FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Apruzese, JP Clark, RW Kepple, PC Davis, J AF Apruzese, JP Clark, RW Kepple, PC Davis, J BE Chittenden, J TI Diagnosing dynamic hohlraums with K-Shell spectroscopy of embedded tracer layers SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY JUL 25-28, 2005 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP Sandia Natl Labs, Imperial Coll, Def Threat Reduct Agcy DE dynamic hohlraum; x-ray source; x-ray Spectroscopy; z generator AB Diagnostic tracer layers of Al and/or Mg have been embedded in Dynamic Hohlraum targets which are imploded on Sandia National Laboratories' Z generator by surrounding them with nested arrays of tungsten wires. The K-shell lines of these elements are observed, usually in absorption, in both time-resolved and time-integrated spectra. The radiation physics of line formation in this environment is well understood and captured with a detailed model. A X 2 fit to the measured line intensities is used in conjunction with the model to determine the hohlraums' intrinsic properties. Among other features, our analyses find no evidence of intrinsic top-bottom asymmetry in the Dynamic Hohlraums. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Apruzese, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0297-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 808 BP 307 EP 310 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BDT12 UT WOS:000235192200070 ER PT J AU Bevin, AA Parlette, EC Domankevitz, Y Ross, EV AF Bevin, AA Parlette, EC Domankevitz, Y Ross, EV TI Variable-pulse Nd : YAG laser in the treatment of facial telangiectasias SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID LEG TELANGIECTASIAS; DYE-LASER; NM; WIDTH; VEINS; THRESHOLD; ROSACEA; FLUENCE AB BACKGROUND Variable-pulse 1,064 nm wavelength lasers have been used with good effectiveness on leg telangiectasias and reticular veins and have shown promising results on facial telangiectasias as well. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of a variable-pulse neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser using a small spot size in the treatment of facial telangiectasias. METHODS Eight male patients (mean age 75 years) underwent a single treatment session using a variable-pulse 1.5 mm spot size Nd:YAG laser with epidermal cooling. Telangiectasia diameters were 0.3 to 2.0 mm. Test sites were performed using three pulse widths (3, 20, and 60 ms), with fluences varying depending on vessel size and response. Full treatments were performed using test parameters giving the best response. Thirteen weeks later, the patients returned for final evaluation and satisfaction rating. RESULTS Fluences ranged from 226 to 425 J/cm(2), with smaller vessels requiring larger energies. Pulse duration was equally divided between the 20 and 60 ms settings. The shortest pulse width (3 ms) was inferior in all patients. Longer pulse durations achieved superior vessel elimination with minimal immediate purpura and no postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. The average mean vessel clearance was 26 to 50% in half of the patients and 51 to 75% in the other half as evaluated by three unbiased dermatologists with extensive laser experience. CONCLUSION A small-spot size Nd:YAG laser using a pulse width of 20 ms or higher appears to be effective in clearing a significant percentage of facial telangectasias with a single pass. The side effects were minimal. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Candela Corp, Wayland, MA USA. RP Bevin, AA (reprint author), USN, Hosp Camp Lejeune, 100 Brewster Blvd, Camp Lejeune, NC 28547 USA. EM Avery.A.Bevin@nhcl.med.navy.mil NR 15 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 32 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1111/j1524-4725.2006.32001 PG 6 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 027JM UT WOS:000236411700002 PM 16393592 ER PT J AU Narins, RS Tope, WD Pope, K Ross, EV AF Narins, RS Tope, WD Pope, K Ross, EV TI Overtreatment effects associated with a radiofrequency tissue tightening device: Rare, preventable, and correctable with subcision and autologous fat transfer SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material ID NONABLATIVE RADIOFREQUENCY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FACIAL SKIN; COMPLICATIONS; FACE; LIPOSUCTION; NECK C1 Dermatol Surg & Laser Ctr New York, White Plains, NY 10604 USA. NYU, Dept Dermatol, Med Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Dermatol Surg, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Thermage Inc, Hayward, CA USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Narins, RS (reprint author), Dermatol Surg & Laser Ctr New York, 222 Westchester Ave, White Plains, NY 10604 USA. EM rsnmd@att.net NR 23 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 32 IS 1 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2006.32019 PG 10 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 027JM UT WOS:000236411700020 PM 16393612 ER PT S AU Arrieta, R Arrieta, LL Stack, JR AF Arrieta, Rodolfo Arrieta, Lisa L. Stack, Jason R. BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Holloway, JH TI An adaptively generated feature set for low-resolution multi-frequency sonar images - art. no. 62171G SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI CY APR 17-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE ID WAVES; CYLINDERS AB Many small Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) currently utilize inexpensive, low resolution sonars that are either mechanically or electronically steered as their main sensors. These sonars do not provide high quality images and are quite dissimilar from the broad area search sonars that will most likely be the source of the localization data given to the UUV in a reacquisition scenario. Therefore, the acoustic data returned by the UUV in its attempt to reacquire the target will look quite different from the original wide area image. The problem then becomes how to determine that the UUV is looking at the same object. Our approach is to exploit the maneuverability of the UUV and currently unused information in the echoes returned from these Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) sonars in order to classify a presumptive target as an object of interest. The approach hinges on the ability of the UUV to maneuver around the target in order to insonify the target at different frequencies of insonification, ranges, and aspects. We show how this approach would allow the UUV to extract a feature set derived from the inversion of simple physics-based models. These models predict echo time-of-arrival and inversion of these models using the echo data allows effective classification based on estimated surface and bulk material properties. We have simulated UUV maneuvers by positioning targets at different ranges and aspects to the sonar and have then interrogated the target at different frequencies. The properties that have been extracted include longitudinal, and shear speeds of the bulk, as well as longitudinal speed, Rayleigh speed, and density of the surface. The material properties we have extracted using this approach match the tabulated material values within 8%. We also show that only a few material properties are required to effectively segregate many classes of materials. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Arrieta, R (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6273-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6217 BP G2171 EP G2171 AR 62171G DI 10.1117/12.668895 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BER93 UT WOS:000239186200044 ER PT S AU Korman, MS Sabatier, JM Pauls, KE Genis, SA AF Korman, Murray S. Sabatier, James M. Pauls, Kathleen E. Genis, Sean A. BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Holloway, JH TI Nonlinear acoustic landmine detection: Comparison of off-target soil background and on-target soil-mine nonlinear effects - art. no. 62170Y SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI CY APR 17-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE nonlinear; acoustic; landmine; detection; mesoscopic; soil; tuning curve ID ELASTICITY AB When airborne sound at two primary tones, f(1), f(2) (closely spaced near a resonance) excites the soil surface over a buried landmine, soil wave motion interacts with the landmine generating a scattered surface profile which can be measured over the "target." Profiles at the primaries f(1), f(2), and nonlinearly generated combination frequencies f(1)-(f(2)-f(1)) and f(2)+(f(2)-f(1)), 2f(1)-(f(2)-f(1)), f(1)+f(2) and 2f(2)+(f(2)-f(1)) (among others) have been measured for a VS 2.2 plastic, inert, anti-tank landmine, buried at 3.6 cm in sifted loess soil and in a gravel road bed. [M.S. Korman and J.M. Sabatier, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116, 3354-3369 (2004)]. It is observed that the "on target" to "off target" contrast ratio for the sum frequency component can be similar to 20 dB higher than for either primary. The vibration interaction between the top-plate interface of a buried plastic landmine and the soil above it appears to exhibit many characteristics of the mesoscopic/nanoscale nonlinear effects that are observed in geomaterials like sandstone. Near resonance, the bending (softening) of a family of increasing amplitude tuning curves, involving the vibration over the landmine, exhibits a linear relationship between the peak particle velocity and corresponding frequency. Tuning curve experiments are performed both on and off the mine in an effort to understand the nonlinearities in each case. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Korman, MS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6273-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6217 BP Y2170 EP Y2170 AR 62170Y DI 10.1117/12.668752 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BER93 UT WOS:000239186200031 ER PT S AU In, V Bulsara, AR Kho, A Palacios, A Longhini, P Baglio, S Ando, B Sacco, V Neff, JD AF In, V. Bulsara, A. R. Kho, A. Palacios, A. Longhini, P. Baglio, S. Ando, B. Sacco, V. Neff, J. D. BE Baglio, S Bulsara, A TI Exploiting dynamic cooperative behavior in a coupled-core fluxgate magnetometer SO DEVICE APPLICATIONS OF NONLINEAR DYNAMICS SE Understanding Complex Systems Springer Complexity LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Device Applications of Nonlinear Dynamics (DANOLD) CY OCT 02-06, 2005 CL Catania, ITALY SP SPAWAR Syst Ctr, Off Naval Res, Global, Univ Studi Catania, Engn Fac ID SENSOR C1 [In, V.; Bulsara, A. R.; Kho, A.; Neff, J. D.] USN, Space & Warfare Syst Ctr, Code 2373,49590 Lansing Rd A341, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Palacios, A.; Longhini, P.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Mat, San Diego, CA USA. [Baglio, S.; Ando, B.; Sacco, V.] Univ Catania, Dip Ingn, Catania, Italy. RP In, V (reprint author), USN, Space & Warfare Syst Ctr, Code 2373,49590 Lansing Rd A341, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RI Baglio, Salvatore/I-3174-2012 OI Baglio, Salvatore/0000-0002-6068-2846 FU US Office of Naval Research Code 331 FX This work has been supported, in its entirety, by the US Office of Naval Research Code 331. We, gratefully, acknowledge this support. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-0832 BN 3-540-33877-2 J9 UNDERST COMPLEX SYST PY 2006 BP 67 EP 82 DI 10.1007/3-540-33878-0_6 PG 16 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BFD28 UT WOS:000241144500006 ER PT S AU Goshorn, R Goshorn, D AF Goshorn, R. Goshorn, D. BE Baglio, S Bulsara, A TI Using a TI C6701 DSP rapid prototyping system for nonlinear adaptive filtering to mitigate interference SO DEVICE APPLICATIONS OF NONLINEAR DYNAMICS SE Understanding Complex Systems Springer Complexity LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Device Applications of Nonlinear Dynamics (DANOLD) CY OCT 02-06, 2005 CL Catania, ITALY SP SPAWAR Syst Ctr, Off Naval Res, Global, Univ Studi Catania, Engn Fac C1 [Goshorn, R.; Goshorn, D.] Space & Naval Warfare System Ctr, Code 2373,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Goshorn, R (reprint author), Space & Naval Warfare System Ctr, Code 2373,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RI Baglio, Salvatore/I-3174-2012 OI Baglio, Salvatore/0000-0002-6068-2846 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-0832 BN 3-540-33877-2 J9 UNDERST COMPLEX SYST PY 2006 BP 217 EP 221 DI 10.1007/3-540-33878-0_19 PG 5 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BFD28 UT WOS:000241144500019 ER PT S AU Neff, J In, V Kho, A Bulsara, A Meadows, B Palacios, A Hampton, S Nguyen, L Chi, D Koussa, N AF Neff, J. In, V. Kho, A. Bulsara, A. Meadows, B. Palacios, A. Hampton, S. Nguyen, L. Chi, D. Koussa, N. BE Baglio, S Bulsara, A TI Reconfigurable pattern generators using nonlinear electronic circuits SO DEVICE APPLICATIONS OF NONLINEAR DYNAMICS SE Understanding Complex Systems Springer Complexity LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Device Applications of Nonlinear Dynamics (DANOLD) CY OCT 02-06, 2005 CL Catania, ITALY SP SPAWAR Syst Ctr, Off Naval Res, Global, Univ Studi Catania, Engn Fac ID QUADRUPED LOCOMOTION; GAITS; MODELS C1 USN, Space & Warfare Syst Ctr, Code 2373,49590 Lassing Rd A341, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Neff, J (reprint author), USN, Space & Warfare Syst Ctr, Code 2373,49590 Lassing Rd A341, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-0832 BN 3-540-33877-2 J9 UNDERST COMPLEX SYST PY 2006 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.1007/3-540-33878-0_23 PG 8 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BFD28 UT WOS:000241144500023 ER PT S AU Trickett, SB Trafton, JG AF Trickett, Susan Bell Trafton, J. Gregory BE BarkerPlummer, D Cox, R Swoboda, N TI Toward a comprehensive model of graph comprehension: Making the case for spatial cognition SO DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION AND INFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Diagrammatic Representation and Inference CY JUN 28-30, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Apple Comp Inc, Cognit Sci Soc, Google, Microsoft Corp, Royal Soc, Stanford Univ, Stanford Univ, Ctr Study Language & Informat, Ctr Study Language & Informat Publ ID STATIC DISPLAYS; REPRESENTATIONS; INFORMATION AB We argue that a comprehensive model of graph comprehension must include spatial cognition. We propose that current models of graph comprehension have not needed to incorporate spatial processes, because most of the task/graph combinations used in the psychology laboratory are very simple and can be addressed using perceptual processes. However, data from our own research in complex domains that use complex graphs shows extensive use of spatial processing. We propose an extension to current models of graph comprehension in which spatial processing occurs a) when information is not explicitly represented in the graph and b) when simple perceptual processes are inadequate to extract that implicit information. We apply this model extension to some previously published research on graph comprehension from different labs, and find that it is able to account for the results. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trickett, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Dr, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM trickett@itd.nrl.navy.mil; trafton@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-35623-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 4045 BP 286 EP 300 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BEV64 UT WOS:000239625600037 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Delafuente, JC AF Kostoff, RN Delafuente, JC TI The unknown impacts of combinations of large numbers of drugs SO DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Pharm, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 0114-5916 J9 DRUG SAFETY JI Drug Saf. PY 2006 VL 29 IS 3 BP 183 EP 185 DI 10.2165/00002018-200629030-00001 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 026WD UT WOS:000236372800001 PM 16524317 ER PT J AU Shaffer, J AF Shaffer, J TI Making "an excellent die" - Death, mourning, and patriotism in the propaganda plays of the American Revolution SO EARLY AMERICAN LITERATURE LA English DT Article ID CATO C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Shaffer, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 67 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PRESS PI CHAPEL HILL PA BOX 2288, JOURNALS DEPT, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27515-2288 USA SN 0012-8163 J9 EARLY AM LITERATURE JI Early Am. Lit. PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 1 EP 27 DI 10.1353/eal.2006.0008 PG 27 WC Literature, American SC Literature GA 018VF UT WOS:000235792200001 ER PT J AU Shaffer, J AF Shaffer, J TI A history of the American theatre, from its origins to 1832. SO EARLY AMERICAN LITERATURE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Shaffer, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PRESS PI CHAPEL HILL PA BOX 2288, JOURNALS DEPT, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27515-2288 USA SN 0012-8163 J9 EARLY AM LITERATURE JI Early Am. Lit. PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2 BP 383 EP 387 DI 10.1353/eal.2006.0024 PG 5 WC Literature, American SC Literature GA 057YD UT WOS:000238630200016 ER PT S AU Dew, N Goldfarb, B Sarasvathy, S AF Dew, Nick Goldfarb, Brent Sarasvathy, Saras BE Baum, JAC Dobrev, SD VanWitteloostuijn, A TI Optimal inertia: When organizations should fail SO ECOLOGY AND STRATEGY SE Advances in Strategic Management-A Research Annual LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES; INNOVATION; INDUSTRY; NICHES; ENTRY; POWER; EXIT AB We challenge the premise that the CEO's job is to keep the corporation alive and thriving at all costs and under all circumstances. We briefly review the differing normative views of strategic management theorists and organizational theorists about organizational inertia. We then develop an economic model of incumbent behavior, in the face of challenger competition that accommodates complementary assets. The model predicts and describes conditions under which organizational inertia, as subsequent organizational failure, is optimal. We then extend the logic and propose that the failure of entrepreneurial firms does not necessarily imply the failure of entrepreneurs. We conclude with a call to study "exit" as a viable strategic option. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Dew, N (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU JAI-ELSEVIER LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0742-3322 BN 978-0-7623-1338-9 J9 ADV STRATEG MANAGE JI Adv. Strat. M. PY 2006 VL 23 BP 73 EP 99 DI 10.1016/S0742-3322(06)23003-1 PG 27 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BFU15 UT WOS:000244620800003 ER PT S AU Krapels, K Deaver, D Driggers, R AF Krapels, Keith Deaver, Dawne Driggers, Ronald BE Driggers, RG Huckridge, DA TI Small craft identification discrimination criteria (N-50 and V-50) for visible and infrared sensors in maritime security SO Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems: Technology and Applications III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems - Technology and Applications III CY SEP 13-14, 2006 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN SP SPIE Europe, Defence IQ, EMRS DTC, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, FOI, Swedish Def Res Agcy, Luminex Corp, QinetiQ Ltd ID CYCLE CRITERIA AB The new emphasis on Anti-Terrorism and Force Protection (AT/FP), for both shore and sea platform protection, has resulted in a need for infrared imager design and evaluation tools which demonstrate field performance against U.S. Navy AT/FP requirements. In the design of infrared imaging systems for target acquisition, a discrimination criterion is required for successful sensor realization. It characterizes the difficulty of the task being performed by the observer and varies for different target sets. This criterion is used in both assessment of existing infrared sensor and in the design of new conceptual sensors. In this experiment, we collected 12 small craft signatures (military and civilian) in the visible band during the day and the LWIR and MWIR spectra in both the day and the night environments. These signatures were processed to determine the targets' characteristic dimension and contrast. They were also processed to bandlimit the signature's spatial information content (simulating longer range) and a perception experiment was performed to determine the task difficulty (N-50 and V-50). The results are presented in this paper and can be used for Navy and Coast Guard imaging infrared sensor design and evaluation. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Krapels, K (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6493-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6395 BP U264 EP U276 DI 10.1117/12.689140 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BFQ96 UT WOS:000243902700027 ER PT J AU Sutto, TE Ollinger, M Kim, HS Arnold, CB Pique, A AF Sutto, TE Ollinger, M Kim, HS Arnold, CB Pique, A TI Laser transferable polymer-ionic liquid separator/electrolytes for solid-state rechargeable lithium-ion microbatteries SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE MOLTEN-SALT; GEL ELECTROLYTES; DIRECT-WRITE; BATTERIES AB A laser-transferable polymer gel separator formulated from an imidazolium-based ionic liquid, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-HFP, and ceramic nanoparticles was prepared and electrochemically characterized by ac-impedance spectroscopy and in lithium-ion microbatteries. Size and weight percent effects of the nanoparticulates added to the laser-transferred separator indicate that nanoparticulates under 100 nm in size and in the 10 wt % range exhibited the highest ionic conductivity (1-3 mS/cm). Li-ion microbatteries prepared using this separator, a LiCoO(2) cathode, and a carbon anode maintained an average discharge voltage of up to 4.2 V with a reversible specific energy of 330 mWh/g. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Sci & Technol Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Sci & Technol Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM pique@nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2006 VL 9 IS 2 BP A69 EP A71 DI 10.1149/1.2142158 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 995YR UT WOS:000234142000009 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW AF Kwon, Y. W. TI Development of coupling technique for LBM and FEM for FSI application SO ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONS LA English DT Article DE finite element analysis; fluid dynamics; flow; structural analysis ID FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION; LATTICE BOLTZMANN SIMULATIONS; UNDERWATER SHOCK; GAS AUTOMATA; FORMULATION; EQUATION; MODELS; FLOWS AB Purpose - To develop a technique to couple the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and the finite element method (FEM) to solve fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems. Design/methodology/approach - The FEM was applied to structural analysis while the LBM was applied to fluid flow analysis. The two techniques were coupled in a staggered manner through interface boundary conditions. Findings - In order to demonstrate the developed coupling technique, various FSI examples were analyzed and presented. The coupling technique was useful to solve FSI problems. Originality/value - To the best knowledge of the author, there have been few efforts to couple the two techniques to solve the fluid and flexible structure interaction problems. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM ywkwon@nps.edu NR 26 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0264-4401 J9 ENG COMPUTATION JI Eng. Comput. PY 2006 VL 23 IS 7-8 BP 860 EP 875 DI 10.1108/02644400610707766 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 116NB UT WOS:000242808500008 ER PT J AU Ortiz, D Brown, J Abdelshehid, M DeLeon, P Dalton, R Mendez, L Soltero, J Pereira, M Hahn, M Lee, E Ogren, J Clark, R Foyos, J Es-Said, OS AF Ortiz, D Brown, J Abdelshehid, M DeLeon, P Dalton, R Mendez, L Soltero, J Pereira, M Hahn, M Lee, E Ogren, J Clark, R Foyos, J Es-Said, OS TI The effects of prolonged thermal exposure on the mechanical properties and fracture toughness of C458 aluminum-lithium alloy SO ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE thermal exposure; C458 aluminum-lithium; failure assessment AB The effect of thermal exposure at 83, 135 and 177 degrees C up to 1000 h on the electrical resistivity, mechanical properties and fracture toughness of a peak aged Al-Li-Cu-Zr alloy, C458-T861 was studied. Good thermal stability in mechanical properties was observed up to 135 degrees C. The fracture toughness dropped both as a function of increasing temperature and times. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. Air Combat Syst, Northrop Grumman, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Es-Said, OS (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. EM oessaid@lmu.edu NR 7 TC 10 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-6307 J9 ENG FAIL ANAL JI Eng. Fail. Anal. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1 BP 170 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2004.10.008 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 980DV UT WOS:000232995100016 ER PT S AU Livingston, MA Julier, SJ Brown, DG AF Livingston, Mark A. Julier, Simon J. Brown, Dennis G. BE Verly, JG Guell, JJ TI Situation awareness for teams of dismounted warfighters and unmanned vehicles SO ENHANCED AND SYNTHETIC VISION 2006 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2006 CY APR 17-18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE synthetic vision; augmented reality; situation awareness; dismounted warfighters; unmanned vehicles AB Changes in military operations in recent years underscore changes in the requirements of military units. One of the largest underlying changes is the transformation from large-scale battles to quick-reaction mobile forces. There is also pressure to reduce the number of warfighters at risk in operations. One resultant need of these two factors is the increased need for situation awareness (SA); another is the use of unmanned vehicles, which increases the difficulty for the dismounted warfighter to maintain SA. An augmented reality (AR) system is a type of synthetic vision system that mixes computer-generated graphics (or annotations) with the real world. Annotations provide information aimed at establishing SA and aiding decision making. The AR system must decide what annotations to show and how to show them to ensure that the display is intuitive and unambiguous. We analyze the problem domain of military operations in urban terrain. Our goal is to determine the utility a synthetic vision system like AR can provide to a dismounted warfighter. In particular, we study the types of information that a warfighter is likely to find useful when working with teams of other warfighters. The problem domain is challenging because teammates may be occluded by urban infrastructure and may include unmanned vehicles operating in the environment. We consider the tasks of dynamic planning and deconfliction, navigation, target identification, and identification of friend or foe. We discuss the issues involved in developing a synthetic vision system, the usability goals that will measure how successful a system will be, and the use cases driving our development of a prototype system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Livingston, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20350 USA. EM mark.livingston@nrl.navy.mil; simon.julier@nrl.navy.mil; dennis.g.brown@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6282-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6226 AR 62260F DI 10.1117/12.665917 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BEU95 UT WOS:000239569900015 ER PT B AU Lyytinen, K Bergman, M King, JL AF Lyytinen, Kalle Bergman, Mark King, John Leslie BE Seruca, I Cordeiro, J Hammoudi, S Filipe, J TI Large scale requirements analysis as heterogeneous engineering SO ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS VI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS 2004) CY APR 14-17, 2004 CL Portucalense Univ, Oporto, PORTUGAL SP INSTICC HO Portucalense Univ DE system requirements; functional requirements; system failures; heterogeneous engineering ID HIERARCHICAL SPIRAL MODEL; SOFTWARE-DEVELOPMENT; INFORMATION-SYSTEM; PROJECT; MANAGEMENT; RISK AB We examine how to improve our understanding in stating and managing successfully requirements for large systems, because the current concept of a system requirement is ill suited to develop true requirements for such systems. It regards requirements as goals to be discovered and solutions as separate technical elements. In consequence, Current Requirements Engineering (RE) theory separates these issues and reduces RE to an activity where a technical Solution is documented for a given set of goals (problems). In contrast, we advocate a view where a requirement specifies a set of mappings between problem and solution spaces. which both are socially constructed and negotiated. Requirements arc emergent and need to be discovered through a contracted process, which likens to a "garbage-can" decision-making. System requirements thereby embrace an emergent functional ecology of requirements. This leads to equate requirements engineering with heterogeneous engineering. The admitted heterogeneity of technological activity avoids a commitment to social (or technological) reductionism. Requirements engineers need to be seen as "heterogeneous engineers" who must associate entities that range front people, through skills. to artifacts and natural phenomena. They are successful only, if built socio-technical networks can remain stable in spite of attempts of other entities to dissociate them. C1 [Lyytinen, Kalle] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Informat Syst, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Bergman, Mark] Naval PostGrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [King, John Leslie] Univ Michigan, Sch Informat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Lyytinen, K (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Informat Syst, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM kalle@po.cwru.edu NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-3674-4 PY 2006 BP 9 EP + DI 10.1007/1-4020-3675-2_2 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BEL08 UT WOS:000237672100002 ER PT J AU Martorella, M Homer, J Palmer, J Chen, V Berizzi, F Littleton, B Longstaff, D AF Martorella, Marco Homer, John Palmer, James Chen, Victor Berizzi, Fabrizio Littleton, Brad Longstaff, Dennis TI Inverse synthetic aperture Radar SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON APPLIED SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Queensland, Sch ITEF, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Pisa, Dept Informat Engn, I-56122 Pisa, Italy. Univ Queensland, Sch Informat Technol & Elect Engn, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Def Sci & Technol Org, Elect Warfare & Radar Div, Radar Modelling & Anal Grp, Edinburgh 5111, Midlothian, Scotland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Queensland, Sch Phys Sci, Ctr Quantum Comp Technol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Martorella, M (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch ITEF, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RI Littleton, Brad/I-1463-2015 OI Littleton, Brad/0000-0002-1561-9688 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1110-8657 J9 EURASIP J APPL SIG P JI EURASIP J Appl. Signal Process. PY 2006 AR 63465 DI 10.1155/ASP/2006/63465 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 106CO UT WOS:000242078800001 ER PT B AU Grove, E AF Grove, Eric BE Prabhakar, LW Ho, JH Bateman, S TI Sea Power in the Asia-Pacific Region SO EVOLVING MARITIME BALANCE OF POWER IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC: MARITIME DOCTRINES AND NUCLEAR WEAPONS AT SEA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Grove, Eric] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Grove, Eric] Royal Naval Coll, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. RP Grove, E (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Ctr Maritime Policy, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-277-342-5 PY 2006 BP 17 EP 33 DI 10.1142/9789812773425_0002 D2 10.1142/9789812773425 PG 17 WC Area Studies; Political Science SC Area Studies; Government & Law GA BZB43 UT WOS:000300999600003 ER PT J AU Domke Itoh Tian Alexander Baumberg Kall Russell Kneipp Pergolese Blanch Eliasson Vlckova Pal Natan Le Ru Baumberg Milton Goodacre Kosower Cunningham Glembocki Nie Smith Cohen Aggarwal Pettinger Graham Milton AF Domke Itoh Tian Alexander Baumberg Kall Russell Kneipp Pergolese Blanch Eliasson Vlckova Pal Natan Le Ru Baumberg Milton Goodacre Kosower Cunningham Glembocki Nie Smith Cohen Aggarwal Pettinger Graham Milton TI General discussion SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; ABSORPTION INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; CHARGE-TRANSFER; SURFACE; SILVER; ADSORPTION; ELECTRODE; PYRIDINE; OXYGEN; SERS C1 MPG, Fritz Haber Inst, Berlin, Germany. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Xiamen Univ, Xiamen, Peoples R China. Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland. Univ Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. Chalmers Univ Technol, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland. Charles Univ, CR-11636 Prague 1, Czech Republic. Victoria Univ Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. DSTL, Salisbury, Wilts, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Max Planck Soc, Fritz Haber Inst, Berlin, Germany. RP Domke (reprint author), MPG, Fritz Haber Inst, Berlin, Germany. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2006 VL 132 BP 147 EP 158 DI 10.1039/b601254j PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 032KF UT WOS:000236772600012 ER PT J AU Aggarwal Nie Natan Foulger Smith Kall Pettinger Tian Kneipp Glembocki Cohen Graham Cass Stone Green Kosower Corish Abdelsalam Zoorob Pearson Alexander Goodacre Le Ru Roy Donaldson Cant Pal Cohen Baumberg Cintra Vlckova McCabe Cormack Kosower AF Aggarwal Nie Natan Foulger Smith Kall Pettinger Tian Kneipp Glembocki Cohen Graham Cass Stone Green Kosower Corish Abdelsalam Zoorob Pearson Alexander Goodacre Le Ru Roy Donaldson Cant Pal Cohen Baumberg Cintra Vlckova McCabe Cormack Kosower TI General discussion SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; COLLOIDAL SILVER PARTICLES; SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; SPECTROSCOPY; DISCRIMINATION; HYBRIDIZATION; DNA; FLUORESCENCE; SERS C1 MIT, Lincoln Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. DSTL, Salisbury, Wilts, England. Chalmers Univ Technol, Gothenburg, Sweden. Max Planck Soc, Fritz Haber Inst, Berlin, Germany. Xiamen Univ, Xiamen, Peoples R China. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland. Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. Mesophotonics Ltd, Southampton, Hants, England. BD Technologies, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Victoria Univ Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. Charles Univ, CR-11636 Prague 1, Czech Republic. RP Aggarwal (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2006 VL 132 BP 309 EP 319 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 032KF UT WOS:000236772600026 ER PT J AU Simon, WK Bellotti, JA Akdogan, EK Safari, A AF Simon, W. K. Bellotti, J. A. Akdogan, E. K. Safari, A. TI Nonlinear dielectric properties of paraelectric (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films with isotropic and anisotropic epitaxy SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th IMF 2005 Conference CY SEP, 2005 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL SP IMF DE dielectric; paraelectric; thin films; tunability; microwave ID INTERDIGITAL CAPACITORS; PHASE-DIAGRAMS; STRAIN AB The effects of isotropic and anisotropic epitaxy on the nonlinear dielectric response in (Ba-0.6,Sr0.4TiO3 ) thin films were investigated experimentally. Under isotropic epitaxy, it is shown that the misfit is detrimental to the non-linear response of the films with decreasing film thickness. Nonlinear dielectric properties of films with in-plane compression exhibit more pronounced strain dependence, while the same does not set-in in film under tension down to 200 nm in thickness. In the case of anisotropic epitaxy, tunability exhibits directional dependence in the plane of the film and possesses orthorhombic symmetry in accordance to the Curie principle. The nonlinear dielectric response was found to be greater along the compressed directions. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Safari, A (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM safari@rci.rutgers.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2006 VL 333 BP 185 EP 191 DI 10.1080/00150190600701236 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 063AV UT WOS:000238989200022 ER PT J AU Tressler, JF AF Tressler, James F. TI Fabrication and characterization of single crystal cymbals SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE single crystal ferroelectric; transducer ID PERFORMANCE; TRANSDUCER AB Cymbal transducers are made using single crystal relaxor ferroelectric PMN-PT. An electrically conductive adhesive film with uniform geometry and thickness is used to bond the metal cymbal caps to the single crystal. Upon curing, the bond exhibits good mechanical strength under both static and dynamic test conditions. It is found that the capacitance and d(33) of the cymbal drop markedly upon curing as compared to the single crystal disk. It is demonstrated that this is not due to depoling during the adhesive cure stage but rather clamping of the single crystal disk by the stiff metal cymbal caps. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tressler, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tressler@pa.nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2006 VL 331 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1080/0015019060073287 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 060FC UT WOS:000238786800007 ER PT J AU Amin, A Ewart, L McLaughlin, E Robinson, H AF Amin, A Ewart, L McLaughlin, E Robinson, H TI Transitions in morphotropic PMN-PT single crystals SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE single crystals; phase transition; large electromechanical coupling ID PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; PHASE AB Single crystals in the relaxor-ferroelectric lead magnesium niobate (PMN)-lead titanate (PT) and lead zinc niobate (PZN)-lead titanate (PT) systems provide a significant advantage for detecting and classifying objects in littoral waters. Their extremely large electromechanical coupling factor (k(33) > 0.90) and piezoelectric coefficient (d(33) > 1000 pC/N) offer both broadband and high acoustic source level capabilities. Two different transition pathways can be accessed in a morphotropic PMN-0.30PT composition. Resonance experiments on a length extensional bar fabricated from a multi-domain, [001] oriented and poled PMN-0.30PT crystal revealed a monotonically decreasing Young's modulus as a function of temperature with a sudden stiffening near 85 degrees C corresponding to a ferroelectric rhombohedral (F-R)-ferroelectric tetragonal (FT) transition. Quasi-static, zero field stress-strain response revealed an elastic instability of the FR near 30 MPa compression. This instability is attributed to a ferroelectric rhombohedral (F-R)-ferroelectric orthorhombic (FO) transition. A dc bias field of 0.59 MV/ m stabilized the FR state up to 40 MPa compressive stresses. The implications of these results on sonar projector design and performance will be discussed. C1 USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Amin, A (reprint author), USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM aminah@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2006 VL 331 BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1080/00150190600732892 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 060FC UT WOS:000238786800008 ER PT J AU Gustofson, RL Larsen, FW Bush, MR Segars, JH AF Gustofson, RL Larsen, FW Bush, MR Segars, JH TI Treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists in women suppressed with GnRH agonist may avoid cycle cancellation in patients at risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 60th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 16-20, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Reprod Med ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; SERUM ESTRADIOL; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; OOCYTE NUMBER; MATURATION; CONCEPTION; GANIRELIX; EFFICACY; LEVEL AB Forty-seven patients at high risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome because of markedly elevated serum E-2 levels on either long-luteal or microdose flare leuprolide acetate regimens were treated with ganirelix acetate. Despite being pretreated with GnRH agonist and without withholding gonadotropins, serum E-2 decreased by 49.5% and 41.0% of pretreatment values (long luteal and microdose flare, respectively) after initiation of ganirelix, and 68.1% of the patients became pregnant. C1 NICHHD, RBMB, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN Natl Med Ctr, Combined Fed Fellowship Reprod Endocrinol Infer, NIH, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Segars, JH (reprint author), NICHHD, RBMB, NIH, 10 Ctr Dr MSC 1109,Bldg 10,CRC,1E-3140, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM segarsj@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 85 IS 1 BP 251 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.1291 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 006QX UT WOS:000234913100048 PM 16412770 ER PT S AU Sorathia, U Perez, I AF Sorathia, U Perez, I BE Wilkie, CA Nelson, GL TI Navy R&D programs for improving the fire safety of composite materials SO FIRE AND POLYMERS IV: MATERIALS AND CONCEPTS FOR HAZARD PREVENTION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Amer Chem Soc, Fuel Chem Div, Amer Chem Soc, Petr Chem Div AB Due to their inherent characteristics, fiber reinforced plastics (FRP), also referred to as polymer matrix based composite materials (PMC), have been making steady inroads into naval military systems for the past 10-15 years Chief among their characteristics is the stiffness to weight ratio (much better than steel or aluminum), and the resistance to chemical attack (e g. corrosion resistance) US Navy is currently using sandwich composites in most surface ship topside applications The sandwich composite consists of brominated vinyl ester resin with glass or carbon reinforcement and balsa wood core. The unprotected vinyl ester based sandwich composite does not meet all of the Navy's fire performance goals for interior applications In order to use such composites inside the ship for manned spaces, it must be protected with either passive (fire insulation) and/or active (water mist) fire protection systems Such fire protection adds weight and cost Navy has invested over $10M over the last 5 yrs in SBIR (Small Business Innovative Research) and STTR (Small Business Technology Transfer) programs to develop flame resistant polymers suitable for room or low temperature processing by Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) Such flame resistant resins could then be used to produce sandwich composites that would meet the Navy's fire growth requirements without the need for passive fire protection In this paper, we have presented summary of some of the R & D programs that the Navy is pursuing to address this issue Selected low cost screening test procedures to facilitate such development are also discussed. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Sorathia, U (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3948-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2006 VL 922 BP 185 EP 198 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BED20 UT WOS:000236871600015 ER PT S AU Kolel-Veetil, MK Keller, TM AF Kolel-Veetil, MK Keller, TM BE Wilkie, CA Nelson, GL TI Alternatives to thermal curing in diacetylene-containing carboranylenesiloxanes SO FIRE AND POLYMERS IV: MATERIALS AND CONCEPTS FOR HAZARD PREVENTION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Amer Chem Soc, Fuel Chem Div, Amer Chem Soc, Petr Chem Div ID LIVING POLYMERIZATION; HYDROSILYLATION; ALKYNES; COMPLEXES; ACETYLENES; CATALYSTS; TANTALUM AB The dilutions in crosslinking density in the thermally and thermo-oxidatively stable, diacetylene-containing inorganic-organic hybrid oligomers of poly(carboranylenesiloxanes) have resulted in rendering the network polymers derived from them elastomeric in nature While the crosslinking reactions of the diacetylenes require high temperatures and protracted curing times, avenues of diacetylene-curing with less demanding conditions should add to the possibilities of their potential applications Several alternative avenues for the curing of the diacetylenes have been explored and the preliminary results are reported. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kolel-Veetil, MK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Sect, Code 6127, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3948-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2006 VL 922 BP 366 EP 377 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BED20 UT WOS:000236871600028 ER PT S AU Laskoski, M Dominguez, DD Keller, TM AF Laskoski, M Dominguez, DD Keller, TM BE Wilkie, CA Nelson, GL TI Processable phthalonitrile resins with high-thermal and oxidative stability SO FIRE AND POLYMERS IV: MATERIALS AND CONCEPTS FOR HAZARD PREVENTION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Amer Chem Soc, Fuel Chem Div, Amer Chem Soc, Petr Chem Div ID COMPOSITES; POLYMERS AB A processable multiple aromatic ether-linked phthalonitrile with high thermal and oxidative stability has been synthesized and characterized The oligomeric phthalonitrile monomer was prepared in a two-step, one-pot procedure using an excess amount of resorcinol and 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone in a N,N-dimethylformamide/toluene mixture and K2CO3 as the base followed by end-capping with 4-nitrophthalonitrile The monomer was thermally crosslinked in the presence of bis(4-[4-aminophenoxy]phenyl)sulfone forming a void-free thermoset. Thermal, oxidative, and mechanical measurements were performed on the resulting polymer. The polymer exhibits excellent thermal and oxidative stability, superior mechanical properties, and low water absorption. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laskoski, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Code 6127, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3948-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2006 VL 922 BP 378 EP 388 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BED20 UT WOS:000236871600029 ER PT S AU Ngai, K AF Ngai, K. L. BE Tokuyama, M Maruyama, S TI Why glass transition remains an unsolved problem? SO Flow Dynamics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Flow Dynamics CY NOV 16-18, 2005 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP 21st Cent COE Program, Int COE Flow Dynam ID GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; MISCIBLE POLYMER BLENDS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; COUPLING MODEL; JOHARI-GOLDSTEIN; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; DYNAMIC PROPERTIES; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; FORMING SUBSTANCES; METALLIC GLASSES AB A theory that solves the glass transition problem must be able to explain all the important and general properties found experimentally in glass-forming substances. A survey of the well established general properties indicate that none of the existing theories of glass transition fulfils this requirement. Examples of these general properties are given. From them, it is clear that the dynamics of many-molecule relaxation and the forerunning processes are important for the consideration of the structural a-relaxation. Essential elements of the many-molecule relaxation are identified. At least they have to be incorporated into any theory before it can be. a viable solution of the problem of glass transition. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0324-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 832 BP 64 EP 72 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BEL20 UT WOS:000237700400008 ER PT S AU Paluch, M Kaminska, E Kaminski, K Ngai, KL AF Paluch, M. Kaminska, E. Kaminski, K. Ngai, K. L. BE Tokuyama, M Maruyama, S TI The importance of a class of secondary relaxation process in glass-forming liquids SO FLOW DYNAMICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Flow Dynamics CY NOV 16-18, 2005 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP 21st Cent COE Program, Int COE Flow Dynam ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; COUPLING MODEL; DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; ALPHA-RELAXATION; TRANSITION; VISCOSITY; FORMERS AB Broadband dielectric spectroscopy was employed to study the relaxation dynamics of glass-forming isoeugenol. Above T, the dielectric spectra exhibit an excess wing on the high-frequency side of the primary alpha-relaxation as well as an additional faster (gamma) process. As the temperature is lowered below T-g, the excess wing is transformed into a distinctly resolved beta-peak. Analysis of the spectra using the Coupling Model confirms that the beta-peak and its parent excess wing is the genuine Johari-Goldstein relaxation of isoeugenol. C1 [Paluch, M.; Kaminska, E.; Kaminski, K.] Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. [Ngai, K. L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Paluch, M (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0324-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 832 BP 118 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BEL20 UT WOS:000237700400015 ER PT S AU Habasaki, J Ngai, KL AF Habasaki, Junko Ngai, K. L. BE Tokuyama, M Maruyama, S TI Heterogeneity, multi-fractality and cooperativity in the ionically conducting glasses SO FLOW DYNAMICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Flow Dynamics CY NOV 16-18, 2005 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP 21st Cent COE Program, Int COE Flow Dynam DE cooperativity; heterogeneity; glass; multi-fractality; ionics ID DYNAMICS; IONS AB Heterogeneity, multi-fractality and cooperativity coming from the complex many-ion dynamics in ionically conducting glasses and the dynamical potential surface are the key features for a fall understanding of the dynamics of die ions. We have examined these features of Li ions in the lithium metasilicate (Li2SiO3) glass by molecular dynamics simulations. The dynamical potential surface, obtained by the accumulated positions of Li ions during a MD run, has been analyzed by using singularity spectra to have a multi-fractal character. Mixing of localized ion and diffusive ion dynamics is one of the causes of the multi-fractality observed. Single and cooperative motions of Li ions on the surface have been examined respectively by the singular spectrum analysis (SSA) and the multi-channel singular spectrum analysis (M-SSA). Phase-space plots using de-noised data obtained by SSA show the deterministic character of the dynamics of ions, localized and diffusive. C1 [Habasaki, Junko] Tokyo Inst Technol, 4259 Nagatsuta Cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. [Ngai, K. L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Habasaki, J (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, 4259 Nagatsuta Cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. RI Habasaki, Junko/B-9283-2015 OI Habasaki, Junko/0000-0002-2887-2340 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0324-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 832 BP 199 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BEL20 UT WOS:000237700400035 ER PT B AU Fair, CC Chalk, P AF Fair, C. Christine Chalk, Peter TI Fortifying Pakistan: The Role of US Internal Security Assistance SO FORTIFYING PAKISTAN: THE ROLE OF US INTERNAL SECURITY ASSISTANCE SE Perspectives Series LA English DT Article; Book C1 [Fair, C. Christine] US Inst Peace, Ctr Conflict Anal & Prevent, Washington, DC USA. [Fair, C. Christine; Chalk, Peter] RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90406 USA. [Fair, C. Christine; Chalk, Peter] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Chalk, Peter] Asia Pacific Ctr Secur Studies, Honolulu, HI USA. [Chalk, Peter] Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Chalk, Peter] Australian Natl Univ, Strateg & Def Studies Ctr, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP Fair, CC (reprint author), US Inst Peace, Ctr Conflict Anal & Prevent, Washington, DC USA. NR 255 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU US INST PEACE PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA BN 978-1-929223-88-6 J9 PERSPECT SER PY 2006 BP 1 EP 142 PG 142 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BWA30 UT WOS:000293256000001 ER PT S AU Shyu, ML Chen, SC Sarinnapakorn, K Chang, LW AF Shyu, ML Chen, SC Sarinnapakorn, K Chang, LW BE Lin, TY Ohsuga, S Liau, CJ Hu, X TI Principal component-based anomaly detection scheme SO FOUNDATIONS AND NOVEL APPROACHES IN DATA MINING SE Studies in Computational Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Foundations and New Directions of Data Mining CY NOV 19, 2003 CL Melbourne, FL DE anomaly detection; principal component classifter; data mining; intrusion detection; outliers; principal component analysis ID INTRUSION-DETECTION; NOVELTY DETECTION AB In this chapter, a novel anomaly detection scheme that uses a robust principal component classifier (PCC) to handle computer net-work security problems is proposed An intrusion predictive model is constructed from the nu or and minor principal components of the normal instances, where the difference of an anomaly from the normal instance is the distance in the principal component space. The screening of outliers prior to the principal component analysis adds the resistance property to the classifier which makes the method applicable to both the supervised and unsupervised training data. Several experiments using the KDD Cup 1999 data were conducted and the experimental results demonstrated that our proposed PCC method is superior to the k-nearest neighbor (KNV) method, density-based local outliers (LOF) approach, and the outlier detection algorithm based on the Canberra metric. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Florida Int Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Naval Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Sys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Miami, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM shyu@miami.edu; chens@cs.fiu.edu; ksarin@miami.edu; lchan@itd.nrl.navy.mil FU NSF ITR [IIS-0325260]; NSF EIA [0220562]; NSF HRD [0317692]; Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)/ITT [176815J] FX For Mei-Ling Shyu, this research was supported in part by NSF ITR (Medium)IIS-0325260. For Shu-Ching Chen, this research was supported in part by NSF EIA-0220562 and NSF HRD-0317692. For Shu-Ching Chen and Mei-Ling Shyu, this research was supported in part by Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)/ITT: 176815J. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-949X BN 3-540-28315-3 J9 STUD COMPUT INTELL PY 2006 VL 9 BP 311 EP + PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDT89 UT WOS:000235303500018 ER PT B AU Bultan, T Heitmeyer, C AF Bultan, Tevfik Heitmeyer, Constance GP IEEE TI Analyzing tabular requirements specifications using infinite state model checking SO FOURTH ACM & IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FORMAL METHODS AND MODELS FOR CO-DESIGN, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Co-Design CY JUL 27-30, 2006 CL Napa Valley, CA SP ACM SIGDA, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Council EDA AB This paper investigates the application of infinite state model checking to the formal analysis of requirements specifications in the SCR (Software Cost Reduction) tabular notation. using Action Language Verifier (ALV). After reviewing the SCR method and tools and the Action Language, experimental results are presented of formally, analyzing two SCR specifications using ALV The application of ALV to verify or falsify, (by generating counterexamples) the state and transition. invariants of SCR specifications and to check Disjointness and Coverage properties is described. ALV is compared with the verification techniques that have been integrated into the SCR toolset. C1 [Bultan, Tevfik] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Heitmeyer, Constance] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Bultan, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011; OI Heitmeyer, Constance/0000-0001-7942-9309 FU NSF [CCR-0341365]; Office of Naval Research FX This work was done while T. Bultan was visiting the Naval Research Laboratory on sabbatical leave from the University of California, Santa Barbara. His research is supported in part by NSF grant CCR-0341365.; C. Heitmeyer's research is supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0421-5 PY 2006 BP 7 EP + DI 10.1109/MEMCOD.2006.1695895 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BEY35 UT WOS:000240106600002 ER PT B AU Archer, M Lim, H Lynch, N Mitra, S Umeno, S AF Archer, Myla Lim, HongPing Lynch, Nancy Mitra, Sayan Umeno, Shinya GP IEEE TI Specifying and proving properties of Timed I/O Automata in the TIOA toolkit SO FOURTH ACM & IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FORMAL METHODS AND MODELS FOR CO-DESIGN, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Co-Design CY JUL 27-30, 2006 CL Napa Valley, CA SP ACM SIGDA, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Council EDA AB Timed I/O Automata (TIOA) is a mathematical framework for modeling and verification of distributed systems that involve discrete and continuous dynamics. TIOA can be used for example, to model a real-time software component controlling a physical process. The TIOA model is sufficiently general to subsume other models in use for tinned systems. The TIOA toolkit, currently under development, is aimed at supporting system development based on TIOA specifications. The TIOA toolkit is an extension of the IOA toolkit, which provides a specification. simulator, a code generator, and both model checking anal theorem proving support for analyzing specifications. This paper focuses on modeling of timed systems with TIOA and the TAME-based theorem. proving support provided in the toolkit for proving system properties, including timing properties. Several examples are provided by way of illustration. C1 [Archer, Myla] USN, Naval Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Code 5546, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lim, HongPing; Lynch, Nancy; Mitra, Sayan; Umeno, Shinya] MIT, Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligennce Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Archer, M (reprint author), USN, Naval Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Code 5546, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM archer@itd.nrl.navy.mil; hongping@csail.mit.edu; lynch@csail.mit.edu; mitras@csail.mit.edu; umeno@csail.mit.edu FU AFOSR; ONR FX This research is funded by AFOSR and ONR NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0421-5 PY 2006 BP 129 EP + DI 10.1109/MEMCOD.2006.1695916 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BEY35 UT WOS:000240106600016 ER PT B AU Nguyen, TD Levin, TE Irvine, CE AF Nguyen, Thuy D. Levin, Timothy E. Irvine, Cynthia E. BE Cole, JL Wolthusen, SD TI High robustness requirements in a Common Criteria protection profile SO FOURTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INFORMATION ASSURANCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE International Workshop on Information Assurance CY APR 13-14, 2006 CL Royal Holloway, Univ London, Egham, ENGLAND SP IEEE Task Force Informat Assurance, ACM SIGSAC HO Royal Holloway, Univ London DE common criteria; separation kernel; high robustness; dynamic configuration; least privilege ID OPERATING-SYSTEMS AB The development of a Common Criteria protection profile for high-robustness separation kernels requires explicit modifications of several Common Criteria requirements as well as extrapolation from existing (e.g., medium robustness) guidance and decisions. The draft U.S. Government Protection Profile for Separation Kernels in Environments Requiring High Robustness (SKPP) is intended to be applicable to a class of products (the target of evaluation, or TOE) that includes, but is not limited to, real time and embedded systems. This paper describes certain SKPP concepts and requirements and provides underlying motivations and rationale for their inclusion in the SKPP. Primary areas of focus are the security requirements regarding information flow, dynamic configuration, and the application of the principle of least privilege to restrict actions of active entities. C1 [Nguyen, Thuy D.; Levin, Timothy E.; Irvine, Cynthia E.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Nguyen, TD (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM tdnguyen@nps.edu; levin@nps.edu; irvine@nps.edu FU SKPP authoring and management teams FX We would like to express our appreciation to the entire SKPP authoring and management teams for their support of the SKPP effort and especially Michael McEvilley for his technical insights. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2564-4 PY 2006 BP 66 EP + DI 10.1109/IWIA.2006.13 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BEH32 UT WOS:000237250400005 ER PT S AU Ngai, KL Casalini, R Capaccioli, S Paluch, M Roland, CM AF Ngai, Kia L. Casalini, Riccardo Capaccioli, Simone Paluch, Marian Roland, C. M. BE Coffey, WT Kalmykov, YP TI DISPERSION OF THE STRUCTURAL RELAXATION AND THE VITRIFICATION OF LIQUIDS SO FRACTALS, DIFFUSION, AND RELAXATION IN DISORDERED COMPLEX SYSTEMS, PART B SE Advances in Chemical Physics LA English DT Review ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; PHOTON-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; MISCIBLE POLYMER BLENDS; LOCAL SEGMENTAL MOTION; NEUTRON SPIN-ECHO; SUPERCOOLED PHENYLPHTHALEIN-DIMETHYLETHER; SPATIALLY HETEROGENEOUS DYNAMICS; TIME-TEMPERATURE SUPERPOSITION C1 [Ngai, Kia L.; Casalini, Riccardo; Roland, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Casalini, Riccardo] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA USA. [Capaccioli, Simone] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Capaccioli, Simone] Univ Pisa, INFM, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Capaccioli, Simone] Univ Roma La Sapienza, CNR, INFM, Ctr SOFT Complex Dynam Struct Syst, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Paluch, Marian] Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012 OI Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918 FU Office of Naval Research; I.N.F.M.; MIUR; Committee for Scientific Research (KBN) [IPO3B 075 28] FX The authors thanks all their collaborators in the works cited in this chapter. The work at the Naval Research Laboratory was supported by the Office of Naval Research, the work at the Universita di Pisa was supported by I.N.F.M. and by MIUR (Cofin2002), and the work at Silesian University was supported by the Polish Committee for Scientific Research (KBN) (Project 2005-2007; No IPO3B 075 28). NR 372 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0065-2385 BN 978-0-471-72508-4 J9 ADV CHEM PHYS JI Adv. Chem. Phys. PY 2006 VL 133 BP 497 EP 593 PN B PG 97 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BJK61 UT WOS:000266711700005 ER PT J AU Rancourt, RC Lee, RL O'Neill, HC Accurso, FJ White, CW AF Rancourt, Ray C. Lee, Rees L. O'Neill, Heidi C. Accurso, Frank J. White, Carl W. TI Pro-inflammatory impact of reduced thioredoxin on rat airways: Modulation by airway mucus SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine CY NOV 15-19, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. USN, Denver, CO USA. Childrens Hosp, Mike McMorris Cyst Fibrosis Res & Treatment Ctr, Denver, CO 80218 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2006 VL 41 SU 1 BP S15 EP S16 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 103OC UT WOS:000241895600034 ER PT S AU Restaino, SR Martinez, T Andrews, JR Wilcox, CC Santiago, F Romeo, R Martin, R AF Restaino, Sergio R. Martinez, Ty Andrews, Jonathan R. Wilcox, Christopher C. Santiago, Freddie Romeo, Robert Martin, Robert BE Mecherle, GS TI Ultra-light weight telescope coupled with portable AO system for laser communications applications - art. no. 61050M SO Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XVIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XVIII CY JAN 24-25, 2006 CL San Jose, CA AB In this paper we present some preliminary results of an ultra-light weight telescope manufactured entirely with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP), including the optics, coupled with a light weight Adaptive Optics (AO) system. This research has many scopes, ranging from long baseline interferometry to laser communications. In this paper we will examine some of the mechanical properties of the telescope and describe the testing that the system is undergoing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7216,3550 Aberdeen SE, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6147-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6105 BP M1050 EP M1050 AR 61050M DI 10.1117/12.647279 PG 7 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BEF93 UT WOS:000237168400018 ER PT S AU Rabinovich, WS Mahon, R Goetz, PG Swingen, L Murphy, J Ferraro, A Burris, R Suite, M Moore, CI Gilbreath, GC Binari, S AF Rabinovich, W. S. Mahon, R. Goetz, P. G. Swingen, L. Murphy, J. Ferraro, A. Burris, R. Suite, M. Moore, C. I. Gilbreath, G. C. Binari, S. BE Majumdar, AK Davis, CC TI 45 Mbps cat's eye modulating retro-reflector link over 7 km SO Free-Space Laser Communications VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communications VI CY AUG 15-17, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE modulating retro-reflector; retromodulator; free space optical communication; quantum well modulator; cat's eye ID SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS; QUANTUM; RETROREFLECTOR AB Modulating retro-reflectors (MRR) allow free space optical links with no need for pointing, tracking or a laser on one end of the link. They work by coupling a passive optical retro-reflector with an optical modulator. The most common kind of MRR uses a corner cube retro-reflector. These devices must have a modulator whose active area is as large as the area of the corner cube. This limits the ability to close longer range high speed links because the large aperture need to return sufficient light implies a large modulator capacitance. To overcome this limitation we developed the concept of a cat's eye MRR. Cat's eye MRRs place the modulator in the focal plane of a lens system designed to passively retro-reflect light. Because the light focuses onto the modulator, a small, low capacitance, modulator can be used with a large optical aperture. However, the position of the focal spot varies with the angle of incidence so an array of modulators must be placed in the focal plane, In addition, to avoid having to drive all the modulator pixels, an angle of arrival sensor must be used. We discuss several cat's eye MRR systems with near diffraction limited performance and bandwidths of 45 Mbps. We also discuss a link to a cat's eye MRR over a 7 Km range. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rabinovich, WS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6383-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6304 BP U177 EP U187 DI 10.1117/12.688407 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications GA BFI04 UT WOS:000241946400017 ER PT S AU Cristescu, R Mihailescu, IN Jelinek, M Chrisey, DB AF Cristescu, Rodica Mihailescu, I. N. Jelinek, M. Chrisey, D. B. BE Kassing, R Petkov, P Kulisch, W Popov, C TI Functionalized thin films and structures obtained by novel laser processing issues SO FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Functional Properties of Nanostructured Materials CY JUN 03-15, 2005 CL Sozopol, BULGARIA SP NATO Adv Study Inst, NATO Sci Comm DE surface and thin films functionalization; biomaterials; organic materials; matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation; matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct write ID MAPLE DIRECT WRITE; EVAPORATION MAPLE; MATRIX; DEPOSITION; POLYMER; BIOMATERIALS; GROWTH AB We review the successful deposition of functionalized thin films of a wide range of biomaterials: natural polysaccharides and derivates, chemoselective polymers, structural proteins, adhesive proteins analogs, and enzymes by Matrix Assisted Pulsed-Laser Evaporation (MAPLE), and active proteins and living cells by Direct Write Matrix Assisted Pulsed-Laser Evaporation (MAPLE DW). We demonstrate that the deposited thin films and structures are identical to the starting material, preserving their chemical structure and very likely their functionality and biologic activity. C1 [Cristescu, Rodica; Mihailescu, I. N.] Natl Inst Lasers Plasma & Radiat Phys, Lasers Dept, 409 Atomistilor,POB MG-36, RO-077125 Bucharest, Romania. [Jelinek, M.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Chrisey, D. B.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Cristescu, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Lasers Plasma & Radiat Phys, Lasers Dept, 409 Atomistilor,POB MG-36, RO-077125 Bucharest, Romania. EM rodica.cristescu@inflpr.ro RI Mihailescu, Ion/A-5403-2011; Cristescu, Rodica/F-1961-2010 OI Cristescu, Rodica/0000-0002-3092-6168 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-4593-X J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2006 VL 223 BP 211 EP + PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BEG23 UT WOS:000237200900015 ER PT S AU Doschek, GA AF Doschek, G. A. BE Gehrels, N Courvoisier, TJL Wilkes, B Diehl, R Williams, DR TI High-resolution X-ray spectra of solar flares SO GALACTIC AND EXTRAGALACTIC ASTROPHYSICS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE solar flares; X-ray spectra; EUV spectra ID BRAGG CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER; DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; EMISSION MEASURE; IRON SPECTRA; YOHKOH; ABUNDANCES; LINE; OSCILLATIONS; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS AB I discuss high-resolution solar flare soft X-ray spectra and also comment on some recent results from extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectroscopy. Spectra of solar flares at these wavelengths have been recorded since the late 1960s, beginning primarily with the NASA Orbiting Solar Observatory (OSO) series of spacecraft. Knowledge of EUV flare spectra took a quantum leap with the NASA Skylab Apollo Telescope Mount spectrographs in the early 1970s. Knowledge of the X-ray spectrum took a similar leap in the 1980s with the US Department of Defense P78-1 spacecraft, the NASA Solar Maximum Mission spacecraft (SMM), and the Japanese ISAS Hinotori spacecraft. Investigations of flare X-ray spectra continued with the Bragg Crystal Spectrometer (BCS) experiment on the Japanese Yohkoh mission. EUV solar flare spectroscopy has been extended with the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) spectrometer and the Coronal Diagnostics Spectrometer (CDS) on the ESA Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft. Recently, more Bragg crystal spectra have become available from experiments such as the RESIK spectrometers on the Russian Coronas-F spacecraft. In addition to the above missions, significant earlier contributions were made with instrumentation on a number of other spacecraft, e.g., the Soviet Intercosmos X-ray spectrometers. Our knowledge of the physical conditions in solar flares has been greatly expanded from analyses of X-ray and EUV flare spectra. I discuss the general characteristics of the flare emission line and continuum spectra, and the physical processes that produce them. I summarize what we have learned about solar flares from the spectra, and highlight a few problems and prospects for future solar flare research. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Doschek, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gdoschek@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012 NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2006 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1482 EP 1489 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.06.015 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BFW01 UT WOS:000245034500044 ER PT S AU Sylwester, J Sylwester, B Phillips, KJH Culhane, JL Brown, C Lang, J Stepanov, AI AF Sylwester, J. Sylwester, B. Phillips, K. J. H. Culhane, J. L. Brown, C. Lang, J. Stepanov, A. I. BE Gehrels, N Courvoisier, TJL Wilkes, B Diehl, R Williams, DR TI Analysis of potassium abundance in a large number of flares SO GALACTIC AND EXTRAGALACTIC ASTROPHYSICS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE sun; X-ray; spectra; abundance; potassium ID SOLAR; LINES; ARGON; RESIK AB An initial study of spectra observed in the shortest wavelength channel (3.40-3.80 angstrom) of the RESIK X-ray spectrometer on CORONA S-F indicates the presence of substantial flare-to-flare variations in the line-to-continuum ratio of several lines, in particular He-like potassium (K XVIII) lines, occurring in the range 3.53-3.57 angstrom The observed variations are larger than those expected from temperature variations. This has motivated a study of possible variations in the potassium abundance in the observed spectra. With a new RESIK calibration available, we have obtained absolute fluxes of the K XVIII resonance line as well as the continuum and lines observed in other RESIK channels (3.40-6.05 angstrom) for some 1163 intervals observed early in 2003. Analysis of these observations allowed us to determine the average absolute potassium abundance for the period studied and investigate the variability of abundance. The results obtained are presented and discussed. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Sylwester, J.; Sylwester, B.] Polish Acad Sci, Space Res Ctr, Kopernika 11, PL-51622 Wroclaw, Poland. [Phillips, K. J. H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Natl Res Council Senior Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Culhane, J. L.] Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Brown, C.] EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lang, J.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Dept Space Sci, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Stepanov, A. I.] Russian Acad Sci, IZMIRAN, R-142190 Troitsk, Russia. RP Sylwester, J (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Space Res Ctr, Kopernika 11, PL-51622 Wroclaw, Poland. EM js@cbk.pan.wroc.pl RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012 FU Polish Committee for Scientific Research [2.P03D.002.22, BPZ-KBN-054/P03/2001]; US National Research Council Research FX B.S. and J.S. acknowledge support from Grants 2.P03D.002.22 and BPZ-KBN-054/P03/2001 of the Polish Committee for Scientific Research. K.J.H.P. acknowledges support from the US National Research Council Research Associateship Program. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2006 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1490 EP + DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.08.026 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BFW01 UT WOS:000245034500045 ER PT S AU Wood, KS Kowalski, MP Cruddace, RG Barstow, MA AF Wood, K. S. Kowalski, M. P. Cruddace, R. G. Barstow, M. A. BE Gehrels, N Courvoisier, TJL Wilkes, B Diehl, R Williams, DR TI EUV spectroscopy in astrophysics: The role of compact objects SO GALACTIC AND EXTRAGALACTIC ASTROPHYSICS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE extreme ultraviolet; astrophysical spectroscopy; white dwarfs ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; DA WHITE-DWARFS; BLACK-HOLE BINARIES; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; RADIATIVE SHOCKS; NEUTRON-STAR; G191-B2B; PHOTOSPHERE; DISCOVERY; FEATURES AB The bulk of radiation from million-degree plasmas is emitted at EUV wavelengths. Such plasmas are ubiquitous in astrophysics, and examples include the atmospheres of white dwarfs, accretion phenomena in cataclysmic variables (CVs) and some active galactic nuclei (AGN), the coronae of active stars, and the interstellar medium (ISM) of our own galaxy as well as of others. Internally, white dwarfs are formally analogous to neutron stars, being stellar configurations where the thermal contribution to support is secondary. Both stellar types have various intrinsic and environmental parameters. Comparison of such analogous systems using scaled parameters can be fruitful. Source class characterization is mature enough that such analogies can be used to compare theoretical ideas across a wide dynamic range in parameters, one example being theories of quasiperiodic oscillations. However, the white dwarf side of this program is limited by the available photometry and spectroscopy at EUV wavelengths, where there exist critical spectral features that contain diagnostic information often not available at other wavelengths. Moreover, interstellar absorption makes EUV observations challenging. Results from an observation of the hot white dwarf G191-13213 are presented to demonstrate the promise of high-resolution EUV spectroscopy. Two types of CVs, exemplified by AM Her and EX Hya, are used to illustrate blending of spectroscopy and timing measurements. Dynamical 2 timescales and envisioned performance parameters of next-generation ELTV satellites (effective area > 20 cm(2), spectral resolution > 10,000) make possible a new level of source modeling. The importance of the EUV cannot be overlooked given that observations are continually being pushed to cosmological distances, where the spectral energy distributions of X-ray bright AGNs, for example, will have their maxima redshifted into the EUV. Sometimes wrongly dismissed for limitations of small bandwidth or local view from optical depth limitations, the EUV is instead a gold mine of information bearing upon key issues ill compact objects, but it is information that must be won through the triple combination of high-spectral resolution, large area, and application of advanced theory. (c) 2006 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wood, K. S.; Kowalski, M. P.; Cruddace, R. G.] USN, Res Lab, Code 7655,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Barstow, M. A.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP Kowalski, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7655,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Michael.Kowalski@Nrl.Navy.Mil RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2006 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1501 EP + DI 10.1016/j.asr.2006.02.043 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BFW01 UT WOS:000245034500047 ER PT S AU Sylwester, B Sylwester, J Siarkowski, M Phillips, KJH Culhane, JL Lang, J Brown, C Kuznetsov, VD AF Sylwester, B. Sylwester, J. Siarkowski, M. Phillips, K. J. H. Culhane, J. L. Lang, J. Brown, C. Kuznetsov, V. D. BE Gehrels, N Courvoisier, TJL Wilkes, B Diehl, R Williams, DR TI Lines in the range 3.2-6.1 angstrom observed in RESIK spectra SO GALACTIC AND EXTRAGALACTIC ASTROPHYSICS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE Sun; X-ray; spectra; line identification ID X-RAY-SPECTRA; PLASMA COMPOSITION; SOLAR-FLARES; SPECTROMETER; EMISSION AB RESIK is a Bragg bent crystal X-ray spectrometer on board the CORONAS-F satellite. Between 24 August 2002 and 22 May 2003 RESIK collected a large number of solar X-ray spectra in four energy bands covering the range 3.2-6.1 angstrom. A recent absolute calibration has allowed us to make detailed identification of observed spectral features, and from observed line and continuum fluxes to get temperature, emission measure, etc. The lines were identified using spectra averaged over periods of various solar activity levels. These averaged spectra contain a number of strong lines with transitions in H- and He-like ions of K, Ar, S and Si. Some of them are resonance parent lines and their satellites which were observed with other spectrometers and have been described elsewhere. Here, we report detection of several lines not previously observed in solar spectra, including lines of H-like and He-like S and Si ions with transitions Is-np and Is(2)-1snp, n up to 10. In addition we provide identification of the He-like Cl (CI x(VI)) triplet in the range 4.43-4.45 A. The feature at 4.182 angstrom, which is the wavelength of the H-like CI (CI x(VII)) Ly alpha line, is probably a blend of S x(IV) satellites from cooler plasma. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sylwester, B.; Sylwester, J.; Siarkowski, M.] Polish Acad Sci, Solar Phys Div, Ctr Space Res, Ul Kopernika 11, PL-51622 Wroclaw, Poland. [Phillips, K. J. H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Culhane, J. L.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Surrey, England. [Lang, J.] Space Sci & Technol Dept, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Chilton, England. [Brown, C.] Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kuznetsov, V. D.] Russian Acad Sci, IZMIRAN, Moscow, Russia. RP Sylwester, B (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Solar Phys Div, Ctr Space Res, Ul Kopernika 11, PL-51622 Wroclaw, Poland. EM bs@cbk.pan.wroc.pl RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012 FU Polish Committee for Scientific Research [2.P03D.002.22, BPZ-KBN-054/P03/2001] FX B.S, J.S. and M.S. acknowledge support from Grants 2.P03D.002.22 and BPZ-KBN-054/P03/2001 of the Polish Committee for Scientific Research. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2006 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1534 EP + DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.08.027 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BFW01 UT WOS:000245034500052 ER PT S AU Phillips, KJH Dubau, J Sylwester, J Sylwester, B Culhane, JL Doschek, GA Lang, J AF Phillips, K. J. H. Dubau, J. Sylwester, J. Sylwester, B. Culhane, J. L. Doschek, G. A. Lang, J. BE Gehrels, N Courvoisier, TJL Wilkes, B Diehl, R Williams, DR TI Temperature-sensitive line ratio diagnostics based on Si satellite-to-resonance line ratios for 1s(2)-1snp transitions SO GALACTIC AND EXTRAGALACTIC ASTROPHYSICS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE sun; X-ray; spectra ID EMISSION-LINES; SOLAR; POTASSIUM; ARGON; RESIK AB Dielectronic satellite lines due to 1s(2)n'l' - 1snpn'l' (n = 3,4) transitions in Li-like Si (Si XII) occur at 5.818 and 5.565 angstrom, on the long wavelength side of the He-like Si (Si XIII) 1s(2) - 1s3p and 1s(2) - 1s4p lines at 5.681 and 5.384 angstrom, respectively. They have been extensively observed with the RESIK crystal spectrometer on the Russian spacecraft CORONAS-F. As with corresponding satellites 1s(2)nl-ls2pn1 on the long-wavelength side of the Si XIII 1s(2)-1s2p resonance line, there is an inverse temperature dependence of the intensity ratio of the satellites to the He-like ion lines (I-sat/I-He). New atomic data are used to calculate the Si XII satellite line intensities and thus the I-sat/I-He ratio. RESIK observations of the ratio in solar flares, together with temperatures from the ratio of the two GOES X-ray channels, are compared with theoretical variation of the ratio with temperature. The good agreement indicates this to be a valuable temperature diagnostic for solar flares and laboratory plasmas such as tokamaks. There are implications for similar satellites in Fe line spectra which are observed with broad-band resolution by the RHESSI solar flare mission. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Phillips, K. J. H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Natl Res Council, Code 612, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dubau, J.] Observ Paris, Meudon Sect, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Sylwester, J.; Sylwester, B.] Polish Acad Sci, Space Res Ctr, Wroclaw, Poland. [Culhane, J. L.] Mullard Space Sci Lab, Surrey, England. [Doschek, G. A.] Hullburt Ctr Space Res, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lang, J.] Dept Space Sci, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot, Oxon, England. RP Phillips, KJH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Natl Res Council, Code 612, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Kenneth.J.Phillips.1@gsfc.nasa.gov FU Polish Committee for Scientific Research [2.P03D.002.22, BPZ-KBN-054/P03/2001]; US National Research Council Research FX B.S., J.S. and M.S. acknowledge support from Grants 2.P03D.002.22 and BPZ-KBN-054/P03/2001 of the Polish Committee for Scientific Research. K.J.H.P. acknowledges support from the US National Research Council Research Associateship Program. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2006 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1543 EP + DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.08.025 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BFW01 UT WOS:000245034500054 ER PT S AU LaRosa, TN Shore, SN Joseph, T Lazio, W Kassim, NE AF LaRosa, T. N. Shore, S. N. Joseph, T. Lazio, W. Kassim, Namir E. BE Schodel, R Bower, GC Muno, MP Nayakshin, S Ott, T TI The strength and structure of the galactic center magnetic field SO GALACTIC CENTER WORKSHOP 2006: FROM THE CENTER OF THE MILKY WAY TO NEARBY LOW-LUMINOSITY GALACTIC NUCLEI SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Galactic Center Workshop From the Center of the Milky Way to Nearby Low-Luminosity Galactic Nuclei CY APR 18-22, 2006 CL Bad Honnef, GERMANY ID CENTER REGION; NONTHERMAL FILAMENTS; HONEYCOMB NEBULA; LINEAR FILAMENTS; IONIZATION RATE; RAY EMISSION; CLOUDS; DISCOVERY; IMAGE AB This paper summarizes recently obtained, strong evidence for a weak global field in the Galactic center (GC): the existence of a large-scale region of diffuse, low-frequency, nonthermal emission coincident with the central molecular zone. The overall energetics of this emission, considered along with constraints on CC cosmic ray energy density and diffusion, indicate clearly that the magnetic field pervading this region is similar to 10 mu G. For completeness, additional points on the orientation of the GC nonthermal filaments, rotation measures of extragalactic sources seen through the GC, and comparison with other normal spiral galaxies are also reviewed. C1 [LaRosa, T. N.] Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, 1000 Chastain Rd, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. [Shore, S. N.] Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis Enrico Fermi, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Joseph, T.; Lazio, W.; Kassim, Namir E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP LaRosa, TN (reprint author), Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, 1000 Chastain Rd, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. EM ted@avatar.kennesaw.edu FU Office of Naval Research FX TNL thanks the INFN PISA and the Kennesaw State Univ. Foundation for travel support. Basic research in radio astronomy at the NRL is supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2006 VL 54 BP 10 EP + DI 10.1088/174-6596/54/1/002 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGD82 UT WOS:000246202100002 ER PT S AU Lazio, J Deneva, JS Bower, GC Cordes, JM Hyman, SD Backer, DC Bhat, R Chatterjee, S Demorest, P Ransom, SM Vlemmings, W AF Lazio, Joseph Deneva, J. S. Bower, Geoffrey C. Cordes, J. M. Hyman, Scott D. Backer, D. C. Bhat, R. Chatterjee, S. Demorest, P. Ransom, S. M. Vlemmings, W. BE Schodel, R Bower, GC Muno, MP Nayakshin, S Ott, T TI Radio pulsars and transients in the Galactic center SO GALACTIC CENTER WORKSHOP 2006: FROM THE CENTER OF THE MILKY WAY TO NEARBY LOW-LUMINOSITY GALACTIC NUCLEI SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Galactic Center Workshop From the Center of the Milky Way to Nearby Low-Luminosity Galactic Nuclei CY APR 18-22, 2006 CL Bad Honnef, GERMANY ID SAGITTARIUS-A AB Radio pulsars and transients provide powerful probes of the star formation history, interstellar medium, and gravitational potential of the Galactic center. Historical radio observations of the Galactic center have not emphasized the time domain aspect of observing this region. We summarize a series of recent searches for and observations of radio transients and pulsars that make use of two advances in technology. The first is the formation of large fields of view (>= 1 degrees) at relatively longer wavelengths (lambda > 1 m), and the second is the construction of receivers and instruments capable of collecting data on microsecond time scales at relatively short wavelengths (approximate to 3 cm). C1 Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lazio, J (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Joseph.Lazio@nrl.navy.mil OI Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714; /0000-0002-2700-9916 FU Research Corporation; Office of Naval Research FX SDH is supported by the Research Corporation. Basic research in radio astronomy at the NRL is supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2006 VL 54 BP 110 EP + DI 10.1088/174-6596/54/1/019 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGD82 UT WOS:000246202100019 ER PT S AU Dermer, CD AF Dermer, Charles D. BE Holt, SS Gehrels, N Nousek, JA TI External shock interactions of GRB blast waves and the Swift observations SO Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Swift Era SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Astrophysics Conference CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Maryland, Gen Dynam DE gamma-ray bursts; jets ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; LIGHT CURVES; AFTERGLOWS; SPECTRA AB Detailed calculations of radiation from a GRB blast wave that impacts a stationary cloud, including emission from both forward and reverse shocks, are presented. These results are used to determine whether the Swift observations are explained by a prompt explosion or an active central engine. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0326-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 836 BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BEM37 UT WOS:000238125000015 ER PT B AU Wiegand, RP Potter, MA AF Wiegand, R. Paul Potter, Mitchell A. BE Keijzer, M TI Robustness in cooperative coevolution SO GECCO 2006: GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION CONFERENCE, VOL 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP ACM SIGEVO DE robustness; coevolutionary algorithms; cooperative coevolution; compositional systems AB Though recent analysis of traditional cooperative coevolutionary algorithms (CCEAs) casts doubt on their suitability for static optimization tasks, our experience is that the algorithms perform quite well in multiagent learning settings. This is due in part because many CCEAs may be quite suitable to finding behaviors for team members that result in good (though not necessarily optimal) performance but which are also robust to changes in other team members. Given this, there are two main goals of this paper. First, we describe a general framework for clearly defining robustness, offering a specific definition for our studies. Second, we examine the hypothesis that CCEAs exploit this robustness property during their search. We use an existing theoretical model to gain intuition about the kind of problem properties that attract populations in the system, then provide a simple empirical study justifying this intuition in a practical setting. The results are the first steps toward a constructive view of CCEAs as optimizers of robustness. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wiegand, RP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul@tesseract.org; mpotter@aic.nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-186-3 PY 2006 BP 369 EP 376 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BGR10 UT WOS:000249917300057 ER PT J AU Thomason, B Read, TD AF Thomason, B Read, TD TI Shuffling bacterial metabolomes SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER; GENOME; EVOLUTION AB Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has a far more significant role than gene duplication in bacterial evolution. This has recently been illustrated by work demonstrating the importance of HGT in the emergence of bacterial metabolic networks, with horizontally acquired genes being placed in peripheral pathways at the outer branches of the networks. C1 USN, Biol Def Res Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Read, TD (reprint author), USN, Biol Def Res Directorate, Med Res Ctr, 12300 Washington Ave, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM readt@nmrc.navy.mil RI Read, Timothy/E-6240-2011 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1474-7596 J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2006 VL 7 IS 2 AR 204 DI 10.1186/gb-2006-7-2-204 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 039IF UT WOS:000237298500003 PM 16522219 ER PT S AU Halthore, RN Shettle, EP Markham, BL Mango, SA AF Halthore, R. N. Shettle, E. P. Markham, B. L. Mango, S. A. BE Mango, SA Navalgund, RR Yasuoka, Y TI Role of aerosol absorption in vicarious calibration of satellite sensors - art. no. 64070F SO GEOSS and NEXT - Generation Sensors and Missions SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on GEOSS and Next-Generation Sensors and Missions CY NOV 13-14, 2006 CL Goa, INDIA SP SPIE, Int Soc Opt Engn, Indian Space Res Org, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, NASA, Natl Atmospher & Oceanic Adm, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Natl Inst Oceanog, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off Sci & Technol Corporat, Chinese Natl Comm Remote Sensing, Chinese Soc Oceanog, Council Sci & Ind Res, Dept Ocean Dev, Dept Sci & Technol, India Meteorol Dept, Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, NASA, Sci Mission Directorate, Natl Ctr Antarct Oceanog Res, Natl Environm Satellite, Data & Informat Serv, State Oceanic Adm DE aerosol absorption; vicarious calibration; VIIRS AB Absolute sensor calibration is the basis on which measured radiance from multiple sensors can be compared with each other or with time. Despite the increasing sophistication and reliability of on-board satellite sensor calibration systems, vicarious (or ground-look) calibration methods remain an important component of calibration validation. These methods, particularly the surface reflectance method, typically involve intensive measurements, at the time of satellite over-flight, of the surface and atmospheric properties (such as, surface reflectance and temperature, atmospheric pressure, water vapor and temperature profiles, and aerosol optical properties) that are ideally uniform, stable, and well defined. Such conditions are found, for example, in the desert southwest of the United States or in the atmosphere above high altitude lakes. A key measurement that has been often neglected and one that is becoming increasingly important due to rapid industrialization of developing countries, is the single scattering albedo of aerosols a measure of the fraction of light that is scattered from the total amount extinguished from the direct beam; typical values range from close to 1 to 0.8 or lower for highly absorbing aerosols. It is obtained from a measurement of aerosol absorption for which many techniques are available. The error in the measurement of absorptance disproportionately impacts the error in the scattered radiance as seen by the remote sensor. Here we describe the sensitivity of sensor calibration to aerosol absorption and illustrate why it should be an important measurement in the field calibration campaigns, including those planned for the next generation satellites of the US National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Halthore, RN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Markham, Brian/M-4842-2013 OI Markham, Brian/0000-0002-9612-8169 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6514-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6407 BP F4070 EP F4070 AR 64070F DI 10.1117/12.694447 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BFW45 UT WOS:000245101600009 ER PT S AU Kahrobaei, D Khan, B AF Kahrobaei, Delaram Khan, Bilal GP IEEE TI A Non-Commutative Generalization of ElGamal Key Exchange using Polycyclic Groups SO GLOBECOM 2006 - 2006 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 06) CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Commun Soc (ComSoc) AB In this paper, we propose a non-commutative key-exchange scheme which generalizes the classical ElGamal Cipher to polycyclic groups. We describe the criteria for groups which would provide good candidates for such cryptosystems, we also examine the complexity of the decision problems related to these key exchange. C1 [Kahrobaei, Delaram] Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Khan, Bilal] ITT Indust, Adv Engn & Sci, Ctr Computat Sci, US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Khan, Bilal] City Univ New York, CUNY John Jay Coll Criminal Justice, New York, NY 10017 USA. RP Kahrobaei, D (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-0356-1 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2006 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BUC00 UT WOS:000288765601101 ER PT S AU DiVittorio, M Pentland, G Harris, K AF DiVittorio, Michael Pentland, Gordon Harris, Kevin BE Stepp, LM TI The feasibility of replacing the US Naval Observatory's 61" astrometric reflector with a 3.5 m telescope - art. no. 62673I SO Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes CY MAY 24-31, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Astron Soc, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, European SE Observ, Opt Infrared Coordinat Network, Particle Phys & Astron Res Council, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Univ Florida, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon DE astrometry; equatorial mount; telescope replacement AB The USNO 61" (1.55 m) astrometric reflector was state-of-the-art when it entered service in 1964. However, with a relatively small aperture, it now has limited research capability because it can not observe faint objects. The current facility, including dome and pier, offers significant resources upon which to build a larger telescope. Preliminary estimates indicate that a 3.5 m telescope could be retro-fitted into the dome at a cost of similar to$10-15 million; about half the cost of building on a new site. USNO has contracted with an engineering firm to perform a feasibility study of such a telescope upgrade, the results of which are summarized. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP DiVittorio, M (reprint author), USN Observ, 10391 Naval Observ Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6332-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6267 BP I2673 EP I2673 AR 62673I DI 10.1117/12.673064 PN 1&2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BEX64 UT WOS:000240018600117 ER PT S AU Zacharias, N Laux, U Rakich, A Epps, H AF Zacharias, Norbert Laux, Uwe Rakich, Andrew Epps, Harland BE Stepp, LM TI URAT: astrometric requirements and design history - art. no. 62670P SO Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes CY MAY 24-31, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Astron Soc, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, European SE Observ, Opt Infrared Coordinat Network, Particle Phys & Astron Res Council, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Univ Florida, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon DE optics design; astrometry; wide-field; sky-survey; URAT; USNO ID DIFFRACTION AB The U.S. Naval Observatory Robotic Astrometric Telescope (URAT) project aims at a highly accurate (5 mas), ground-based, all-sky survey. Requirements are presented for the optics and telescope for this 0.85 m aperture, 4.5 degree diameter field-of-view, specialized instrument, which are close to the capability of the industry. The history of the design process is presented as well as astrometric performance evaluations of the toleranced, optical design, with expected wavefront errors included. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Zacharias, N (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Mass Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6332-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6267 BP P2670 EP P2670 AR 62670P DI 10.1117/12.670914 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BEX64 UT WOS:000240018600024 ER PT S AU Andrews, JR Penado, FE Broome, ST Wilcox, CC Restaino, SR Martinez, T Teare, SW Santiago, F AF Andrews, Jonathan R. Penado, F. Ernesto Broome, Scott T. Wilcox, Christopher C. Restaino, Sergio R. Martinez, Ty Teare, Scott W. Santiago, Freddie BE Stepp, LM TI Characterization of the lightweight telescope developed for the NPOI - art. no. 62673Q SO Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes CY MAY 24-31, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Astron Soc, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, European SE Observ, Opt Infrared Coordinat Network, Particle Phys & Astron Res Council, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Univ Florida, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon DE lightweight; telescope; carbon fiber; telescope optics; telescope characterization; instrumentation AB A 0.4 meter lightweight telescope has been developed as a prototype for a future 1.4 meter telescope to be implemented at the Naval Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI). Using carbon fiber construction for all components, including optics, an order of magnitude reduction in weight is easily obtainable, with the estimated weight of the 1.4 meter telescope being less than 300 pounds. However, lightweight composite materials traditionally offer certain drawbacks, such as different material behavior and vibration characteristics from conventional materials and difficulty in obtaining optical surface quality. This paper describes the characterization of the mechanical properties of the advanced materials used in the construction of these telescopes and includes measurements of the optical figure obtained with carbon fiber construction. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Andrews, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7215,3550 Aberdeen SE, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6332-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6267 BP Q2673 EP Q2673 AR 62673Q DI 10.1117/12.672565 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BEX64 UT WOS:000240018600125 ER PT S AU Ghabcheloo, R Pascoal, A Silvestre, C Kaminer, I AF Ghabcheloo, R. Pascoal, A. Silvestre, C. Kaminer, I. BE Pettersen, KY Gravdahl, JT Nijmeijer, H TI Coordinated path following control of multiple vehicles subject to bidirectional communication constraints SO GROUP COORDINATION AND COOPERATIVE CONTROL SE Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Group Coordination and Cooperative Control CY MAY 28-30, 2006 CL Tromso, NORWAY SP Strateg Univ Programme Computat Methods Mot Control, Ctr Ships & Ocean Struct, Norsk Hydro Fond, NTNU, Dept Engn Cybernet AB The paper addresses the problem of making a set of vehicles follow a a set of given spatial paths at required speeds, while ensuring that they reach and maintain a desired formation pattern. Problems of this kind arise in a number of practical applications involving ground and underwater robots. The paper summarizes and brings together in a unified framework previous results obtained by the authors for wheeled robots and fully actuated underwater vehicles. The decentralized solution proposed does not require the concept of a leader and applies to a very general class of paths. Furthermore, it addresses explicitly the dynamics of the vehicles and the constraints imposed by the inter-vehicle bi-directional communications network. The theoretical machinery used brings together Lyapunov-based techniques and graph theory. With the set-up proposed, path following (in space) and inter-vehicle coordination (in time) can be viewed as essentially decoupled. Path following for each vehicle is formulated in terms of driving a conveniently defined generalized error vector to zero; vehicle coordination is achieved by adjusting the speed of each vehicle along its particular path, based on information on the position and speed of a number of neighboring vehicles, as determined by the communications topology adopted. The paper presents the problem formulation and summarizes its solution. Simulations with dynamics models of a wheeled robot and an underwater vehicle illustrate the efficacy of the solution proposed. C1 Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Syst & Robot, Inst Super Tecn, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ghabcheloo, R (reprint author), Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Syst & Robot, Inst Super Tecn, Av Rovisco Pais, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. EM reza@isr.ist.utl.pt; antonio@isr.ist.utl.pt; cjs@isr.ist.utl.pt; kaminer@nps.navy.edu RI Silvestre, Carlos/F-9189-2010; OI Silvestre, Carlos/0000-0002-5096-5527; PASCOAL, ANTONIO /0000-0002-0657-6671 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0170-8643 BN 3-540-33468-8 J9 LECT NOTES CONTR INF PY 2006 VL 336 BP 93 EP 111 PG 19 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BFC67 UT WOS:000241002300006 ER PT S AU Wood, KS AF Wood, Kent S. BE Jolly, SD Culp, RD TI The NRL progam in X-ray navigation SO Guidance and Control 2006 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Guidance and Control Conference CY FEB 04-08, 2006 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Rocky Mt Sect AB X-ray navigation is the use of celestial X-ray sources for measurement of navigational parameters, such as position, attitude, and time. It derives from X-ray astrophysics and sensor technology for X-rays. The X-ray astronomy group at NRL, in existence for more than five decades, has been consistently encouraged to pursue applications of X-ray sensors in space, including navigation. The Unconventional Stellar Aspect (USA) experiment was a multi-purpose experiment incorporating an X-ray sensor viewing celestial sources. Its objectives included both basic research in X-ray astronomy and exploration of applications such as attitude determination, position determination and timekeeping, by taking advantage of astrophysical understanding of the celestial X-ray sources accumulated through research. A further feature was that the experiment included a testbed devoted to the study of methods for reliable computing in space. The experiment was launched from Vandenberg AFB, CA aboard the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS) on 23 February 1999. Related issues pertaining to atmospheric neutral density measurements were also investigated. Subsequent to USA, the NRL group has pursued a follow-on experiment called the Silicon X-ray Imager (SIXI), that can extend the accomplishments of USA toward improved functionality with more flexible and robust instrumentation, while achieving more compact packaging appropriate to use in navigational systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wood, KS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-877-03532-6 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2006 VL 125 BP 73 EP 82 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BFK34 UT WOS:000242467400006 ER PT J AU Simon-Arndt, CM Hurtado, SL Patriarca-Troyk, LA AF Simon-Arndt, C. M. Hurtado, S. L. Patriarca-Troyk, L. A. TI Acceptance of web-based personalized feedback: User ratings of an alcohol misuse prevention program targeting US Marines SO HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID DRINKING COLLEGE-STUDENTS; PARALLEL PROCESS MODEL; BINGE DRINKING; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; FEAR APPEALS; INTERVENTION; DRINKERS; CONSUMPTION; MESSAGE; PROJECT AB The use of Web-based programs for a variety of health education, risk reduction, and health promotion purposes can be a valuable tool in the effort to improve the health of a population. Providing theory-based personalized feedback through such a method can be particularly useful in alcohol misuse prevention efforts. A brief alcohol use feedback program was developed for members of the U.S. Marine Corps, and user-satisfaction ratings were collected from 167 participants. Approximately 44% of the sample found the program to be useful or very useful, and 46% of the sample reported that they were likely or very likely to recommend the Web site to others. The Web-based format with tailored responses was preferred by 85% of respondents over other more traditional methods of alcohol training, and 80% of participants felt that the feedback was appropriate for Marines in their community. Significantly higher usefulness, likelihood of recommending the program to others, and overall ratings of the program were reported among younger and nonheavy-drinking participants (p < .05). Results indicate that this computerized assessment and feedback program is a promising mechanism with which to provide personalized alcohol misuse prevention information. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Simon-Arndt, CM (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM simonarndt@nhrc.navy.mil NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 1041-0236 J9 HEALTH COMMUN JI Health Commun. PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.1207/s15327027hc2001_2 PG 10 WC Communication; Health Policy & Services SC Communication; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 067EL UT WOS:000239284400002 PM 16813485 ER PT S AU Nichols, JM Trickey, ST Seaver, M Pecora, DL AF Nichols, Jonathan M. Trickey, Stephen T. Seaver, Mark Pecora, Daniel L. BE Kundu, T TI Identifying delamination in an experimental composite UAV wing subject to ambient gust loading - art. no. 617704 SO Health Monitoring and Smart Nondestructive Evaluation of Structural and Biological Systems V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring and Smart Nondestructive Evaluation of Structural and Biological Systems V CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 2006 CL San Diego, CA DE structural health monitoring; transfer entropy; surrogate data; nonlinearity; fiber optic sensors AB Vibration-based structural health monitoring has largely considered applied excitations as the primary means of inducing structural vibration. Here we consider how ambient vibrations might be used to assess the level of damage in a composite UAV wing. The wing consists of a foam core and a carbon fiber skin. We subject the wing to various amounts of impact damage in order to cause internal delaminations. The wing is then excited using a gust loading waveform in an effort to simulate the forcing the wing is expected to see in flight. We then use a probabilistic description of the structure's dynamics to assess the level of damage-induced nonlinearity in the wing. The approach is capable of making the diagnosis in the absence of a representative baseline data set from the "healthy" wing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6230-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6177 BP 17704 EP 17704 AR 617704 DI 10.1117/12.659241 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Civil; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BEO66 UT WOS:000238482700004 ER PT S AU Tremper, DE Burnett, KP Malloy, AR Wert, R AF Tremper, David E. Burnett, Kevin P. Malloy, Andrew R. Wert, Robert BE Brown, RW Marasco, PL Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Immersive Input Display Device (I2D2) for tactical information viewing - art. no. 62240T SO Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays XI: Technologies and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays XI CY APR 17-18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE heads-up display; military; tactical; VGA display; daylight readable; light leakage; display illumination AB Daylight readability of hand-held displays has been an ongoing issue for both commercial and military applications. In an effort to reduce the effects of ambient light on the readability of military displays, the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) began investigating and developing advanced hand-held displays. Analysis and research of display technologies with consideration for vulnerability to environmental conditions resulted in the complete design and fabrication of the hand-held Immersive Input Display Device (I2D2) monocular. The I2D2 combines an Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) SVGA+ micro-display developed by eMagin Corporation with an optics configuration inside a cylindrical housing. A rubber pressure-eyecup allows view ability only when the eyecup is depressed, eliminating light from both entering and leaving the device. This feature allows the I2D2 to be used during the day, while not allowing ambient light to affect the readability. It simultaneously controls light leakage, effectively eliminating the illumination, and thus preserving the tactical position, of the user in the dark. This paper will examine the characteristics and introduce the design of the I2D2. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tremper, DE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6280-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6224 BP T2240 EP T2240 AR 62240T DI 10.1117/12.670413 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BES62 UT WOS:000239305200025 ER PT S AU Abe, DK Pershing, DE Nguyen, KT Wood, FN Myers, RE Eisen, EL Cusick, M Levush, B AF Abe, DK Pershing, DE Nguyen, KT Wood, FN Myers, RE Eisen, EL Cusick, M Levush, B BE Abe, DK Nusinovich, GS TI Experimental performance of the NRL 8-beam, 4-cavity multiple-beam klystron (abstract) SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY JUN 13-17, 2005 CL Kalamata, GREECE SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stanford Univ, Univ Calif, Davis, Univ Maryland, US DOE ID S-BAND; ELECTRON-GUN; DESIGN C1 USN, Res Lab, Code 6840,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ATK Miss Res, Newington, VA 22122 USA. Beam Wave Res Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. Commun Power Ind Inc, Microwave Power Prod Div, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 6840,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0298-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 807 BP 80 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BDR87 UT WOS:000235149700008 ER PT S AU Levush, B AF Levush, B BE Abe, DK Nusinovich, GS TI Recent developments in advanced design codes for vacuum electronic devices SO High Energy Density and High Power RF SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY JUN 13-17, 2005 CL Kalamata, GREECE SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stanford Univ, Univ Calif, Davis, Univ Maryland, US DOE ID TRAVELING-WAVE TUBES; SPACE-CHARGE FIELDS; BAND HELIX TWT; SIMULATION; AMPLIFIER; CHRISTINE; MAGY; GUN C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Levush, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6840, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0298-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 807 BP 285 EP 291 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BDR87 UT WOS:000235149700037 ER PT S AU Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Gai, W Power, JG Konecny, R Jing, C Tantawi, SG Nantista, CD Hu, Y Du, X Tang, C Lin, Y Bruce, RW Bruce, RL Fliflet, AW Lewis, D AF Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Gai, W Power, JG Konecny, R Jing, C Tantawi, SG Nantista, CD Hu, Y Du, X Tang, C Lin, Y Bruce, RW Bruce, RL Fliflet, AW Lewis, D BE Abe, DK Nusinovich, GS TI Development of a dielectric-loaded accelerator test facility based on an x-band magnicon amplifier (abstract) SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY JUN 13-17, 2005 CL Kalamata, GREECE SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stanford Univ, Univ Calif, Davis, Univ Maryland, US DOE C1 Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. LET Corp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RWBruce Associates Inc, Arnold, MD 21012 USA. Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bruce, Robert/F-6548-2016 OI Bruce, Robert/0000-0002-5574-5603 FU U.S. Office of High Energy Physics; U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Office of Naval Research FX Work supported by U.S. Office of High Energy Physics, U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0298-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 807 BP 407 EP 407 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BDR87 UT WOS:000235149700052 ER PT S AU Vikharev, AL Ivanov, OA Gorbachev, AM Isaev, VA Kuzikov, SV Koldanov, VA Lobaev, MA Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Nezhevenko, OA Hirshfield, JL Tantawi, S Nantista, C AF Vikharev, AL Ivanov, OA Gorbachev, AM Isaev, VA Kuzikov, SV Koldanov, VA Lobaev, MA Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Nezhevenko, OA Hirshfield, JL Tantawi, S Nantista, C BE Abe, DK Nusinovich, GS TI Experiments on active RF pulse compressors using plasma switches SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY JUN 13-17, 2005 CL Kalamata, GREECE SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stanford Univ, Univ Calif, Davis, Univ Maryland, US DOE DE magnicon; active RF pulse compression; resonator; plasma switch AB Summarized results obtained in several experiments on active RF pulse compression at X-band using the Omega-P/NRL magnicon are presented. In these experiments RF energy is stored in two parallel-fed resonators and then discharged using switches activated with rapidly-fired plasma discharge tubes. New results with both transmission and reflection switches are reported, with peak power gains in the range of 8-10. The application of developed plasma switches for an electrically controlled switching of an existing passive pulse compressor SLED-II for increasing its efficiency is discussed. The low-power test of the plasma switch with a 35 in SLED-II delay line is described. C1 Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. Omega P Inc, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. LET Corp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. RI Nusinovich, Gregory/C-1314-2017 OI Nusinovich, Gregory/0000-0002-8641-5156 FU US Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0298-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 807 BP 463 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BDR87 UT WOS:000235149700060 ER PT J AU Zutic, I Fabian, J Erwin, SC AF Zutic, I Fabian, J Erwin, SC TI Bipolar spintronics: Fundamentals and applications SO IBM JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Review ID DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; ELECTRICAL SPIN INJECTION; III-V SEMICONDUCTORS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; FERROMAGNETIC-SEMICONDUCTOR; OPTICAL ORIENTATION; NONMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; EQUILIBRIUM ELECTRONS; CARRIER TRANSPORT; ROOM-TEMPERATURE AB By incorporating spin-dependent properties and magnetism in semiconductor structures, new applications can be considered which go beyond magnetoresistive effects in metallic systems. Notwithstanding the prospects for spin/magnetism logic in semiconductors, many important theoretical, experimental, and materials challenges remain. Here we discuss the challenges for realizing a particular class associated applications and our proposal for bipolar spintronic devices in which carriers of both polarities (electrons and holes) would contribute to spin-charge coupling. We formulate the theoretical framework for bipolar spin-polarized transport and describe several novel effects in two- and three-terminal structures which arise from the interplay between nonequilibrium spin and equilibrium magnetization. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zutic, I (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM zigor@bufialo.edu; jaroslav.fabian@physik.uni-regensburg.de; Steven.Erwin@nrl.navy.mil RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009 NR 135 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 31 PU IBM CORP PI ARMONK PA 1 NEW ORCHARD ROAD, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 0018-8646 J9 IBM J RES DEV JI IBM J. Res. Dev. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 50 IS 1 BP 121 EP 139 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 008WT UT WOS:000235072100010 ER PT B AU Smith, JF Nguyen, TH AF Smith, James F., III Nguyen, ThanhVu H. GP INSTICC TI Fuzzy logic based UAV allocation and coordination SO ICINCO 2006: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics: INTELLIGENT CONTROL SYSTEMS AND OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics CY AUG 01-05, 2006 CL Setubal Coll Business Adm, Setubal, PORTUGAL SP Inst Syst & Technol Informat Control & Commun, Polytech Inst Setubal, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Amer Assoc Artificial Intelligence, AgentLink, ACM SIGAI, Portuguese Assoc Automat Control HO Setubal Coll Business Adm DE decision support systems; distributed control systems; fuzzy control; knowledge-based systems applications; software agents for intelligent control systems AB A fuzzy logic resource allocation algorithm that enables a collection of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to automatically cooperate will be discussed. The goal of the UAVs' coordinated effort is to measure the atmospheric index of refraction. Once in flight no human intervention is required. A fuzzy logic based planning algorithm determines the optimal trajectory and points each UAV will sample, while taking into account the UAVs' risk, risk tolerance, reliability, and mission priority for sampling in certain regions. It also considers fuel limitations, mission cost, and related uncertainties. The real-time fuzzy control algorithm running on each UAV renders the UAVs autonomous allowing them to change course immediately without consulting with any commander, requests other UAVs to help, and change the points that will be sampled when observing interesting phenomena. Simulations show the ability of the control algorithm to allow UAVs to effectively cooperate to increase the UAV team's likelihood of success. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INSTICC-INST SYST TECHNOLOGIES INFORMATION CONTROL & COMMUNICATION PI SETUBAL PA AVENIDA D MANUEL L, 27A 2 ESQUERDO, SETUBAL, 2910-595, PORTUGAL BN 972-8865-59-7 PY 2006 BP 9 EP 18 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BFH85 UT WOS:000241941300009 ER PT B AU Smith, JF Nguyen, TH AF Smith, James F., III Nguyen, ThanhVu H. TI Evolutionary data mining approach to creating digital logic SO ICINCO 2006: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics: SIGNAL PROCESSING, SYSTEMS MODELING AND CONTROL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics CY AUG 01-05, 2006 CL Setubal Coll Business Adm, Setubal, PORTUGAL SP Inst Syst & Technol Informat Control & Commun, Polytech Inst Setubal, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Amer Assoc Artificial Intelligence, AgentLink, ACM SIGAI, Portuguese Assoc Automat Control HO Setubal Coll Business Adm DE optimization problems in signal processing; signal reconstruction; system identification; time series and system modeling AB A data mining based procedure for automated reverse engineering has been developed. The data mining algorithm for reverse engineering uses a genetic program (GP) as a data mining function. A genetic program is an algorithm based on the theory of evolution that automatically evolves populations of computer programs or mathematical expressions, eventually selecting one that is optimal in the sense it maximizes a measure of effectiveness, referred to as a fitness function. The system to be reverse engineered is typically a sensor. Design documents for the sensor are not available and conditions prevent the sensor from being taken apart. The sensor is used to create a database of input signals and output measurements. Rules about the likely design properties of the sensor are collected from experts. The rules are used to create a fitness not only the experts' rules into the fitness function, but also the information in the database. The information extracted through this process is the internal design specifications of the sensor. Significant mathematical formalism and experimental results related to GP based data mining for reverse engineering will be provided. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INSTICC-INST SYST TECHNOLOGIES INFORMATION CONTROL & COMMUNICATION PI SETUBAL PA AVENIDA D MANUEL L, 27A 2 ESQUERDO, SETUBAL, 2910-595, PORTUGAL BN 972-8865-61-9 PY 2006 BP 107 EP 113 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Operations Research & Management Science; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Robotics GA BFI68 UT WOS:000242041300023 ER PT B AU Barbu, C Lohrenz, M Layne, G AF Barbu, Costin Lohrenz, Maura Layne, Geary BE Wani, A Li, T Kurgan, L Ye, J Liu, Y TI Intelligent electronic navigational aids: A new approach SO ICMLA 2006: 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MACHINE LEARNING AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications CY DEC 14-16, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Assoc Machine Learning & Applicat, Calif State Univ Bakersfield, Armstrong Atlantic State Univ, Florida Int Univ, IEEE, Univ Louisville ID CLASSIFIER FUSION AB Intelligent devices, with smart clutter management capabilities, can enhance a user's situational awareness under adverse conditions. Two approaches to assist a user with target detection and clutter analysis are presented, and suggestions on how these tools could be integrated with an electronic chart system are further detailed. The first tool, which can assist a user in finding a target partially obscured by display clutter is a multiple-view generalization of AdaBoost. The second technique determines a meaningful measure of clutter in electronic displays by clustering features in both geospatial and color space. The clutter metric correlates with preliminary, subjective, clutter ratings. The user can be warned if display clutter is a potential hazard to performance. Synthetic and real data sets are used for performance evaluation of the proposed technique compared with recent classifier fusion strategies. C1 [Barbu, Costin; Lohrenz, Maura; Layne, Geary] USN, Res Lab, 1005 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Barbu, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 1005 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM cbarbu@nrlssc.navy.mil; mlohrenz@nrlssc.navy.mil; glayne@nrlssc.navy.mil FU NRL 6.2 Base Program [002435N] FX This work was sponsored under Program Element 002435N by the NRL 6.2 Base Program. The authors thank Dr. Marlin Gendron (NRL) for his valued assistance NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2735-2 PY 2006 BP 109 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BFT06 UT WOS:000244477800017 ER PT S AU Needham, D Jones, S AF Needham, D. Jones, S. GP IEEE Computer Society BE Kawada, S TI A software fault tree metric SO ICSM 2006: 22ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings-IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance CY SEP 24-27, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE ID COMPUTER-SYSTEMS; SAFETY; REQUIREMENTS AB Analysis of software fault trees exposes hardware and software failure events that lead to unsafe system states, and provides insight on improving safety throughout each phase of the software lifecycle. Software product lines have emerged as an effort to achieve reuse, enhance quality, and reduce development costs of safety critical systems. Safety-critical product lines amplify the need for improved analysis techniques and metrics for evaluating safety-critical systems since design flaws can be carried forward though product line generations. This paper presents a key node safety metric for measuring the inherent safety modeled by software fault trees. Definitions related to fault tree structure that impact the metric's composition are provided, and the mathematical basis for the metric is examined. The metric is applied to an embedded control system as well as to a collection of software fault tree product lines that include mutations expected to improve or degrade the safety of the system. The effectiveness of the metric is analyzed, and observations made during the experiments are discussed. C1 [Needham, D.; Jones, S.] USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Needham, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM needham@usna.edu; sean.jones@acm.org NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-6773 BN 0-7695-2354-4 J9 PROC IEEE INT CONF S PY 2006 BP 401 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BFG55 UT WOS:000241728200054 ER PT S AU Quirino, T Xie, ZX Shyu, ML Chen, SC Chang, LW AF Quirino, Thiago Xie, Zongxing Shyu, Mei-Ling Chen, Shu-Ching Chang, LiWu GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Collateral representative subspace projection modeling for supervised classification SO ICTAI-2006: EIGHTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOOLS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings-International Conference on Tools With Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI-2006) CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Comp Soc, Biol & Artificial Intelligence Soc, ITRI Wright State Univ, Virginia Tech CS Dept AB In this paper, a novel supervised classification approach called Collateral Representative Subspace Projection Modeling (C-RSPM) is presented. C-RSPM facilitates schemes for collateral class modeling, class-ambiguity solving, and classification, resulting a multi-class supervised classifier with high detection rate and various operational benefits including low training and classification times and low processing power and memory requirements. In addition, CRSPM is capable of adaptively selecting nonconsecutive principal dimensions from the statistical information of the training data set to achieve an accurate modeling of a representative subspace. Experimental results have shown that the proposed C-RSPM approach outperforms other supervised classification methods such as SIMCA, C4.5 decision tree, Decision Table (DT), Nearest Neighbor (NN), KNN, Support Vector Machine (SVM), 1-NN Best Warping Window DTW, 1-NN DTW with no Warping Window, and the well-known classifier boosting method AdaBoost with SVM. C1 [Quirino, Thiago; Xie, Zongxing; Shyu, Mei-Ling] Univ Miami, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Chen, Shu-Ching] Florida Int Univ, Sch Comp & Informat Sci, Distributed Multimedia Informat Syst Lab, Miami Beach, FL 33199 USA. [Chang, LiWu] Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Quirino, T (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM t.quirino@umiami.edu; z.xie1@umiami.edu; shyu@miami.edu; chens@cs.fiu.edu; lchang@itd.nrl.navy.mil FU NSF ITR [IIS-0325260]; NSF [EIA-0220562, HRD-0317692] FX For Mei-Ling Shyu, this research was supported in part by NSF ITR (Medium) IIS-0325260. For Shu-Ching Chen, this research was supported in part by NSF EIA-0220562 and NSF HRD-0317692. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1082-3409 BN 978-0-7695-2728-4 J9 PROC INT C TOOLS ART PY 2006 BP 98 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BFW79 UT WOS:000245172700014 ER PT J AU Piper, GE Watkins, JM AF Piper, GE Watkins, JM TI Investigating the control design of the disturbance reduction system for the LISA mission SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-CONTROL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission will consist of a three spacecraft formation acting as a large interferometer. The spacecraft formation will measure the distortion of space caused by passing gravitational waves. Each spacecraft will contain two shielded proof masses that define the optical arms of the interferometer. To mitigate the effects of external disturbances, the LISA Disturbance Reduction System will control the spacecraft to fly drag-free trajectories with reference to their respective proof masses. This paper investigates control design issues associated with the LISA Disturbance Reduction System (DRS). In particular, this paper presents a two degrees-of-freedom (DOF) model representing a spacecraft with a single proof mass. With this model, key control design issues are identified. A Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller design is then presented to illustrate the feasibility of the DRS control concept. A three DOF model is used to explore the DRS implications of a spacecraft with two proof masses. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Wichita State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. RP Piper, GE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM piper@usna.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2379 J9 IEE P-CONTR THEOR AP JI IEE Proc.-Control Theory Appl. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 153 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1049/ip-cta:200458232 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 011VE UT WOS:000235295800004 ER PT J AU Cantrell, B Rao, J Tavik, G Dorsey, M Krichevsky, V AF Cantrell, B Rao, J Tavik, G Dorsey, M Krichevsky, V TI Wideband array antenna concept SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB This presents a unique wideband array concept that includes a wideband array aperture incorporating radiating elements of different sizes and inter-element spacings. The array is a fully-filled aperture consisting of a core region surrounded by several layers of radiating elements which increase in size. By proper selection of the core region and the number of layers, one can form a beam with specified beamwidth over a five to one frequency range. The proposed concept considerably reduces the cost and complexity by decreasing the effective number of radiating elements and the corresponding receive or transmit modules. Numerical simulation results, ignoring the mutual coupling effects, are presented for array patterns at several frequencies to prove the concept. A possible beamforming concept is also included. Additional work is planned to prove the viability of the concept by taking the mutual coupling into account. C1 SFA, Washington, DC USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cantrell, B (reprint author), SFA, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC USA. NR 2 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 9 EP 12 DI 10.1109/MAES.2006.1581120 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 004QY UT WOS:000234768500002 ER PT J AU Smith, CK Bettenhausen, M Gaiser, PW AF Smith, CK Bettenhausen, M Gaiser, PW TI A statistical approach to WindSat ocean surface wind vector retrieval SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE microwave radiometry; polarimetry; retrievals; wind ID MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; ALGORITHM AB WindSat is the first space-based polarimetric microwave radiometer. It is designed to evaluate the capability of polarimetric microwave radiometry to measure ocean surface wind vectors from space. The sensor provides risk reduction for the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Conical Scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder, which is planned to provide wind vector data operationally starting in 2010. The channel set also enables retrieval of sea surface temperature, and columnar water vapor and cloud liquid water over the oceans. We describe statistical algorithms for retrieval of these parameters, and a combined statistical/maximum-likelihood estimator algorithm for retrieval of wind vectors. We present a quantitative analysis of the initial wind vector retrievals relative to QuikSCAT wind vectors. C1 Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, CK (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, POB 92957, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. EM peter.gaiser@nrl.navy.mil RI Smith, Craig/D-7927-2015 OI Smith, Craig/0000-0001-5829-8303 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 3 IS 1 BP 164 EP 168 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2005.860661 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 006LJ UT WOS:000234898700035 ER PT J AU Gisiner, R Harper, S Livingston, E Simmen, J AF Gisiner, R Harper, S Livingston, E Simmen, J TI Effects of Sound on the Marine Environment (ESME): An underwater noise risk model SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustics; environment; marine mammals; model; noise AB Effects of Sound on the Marine Environment (ESME) is a computer model of the effects of underwater sound on marine life. The modular design behind the ESME model is motivated by the sonar equation, with subcomponent models for characterization of the source, for modeling of sound transmission through a medium, and for receiver properties (e.g., hearing abilities, behavioral responses to sound, and receiver distribution and abundance). Each subcomponent of ESME is intended to capture the current state of understanding in the relevant scientific field and to be capable of being updated as the understanding in the field advances. ESME is envisioned to have three primary applications: 1) retrospective studies of historical data, 2) predictive modeling of anticipated outcomes from a given scenario of sound in a marine environment, and 3) prescriptive guidance for research investments and efforts that will likely have the greatest effect on increasing confidence in decisions about underwater sound use and its effects. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Gisiner, R (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM gisiner@onr.navy.mil NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1 BP 4 EP 7 DI 10.1109/JOE.2006.872212 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 059CH UT WOS:000238710400002 ER PT J AU Shyu, HJ Hillson, R AF Shyu, HJ Hillson, R TI A software workbench for estimating the effects of cumulative sound exposure in marine mammals SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE cetaceans; Effects of Sound on the Marine Environment (ESME); geoacoustic parameters; marine mammal diving behavior; ocean acoustics; oceanography; temporary threshold shift (TTS) ID MASKED HEARING THRESHOLDS; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; TEMPORARY SHIFT; UNDERWATER; WHALES AB The U.S. Navy has initiated a multidisciplinary research and development program to study the Effects of Sound on the Marine Environment (ESME). As part of this effort, the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is developing a software workbench for estimating the effects of cumulative sound exposure on marine mammals. This paper describes the workbench, and presents some preliminary simulation results. The workbench integrates data sets and computer models contributed by researchers in the areas of oceanography, underwater acoustic propagation, and marine mammal physiology and behavior. Models are incorporated for simulating animal movement, for estimating the received acoustic time series along an animal's track, and for predicting temporary threshold shifts (TTSs) induced by acoustic exposure. TTS predictions are shown to be highly dependent upon both the environmental variables and the movement of the marine mammals. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shyu, HJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM shyu@ait.nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1 BP 8 EP 21 DI 10.1109/JOE.2006.872209 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 059CH UT WOS:000238710400003 ER PT J AU Blackmon, FA Antonelli, LT AF Blackmon, FA Antonelli, LT TI Experimental detection and reception performance for uplink underwater acoustic communication using a remote, in-air, acousto-optic sensor SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acousto-optic; underwater acoustic communications AB Covert communications between underwater and aerial platforms would increase the flexibility of surface and air vehicles engaged in undersea warfare by providing a new netcentric warfare communications capability and could have a variety of commercial and oceanographic applications. Research into an acousto-optic sensor shows promise as a means for detecting acoustic data projected toward the water surface from a submerged platform., The laser-based sensor probes the water surface to detect perturbations caused by an impinging acoustic pressure field. Experimental studies were conducted to demonstrate acousto-optic sensor feasibility for obtaining accurate phase preserved recordings of communication signals across the air-water interface. The recorded surface velocity signals were transferred to an acoustic communications receiver that used conventional acoustic telemetry algorithms such as adaptive equalization to decode the signal. The detected, equalized, and decoded bit error rate performance is presented for hydrostatic and more realistic, hydrodynamic water surface conditions. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Blackmon, FA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM blackmonfa@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; antonellilt@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1109/JOE.2005.861248 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 059CH UT WOS:000238710400018 ER PT S AU Michael, S AF Michael, Sherif BE DucoudrayAcevedo, GO Garcia, RP Cedeno, MJ TI The development of high efficiency multijunction photovoltaic devices using a novel modeling technique SO IEEE MWSCAS'06: Proceedings of the 2006 49th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Vol II SE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY AUG 06-09, 2006 CL San Juan, PR SP IEEE AB In this paper a new method for developing a realistic model of any type of solar cell is presented. Taking into account the high cost of research and experimentation involved with the development of advanced cells, we present here this novel methodology. In our opinion, the introduction of this modeling technique to the Photovoltaic community will prove to be of great importance in aiding the design and developing of advanced solar cells. A model of an InGaP/GaAs/Ge multi-junction solar cell is prepared and is fully simulated. The major stages of the process are explained and the simulation results are compared to published experimental data. An optimization stage concludes this paper. The flexibility of the proposed methodology is demonstrated and example results are shown throughout the whole process. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Michael, S (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3746 BN 978-1-4244-0172-7 J9 MIDWEST SYMP CIRCUIT PY 2006 BP 55 EP 58 DI 10.1109/MWSCAS.2006.382206 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGP34 UT WOS:000249557100012 ER PT S AU Jin, KS McEachen, JC Singh, G AF Jin, Koh Swee McEachen, John C. Singh, Gurminder BE DucoudrayAcevedo, GO Garcia, RP Cedeno, MJ TI RF characteristics of Mica-Z wireless sensor network motes SO IEEE MWSCAS'06: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 49TH MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL II SE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY AUG 06-09, 2006 CL San Juan, PR SP IEEE DE wireless sensor networks; energy efficiency; numeric electromagnetic code AB The RF characteristics of Mica-Z wireless unattended sensor motes were evaluated for military and commercial applications. The Mica-Z mote's propagation characteristics and network performance were measured under near free-space, indoor and outdoor environments to provide a comprehensive perspective of typical sensor network characteristics. Link break distance and re-association distance with their corresponding RF power measurements were recorded to determine the Mica-Z's range characteristics under different operating environments. Power Loss exponents were also estimated to provide Mica-Z users a faster and more convenient way to estimate operating ranges in the different environments. A graphical numeric electromagnetic code (GNEC) simulation was also used to investigate some of the possible improvements that could be made to the existing Mica-Z antenna design to enhance the performance of the sensor network. This paper substantiates the difficulties of operating such sensor networks in the most hostile environments. Although the analyses demonstrate that controlled deployment was possible to some extent, the effectiveness of random deployment remains challenging. C1 [Singh, Gurminder] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [McEachen, John C.; Singh, Gurminder] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jin, KS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3746 BN 978-1-4244-0172-7 J9 MIDWEST SYMP CIRCUIT PY 2006 BP 100 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGP34 UT WOS:000249557100021 ER PT S AU Teo, A Singh, G McEachen, JC AF Teo, Amos Singh, Gurminder McEachen, John C. BE DucoudrayAcevedo, GO Garcia, RP Cedeno, MJ TI Evaluation of the XMesh routing protocol in wireless sensor networks SO IEEE MWSCAS'06: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 49TH MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL II SE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY AUG 06-09, 2006 CL San Juan, PR SP IEEE DE wireless sensor networks; link connectivity; energy efficiency AB The evaluation of a routing protocol developed by Crossbow Technologies called XMesh is presented. The main components of the routing protocol are described and the routing algorithm explained. Experiments were conducted to determine the connectivity ranges of motes in different transmission power settings. The relationship of mote transmission power and network connectivity is presented. An energy efficiency study looked at the means of extending the lifespan of the network. Although, packet losses during the period of a node failure were significant, the routing protocol showed that it was able to adapt and reorganize to provide reliable and stable routing in a network. C1 [Singh, Gurminder] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Teo, Amos; McEachen, John C.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Teo, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3746 BN 978-1-4244-0172-7 J9 MIDWEST SYMP CIRCUIT PY 2006 BP 113 EP + DI 10.1109/MWSCAS.2006.382221 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGP34 UT WOS:000249557100024 ER PT J AU Reichmann, KC Iannone, PP Zhou, X Frigo, NJ Hemenway, BR AF Reichmann, KC Iannone, PP Zhou, X Frigo, NJ Hemenway, BR TI 240-km CWDM transmission using cascaded SOA Raman hybrid amplifiers with 70-nm bandwidth SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE coarse wavelength-division multiplexing (CWDM); Raman amplification; semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA); transmission AB We demonstrate the cascading of broad-band semiconductor optical amplifier-Raman hybrid amplifiers which provide nearly flat gain over 70 nm. A coarse-wavelength-division multiplexing transmission system consisting of three spans of 80 km shows uniform performance and < 1-dB power penalty. C1 Opt Syst Res Dept, AT&T Labs, Middletown, NJ 07748 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Corning Inc, Corning, NY 14831 USA. RP Opt Syst Res Dept, AT&T Labs, Middletown, NJ 07748 USA. EM kcr@research.att.com; frigo@usna.edu; hemenwaybr@corning.com NR 9 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1041-1135 EI 1941-0174 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 18 IS 1-4 BP 328 EP 330 DI 10.1109/LPT.2005.861979 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 020HL UT WOS:000235899300108 ER PT J AU Chen, VC Li, FY Ho, SS Wechsler, H AF Chen, VC Li, FY Ho, SS Wechsler, H TI Micro-doppler effect in radar: Phenomenon, model, and simulation study SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID LINEARLY VIBRATING OBJECTS; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; PLANE MIRROR; REFLECTIONS; SCATTERING; TARGETS AB When, in addition to the constant Doppler frequency shift induced by the bulk motion of a radar target, the target or any structure on the target undergoes micro-motion dynamics, such as mechanical vibrations or rotations, the micro-motion dynamics induce Doppler modulations on the returned signal, referred to as the micro-Doppler effect. We introduce the micro-Doppler phenomenon in radar, develop a model of Doppler modulations, derive formulas of micro-Doppler induced by targets with vibration, rotation, tumbling and coning motions, and verify them by simulation studies, analyze time-varying micro-Doppler features using high-resolution time-frequency transforms, and demonstrate the micro-Doppler effect observed in real radar data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5311,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Ho, Shen-Shyang/B-7034-2012 OI Ho, Shen-Shyang/0000-0002-0353-7159 NR 32 TC 333 Z9 565 U1 6 U2 38 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 2 EP 21 DI 10.1109/TAES.2006.1603402 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 025SU UT WOS:000236288000001 ER PT J AU Wang, GY Xia, XG Chen, VC AF Wang, GY Xia, XG Chen, VC TI Dual-speed SAR imaging of moving targets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Letter ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; IMAGES AB In conventional synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems, the image of a moving target is usually mis-located. This is because the Doppler shift of the moving target is determined not only by its geometric location but also by its velocity. After range compression and auto-focusing, the Doppler frequency or the moving target is still time varying and the Doppler centroid is shifted. As a result, the SAR image of a moving target is smeared and the image location of the target may not reflect its true geometric location. In this paper, a dual-speed SAR imaging approach, i.e., the radar platform flies with two different speeds in the radar observation time duration, is proposed to resolve the above two problems, especially mis-location of a moving target. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM xxia@ee.udel.edu NR 30 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 368 EP 379 DI 10.1109/TAES.2006.1603430 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 025SU UT WOS:000236288000029 ER PT J AU Choi, W Sarkar, TK Wang, H Mokole, EL AF Choi, W Sarkar, TK Wang, H Mokole, EL TI Adaptive processing using real weights based on a direct data domain least squares approach SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE adaptive processing; amplitude-only weights; direct data domain least squares approach ID ALGORITHM AB In traditional, adaptive signal processing algorithms one change both the amplitude and phase of the weight vectors associated with an array at each of the antenna elements. The use of complex weights offers greater control over the array response at the expense of system complexity. However, it is easier if one requires only amplitude variation with a fixed phase for all the weight vectors associated with all the antenna elements. Because one uses only real arithmetic operations to find the amplitude of the weights connected to the antenna, the computational complexity is reduced considerably. Hence, this paper addresses the use of real weights in an adaptive system. In this paper we describe a new direct data domain least squares (DLS) method using real weights, which utilizes only a single snapshot of the data for adaptive processing. This technique may be useful for real time implementation of the (DLS)-L-3 method on a chip. C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Choi, W (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM wchoi01@syr.edu; tksarkar@mailbox.syr.edu; hongwang@syr.edu NR 17 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 BP 182 EP 191 DI 10.1109/TAP.2005.859753 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 008CB UT WOS:000235016700023 ER PT J AU Chilaka, SV Faircloth, DL Riggs, LS Nelson, HH AF Chilaka, SV Faircloth, DL Riggs, LS Nelson, HH TI Enhanced discrimination among UXO-like targets using extremely low-frequency magnetic fields SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE continuous-wave (CW) electromagnetic induction (EMI); discrimination; extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields; unexploded ordnance (UXO) ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION SCATTERING; EXCITATION AB We show that the ability to discriminate among unexploded ordnance (UXO) targets is. enhanced by extending the measurement range of our continuous-wave (CW) electromagnetic induction (EMI) system down to extremely low frequencies (ELFs). In particular, we demonstrate that for a typical UXO target set, when data in the range 30 Hz to 24 kHz are extended downward toward 1-Hz discrimination performance improves by a factor of 1.5. Measurements and numerical simulations show that very low frequency magnetic fields penetrate deep into the target, enabling one to discriminate between thick- and thin-walled ferrous cylinders that are otherwise visually identical. Data acquisition at extremely low frequencies is a time-consuming process especially if data averaging is required to achieve acceptable signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, in practice, discrimination improvement using ELF is probably best carried out using a "cued" approach. In a "cued" approach, target locations would be marked using another detection technique (e.g., a simple total-field magnetometer), and the low-frequency CW EMI system would be deployed to these known target locations for classification. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Faircloth, DL (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM faircdl@auburn.edu NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 1 BP 10 EP 21 DI 10.1109/FGRS.2005.859951 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 999DC UT WOS:000234367900002 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Grunes, MR Schuler, DL Pottier, E Ferro-Famil, L AF Lee, JS Grunes, MR Schuler, DL Pottier, E Ferro-Famil, L TI Scattering-model-based speckle filtering of polarimetric SAR data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR); radar polarimetry; speckle filtering ID WISHART DISTRIBUTION; IMAGERY; CLASSIFICATION; REDUCTION; DECOMPOSITION AB A new concept in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) speckle filtering that preserves the dominant scattering mechanism of each pixel is proposed in this paper. The basic principle is to select pixels of the same scattering characteristics to be included in the filtering process. To achieve this, the algorithm first applies the Freeman and Durden decomposition to separate pixels into three dominant scattering categories: surface, double bounce, and volume, and then unsupervised classification is applied. Speckle filtering is performed using the classification map as a mask. A single-look or multilook pixel centered in a 9 x 9 window is filtered by including only pixels in the same and two neighboring classes from the same scattering category. This filter is effective in speckle reduction, while perfectly preserving strong point target signatures, and retains edges, linear, and curved features in thePOLSAR data. The effect of speckle filtering on scattering characteristics, such as entropy, anisotropy, and alpha angle, will be discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remoting Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Rennes 1, Image & Remote Sensing Div, IETR UMR CNRS 6164, F-35042 Rennes, France. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remoting Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lee@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 65 Z9 97 U1 5 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 1 BP 176 EP 187 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.859338 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 999DC UT WOS:000234367900018 ER PT J AU Stack, JR Habetler, TG Harley, RG AF Stack, JR Habetler, TG Harley, RG TI Fault-signature modeling and detection of inner-race bearing faults SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference CY MAY 15-18, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE DE amplitude modulation (AM); bearings (mechanical); condition monitoring; fault diagnosis; vibration ID ROLLING ELEMENT BEARINGS; DIAGNOSIS; MOTORS AB This paper develops a fault-signature model and a fault-detection scheme for using machine vibration to detect inner-race defects. To motivate this research, it is explained and illustrated with experimental results why fault signatures from nonouter-race defects (e.g., inner-race defects) can be less salient than those from outef-race defects. Then, a signal model is presented for the production and propagation of an inner-race fault signature; this model is then used to design an inner-race fault-detection scheme. This scheme examines machine-vibration spectra for peaks with phase-coupled sidebands occurring at a spacing predicted by the model. The proficiency of this fault-detection scheme at detecting inner-race bearing faults is then experimentally verified with results from 12 bearings representing varying degrees of fault severity. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Stack, JR (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. EM jason.stack@navy.mil; thabetler@ee.gatech.edu; ron.harley@ece.gatech.edu NR 18 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1109/TIA.2005.861365 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 009AY UT WOS:000235084700008 ER PT J AU Ericsen, T Hingorani, N Khersonsky, Y AF Ericsen, T Hingorani, N Khersonsky, Y TI Power electronics and future marine electrical systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference CY SEP 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE DE electric propulsion systems; integrated power systems; marine electric power distribution; naval electric systems; power electronics building blocks; silicon-carbide power devices AB Tomorrow's marine electrical systems will be profoundly different from today's systems. Power electronics is making major impacts on virtually every marine system including propulsion, power distribution, auxiliaries, sonar, and radar. Newly emerging materials, components, and system concepts (such as wide band-gap materials, silicon-carbide-based power semiconductor devices, power electronics building blocks (PEBBs), and integrated power systems) are, and will continue, enabling future marine systems as different from today's systems as steam ships were to sailing ships. However, these enabling technologies and concepts are not well known and have been difficult to understand. This paper will introduce these new concepts and technologies, identify potential impacts, and explore new design methods to simplify marine electrical system development. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Ericsen, T (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM ericset@onr.navy.mil; nhingorani@aol.com; ykhersonsky@ieee.org NR 8 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1109/TIA.2005.861306 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 009AY UT WOS:000235084700022 ER PT S AU Swan, JE Livingston, MA Smallman, HS Brown, D Baillot, Y Gabbard, JL Hix, D AF Swan, J. Edward, II Livingston, Mark A. Smallman, Harvey S. Brown, Dennis Baillot, Yohan Gabbard, Joseph L. Hix, Deborah BE Frolich, B Bowman, D Iwata, H TI A perceptual matching technique for depth judgments in optical, see-through augmented reality SO IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY 2006, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Virtual Reality 2006 Conference CY MAR 25-29, 2006 CL Alexandria, VA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE VGTC DE experimentation; measurement; performance; depth perception; optical see-through augmented reality ID VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS; INFORMATION; LOCALIZATION; FIELD AB A fundamental problem in optical, see-through augmented reality (AR) is characterizing how it affects the perception of spatial layout and depth. This problem is important because AR system developers need to both place graphics in arbitrary spatial relationships with real-world objects, and to know that users will perceive them in the same relationships. Furthermore, AR makes possible enhanced perceptual techniques that have no real-world equivalent, such as x-ray vision, where AR users are supposed to perceive graphics as being located behind opaque surfaces. This paper reviews and discusses techniques for measuring egocentric depth judgments in both virtual and augmented environments. It then describes a perceptual matching task and experimental design for measuring egocentric AR depth judgments at medium- and far-field distances of 5 to 45 meters. The experiment studied the effect of field of view, the x-ray vision condition, multiple distances, and practice on the task. The paper relates some of the findings to the well-known problem of depth underestimation in virtual environments, and further reports evidence for a switch in bias, from underestimating to overestimating the distance of AR-presented graphics, at similar to 23 meters. It also gives a quantification of how much more difficult the x-ray vision condition makes the task, and then concludes with ideas for improving the experimental methodology. C1 [Swan, J. Edward, II] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Livingston, Mark A.; Brown, Dennis] Naval Res Lab, Virtual & Mixed Environm Lab 3D, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Smallman, Harvey S.] Pacif Sci & Engn Grp, San Diego, CA USA. [Baillot, Yohan] ITT Ind, Adv Engn & Sci, White Plains, NY USA. [Gabbard, Joseph L.; Hix, Deborah] Virginia Tech, Syst Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Swan, JE (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM swan@acm.org; markl@ait.nrl.navy.mil; smallman@pacific-science.com; dbrown@ait.nri.navy.mil; baillot@simulation3d.biz; jgabbard@vt.edu; hix@vt.edu FU Advanced Information Technology Branch of the Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research; Mississippi State University FX This work was supported in part by the Advanced Information Technology Branch of the Naval Research Laboratory, the Office of Naval Research, and Mississippi State University. The experiment was conducted at the Naval Research Laboratory, when the first author was employed by the Naval Research Laboratory. We gratefully acknowledge several very helpful conversations with Stephen R. Ellis of NASA Ames Research Center. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1087-8270 BN 1-4244-0223-9 J9 P IEEE VIRT REAL ANN PY 2006 BP 19 EP + DI 10.1109/VR.2006.13 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BEG31 UT WOS:000237211000003 ER PT S AU Ni, T Schmidt, GS Staadt, OG Livingston, MA Ball, R May, R AF Ni, Tao Schmidt, Greg S. Staadt, Oliver G. Livingston, Mark A. Ball, Robert May, Richard BE Frolich, B Bowman, D Iwata, H TI A survey of large high-resolution display technologies, techniques, and applications SO IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY 2006, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Virtual Reality 2006 Conference CY MAR 25-29, 2006 CL Alexandria, VA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE VGTC DE large high-resolution displays; visualization; virtual environments; multi-monitor; projector array; distributed rendering; collaboration; user interfaces; interaction techniques; evaluation AB Continued advances in display hardware, computing power, networking, and rendering algorithms have all converged to dramatically improve large high-resolution display capabilities. We present a survey on prior research with large high-resolution displays. In the hardware configurations section we examine systems including multi-monitor workstations, reconfigurable projector arrays, and others. Rendering and the data pipeline are addressed with an overview of current technologies. We discuss many applications for large high-resolution displays such as automotive design, scientific visualization, control centers, and others. Quantifying the effects of large high-resolution displays on human performance and other aspects is important as we look toward future advances in display technology and how it is applied in different situations. Interacting with these displays brings a different set of challenges for HCI professionals, so an overview of some of this work is provided. Finally, we present our view of the top ten greatest challenges in large high-resolution displays. C1 [Ni, Tao] Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Livingston, Mark A.] Naval Res Lab, 3D Virtual & Mixed Environ Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Staadt, Oliver G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Compu Sci, Davis, CA USA. [May, Richard] Pacific NorthWest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Ni, T (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM nitao@vt.edu; gregory.schmidt@nrl.navy.mil; staadt@cs.ucdavis.edu; mark.livingston@nrl.navy.mil; rgb6@vt.edu; richard.may@pnl.gov NR 107 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1087-8270 BN 1-4244-0223-9 J9 P IEEE VIRT REAL ANN PY 2006 BP 223 EP + PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BEG31 UT WOS:000237211000029 ER PT S AU May, R Organizer, P Arya, PK Bowman, DA Schmidt, G Sullivan, A AF May, Richard Organizer, Panel Arya, Pamela K. Bowman, Doug A. Schmidt, Greg Sullivan, Alan BE Frolich, B Bowman, D Iwata, H TI Challenges to applying virtual reality technology and techniques to visual analytics SO IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY 2006, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Virtual Reality 2006 Conference CY MAR 25-29, 2006 CL Alexandria, VA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE VGTC C1 [May, Richard] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Arya, Pamela K.] Strateg Knowledge Syst, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bowman, Doug A.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Schmidt, Greg] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sullivan, Alan] Lightspace Technol, Twinsburg, OH 44087 USA. RP May, R (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1087-8270 BN 1-4244-0223-9 J9 P IEEE VIRT REAL ANN PY 2006 BP 303 EP + DI 10.1109/VR.2006.32 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BEG31 UT WOS:000237211000051 ER PT S AU Gillis, D Bowles, J Bennert, E Korwan, D Lamela, G Montes, M Rhea, WJ AF Gillis, David Bowles, Jeffrey Bennert, Ellen Korwan, Daniel Lamela, Gia Montes, Marcos Rhea, William J. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Exploiting nonlinear structure in hyperspectral coastal data - art. no. 63020V SO Imaging Spectrometry XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry XI CY AUG 14-16, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; coastal; bathymetry; lookup table ID ALGORITHM; IMAGERY AB In this paper, we investigate the use of nonlinear structure to derive the physical characteristics of coastal data. In particular, we show how the physics of shallow water coastal regions lead to well defined nonlinear structures (manifolds) in the corresponding hyperspectral data. The exact form of this structure is determined by both the Inherent Optical Properties of the water column as well as the boundary conditions (bottom reflectance, depth). This structure is then used to develop efficient algorithms for searching large 'lookup tables' of precalculated spectra with known physical characteristics, which are used for estimating the various physical parameters (bathymetry, bottom type, etc.) of the scene. We assess our methods with data collected by the NRL PHILLS sensor at the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) in Florida. The IRL is a well-studied and characterized body of water that contains a number of different water and bottom types at various shallow (generally less than 8 meters, except in the shipping channel where depths can be as much as 18 m) depths. We show in particular that the search algorithm is able to produce valid results in a short amount of time, and compare our results with an IRL LIDAR bathymetry survey from early 2004. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gillis, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6381-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6302 BP V3020 EP V3020 AR 63020V DI 10.1117/12.680951 PG 12 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BFH98 UT WOS:000241945400024 ER PT S AU Korman, MS Sabatier, JM AF Korman, Murray S. Sabatier, James M. BE Atchley, AA Sparrow, VW Keolian, RM TI Nonlinear acoustic experiments involving landmine detection: Connections with mesoscopic elasticity and slow dynamics in geomaterials SO Innovations in Nonlinear Acoustics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics CY JUL 18-22, 2005 CL State Coll, PA SP Penn State Univ, Grad Program Acoust, Acoust Soc Amer, Int Commiss Acoust DE nonlinear; acoustic; landmine detection ID DISCRIMINATION AB The vibration interaction between the top-plate of a buried VS 2.2 plastic, anti-tank landmine and the soil above it appears to exhibit similar characteristics to the nonlinear mesoscopic/nanoscale effects that are observed in geomaterials like rocks or granular materials. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116, 3354-3369 (2004)]. When airborne sound at two primary frequencies f(1) and f(2) (closely spaced near resonance) undergo acoustic-to-seismic coupling, (A/S), interactions with the mine and soil generate combination frequencies vertical bar n f(1) +/- m f(2) vertical bar which affect the surface vibration velocity. Profiles at f(1), f(2), f(1) - (f(2) - f(1)) and f(2) + (f(2) - f(1)) exhibit single peaks whereas other combination frequencies may involve higher order modes. A family of increasing amplitude tuning curves, involving the surface vibration over the landmine, exhibits a linear relationship between the peak particle velocity and corresponding resonant frequency. Subsequent decreasing amplitude tuning curves exhibit hysteresis effects. New experiments for a buried VS 1.6 anti-tank landmine and a "plastic drum head" mine simulant behave similarly. Slow dynamics explains the amplitude difference in tuning curves for first sweeping upward and then downward through resonance, provided the soil modulus drops after periods of high strain. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Korman, MS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0330-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 838 BP 63 EP 66 PG 4 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA BEN52 UT WOS:000238312600010 ER PT S AU McDonald, BE AF McDonald, B. Edward BE Atchley, AA Sparrow, VW Keolian, RM TI Nonlinear acoustic propagation into the seafloor SO Innovations in Nonlinear Acoustics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics CY JUL 18-22, 2005 CL State Coll, PA SP Penn State Univ, Grad Program Acoust, Acoust Soc Amer, Int Commiss Acoust DE shock propagation; granular media; sediment ID MEDIA AB Explosions near the seafloor result in shock waves entering a much more complicated medium than water or air. Nonlinearities may be increased by two processes inherent to granular media: (1) a poroelastic nonlinearity comparable to the addition of bubbles to water, and (2) the Hertz force resulting from elastic deformation of grains, proportional to the Youngs modulus of the grains times the strain rate to the power 3/2. These two types of nonlinearity for shock propagation into the seafloor are investigated using a variant of the NPE model. The traditional Taylor series expansion of the equation of state (pressure as a function of density) is not appropriate to the Hertz force in the limit of small strain. We present a simple nonlinear wave equation model for compressional waves in marine sediments that retains the Hertz force explicitly with overdensity to the power 3/2. Numerical results for shock propagation are compared with similarity solutions for quadratic nonlinearity and for the fractional nonlinearity of the Hertz force. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McDonald, BE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0330-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 838 BP 540 EP 543 PG 4 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA BEN52 UT WOS:000238312600105 ER PT S AU Smith, JF Nguyen, TH AF Smith, James F., III Nguyen, ThanhVu H. BE Corchado, E Yin, H Botti, V Fyfe, C TI Guiding genetic program based data mining using fuzzy rules SO INTELLIGENT DATA ENGINEERING AND AUTOMATED LEARNING - IDEAL 2006, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning (IDEAL 2006) CY SEP 20-23, 2006 CL Univ Burgos, Burgos, SPAIN HO Univ Burgos DE genetic programs; fuzzy logic; data mining; control algorithms; planning algorithms AB A data mining procedure for automatic determination of fuzzy decision tree structure using a genetic program is discussed. A genetic program (GP) is an algorithm that evolves other algorithms or mathematical expressions. Methods for accelerating convergence of the data mining procedure are examined. The methods include introducing fuzzy rules into the GP and a new innovation based on computer algebra. Experimental results related to using computer algebra are given. Comparisons between trees created using a genetic program and those constructed solely by interviewing experts are made. Connections to past GP based data mining procedures for evolving fuzzy decision trees are established. Finally, experimental methods that have been used to validate the data mining algorithm are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jfsmith@drsews.nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-45485-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 4224 BP 1337 EP 1345 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFG81 UT WOS:000241790900159 ER PT J AU Michopoulos, JG AF Michopoulos, J. G. TI Modeling ionic continua under multifield conditions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE multiphysics; multifield; artificial muscles; electro-active polymers; ionic polymer conductive composites; electro-hygro-thermo-elasto-active materials; large deflection; ionic polymers; finite element modeling; finite element analysis ID DATA-DRIVEN ENVIRONMENT; MULTIPHYSICS APPLICATIONS; ARTIFICIAL MUSCLES; EQUATIONS AB Recent advances in the development of electroactive polymer materials and composites along with the need for new multifunctional exploitation of these materials have underlined the need for the multi-field modeling of their behavior. Behavioral modeling of these materials is essential for design, material qualification, and material certification for sensing, actuation, and energy harvesting applications. The present paper proposes and applies a methodology for modeling the behavior of ionic continua under multi-field influence at the macro length scale. The computational implementation of this methodology addresses generation and solution of both the constitutive and the field evolution equations by appropriate use of continuum mechanics, irreversible thermodynamics, and electrodynamics. An application of this methodology for the case of electric multi-component anisotropic hygrothermoelasticity generates a constitutive model for a large class of materials capable of actuation, sensing, and energy harvesting applications. A specialization of this theory for isotropic and bi-component chemo-thermo-electro-elastic materials is provided along with the corresponding field equations. To demonstrate the capabilities of this approach for realistic applications, a system Of nonlinear governing partial differential equations is derived to describe the state evolution of large deflection plates made from such material systems. These equations represent the electro-hygro-thermal generalization of the well-known von-Karman equations for large deflection plates and capture the actuating behavior of these plates. Finally, numerical solutions of these equations for two sets of boundary conditions are presented to demonstrate solution feasibility and realism of modeling in the context of actuation-based applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Special Projects Grp,Code 6390 2, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Special Projects Grp,Code 6390 2, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.michopoulos@nrl.navy.mil RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, STE 601, NEW YORK, NY 10016-7892 USA SN 1543-1649 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2006 VL 4 IS 2 BP 265 EP 279 DI 10.1615/IntJMultCompEng.v4.i2.70 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 076SF UT WOS:000239977300007 ER PT J AU Michopoulos, JG Lambrakos, SG Tran, NE AF Michopoulos, John G. Lambrakos, Sam G. Tran, Nick E. TI Toward coupled-field characterization and design optimization of single-wall nanotube composites for hydrogen storage systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID DATA-DRIVEN ENVIRONMENT; MULTIPHYSICS APPLICATIONS AB We present an examination of the feasibility for simultaneous characterization and design optimization of various aspects of reactive systems under concurrent heat and mass transport presence. The analysis described in this paper is of a carbon nanotube composite system potentially usable for hydrogen storage applications. Three distinct activities were employed for this analysis. First, the forward continuum model of a multispecies diffusing system under simultaneous exposure to mass diffusion with chemical reactivity and to heat conduction was generated. Second, the problem of hydrogen storage was defined within a pragmatic product design context where the appropriate design parameters of the system are determined via appropriate optimization methods, utilizing extensive experimental data encoding the systemic behavior. Third, this methodology is applied on a hydrogen storage nanocomposite reactor system and appropriate systemic parameter estimation is performed. Thus, the context of the work presented is defined by a data-driven characterization of coupled heat and mass diffusion models of hydrogen storage systems from a multifield perspective at the macro length scale. In particular, a single-wall nanotube (SWNT) based composite is modeled by coupled partial differential equations representing spatiotemporal evolution of distributions of temperature and hydrogen concentration. Analytical solutions of these equations are adopted for an inverse analysis that dones a nonlinear optimization problem for determining the parameters of the model by objective function minimization. Experimentally acquired and model-produced data are used to construct this objective function. Simulations demonstrating the applicability of the methodology and a discussion of its potential extension to multiscale and manufacturing process optimization are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Tchnol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Tchnol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.michopoulos@nrl.navy.mil RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1543-1649 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2006 VL 4 IS 3 BP 351 EP 362 DI 10.1615/IntJMultCompEng.v4.i3.50 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 095KD UT WOS:000241305700005 ER PT J AU Hernandez, RS Watanabe, TAA Cellucci, CJ Rapp, PE AF Hernandez, RS Watanabe, TAA Cellucci, CJ Rapp, PE TI Noise-robust detection of hyperbaric oxygen seizure onset SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS LA English DT Article DE hyperbaric; hyperbaric oxygen; seizures; seizure detection; EEG seizure detection; transition detection; Hurst coefficient; fractal dimension ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK; EEG; PRESSURE AB This study examined hyperbaric oxygen seizures (seizures induced by breathing pure oxygen under pressure). In addition to the subject's importance to military diving, this preparation is of more generic interest because it provides an experimental model of chemically induced seizures that are generalized at onset. The object of this preliminary study was to find noise-robust numerical procedures that can identify the time of seizure onset. Several candidate methods were compared. They included a high order FIR filter, wavelet denoising and computation of the Hurst exponent. In these calculations, the original signal was corrupted with progressively larger amplitude additive noise. All three methods successfully identified seizure onset to in SNR, of -10dB. Of the methods considered, only the Hurst exponent was able to find the seizure when the SNR dropped to -20dB. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Ursinus Coll, Dept Phys, Collegeville, PA 19312 USA. Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. RP Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM RHernandez@USUHS.MIL; WatanabeT@nmrc.navy.mil; CCellucci@ursinus.edu; Paul.E.Rapp@drexel.edu NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1274 EI 1793-6551 J9 INT J BIFURCAT CHAOS JI Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos PD JAN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 137 EP 144 DI 10.1142/S0218127406014642 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 030FL UT WOS:000236619600011 ER PT J AU Bishop, BE Piepmeier, JA Piper, G Knowles, KA AF Bishop, Bradley E. Piepmeier, Jenelle Armstrong Piper, George Knowles, Kenneth A. TI Low-cost robotic laboratory exercises and projects SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID COMPETITIONS AB In commonly used robotic texts, the introductory chapter defines robotics and explores the role of robotics in industry and society. This is followed by transformation matrices and forward and inverse kinematics. Homework, quizzes, and exams are used to reinforce lecture material For some students, three-dimensional concepts and mathematical tools are obvious, but for others it is impossible to relate two-dimensional pictures (from a text or the board) to a three-dimensional reality. Furthermore, besides a poor grade, there is no immediate feedback on the consequences of incorrectly assigning coordinate frames or improperly deriving the inverse kinematics of a manipulator. This paper discusses laboratory assignments utilizing inexpensive hardware such as remote-controlled (RC) servomotors, ROBIX(TM) RCS-6 kits, and inexpensive vision systems such as CMU-cams and webcams. It is shown that low-cost systems are suitable for both reinforcing fundamental robotic concepts such as inverse kinematics and facilitating independent student research. C1 USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bishop, BE (reprint author), USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU TEMPUS PUBLICATIONS PI DURRUS, BANTRY PA IJEE , ROSSMORE,, DURRUS, BANTRY, COUNTY CORK 00000, IRELAND SN 0949-149X J9 INT J ENG EDUC JI Int. J. Eng. Educ PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 723 EP 731 PG 9 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 084FL UT WOS:000240517600006 ER PT J AU Tu, YM Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Tu, Youming Chen, Lingen Sun, Fengrui Wu, Chih TI Exergy-based ecological optimisation for an endoreversible Brayton refrigeration cycle SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERGY LA English DT Article DE Brayton refrigeration cycle; endoreversible cycle; exergy-based ecological optimisation; finite-time thermodynamics ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; REGENERATED AIR REFRIGERATOR; LOAD DENSITY OPTIMIZATION; TIME HEAT ENGINES; COOLING-LOAD; PERFORMANCE; ALLOCATION; CRITERION AB The optimal exergy-based ecological performance of an endoreversible Brayton refrigeration cycle with the loss of heat-resistance is derived by taking into account an exergy-based ecological optimisation criterion as the objective function, which consists of maximising a function representing the best compromise between the exergy output rate and exergy loss rate (entropy generation rate and environment temperature product) of the refrigeration cycle. The expressions of the optimal cooling load, entropy generation rate and exergy-based ecological function of the cycle are derived by optimising the allocation of a fixed total heat exchanger inventory. The exergy-based ecologically optimum isentropic temperature ratio, coefficient of performance (COP), cooling load and entropy generation rate at maximum exergy-based ecological function point are also presented. Moreover, numerical examples are given to show that the effects of the temperature ratio of two reservoirs, the total heat exchanger inventory, and the temperature ratio between heat sink and surroundings on the optimal performance of the cycle. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com; wu@usna.edu NR 29 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1742-8297 J9 INT J EXERGY JI Int. J. Exergy PY 2006 VL 3 IS 2 BP 191 EP 201 DI 10.1504/IJEX.2006.009045 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 090LN UT WOS:000240952900005 ER PT J AU Pettit, CL AF Pettit, CL TI Uncertainty and risk in aircraft structures: current status and recommended directions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS & PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE uncertainty; risk; airframe; certification; structural integrity; aeroelasticity AB Widespread interest in uncertainty quantification methods for airframe design and certification is driven by the desire to realise acquisition and operational cost savings through increased reliance on analysis; the goal being to design and produce more robust airframes. General sources of uncertainty are described, that complicate airframe design and testing, thereby contributing to the high cost of airframes. Recent applications of uncertainty quantification are reviewed with the objective of highlighting promising research and transition applications. Finally, several challenges and needs are explored to suggest future steps that must be completed to enable practical application of uncertainty quantification in airframe design and certification. C1 USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Pettit, CL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, MS 11-B,590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM pettitcl@usna.edu RI Pettit, Chris/A-1073-2010 NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0268-1900 J9 INT J MATER PROD TEC JI Int. J. Mater. Prod. Technol. PY 2006 VL 25 IS 1-3 BP 211 EP 230 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 007YH UT WOS:000235006900014 ER PT J AU Peng, LS Wijesekera, D Wingfield, TC Michael, JB AF Peng, Leisheng Wijesekera, Duminda Wingfield, Thomas C. Michael, James B. TI An ontology-based distributed whiteboard to determine legal responses to online cyber attacks SO INTERNET RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Security in Information Systems (WOSIS) CY MAY, 2006 CL Paphos, CYPRUS DE systems theory; law; decision support systems; worldwide web AB Purpose - This paper aims to assist investigators and attorneys addressing the legal aspects of cyber incidents, and allow them to determine the legality of a response to cyber attacks by using the Worldwide web securely. Design/methodology/approach - Develop a decision support legal whiteboard that graphically constructs legal arguments as a decision tree. The tree is constructed using a tree of questions and appending legal documents to substantiate the answers that are known to hold in anticipated legal challenges. Findings - The tool allows participating group of attorneys to meet in cyberspace in real time and construct a legal argument graphically by using a decision tree. They can construct sub-parts of the tree from their own legal domains. Because diverse legal domains use different nomenclatures, this tool provides the user the capability to index and search legal documents using a complex international legal ontology that goes beyond the traditional LexisNexis-like legal databases. This ontology itself can be created using the tool from distributed locations. Originality/value - This tool has been fine-tuned through numerous interviews with attorneys teaching and practicing in the area of cyber crime, cyber espionage, and military operations in cyberspace. It can be used to guide forensic experts and law enforcement personnel during their active responses and off-line examinations. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Informat & Software Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Potomac Inst Policy Studies, Arlington, VA USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Peng, LS (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Informat & Software Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM lpeng@gmu.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1066-2243 J9 INTERNET RES JI Internet Res. PY 2006 VL 16 IS 5 BP 475 EP 490 DI 10.1108/10662240610710969 PG 16 WC Business; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Business & Economics; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 111AC UT WOS:000242421800003 ER PT S AU Sasao, T Butler, JT AF Sasao, Tsutomu Butler, Jon T. GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Implementation of Multiple-Valued CAM Functions by LUT Cascades SO ISMVL 2006: 36TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MULTIPLE-VALUED LOGIC SE International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic CY MAY 17-20, 2006 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE ID ARCHITECTURE AB In this paper we introduce three types of multiple. valued content-addressuble incinories (CAMs): ordinary CAMs (CAMs), distance d CAMs, and *CAMs. Ordinary CAMs require an exact match, while *CAMs allow wild-card matches. In a distance d CAM, a match occurs even if at most d digits differ. Then, we define multiple-valued CAM functions represented by these CAMs. Next, we show an approach to realize each CAM function by an LUT cascade, which is a series connection of RAMs. Experimental results for both two-valued and multi-valued cases are shown. C1 [Sasao, Tsutomu] Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. [Butler, Jon T.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sasao, T (reprint author), Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. RI Sasao, Tsutomu/E-9702-2012 FU Japanese Ministry of MEXT via Kitakyushu Innovative Cluster Project; Aid for Scientific Research of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); NSA [RM A54] FX This work was supported by a grant from the Japanese Ministry of MEXT via Kitakyushu Innovative Cluster Project, the Aid for Scientific Research of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), and NSA Contract RM A54. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0195-623X BN 978-0-7695-3197-7 J9 INT SYM MVL PY 2006 BP 69 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIT36 UT WOS:000262505300011 ER PT J AU Masterson, DM AF Masterson, Daniel M. BE Adachi, N TI The Japanese of Peru The first-century experience and beyond SO JAPANESE DIASPORAS: UNSUNG PASTS, CONFLICTING PRESENTS AND UNCERTAIN FUTURES SE Asias Transformations LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 101st Annual Meeting of the American-Anthropological-Association CY NOV 20-24, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Anthropol Assoc C1 [Masterson, Daniel M.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-96884-0 J9 ASIAS TRANSFORM PY 2006 BP 142 EP 158 PG 17 WC Ethnic Studies SC Ethnic Studies GA BOT65 UT WOS:000277554300009 ER PT J AU Shivakumar, KN Argade, SD Sadler, RL Sharpe, MM Dunn, L Swaminathan, G Sorathia, U AF Shivakumar, KN Argade, SD Sadler, RL Sharpe, MM Dunn, L Swaminathan, G Sorathia, U TI Processing and properties of a lightweight fire resistant core material for sandwich structures SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SYNTACTIC FOAMS AB A process for syntactic foam made from fly ash, a waste product of coal combustion from thermal power plants, has been developed using phenolic resin binders at low levels. The fly ash consists of hollow glass or ceramic microspheres and needs to be treated to remove contaminants. The production process is easily scalable and can be tailored to produce foams of desired properties for specific applications. Complex shaped parts also are possible with appropriate compression mold tooling. Mechanical properties, compression, tension, shear and fracture toughness, have been determined in this preliminary investigation on this syntactic material and are found to be comparable or better than commercially available core materials. Initial testing for fire resistance has indicated very encouraging results. Further work is being continued to develop this core material with superior mechanical and fire resistance properties. C1 N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Ctr Composite Mat Res, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Shivakumar, KN (reprint author), N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Ctr Composite Mat Res, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 9 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 1070-9789 J9 J ADV MATER-COVINA JI J. Adv. Mater. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 38 IS 1 BP 32 EP 38 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 023UE UT WOS:000236150900006 ER PT J AU Ludwig, FL Miller, DK Gallaher, SG AF Ludwig, FL Miller, DK Gallaher, SG TI Evaluating a hybrid prognostic-diagnostic model that improves wind forecast resolution in complex coastal topography SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; TERRAIN; FIELDS; INTERPOLATION; TRANSPORT; PREDICTION; SYSTEM AB The results from a hybrid approach that combines the forecasts of a mesoscale model with a diagnostic wind model to produce high-resolution wind forecasts in complex coastal orography are evaluated. The simple diagnostic wind model [Winds on Critical Streamline Surfaces (WOCSS)] was driven with forecasts (on a 9-km grid) from the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) to obtain detailed near-surface wind forecasts with 3-km horizontal spacing. Forecasts were produced by this hybrid model for four cold-season cases-two frontal and two nonfrontal - over the central California coastal region. They were compared with 3-km forecasts from the innermost COAMPS full physics model nest and with winds observed at 35 surface sites scattered throughout the study domain. The evaluation sought to determine the conditions for which the hybrid approach performs well and those for which it does not. The performance (in terms of bias and root-mean-square error) was evaluated 1) when there were and were not fronts and 2) for the early (6-18 h) and late (21-36 h) periods of the mesoscale model forecasts. The geographic distribution of performance was also examined to see if forecasts were affected by mountains and oceans. The hybrid approach performed best during stable, nonfrontal conditions. There were no clearly defined geographic effects on hybrid performance. The computation requirements of the full physics mesoscale model nested down to 3 km are Substantially greater than those of the hybrid approach. Suggestions are given for further improvements. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. USN, Rota, Spain. RP Miller, DK (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Atmospher Sci, RBH 236C,ATMS,1 Univ Hts, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM dmiller@unca.edu NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 45 IS 1 BP 155 EP 177 DI 10.1175/JAM2329.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 038SL UT WOS:000237243900010 ER PT J AU Huh, SW Chung, HJ Nigam, S Polyakov, AY Li, Q Skowronski, M Glaser, ER Carlos, WE Shanabrook, BV Fanton, MA Smirnov, NB AF Huh, SW Chung, HJ Nigam, S Polyakov, AY Li, Q Skowronski, M Glaser, ER Carlos, WE Shanabrook, BV Fanton, MA Smirnov, NB TI Residual impurities and native defects in 6H-SiC bulk crystals grown by halide chemical-vapor deposition SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 4H-SIC EPITAXIAL LAYERS; NITROGEN DOPING CONCENTRATION; NEGATIVE-U CENTERS; SILICON-CARBIDE; DEEP LEVELS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SEMICONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE; MECHANISM; RESONANCE AB A variety of defect-sensitive techniques have been employed to detect, identify, and quantify the residual impurities and native defects in high-purity (undoped) 6H-SiC crystals grown by halide chemical-vapor deposition technique. The incorporation efficiencies of N and B are determined by the site-competition effect. Most notably, material with low residual N levels (similar to 10(14) cm(-3)) can be produced. In addition, the nitrogen concentrations obtained from Hall-effect measurements and low-temperature photoluminescence are systematically lower than those determined from secondary-ion-mass spectrometry. The difference is ascribed to nitrogen forming complexes with native defects. The energy level of this complex is approximately 0.27 eV below the conduction band. Four major electron traps with activation energies of 0.4, 0.5, 0.65, and 1 eV and five hole traps with activation energies of 0.3, 0.4, 0.55, 0.65, and 0.85 eV were observed by deep-level transient spectroscopy. The concentration of all traps decreased strongly with increasing C/Si ratio during growth. Increasing the C/Si flow ratio also led to increased resistivity of the crystals and change of conductivity from conductive n type to high-resistivity p type. The Fermi level in p-type material is pinned either to highly compensated shallow B acceptors or to deep B-related center at 0.6 eV above the valence band. Electron paramagnetic resonance shows the presence of positively charged carbon vacancies in such high-resistivity material. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Penn State Univ, Electroopt Ctr, Freeport, PA 16229 USA. Inst Rare Mat, Moscow 119017, Russia. RP Skowronski, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM mareks@cmu.edu RI Skowronski, Marek/A-8934-2011; Smirnov, Nickolai/K-8935-2015 OI Skowronski, Marek/0000-0002-2087-0068; Smirnov, Nickolai/0000-0002-4993-0175 NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1 AR 013508 DI 10.1063/1.2150593 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 002JH UT WOS:000234607200019 ER PT J AU DeLand, MT Shettle, EP Thomas, GE Olivero, JJ AF DeLand, MT Shettle, EP Thomas, GE Olivero, JJ TI A quarter-century of satellite polar mesospheric cloud observations SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Layered Phenomena in the Mesosphere CY SEP, 2004 CL Cambridge, ENGLAND DE polar mesospheric cloud; noctilucent cloud; remote sensing; scattering ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE TEMPERATURE; NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; SUMMER MESOSPHERE; PARTICLE-SIZE; GLOBAL CHANGE; EXPLORER MEASUREMENTS; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; SOLAR VARIABILITY AB Satellite observations of polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) are extremely valuable because they typically have daily coverage to characterize seasonal variations, sufficient detections for each season to give good statistics, quantitative information for physical analysis, and coverage of both hemispheres to evaluate global behavior. Continuous spectral measurements in the ultraviolet provide information about particle size distributions. A typical PMC season begins approximately 20 days before summer solstice at 80 degrees latitude, rises rapidly in occurrence frequency to 80-90%, and remains at that level until 50-60 days after solstice. Both occurrence frequency and brightness are latitude dependent, with higher values observed toward the poles. PMCs are normally observed at altitudes of 82-83 km, with higher altitudes at the start and end of each season. Hemispheric differences in behavior are also observed. Northern Hemisphere PMCs are consistently both more frequent and brighter than Southern Hemisphere clouds. Cloud height is generally anti-correlated with cloud brightness. The availability of extended PMC data sets from satellites provides the opportunity to evaluate long-term PMC variations over the past few decades. Analysis of these lengthy data sets shows a clear anti-correlation between seasonally averaged PMC parameters (occurrence frequency and brightness) and solar UV activity over the past two solar cycles, in agreement with model predictions. A time lag of similar to 1 year between the solar cycle and the PMC response is present in several data sets (solar variation leads PMC response). The cause is unknown. Multiple regression analysis also indicates long-term increases in both occurrence frequency and brightness, although there is not yet a consensus on the magnitude of the increase. These results are compared with information about concurrent variations in plausible source mechanisms such as mesospheric water vapor and temperature. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SSAI, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. RP SSAI, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 400, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM matthew_deland@ssaihq.com NR 110 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 68 IS 1 BP 9 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2005.08.003 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 002TQ UT WOS:000234634800003 ER PT J AU Hervig, M Siskind, D AF Hervig, M Siskind, D TI Decadal and inter-hemispheric variability in polar mesospheric clouds, water vapor, and temperature SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Layered Phenomena in the Mesosphere CY SEP, 2004 CL Cambridge, ENGLAND DE mesosphere; temperature; water vapor; PMC; solar cycle; HALOE; modeling ID SUMMER MESOSPHERE; NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; GLOBAL CHANGE; MODEL AB Variability in polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs), temperature, and water vapor over decadal time scales and also between hemispheres was examined using measurements from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) covering 1991 to present. HALOE measurements were compared to results from a zonally averaged chemical/dynamics model (CHEM2D). HALOE indicates decadal cycles in temperature, water vapor, and PMCs that are correlated with the 11-year solar cycle. During solar cycle 23, variations in temperature and water vapor were nearly identical in the north and south. Temperatures varied by roughly 5 K at 8 5 km to 1 K at 30 km, with colder temperatures during solar minimum. Water vapor varied by roughly 30% at 85 km to less than 1 % at 30 km, with more water vapor during solar minimum. Solar cycle variations in PMC extinction were roughly 23% in both the south and north, with brighter PMCs occurring during solar minimum. The overall picture given by HALOE is consistent with expectations, where a cooler and wetter mesosphere during solar minimum corresponds to brighter PMCs. CHEN12D confirms the solar cycle variations in temperature indicated by HALOE, but underestimates the observed solar cycle changes in H2O. Comparing southern and northern HALOE measurements reveals warmer temperatures in the south throughout the mesosphere. CHEM2D results show the same pattern, although the model appears to overestimate the magnitude of these north-south differences. HALOE indicates that water vapor is nearly identical in the north and south, while CHEN12D predicts a wetter southern mesosphere. HALOE measurements show that northern PMCs are 30% brighter than southern clouds on average, a difference that must be related to the cooler northern summer mesosphere. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 GATS Inc, Idaho Falls, ID 83422 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP GATS Inc, Idaho Falls, ID 83422 USA. EM m.e.hervig@gats-inc.com NR 27 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 68 IS 1 BP 30 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2005.08.010 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 002TQ UT WOS:000234634800004 ER PT J AU DeLand, MT Shettle, EP Thomas, GE Olivero, JJ AF DeLand, MT Shettle, EP Thomas, GE Olivero, JJ TI Spectral measurements of PMCs from SBUV/2 instruments SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Layered Phenomena in the Mesosphere CY SEP, 2004 CL Cambridge, ENGLAND DE polar mesospheric cloud; PMC; noctilucent cloud; remote sensing; scattering ID POLAR MESOSPHERIC CLOUDS; PARTICLE-SIZE; NITRIC-OXIDE; NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; UPPER-STRATOSPHERE; LIDAR OBSERVATION; ULTRAVIOLET; NLC; THERMOSPHERE; MODEL AB The SBUV/2 (Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet, model 2) instrument is designed to monitor ozone stratospheric profile and total column ozone using measurements of the Earth's backscattered ultraviolet albedo. We have previously demonstrated that the normal radiance measurements from SBUV/2 instruments, which sample 12 discrete wavelengths between 252 and 340nm during each scan, can be used to identify polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs). Some SBU-V/2 instruments also periodically view the earth in continuous scan mode, covering the wavelength range 160-400 nm with 0.15 nm sampling. Analysis of these data show PMC occurrence rates similar to the normal discrete scan results, although the observation technique reduces the number of daily measurements by a factor of six. PMC observed by SBUV/2 instruments show a monotonic variation in the residual spectral albedo over the wavelength range 250-300 nm, with maximum enhancements of 10-15% at 250 run. This result is consistent with microphysical model predictions from Jensen [1989.A numerical model of polar mesospheric cloud formation and evolution, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Colorado]. We find no evidence for a systematic localized increase in PMC residual albedo for wavelengths near 260 nm, in contrast to the recently reported results from the MSX UVISI instrument [Carbary J.F., et al., 2004. Evidence for bimodal particle distribution from the spectra of polar mesospheric clouds. Geophysics Research. Letters 31, L13108]. This result is observed for three different SBUV/2 instruments in both Northern and Southern Hemisphere data over a 13-year span. Our Mie scattering calculations show that the location and magnitude of the 260 nm "hump" feature is dependent upon the specific scattering angles appropriate to the MSX measurements. Although it explains the MSX spectrum, the bimodal size distribution proposed by Carbary et al. (2004), cannot explain the lack of scattering angle dependence of the SBUV/2 spectral shapes. The spectral signature of the SBUV/2 continuous scan PMC data is thus inconsistent with the bimodal particle size distribution suggested by Carbary et al. (2004). (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. RP DeLand, MT (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 400, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM matthew_deland@ssaihq.com NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 68 IS 1 BP 65 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2005.08.006 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 002TQ UT WOS:000234634800007 ER PT J AU Suchan, J AF Suchan, J TI Changing organizational communication practices and norms - A framework SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article DE communication change; communication norms; structuration theory ID CONVERSATIONS; COMPLEXITY; CULTURE; TIME AB Efforts to get workers to change significantly their communication practices often fail. This failure occurs because external consultants, who are often academics, and internal organizational development specialists see changing communication practices as merely introducing new skills rather than altering the way workers habitually think and talk about communication. In this article, the author uses organizational theory and details from his research and consulting experience to explain why changing communication practices is difficult. He proposes a theory-based framework to help the professional and managerial communication disciplines better understand the steps necessary to change communication practice and norms in large, complex organizations. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Suchan, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 17 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1050-6519 J9 J BUS TECH COMMUN JI J. Bus. Tech. Commun. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 5 EP 47 DI 10.1177/1050651905281038 PG 43 WC Business; Communication SC Business & Economics; Communication GA 040CB UT WOS:000237355500001 ER PT J AU Michael, TS AF Michael, TS TI Ryser's embedding problem for hadamard matrices SO JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL DESIGNS LA English DT Article DE Hadamard matrix; embedding; Bush-type Hadamard matrix ID SYMMETRIC DESIGNS; INFINITE CLASSES; EXISTENCE AB What is the minimum order R(a,b) of a Hadamard matrix that contains an a by b suhmatrix of all 1's? Newman showed that (ab)(#) <= R(a,b) <= a(#)b(#), where c denotes the smallest order greater than or equal to c for which a Hadamard matrix exists. It follows that if 4 divides both a and b, and if the Hadamard conjecture is true, then R (a, b) = ab. We establish the improved bounds max{(2[a/2]b)(#), (2[b/2]a)(#)} <= R(a,b) <= min{a(#)b(#), (a/2)(#)(2b)(#), (b/2)(#)(2a)(#)} for min {a, b} >= 2. The Hadamard conjecture therefore implies that if 4 divides both 2ab and [a/2] [b/2], then R(a,b) = 2 (.) max{[a/2]b, [b/2]a}. Our lower bound comes from a counting argument, while our upper bound follows from a sub-multiplicative property of R: R(a(1)a(2), b(1)b(2)) <= R(a(1), b(1)) (.) R(a(2), b(2)). Improvements in our upper bound occur when suitable conference matrices or Bush-type Hadamard matrices exist. We conjecture that any (1,-1)-matrix of size a by b occurs as a submatrix of some Hadamard matrix of order at most R(a,b). (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Michael, TS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM tsm@usna.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1063-8539 J9 J COMB DES JI J. Comb Des. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 14 IS 1 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1002/20063 PG 11 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 993ZW UT WOS:000234000300004 ER PT J AU Boishin, GI Canedy, CL Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Whitman, LJ AF Boishin, GI Canedy, CL Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Whitman, LJ TI AlAs-in-AlSb digital alloy superlattice morphology versus growth temperature SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE interfaces; morphological stability; antimonides; molecular beam epitaxy; superlattices; infrared devices ID V SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURES; QUANTUM-WELLS; LASING PROPERTIES; SURFACES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DEPENDENCE; INTERFACES; ROUGHNESS; INAS/ALSB; LASERS AB We report a systematic study of how growth temperature affects the quality of AlAs-in-AlSb digital alloy superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy for barrier layers in type-II W-structure infrared lasers. Using cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy to characterize the atomic-scale structure of the material, we find substantial differences in the superlattice morphology for growth temperatures between 435 and 540 degrees C. At lower growth temperatures, the AlAs forms three-dimensional clusters, with continuous structures threading through multiple periods of the superlattice. With increasing temperature, the morphology of the digitally doped AlAs layers consistently improves, with nearly perfect delta doping observed at the highest temperatures studied. The changes in the superlattice structure can be attributed primarily to the known temperature dependence of the AlSb growth front morphology, with secondary effects associated with anion-exchange at the interfaces and the different surface reconstructions on the two growth surfaces. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Whitman, LJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Lloyd.Whitman@nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 286 IS 1 BP 32 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.09.031 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 995WM UT WOS:000234135300007 ER PT J AU Cain, JJ Post, NL Lesko, JJ Case, SW Lin, YN Riffle, JS Hess, PE AF Cain, JJ Post, NL Lesko, JJ Case, SW Lin, YN Riffle, JS Hess, PE TI Post-curing effects on marine VARTM FRP composite material properties for test and implementation SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Time-Dependent Behaviors of PMCs (Polymer Matrix Composites) and Polymers CY 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP ASME DE postcure; vinyl ester; VARTM; composite; FTIR; conversion ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; VINYL-ESTER RESINS; THERMOSETTING POLYMERS; CHEMICAL CONVERSION; NETWORK STRUCTURE; KINETICS; SYSTEMS; CURE AB Structural composites are increasingly being utilized in many large naval and civil structures where it is vital that their long-term performance be predictable and their variability definable over the life of the structure. However these properties may be influenced by the degree of cure of the resin, particularly for room-temperature-cured systems. Thus, this investigation defines the postcure effects on E-glass/vinyl-ester fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites manufactured using the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) method, which are typical of those used by the US Navy for ship structures. The composites are differentiated by varying levels of postcure temperature and duration, and examined for the effects of advancing cure at various points in the time after postcure. Pseudo-quasi-isotropic [0/+45/90/-45/0]s and angle ply laminate [+/- 45]2s samples from each level of postcure are examined at 1, 10, 30, 100, and 300 days after postcure in order to track strength, stiffness, failure strain, creep, and fatigue performance as functions of time. In parallel, the matrix polymer is inspected using FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) to directly assess the degree of conversion. Dynamic mechanical analysis and shrinkage measurements are also undertaken to assess the Tg and the amount of shrinkage undergone during post-curing, as well as the advancing of the level of cure during the prescribed aging time. Results suggest that the degree of conversion is limited to 80% for the vinyl-ester oligomer and 90-95% for styrene following a postcure of 93 degrees C. It is observed that after 300 days of ambient storage the nonpostcured samples approach the degree of conversion exhibited by those postcured at 93 degrees C, as measured by FTIR. Resin dominated quasi-static properties are greatly affected by the degree of cure, whereas fiber dominated properties are not. Where the degree of cure is comparatively low, viscoelastic properties cause greater changes in creep response as well as influencing fatigue performance. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Engn Sci Mech, Mat Response Grp, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Cain, JJ (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Engn Sci Mech, Mat Response Grp, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Case, Scott/C-2637-2009; OI Case, Scott/0000-0002-4802-1228 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2006 VL 128 IS 1 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1115/1.2128425 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 011TZ UT WOS:000235292500007 ER PT J AU Wu, EM Kardos, JL AF Wu, EM Kardos, JL TI Fiber composite strength modeling with extension to life prediction SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Time-Dependent Behaviors of PMCs (Polymer Matrix Composites) and Polymers CY 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP ASME ID BUNDLES PROBABILITY MODEL; FIBROUS MATERIALS; FAILURE AB This paper focuses on the probability modeling of fiber composite strength, wherein the failure modes are dominated by fiber tensile failures. The probability model is the trimodal local load-sharing model, which is the Phoenix-Harlow local load-sharing model with the filament failure model extended from one mode to three modes. This model results in increased efficiency in the determination of fiber statistical parameters and in lower cost when applied to (i) quality control in materials (fiber) manufacturing, (ii) materials (fiber) selection and comparison, (iii) accounting or the effect of size scaling in design, and (iv) qualification and certification of critical composite structures that are too large and expensive to test statistically. In addition, possible extensions to proof testing and time-dependent life prediction are discussed and preliminary data are presented. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Pebble Beach, CA 93953 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Wu, EM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 4151 Sunset Lane, Pebble Beach, CA 93953 USA. EM emwusa@hotmail.com; kardos@wustl.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2006 VL 128 IS 1 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1115/1.2128424 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 011TZ UT WOS:000235292500008 ER PT J AU Sanders, BF Bradford, SF AF Sanders, BF Bradford, SF TI Impact of limiters on accuracy of high-resolution flow and transport models SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATIVE DIFFERENCE SCHEME; EQUATORIAL SOLITARY WAVES AB High-resolution finite volume schemes used to predict mass transport and free surface flows utilize limiters such as Minmod, Double Minmod, and Superbee to prevent spurious oscillations commonly associated with second-order accurate schemes. These limiters effectively switch between the classical Lax-Wendroff, Warming-Beam, and Fromm schemes, or amplified versions of these schemes that artificially increase gradient magnitudes to minimize damping of high frequency solution components. A Von Neumann analysis illustrates that gradient or slope amplification reduces numerical dissipation, but also increases the phase error and should therefore be cautiously used. The Double Minmod limiter closely mimics the Fromm scheme and possesses better phase accuracy than the Minmod and Superbee limiters. Near sharp solution gradients, slope amplification used by the Double Minmod and Superbee limiters reduces artificial smearing. The Minmod limiter does not use slope amplification and therefore yields the most solution smearing. Results of model tests show that the combined attributes of the Double Minmod limiter yield more accurate predictions of mass transport and circulation zones in shallow water than those of other limiters such as Minmod and Superbee. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. USN, Res Lab, Image Sci & Applicat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI Sanders, Brett/K-7153-2012 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9399 EI 1943-7889 J9 J ENG MECH JI J. Eng. Mech. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 132 IS 1 BP 87 EP 98 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2006)132:1(87) PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 999GU UT WOS:000234377700009 ER PT J AU Royset, JO Kiureghian, AD Polak, E AF Royset, JO Kiureghian, AD Polak, E TI Optimal design with probabilistic objective and constraints SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article ID OPTIMAL STRUCTURAL DESIGN; RELIABILITY CONSTRAINTS; OPTIMIZATION AB Significant challenges are associated with solving optimal structural design problems involving the failure probability in the objective and constraint functions. In this paper, we develop gradient-based optimization algorithms for estimating the solution of three classes of such problems in the case of continuous design variables. Our approach is based on a sequence of approximating design problems, which is constructed and then solved by a semiinfinite optimization algorithm. The construction consists of two steps: First, the failure probability terms in the objective function are replaced by auxiliary variables resulting in a simplified objective function. The auxiliary variables are determined automatically by the optimization algorithm. Second, the failure probability constraints are replaced by a parametrized first-order approximation. The parameter values are determined in an adaptive manner based on separate estimations of the failure probability. Any computational reliability method, including first-order reliability and second-order reliability methods and Monte Carlo simulation, can be used for this purpose. After repeatedly solving the approximating problem, an approximate solution of the original design problem is found, which satisfies the failure probability constraints at a precision level corresponding to the selected reliability method. The approach is illustrated by a series of examples involving optimal design and maintenance planning of a reinforced concrete bridge girder. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Royset, JO (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, 239 Glasgow Hall, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM joroyset@nps.edu; adk@ce.berkeley.edu; polak@eecs.berkeley.edu NR 31 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2006 VL 132 IS 1 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2006)132:1(107) PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 999GU UT WOS:000234377700011 ER PT J AU McClellan, Y August, RA Gosz, JR Gann, S Parmenter, RR Windsor, M AF McClellan, Y August, RA Gosz, JR Gann, S Parmenter, RR Windsor, M TI Vertical distribution, migration rates, and model comparison of actinium in a semi-arid environment SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE radionuclides; migration; models; actinium; grassland soil; transport ID SURFACE SOILS; RADIONUCLIDES; PROFILES; CS-137; SR-90; I-129 AB Vertical soil characterization and migration of radionuclides were investigated at four radioactively contaminated sites on Kirtland Air Force Base (KAFB), New Mexico to determine the vertical downward migration of radionuclides in a semi-arid environment. The surface soils (0-15cm) were intentionally contaminated with Brazilian sludge (containing (232)Thorium and other radionuclides) approximately 40 years ago, in order to simulate the conditions resulting from a nuclear weapons accident. Site grading consisted of manually raking or machine disking the sludge. The majority of the radioactivity was found in the top 15 cm of soil, with retention ranging from 69 to 88%. Two models, a compartment diffusion model and leach rate model, were evaluated to determine their capabilities and limitations in predicting radionuclide behavior. The migration rates of actinium were calculated with the diffusion compartment and the leach rate models for all sites, and ranged from 0.009 to 0.1 cm/yr increasing with depth. The migration rates calculated with the leach rate models were similar to those using the diffusion compartment model and did not increase with depth (0.045-0.076, 0.0 cm/yr). The research found that the physical and chemical properties governing transport processes of water and solutes in soil provide a valid radionuclide transport model. The evaluation also showed that the physical model has fewer limitations and may be more applicable to this environment. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NRL S&T Reserve Unit, Chattanooga, TN 37406 USA. RP McClellan, Y (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mail Stop 0748, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ymcclel@sandia.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2006 VL 86 IS 2 BP 199 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.08.007 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 018DB UT WOS:000235742900005 PM 16243414 ER PT J AU Wynne, JH Santangelo, MK Lloyd, CT Straube, WL AF Wynne, JH Santangelo, MK Lloyd, CT Straube, WL TI Laboratory study on the immobilization of bacterial spores in arid environments SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE dust; wind erosion; biodegradable; pathogens; hantavirus AB In this study, two effective, non-toxic, wind erosion palliative materials were analyzed for their efficacy in preventing the spread of bacterial spores. Desert sand was employed in a laboratory setting with a non-toxic simulant bacterium in an attempt to accurately represent the spreadability of the hantavirus. Spore simulants were used instead of viruses due to availability, decreased susceptibility to desiccation and detection ability without involving tissue cultures. The simulant was used to contaminate sand in a controlled environment, and an artificial turbulence was introduced using compressed air to generate airflow that could be expected in a desert environment. The airborne spores were identified both qualitatively and quantitatively through microscopy, Gram staining, plating, and incubation to monitor effectiveness. A water-based polysaccharide product, Surtac, was found to be most effective for the immobilization of bacteria on sand and greatly reduced the amount of contaminant that becomes airborne. The results suggest that the two wind erosion products used in this study may be successfully employed to reduce the ability of bacterial spores to spread in and regions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Cty Community Coll, Columbia, MD USA. RP Wynne, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.wynne@nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 573 EP 579 DI 10.1080/10934520600564410 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 030CD UT WOS:000236610000004 PM 16779932 ER PT J AU Alevras, A Powers, RT Price, GL AF Alevras, A Powers, RT Price, GL TI Cocycles for one-parameter flows of B(h) SO JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE completely positive maps; (*)-endomorphisms; E-o-semigroups; cocycles ID POSITIVE SEMIGROUPS; ENDOMORPHISMS; INDEX AB The set of local cocycles is a natural invariant for an E-0-semigroup. It has a multiplicative structure, as well as a partial order structure among its positive elements. In particular, the unitary local cocycles form a topological group which may be appropriately viewed as the automorphism. group of the E-0-semigroup, while the set of positive contractive local cocycles is order isomorphic to the set of flows of completely positive maps dominated by the semigroup. The local cocycles have been computed for the standard, type I examples of the CAR/CCR flows by W. Arveson and R. Bhat. In this paper, we compute for the first time the local cocycles for a class of type II Eo-semigroups of B(h) with index zero, and describe the order structure as well as the multiplication in terms of the boundary weight associated with such a semigroup. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Math, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Price, GL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM alevras@usna.edu; rpowers@math.upenn.edu; glp@usna.edu NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-1236 J9 J FUNCT ANAL JI J. Funct. Anal. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 230 IS 1 BP 1 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.jfa.2005.04.017 PG 64 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 992IL UT WOS:000233877500001 ER PT J AU Sheikh, SI Pines, DJ Ray, PS Wood, KS Lovellette, MN Wolff, MT AF Sheikh, SI Pines, DJ Ray, PS Wood, KS Lovellette, MN Wolff, MT TI Spacecraft navigation using x-ray pulsars SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 14th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 08-12, 2004 CL Maui, HI SP AAS, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID ACCRETING MILLISECOND PULSAR; COORDINATE TIME; SOLAR-SYSTEM; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; NEUTRON-STARS; BINARY-SYSTEM; PROPER TIME; SUPER-NOVAE; EARTH; DISCOVERY AB The feasibility of determining spacecraft time and position using x-ray pulsars is explored. Pulsars are rapidly rotating neutron stars that generate pulsed electromagnetic radiation. A detailed analysis of eight x-ray pulsars is presented to quantify expected spacecraft position accuracy based on described pulsar properties, detector parameters, and pulsar observation times. In addition, a time transformation equation is developed to provide comparisons of measured and predicted pulse time of arrival for accurate time and position determination. This model is used in a new pulsar navigation approach that provides corrections to estimated spacecraft position. This approach is evaluated using recorded flight data obtained from the unconventional stellar aspect x-ray timing experiment. Results from these data provide first demonstration of position determination using the Crab pulsar. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Ultraviolet Xray Astrophys & Anal Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sheikh, SI (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, Bldg 382, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM sheikh@ssl.umd.edu; djpterp@eng.umd.edu; paul.ray@nrl.navy.mil; kent.wood@nrl.navy.mil; michael.lovellette@nrl.navy.mil; michael.wolff@nrl.navy.mil OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 NR 70 TC 99 Z9 161 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 49 EP 63 DI 10.2514/1.13331 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 004VU UT WOS:000234781400005 ER PT J AU Alfriend, KT Lee, DJ Creamer, NG AF Alfriend, KT Lee, DJ Creamer, NG TI Optimal servicing of geosynchronous satellites SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASS Astrodynamics Specialists Conference CY AUG 05-08, 2002 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASS C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USN, Res Lab, Dept Aerosp Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Alfriend, KT (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 3141 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 3 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 203 EP 206 DI 10.2514/1.15602 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 004VU UT WOS:000234781400022 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Rigsby, JT Barth, RB AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Rigsby, John T. Barth, Ryan B. TI Brief communication - Adjacency and proximity searching in the Science Citation Index and Google SO JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE information retrieval; adjacency searching; proximity searching; constrained co-occurrence searching; Science Citation Index; Google; Yahoo; Engineering Compendex; PubMed; OVID; search engine; query AB We have developed simple algorithms that allow adjacency and proximity searching in Google and the Science Citation Index (SCI). The SCI algorithm exploits the fact that SCI stopwords in a search phrase function as a placeholder. Such a phrase serves effectively as a fixed adjacency condition determined by the number n of adjacent stopwords (i.e. retrieve all records where word A and word B are separated by n words in at least one location). The algorithm integrates over search phrases with different numbers of adjacent stopwords to provide a flexible adjacency or proximity capability (i.e. retrieve all records where word A and word B are separated by n or fewer words in at least one location, where n is the maximum separation desired between A and B in at least one location). The Google algorithm exploits the fact that asterisks (in Google) separating words in a phrase function like word wildcards. The difference between two such phrases (the first phrase containing one fewer asterisk than the second phrase) serves effectively as a fixed adjacency or proximity condition, with the number of separating words equal to the number of asterisks in the first phrase. The algorithm integrates over these phrase differentials to provide a flexible adjacency or proximity capability (i.e. retrieve all records where word A and word B are separated by n or fewer words in at least one location, where n is the maximum separation desired between A and B in at least one location). C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. DDL OMNI Engn LLC, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0165-5515 J9 J INF SCI JI J. Inf. Sci. PY 2006 VL 32 IS 6 BP 581 EP 587 DI 10.1177/0165551506067126 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 126GE UT WOS:000243499800006 ER PT J AU Culham, P AF Culham, P TI Ancient Rome: A military and political history. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Culham, P (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 1 BP 212 EP 213 DI 10.1353/jmh.2006.0045 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 000FX UT WOS:000234447400017 ER PT J AU Akers, RT AF Akers, RT TI Grace Hopper: Admiral of the Cyber Sea. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Akers, RT (reprint author), USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 1 BP 281 EP 282 DI 10.1353/jmh.2006.0006 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 000FX UT WOS:000234447400070 ER PT J AU Kramert, KE Small, GW AF Kramert, Kirsten E. Small, Gary W. TI Effects of spectral resolution on the determination of glucose in a simulated biological matrix by Fourier transform near infrared spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE resolution; near infrared; glucose; Fourier transform spectrometry; calibration ID DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; BLOOD-GLUCOSE; INTERFEROGRAMS; ALGORITHM AB The effects of spectral resolution on the performance of partial least-squares (PLS) calibration models were studied in the context of an analysis for physiological levels of glucose by Fourier transform near infrared (NIR) spectrometry in the combination region of 5000 to 4000 cm(-1). Employing a simulated biological matrix of varying levels of triacetin and bovine serum albumin in phosphate buffer, two spectral data sets were evaluated. Single-sided interferograms consisting of 16,384 points collected over a 15,801 cm(-1) bandwidth were Fourier processed to yield spectra with a nominal 2 cm(-1) point spacing. These interferograms were then progressively truncated before Fourier processing to form sets of spectra with reduced resolution. The lower-resolution spectra were also computed with varying levels of zero-filling to evaluate the effects of spectral dimensionality on the PLS models. Across the levels of resolution and zero-filling, 21 parallel groups of spectra were computed with each of the two data sets. Calibration studies were then performed with spectra in absorbance units. Predictive models for glucose were optimised in terms of spectral range, the number of PLS latent variables and the parameters of a pre-processing Fourier filter. Models were evaluated for their performance in both short-term and long-term predictions. Through this research, it was found that models based on spectra with a nominal resolution of 16 cm(-1) performed as well as those computed with higher-resolution spectra. Over the range of 1-20 mM glucose, these models achieved values of the standard error of prediction (SEP) in the range of 0.5 mM for short-term predictions and 0.8 mM for predictions with spectra collected more than 200 days after the calibration data. These results are significant because they help to define the required instrumental characteristics of a potential dedicated NIR glucose sensor. C1 Univ Iowa, Opt Sci & Technol Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Small, GW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gary-small@uiowa.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU N I R PUBLICATIONS PI CHICHESTER PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER PO18 0HY, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0967-0335 J9 J NEAR INFRARED SPEC JI J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. PY 2006 VL 14 IS 5 BP 291 EP 299 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 118JJ UT WOS:000242938300002 ER PT J AU Bullock, MR AF Bullock, MR TI Hypoxia and traumatic brain injury - Response SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Letter ID OXYGEN; PRESSURE C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ Hlth Syst, Richmond, VA USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Bullock, MR (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ Hlth Syst, Richmond, VA USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA UNIV VIRGINIA, 1224 WEST MAIN ST, STE 450, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA SN 0022-3085 J9 J NEUROSURG JI J. Neurosurg. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 104 IS 1 BP 171 EP 172 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 001OX UT WOS:000234547300027 ER PT J AU Kolel-Veetil, MK Keller, TM AF Kolel-Veetil, MK Keller, TM TI Formation of elastomeric network polymers from ambient heterogeneous hydrosilations of carboranylenesiloxane and branched siloxane monomers SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ambient heterogeneous hydrosilation; colloidal; thermal, and thermooxidatively stable carboranylenesiloxanes; crosslinking; high-temperature elastomers; Karstedt; polysiloxanes; silicones; siloxanes ID PLATINUM-CATALYZED HYDROSILYLATION; METAL COMPLEXES; MECHANISM; ALKYNES; OLEFINS; CHAINS; RATES AB The Karstedt catalyst-catalyzed ambient-condition hydrosilation reactions in hexane of a monomeric vinyl-containing carboranylenesiloxane, 1, and three-branched siloxane crosslinker monomers were discovered to produce elastomeric network polymers at very rapid rates of formation. The flexible and transparent films of the saturated elastomeric network polymers were observed to possess low glass-transition temperatures (below -35 degrees C). Similar hydrosilation reactions at two different reactant ratios involving a diethynyl-containing carboranylenesiloxane, 2, and the siloxane crosslinkers produced partially hydrosilated and completely hydrosilated polymeric networked systems, which were transparent and elastomeric at room temperature. The glass-transition temperatures of all the polymeric systems formulated from 2 were below 0 degrees C. The elastomeric polymeric networks from 1 and 2 were found to have degradation temperatures in the range of 500-550 degrees C. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Adv Mat Sect, Mat Chem Branch,Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kolel-Veetil, MK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adv Mat Sect, Mat Chem Branch,Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM manoj.kolel-veetil@nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 44 IS 1 BP 147 EP 155 DI 10.1002/pola.21151 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 995HQ UT WOS:000234091800015 ER PT J AU Farley, LJH Alexander, A Zahn, C Harrison, TA Nielsen, P Branch, W Larsen, W Homas, D AF Farley, LJH Alexander, A Zahn, C Harrison, TA Nielsen, P Branch, W Larsen, W Homas, D TI Far forward gynecologic care of the female soldier SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE military medicine; military hospitals; military personnel ID PERSIAN-GULF-WAR; WOMEN AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value, unit cost and medical effectiveness of providing specialized obstetric and gynecologic care far forward, at echelon III, the combat support hospital (CSH), in the operating theater of Afghanistan during Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), rotation 5. STUDY DESIGN: Between April 2004 and September 2004, records were reviewed from the outpatient gynecology clinic at Bagram Air Field (BAF), in Afghanistan, through an approved protocol request. Cohort analysis was performed on all gynecologic patients. Significant differences in distribution of clinical factors were determined by Student's t test. RESULTS: A total of 62 cases were extracted for analysis over the 6-month period. Fifty-seven total patients were seen at echelon 111, the CSH at BAF, while 5 were sent to level IV or Vechelon care in Landstuhl, Germany. The average distance traveled for the patients coining to BAF was 158 km, while those sent to Germany averaged 5,204 km. The mean travel time in days was significantly lower among patients seen at BAF, 0.5 versus 7 days for patients sent to Germany. The time to appointment was also significantly lower among those patients seen at BAF: 0.04 versus 13 days for patients sent to Germany. CONCLUSION: We devised and implemented the concept of far forward specialized gynecologic care for women participating in OEF. This substantially decreased the woman-hours lost by their individual units. The far forward availability of gynecologic care and the supplies to evaluate and treat abnormal Pap smears should be considered by all military services in their plans for providing health care for the modern female soldier. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Fort Lewis, WA USA. RP Zahn, C (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM john.farley@us.army.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 31 EP 35 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 006BW UT WOS:000234871100007 ER PT J AU Kurtz, CA Humble, BJ Rodosky, MW Sekiya, JK AF Kurtz, CA Humble, BJ Rodosky, MW Sekiya, JK TI Symptomatic Os acromiale SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID ARTHROSCOPIC DECOMPRESSION; IMPINGEMENT; SHOULDER; SECONDARY; ANATOMY; VIEW AB Os acromiale, the joining of the acromion to the scapular spine by fibrocartilaginous tissue rather than bone, is an anatomic variant that has been reported in approximately 80% of the population worldwide. It is more common in blacks and males than in whites and females. Although it is often an incidental finding, os acromiale has been identified as a contributor to shoulder impingement symptoms and rotator cuff tears. When nonsurgical management of a symptomatic os acromiale fails to relieve symptoms, surgical intervention is considered. Options include os acromiale excision, open reduction and internal fixation, and arthroscopic decompression. Excision usually is reserved for small to midsized fragments (preacromion) or after failed open reduction and internal fixation. Persistent deltoid dysfunction may result from excision of a large os acromiale. Open reduction and internal fixation preserves large fragments while maintaining deltoid function. Cannulated screw fixation has been shown to result in good union rates. Arthroscopic techniques have shown mixed results when used for treating impingement secondary to an unstable os acromiale. Associated rotator cuff tears may be addressed arthroscopically or through an open transacromial approach, followed by open reduction and internal fixation of the os acromiale. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Ctr Sports Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Bone & Joint Sport Med Inst,Div Sports Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Ctr Sports Med,Div Shoulder & Elbow Surg, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. RP Sekiya, JK (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Ctr Sports Med, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS PI ROSEMENT PA 6300 N RIVER ROAD, ROSEMENT, IL 60018-4262 USA SN 1067-151X J9 J AM ACAD ORTHOP SUR JI J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 14 IS 1 BP 12 EP 19 PG 8 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 000JY UT WOS:000234459000004 PM 16394163 ER PT J AU Jaskille, A Koustova, E Rhee, P Britten-Webb, J Chen, HZ Valeri, CR Kirkpatrick, JR Alam, HB AF Jaskille, A Koustova, E Rhee, P Britten-Webb, J Chen, HZ Valeri, CR Kirkpatrick, JR Alam, HB TI Hepatic apoptosis after hemorrhagic shock in rats can be reduced through modifications of conventional Ringer's solution SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; PULMONARY APOPTOSIS; FLUID RESUSCITATION; GROWTH-FACTOR; SURVIVAL; PHOSPHORYLATION; PYRUVATE; LIVER; ACTIVATION; MECHANISMS AB BACKGROUND: Resuscitation with racemic lactated Ringer's solution induces cellular apoptosis. This study was conducted to determine if the elimination of D-lactate isomer would attenuate apoptosis in the liver, and to investigate the possible mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN: Sprague Dawley rats (n = 30, 5 per group) were subjected to modified volume-controlled hemorrhage and randomized to the following groups: no hemorrhage (sham); no resuscitation (NR); resuscitation with racemic lactated Ringer's (DL-LR); L-isomer LR (L-LR); ketone (beta-hydroxybuturate) Ringer's (KR); or pyruvate Ringer's (PR). Animals were sacrificed 2 hours later and expressions of proapoptotic proteins (BAD), antiapoptotic (bcl-2) proteins, and poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage in liver were analyzed by Western blotting. Contribution of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine/threonine kinase (PI3k/Akt) pathway was assessed by measuring total and phosphorylated PI3K, Akt, BAD, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) proteins. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to detect the apoptotic cells. Liver ATP levels were measured using a luciferase reaction assay. RESULTS: Hemorrhage significantly decreased the hepatic ATP level and resuscitation improved it, but it returned to normal only in the L-isomer lactated Ringer's and ketone Ringer's groups. Expression of proapoptotic proteins was significantly lower in the pyruvate Ringer's and ketone Ringer's groups; L-isomer lactated Ringer's and pyruvate Ringer's resuscitation significantly increased bcl-2 expression. Poly-ADP ribose polymerase fragmentation and total number of apoptotic cells were significantly increased in the racemic lactated Ringer's group. There was no significant induction of Akt activity or changes in phosphorylated BAD, Akt, or eNOS levels. CONCLUSIONS: Resuscitation with racemic lactated Ringer's induces hepatic apoptosis, which is decreased if the D-isomer of lactate is eliminated. Apoptosis is reduced even more when lactate is substituted with beta-hydroxybutyrate or pyruvate. The beneficial effects are not through improvements in the energy status or activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. C1 Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Div Trauma Emergency Surg & Surg Crit Care, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Washington Hosp Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. USN, Blood Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Alam, HB (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Div Trauma Emergency Surg & Surg Crit Care, 165 Cambridge St,Ste 810, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 202 IS 1 BP 25 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2005.08.027 PG 11 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 042VM UT WOS:000237558700004 PM 16377494 ER PT J AU Baker, WS Pietron, JJ Teliska, ME Bouwman, PJ Ramaker, DE Swider-Lyons, KE AF Baker, Wendy S. Pietron, Jeremy J. Teliska, Margaret E. Bouwman, Peter J. Ramaker, David E. Swider-Lyons, Karen E. TI Enhanced oxygen reduction activity in acid by tin-oxide supported Au nanoparticle catalysts SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ALKALINE-SOLUTIONS; CO OXIDATION; GOLD; PLATINUM; SURFACE; CHEMISORPTION; TEMPERATURE; ELECTRODES; METHANOL AB Gold nanoparticles supported on hydrous tin-oxide (Au-SnOx) are active for the four-electron oxygen reduction reaction in an acid electrolyte. The unique electrocatalytic of the Au-SnO is confirmed by the low amount of peroxide detected with rotating ring-disk electrode voltammetry and Koutecky-Levich analysis. In comparison, 10 wt % Au supported on Vulcan carbon and SnOx catalysts both produce significant peroxide in the acid electrolyte, indicating only a two-electron reduction reaction. Characterization of the Au-SnOx catalyst reveals a high-surface area, amorphous support with 1.7 nm gold metal particles. The high catalytic activity of the Au-SnO is attributed to metal support interactions. The results demonstrate a possible path to non-Pt catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cell cathodes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Baker, WS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM karen.lyons@nrl.navy.mil NR 39 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 44 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 9 BP A1702 EP A1707 DI 10.1149/1.2216527 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 066SO UT WOS:000239250600010 ER PT J AU Bervas, M Mansour, AN Yoon, WS Al-Sharab, JF Badway, F Cosandey, F Klein, LC Amatucci, GG AF Bervas, M Mansour, AN Yoon, WS Al-Sharab, JF Badway, F Cosandey, F Klein, LC Amatucci, GG TI Investigation of the lithiation and delithiation conversion mechanisms of bismuth fluoride nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; POSITIVE ELECTRODES; METAL FLUORIDES; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; LI; VOLTAGE; WINXAS; SYSTEM; CELLS AB Combined in situ X-ray diffraction, in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and selected area electron diffraction analyses have confirmed the occurrence of a reversible conversion reaction in the BiF3/C nanocomposite upon cycling, which leads to the formation of Bi-0 and LiF during lithiation and the reformation of BiF3 during delithiation. It has been shown that only the high-pressure tysonite phase of BiF3 reforms during the oxidation sweep and that no bismuth fluoride compound with an oxidation state of the bismuth lower than 3 is formed as intermediate during the lithiation or delithiation reactions. Finally, it has been demonstrated that the different plateaus or pseudo plateaus observed on the lithiation and delithiation voltage profiles stem from polarization changes brought about by the dramatic structural changes occurring in the nanocomposite upon cycling. A model, based on the variation of the electronic and ionic transport mechanisms as a function of the state of completion of the conversion and reconversion reactions, is proposed to explain those polarization changes. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Energy Storage Res Grp, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bervas, M (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Energy Storage Res Grp, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM gamatucc@rci.rutgers.edu RI Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011 NR 23 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 45 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 4 BP A799 EP A808 DI 10.1149/1.2167951 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 017WI UT WOS:000235723600024 ER PT J AU Holl, SL Colinge, CA Hobart, KD Kub, FJ AF Holl, SL Colinge, CA Hobart, KD Kub, FJ TI UV activation treatment for hydrophobic wafer bonding SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Enhanced hydrophobic bond strength can be achieved by exposing prime grade silicon wafers to ultraviolet (UV) light and heat prior to bonding. The following independent variables were explored: platen temperature, UV exposure time, oxygen-containing vs non-oxygen-containing (nitrogen only) bonding atmosphere, and annealing temperature. The results suggest exposure to UV can be used as an activation process which removes the passivation of the silicon surface rendering the silicon highly reactive. Exposure of silicon wafers to UV appears to be a promising low-temperature surface activation method. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Mech Engn, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Colinge, CA (reprint author), Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Mech Engn, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 7 BP G613 EP G616 DI 10.1149/1.2196673 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 048KF UT WOS:000237945300060 ER PT J AU Gaudon, M Laberty-Robert, C Ansart, F Stevens, P AF Gaudon, M. Laberty-Robert, Ch. Ansart, F. Stevens, P. TI Thick YSZ films prepared via a modified sol-gel route: Thickness control (8-80 mu m) SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC); suspensions; YSZ; ZrO(2); sol-gel methods; films ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; REDUCED TEMPERATURE; ZIRCONIA; ELECTROLYTES; MEMBRANES; MECHANISM; STACKS; DESIGN; ALLOY; SOFCS AB Dip-coated suspensions were used for preparing YSZ layers on both dense and porous substrates. The microstructure of the as-obtained thick films was studied by varying the characteristics of the organic YSZ suspensions (concentration, viscosity, etc.) used as coating bath. The thickness and the microstructure of the films were found to depend on the YSZ powder content and on the polymeric sol/dispersant solution (EtOH-MEK) ratio of the suspensions. The porosity created in the films depends on the r(m) ratio, e.g., the volume fraction of polymeric chains in the green layers. Finally, a comparison of the film thickness on dense and porous substrates showed that films prepared on porous substrates tend to exhibit higher thicknesses. Accordingly, YSZ ceramic films with thickness varying in between 8 and 80 mu m were prepared. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 UPS, CIRIMAT, LCMIE, F-31062 Toulouse 04, France. European Inst Energy Res, EDF, Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Laberty-Robert, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6171,4555 Overlook Ave,South West, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM laberty@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Laberty, Christel/G-8847-2011; OI Laberty-Robert, christel/0000-0003-3230-3164 NR 29 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PY 2006 VL 26 IS 15 BP 3153 EP 3160 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.09.026 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 092GW UT WOS:000241086000014 ER PT J AU Sorensen, DN Quebral, AP Baroody, EE Sanborn, WB AF Sorensen, D. N. Quebral, A. P. Baroody, E. E. Sanborn, W. B. TI Investigation of the thermal degradation of the aged pyrotechnic titanium hydride/potassium perchlorate SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the North-American-Thermal-Analysis-Society CY SEP 19-21, 2005 CL Univ City, CA SP N Amer Thermal Anal Soc DE aging; decomposition; kinetic analysis; potassium perchlorate; pyrotechnic; thermal analysis; titanium hydride AB Titanium hydride/potassium perchlorate (THPP) is a pressure producing pyrotechnic composition consisting of a mixture of titanium dihydride and potassium perchlorate with a small percentage of a Viton binder. The initial phase of the study focused upon chemical analysis of THPP downloaded from parts ranging up to 25 years in age. The DSC curves were too erratic for kinetic analysis; however, high resolution TG curves for the THPP samples revealed a significant difference in the temperature at which the aged materials began displaying mass loss. Isothermal DTA and variable heating rate TG kinetic analysis were employed to determine the activation energy of the THPP. C1 Pacific Sci Energet Mat Co, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Hed Div, Indian Head, MD USA. Appl Ordnance Technol Inc, Waldorf, MD 20602 USA. RP Sanborn, WB (reprint author), Pacific Sci Energet Mat Co, 7073 W Willis Rd, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. EM bill.sanbom@psemc.com NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PY 2006 VL 85 IS 1 BP 151 EP 156 DI 10.1007/s10973-005-7365-5 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 076MA UT WOS:000239961200027 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Casalini, R AF Roland, CM Casalini, R TI Enthalpy relaxation and fragility in polychlorinated biphenyls SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the North-American-Thermal-Analysis-Society CY OCT 04-06, 2004 CL Williamsburg, VA SP N Amer Thermal Anal Soc DE chlorinated biphenyl; fragility; glass transition; PCB; TMDSC ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; THERMODYNAMIC FRAGILITIES; GLASSFORMING LIQUIDS; HEAT SPECTROSCOPY; GLASS-TRANSITION; BRIEF CRITIQUE; POLYMERS; TEMPERATURE; FORMERS; INDEXES AB We employ temperature modulated DSC (TMDSC) to determine the dependence of the fictive temperature on cooling rate for a series of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). From the slopes of semi-logarithmic plots of cooling rate vs. fictive temperature, the latter normalized by the fictive temperature for an arbitrary cooling rate, we determine the enthalpic fragilities. Despite significant differences in glass transition temperature and chemical structure (specifically chlorine content), the PCB have the same fragility. The value of the fragility determined using TMDSC is consistent with the fragility previously determined using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. C1 USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1 BP 87 EP 90 DI 10.1007/s10973-005-7221-7 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 014BA UT WOS:000235452500018 ER PT J AU Antevil, JL Sise, MJ Sack, DI Sasadeusz, KJ Swanson, SM Rivera, L Loine, BR Weingarten, KE Kaminski, SS AF Antevil, JL Sise, MJ Sack, DI Sasadeusz, KJ Swanson, SM Rivera, L Loine, BR Weingarten, KE Kaminski, SS TI Retrievable vena cava filters for preventing pulmonary embolism in trauma patients: A cautionary tale SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY SEP 22, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Assoc Surg Trauma DE venous thrombosis; pulmonary embolism; inferior vena cava; vena cava filters; wound and injuries ID DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS; HIGH-RISK; GREENFIELD FILTER; CLINICAL-EXPERIENCE; ACUTE COMPLICATIONS; FOLLOW-UP; THROMBOEMBOLISM; PLACEMENT; PROPHYLAXIS; INSERTION AB Background: Retrievable vena cava filters (RFs) offer the appeal of short-term prophylaxis for trauma patients temporarily at risk for pulmonary embolism (PE) without the long-term risks of permanent vena cava filters (PFs). However, the evidence that RFs and PFs reduce the risks of PE and death in trauma patients is not conclusive. RFs were introduced at our trauma center in August 2002. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of RFs on our strategy to prevent PE in trauma patients. Methods: We reviewed our trauma registry to compare rates of filter placement, filter-related complications (FRCs), and PE before (Group I: January 2000 to August 15, 2002) and after (Group 11: August 16, 2002 through December 2004) RF introduction. Indication for filter placement, filter retrieval, FRCs, and incidence of PE were compared. Results: There were 5,042 patients in Group I and 5,038 patients in Group II. There was a threefold increase in filter placement in Group II compared with Group I (55 [1.1%] versus 161 [3.2%]; p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the rates of PE (0.2% versus 0.2%, p = 0.636) or major FRCs (1.8% versus 2.5%, p = 0.777). Major FRCs included two filter infections with sepsis, one vena cava thrombotic occlusion, one filter lodged in the jugular vein during retrieval, and one PE after filter placement. RF removal was attempted in 43 (27%) patients and successful in 33 (21%). Conclusion: The advent of RFs was associated with a threefold increase in vena cava filter placement in our trauma center. Major FRCs were encountered and a very low incidence of PE was not altered by their use. Successful removal could be verified in only 21 % of RFs. The results of this study lead us to question the rationale for a more liberal use of vena cava filters in trauma patients. C1 Scripps Mercy Hosp, Div Trauma, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Sise, MJ (reprint author), Scripps Mercy Hosp, Div Trauma, MER 62,4077 5th Ave, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM sise.mike@scrippshealth.org OI Lome, Barbara/0000-0001-5898-7459 NR 37 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JAN PY 2006 VL 60 IS 1 BP 35 EP 39 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000197607.23019.ab PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 008UN UT WOS:000235066300010 PM 16456434 ER PT J AU Ayuste, EC Chen, HZ Koustova, E Rhee, P Ahuja, N Chen, Z Valeri, CR Spaniolas, K Mehrani, T Alam, HB AF Ayuste, EC Chen, HZ Koustova, E Rhee, P Ahuja, N Chen, Z Valeri, CR Spaniolas, K Mehrani, T Alam, HB TI Hepatic and pulmonary apoptosis after hemorrhagic shock in swine can be reduced through modifications of conventional Ringer's solution SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY SEP 22, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Assoc Surg Trauma DE hemorrhage; liver; lung; swine; apoptosis; metabolism; cytokines; resuscitation; Ringers solutions; ketone ID ADHESION MOLECULE-1 EXPRESSION; OPERATION-IRAQI-FREEDOM; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; FLUID RESUSCITATION; NEUTROPHIL ACTIVATION; RAT MODEL; PYRUVATE; MECHANISMS; SYSTEM; EXPERIENCE AB Background: cytotoxic properties of racemic (D-,L-isomers) lactated Ringer's solution detected in vitro and in small animal experiments, have not been confirmed in large animal models. Our hypothesis was that in a clinically relevant large animal model of hemorrhage, resuscitation with racemic lactated Ringer's solution would induce cellular apoptosis, which can be attenuated by elimination of D-lactate. Methods: Yorkshire swine (n = 49, weight 40-58 kg) were subjected to uncontrolled (iliac arterial and venous injuries) and controlled hemorrhage, totaling 40% of estimated blood volume. They were randomized (n = 7/group) to control groups, which consisted of (1) no hemorrhage (NH), (2) no resuscitation (NR), or resuscitation groups, which consisted of (3) 0.9% saline (NS), (4) racemic lactated Ringer's (DL-LR), (5) L-isomer lactated Ringer's (L-LR), (6) Ketone Ringer's (KR), (7) 6% hetastarch in 0.9% saline (Hespan). KR was identical to LR except for equimolar substitution of lactate with beta-hydroxybutyrate. Resuscitation was performed in three phases, simulating (1) prehospital, (2) operative, (3) postoperative/recovery periods. Arterial blood gasses, circulating cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1, -6, -10), and markers of organ injury were serially measured. Metabolic activity of brain, and liver, was measured with microdialysis. Four hours postinjury, organs were harvested for Western blotting, ELISA, TUNEL assay, and immunohistochemistry. Results: All resuscitation strategies restored blood pressure, but clearance of lactic acidosis was impeded following DL-LR resuscitation. Metabolic activity decreased during shock and improved with resuscitation, without any significant inter-group differences. Levels of cytokines in circulation were similar, but tissue levels of TNF in liver and lung increased six- and three-folds (p < 0.05) in NR group. In liver, all resuscitation strategies significantly decreased TNF levels compared with the NR group, but in the lung resuscitation with lactated Ringer (DL and L isomers) failed to decrease tissue TNF levels. DL-LR resuscitation also increased apoptosis (p < 0.05) in liver and lung, which was not seen after resuscitation with other solutions. Conclusions: In this large animal model of hemorrhagic shock, resuscitation with conventional (racemic) LR solution increased apoptotic cell death in liver and lung. This effect can be prevented by simple elimination Of D-lactate from the Ringer's solution. C1 Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Div Trauma Emergency Surg & Surg Crit Care, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Philippines, Philippine Gen Hosp, Med Ctr, Manila, Philippines. Washington Hosp Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA USA. RP Alam, HB (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Div Trauma Emergency Surg & Surg Crit Care, 165 Cambridge St,Suite 810, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM hbalam@partners.org NR 43 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JAN PY 2006 VL 60 IS 1 BP 52 EP 62 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000200156.05397.0b PG 11 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 008UN UT WOS:000235066300014 PM 16456436 ER PT J AU Drusinsky, D AF Drusinsky, Doron TI On-line monitoring of metric temporal logic with time-series constraints using alternating finite automata SO JOURNAL OF UNIVERSAL COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE formal specification; temporal logic; run-time monitoring; run-time verification; alternating automata; time series; assertions; reactive systems AB In this paper we describe a technique for monitoring and checking temporal logic assertions augmented with real-time and time-series constraints, or Metric Temporal Logic Series (MTLS). The method is based on Remote Execution and Monitoring ( REM) of temporal logic assertions. We describe the syntax and semantics of MTLS and a monitoring technique based on alternating finite automata that is efficient for a large set of frequently used formulae and is also an on-line technique. We investigate the run-time data-structure size for several interesting assertions taken from the Kansas State specification patterns. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. Time Rover Inc, Cupertino, CA USA. RP Drusinsky, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM ddrusins@nps.edu NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU GRAZ UNIV TECHNOLGOY, INST INFORMATION SYSTEMS COMPUTER MEDIA-IICM PI GRAZ PA INFFELDGASSE 16C, GRAZ, A-8010, AUSTRIA SN 0948-695X J9 J UNIVERS COMPUT SCI JI J. Univers. Comput. Sci. PY 2006 VL 12 IS 5 BP 482 EP 498 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 074CK UT WOS:000239789800002 ER PT J AU Muratore, C Walton, SG Leonhardt, D Fernsler, RF AF Muratore, C Walton, SG Leonhardt, D Fernsler, RF TI Control of plasma flux composition incident on TiN films during reactive magnetron sputtering and the effect on film microstructure SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID BEAM-GENERATED PLASMAS; INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; PHYSICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TITANIUM NITRIDE; ASSISTED DEPOSITION; ION IRRADIATION; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; SUBSTRATE; COATINGS AB A hybrid plasma enhanced physical vapor deposition (PEPVD) system consisting of an unbalanced dc magnetron and a pulsed electron beam-produced plasma was used to deposit reactively Sputtered titanium nitride thin films. The system allowed for control of the magnitudes of the ion and neutral flux, in addition to the type of nitrogen ions (atomic or molecular) that comprised the flux. For all deposition experiments, the magnitude of the ion flux incident on the substrate was held constant, but the composition of the total flux was varied. X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy showed that crystallographic texture and surface morphology of the films were affected by the plasma flux composition during growth. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Muratore, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Tribol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM chris.muratore@wpafb.af.mil NR 39 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 24 IS 1 BP 25 EP 29 DI 10.1116/1.2134706 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 005HV UT WOS:000234814100004 ER PT J AU Baldwin, JW Zalalutdinov, M Feygelson, T Butler, JE Houston, BH AF Baldwin, JW Zalalutdinov, M Feygelson, T Butler, JE Houston, BH TI Fabrication of short-wavelength photonic crystals in wide-band-gap nanocrystalline diamond films SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID RESIST AB Nanocrystalline diamond films and e-beam patterning techniques have been used to fabricate visible to near-infrared photonic slab crystals (PhCs) with deep submicron feature sizes. Two methods of fabrication, both based on electron-beam lithography, have been explored and are detailed in this Communication. The first method uses direct patterning of flowable oxide as a hard mask for a subsequent highly anisotropic oxygen plasma reactive ion etching of the nanocrystalline diamond film. The second method involves image inversion and employs an organic-inorganic bilayer resist structure that planarizes the surface and provides for a well-controlled undercut. The subsequent metal evaporation and lift-off creates a metal mask with 100 nm features demonstrating fine control over edge roughness that is not compromised by the nanocrystalline roughness of the diamond film. Chromium etch mask and oxygen plasma were used to fabricate the diamond PhC. With the proper choice of metal mask and reactive ion etch, this technique can be applied to a wide range of nanocrystalline and polycrystalline films and will enable further scaling into the sub-100 nm regime. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. RP Houston, BH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM houston@code7136.nrl.navy.mil RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 12 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 24 IS 1 BP 50 EP 54 DI 10.1116/1.2138722 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 019OF UT WOS:000235845900010 ER PT J AU Mohammad, SN Eddy, CR Kub, F AF Mohammad, SN Eddy, CR Kub, F TI Ion-implanted edge termination for GaN Schottky diode rectifiers SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE; POWER DEVICES; SEMICONDUCTORS; SIMULATION; DESIGN AB Two-dimensional theoretical simulations have been carried out to investigate the effect of an ion-implanted high-resistivity guard ring structure on the performance of n-GaN Schottky diode rectifiers for high-power applications. The guard ring, made of p-type implantation, exhibited a Gaussian profile. Calculated forward current-voltage characteristics, reverse breakdown voltage, and leakage current as functions of the peak implant doping and of the characteristic length of the implanted doping in the lateral x direction give a good estimate of the influence of guard ring on the device performance. A judiciously formed guard ring can yield a room-temperature reverse breakdown voltage as high as 3000 V and a reverse leakage current as low as similar to 10(-8) A. However, the reverse leakage current, for example, for an applied bias of -50 V, increases to similar to 10(-5) A at 400 K. One crucial feature of the present study is the investigation of the optimal distance between the metal edge and the edge of the implanted region, which tends to significantly dictate the quality of the diode rectifiers. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM snmohammad2002@yahoo.com NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 16 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 24 IS 1 BP 178 EP 184 DI 10.1116/1.2151225 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 019OF UT WOS:000235845900031 ER PT J AU Mott, DR Howell, PB Golden, JP Kaplan, CR Ligler, FS Oran, ES AF Mott, DR Howell, PB Golden, JP Kaplan, CR Ligler, FS Oran, ES TI Toolbox for the design of optimized microfluidic components SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID MICROMIXERS; MIXER; ELECTROPHORESIS; MICROCHANNELS; MODEL AB A computational "toolbox'' for the a priori design of optimized microfluidic components is presented. These components consist of a microchannel under low-Reynolds number, pressure-driven flow, with an arrangement of grooves cut into the top and bottom to generate a tailored cross-channel flow. An advection map for each feature (i.e., groove of a particular shape and orientation) predicts the lateral transport of fluid within the channel due to that feature. We show that applying these maps in sequence generates an excellent representation of the outflow distribution for complex designs that combine these basic features. The effect of the complex three-dimensional flow field can therefore be predicted without solving the governing flow equations through the composite geometry, and the resulting distribution of fluids in the channel is used to evaluate how well a component performs a specified task. The generation and use of advection maps is described, and the toolbox is applied to determine optimal combinations of features for specified mixer sizes and mixing metrics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mott, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Howell, Peter/E-6214-2010; Howell, Peter/H-8710-2012; OI Howell, Peter/0000-0003-3673-3145; Mott, David/0000-0002-7863-456X NR 17 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2006 VL 6 IS 4 BP 540 EP 549 DI 10.1039/b516459a PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 027AX UT WOS:000236386500011 PM 16572217 ER PT J AU Shikle, JF Campenot, ES O'Hara, TW AF Shikle, JF Campenot, ES O'Hara, TW TI Is there a difference in the results of high risk human papillomavirus testing in cases of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance yhen microorganisms are reported? SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 95th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 11-17, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 86 SU 1 MA 297 BP 67A EP 67A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 996WY UT WOS:000234207600297 ER PT S AU Wolford, MF Myers, MC Giuliani, JL Sethian, JD Hegeler, F AF Wolford, MF Myers, MC Giuliani, JL Sethian, JD Hegeler, F BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH Ilchenko, VS Giesen, A Nickel, D Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT TI Electra: repetitively pulsed 700 J, 100 ns electron beam pumped KrF laser - art. no. 61011M SO Laser Beam Control and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Laser Beam Control and Applications CY JAN 22-26, 2006 CL San Jose, CA DE KrF; lasers; fusion; electron beam; oscillator ID KRYPTON FLUORIDE LASERS; FUSION ENERGY; PERFORMANCE; POWER; INCOHERENCE; OSCILLATOR; AMPLIFIERS AB Electra is a repetitively pulsed, electron beam pumped Krypton Fluoride (KrF) laser at the Naval Research Laboratory that is developing technologies to meet the Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) requirements for durability, efficiency, and cost. Electra has demonstrated single shot and rep-rate laser energies as an oscillator exceeding 700 J with 100 ns pulsewidth at 248 nm. Peak output of 731 J laser energy in single shot operation demonstrates a total pulse intrinsic efficiency of 8.3%, and an intrinsic efficiency during the flat-top region of 9.6%. Improvements in the window transmissivity from the present 93% to excimer grade fused silica with anti-reflection coatings on both sides could provide up to 17% enhancement of the output intensity, and likewise for the efficiency. The Electra KrF gain measured in 4 positions of the laser aperture in an amplifier configuration demonstrates near field uniformity. In addition, the amplifier and oscillator results are qualitatively consistent in the pressure dependence on KrF yield. A quantitative Rigrod analysis and comparison is provided at the peak oscillator yield conditions for both, oscillator and amplifier, configurations. Continuous operation of the KrF laser at 300 J has lasted for 2.5 hours without failure at 1 Hz. Successful operation at 5 Hz with 400 J per pulse output has occurred in bursts of 100 seconds. In all of these runs the laser pulse waveform is extremely consistent from the first shot to the last. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wolford, MF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wolford, Matthew/D-5834-2013 OI Wolford, Matthew/0000-0002-8624-1336 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6143-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6101 BP M1011 EP M1011 AR 61011M DI 10.1117/12.644847 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BEE62 UT WOS:000236975200048 ER PT J AU Willey, A Anderson, RR Azpiazu, JL Bakus, AD Barlow, RJ Dover, JS Garden, JM Kilmer, SL Landa, N Manstein, D Ross, EV Sadick, N Tanghetti, EA Yaghmai, D Zelickson, BD AF Willey, A Anderson, RR Azpiazu, JL Bakus, AD Barlow, RJ Dover, JS Garden, JM Kilmer, SL Landa, N Manstein, D Ross, EV Sadick, N Tanghetti, EA Yaghmai, D Zelickson, BD TI Complications of laser dermatologic surgery SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE complications; safety ID INTENSE PULSED-LIGHT; PORT-WINE STAIN; PROPHYLACTIC ANTIBIOTICS; SKIN; INFECTION; RADIOFREQUENCY; DEVICE; PHOTOTHERMOLYSIS; PHOTOCOAGULATION; VALACYCLOVIR AB Background and Objective: Innovations in lasers, light and radiofrequency devices have allowed for improved therapeutic efficacy and safety and the ability to treat patients with an ever-increasing number of medical and aesthetic indications. Safety remains a primary concern and the timely communication of complications and their management is vital to insure that treatments be as safe as possible. The purpose of this report on the Proceedings of the First International Laser Surgery Morbidity Meeting is to provide laser experts the opportunity to present and discuss complications that their patients have experienced and how they were successfully managed. Methods: Laser experts were invited to present complications of laser, light, and radiofrequency treatments that their patients have experienced and to discuss the potential mechanisms leading to the complications their management and final outcomes. Results: Nineteen unique cases are presented and the clinical management of each case discussed. Eighteen sets of pre- and post-operative photos are presented. Conclusion: This report shows that even experts, with extensive experience using light-based therapies, can and do have patients who develop complications. Sound clinical judgment, and knowing how to avoid complications and their timely post-operative management, is essential to insure optimal therapeutic outcome. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Dermatol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Wellman Ctr Photomed, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Dermitek Clin Dermatol Laser & Aesthet Surg, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain. Northwestern Univ, Dept Dermatol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. St Thomas Hosp, St Johns Inst Dermatol, London SE1 7EH, England. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. SkinCare Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Laser & Skin Surg Ctr No Calif, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Dermatol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Ctr Dermatol & Laser Surg, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Abbott NW Hosp, Ctr Cosmet Care, Edina, MN USA. Skin Specialists Ltd, Minneapolis, MN 55402 USA. RP Zelickson, BD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Dermatol, 420 Delaware St SE,MMC 98, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM zelic002@earthlink.net NR 46 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 38 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1002/lsm.20286 PG 15 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 009YN UT WOS:000235149600001 PM 16444692 ER PT J AU Ross, EV Lee, MWC Davenport, S AF Ross, EV Lee, MWC Davenport, S TI Application of a programmable infrared flashlamp for hair reduction in all skin types SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY APR 05-09, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. E Bay Laser & Skin Care Ctr, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Cutera Corp, Brisbane, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2006 SU 18 MA 56 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 027JY UT WOS:000236412900054 ER PT J AU Schulze, RA Harrison, B Ross, EV AF Schulze, RA Harrison, B Ross, EV TI Successful hair reduction with 810 nm diode laser coupled with bipolar radiofrequency SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY APR 05-09, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2006 SU 18 MA 58 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 027JY UT WOS:000236412900056 ER PT J AU Uebelhoer, NS Bogle, M Rohrer, TE Arndt, KA Dover, J AF Uebelhoer, NS Bogle, M Rohrer, TE Arndt, KA Dover, J TI Comparison of KTP (532 nm, Gemini) with pulsed dye laser (595 nm; V-beam) in the treatment of facial telangectasia and redness SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY APR 05-09, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. SkinCare Phys Chestnut Hill, Chestnut Hill, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2006 SU 18 MA 71 BP 23 EP 23 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 027JY UT WOS:000236412900069 ER PT J AU Bogle, MA Ubelhoer, N Weiss, RA Mayoral, F Kaminer, MS AF Bogle, MA Ubelhoer, N Weiss, RA Mayoral, F Kaminer, MS TI Evaluation of the multiple pass, low fluence algorithm for radiofrequency tightening of the lower face SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY APR 05-09, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 Laser & Cosmet Surg Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. SkinCare Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA USA. Maryland Laser Skin & Vein Inst, Hunt Valley, MA USA. RI mayoral, fermin/C-2652-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2006 SU 18 MA 93 BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 027JY UT WOS:000236412900091 ER PT J AU Ross, EV Thomas, BC Clinton, TS Paithakar, DY AF Ross, EV Thomas, BC Clinton, TS Paithakar, DY TI Variable depth laser skin heating and tightening SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY APR 05-09, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Candela Corp, Wayland, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2006 SU 18 MA 97 BP 32 EP 32 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 027JY UT WOS:000236412900095 ER PT J AU Meehan, KJ Domankevitz, Y Trafeli, JP Annandono, J Ross, EV AF Meehan, KJ Domankevitz, Y Trafeli, JP Annandono, J Ross, EV TI The long pulse alexandite laser as a skin rejuvenation tool SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY APR 05-09, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Candela Corp, Wayland, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2006 SU 18 MA 123 BP 39 EP 39 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 027JY UT WOS:000236412900117 ER PT J AU Meehan, KJ Domankevitz, Y Trafeli, JP Annandono, J Jacoby, M Ross, EV AF Meehan, KJ Domankevitz, Y Trafeli, JP Annandono, J Jacoby, M Ross, EV TI Use of a variable long pulse alexandrite laser in the treatment of superficial leg veins SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY APR 05-09, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Candela Corp, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2006 SU 18 MA 121 BP 39 EP 39 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 027JY UT WOS:000236412900115 ER PT J AU Meehan, KJ Domankevitz, Y Trafeli, JP Annandono, J Jacoby, M Ross, EV AF Meehan, KJ Domankevitz, Y Trafeli, JP Annandono, J Jacoby, M Ross, EV TI Use of a variable long pulse alexandrite laser in the treatment of facial telangiectasias SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY APR 05-09, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Candela Corp, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2006 SU 18 MA 237 BP 68 EP 68 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 027JY UT WOS:000236412900209 ER PT S AU Guenthner, AJ Wright, ME Fallis, S Lindsay, GA Petteys, BJ Yandek, GR Zang, DY Sanghadasa, M Ashley, PR AF Guenthner, Andrew J. Wright, Michael E. Fallis, Stephen Lindsay, Geoffrey A. Petteys, Brian J. Yandek, Gregory R. Zang, De-Yu Sanghadasa, Mohan Ashley, Paul R. BE Norwood, RA Eich, M Nunzi, JM TI Polyimides with attached chromophores for improved performance in electro-optical devices - art. no. 63310M SO Linear and Nonlinear Optics of Organic Materials VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Linear and Nonlinear Optics of Organic Materials VI CY AUG 15-17, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE polyimide; electro-optical modulator; polymer processing; non-linear optical chromophore ID OPTICAL WAVE-GUIDES; 2ND-ORDER NONLINEAR OPTICS; FUNCTIONALIZED POLYIMIDES; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; THERMAL-STABILITY; CROSS-LINKING; POLYMERS; TEMPERATURE; DESIGN AB A method of chemical synthesis that allows for the facile attachment of a wide variety of chemical compounds, including highly active nonlinear optical chromophores, to polyimides has been developed recently at the Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division. The synthesis of these compounds is presented, along with a discussion of their relevant physical and chemical properties, alone and in comparison to equivalent guest/host materials. Examples of attached chromophores include the well-known Disperse Red 1, along with high-activity chromophores of more recent interest such as FTC and CLD. The synthesis of structures that contain both attached chromophores and chemical functionalities that enable thermal cross-linking of the polyimides is also discussed. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Guenthner, AJ (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 498220D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6410-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6331 BP M3310 EP M3310 AR 63310M DI 10.1117/12.681414 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BFI59 UT WOS:000242040400019 ER PT J AU Dark, ML Moore, MH Shenoy, DK Shashidhar, R AF Dark, ML Moore, MH Shenoy, DK Shashidhar, R TI Rotational viscosity and molecular structure of nematic liquid crystals SO LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION AB An electro-optical technique was used to measure the rotational viscosity of nematic liquid crystals, whose structures were chosen to investigate the effects of linking groups and lateral groups on rotational viscosity. These results are compared with the theory developed by Osipov and Terentjev. It is shown that the theory is useful in predicting rotational viscosity for specific molecular structures. The agreement between theory and experiment is found to be good for all the liquid crystals studied. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shenoy, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dshenoy@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-8292 J9 LIQ CRYST JI Liq. Cryst. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 33 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1080/02678290500450634 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 001KU UT WOS:000234532800007 ER PT J AU Ferrer, G Swaminathan, JM AF Ferrer, G Swaminathan, JM TI Managing new and remanufactured products SO MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE remanufacturing; duopoly; self-selection; product-line pricing ID REVERSE LOGISTICS; DURABLE GOODS; TRADE-INS; MODELS; MANAGEMENT; MARKETS; SYSTEMS AB We study a firm that makes new products in the first period and uses returned cores to offer remanufactured products, along with new products, in future periods. We introduce the monopoly environment in two-period and multiperiod scenarios to identify thresholds in remanufacturing operations. Next, we focus our attention on the duopoly environment where an independent operator (10) may intercept cores of products made by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) to sell remanufactured products in future periods. We characterize the production quantities associated with self-selection and explore the effect of various parameters in the Nash equilibrium. Among other results, we find that if remanufacturing is very profitable, the original-equipment manufacturer may forgo some of the first-period margin by lowering the price and selling additional units to increase the number of cores available for remanufacturing in future periods. Further, as the threat of competition increases, the OEM is more likely to completely utilize all available cores, offering the remanufactured products at a lower price. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ N Carolina, Kenan Flagler Business Sch, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Ferrer, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM gferrer@nps.edu; msj@unc.edu OI Ferrer, Geraldo/0000-0003-1395-6143 NR 27 TC 196 Z9 240 U1 18 U2 103 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0025-1909 J9 MANAGE SCI JI Manage. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 52 IS 1 BP 15 EP 26 DI 10.1287/mnsc.1050.0465 PG 12 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 016UJ UT WOS:000235645700002 ER PT J AU McCue, L Alford, L Belknap, W Bulian, G Delorme, L Francescutto, A Lugni, C Troesch, A Vakakis, A AF McCue, L Alford, L Belknap, W Bulian, G Delorme, L Francescutto, A Lugni, C Troesch, A Vakakis, A TI An overview of the minisymposium on extreme ship dynamics presented at the 2005 SIAM conference on applications of dynamical systems SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY AND SNAME NEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Extreme Ship Dynamics held the Annual Conference of the Society-for-Industrial-and-Applied-Mathematics CY MAY 22-26, 2005 CL Snowbird, UT SP Soc Ind & Appl Math ID SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; FLOODED SHIP; RESONANCE CAPTURE; ROLL MOTION; WAVES; SIMULATION AB This paper provides an overview of the work presented during the two-part minisymposium on Extreme Ship Dynamics at the 2005 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) Conference on Applications of Dynamical Systems held in Snowbird, Utah, from May 22 to 26, 2005. The topics covered included theoretical and experimental treatments of seakeeping, capsize, general oscillators, parametric roll, and hydrodynamics. A roundtable discussion focused on means to validate numerical simulation tools. C1 Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Seakeeping Div,Hydromech Dept, W Bethesda, MI USA. Univ Trieste, DINMA, Trieste, Italy. Univ Politecn Madrid, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Navales, Madrid, Spain. INSEAN, Italian Ship Model Basin, Rome, Italy. Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Appl Math & Phys Sci, Athens, Greece. RP McCue, L (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Lugni, Claudio/C-5382-2016; OI Lugni, Claudio/0000-0003-3747-6048; Bulian, Gabriele/0000-0001-9825-7952; FRANCESCUTTO, ALBERTO/0000-0002-0299-1464 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0025-3316 J9 MAR TECHNOL SNAME N JI Mar. Technol. Sname News PD JAN PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 55 EP 61 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 001GS UT WOS:000234522200008 ER PT S AU Collins, MD Simpson, HJ Soukup, RJ Collis, JM Kusel, ET Jerzak, W Outing, DA Siegmann, WL AF Collins, Michael D. Simpson, Harry J. Soukup, Raymond J. Collis, Jon M. Kusel, Elizabeth T. Jerzak, Wayne Outing, Donald A. Siegmann, William L. BE Nilsson, B Fishman, L TI Parabolic equation techniques for range-dependent seismo-acoustics SO MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF WAVE PHENOMENA SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Mathematical Modeling of Wave Phenomena CY AUG 14-19, 2005 CL Vaxjo, SWEDEN SP Swedish Res Council, Vaxjo Univ, Int Ctr Math Modeling DE elasticity; shear waves; ocean acoustics; parabolic wave equation ID WAVE-PROPAGATION; ELASTIC MEDIA; INTERFACE; BOTTOM; GUIDES; DEPTH AB Some recent progress in the development of parabolic equation techniques for range-dependent seismo-acoustics is discussed. An improved formulation makes it possible to handle arbitrary stratification and all wave types. Range dependence can be handled with greater accuracy by using approaches based on rotating coordinates and single scattering. One of the ways the parabolic solutions are being tested is through comparison with data. C1 [Collins, Michael D.; Simpson, Harry J.; Soukup, Raymond J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Collis, Jon M.; Kusel, Elizabeth T.; Jerzak, Wayne; Outing, Donald A.; Siegmann, William L.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Collins, MD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0325-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 834 BP 130 EP + PG 2 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Acoustics; Engineering; Physics GA BEK75 UT WOS:000237610000013 ER PT S AU Restaino, SR Andrews, J Martinez, T Payne, D Wick, D Wilcox, C AF Restaino, Sergio R. Andrews, Jonathan Martinez, Ty Payne, Don Wick, Dave Wilcox, Christopher BE Olivier, SS Tadigadapa, SA Henning, AK TI MEMs based adaptive optics systems: The Naval Research Laboratory program - art. no. 61130E SO MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications III CY JAN 23-25, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, NSF Sci & Technol Ctr, Ctr Adapt Opt DE MEM; adaptive optics; wavefront compensation ID MEMBRANE MIRROR AB The use of adaptive and active optics (AO) is enabling the construction and test of flexible optical systems with performances unprecedented. This flourishing of technical advances is also due to the availability of new technologies that are much lower in cost, much easier to implement and use. Among these new technologies the use of Micro-Electro-Machined (MEM) mirrors is one of the primary sources of innovation. Several groups are actively working in bringing to fruition AO systems based on MEMs technologies and at the same time several groups are working to improve the MEMs technology and tailor it more and more towards various aspects of the AO problems. In this paper we will presents an overview of MEMs adaptive optics problems. We will especially focus on our experience in this field and discuss results from our AO system. We will discuss pros and cons on the use of MEM for adaptive optics and elaborate on our experience on field-testing of these devices. This paper will also briefly discuss the broader use of adaptive optics in fields other than atmospheric compensation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7200,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6155-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6113 BP E1130 EP E1130 AR 61130E DI 10.1117/12.649286 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BEF95 UT WOS:000237171400012 ER PT S AU Wilcox, CC Andrews, JR Restaino, SR Martinez, T Teare, SW Payne, DM AF Wilcox, Christopher C. Andrews, Jonathan R. Restaino, Sergio R. Martinez, Ty Teare, Scott W. Payne, Don M. BE Olivier, SS Tadigadapa, SA Henning, AK TI Frequency stability of combined wavefront corrective elements for adaptive optics - art. no. 61130F SO MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications III CY JAN 23-25, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, NSF Sci & Technol Ctr, Ctr Adapt Opt ID SYSTEM AB In most adaptive optics systems, there are two elements that control wavefront correction, a fast steering mirror that corrects tip and tilt and a deformable element that corrects higher order aberrations. By mounting the deformable element onto the tip/tilt platform, complete wavefront compensation is now possible at one location in an optical system. The advantage of mounting a lightweight Micro Electro-Machined (MEM) deformable mirror on a tip/tilt stage is both fewer optical components and a simpler alignment process. The impact on the frequency stability of the of the MEM device on the tip/tilt platform is approximately 5% of the driving frequency. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wilcox, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7215,3550 Aberdeen SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6155-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6113 BP F1130 EP F1130 AR 61130F DI 10.1117/12.647270 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BEF95 UT WOS:000237171400013 ER PT S AU Andrews, J Teare, S Wilcox, C Restaino, S Martinez, T Payne, D AF Andrews, Jonathan Teare, Scott Wilcox, Christopher Restaino, Sergio Martinez, Ty Payne, Don BE Olivier, SS Tadigadapa, SA Henning, AK TI USB-based controller for generic MEM device deformable mirrors - art. no. 61130W SO MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications III CY JAN 23-25, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, NSF Sci & Technol Ctr, Ctr Adapt Opt DE adaptive optics; computer peripherals; universal serial bus; wavefront; correction; MEMS; controllers AB The use of Micro-Electro-Machined (MEM) devices as deformable mirrors (DM) for active and adaptive optics is increasing dramatically. Such increases are due to both the cost and simplicity of use of these devices. Our experience with MEM DMs has been positive, however the controlling protocols of these devices presents some issues. Based on our experience and needs we decided to design a generic controller based on a fast communication protocol. These requirements have pushed us to design a system around a USB 2.0 protocol. In this paper we present our architectural design for such controller. We present also experimental data and analysis on the performance of the controller. We describe the pros and cons of such approach versus other techniques. We will address how general such architecture is and how portable is to other systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Andrews, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7215 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Wilcox, Christopher/0000-0001-5413-1901 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6155-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6113 BP W1130 EP W1130 AR 61130W DI 10.1117/12.647255 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BEF95 UT WOS:000237171400029 ER PT S AU Kang, W Mao, J AF Kang, Wei Mao, John BE Archie, CN TI Benchmark comparison of multiple process control strategies for lithographic CD control SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XX, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XX CY FEB 20-23, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE feedback control; stability; sensitivity ID RUN PROCESS-CONTROL; EXTENSIONS AB In this paper, we present a study on the robustness comparison of several process feedbacks controllers. The feedbacks include those based on either EWMA or Kalman Filter estimation. In addition, a new multiple dimension feedback controller is introduced, which has a significantly improved robust stability and reduced sensitivity to unknown noise. In the robustness study, we assume model mismatch and unknown disturbances. Two issues of robustness are addressed in this paper, namely the region of model mismatch in which a process feedback is stable; and the H-infinity gain of the controlled process from unknown noise to the system performance. Simulations are shown to compare the performance of the feedbacks under model mismatch, system drifting, and random noise. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM john.mao@intel.com NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6195-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6152 AR 61520E DI 10.1117/12.656684 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEN18 UT WOS:000238252000014 ER PT J AU Singh, S Halterman, K Elson, JM AF Singh, S Halterman, K Elson, JM TI An iterative method for the numerical solution of integral equations using the method of moments SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE iterative method; method of moments; Levin transform; integral equations; convergence acceleration ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; TRANSFORMATIONS; CONVERGENCE AB We present the results of applying the Levin transform to accelerate the convergence of a vector sequence arising in the iterative solution of a system of linear equations. The system of equations is generated as a result of applying the method of moments (MoM) to solve an integral equation. Numerical examples are presented that include the solution of three different types of integral equations illustrating the usefulness of the method. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Tulsa, Dept Elect Engn, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Singh, S (reprint author), Univ Tulsa, Dept Elect Engn, 600 S Coll Ave, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 48 IS 1 BP 118 EP 121 DI 10.1002/mop21281 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 994ZU UT WOS:000234070500036 ER PT S AU Siskind, DE Stevens, MH AF Siskind, David E. Stevens, M. H. BE Shea, MA Blix, TA Rees, D TI A radiative feedback from an interactive polar mesospheric cloud parameterization in a two dimensional model SO MIDDLE AND UPPER ATMOSPHERES, ACTIVE EXPERIMENTS, AND DUSTY PLASMAS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE mesospheric model; ozone chemistry; polar mesospheric clouds ID WATER-VAPOR; SUMMER MESOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE; MESOPAUSE AB A new model of the mesosphere is introduced which incorporates the effects of polar mesospheric clouds in an interactive fashion. The model predicts ice layers and perturbed water vapor layers in good agreement with observations and previous calculations. In addition, the model predicts changes in ozone which anticorrelate with the perturbed H2O changes. Above the cloud layer (850-90 kin), ozone can increase by as much as 30-40% and this leads to a 1-3 K temperature increase. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Siskind, David E.; Stevens, M. H.] USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7640,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Siskind, DE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7640,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM siskind@uap2.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2006 VL 38 IS 11 BP 2383 EP + DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.03.094 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BFX11 UT WOS:000245237100012 ER PT S AU Jiang, JH Eckermann, SD Wu, DL Wang, DY AF Jiang, Jonathan H. Eckermann, Stephen D. Wu, Dong L. Wang, Ding Yi BE Shea, MA Blix, TA Rees, D TI Inter-annual variation of gravity waves in the Arctic and Antarctic winter middle atmosphere SO MIDDLE AND UPPER ATMOSPHERES, ACTIVE EXPERIMENTS, AND DUSTY PLASMAS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE Arctic; Antarctic; middle atmosphere; gravity wave; UARS MLS; satellite observation ID LIMB SOUNDER OBSERVATIONS; MOUNTAIN WAVES; STRATOSPHERE; MLS; CLIMATOLOGY; SPECTRA; CLOUDS AB High latitude, middle atmospheric (28-80 km) gravity wave observations from the Microwave Limb sounder (MLS) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) are available during five Arctic and Antarctic winters between 1991 and 1997. Newer data from NOAA Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) instruments have been introduced recently, in order to extend the gravity wave measurements from 1998 to present. Analyses of MLS and AMSU data show substantial inter-annual variability in both magnitude and spatial patterns of gravity wave activity at both Arctic and Antarctic latitudes. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jiang, Jonathan H.; Wu, Dong L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,Mail Stop 183-701, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Eckermann, Stephen D.] Naval Res Lab, Middle Atmosphere Dynam Sect, Washington, DC USA. [Wang, Ding Yi] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Meteor & Klimaforschung, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Jiang, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,Mail Stop 183-701, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jonathan@mls.jpl.nasa.gov RI Wu, Dong/D-5375-2012 FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; NASA; Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratorys; NASA Office of Space Sciences Geospace Sciences Program; Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universitat Karlsruhe; Institut fur Meteorologie und Klimaforschung (IMK), Karlsruhe, Germany FX This study was supported by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. The authors also acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratorys 6.1 research program, NASA Office of Space Sciences Geospace Sciences Program, and the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universitat Karlsruhe, Institut fur Meteorologie und Klimaforschung (IMK), Karlsruhe, Germany. Jonathan Jiang thanks Prof. Herbert Fischer, Dr. Gabriele Stiller and the IMK science team for helpful comments and suggestions on this manuscript. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2006 VL 38 IS 11 BP 2418 EP + DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.09.036 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BFX11 UT WOS:000245237100018 ER PT B AU Zouros, G Robertson, C AF Zouros, Georgios Robertson, Clark GP IEEE TI Performance analysis of BPSK with errors and erasures decoding to mitigate the effects of pulse-noise interference SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID DIVERSITY; CODES AB The performance of a system utilizing a binary phase-shift keyed waveform transmitted over a frequency-selective, slowly fading, Nakagami channel with pulse-noise interference in addition to additive white Gaussian noise is examined. The underlying information bits are assumed to be convolutionally encoded prior to transmission over the channel, and the receiver is assumed to use errors-and-erasures Viterbi decoding. The performance obtained with errors-and-erasures decoding is compared with the performance obtained with errors-only hard decision Viterbi decoding as well as soft decision Viterbi decoding. C1 [Zouros, Georgios; Robertson, Clark] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Zouros, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 996 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601001070 ER PT B AU Maule, RW Gallup, SP AF Maule, R. William Gallup, Shelley P. GP IEEE TI y TACFIRE: Enterprise knowledge in service oriented architecture SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB FORCEnet Innovation & Research Enterprise (FIRE) system supports experimentation planning, management, and analysis, providing knowledge services to initiative teams. The scope expanded with Trident Warrior 2005 (FW05) and an initiative to apply FIRE in tactical fleet operations to help establish baselines for CNO initiatives in next-generation knowledge management. Included were technical assessment of WL-based knowledge and collaborative services within service-oriented architecture (SOA). This paper presents operational context and results for core knowledge capabilities and collaborative services. C1 [Maule, R. William; Gallup, Shelley P.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Maule, RW (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51275396]; National Basic Research Program of China [2011CB706805] FX The research work presented in this paper is under the support of National Natural Science Foundation of China with Grant No. 51275396 and National Basic Research Program of China with Grant No. 2011CB706805. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 1280 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601002033 ER PT B AU Doffoh, J Rupar, M Mereish, R Correjer, I Porada, R AF Doffoh, Jonathan Rupar, Mike Mereish, Ray Correjer, Ivan Porada, Reed GP IEEE TI High altitude router and relay for over-the-horizon networks SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The US Naval Research Laboratory has been working on testing processing and transponded payload configurations for the High Altitude Router and Relay (HARR) project to achieve a viable long range end-to-end mobile ad-hoc wireless network in a tactical environment. HARR has the potential to provide closed network communications and other tactical capabilities between nodes separated by over 200 miles, and at a relatively reduced cost. The system has at least one re-useable relay payload and at least two ground nodes. The relay payloads have the capability to send and receive signals to and from ground nodes as well as to other relay stations. The ground nodes have apparatus for acquiring, tracking, and determining the location of relay stations that are aloft. Our paper describes the integration of various commercial off the shelf (COTS) systems to construct this network, as well as an analysis of collected test data using unicast and multicast transport protocols in an IP based environment. C1 [Doffoh, Jonathan; Rupar, Mike; Mereish, Ray; Correjer, Ivan; Porada, Reed] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Doffoh, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 1606 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601002083 ER PT B AU Kompella, S Mao, S Hou, YT Sherali, HD AF Kompella, Sastry Mao, Shiwen Hou, Y. Thomas Sherali, Hanif D. GP IEEE TI Path selection and rate allocation for video streaming in multihop wireless networks SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE DE nonlinear programming; optimization; cross-layer design; ad hoc networks; video communications; path selection; rate allocation ID COMMUNICATION-NETWORKS AB In this paper, we investigate the important problem of optimal path selection and rate allocation for concurrent video sessions in a multihop wireless network. We present a novel formulation of the problem, which optimizes the application level performance such as video distortion, while seamlessly incorporating the network layer parameters such as packet delay and loss. For the formulated problem, we propose a branch-and-bound framework, predicated on the powerful reformulation-linearization technique, that can produce (1-is an element of) optimal solutions. We demonstrate through analytical and simulation results that the proposed mechanism can fully utilize the network capacity and improve the quality of reconstructed video. The proposed approach provides an important methodology for addressing non-convex, non-polynomial programming problems that arise in wireless networks, especially those involving cross-layer design and optimizations. C1 [Kompella, Sastry] Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mao, Shiwen; Hou, Y. Thomas] Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Sherali, Hanif D.] Virginia Tech, Grad Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Kompella, S (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NSF IGERT [DGE-9987586]; NSF [CNS-0347390, 0552676]; ONR [N00014-05-1-0481] FX The work of S. Kompella was supported by NSF IGERT program under Grant DGE-9987586. The work of Y.T. Hou has been supported in part by NSF under Grant CNS-0347390 and ONR Grant N00014-05-1-0481. The work of H.D. Sherali has been supported by NSF under Grant 0552676. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 2638 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601004078 ER PT B AU Nguyen, GD Wieselthier, JE Ephremides, A AF Nguyen, Gain D. Wieselthier, Jeffrey E. Ephremides, Anthony GP IEEE TI Accurate capture models and their impact on random access in multiple-destination networks SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB We extend existing models to better characterize the impact of the physical layer on random-access performance, and we highlight some ambiguities and inaccuracies that have been prevalent in the literature since physical models for capture were first studied. Most earlier studies of capture in random-access systems are applicable only to narrow band systems, although this limitation is often not noted. We present an analytical model that is applicable to wide band systems as well. Simulation is used to evaluate performance because of the high complexity of the analytical model. We present performance results for both single-destination and multiple-destination networks. C1 [Nguyen, Gain D.; Wieselthier, Jeffrey E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Code 5521, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ephremides, Anthony] Univ Maryland, Inst Syst Res, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Nguyen, GD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Code 5521, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nguyen@itd.nrl.navy.mil; wieselthier@itd.nrl.navy.mil; etony@umd.edu FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 2763 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601005013 ER PT B AU Weber, J Kowalske, K Robertson, C Kragh, F AF Weber, John Kowalske, Kyle Robertson, Clark Kragh, Frank GP IEEE TI Performance of a digital ad-hoc chip rate estimator (ACRE) given a direct sequence spread spectrum pulse shaped signal SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB In this paper the development of the digital ad-hoc chip rate estimator (ACRE) is explained in relation to its similarities and contrasts to the chip rate detector (CRD). The effect of half-sine pulse shaping on chip rate detection is investigated. The components of the ACRE are described. The ACRE's performance for three categories of simulations are presented and briefly discussed. The three simulation categories are: standard-ACRE, ACRE with additional filtering, and ACRE with incrementing. ACRE with additional filtering trades chip rate search range for estimation performance. ACRE with incrementing combines subsets of processed data that overlap each other. This simulation approach shows the potential for parallel processing without loss ofperformance. C1 [Weber, John; Kowalske, Kyle; Robertson, Clark; Kragh, Frank] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Weber, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 2777 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601005015 ER PT B AU Chia, KB Su, WL Ha, TT AF Chia, Kim Boon Su, Weilian Ha, Tri T. GP IEEE TI Resilient and scalable wireless sensor networks SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE DE wireless sensor networks; scale free; resilient; scalable ID SCALE-FREE NETWORKS AB Since wireless sensor networks contain large number of nodes, it is conceivable that nodes group together to perform tasks and form scale-free networks. The scale-free principles are evaluated with IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and ZigBee protocols. Two topologies, star and tree, are studied. Insights gained from the simulations show that orphaning affects the performance of the network, thus, compromising its resilience. C1 [Chia, Kim Boon; Su, Weilian; Ha, Tri T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chia, KB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM kchia@nps.edu; weilian@nps.edu; ha@nps.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 3042 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601005055 ER PT B AU Kragh, F Robertson, RC AF Kragh, Frank Robertson, R. Clark GP IEEE TI Performance analysis of quadrature amplitude modulated signals received over a slow, flat, Ricean fading channel SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Exact analytic solutions are developed for the probability of bit error for a quadrature amplitude modulated signal when the signal is transmitted over a slow, flat Ricean fading channel. New analytic techniques are used for increased accuracy and, where applicable, are compared to the usual approximations. C1 [Kragh, Frank; Robertson, R. Clark] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kragh, F (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM frank.kragh@ieee.org; crobertson@nps.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 3271 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601006010 ER PT B AU Hayes-Roth, F AF Hayes-Roth, Frederick GP IEEE TI Model-based communication networks and VIRT: Orders of magnitude better for information superiority SO MILCOM 2006, Vols 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Defense community leaders have spearheaded an effort to transform and elevate military capability around information superiority. This means improving decisions and outcomes by making US and coalition forces better informed, more coordinated, faster and more adaptive. Our research focuses on how to architect communications so these goals are reached. We find that the "smart pull" approach described in Global Information Grid (GIG) technical guidance can't meet these goals. The principal weaknesses stem from the stateless approach that can't make good use of the operator's context and dynamic information requirements. A better approach must exploit dynamic context and operator requirements to assure that high-value information flows quickly where it's needed (VIRT) and is processed promptly by recipients. Initial studies have shown that this approach reduces the volume of bits by several orders of magnitude. It also raises the productivity of every operator enormously by assuring each can give immediate attention to truly valued information. Because the GIG, NCES, FORCEnet and related initiatives promise to cost billions of dollars and span a decade or more, we believe a change in direction is required to attain the goals of information superiority. Model-based communication networks and VIRT are essential pillars of an effective approach. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Hayes-Roth, F (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 3460 EP 3466 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601006039 ER PT B AU Shi, Y Hou, YT Sherali, HD Kompella, S AF Shi, Yi Hou, Y. Thomas Sherali, Hanif D. Kompella, Sastry GP IEEE TI Cross-layer optimization for UWB-based ad hoc networks SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE DE nonlinear programming; optimization; cross-layer design; ultra-wideband (UWB); ad hoc networks; data rate utility; scheduling; power control; routing ID MULTIPLE-ACCESS COMMUNICATIONS; RADIO AB In this paper, we consider a UWB-based ad hoc network and study how to maximize data rate utility for a group of communication sessions. We formulate the data rate utility problem into a nonlinear programming (NLP) problem through a cross-layer approach by taking into consideration of scheduling and power control at link layer and routing at network layer. The main contribution of this paper is the development of a solution procedure based on branch-and-bound framework. We employ a powerful optimization technique called reformulation linearization technique (RLT) to obtain a linear relaxation, which is a key component required in the branch-and-bound framework. Numerical results demonstrate the importance of cross-layer approach and offer some important insights. C1 [Shi, Yi; Hou, Y. Thomas] Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Sherali, Hanif D.] Virginia Tech, Grado Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kompella, Sastry] Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shi, Y (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. FU NSF [CNS-0347390, 0552676]; ONR [N00014-05-1-0481] FX The work of Y.T. Hou and Y. Shi has been supported in part by NSF under Grant CNS-0347390 and ONR Grant N00014-05-1-0481. The work of H.D. Sherali has been supported by NSF under Grant 0552676. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 3589 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601006058 ER PT J AU Won, E Ancona, M Carrigan, K Laverty, B Rhee, P AF Won, E Ancona, M Carrigan, K Laverty, B Rhee, P TI Humanitarian aid mission in East Timor: Experiences of US naval medical services SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CONFLICT; MALARIA; HEALTH AB The U.S. military was actively involved in humanitarian aid throughout the world for much of the 20th century and is likely to continue in this role well into the 21st century. During the recent Western Pacific Deployment, we were called on to provide assistance to the local population in East Timor in what is called a humanitarian assistance operation. This article explores this increasingly important role of military medicine and is written in hopes of providing insight to future teams planning altruistic deployments to underserved countries. The spectrum of topics covered includes personnel, equipment, supplies, resources, and the type of medical needs that were met. This information may also be useful as a reference for military and nonmilitary health care workers who find themselves assisting people and nations in need. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Aviat Combat Element, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Fleet Surg Team 9, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Carrigan, K (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 171 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JV UT WOS:000235832300008 PM 16532870 ER PT J AU Russell, MC AF Russell, MC TI Treating combat-related stress disorders: A multiple case study utilizing eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with battlefield casualties from the Iraqi War SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS; AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORIES; PROLONGED EXPOSURE; ASSAULT VICTIMS; PTSD; VETERANS; DEPRESSION; INVENTORY; EFFICACY; THERAPY AB Casualties from the Iraqi War were evacuated to a field hospital in Rota, Spain, and were screened for combat-related stress conditions. Four combat veterans requested immediate relief of their posttraumatic symptoms prior to returning to the United States. A single session of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) led to significant improvement in their acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. A detailed account of those treatment sessions, as well as the proposed alterations of standard protocols for time-limited fieldwork, is presented. Compared to other early interventions, EMDR may be better suited for combat veterans. The results are promising but in need of further research. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Mental Hlth, Bremerton, WA USA. RP Russell, MC (reprint author), USN, CDR, MSC, PSC 561,Box 626, FPO, AP 96310 USA. EM Russellm@nhyoko.med.navy.mil NR 52 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 12 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2006 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1801_1 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 043DP UT WOS:000237580000001 ER PT J AU Williams, TJ Johnson, WB AF Williams, Thomas J. Johnson, W. Brad TI Introduction to the special issue: Operational psychology and clinical practice in operational environments SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID MILITARY C1 USA, War Coll, Army Phys Fitness Res Inst, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Williams, TJ (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Army Phys Fitness Res Inst, 122 Forbes Ave, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. EM thomas.williams@carlisle.anny.mil; johnsonb@usna.edu NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1804_1 PG 8 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 127DT UT WOS:000243566200001 ER PT J AU Schwind, DA Laurence, JH AF Schwind, David A. Laurence, Janice H. TI Raising the flag: Promotion to admiral in the United States Navy SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A qualitative analysis of the salient considerations for selection to Rear Admiral (Lower Half) in the United States Navy was conducted. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 18 active-duty and retired flag officers. Overall, reputation and fitness report rankings were reported to be important factors in the promotion of flag officers. Contrary to expectations, commissioning source and letters of recommendation were reported to be not heavily weighted. C1 US Dept Def, Off Secretary Def Personnel & Readiness, Washington, DC 20301 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schwind, DA (reprint author), US Dept Def, Off Secretary Def Personnel & Readiness, Pentagon,Room 3C980, Washington, DC 20301 USA. EM janice.laurence@osd.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2006 VL 18 SU S BP S83 EP S101 PG 19 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 119IM UT WOS:000243006000007 ER PT S AU Ioup, EZ Mesick, H Sample, JT McCreedy, FP AF Ioup, Elias Z. Mesick, Hillary Sample, John T. McCreedy, Frank P. BE Agaian, SS Jassim, SA TI Reduced memory JPEG decompression for mobile devices - art. no. 625001 SO Mobile Multimedia/Image Processing for Military and Security Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mobile Multimedia/Image Processing for Military and Security Applications CY APR 20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE JPEG; decompression; imagery; low memory AB Imagery makes up a large percentage of geospatial data in use today. One feature of this imagery is that it tends to be large, often hundreds or thousands of megabytes. As a result JPEG compression is often used to make geospatial imagery manageable by reducing the file size without greatly reducing the quality of the image. However, the benefits of compression are absent when the image must be viewed. Viewing a large JPEG image requires decompressing and holding the uncompressed version in memory. Holding the entirety of a large image in memory is a burden on many systems and sometimes impossible. However, the entire image is rarely needed at full resolution. Usually only a small area of interest is viewed or processed. This paper describes a method of removing a small area of interest from a large JPEG without decompressing the entire image. JPEG compressed images axe streams which cannot be randomly accessed. Viewing a particular area requires that all preceding areas be partially decompressed. This process is more efficient than fully decompressing the whole JPEG, but depending on the area requested the entire image may need to be partially decompressed. To circumvent this problem an index file is created on first decompression which records markers for the sections of the JPEG. The index file allows random access to the JPEG file so that areas may be decompressed without reading the preceding portions of the JPEG. This method of decompressing a JPEG requires a limited amount of memory and with an index file is fast enough to be performed in real time. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Ioup, EZ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6306-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6250 BP 25001 EP 25001 AR 625001 DI 10.1117/12.665248 PG 9 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BES13 UT WOS:000239240600001 ER PT S AU Efroimsky, M AF Efroimsky, Michael BE Gurfil, P TI Gauge Freedom in Astrodynamics SO MODERN ASTRODYNAMICS SE Elsevier Astrodynamics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LONG-TERM EVOLUTION; PRECESSING OBLATE PLANET; N-BODY PROBLEM; ORBITS; MECHANICS C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Efroimsky, M (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. OI Efroimsky, Michael/0000-0003-1249-9622 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1874-9283 BN 978-0-08-046491-6; 978-0-12-373562-1 J9 ELSEV ASTRO SER PY 2006 VL 1 BP 23 EP 52 DI 10.1016/S1874-9305(07)80004-5 PG 30 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCU67 UT WOS:000311508600004 ER PT S AU Ross, IM AF Ross, I. Michael BE Gurfil, P TI Space Trajectory Optimization and L-1-Optimal Control Problems SO MODERN ASTRODYNAMICS SE Elsevier Astrodynamics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID APPROXIMATIONS; CONVERGENCE C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ross, IM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1874-9283 BN 978-0-08-046491-6 J9 ELSEV ASTRO SER PY 2006 VL 1 BP 155 EP 188 PG 34 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCU67 UT WOS:000311508600008 ER PT S AU Hull, AJ Hurdis, DA AF Hull, A. J. Hurdis, D. A. BE Keogh, PS TI An infinite elastic plate model that incorporates periodic masses SO MODERN PRACTICE IN STRESS AND VIBRATION ANALYSIS VI, PROCEEDINGS SE Applied Mechanics and Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Modern Practice in Stress and Vibration Analysis CY SEP 05-07, 2006 CL Univ Bath, Bath, ENGLAND HO Univ Bath DE plate theory; periodic masses; elastic system; infinite dimensional system; wavenumber-frequency analysis ID FLUID-LOADED PLATES; POISSON RATIO; LAMB MODES; RADIATION AB This paper develops an analytical model of an infinite elastic plate that contains periodically spaced discrete masses on the edge of the plate or within the interior of the plate. The displacement field of a two-dimensional solid is first separated into dilatational and shear wave components. The normal and tangential stress relationships are written as partial differential equations. The periodic masses, written as an infinite summation using delta functions, are set equal to one of the normal and one of the tangential stress equations using a force balance. The problem is then transformed into wavenumber-frequency space where each displacement term is a product of a spatial term, an exponential term in wavenumber, and an exponential term in frequency. Application of Poisson's summation formula allows the delta functions to be absorbed into the summation. These equations are then written in matrix form as an n by n matrix multiplied by an it by one wave propagation coefficient vector set equal to an n by infinity mass load vector multiplied by an infinity by one wave propagation coefficient vector plus an n by one plane wave load vector, where n = 4 for edge masses and n = 8 for interior masses. This equation is then m indexed to correspond to the spatial modes created by the discrete mass loading. Using the integer shift property of the infinite summation, the terms at each mode are shifted and then assembled into a matrix equation whose size is infinity by infinity. This matrix is truncated to a finite number of modes and then solved, the resulting solution is the wave propagation coefficients of each mode. These are then inserted back into the displacement equations to yield the normal and tangential displacements. Two specific problems are addressed. The first is that of a plate with the masses on the bottom edge, and the second is that of a plate with the masses in the interior of the plate. The model results are compared to previously available low frequency model results for solutions involving the flexural wave in the plate. A numerical example is then solved at high frequency that includes higher-order wave motion, and these results are discussed. C1 [Hull, A. J.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Autonomous Syst & Technol Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Hurdis, D. A.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Hull, AJ (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Autonomous Syst & Technol Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM hullaj@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; hurdisda@npt.nuwc.navy.mil FU United States Department of Defence Office of Naval Research FX This work was funded by the United States Department of Defence Office of Naval Research. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-9336 BN 0-87849-418-9 J9 APPL MECH MATER PY 2006 VL 5-6 BP 297 EP + PG 2 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BFE15 UT WOS:000241423300035 ER PT J AU Holt, TR Niyogi, D Chen, F Manning, K LeMone, MA Qureshi, A AF Holt, TR Niyogi, D Chen, F Manning, K LeMone, MA Qureshi, A TI Effect of land-atmosphere interactions on the IHOP 24-25 May 2002 convection case SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; SOIL-MOISTURE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; MESOSCALE CIRCULATIONS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; FIFE OBSERVATIONS; DEEP CONVECTION; PART II; MODEL; VEGETATION AB Numerical simulations are conducted using the Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) to investigate the impact of land-vegetation processes on the prediction of mesoscale convection observed on 24-25 May 2002 during the International H2O Project (IHOP_2002). The control COAMPS configuration uses the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version of the Noah land surface model (LSM) initialized using a high-resolution land surface data assimilation system (HRLDAS). Physically consistent surface fields are ensured by an 18-month spinup time for HRLDAS, and physically consistent mesoscale fields are ensured by a 2-day data assimilation spinup for COAMPS. Sensitivity simulations are performed to assess the impact of land-vegetative processes by 1) replacing the Noah LSM with a simple slab soil model (SLAB), 2) adding a photosynthesis, canopy resistance/transpiration scheme [the gas exchange/photosynthesis-based evapotranspiration model (GEM)] to the Noah LSM, and 3) replacing the HRLDAS soil moisture with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) 40-km Eta Data Assimilation (EDAS) operational soil fields. CONTROL, EDAS, and GEM develop convection along the dryline and frontal boundaries 2-3 h after observed, with synoptic-scale forcing determining the location and timing. SLAB convection along the boundaries is further delayed, indicating that detailed surface parameterization is necessary for a realistic model forecast. EDAS soils are generally drier and warmer than HRLDAS, resulting in more extensive development of convection along the dryline than for CONTROL. The inclusion of photosynthesis-based evapotranspiration (GEM) improves predictive skill for both air temperature and moisture. Biases in soil moisture and temperature (as well as air temperature and moisture during the prefrontal period) are larger for EDAS than HRLDAS, indicating land-vegetative processes in EDAS are forced by anomalously warmer and drier conditions than observed. Of the four simulations, the errors in SLAB predictions of these quantities are generally the largest. By adding a sophisticated transpiration model, the atmospheric model is able to better respond to the more detailed representation of soil moisture and temperature. The sensitivity of the synoptically forced convection to soil and vegetative processes including transpiration indicates that detailed representation of land surface processes should be included in weather forecasting models, particularly for severe storm forecasting where local-scale information is important. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth, W Lafayette, IN USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Holt, TR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Code 7533, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM holt@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Y, wang/A-8866-2010; Chen, Fei/B-1747-2009 NR 52 TC 102 Z9 108 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 134 IS 1 BP 113 EP 133 DI 10.1175/MWR3057.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 008TO UT WOS:000235063800007 ER PT B AU Smith, JF Nguyen, TH AF Smith, J. F., III Nguyen, T. H. GP IEEE TI Fuzzy logic based resource manager for a team of UAVs SO NAFIPS 2006 - 2006 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FUZZY INFORMATION PROCESSING SOCIETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society CY JUN 03-06, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP N Amer Fuzzy Informat Proc Soc AB A fuzzy logic resource allocation algorithm that enables a collection of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to automatically cooperate to make meteorological measurements will be discussed. Once in flight no human intervention is required. Planning and real-time control algorithms determine the optimal trajectory and points each UAV will sample, while taking into account the UAVs' risk, risk tolerance, reliability, mission priority, fuel limitations, mission cost, and related uncertainties. The approach is illustrated by a discussion of the fuzzy decision tree for UAV path assignment and related simulation. Simulations also show the ability of the control algorithm to allow UAVs to effectively cooperate to increase the UAV team's likelihood of success. C1 [Smith, J. F., III; Nguyen, T. H.] USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.smith@nrl.navy.mil; thanhvu.nguyen@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0362-2 PY 2006 BP 484 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGG92 UT WOS:000246736200088 ER PT B AU Smith, JF Nguyen, TH AF Smith, J. F., III Nguyen, T. H. GP IEEE TI Creating fuzzy decision algorithms using genetic program based data mining SO NAFIPS 2006 - 2006 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FUZZY INFORMATION PROCESSING SOCIETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society CY JUN 03-06, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP N Amer Fuzzy Informat Proc Soc AB A data mining procedure for automatic determination of fuzzy decision tree structure using a genetic program is discussed. A genetic program is an algorithm that evolves other algorithms or mathematical expressions. Methods of accelerating convergence of the data mining procedure including a new innovation based on computer algebra are examined. Experimental results related to using computer algebra are given. Comparisons between trees created using a genetic program and those constructed solely by interviewing experts are made. A genetic program evolved tree is shown to be superior to one created by hand using expertise alone. Finally, additional methods that have been used to validate the data mining algorithm are discussed. C1 [Smith, J. F., III; Nguyen, T. H.] USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.smith@nrl.navy.mil; thanhvu.nguyen@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0362-2 PY 2006 BP 492 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGG92 UT WOS:000246736200089 ER PT J AU Sun, SQ Montague, M Critchley, K Chen, MS Dressick, WJ Evans, SD Leggett, GJ AF Sun, SQ Montague, M Critchley, K Chen, MS Dressick, WJ Evans, SD Leggett, GJ TI Fabrication of biological nanostructures by scanning near-field photolithography of chloromethylphenylsiloxane monolayers SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; CONSTRUCTIVE NANOLITHOGRAPHY; LITHOGRAPHY; TEMPLATES; FILMS; DNA; NANOPARTICLES; PATTERNS; NANOARRAYS AB We demonstrate the fabrication of sub-100-nm DNA surface patterns by scanning near-field optical lithography using a near-field scanning optical microscope coupled to a UV laser and a chloromethylphenylsiloxane (CMPS) self-assembled monolayer (SAM). The process involves 244-nm exposure of the CMPS SAM to create nanoscale patterns of surface carboxylic acid functional groups, followed by their conversion to the N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester and reaction of the active ester with DNA to spatially control DNA grafting with high selectivity. C1 Univ Sheffield, Dept Chem, Sheffield S3 7HF, S Yorkshire, England. Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leggett, GJ (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Chem, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, S Yorkshire, England. EM Graham.Leggett@shef.ac.uk RI sun, shuqing/G-1574-2011; OI Critchley, Kevin/0000-0002-0112-8626; Evans, Stephen/0000-0001-8342-5335; Leggett, Graham/0000-0002-4315-9076 NR 34 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 6 IS 1 BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1021/nl051804l PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 015DP UT WOS:000235532400006 PM 16402782 ER PT B AU Rajagopal, AK Pande, CS Abe, S AF Rajagopal, A. K. Pande, C. S. Abe, Sumiyoshi BE Sahu, SN Choudhury, RK Jena, P TI Nanothermodynamics - A generic approach to material properties at nanoscale SO Nano-Scale Materials: From Science to Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nano-Scale Materials - From Science to Technology CY APR 05-08, 2004 CL Puri, INDIA SP Inst Phys, Indo-US Forum ID TEMPERATURE-FLUCTUATION; DYNAMICAL ENSEMBLES; SMALL SYSTEMS; ENERGY AB Granular and nanoscale materials containing a relatively small number of constituents have been studied to discover how their properties differ from their macroscopic counterparts. These studies are designed to test how far the known macroscopic approaches such as thermodynamics may be applicable in these cases. A brief review of the recent literature on these topics is given as a motivation to introduce a generic approach called "Nanothermodynatnics". An important feature that must be incorporated into the theory is the non-additive property because of the importance of 'surface' contributions to the Physics of these systems. This is achieved by incorporating fluctuations into the theory right from the start. There are currently two approaches to incorporate this property: Hill (and further elaborated more recently with Chamberlin) initiated an approach by modifying the thermodynamic relations by taking into account the surface effects: the other generalizes Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical mechanics by relaxing the additivity properties of thermodynamic quantities to include nonextensive features of such systems. An outline of this generalization of the macroscopic thermodynamics to nano-systems will be given here. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rajagopal, AK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 1-59454-910-9 PY 2006 BP 241 EP 248 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BFJ64 UT WOS:000242397500022 ER PT S AU Jonker, BT Flatte, ME AF Jonker, B. T. Flatte, M. E. BE Mills, DL Bland, JAC TI ELECTRICAL SPIN INJECTION AND TRANSPORT IN SEMICONDUCTORS SO NANOMAGNETISM: ULTRATHIN FILMS, MULTILAYERS AND NANOSTRUCTURES SE Contemporary Concepts of Condensed Matter Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; QUANTUM-WELLS; III-V; MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; CONDUCTION ELECTRONS; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; TUNNELING MAGNETORESISTANCE; DOPED ZNO C1 [Jonker, B. T.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Flatte, M. E.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Jonker, BT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 171 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-0934 BN 978-0-08-045717-8; 978-0-444-51680-0 J9 CONT CONCEPT CONDENS PY 2006 BP 227 EP 272 DI 10.1016/S1572-0934(05)01007-3 PG 46 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BCS88 UT WOS:000311300900009 ER PT S AU Lebedev, N Trammell, S Griva, I Spano, A AF Lebedev, Nikolai Trammell, Scott Griva, Igor Spano, Anthony BE Dhar, NK Dutta, AK Islam, MS TI New bio-inorganic photo-electronic devices based on photosynthetic proteins SO Nanomaterial Synthesis and Integration for Sensors, Electronics, Photonics, and Electro-Optics SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanomaterial Synthesis and Integration for Sensors, Electronics, Photonics, and Electro-Optics CY OCT 01-07, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE bioelectronics; biophotonics; self-assembly; photosynthetic reaction center; photovoltaic; interface ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; HISTIDINE-TAGGED PROTEINS; REACTION CENTERS; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; CYTOCHROME C(2); BIFUNCTIONAL REAGENTS; FREE-ENERGY; REDOX; STATE; IMMOBILIZATION AB The photosynthetic reaction center (RC) is one of the most advanced light sensing and energy converting materials developed by Nature. Its coupling with inorganic surfaces is attractive for the identification of the mechanisms of interprotein electron transfer (ET) and for the possible applications for the construction of protein-based innovative photoelectronic and photovoltaic devices. Using genetically engineered bacterial RC proteins and specifically synthesized organic linkers, we were able to construct self-assembled and aligned biomolecular surfaces on various electrodes, including gold, carbon, indium tin oxide (ITO), highly ordered pyrrolytic graphite (HOPG) and carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays. Our results show that, after immobilization on the electrodes, the photosynthetic RC can operate as a highly efficient photosensor, optical switch, and photovoltaic device. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lebedev, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6468-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6370 BP U105 EP U115 DI 10.1117/12.687427 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BFQ84 UT WOS:000243896600012 ER PT S AU Prokes, SM Park, HD Glembocki, OJ AF Prokes, S. M. Park, H. D. Glembocki, O. J. BE Dhar, NK Dutta, AK Islam, MS TI Growth and Characterization of single crystal InAs nanowire arrays and their application to plasmonics SO Nanomaterial Synthesis and Integration for Sensors, Electronics, Photonics, and Electro-Optics SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanomaterial Synthesis and Integration for Sensors, Electronics, Photonics, and Electro-Optics CY OCT 01-07, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE InAs nanowires; VLS growth; Raman spectroscopy; SERS AB The growth of single crystal InAs nanowire arrays on crystalline and amorphous substrates is described. This method is quite simple and fast, and uses only a bare InAs substrate as a source and a gold colloid on the growth substrate. High quality InAs nanowires can be produced by this technique, with the nanowire diameter controllable by the gold colloid size and the nanowire length controlled by the growth time and growth temperature. By a proper choice of substrate, parallel, non-interacting nanowire arrays can be formed, as well as arrays exhibiting a cross-over geometry. These geometries can have a significant impact on the plasmonic properties, specifically on surface enhanced Raman (SERS). Results indicate a significantly enhanced SERS signal for nanowire arrays which contain wire crossings, which is explained in terms of electric field "hot" spots. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Prokes, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6468-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6370 BP U87 EP U96 DI 10.1117/12.685022 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BFQ84 UT WOS:000243896600010 ER PT S AU Zhilyaev, AP Oh-ishi, K Raab, GI McNelley, TR AF Zhilyaev, AP Oh-ishi, K Raab, GI McNelley, TR BE Horita, Z TI Influence of processing parameters on texture and microstructure in aluminum after ECAP SO NANOMATERIALS BY SEVERE PLASTIC DEFORMATION SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Nanomaterials by Severe Plastic Deformation CY SEP 22-26, 2005 CL Fukuoka, JAPAN SP Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kyushu Univ, Fac Engn, Int NanoSPD Steering Comm, Japan Soc Promot Sci DE equal channel angular pressing; aluminum; microtexture; grain refinement; orientation imaging microscopy ID CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; EVOLUTION AB The influence of strain path during equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) has been evaluated in pure aluminum by orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The material was examined after four pressing operations by route BC in a 90 degrees die, or eight pressing operations by route BC in a 135 degrees die. The von Mises equivalent strains were essentially the same for these two ECAP procedures. The microtexture data indicate that the distortion during ECAP corresponds to a simple shear in a direction approximately parallel to die-channel exit and on a plane perpendicular to the flow plane. For both procedures the OIM data reveal prominent meso-scale band-like features. Lattice orientations in each band correspond to a texture orientation but the particular combinations of orientations depend upon ECAP die angle. High-angle boundaries in the structure correspond to interfaces between the bands. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Mech, Ufa 450000, Russia. USATU, Inst Phys Adv Mat, Ufa 450000, Russia. RP Zhilyaev, AP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM apzhilya@nps.edu; koishi@nps.edu; raab@mail.rb.ru; tmcnelley@nps.edu RI Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010; Raab, Georgy/G-7530-2013; OI Zhilyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1902-8703 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-985-7 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 503-504 BP 65 EP 70 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BDX45 UT WOS:000235943100010 ER PT S AU Oh-ishi, K Zhilyaev, AP McNelley, TR AF Oh-ishi, K Zhilyaev, AP McNelley, TR BE Horita, Z TI Enhancement of ductility and strength through microstructural refinement by FSP of nickel aluminum bronze SO NANOMATERIALS BY SEVERE PLASTIC DEFORMATION SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Nanomaterials by Severe Plastic Deformation CY SEP 22-26, 2005 CL Fukuoka, JAPAN SP Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kyushu Univ, Fac Engn, Int NanoSPD Steering Comm, Japan Soc Promot Sci DE friction stir processing; nickel aluminum bronze; phase transformation; grain refinement; tensile properties ID STRAIN RATE SUPERPLASTICITY; FRICTION; ALLOYS AB Friction stir processing (FSP) is a severe plastic deformation (SPD) method that has been applied to as-cast NW bronze (NAB) materials, which are widely used for marine components. The thermomechanical cycle of FSP results in homogenization and refinements and the selective conversion of microstructures from a cast to a wrought condition. The physical metallurgy of NAB is complex and interpretation of the effects of FSP on microstructure has required detailed analysis by optical and electron microscopy methods. Annealing and isothermal hot rolling have been employed to confirm microstructure-based estimates of stir-zone peak temperatures. The variation of mechanical properties was assessed by use of miniature tensile samples and correlated with microstructure for samples from stir zones of single and multi-pass FSP. Exceptional improvement in strength - ductility combinations may be achieved by FSP of NAB materials. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Mech, Ufa 450000, Russia. RP Oh-ishi, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM akoishi@nps.edu; apzhilya@nps.edu; tmcnelley@nps.edu RI Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010; OI Zhilyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1902-8703 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-985-7 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 503-504 BP 161 EP 168 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BDX45 UT WOS:000235943100024 ER PT B AU Zhilyaev, A AF Zhilyaev, A BE Zhu, YT Varyukhin, V TI Microstructural characteristics of ultrafine-grained nickel SO Nanostructured Materials by High-Pressure Severe Plastic Deformation SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Nanostructured Materials by High-Pressure Severe Plastic Deformation CY SEP 22-26, 2004 CL Donetsk, UKRAINE SP NATO Phys & Engn Sci & Technol Program, GE, Sci & Technol Ctr Ukraine, Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Donetsk Phys & Technol Inst, Los Alamos Natl Lab ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; TORSION; METALS; ALLOY AB A detailed investigation was conducted to evaluate the microstructural characteristics in samples of pure nickel processed using three different procedures of severe plastic deformation (SPD): equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP), high-pressure torsion (HPT) and a combination of ECAP and HPT. Several different experimental techniques were employed to measure the grain size distributions, the textures, the grain boundary character distributions (GBCD) and the boundary surface energies in the as-processed materials. It is shown that a combination of ECAP and HPT leads both to a greater refinement in the microstructure and to a smaller fraction of boundaries having low angles of misorientation. The estimated boundary surface energies were higher than anticipated from data for coarse-grained materials and the difference is attributed to the non-equilibrium character of many of the interfaces after SPD processing. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Zhilyaev, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-3921-2 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2006 VL 212 BP 83 EP 88 DI 10.1007/1-4020-3923-9_11 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BDT99 UT WOS:000235332200011 ER PT J AU Clapp, AR Goldman, ER Mattoussi, H AF Clapp, Aaron R. Goldman, Ellen R. Mattoussi, Hedi TI Capping of CdSe-ZnS quantum dots with DHLA and subsequent conjugation with proteins SO NATURE PROTOCOLS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; LUMINESCENT; NANOCRYSTALS; FLUOROIMMUNOASSAYS; ANTIBODIES; DONORS AB We provide a detailed protocol for designing water-soluble CdSe-ZnS quantum dots (QDs) based on cap exchange of the native hydrophobic shell with dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) ligands, and the preparation of functional QD bioconjugates for use in immunoassays. Our conjugation strategy is based on non-covalent self-assembly between DHLA-capped QDs and protein appended with either an electrostatic attachment domain (namely, the basic leucine zipper) or a polyhistidine tag. These bioconjugates combine the properties of the QD and attached biomolecule to create structures with desirable luminescent and biologically specific properties. This method also allows the preparation of mixed surface conjugates, which results in the conjugates gaining multiple biological activities. Conjugation of DHLA-capped QDs to maltose binding protein (MBP), the immunoglobulin-G-binding beta 2 domain of streptococcal protein G (PG) and avidin will be described. MBP and PG were modified by genetic fusion with either a charged leucine zipper or a polyhistidine interaction domain. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5611,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hedimat@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 172 Z9 175 U1 10 U2 79 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1754-2189 J9 NAT PROTOC JI Nat. Protoc. PY 2006 VL 1 IS 3 BP 1258 EP 1266 DI 10.1038/nprot.2006.184 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 234IT UT WOS:000251155400023 PM 17406409 ER PT J AU Koss, L AF Koss, Larry TI Environmentally sound ships of the 21st century SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Naval ships operating in the 21st century will be expected to meet increasingly stringent environmental regulations. The U.S. Navy has a comprehensive shipboard pollution abatement program underway that will enable ships of the 21st century to be environmentally sound. The goal is to enable ships to operate worldwide with minimal potential for regulatory constraints, without inappropriate dependence on shore facilities, and without unreasonable costs imposed by environmental regulations. The basic strategy is to (1) design and operate ships to minimize waste generation and optimize waste management, and (2) develop shipboard systems that will destroy or appropriately treat the wastes generated on board. If wastes are unavoidable and cannot be destroyed or retained on board for recycling ashore, they must be sufficiently treated so that overboard discharges are not considered environmentally significant. Although the ultimate solution for on board destruction has not been achieved for any shipboard wastestream, considerable progress has been made toward developing onboard capabilities for treating or processing solid wastes, oily wastes, hazardous materials, and medical wastes. Satisfactory interim or long-term solutions for treating blackwater and greywater are still being sought. International cooperation efforts directed toward achieving environmentally sound ships are underway among NATO navies to share information and technologies, and to save time and money. C1 USN, Air Syst Branch, Environm Protect Safety & Occupat Hlth Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Koss, L (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Branch, Environm Protect Safety & Occupat Hlth Div, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2006 VL 118 IS 3 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2006.tb00458.x PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 134GN UT WOS:000244071600001 ER PT J AU Wilson, W Chang, P Verosto, S Atsavapranee, P Reid, DF Jenkins, PT AF Wilson, Wesley Chang, Peter Verosto, Stephan Atsavapranee, Paisan Reid, David F. Jenkins, Philip T. TI Computational and experimental analysis of ballast water exchange SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The objective of the present study is to use experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods to examine the flow behavior inside ballast tanks during flow-through ballast water exchange (BWE), and to investigate the exchange effectiveness. Validation efforts are conducted based on comparisons with data collected in a 1/3-scale model of a portion of a typical ballast tank for a bulk carrier. Comparisons between the measured data and computational predictions are in good agreement. Numerical simulations are also performed for a typical full-scale ballast tank in a 35,000 dwt handysize bulk carrier, a ship type that represents a large proportion of the oceangoing vessels that ply the Great Lakes trade routes. The results of this study may help explain the variable results of ballast water exchange experiments documented to date, lead to ballast tank structural modification recommendations to improve overall ballast water exchange effectiveness, minimize deadspots, reduce sediment deposition and accumulation, and provide the insight and knowledge to select and enhance treatment technologies, thus reducing the threat of coastal invasive species being discharged in coastal ecosystems. C1 USN, Sea Syst Command, Warfare Ctr,Carderock Div, Computat Fluid Dynam Grp,Propuls & Fluid Syst Div, Washington, DC USA. USN Acad, Comm St Lawrence Seaway, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wilson, W (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command, Warfare Ctr,Carderock Div, Computat Fluid Dynam Grp,Propuls & Fluid Syst Div, Washington, DC USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2006 VL 118 IS 3 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2006.tb00460.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 134GN UT WOS:000244071600002 ER PT J AU Breslin, DA AF Breslin, David A. TI Climate change and the future of shipping and ship design SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In 2001, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued a series of alarming reports that outlined the likely consequences of climate change over the next 50 to 100 years. Subsequent to those reports, in early 2005, the Kyoto Protocol took effect, establishing modest targets for reducing emissions of global-warming gases by certain countries. Those targets are widely considered to be inadequate to do the job. >> In 2007, the IPCC will issue its next series of reports, and it is widely anticipated that those reports will paint a grim picture of the future, possibly setting off another round of calls to action and negotiations for tougher treaty requirements.))Whatever the immediate reaction to the 2007 IPCC reports, determined action by developed and developing nations alike appears inevitable. That determined action will affect every economic sector, including the shipping and shipbuilding industries. >> So it's coming time for the leaders, owners, operators, technologists, designers, and manufacturers in the U.S. domestic shipping and shipbuilding industries to begin contemplating what actions they will take to address possible legal requirements associated with global climate change. >> Previous papers on climate change by this author have focused on ship technologies (Breslin & Wang, 2004) as well as DoN acquisition strategies (Breslin, 2003). The purpose of this paper is to outline where we are and where we are likely to be going relative to treaties and domestic legislation associated with climate change, speculate on the likely implications relative to shipping and shipbuilding, and outline a rough path into the future. C1 USN, Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC USA. RP Breslin, DA (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2006 VL 118 IS 3 BP 151 EP 163 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2006.tb00471.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 134GN UT WOS:000244071600012 ER PT J AU Kesavapany, S Pareek, TK Zheng, YL Amin, N Gutkind, JS Ma, W Kulkarni, AB Grant, P Pant, HC AF Kesavapany, Sashi Pareek, Tej Kumar Zheng, Ya-Li Amin, Niranjana Gutkind, J. Silvio Ma, Wu Kulkarni, Ashok B. Grant, Philip Pant, Harish C. TI Neuronal nuclear organization is controlled by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 phosphorylation of ras guanine nucleotide releasing factor-1 SO NEUROSIGNALS LA English DT Article DE RasGRF1; p35; Cdk5; Ras; phosphorylation; nuclear organization ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; EXCHANGE FACTOR; CDK5 ACTIVITY; P35; CALCIUM; PATHWAY; EXPRESSION; GRF; RAS-GRF1/CDC25(MM); HIPPOCAMPUS AB RasGRF1 is a member of the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor ( RasGEF) family of proteins which are directly responsible for the activation of Ras and Rac GTPases. Originally identified as a phosphoprotein, RasGRF1 has been shown to be phosphorylated by protein kinase A and more recently, by the non-receptor tyrosine kinases Ack1 and Src. In this report we show that RasGRF1 interacts with and is phosphorylated by Cdk5 on serine 731 to regulate its steady state levels in mammalian cells as well as in neurons. Phosphorylation on this site by Cdk5 leads to RasGRF1 degradation through a calpain-dependent mechanism. Additionally, cortical neurons from Cdk5 knockout mice have higher levels of RasGRF1 which are reduced when wild-type Cdk5 is transfected into these neurons. In mitotic cells, nuclei become disorganized when RasGRF1 is overexpressed and this is rescued when RasGRF1 is co-expressed with active Cdk5. When RasGRF1 levels are elevated in neurons through overexpression of either the wild-type RasGRF1, or the phosphorylation mutant of RasGRF1 and by the transfection of a dominant negative Cdk5 construct, nuclei appeared condensed and fragmented. On the other hand, a reduction of RasGRF1 levels through p35/Cdk5 overexpression also leads to nuclear condensation in neurons. These data show that phosphorylation of RasGRF1 by Cdk5 tightly regulates its levels, which is essential for proper cellular organization. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 NIH, NINDS, Cytoskeletal Protein Regulat Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Craniofacil Dev Biol & Regenerat Branch, Funct Genom Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Lab Oral & Pharryngeal Canc, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Pant, HC (reprint author), NIH, NINDS, Cytoskeletal Protein Regulat Sect, Bldg 49,Room 2A-35, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM panth@ninds.nih.gov RI Gutkind, J. Silvio/A-1053-2009; OI Pareek, Tej/0000-0001-5134-1647 NR 50 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-862X J9 NEUROSIGNALS JI Neurosignals PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 157 EP 173 DI 10.1159/000095130 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 178QV UT WOS:000247236100001 PM 16921254 ER PT S AU Wulf, EA Phlips, BF Kurfess, JD Novikova, EI Fitzgerald, C AF Wulf, Eric A. Phlips, Bernard F. Kurfess, James D. Novikova, Elena I. Fitzgerald, Carrie BE Vourvopoulos, G Doty, FP TI Prototype Compton imager for special nuclear material - art. no. 62130E SO Non-Intrusive Inspection Technologies SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Non-Intrusive Inspection Technologies CY APR 17-18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE Compton imager; silicon; Compton; wafer bonding ID GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY; TELESCOPE AB Compton imagers offer a method for passive detection of nuclear material over background radiation. A prototype Compton imager has been constructed using 8 layers of silicon detectors. Each layer consists of a 2 x 2 array of 2 mm thick cross-strip double-sided silicon detectors with active areas of 5.7 x 5.7 cm(2) and 64 strips per side. The detectors are daisy-chained together in the array so that only 256 channels of electronics are needed to read-out each layer of the instrument. This imager is a prototype for a large, high-efficiency Compton imager that will meet operational requirements of Homeland Security for detection of shielded uranium. The instrument can differentiate between different radioisotopes using the reconstructed gamma-ray energy and can also show the location of the emissions with respect to the detector location. Results from the current instrument as well as simulations of the next generation instrument are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wulf, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7651,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6269-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6213 BP E2130 EP E2130 AR 62130E DI 10.1117/12.665546 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BES19 UT WOS:000239243400009 ER PT S AU Philips, BF Novikova, EI Wulf, EA Kurfess, JD AF Philips, Bernard F. Novikova, Elena I. Wulf, Eric A. Kurfess, James D. BE Vourvopoulos, G Doty, FP TI Comparison of shielded uranium passive gamma-ray detection methods - art. no. 62130H SO Non-Intrusive Inspection Technologies SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Non-Intrusive Inspection Technologies CY APR 17-18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE shielded special nuclear material; highly enriched uranium; passive detection; gamma-ray detector; scintillation detector; coded aperture; Compton -imaging; gamma-ray background AB The detection of shielded special nuclear materials is of great concern to the homeland security community. It is a challenging task that typically requires large detectors arrays to achieve the required sensitivity to detect shielded enriched uranium. We simulated the performance of three different configurations of scintillation detectors in-a realistic gamma ray background. The simulations were performed using the GEANT4 simulation package fine tuned for low energy photon transport. The background spectrum was obtained by modeling high-resolution background spectra obtained by various groups in various locations. The performance of a non-imaging scintillating array was compared to the performance of two imaging arrays: a coded aperture imager and a Compton imager. The sensitivity was modeled at three energies for the emission from a 1 kg sphere of uranium enriched to 95% U-235: the 185 keV emission from U-235, the 1001 keV emission from U-238, and the 2614 keV emission from U-232. The instruments were modeled with and without passive shielding. The most detectable signal is the 2.614 MeV emission from U-232 contamination if present at a level greater than tens of parts per trillion. While the non-imaging array has the highest efficiency, it also has the highest background rate and is therefore not the most sensitive instrument. We present the expected performance for the three different configurations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Philips, BF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6269-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6213 BP H2130 EP H2130 AR 62130H DI 10.1117/12.666342 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BES19 UT WOS:000239243400012 ER PT S AU Bucaro, JA Romano, AJ Vignola, JF Houston, BH Abraham, PB AF Bucaro, J. A. Romano, A. J. Vignola, J. F. Houston, B. H. Abraham, P. B. BE Mufti, AA Gyekenyesi, AL Shull, PJ TI Fault detection and localization using measured surface vibration and local inversion - art. no. 61760I SO Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring of Aerospace Materials, Composites, and Civil Infrastructure V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring of Aerospace Materials, Composites, and Civil Infrastructure V CY FEB 28-MAR 02, 2006 CL San Diego, CA DE fault detection; dynamic surface displacement; laser Doppler vibrometer scans; vibration inversion AB We present progress we have made in developing a structural acoustic-based methodology allowing interior fault detection and localization in plate-like structures using only processed vibration data readily available on the structure's surface. Our methods use measurements of surface displacement associated with vibration of the structure caused by externally applied forces. These forces can be created simply by a local actuator in direct contact with the structure or in some cases by an incident airborne acoustic wave. The measured normal surface displacements, u(Z)(x, y), are then inverted locally using various mathematically optimized algorithms in order to obtain a desired material parameter-for example, the elastic modulus-whose spatial variation then serves to detect and localize the fault. This structural acoustic approach is not limited to any particular length scale requiring only that the structure be mechanically excited at frequencies for which the structural wavelength is within an order of magnitude of the fault dimension and that the dynamic surface displacements be mapped with a spatial resolution smaller than the fault size. We present the results of deploying the structural acoustic technique in the US Capitol Building to locate faults within plaster walls and ceilings bearing large expanses of precious nineteenth century frescoes, in composite airframe skins in laboratory experiments to detect and locate de-bonding of thin (similar to 1mm) stiffeners and frames, and in micro-structures to detect and locate faults in silicon micro-oscillators and their supporting structures with resolutions approaching 1 mu m. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bucaro, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6229-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6176 BP I1760 EP I1760 AR 61760I DI 10.1117/12.654461 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BEO64 UT WOS:000238482400012 ER PT S AU de Lee, N AF de Lee, Nigel BE Buckley, J TI American tactical innovation in Normandy, 1944 SO NORMANDY CAMPAIGN 1944: SIXTY YEARS ON SE Military History and Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [de Lee, Nigel] Univ Hull, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England. [de Lee, Nigel] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [de Lee, Nigel] Krigsskolen, Oslo, Norway. RP de Lee, N (reprint author), Univ Hull, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1465-8488 BN 978-0-203-02888-9 J9 MIL HIST POLICY PY 2006 VL 24 BP 64 EP 73 PG 10 WC History; International Relations; Political Science SC History; International Relations; Government & Law GA BML97 UT WOS:000272758200006 ER PT S AU Kim, CS Canedy, CL Bewley, WW Kim, M Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Kim, C. S. Canedy, C. L. Bewley, W. W. Kim, M. Lindle, J. R. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. BE Mermeistein, C Bour, DP TI Mid-IR type-II "W" and interband cascade lasers emitting high CW powers - art. no. 613309 SO Novel In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Novel In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers V CY JAN 23, 2006 CL San Jose, CA DE diode laser; interband cascade laser; quantum well; mid-infrared ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; DIODE-LASERS; MU-M; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER; GROWTH-CONDITIONS; LASING PROPERTIES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB The I-V characteristics, lasing thresholds, and wallplug efficiencies of type-II "W" mid-IR diode lasers from 16 different wafers were studied in order to determine the influence of various device parameters. At T = 90 K, the wallplug efficiency for a 1-mm-long gain-guided device was > 10% and the slope efficiency was 142 mW/A (38% external quantum efficiency). When a 22-mu m-wide ridge was lithographically defined on a 5-period "W" laser with a p-GaSb etch stop layer, the maximum cw operating temperature increased to 230 K. We also investigated 5-stage and 10-stage interband cascade lasers containing "W" active quantum wells. For 10-stage devices, the low-temperature threshold current densities were somewhat higher than in the "W" diodes while at higher temperatures they were slightly lower. The threshold voltage was only approximate to 0.1 V larger than the photon energy multiplied by the number of stages, corresponding to a voltage efficiency of > 96%, while the differential series resistance-area product above threshold was as low as 0.21 m Omega.cm(2) at 100 K. At T = 78 K, the cw slope efficiency was 0.48 mW/A (126% external quantum efficiency), and a maximum cw power of 514 mW was produced by an epi-side-upmounted 2-mm-long 10-stage laser cavity with uncoated facets. A 5-stage 2-mm-long interband cascade laser produced = 700 mW of output power at 80 K, with a maximum wallplug efficiency of 20% per facet. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6175-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6133 BP 13309 EP 13309 AR 613309 DI 10.1117/12.641477 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BEI14 UT WOS:000237288600005 ER PT S AU Bartolo, RE Kirkendall, CK Kupershmidt, V Siala, S AF Bartolo, Robert E. Kirkendall, Clay K. Kupershmidt, Vladimir Siala, Sabeur BE Mermeistein, C Bour, DP TI Achieving narrow linewidth, low phase noise external cavity semiconductor lasers through the reduction of 1/f noise - art. no. 61330I SO Novel In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Novel In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers V CY JAN 23, 2006 CL San Jose, CA ID BURIED-HETEROSTRUCTURE LASERS; LEAKAGE CURRENTS; FREQUENCY; DEGRADATION; INTENSITY AB The presence of laser phase noise (or frequency jitter) limits the resolution of a variety of interferometric sensors ranging from fiber optic acoustic sensors to gravitational wave detectors. At low frequencies, 0 to 100 kHz, the laser phase noise in semiconductor and diode pumped solid-state lasers is dominated by 1/f noise, the source of which is not well understood. We report on phase noise measurements for external cavity semiconductor lasers (ECSLs) utilizing a fiber Bragg grating in a compact butterfly package design produced by K2 Optronics. The results show that the phase noise is dominated by 1/f noise for low frequencies (10 to 100 kHz) transitioning to a white noise due to spontaneous emission for f > 100 kHz. We observed a factor of 40 improvement in the magnitude of the 1/f phase noise as compared to previously published results for a Hitachi HLP 1400 830 nm diode laser. The magnitude of the low frequency phase noise ranges from 100 to 10 microradians per meter per root Hz for frequencies ranging from 10 Hz: to 2 kHz. These results are within a factor of 10 for phase noise measurements of the more expensive Lightwave Electronics Nd:YAG laser and a variety of Er-doped fiber lasers in this frequency range. For nominally similar ECSLs, experimental results indicate that the phase noise increases for lasers with larger leakage currents. Linewidth measurement results showed a Schawlow-Townes inverse power dependence for output powers up to 33 mWatts with the observed onset of a linewidth floor of 30 kHz. The RIN of the ECSLs varied from -120 to -155 dB Vrms per root Hz for frequencies ranging from 10 to 500 kHz. These RIN results are roughly equal to those observed for the Nd:YAG laser for frequencies less that 100 kHz. In summary, such low phase noise and RIN results make such ECSLs suitable for all but the most sensitive fiber optic sensing applications where the frequency range of interest is below 1 MHz. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bartolo, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6175-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6133 BP I1330 EP I1330 AR 61330I DI 10.1117/12.646901 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BEI14 UT WOS:000237288600013 ER PT B AU Pease, RL Dunham, GW Seiler, JE AF Pease, Ronald L. Dunham, Gary W. Seiler, John E. GP IEEE TI Total dose and dose rate response of low dropout voltage regulators SO NSREC: 2006 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP, WORKSHOP RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop CY JUL 17-21, 2006 CL Ponte Vedra Beach, FL SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE dose rate; radiation effects; total ionizing dose; voltage regulators ID RATE SENSITIVITY AB The total dose response of three bipolar low dropout voltage regulators is presented for a variety of irradiation and anneal test conditions. Two of the part types were chosen for their known enhanced low dose rate sensitivity (ELDRS) and the third for its known radiation tolerance. The two ELDRS parts show a dramatic sensitivity to irradiation bias with the all leads shorted being worst case at low dose rate. The responses at 10 mrad/s and 2.3 mrad/s are similar in magnitude, indicating that the low dose rate enhancement factor has leveled off below 10 mrad/s. Elevated temperature irradiation at 100 degrees C and 5 rad/s does not simulate the low dose rate response. C1 [Pease, Ronald L.] RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. [Dunham, Gary W.; Seiler, John E.] NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Pease, RL (reprint author), RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. EM rpease@rlpresearch.com; gdunham@atd.crane.navy.mil; seiler.john@atd.crane.navy.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [N00164-02-D-6599]; NAVSEA Crane; ATK Mission Research FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency through contract N00164-02-D-6599 with NAVSEA Crane and ATK Mission Research. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0638-8 PY 2006 BP 85 EP + PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BFX09 UT WOS:000245236500014 ER PT J AU Shao, L Nastasi, M Thompson, PE Rusakova, I Chen, QY Liu, JR Chu, WK AF Shao, L Nastasi, M Thompson, PE Rusakova, I Chen, QY Liu, JR Chu, WK TI The energy dependence of excessive vacancies created by high energy Si+ ion implantation in Si SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials (IBMM 2004) CY SEP 05-10, 2004 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, NE Calif Chapter DE high energy ion implantation; point defects; vacancies ID TRANSIENT ENHANCED DIFFUSION; BORON-DIFFUSION; POINT-DEFECT; SILICON; AMORPHIZATION AB We have used molecular beam epitaxy grown Sb markers within Si to detect vacancy fluxes created by high energy Si+ ion implants at various energies. Our experiments show that for a constant ion fluence of 1 X 10(15) cm(-2), the number of free vacancies created by ion implantation, followed by annealing at 900 degrees C, increases with implantation energy. This is in contrast to the instantaneous vacancy creation rate during ion bombardment at the surface, which decreases with increasing ion energy. The possible mechanisms are discussed based on the separation distance between excessive interstitials (at the projected range of ions) and vacancies (near the surface), and the interaction between free vacancies and vacancy clusters. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Supercond & Adv Mat, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Shao, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lshao@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2006 VL 242 IS 1-2 BP 506 EP 508 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.08.193 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 024VT UT WOS:000236225200138 ER PT J AU Shao, L Lee, JK Hochbauer, T Nastasi, M Thompson, PE Rusakova, I Seo, HW Chen, QY Liu, JR Chu, WK AF Shao, L Lee, JK Hochbauer, T Nastasi, M Thompson, PE Rusakova, I Seo, HW Chen, QY Liu, JR Chu, WK TI Ion-cut of Si facilitated by interfacial defects of Si substrate/epitaxial layer grown by molecular-beam epitaxy SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials (IBMM 2004) CY SEP 05-10, 2004 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, NE Calif Chapter DE hydrogen; blistering; ion cutting; interface ID SILICON AB We have shown that the Si/Si interface produced by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of Si on a Si substrate can significantly enhance the efficiency of ion cutting. MBE growth is performed at 650 degrees C. Samples are then implanted at room temperature by 62 keV H- to a dose of 7 x 10(16) ions/cm(2). The implantation energy locates H-peak in the vicinity of the Si/Si interface, which is 600 nm below the Si surface. Scanning electron microscopy shows that, after post-implantation annealing at 300 degrees C for 50 min, the H implanted MBE Si has bubbles formed with an average diameters of 33 mu m, which is around one order of magnitude larger than that observed in the control bulk silicon sample. It is also observed that the area covered with blisters is a factor of 2 larger for the MBE samples, a trend that is systematically observed for anneals carried out in the range of 300-550 degrees C. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Supercond & Adv Mat, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Shao, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lshao@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2006 VL 242 IS 1-2 BP 509 EP 511 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.08.192 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 024VT UT WOS:000236225200139 ER PT J AU Shao, L Nastasi, A Thompson, PE Chen, QY Liu, JR Chu, WK AF Shao, L Nastasi, A Thompson, PE Chen, QY Liu, JR Chu, WK TI Application of high energy ion beam for the control of boron diffusion SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials (IBMM 2004) CY SEP 05-10, 2004 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, NE Calif Chapter DE high energy ion implantation; point defects; boron diffusion; shallow junction ID ENHANCED DIFFUSION; SILICON; IMPLANTATION AB For the purpose of optimizing the process of co-implantation of MeV Si ions to reduce boron transient enhanced diffusion and boron-enhanced diffusion in Si, multiple MeV implantations and annealing at different temperatures have been performed. A slight improvement on the suppression of B diffusion is observed by adding a low temperature annealing step after the MeV implantation. No differences in B diffusion are observed when the Si doses are increased from 1 x 10(15) to 1 x 10(16) cm(-2). This dose independent behavior is speculated to be a quasi-steady state of vacancy cluster evaporation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct & Adv Mat, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Shao, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lshao@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2006 VL 242 IS 1-2 BP 670 EP 672 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.08.191 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 024VT UT WOS:000236225200183 ER PT J AU Martinho, AS Batteen, ML AF Martinho, AS Batteen, ML TI On reducing the slope parameter in terrain-following numerical ocean models SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENCE SCHEME; SIGMA; TOPOGRAPHY AB Sigma coordinate ocean models, such as the Princeton Ocean Model, are a type of terrain-following model, which are currently being used in regions with large topographic variability such as entire ocean basins, shelf breaks, continental shelves, estuaries and bays. The main concern when using a terrain-following ocean model is to reduce the pressure gradient force error (PGFE). Regardless of the method of calculation of the pressure gradient, the PGFE will not be reduced to an acceptable value without first reducing the slope parameter, defined by the absolute value of the ratio of the difference between two adjacent cell depths and their mean depth. Here two methods for reducing the slope parameter are compared: a traditional two-dimensional smoothing with Gaussian filters and an alternative one-dimensional robust direct iterative technique. While both methods efficiently smooth the bottom topography so that the pressure gradient errors are reduced to acceptable levels, the alternative method is shown to have a unique advantage of maintaining coastline irregularities, continental shelves, and relative maxima such as seamounts and islands. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Batteen, ML (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, 833 Dyer Rd,Room 328, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mlbattee@nps.edu NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2006 VL 13 IS 2 BP 166 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2006.01.003 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 043MT UT WOS:000237605900005 ER PT J AU Ngodock, HE Jacobs, GA Chen, MS AF Ngodock, HE Jacobs, GA Chen, MS TI The representer method, the ensemble Kalman filter and the ensemble Kalman smoother: A comparison study using a nonlinear reduced gravity ocean model SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE data assimilation; representer method; ensemble Kalman filter; ensemble Kalman smoother ID DATA ASSIMILATION; GENERALIZED INVERSION; SYSTEMS; ERROR; CONSTRAINTS; STATISTICS; EQUATION; SCHEMES AB This paper compares contending advanced data assimilation algorithms using the same dynamical model and measurements. Assimilation experiments use the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), the ensemble Kalman smoother (EnKS) and the representer method involving a nonlinear model and synthetic measurements of a mesoscale eddy. Twin model experiments provide the "truth" and assimilated state. The difference between truth and assimilation state is a mispositioning of an eddy in the initial state affected by a temporal shift. The systems are constructed to represent the dynamics, error covariances and data density as similarly as possible, though because of the differing assumptions in the system derivations subtle differences do occur. The results reflect some of these differences in the tangent linear assumption made in the representer adjoint and the temporal covariance of the EnKF, which does not correct initial condition errors. These differences are assessed through the accuracy of each method as a function of measurement density. Results indicate that these methods are comparably accurate for sufficiently dense measurement networks; and each is able to correct the position of a purposefully misplaced mesoscale eddy. As measurement density is decreased, the EnKS and the representer method retain accuracy longer than the EnKF. While the representer method is more accurate than the sequential methods within the time period covered by the observations (particularly during the first part of the assimilation time), the representer method is less accurate during later times and during the forecast time period for sparse networks as the tangent linear assumption becomes less accurate. Furthermore, the representer method proves to be significantly more costly (2-4 times) than the EnKS and EnKF even with only a few outer iterations of the iterated indirect representer method. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Ngodock, HE (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. EM Hans.Ngodock@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Jacobs, Gregg/C-1456-2008 NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2006 VL 12 IS 3-4 BP 378 EP 400 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2005.08.001 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 017LQ UT WOS:000235695500007 ER PT J AU Barron, CN Kara, AB Martin, PJ Rhodes, RC Smedstad, LF AF Barron, CN Kara, AB Martin, PJ Rhodes, RC Smedstad, LF TI Formulation, implementation and examination of vertical coordinate choices in the Global Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE coastal ocean model; NCOM; vertical grid; z-level; sigma coordinate; optimal coordinate ID WATER TURBIDITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MIXED-LAYER; SIMULATIONS; ALGORITHMS; TURBULENCE; PRESSURE; EQUATION; SYSTEM; HYCOM AB A 1/8 degrees global version of the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) is described with details of its formulation, implementation, and configuration of the vertical coordinate. NCOM is a baroclinic, hydrostatic, Boussinesq, free-surface ocean model that allows its vertical coordinate to consist of a coordinates for the upper layers and z-levels below a user-specified depth. This flexibility allows implementation of a hybrid sigma-z coordinate system that is expected to mitigate some of the weaknesses that can be associated with either pure coordinate option. For the global NCOM application, the sigma-z coordinate is used to allow terrain-following a coordinates in the upper ocean, providing better resolution and topographic fidelity in shelf regions where flow is most sensitive to its representation. Including z coordinates for deeper regions efficiently maintains high near-surface vertical resolution in the open ocean. Investigation into the impact of the selected coordinate system focuses on differences between atmospherically-forced free-running (no assimilation) global solutions using sigma-z and pure z coordinates. Comparisons with independent temperature observations indicate that global NCOM using the sigma-z coordinate has improved skill relative to its z coordinate implementation. Among other metrics, we show that in comparison with time series of surface temperature from National Oceanic Data Center (NODC) buoys, mostly located in coastal regions, root mean squared differences (RMSD) improved for 63% and correlation improved for 71% of the stations when sigma-z coordinates were used instead of pure z. For the exclusively open-ocean Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (TAO) buoys, differences between the simulations were small, with the sigma-z showing smaller RMSD for 45% of the stations and higher correlation for 65% of the stations. Additional comparisons using temperature profile observations further confirm a tendency for improved performance using the hybrid sigma-z coordinates. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Barron, CN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7322,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM barron@nrlssc.navy.mil; kara@nrlssc.navy.mil; martin@nrlssc.navy.mil; rhodes@nrlssc.navy.mil; lsmedstad@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008 NR 40 TC 129 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2006 VL 11 IS 3-4 BP 347 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2005.01.004 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 987EM UT WOS:000233501200004 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Barron, CN Martin, PJ Smedstad, LF Rhodes, RC AF Kara, AB Barron, CN Martin, PJ Smedstad, LF Rhodes, RC TI Validation of interannual simulations from the 1/8 degrees global Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE OGCM validation; buoy observations; interannual simulation; SST; MLD; optimal MLD; NCOM skill ID MIXED-LAYER DEPTH; CORRELATION-COEFFICIENT; SKILL SCORES; SYSTEM; VARIABILITY; PREDICTIONS; EQUATION; SEAWATER; STATE AB A 1/8 degrees global version of the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) is used for simulation of upper-ocean quantities on interannual time scales. The model spans the global ocean from 80 degrees S to a complete Arctic cap, and includes 19 terrain-following sigma- and 21 fixed z-levels. The global NCOM assimilates three-dimensional (313) temperature and salinity fields produced by the Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) which generates synthetic temperature and salinity profiles based on ocean surface observations. Model-data intercomparisons are performed to measure the effectiveness of NCOM in predicting upper-ocean quantities such as sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS) and mixed layer depth (MLD). Subsurface temperature and salinity are evaluated as well. An extensive set of buoy observations is used for this validation. Where possible, the model validation is performed between year-long time series obtained from the model and time series from the buoys. The statistical analyses include the calculation of dimensionless skill scores (SS), which are positive if statistical skill is shown and equal to one for perfect SST simulations. Model SST comparisons with year-long SST time series from all 83 buoys give a median SS value of 0.82. Model subsurface temperature comparisons with the year-long subsurface temperature time series from 24 buoys showed that the model is able to predict temperatures down to 500 in reasonably well, with positive SS values ranging from 0.18 to 0.97. Intercomparisons of MLD reveal that the model MLD is usually shallower than the buoy MLD by an average of about 15 m. Annual mean SSS and subsurface salinity biases between the model and buoy values are small. A comparison of SST between NCOM and a satellite-based Pathfinder data set demonstrates that the model has a root-mean-square (RMS) SST difference of 0.61 degrees C over the global ocean. Spatial variations of kinetic energy fields from NCOM show agree with historical observations. Based on these results, it is concluded that the global NCOM presented in this paper is able to predict upper-ocean quantities with reasonable accuracy for both coastal and open ocean locations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Kara, AB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, NRL Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM kara@nrlssc.navy.mil; barron@nrissc.navy.mil; martin@nrlssc.navy; lsmedstad@nrlssc.navy.mil; rhodes@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008 NR 35 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2006 VL 11 IS 3-4 BP 376 EP 398 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2005.01.003 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 987EM UT WOS:000233501200005 ER PT B AU Chassignet, EP Huriburt, HE Smedstad, OM Halliwell, GR Hogan, PJ Wallcraft, AJ Bleck, R AF Chassignet, Eric P. Huriburt, Harley E. Smedstad, Ole Martin Halliwell, George R. Hogan, Patrick J. Wallcraft, Alan J. Bleck, Rainer BE Chassignet, EP Verron, J TI Ocean prediction with the hybrid coordinate ocean model (HYCOM) SO OCEAN WEATHER FORECASTING: AN INTEGRATED VIEW OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Summer School of Oceanography CY SEP 20-OCT 01, 2004 CL Agelonde in Lalonde-Les Maures, Agelonde, FRANCE HO Agelonde in Lalonde-Les Maures DE HYCOM; GODAE; LAS; data assimilation; metrics ID VERTICAL COORDINATE; DATA ASSIMILATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLOSURE-MODEL; TURBULENCE; DIFFUSIVITIES; SIMULATIONS; MOMENTUM; FILTER; HEAT AB This chapter provides an overview of the effort centered oil the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) to develop an eddy-resolving, real-time global and basin-scale Ocean prediction system ill the context of the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE). C1 [Chassignet, Eric P.; Halliwell, George R.] Univ Miami, RSMAS, MPO, Miami, FL 33152 USA. [Huriburt, Harley E.; Hogan, Patrick J.; Wallcraft, Alan J.] Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Smedstad, Ole Martin] Stennis Space Ctr, Planning Syst Inc, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Bleck, Rainer] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Chassignet, EP (reprint author), Univ Miami, RSMAS, MPO, Miami, FL 33152 USA. RI Halliwell, George/B-3046-2011 OI Halliwell, George/0000-0003-4216-070X FU National Ocean Partnership Program (NOPP); Office of Naval Research (ONR); Operational Effects Programs (OEP) Program Office; PMW 150 FX This work was sponsored by the National Ocean Partnership Program (NOPP), the Office of Naval Research (ONR), and the Operational Effects Programs (OEP) Program Office, PMW 150 through the following projects: NOPP HYCOM Consortium for Data-Assimilative Ocean Modeling, NOPP U.S. GODAE: Global Ocean Prediction with the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), 6.1 Global Remote Littoral Forcing via Deep Water Pathways (ONR), 6.4 Large Scale Ocean Models, and 6.4 Ocean Data assimilation (all the 6.4 projects sponsored by PMW-150). NR 30 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-3981-6 PY 2006 BP 413 EP + DI 10.1007/1-4020-4028-8_16 PG 3 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BEE87 UT WOS:000237012000016 ER PT B AU Hardin, J Rigney, J AF Hardin, John Rigney, James BE Chassignet, EP Verron, J TI Operational oceanography in the US Navy: A GODAE perspective SO OCEAN WEATHER FORECASTING: AN INTEGRATED VIEW OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Summer School of Oceanography CY SEP 20-OCT 01, 2004 CL Agelonde in Lalonde-Les Maures, Agelonde, FRANCE HO Agelonde in Lalonde-Les Maures DE operational oceanography; GODAE; US Navy AB Operational oceanogaphy, throughout its long history, has continually evolved in order to remain relevant to the changing operational needs of the U.S. Navy. This transformation continues today as operational oceanography plays a key role in the rapidly shrinking tactical decision timelines of the naval warfighter. Understanding the warfighter's tactical questions and translating the information available from the ocean structures into tactically useful answers is key to this transformation. Appreciating and applying advances in oceanography, such as those provided by the international Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE), assures the highest technical quality of these answers. We address these transformation and translation processes and the nature of U.S. Navy operational oceanography today with specific emphasis on its interaction with GODAE. C1 [Hardin, John; Rigney, James] USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 37212 USA. RP Hardin, J (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 37212 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-3981-6 PY 2006 BP 467 EP + DI 10.1007/1-4020-4028-8_21 PG 3 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BEE87 UT WOS:000237012000021 ER PT B AU Ferguson, MO AF Ferguson, Michael O. GP IEEE TI Combining web services to manage real-time navigation data distribution SO OCEANS 2006 - ASIA PACIFIC, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006-Asia Pacific Conference CY MAY 16-19, 2006 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE AB Like many other disciplines, Positioning Navigation and Timing (PNT) data distribution has various requirements that depend on the use and criticality for its consumers, and satisfying these multiple varying needs from a single common source can be a challenge. In particular, the need to manage the distribution of PNT data on a ship, where some systems require various real-time accuracy and latency, as well as different sets of data, is critical. One example is the US Navy's Navigation Sensor System Interface (NAVSSI) that integrates the various ship sensor data, computes a single accurate PNT solution, and distributes it in real-time to other shipboard users [1]. The problem arises when the number of users continues to grow and change, which has led to the creation of multiple PNT data messages in order to isolate the changes from affecting other users. Once a user implements a particular PNT data structure, there is resistance to change it unless it's for their benefit and someone else pays for it The ideal solution would be to build a single variable superset of PNT data that can add fields without disrupting existing users. The NAVSSI Standard Navigation Message (SNM) was an attempt to provide such a solution [2]. Each field in the SNM included a corresponding description of it, so that a user can scan the SNM and pick the individual fields of interest The order of the fields and the length of the message were not guaranteed to be the same, so that a new fully described field can be inserted anywhere into the SNM. Unfortunately, there was no enforcement on the user side to implement the flexibility provided by the SNM, which resulted in multiple fixed messages to accommodate later changes [3]. This paper describes a revisit of this problem in light of more recent technological developments, and offers a better solution using Web Services [4]. Under this new proposed solution, a user connects to a Web server that provides the user with the ability to select the set of PNT data fields from a list and create their own tailored message. The user will also specify the rate at which the PNT messages are to be received, and the IP address to which the message will be sent. For security, a user will first have to present credentials and a need-to-know in order to set up an account with access controls [5]. While the Web service is used to set up the transmission parameters, it does not provide the real-time PNT data distribution via the same Web Service, since the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is not suitable for real-time communications. Instead, the real-time PNT data distribution is via User Datagram Protocol (UDP) over Internet Protocol (IP). However, a separate Web Service for PNT data can also be configured to support non real-time applications that use a Web Browser for their Graphical User Interface (GUI) [6]. This service, similar to the management and setup interface, will translate the PNT data into an eXtensible Markup Language (XML) formatted message, and using Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) for delivery over HTTP. With this proposed solution, a user's implementation will no longer be able to restrict the PNT data distribution service from changing to accommodate new users. A user can still poorly implement their client side, but it will be decoupled from the next user's implementation through the use of the Web Service to set up the distribution. C1 USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Ferguson, MO (reprint author), USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0137-6 PY 2006 BP 38 EP 42 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHH55 UT WOS:000253302000007 ER PT B AU Dasinger, SB Incze, BI Holz, TA AF Dasinger, Steven B. Incze, B. Imre Holz, Thomas A. GP IEEE TI A concept for efficient signal excess calculation for multistatic operations analysis SO OCEANS 2006 - ASIA PACIFIC, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006-Asia Pacific Conference CY MAY 16-19, 2006 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE AB This paper presents a method for reducing the time required to calculate signal excess for multistatic sonar systems in support of operations analysis. Runtime can be improved by a factor of 10 to 50 by reusing modeled components that go into the signal excess equation. The presented method introduces errors into the acoustic calculation that, when managed by the analyst, will have negligible effect on the operations analysis result. C1 [Dasinger, Steven B.; Incze, B. Imre; Holz, Thomas A.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Dasinger, SB (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0137-6 PY 2006 BP 962 EP 967 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHH55 UT WOS:000253302000164 ER PT S AU Yang, WB Yang, TC AF Yang, Wen-Bin Yang, T. C. GP IEEE TI Characterization and modeling of underwater acoustic communications channels for frequency-shift-keying signals SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB In a fading channel, bit error rate for frequency shift-keying signals is determined predominantly by the envelope amplitude fading statistics of the signal. The narrowband envelope amplitude distributions are measured from the TREX04 data (as a function of frequency) using M-sequence signals centered at 17 kHz with a 5 kHz bandwidth. The results do not fit the Rayleigh, Rician, Nakagami m-distributions. In contrasts we rind that the data are fitted well by a K-distribution. We also analyze the data in terms of long-term and short-term statistics. The long-term and short-term fading statistics are well fitted by the lognormal distribution and Rayleigh distribution respectively, choosing the average time scale to be similar to 0.2 sec. The joint probability distribution function of a lognormal and the Rayleigh distribution is approximately the K-distribution. C1 [Yang, Wen-Bin; Yang, T. C.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, WB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research. The authors thank J. Schindall, M. McCord and P. Gendron for their effort in conducting the ACOMMS experiment during the TREX 04 experiment, and our NRL colleagues for making the TREX04 experiment a success. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 59 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100012 ER PT S AU Briggs, KB Richardson, MD AF Briggs, Kevin B. Richardson, Michael D. GP IEEE TI Roughness spectra and acoustic response from a diver-manipulated sea floor SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB A digital stereo photogrammetric system was designed and implemented to measure seafloor roughness in coastal sands. High-resolution images that achieve more than four pixels/mm in either the horizontal or vertical dimension are created by two cameras sealed in watertight housings and actuated simultaneously by a scuba diver. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the photographed sea floor is created from digital autocorrelation of left and right paired images. The DEM is used to estimate a 2D roughness power spectrum, from which are derived parameters of the spectral exponent and spectral strength that are used as inputs in high-frequency acoustic scattering models. C1 USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Briggs, KB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 113 EP 117 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100021 ER PT S AU Dobeck, GJ AF Dobeck, Gerald J. GP IEEE TI The K-nearest neighbor attractor-based neural network and the optimal linear discriminatory filter classifier SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID MINE DETECTION; SONAR AB The K-Nearest Neighbor Attractor-based Neural Network and the Optimal Linear Discriminatory Filter Classifier are feature-based classifiers that are trained via supervised learning using a training set of feature vectors. They were developed by the author and successfully used in several applications where they were "and-ed." Results using these classifiers have been published, but comprehensive descriptions of them have not appeared in the literature. This paper presents their detailed descriptions. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare Panama City, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Dobeck, GJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare Panama City, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 165 EP 170 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100029 ER PT S AU Yang, TC AF Yang, T. C. GP IEEE TI Modeling and interpretation of beamforming gain and diversity gain for underwater acoustic communications SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB Output signal-to-noise ratios for a multichannel decision feedback equalizer were measured from experimental BPSK data as a function of the receiver spacing, number of receivers used, and array aperture and reported in a paper in OCEANS 2005 by the author. This paper discusses the theory and reports numerical modeling results to compare with the data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yang@wave.nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 219 EP 223 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100039 ER PT S AU Matthews, AD Montgomery, TC Cook, DA Oeschger, JW Stroud, JS AF Matthews, Anthony D. Montgomery, Thomas C. Cook, Daniel A. Oeschger, John W. Stroud, John S. GP IEEE TI 12.75" synthetic aperture sonar (SAS), high resolution and automatic target recognition SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB The Autonomous Operations Future Naval Capability (AOFNC) program developed a 12.75 '' diameter autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) and a Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS12) payload. This system falls under the lightweight designator of the Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (UUV) master plan. Bluefin Robotics Corporation and the Applied Research Laboratory of The Pennsylvania State University (ARL/PSU) developed the vehiclel/payload system. In addition to the previous team members, Naval Surface Warfare Center Panama City (NSWC PC) developed the synthetic aperture image processing. The system will include motion compensation and beam formation software, real time data handlers, and automatic target recognition algorithms. NSWC PC provided test range services and test planning to the project, as well. The AUV design is an open frame that allows modular payloads to be attached. The modules are self-contained and the surround is free-flooded. A plastic fairing covers the payload and vehicle subsystems. The payload power and communications are supplied through common interfaces. The vehicle hosts a suite of inertial, environmental, and heading sensors, as well as, a Doppler Velocity Log (DVIL). Data from this sensor suite is combined to provide the information necessary for proper SAS operation. This data is used both in the SAS ping timing and ultimately in the correction of errors due to aperture misalignment. Vehicle and payload data and logs are recorded and used to evaluate system performance. The SAS payload is designed using COTS data acquisition and communication hardware. The SAS operates at 180 kHz in the side looking mode. A suite of arbitrary waveforms can be transmitted to optimize SAS performance in a given environment. The broadband receiver is designed for minimal channel-to-channel gain and phase errors necessary for acquisition of high fidelity signals. Signals are filtered and decimated then passed to the recorder and processing systems. The individual element aperture determines the ultimate resolution limit. In principle, SAS12 can be processed for 25mm resolution at all ranges out to a maximum of 150 meters. One advantage of SAS is that the data collected can be processed to whatever resolution is defined by the user, within this limit. This is useful in resolution studies because the same data set can be processed for different resolutions. Typically real apertures have a fixed resolution proportional to the physical length. Depending on the real aperture system, this resolution may be constant or vary as a function of range. The system will include real time automatic target recognition (ATR). The ATR consists of a set of algorithms developed by several different contributors. The master algorithm uses a rule based system to combine the information generated by the individual contributors. The result produces a lower false alarm rate that any single algorithm. The authors present performance for comparison to the existing data bases that relate ATR performance to image resolution. ATR performance is affected by clutter, bottom type, target aspect, and many other characteristics, as modified by the SAS resolution. Imagery is presented with ATR performance measures. Sonar performance is discussed in qualitative terms, and is based on image appearance and knowledge of what targets are present in the field. Quantitative performance measures are also presented in terms of requirements of the ATR, Probability of Detection (Pd), and Probability of False Alarm (Pfa). C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare Panama City, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Matthews, AD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare Panama City, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. EM anthony.matthews@navy.mail; tcm3@psu.edu; daniel.a.cook@navy.mil; john.oeschger@navy.mil; john.stroud@navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 224 EP 230 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100040 ER PT S AU Clark, JA Tarasek, G AF Clark, Joseph A. Tarasek, Gerald GP IEEE TI Localization of radiating sources along the hull of a submarine using a vector sensor array SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB Mappings of sound sources on submarine hulls provide an important diagnostic tool for analyzing the radiated signature, and evaluating noise deficiencies and silencing improvements of U.S. Navy submarines. The acoustic imaging problem is particularly difficult because the resolution of signals required to provide useful information is usually on a scale that it is several times smaller than the acoustic wavelength. Recent testing with acoustic vector sensors (combined pressure and particle velocity sensors) has demonstrated that these devices can provide substantial improvements in source resolution over currently available pressure sensor arrays. The algorithms used to process data from arrays of vector sensors (tri-axial particle velocity sensors combined with pressure sensors) will be described and acoustic intensity images produced by simulated radiation from submarine hulls during recent testing at SEAFAC, the U.S. Navy acoustic signature measurement facility in Behm Canal, Alaska, will be presented. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Clark, JA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 243 EP 245 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100043 ER PT S AU Moretti, D DiMarzio, N Morrissey, R Ward, J Jarvis, S AF Moretti, D. DiMarzio, N. Morrissey, R. Ward, J. Jarvis, S. GP IEEE TI Estimating the density of Blainville's beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris) in the Tongue of the Ocean (TOTO) using passive acoustics SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB Techniques to detect and localize marine mammals including Blainville's beaked whales (Mesoplodon densirostris) using the bottom-mounted hydrophones of the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center have been developed. A series of verification tests using these passive acoustics techniques to determine the presence and position of vocalizing animals are being conducted. These acoustic "sightings" are verified by a team of surface observers. Based on Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution tag data and the ongoing verification tests, vocalizations associated with M. densirostris appear to be distinct in type, frequency, and repetition rate. Group size estimates have been derived from these tests and from previous long-term observations. By acoustically mapping the distribution of animals and applying estimatei of average group size an initial density estimate for M densirostris is derived. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Moretti, D (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Code 71,Bldg 1351, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 313 EP 317 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100057 ER PT S AU Carroll, PJ Wynn, WM Purpura, JW AF Carroll, P. J. Wynn, W. M. Purpura, J. W. GP IEEE TI Assessment of an active electromagnetic sensor for hunting buried naval mines, part II SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB The US Navy is investigating the use of broadband electromagnetic (EM) sensors as a candidate technology for its Buried Minehunting (BMH) sensor suite. New Navy tactics are being, pursued, where short-range sensors are incorporated into reacquisition minehunting systems for short-range classification. The current approach includes study of use of active EM sensors that employ multi-frequency sources for target illumination which can provide valuable multi-spectral discrimination for the classification of buried naval mines. In 2004, the Navy evaluated the detection/classification performance of a Geophex, Ltd. GEM3 sensor by performing underwater tests versus selected ideal targets and simulated mine targets. Test results demonstrated that GEM3 can detect metallic ordnance buried in the ground and under the sea bottom at short ranges. GEM3 tests demonstrated that electromagnetic induction spectroscopy (EMIS) techniques could be used to measure the spectral "fingerprint" of a target, which assists in target identification. FY04 GEM3 tests also showed that the active EM detection range must be increased if these sensors are to be a useful identification sensor in an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) reacquisition system. In this paper, we report results measuring the performance of a new Geophex active EM sensor that employs new coil configurations designed to extend the detection range and increase background noise rejection. The new coil configuration which contains multiple active EM sensors is designed at a comparable size with the 12 (3/4)" AUVs that the BMH program is developing for its reacquisition minehunting systems. Results from rail experiments with the new sensor operating on land are described. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Carroll, PJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. EM paul.caroll@navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 339 EP 346 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100062 ER PT S AU Carbone, CP Kay, SM AF Carbone, Christopher P. Kay, Steven M. GP IEEE TI Modiel based classification using multi-ping data SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB This paper proposes a method of target classification using three dimensional (3-D) data. The data consists of multiple realizations (pings) of range versus bearing plots, so the three dimensions of the data are range, bearing and time (or pings). The data is assumed to consist of independent non-identically distributed complex gaussian noise, and a target. The Target (TGT) is of known constant size (extent in range and bearing) and known speed. The TGT power, and heading are unknown. In the derivation of the classifier a normalization step is necessary and we propose an approach to the normalization of multidimensional (m-D) data. This paper contains the derivation of the classifier, a description of the normalizer, a description of the algorithm that follows from the classifier and simulation results. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Carbone, CP (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM carbonecp@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; kay@ele.uri.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 347 EP 352 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100063 ER PT S AU Sulzberger, G Bono, J Allen, GI Clem, T Kumar, S AF Sulzberger, G. Bono, J. Allen, G. I. Clem, T. Kumar, S. GP IEEE TI Demonstration of the real-time tracking gradiometer for buried mine hunting while operating from a small unmanned underwater vehicle SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB In many undersea conditions, optical sensors and sonar can be used to discriminate against sea mines. However, there are many conditions where these sensors are insufficient. For example, when a mine is fully buried these sensors are of little help. Under these conditions, additional sensor technologies are required. Since it is not affected by the medium, a technology of choice is magnetics. In the late 1990's a "T-shaped" gradiometer with a 12-inch baseline was developed. It became known as the RTG. Measurements performed in the nonmagnetic facility at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Panama City (NSWC-PC) demonstrated good localization capabilities and it was selected to become part of an ONR initiative to replace the human diver with Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) using custom designed payload modules in high-risk mission areas. In the early 2000's the land-based RTG was refitted for underwater applications and integrated with the Florida Atlantic University's Buried Object Scanning Sonar (BOSS). Both were operated from a towed nonmagnetic sled where they demonstrated the ability to localize on buried undersea magnetic targets. The collection of simultaneous magnetic and acoustic data provided the opportunity to apply sensor fusion. While the towed nonmagnetic sled was an ideal magnetic platform, it was unsuited for the shallow water operations required by the Navy. In response to those requirements, both RTG and BOSS were redesigned to fit on newly developed UUVs, such as the 12.75''-diameter Bluefin 12. As expected the UUVs magnetic platform noise level was considerably higher due to the increased number of magnetic noise sources on an active autonomous vehicle and the closer placement of the RTG to these noise sources. To mitigate this increased noise, a magnetic noise cancellation system using magnetometers and current sensors, strategically placed within the control section of the UUV, was implemented. The initial underwater shake down of this entirely new system occurred in August 2005. This demonstrated, for the first time, autonomous control of the RTG by the Bluefin 12. Sea tests continued during 2006, collecting simultaneous data from the RTG, BOSS and a simple optical camera. These co-registered data have been used to demonstrate the common detection and localization of buried targets. This paper focuses on the 2006 sea testing of the system and the initial analysis of the data from the fluxgate-based RTG. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Panama City, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Sulzberger, G (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Panama City, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 376 EP 380 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100068 ER PT S AU Jarvis, S DiMarzio, N Morrissey, R Morretti, D AF Jarvis, Susan DiMarzio, Nancy Morrissey, Ronald Morretti, David GP IEEE TI Automated classification of beaked whales and other small odontocetes in the tongue of the ocean, Bahamas SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB Navy sonar has recently been associated with a number of marine mammal stranding events'. Beaked whales have been the predominant species involved in a number of these strandings. Monitoring and mitigating the effects of anthropogenic noise on marine mammals are active areas of research. Key to both monitoring and mitigation is the ability to automatically detect and classify the animals, especially beaked whales. This paper presents a novel support vector machine based methodology for automated species level classification of small odontocetes. To date, the algorithm presented has been trained to differentiate the click vocalizations of Blainville's beaked whales (Mesoplodon densirostris) from the clicks produced by delphinids and from man-made sounds. The automated classification capability compliments the detection and tracking tools already developed through ONR funding for the monitoring and localization of whales at the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center, Andros Island, Bahamas. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Jarvis, S (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 532 EP 537 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100095 ER PT S AU Wiegert, R Oeschger, J AF Wiegert, Roy Oeschger, John GP IEEE TI Portable magnetic gradiometer for real-time localization and classification of unexploded ordnance SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB We report progress toward achievement of a new magnetic tensor gradiometer technology that is being developed with support from the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program square SERDP square. The objective of this R & D effort is to provide a man-portable magnetic tensor gradiometer for real-time, point-by-point detection, localization and classification square DLC square (of Unexploded Ordnance square UXO square). The portable gradiometer processes data from triaxial fluxgate magnetometers to develop sets of rotationally invariant, "gradient-contraction-type" scalar parameters. The scalar parameters provide the basis for a unique "Scalar Triangulation and Ranging square STAR square method that determines the UXO's position and magnetic signature. In particular, our paper presents: a square A review of the magnetic STAR concept, b square Details of construction and operation of the portable STAR-type gradiometer, c square Results of computer simulations of the effects of fluxgate noise on the gradiometer's target-tracking performance and d square Results (if experimental measurements of uncorrelated fluxgate noise and correlated gradient channel imbalance errors, e square Preliminary results from a gradient imbalance noise compensation algorithm. The R & D results indicate that the magnetic STAR concept potentially will provide an exceptionally valuable, motion-noise-resistant magnetic sensing technology for real-time, DLC of Unexploded Ordnance, and buried mines. C1 [Wiegert, Roy; Oeschger, John] USN, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Wiegert, R (reprint author), USN, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [MM-1511] FX This work was supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) under Project MM-1511. At NSWC PC, Mr. Eric Tuovila, Rob Parker and Jerry Blimbaum have contributed to the Project. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 747 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100135 ER PT S AU Clem, TR Bono, JT Davis, PS Overway, DJ Vaizer, L Kine, D Torres, A Austin, T Stokey, RP Packard, G AF Clem, T. R. Bono, J. T. Davis, P. S. Overway, D. J. Vaizer, L. Kine, D. Torres, A. Austin, T. Stokey, R. P. Packard, G. GP IEEE TI Initial buried minehunting demonstration of the laser scalar gradiometer operating onboard REMUS 600 SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB The Laser Scalar Gradiometer (LSG) is a sensitive passive magnetic sensor based on the opto-magnetic properties of helium-4 gas in accordance with the Zeeman effect. The LSG has attained increased sensitivity over comparable sensors by the use of a laser in place of incoherent light for optical pumping. It employs four helium sense cells configured in a volume-filling arrangement to measure four independent channels of information: the scalar field magnitude and three linearly independent admixtures of the three components of the scalar-field gradient vector. The LSG has now been integrated into the REMUS 600 and evaluated in land-based testing. This land-based testing has assured the proper functionality of this integrated system prototype and established the sensor's noise floor in the electromagnetic environment of the REMUS 600. Following this land-based testing, at-sea shakedown tests and experiments over target fields have been conducted to provide a more definitive measure of the LSG's performance under actual operational conditions and to evaluate its current capability to detect, classify, and localize (DCL) buried mines. The system configuration, the experiment design, associated test procedures, and results of data analysis from the underwater experiments conducted with the LSG onboard REMUS 600 are reported in this paper. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Clem, TR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 874 EP 880 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100158 ER PT S AU Wettergren, TA Costa, R Baylog, JG Grage, SP AF Wettergren, Thomas A. Costa, Russell Baylog, John G. Grage, Sandie P. GP IEEE TI Assessing performance tradeoffs in undersea distributed sensor networks SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB We consider the problem of determining the correct set of sensors to employ in the design of large area undersea surveillance sensor networks. As sensor technologies evolve, such networks are becoming increasingly practical. In turn, optimal selection of the number and type of sensors to deploy becomes an increasingly nontrivial process. Choices of field level detection and false alarm performance, as well as cost, all enter into this tradeoff decision space. In particular, the multiobjective nature of the problem leads to families of "optimal" solutions that each correspond to different tradeoffs between these often conflicting objectives. In this paper, we address these tradeoffs using a simple model of multi-sensor search performance and show the tradeoffs as Pareto efficient sets of solutions that satisfy system constraints. We also provide a means to determine the specific characteristics of the systems that lead to different design choices and explain how these designs perform as comprehensive search systems. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Wettergren, TA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM t.a.wettergren@ieee.org NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 893 EP 898 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100161 ER PT S AU LePage, KD Neumann, P Holland, CA AF LePage, K. D. Neumann, P. Holland, C. W. GP IEEE TI Broad-band time domain modeling of sonar clutter in range dependent waveguides SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID SCATTERING AB A broadband time domain reverberation and clutter model has been developed to aid in the development of a better understanding of the environmental and system characteristics which drive sonar clutter in inhomogeneous waveguides. The theoretical background of the model is presented and its ability to model both diffuse background reverberation levels and clutter, characteristics for a site on the Malta Plateau south of Sicily are evaluated. C1 [LePage, K. D.] USN, Res Lab, 4445 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Neumann, P.] PlanningSyst Inc, Lebanon, NH USA. Penn State Univ, State Coll, PA USA. RP LePage, KD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4445 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU ONR; STTR NOOO14-04-C-0399 FX Work supported by ONR Phase II STTR NOOO14-04-C-0399 "Advanced Physics-Based Modeling of Discrete Clutter and Diffuse Reverberation in the Littoral Environment" NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 899 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100162 ER PT S AU Gauss, RC Fialkowski, JM AF Gauss, R. C. Fialkowski, J. M. GP IEEE TI Mping clutter in situ: Broadband results from T-MAST 02 and boundary 2004 SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB This paper presents experimental results of applying two methods to help mitigate the seabed clutter problem by spatially isolating significant reverberant features in situ: 1) a "clutter mapping" technique applied to broadband (400 to 2500 Hz) acoustic data collected in the vicinity of the Stanton Banks off of Scotland during the T-MAST 02 experiment; and 2) the use of a cardioid receiver array on the Malta Plateau off of Sicily during the Boundary 2004 experiment. It is shown that while there are a number of correspondences between strong duffer events and the leading edges of known bathymetric features, there are also a number of clutter returns with no obvious corresponding bathymetric relief The implications are that relying on archival bathymetric (and wreck) databases will in general be insufficient, and that in-situ reverberation assessments need to be conducted that yield not just the mean (intensity) characteristics, but also the statistics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gauss, RC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Code 7144, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 918 EP 923 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100166 ER PT S AU Brown, D Cook, D Fernandez, J AF Brown, Daniel Cook, Daniel Fernandez, Jose GP IEEE TI Results from a small synthetic aperture sonar SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB A Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS) is capable of producing range-independent high-resolution imagery from an array which is small in length. The ability of these systems to operate at lower frequencies while maintaining high resolution has made them useful for mapping and searching large areas. The US Navy is now focusing on developing SAS systems into a form robust enough for deployment. Here, we will show results from several sea tests and describe one such system known as the Small Synthetic Aperture Minehunter (SSAM). C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Panama City, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Brown, D (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Panama City, Code HS11 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 1015 EP 1020 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100185 ER PT S AU Blackmon, F Antonelli, L AF Blackmon, Fletcher Antonelli, Lynn GP IEEE TI Remote, aerial, trans-layer, linear and Non-Linear downlink underwater acoustic communication SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID GENERATION AB Both the linear mechanism for optical to acoustic energy conversion are explored for opto-acoustic communication from an in-air platform to a submerged vessel such as a submarine or unmanned undersea vehicle. This downlink communication can take the form of a bell ringer function for submerged platforms or for the transmission of text and/or data. The linear conversion mechanism, also known as the linear opto-acoustic regime where laser energy is converted to sound at the air-water interface, involves only the heating of the water medium. In this mode of operation, the acoustic pressure is also linearly proportional to the laser power. In contrast, the non-linear conversion mechanism, also known as the non-linear opto-acoustic regime where focused laser energy is converted to sound at the air-water interface, involves a phase change of the water medium through evaporation and vaporization which leads to the production of a plasma. In this mode of operation, the acoustic pressure is non-linearly related to the laser power. The non-linear conversion mechanism provides a more efficient, i.e. higher source level, yet less controllable method for producing underwater acoustic signals as compared to the linear mechanism. A number of conventional signals used in underwater acoustic telemetry applications as well as command and control applications are shown to be capable of being generated experimentally via the linear and nonlinear opto-acoustic regime conversion process. The communication range and data rates that can be achieved in both conversion regimes are! addressed. The use of oblique laser beam incidence at the air-water interface to obtain considerable in-air range from the laser source to the in-water receiver is addressed. Also, the impact of oblique incidence on in-water range is examined. Optimum and sub-optimum linear opto-acoustic sound generation techniques for selecting the optical wavelength and signaling frequency for optimizing in-water range are addressed and discussed. Opto-acoustic communication techniques employing M-ary Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) and Multi-frequency Shift Keying (MFSK) are then compared with regard to communication parameters such as bandwidth, data rate, range coverage, and number of lasers employed. In the non-linear conversion regime, a means of deterministically controlling the spectrum of the underwater acoustic signal has been investigated and demonstrated by varying the laser-pulse repetition rate to provide M-ary Frequency Shift Keyed signaling. This physics-based conversion process provides a methodology for providing low probability of intercept signals whose information is embedded in noise-like signals. These laser generated signals can then be used in a frequency hopped spread spectrum technique with the use of the proper receiver structures to take advantage of the frequency diversity and periodicity inherent in this type of signal structure that could also be used to combat frequency selective fading in underwater acoustic channels. C1 USN, Undersea Water Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Blackmon, F (reprint author), USN, Undersea Water Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM blackmonfa@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; antonellilt@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 1021 EP 1027 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100186 ER PT S AU Cochenour, B Mullen, L Laux, A Curran, T AF Cochenour, Brandon Mullen, Linda Laux, Alan Curran, Tom GP IEEE TI Effects of multiple scattering on the implementation of an underwater wireless optical communications link SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB Recent interest in ocean exploration has brought about a desire for developing wireless communication techniques in this challenging environment. Due to its high attenuation in water, a radio frequency (RF) carrier is not the optimum choice. Acoustic techniques have made tremendous progress in establishing wireless underwater links, but they are ultimately limited in bandwidth. A third option is optical radiation, which is discussed in this paper. One drawback of underwater wireless optical communications is that the transmission of the optical carrier is highly dependent on water type. This study examines some of the challenges in implementing an optical link in turbid water environments and attempts to answer how water clarity affects the overall link. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Cochenour, B (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 1057 EP 1062 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100193 ER PT S AU Morrissey, KP Jarvis, S DiMarzio, N Ward, J Moretti, DJ AF Morrissey, K. P. Jarvis, S. DiMarzio, N. Ward, J. Moretti, D. J. GP IEEE TI North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) detection & localization in the Bay of Fundy using widely spaced, bottom mounted sensors SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB A data set consisting of North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis),vocalizations were provided as part of the 2003 International Workshop on Detection and Localization of Marine Mammals using Passive Acoustics in, Halifax, Nova Scotia. These vocalizations were processed using a set of detection and localization algorithms developed as part of the Marine Mammal Monitoring on Navy Ranges (M3R) program. Localization is performed using hyperbolic multilateration on Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) data from a two stage FFT based energy detector. Binary FFTs are computed from the raw time series by thresholding the FFT using a time average in each bin as the threshold criteria. Clicks are detected by comparing the total number of bins above threshold to a secondary threshold. Detected clicks are split out of the data stream and the rest of the data is aligned using a spectrogram cross-correlation. Details of the marine mammal monitoring algorithms will lie presented as well as results from the data set. C1 [Morrissey, K. P.; Jarvis, S.; DiMarzio, N.; Ward, J.; Moretti, D. J.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 71,Bldg 1351 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Morrissey, KP (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 71,Bldg 1351 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 1349 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100246 ER PT S AU Cobb, JT Arrieta, R Bernstein, C AF Cobb, J. Tory Arrieta, Rodolfo Bernstein, Charles GP IEEE TI Classification of underwater objects via impulse excitation SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB A technique for classifying objects based on modeling the transient characteristics of their impulse response is developed and tested. A set of targets identical in geometry and differing in shell and filler material were constructed. The targets were manually struck exciting an impulse response which was sampled and recorded. The impulse response of each target was decomposed via windowed short-time Fourier transform into a set of feature vectors. The feature vectors were quantized via the LBG VQ algorithm, and the sets of quantized vectors were used to estimate the parameters of a discrete-output hidden Markov model (HMM) for each class of object A blind test set was evaluated against the trained HMMs and the results are presented along with a discussion of the generalization ability of the individual classifiers. C1 [Cobb, J. Tory; Arrieta, Rodolfo; Bernstein, Charles] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Cobb, JT (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. FU Naval Surface Warfare Center Panama City Independent Applied Research program; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Naval Surface Warfare Center Panama City Independent Applied Research program funded by the Office of Naval Research. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 1376 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100251 ER PT S AU Summers, JE Gragg, RF Soukup, RJ AF Summers, Jason E. Gragg, Robert F. Soukup, Raymond J. GP IEEE TI Topogrraphy measurement of scale-model representations of the rough ocean bottom by touchtrigger probe and its implications for spectral characterization SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID STYLUS TIP CURVATURE; RADIUS COMPENSATION; PROFILES; ERRORS AB Scale models (of the ocean bottom exhibiting multiscale roughness having power-law form power-spectral density are useful for validation of deterministic and stochastic rough-surface scattering theories. Such scattering theories require accurate knowledge of the topography of the scale-model surface, which, at acoustic scales, can be measured on a two-dimensional grid using a kinematic-resistive touch-trigger probe and represented by a digital elevation model. Both the discrete representation and the physical measurement process introduce spectral artifacts. While the theoretical relationship describing spectral effects of the discrete representation is well known, this relationship is more complex for the physical measurement process. In the later case, spectral effects result from a combination of random measurement errors and fundamental limitations of probe measurement. Here, a numerical model of the physical measurement process is presented, which is used to simulate spectral effects of probe measurement. While random measurement errors can be controlled for and tend to introduce only an additive white-noise component into the measured power-spectral density, limitations of probe measurement are due to the finite size of the probe stylus and result in a systematic error in the measured power-spectral density for spatial wavenumbers above a critical wavenumbers. C1 [Summers, Jason E.; Gragg, Robert F.; Soukup, Raymond J.] USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Code 7140, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Summers, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Code 7140, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Summers, Jason/K-3142-2012 OI Summers, Jason/0000-0002-9247-7900 FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at The U. S. Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. Portions of it were performed while J.E.S. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at The U. S. Naval Research Laboratory. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 1551 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100284 ER PT S AU Shah, AK Sternlicht, DD Harbaugh, JK Webb, ML Holtzapple, WR AF Shah, Ana K. Sternlicht, Daniel D. Harbaugh, J. Kent Webb, Michael L. Holtzapple, Richard GP IEEE TI Buried object classification using a sediment volume imaging SAS and electromagnetic gradiometer SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB To advance naval capabilities in identifying buried mines and unexploded ordnance, hybrid systems that fuse data from disparate sensors are being developed. This paper describes preliminary results of a classification engine that combines target features and classification parameters from a synthetic aperture Buried Object Scanning Sonar (ROSS) and an electromagnetic Real-time Tracking Gradiometer (RTG). The target characteristics that generate signals of interest for these sensors (acoustic backscatter and induced changes in local magnetic field) are sufficiently diverse that optimal combination should effectively increase the probability of correct target classification and reduce false alarm rates. Geometric and backscatter intensity features automatically extracted from three-dimensional acoustic imagery are combined with magnetic moment and associated parameters in a joint-Gaussian Bayesian classifier (JBC), which makes mine-like/non-mine-like decisions for each contact. The fused acoustic-magnetic classifier was evaluated using a combination of sea-trial and synthetic data sets. Nine data runs were processed to yield acoustic and magnetic features, supplemented by the synthetic data. An initially large variety of feature types were down-selected by a training process to a critical subset. With this limited dataset, initial results show probabilities of false classification (Pfc) from 1.6% to 6.3% when at high probability of correct classification (Pcc). C1 Appl Signal Technol Inc, Torrance, CA 90503 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Shah, AK (reprint author), Appl Signal Technol Inc, 21311 Hawthorne Blvd Suite 300, Torrance, CA 90503 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 1557 EP 1562 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100285 ER PT S AU Fredriksson, DW Decew, JC Irish, JD AF Fredriksson, David W. Decew, Judson C. Irish, Jainies D. GP IEEE TI A field study to understand the currents and loads of a near shore finfish farm SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID AQUACULTURE WASTE TRANSPORT; FISH CAGE; MAINE; DYNAMICS; MODELS; BAY AB An extensive field study was conducted to investigate the current velocities and mooring system tensions in a 20-unit net pen fish farm located in Eastport Maine, USA, near the Bay of Fundy where extreme tides create strong currents loading fish farm components. To understand the flow characteristics at the site, currents meters were deployed at external and internal farm locations during three distinct operational conditions: (1) clean nets for smolts, (2) clean nets for standard grow out and (3) nets for standard grow out at the end of the stocking schedule, when the gear is fouled with biological material. Also, several load cells were deployed at the same! time on important anchor leg and net pen attachment components to measure system loads. The current meter data sets provided evidence of velocity flow reduction through the farm by examining the current meter statistics and tidal harmonic constituents. Tidal analysis also showed substantial tidal harmonics or shallow water tides. The load cells measured maximum loads of 104 kN for anchor leg and 11 kN for net pen lines. The results are significant because few extensive fish farm engineering daft sets exist, especially for different combinations of nets and levels of biological fouling. These results are being used in complementary studies to quantify flow reduction, to validate Morison equation type numerical models and as a baseline for specifying offshore fish farm gear. C1 USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Ocean Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Fredriksson, DW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 1563 EP 1571 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100286 ER PT S AU Crimmins, DA Patty, CT Beliard, MA Baker, J Jalbert, JC Komerska, RJ Chappell, SG Blidberg, DR AF Crimmins, Denise A. Patty, Christopher T. Beliard, Michael A. Baker, John Jalbert, James C. Komerska, Rick J. Chappell, Steven G. Blidberg, D. Richard GP IEEE TI Long-endurance test results of the solar-powered AUV system SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB The solar-powered autonomous underwater vehicle (SAUV) was designed for long-endurance missions, such as monitoring, surveillance, or station-keeping, where real-time bidirectional communications to shore are critical. In April 2006, the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) Division Newport, Falmouth Scientific Inc. (FSI), and Autonomous Undersea Systems Institute (AUSI) conducted a 30-day, long-endurance test using SAUV II primarily to demonstrate that the vehicle is capable of conducting long-term oceanographic data collection and to validate the vehicle's mechanical integrity. This test also served to evaluate possible anomalies and risk-reduction measures for future production-level vehicles. A key part of this long-endurance test was the logging of the SAUV II charge and discharge rates under different sky and weather conditions with the vehicle under varied energy load situations-data that can be used to assess vehicle endurance and help establish future mission capabilities of the SAUV II. This paper describes the SAUV II test vehicle, test methods, data collected, and the results of the long-endurance test. C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02842 USA. SAIC, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Falmouth Sci Inc, Cataumet, MA 02534 USA. Autonomous Undersea Syst Inst, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Crimmins, DA (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02842 USA. EM CrimminsDM@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; PattyCT@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; BeliardMA@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; Jbaker@fahnouth.com; Falmouth@bellsouth.net; Komerska@ausi.org; Chappell@ausi.org; Blidberg@ausi.org NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 1690 EP 1694 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100310 ER PT S AU Baggenstoss, PM AF Baggenstoss, Paul M. GP IEEE TI Narrowband tracking using a markov random field algorithm SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Baggenstoss, PM (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM p.m.baggenstoss@ieee.org NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 1775 EP 1780 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100325 ER PT S AU Mathews, S Johnson, MH Latourette, R Deeb, S Kocab, B AF Mathews, Sunil Johnson, Mary H. Latourette, Robert Deeb, Sami Kocab, Beth GP IEEE TI Tripwire system for fixed line array processing SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB We have devised a system to automatically detect, manage and track contacts with a stationary line array. The array has, a large number of elements, and the ability to process any subset of these elements (up to a fixed number) at any given time. Detection is accomplished by fixed detection apertures spaced along the array such that the apertures create a "tripwire" range parallel to the length of the array. Contacts crossing the tripwire range are handed off to an automated tracking aperture which adjusts its aperture size and aperture center along the array to track the contact using the best subset of elements. The adaptive detection scheme conserves limited tracker resources by limiting the trackers to those contacts which appear to be heading towards the tine array. This system has been0 implemented on a Mercury Adapdev system and has been tested using simulation of multiple approaching contacts with interfering distant contacts. C1 [Mathews, Sunil; Johnson, Mary H.; Latourette, Robert; Deeb, Sami; Kocab, Beth] US Naval, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 1522,1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Mathews, S (reprint author), US Naval, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 1522,1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. FU Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport FX This work was supported by strategic initiative funding at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 1793 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100328 ER PT S AU Hempel, CG AF Hempel, Christian G. GP IEEE TI Adaptive track detection for multi-static active sonar systems SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB Multi-static active sonar systems detect contacts of interest by transmitting coherent waveforms and detecting the echoes on one or more receiving sensors. When a target of interest is in a region where its echoes are detectable by moire than one receiver it can, in general, be declared sooner toy combining the measurements from all sensors. The track detection schemes used in active sonar systems are often based on the Wald Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) [1] and take as input the amplitudes of the target echoes associated to the track and where the statistical models for the amplitude of a target echo usually depend on a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) parameter. Two popular multi-static track detection schemes accumulate a separate SPRT for each target at each sensor. Tracks are declared using one of two rules: if any of the separate SPRTs for a target exceeds the declare threshold then the target is declared (i.e., the OR detector), if the sum of the separate SPRTs goes over the declare threshold then the target is declared (i.e., the SUM detector). The main problem with both methods is that the track detection problem is composite; the distribution for the target-present case depends on the SNR parameter, which is a priori unknown and different source/receiver combinations win typically observe different values of SNR on the same target. In practice, a fixed design value (e.g., 10 dB) is often chosen so that each sensor will separately achieve the desired probability of detection for SNR values greater than or equal to the design value. However, when combining measurements from two or more sensors, this approach can be suboptimal when only one sensor is observing a value of SNR at or above the design value and the SNR for the other sensors are lower than the design value. Under such conditions, the OR detector will not achieve any significant increase in the probability of target detection over the single high-SNR sensor and will have a higher probability of false alarm. In the same conditions, the SUM detector will have a lower probability of detection than the separate high-SMR sensor. In effect, the OR and SUM detection schemes will only increase overall system probability of detection when the SNR values for more than one sensor are at or above the design value. Thus, achieving a gain in overall probability of detection requires a scheme that can recognize the conditions under which a group of sensors will observe dissimilar target SNR values and adapt the relevant parameters in the distributions used to compute a single SPRT statistic. The Multi-Static Adaptive Track Detector (MSATD) is an SPRT based track detection scheme that uses estimates of target aspect derived from track state estimates and a model of bi-static target strength to adapt the parameters in the distribution for target echo amplitude. Essentially, the SUM detector is modified to use different values for SNR parameter at each sensor. The SNR parameters are determined using a model of bistatic target strength and estimates of the target aspect observed by each sensor computed from the current track state estimate. The theoretical improvement in system track detection performance (i.e., probability of detection and latency) afforded by the proposed method is also presented; theoretically exact expressions for probability of detection and latency are evaluated numerically for all three track detection schemes for a system of one source and two receivers. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Hempel, CG (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 1799 EP 1804 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100329 ER PT S AU Xie, G Gibson, J Diaz-Gonzalez, L AF Xie, Geoffrey Gibson, John Diaz-Gonzalez, Leopoldo GP IEEE TI Incorporating realistic acoustic propagation models in simulation of underwater acoustic networks: A statistical approach SO OCEANS 2006, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2006 Conference CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB The development of protocols to advance the state of the art in Underwater Acoustic Networks (UANs) relies on the use of computer simulations to analyze protocol performance. It is typical for designers to abstract away much of the detail of the physical environment in order to simplify the development of the simulation and ensure the simulation runtime performance is reasonable. The validity of the simulation results becomes questionable. There are, though, very high fidelity models developed by acoustic engineers and physicists for predicting acoustic propagation characteristics. In addition to these models, empirical data collections have been generated for many geographic regions of interest to UAN planners. However, incorporating these engineering and physics models or data collections into) a network simulation is problematic, as the models are computationally complex and the data sets are not directly usable for acoustic signal propagation characterization. This paper presents a statistical method for developing a computationally efficient and simulation friendly approximation of a physics model of path loss. This method may also be used to adapt empirical data sets for use in network simulation in the same manner. The method was applied to the output of the Monterey-Miami Parabolic Equation model to assess its impact on the runtime performance of an OPNET-based simulation. Results of that simulation are compared to results from a previous OPNET simulation that simply used distance to determine reception. The simulation results confirm the incorporation of the MMPE approximation does not noticeably impact the runtime performance of the simulation. Anecdotally, the simulation confirms earlier results that suggest contention-based access controls without collision avoidance techniques may outperform the typical access technique adapted from wireless radio networks that employs collision avoidance, contrary to conventional wisdom. C1 [Xie, Geoffrey; Gibson, John; Diaz-Gonzalez, Leopoldo] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Xie, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-0114-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2006 BP 1953 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BGC33 UT WOS:000246002100357 ER PT S AU Alevras, A AF Alevras, Alexis BE Han, D Jorgensen, PET Larson, DR TI The gauge group of an E-0-semigroup SO Operator Theory, Operator Algebras, and Applications SE CONTEMPORARY MATHEMATICS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Great Plains Operator Theory Symposium CY JUN 07-12, 2005 CL Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL HO Univ Cent Florida ID CONTINUOUS SPATIAL SEMIGROUPS; STAR-ENDOMORPHISMS; ASTERISK-ENDOMORPHISMS; B(H); INDEX AB We discuss the role of the group of unitary local cocycles in the study of E-0-semigroups of B(H) and describe the computation of that group for a class of E-0-semigroups of type II and index zero. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Alevras, A (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA P.O. BOX 6248, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940 USA SN 0271-4132 BN 0-8218-3923-3 J9 CONTEMP MATH PY 2006 VL 414 BP 359 EP 373 PG 15 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BFD75 UT WOS:000241224500022 ER PT B AU Ligler, FS AF Ligler, Frances S. BE Baldini, F Chester, AN Homola, J Martellucci, S TI Biosensors for detection of bioterrorist threats SO Optical Chemical Sensors SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced-Study-Institute on Optical Chemical Sensors CY JUL 29-AUG 10, 2004 CL Erice, ITALY SP NATO Adv Study Inst ID FIBER-OPTIC BIOSENSOR; IMMUNOMAGNETIC-ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENT DETECTION; BIOLOGICAL AGENT DETECTION; ADDRESSABLE POTENTIOMETRIC SENSOR; STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157; ARRAY BIOSENSOR; AIRBORNE BIOSENSOR; WARFARE AGENTS; WATER SAMPLES C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-4609-X J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2006 VL 224 BP 437 EP 455 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BEJ78 UT WOS:000237479000021 ER PT J AU Du, Q Kopriva, I Szu, H AF Du, Q Kopriva, I Szu, H TI Independent-component analysis for hyperspectral remote sensing imagery classification SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE independent-component analysis; principal-component analysis (PCA); noise-adjusted principal components (NAPC) transform; unsupervised classification; hyperspectral imagery; remote sensing ID BLIND SEPARATION; NOISE; ALGORITHM; TRANSFORM AB We investigate the application of independent-component analysis (ICA) to remotely sensed hyperspectral image classification. We focus on the performance of two well-known and frequently used ICA algorithms: joint approximate diagonalization of eigenmatrices (JADE) and FastICA; but the proposed method is applicable to other ICA algorithms. The major advantage of using ICA is its ability to classify objects with unknown spectral signatures in an unknown image scene, i.e., unsupervised classification. However, ICA suffers from computational expensiveness, which limits its application to high-dimensional data analysis. In order to make it applicable or reduce the computation time in hyperspectral image classification, a data-preprocessing procedure is employed to reduce the data dimensionality. Instead of using principal-component analysis (PCA), a noise-adjusted principal-components (NAPC) transform is employed for this purpose, which can reorganize the original data with respect to the signal-to-noise ratio, a more appropriate image-ranking criterion than variance in PCA. The experimental results demonstrate that the major principal components from the NAPC transform can better maintain the object information in the original data than those from PCA. As a result, an ICA algorithm can provide better object classification. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Du, Q (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 45 IS 1 AR 017008 DI 10.1117/1.2151172 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 014LJ UT WOS:000235481400041 ER PT J AU Namazi, N Burris, HR Conner, C Gilbreath, GC AF Namazi, N Burris, HR Conner, C Gilbreath, GC TI Synchronization and detection of binary data in free-space optical communication systems using Haar wavelet transformation SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology CY AUG 05-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO DE free-space optical communication; detection; wavelet transformation; Haar wavelet; adaptive Wiener filter; bit error; synchronization AB A new method is presented to perform bit synchronization and detection of binary nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) data from a free-space optical (FSO) communication link. Based on the wavelet transformation, a new bandpass filter is developed and implemented. It is shown that the Haar wavelet is an excellent choice for this purpose. The center frequency of this filter is a function of the scale and could be adjusted to adapt to the variation of the channel. The output of the filter is zero mean and is closely related to the derivative of the binary data. The filter has a linear phase; therefore, its output is used for synchronization and detection of the data. Analysis of the method is presented using Fourier transformation. In addition, adaptive Wiener filtering is utilized to reduce the effect of the additive white Gaussian noise in the data. Simulation experiments are performed and presented using real and synthetic data. The results of the experiments indicate that the Haar wavelet transform and adaptive Wiener filtering are robust and effective tools in dealing with FSO data. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Res Support Instruments Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Namazi, N (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM namazi@cua.edu NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 45 IS 1 AR 015001 DI 10.1117/1.2162029 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 014LJ UT WOS:000235481400017 ER PT J AU Pereira, DC Fargues, MP Karunasiri, G AF Pereira, DC Fargues, MP Karunasiri, G TI Investigation of uncooled infrared imagery for face recognition SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE infrared imaging; uncooled; image processing; pattern recognition ID EIGENFACES AB Recent advances in uncooled infrared technology have resulted in thermal imagers with resolution approaching that of cooled counterparts at a significantly lower cost. We investigate the application of linear classification schemes to a database consisting of 420 images collected from 14 adult subjects using an uncooled infrared camera under indoor controlled conditions. Results show that the linear discriminant approach (LDA) leads to the best classification performances (99.3%), while the best principal component analysis (PCA)- based scheme leads to an accuracy of 91.33%. Results also show that PCA-based classification scheme performance improves by removing the top three eigenvectors, associated with the three largest eigenvalues, from consideration in the generation of the PCA projection matrix for the small database considered in this study, as was noted in visible imaging face recognition studies. c 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Ctr Tecn Aeroesp, Praca Marechal Eduardo Gomes, BR-12228901 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pereira, DC (reprint author), Ctr Tecn Aeroesp, Praca Marechal Eduardo Gomes, 50 Campus CTA Vila Acacias, BR-12228901 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. EM diogo@vdr.cta.br NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 45 IS 1 AR 016401 DI 10.1117/1.2151787 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 014LJ UT WOS:000235481400032 ER PT S AU Canedy, CL Vurgaftman, I Bewley, WW Kim, CS Kim, M Lindle, JR Meyer, JR Aifer, EH Tischler, JG Warner, JH Jackson, EM AF Canedy, C. L. Vurgaftman, I. Bewley, W. W. Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Lindle, J. R. Meyer, J. R. Aifer, E. H. Tischler, J. G. Warner, J. H. Jackson, E. M. BE Aaloui, M Belyanin, AA Drezek, RA Gmachl, CF Robinson, JP TI Recent progress by mid-IR antimonide type-II "W" interband cascade lasers and LWIR detectors SO Optical Methods in the Life Sciences SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Methods in the Life Sciences CY OCT 01-03, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE diode laser; interband cascade laser; quantum well; mid-infrared; photodiode; long-wavelength infrared ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MU-M; DIODE-LASERS; PHOTODIODES; PASSIVATION; WAVELENGTH AB Significant recent advances in the high-temperature, high-power performance of type-II antimonide interband cascade lasers (ICLs) operating in the mid-infrared are reported. A 5-stage ICL with a 12-mu m ridge width and Au electroplating for improved epitaxial-side-up heat sinking operates cw to a maximum temperature of 257 K, where the emission wavelength is 3.7 mu m. A similar device with a ridge width of 22 mu m emits > 260 mW per facet for cw operation at 80 K (lambda=3.4 mu m) and 100 mW at 200 K (lambda=3.6 pm). Beam qualities for the narrowest ridges approach the diffraction limit. The recent development of type-II "W" photodiodes for the long-wave infrared is also reviewed. A "W" photodiode with an 11.3 mu m cutoff displayed a 34% external quantum efficiency (at 8.6 mu m) operating at 80 K. A graded-gap design of the depletion region is shown to strongly suppress dark currents due to tunneling and generation-recombination processes. The median dynamic impedance-area product of 216 Omega-cm(2) for 33 devices with 10.5 mu m cutoff at 78 K is comparable to that for state-of-the-art HgCdTe-based photodiodes. The sidewall resistivity of approximate to 70 k Omega-cm for untreated mesas is also considerably higher than previous reports for passivated or unpassivated type-II LWIR photodiodes, apparently indicating self-passivation by the graded bandgap. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Canedy, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6484-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6386 BP U77 EP U85 DI 10.1117/12.690903 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BFR07 UT WOS:000243909000008 ER PT S AU Hart, SJ Terraya, A Arnold, J Leski, TA AF Hart, Sean J. Terraya, Alex Arnold, Jonathan Leski, Tomasz A. BE Dholakia, K Spalding, GC TI Optical chromatography for concentration of biological samples SO Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation III CY AUG 13-17, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE optical chromatography; laser; pressure; bacteria; separation; concentration; filter; microfluidics; Bacilus anthracis ID MANIPULATION; PARTICLES; SEPARATION; LATTICE; ARRAYS; TRAP AB The application of laser radiation as a method for the manipulation of microscopic particle suspensions for biological, thermodynamic and microfluidic interests has brought about a revolution in micro-scale research across many different scientific disciplines. It has been shown that a diffraction limited focused laser can be used to trap microscopic particles whose refractive index is greater than their surrounding solvent. Termed Optical Trapping, work in this arena has yielded, new methods, techniques and applications that have flourished, and applications of this technology to areas of research involving microscopic systems for analysis, detection, separation and concentration have blossomed. A related technique, Optical Chromatography, used for particle separation involves loosely focusing a laser into a fluid flowing opposite to the direction of laser propagation. When microscopic particles in the flow path encounter this beam they are trapped axially along the beam and are pushed upstream from the laser focal point to rest at a point where the optical and fluid forces on the particle balance. Because optical and fluid forces are sensitive to differences in the physical and chemical properties of a particle, fine separations are possible. Recently, this method has been used to separate spores of different Bacillus species based on their optical and fluidic properties. We will describe how an optical chromatography beam directed into a tailored flow environment housed in a glass flowcell, has been adapted to operate as an optically tunable filter for the concentration or bioenrichment of colloidal and biological samples. Application of these methods and further design of fluidic and optical environments will allow for more specific identification, concentration and separation of many more microscopic particle and biological suspensions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hart, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6112,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Leski, Tomasz/K-6916-2013 OI Leski, Tomasz/0000-0001-7688-9887 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6405-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6326 BP U255 EP U262 DI 10.1117/12.683687 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BFM17 UT WOS:000243027100030 ER PT J AU Monzon, C Loschialpo, P Forester, DW AF Monzon, C Loschialpo, P Forester, DW TI Bandpass left-handed material optical filter with enhanced stop band rejection SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CIRCUIT; DESIGN AB It is shown that a layer of left-handed media can act as a bandpass filter with a roll factor that far exceeds those of state-of-the-art spectral filters. The conditions for enhanced stop band rejection are presented and are deemed feasible, as the models used correspond to physically realizable materials. Roll factors of the order of 10(4)-10(6) dB/GHz are found, together with acceptable insertion losses of the order of 10 dB. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 SFA Inc, Dept NRL, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Monzon, C (reprint author), SFA Inc, Dept NRL, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1 BP 95 EP 97 DI 10.1364/OL.31.000095 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 996NU UT WOS:000234181600031 PM 16419889 ER PT S AU DiVittorio, M AF DiVittorio, Michael BE AtadEttedgul, E Antebi, J Lemke, D TI Differentiating secondary mirror tilt and decenter through off-axis wavefront sensing and aberration measurement - art. no. 62733D SO Optomechanical Technologies for Astronomy, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optomechanical Technologies for Astronony CY MAY 24-31, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE alignment; collimation; decenter; tilt; aberrations; wavefront sensing AB The alignment of a telescope consisting of 2 or more mirrors with powered surfaces is critical to system performance. For on axis images, secondary mirror tilt and decenter both predominately produce coma, and therefore, either can be used to correct coma. Consequently, for systems that operate over relatively narrow fields of view, it is not necessary to differentiate between secondary tilt and decenter. However, for systems utilizing wider fields of view, correcting tilt with decenter (or decenter with tilt) can result in large aberration variation off-axis. Details of a technique for differentiating between secondary mirror decenter and tilt through the use of off-axis wavefront sensing, aberration calculation, and alignment sensitivity modeling are presented. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP DiVittorio, M (reprint author), USN Observ, 10391 Naval Observ Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6338-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6273 BP D2733 EP D2733 AR 62733D DI 10.1117/12.672856 PN 1&2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BEX62 UT WOS:000240017700105 ER PT S AU Wiegand, RP Potter, MA Sofge, DA Spears, WM AF Wiegand, R. Paul Potter, Mitchell A. Sofge, Donald A. Spears, William M. BE Runarsson, TP Beyer, HG Burke, E MereloGuervos, JJ Whitley, LD Yao, X TI A generalized graph-based method for engineering swarm solutions to multiagent problems SO PARALLEL PROBLEM SOLVING FROM NATURE - PPSN IX, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature (PPSN IX) CY SEP 09-13, 2006 CL Univ Iceland, Reykjavik, ICELAND SP Univ Iceland, Fac Engn, Univ Iceland, Sci Inst HO Univ Iceland AB We present two key components of a principled method for constructing modular, heterogeneous swarms. First, we generalize a well-known technique for representing swarm behaviors to extend the power of multiagent systems by specializing agents and their interactions. Second, a novel graph-based method is introduced for designing swarm-based behaviors for multiagent teams. This method includes engineer-provided knowledge through explicit design decisions pertaining to specialization, heterogeneity, and modularity. We show the representational power of our generalized representation can be used to evolve a solution to a challenging multiagent resource protection problem. We also construct a modular design by hand, resulting in a scalable and intuitive heterogeneous solution for the resource protection problem. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Wiegand, RP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM wiegand@aic.nrl.navy.mil; rapotter@aic.nrl.navy.mil; sofge@aic.nrl.navy.mil; wspears@cs.uwyo.edu NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-38990-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 4193 BP 741 EP 750 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFE29 UT WOS:000241446400075 ER PT J AU Richie, T AF Richie, T. TI High road, low road? Choices and challenges on the pathway to a malaria vaccine SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE malaria; Plasmodium; vaccine; challenges; attenuated; sporozoite; subunit ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; PRIME-BOOST IMMUNIZATION; TRANSMISSION-BLOCKING VACCINE; T-CELL RESPONSES; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN VACCINE; SPOROZOITES TRANSMITTED INVITRO; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; X-IRRADIATED SPOROZOITES AB Malaria causes much physical and economic hardship in endemic countries with billions of people at risk. A vaccine would clearly benefit these countries, reducing the requirement for hospital care and the economic impact of infection. Successful immunization with irradiated sporozoites and the fact that repeated exposure to malaria induces partial immunity to infection and high levels of protection against the clinical manifestations, suggest that a vaccine is feasible. Numerous candidate antigens have been identified but the vaccine, which has been promised to be 'just round the corner' for many years, remains elusive. The factors contributing to this frustratingly slow progress are discussed including gaps in the knowledge of host/parasite biology, methods to induce potent cell-mediated immune responses, the difficulties associated with defining immune correlates of protection and antigen production and delivery. Finally, the use of attenuated organism vaccines is discussed. C1 USN, Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Richie, T (reprint author), USN, Res Ctr, Malaria Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM richiet@nmrc.navy.mil OI Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 NR 213 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PY 2006 VL 133 SU S BP S113 EP S144 DI 10.1017/S0031182006001843 PG 32 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 143GC UT WOS:000244707100008 PM 17274843 ER PT J AU Valeri, CR MacGregor, H Ragno, G Healey, N Fonger, J Khuri, SF AF Valeri, C. R. MacGregor, H. Ragno, G. Healey, N. Fonger, J. Khuri, S. F. TI Effects of centrifugal and roller pumps on survival of autologous red cells in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery SO PERFUSION-UK LA English DT Article ID LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE; MEGALOBLASTIC ANAEMIA; BLOOD-CELLS; VOLUME; VIVO AB Background: Either a roller pump or a centrifugal pump can be used in the extracorporeal circuit during surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. In this study, we assessed the effect of these two pumps on the 24-h post-transfusion survival values of autologous red blood cells (RBC). Study design and methods: Fourteen male patients subjected to extracorporeal bypass procedures were studied. In seven patients, the autologous red cells were collected following the cardiopulmonary bypass procedure using the roller pump, and in seven patients, autologous red cells were collected following the cardiopulmonary procedure using the centrifugal pump. The 24-h post-transfusion survival values of the autologous RBC were measured using the 51 disodium chromate/99m technetium double isotope procedure. The effects of the extracorporeal bypass procedures using the roller pump and the centrifugal pump were also assessed by the measurements of hematocrit, platelet count, plasma hemoglobin, and serum lactate dehydrogenase levels. Results: The 51 disodium chromate 24-h post-transfusion survival values of the autologous RBC were similar whether the roller pump or the centrifugal pump was used in the extracorporeal. circulation, as were the hematocrit, platelet count, plasma hemoglobin and serum lactate dehydrogenase levels. Conclusion: The 24-h post-transfusion survival values of autologous RBC, measured by the 51 disodium chromate/99m technetium double isotope procedure, were not significantly different, whether the roller pump or the centrifugal pump was used in the extracorporeal circuit using membrane oxygenators during cardiopulmonary surgical procedures. C1 USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA USA. Boston VA Healthcare Syst, W Roxbury Div, Boston, MA USA. RP Valeri, CR (reprint author), NBRL Inc, 195 Bournehurst Dr, Plymouth, MA 02360 USA. EM navblood@nbrl.org NR 16 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0267-6591 J9 PERFUSION-UK JI Perfusion-UK PY 2006 VL 21 IS 5 BP 291 EP 296 DI 10.1177/0267659106073976 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 118KD UT WOS:000242940300008 PM 17201084 ER PT S AU Carpenter, RN Cray, BA Levine, ER AF Carpenter, Robert N. Cray, Benjamin A. Levine, Edward R. BE Deweert, MJ Saito, TT Guthmuller, HL TI Broadband Ocean Acoustic (BOA) Laboratory in Narragansett Bay: Preliminary in-situ harbor security measurements - art. no. 620409 SO Photonics for Port and Harbor Security II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonics for Port and Harbor Security II CY APR 18-19, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE harbor security; diver detection; acoustic observatory; vector sensors AB In August 2005, numerous test events were conducted in Narragansett Bay (under adverse, moderate, and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions) to validate shallow-water acoustic-based detection, localization, and ranging algorithms against surface craft and divers. These measurements were completed at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport's Broadband Ocean Acoustic Laboratory, which is a shallow-water development facility for evolving acoustic and light-based technologies that are of interest to the U.S. Navy in areas such as Force Defense and Port and Harbor Security. It is shown that relatively common ambient environmental conditions in Narragansett Bay (such as wind speeds greater than 15 knots) create adverse acoustic conditions and generally poor target detection performance. As expected, the acoustic-based algorithms performed well at moderate to high values of SNR. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Adv Acoust Syst Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Carpenter, RN (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Adv Acoust Syst Div, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6260-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6204 BP 20409 EP 20409 AR 620409 DI 10.1117/12.667302 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BER29 UT WOS:000239025300006 ER PT S AU Mullen, LJ Laux, AE Cochenour, B Zege, EP AF Mullen, Linda J. Laux, Alan E. Cochenour, Brandon Zege, Eleonora P. BE Deweert, MJ Saito, TT Guthmuller, HL TI FAMIS (Frequency Agile Modulated Imaging System) sensor for imaging in turbid water - art. no. 62040E SO Photonics for Port and Harbor Security II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonics for Port and Harbor Security II CY APR 18-19, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL ID LIDAR AB Optical imaging in turbid ocean water is a challenge due to the high probability that light will scatter multiple times as it propagates to and from the object of interest. Techniques have been developed to suppress the contribution from scattered light and increase the image contrast, such as those using a pulsed source with a gated receiver or a modulated source with a coherent RF receiver. While improving the amplitude contrast of underwater images, these two approaches also have the capability of providing target range information. The effectiveness of each approach for both 2D and 3D imagery depends highly on the turbidity of the intervening water medium. This paper describes a system based on the optical modulation approach, the Frequency Agile Modulated Imaging System (FAMIS), and the techniques that have been developed to improve both amplitude and range imaging in turbid water. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, NAVAIR, Electroopt & Special Mission Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Mullen, LJ (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, NAVAIR, Electroopt & Special Mission Sensors Div, 22347 Cedar Point Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6260-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6204 BP E2040 EP E2040 AR 62040E DI 10.1117/12.663779 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BER29 UT WOS:000239025300010 ER PT S AU Goetz, PG Rabinovich, WS Gilbreath, GC Mahon, R Ferraro, MS Swingen, L Walters, RJ Messenger, SR Wasiczko, LM Murphy, J Creamer, NG Burris, HR Stell, MF Moore, CI Binari, SC Katzer, DS AF Goetz, Peter G. Rabinovich, William S. Gilbreath, G. Charmaine Mahon, Rita Ferraro, Mike S. Swingen, Lee Walters, Robert J. Messenger, Scott R. Wasiczko, Linda M. Murphy, James Creamer, N. Glenn Burris, Harris R. Stell, Mena F. Moore, Christopher I. Binari, Steven C. Katzer, D. S. BE Taylor, EW TI Multiple quantum well-based modulating retroreflectors for inter- and intra-spacecraft communication SO Photonics for Space Environments XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonics for Space Environments XI CY AUG 14-15, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE free-space optics; modulating retroreflector; multiple quantum well; radiation tolerance; FSO; MQW; NMR ID OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS; RETRO-REFLECTORS AB Free space optics (FSO) can provide high data rates with efficient use of power. However, small platforms may not be able to support the payload requirements of a conventional FSO terminal. An alternative FSO terminal uses a modulating retro-reflector (NMR). MRRs shift most of the power, weight, and pointing requirements to one end of the link. With a MRR configuration, it is possible to establish a two-way FSO link using a single laser transmitter. The MRR terminal of these systems can be small, lightweight, and low power. The MRR maintains the small beam divergence of a conventional optical communications link, but gains the loose pointing advantage of an RF link, reducing the pointing requirements. Communication needs in space present many asymmetric scenarios in which a MRR architecture could be beneficial. This paper describes some of the current capabilities and limitations of MMR systems, as well as applications to space links. An evaluation of the radiation tolerance of modulators is presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goetz, PG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6387-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6308 BP U100 EP U110 DI 10.1117/12.694907 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BFM15 UT WOS:000243026500009 ER PT J AU Peng, ZH Melinger, JS Kleiman, V AF Peng, Zhonghua Melinger, Joseph S. Kleiman, Valeria TI Light harvesting unsymmetrical conjugated dendrimders as photosynthetic mimics SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE dendrimers; energy transfer; fluorescence; light harvesting; non-linear optics; two-photon absorption ID PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; NONLINEAR-OPTICAL MATERIALS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; PHENYLACETYLENE MONODENDRONS; COOPERATIVE ENHANCEMENT; ANTENNA SUPERMOLECULES; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; REACTION CENTERS; METAL-COMPLEXES; CHARGE-TRANSFER AB We review the synthesis and photophysical properties of light harvesting phenylacetylene dendrimers with unsymmetrical branching. We describe the steady state and time dependent experiments that are used to characterize energy transfer properties in the conjugated dendrimers. Finally, we describe investigations of the unsymmetrical phenylacetylene dendrimers as potential materials for applications in fluorescence-based sensors, and for non-linear optics. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Melinger, JS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM melinger@ccf.nrl.navy.mil RI Kleiman, Valeria/H-7818-2013 OI Kleiman, Valeria/0000-0002-9975-6558 NR 74 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 EI 1573-5079 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 87 IS 1 BP 115 EP 131 DI 10.1007/s11120-005-8534-x PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 042CO UT WOS:000237505100011 PM 16408143 ER PT S AU Greilich, A Oulton, R Zhukov, EA Yugova, IA Yakovlev, DR Bayer, M Shabaev, A Efros, AL Merkulov, IA Stavarache, V Reuter, D Wieck, A AF Greilich, A. Oulton, R. Zhukov, E. A. Yugova, I. A. Yakovlev, D. R. Bayer, M. Shabaev, A. Efros, Al. L. Merkulov, I. A. Stavarache, V. Reuter, D. Wieck, A. BE Stutzmann, M TI Electron spin coherence in singly charged (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 3, NO 11 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Semiconductor Quantum Dots (QD 2006) CY MAY 01-05, 2006 CL Chamonix Mont Blanc, FRANCE AB Optical generation of electron spin coherence has been studied in n-modulation doped (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots which contain on average a single electron per dot. For studying the spin coherence, the magnetic field was applied in the Voigt-geometry, and the precession of the electron spin about the field was monitored. The coherence is generated by resonant excitation of the quantum dots by circularly-polarized laser pulses, creating a coherent superposition of an electron and a trion state. The efficiency of the generation can be controlled by the pulse intensity, showing the pronounced Rabi oscillations. (c) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 [Greilich, A.; Oulton, R.; Zhukov, E. A.; Yugova, I. A.; Yakovlev, D. R.; Bayer, M.] Univ Dortmund, Expt Phys 2, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Yakovlev, D. R.; Merkulov, I. A.] Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Shabaev, A.; Efros, Al. L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stavarache, V.; Reuter, D.; Wieck, A.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Angewandte Festkorperphys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Yugova, I. A.] St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. [Merkulov, I. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Greilich, A (reprint author), Univ Dortmund, Expt Phys 2, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. EM alex.grellich@udo.edu RI Greilich, Alex/A-8927-2009; Yugova, Irina/F-6823-2011; OI Yugova, Irina/0000-0003-0020-3679; Wieck, Andreas Dirk/0000-0001-9776-2922 FU DARPA program QuIST; ONR; DFG; BMBF FX This work was supported by the DARPA program QuIST, the ONR, the DFG, and the BMBF program nanoquit. R. O. thanks the Alexander von Humboldt foundation. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2006 VL 3 IS 11 BP 3740 EP + DI 10.1002/pssc.200671524 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BFW11 UT WOS:000245037200023 ER PT J AU Rendell, RW Rajagopal, AK AF Rendell, RW Rajagopal, AK TI Structure of the phase in pure two-mode Gaussian states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-NONDEMOLITION MEASUREMENTS; CONTINUOUS VARIABLE SYSTEMS; ENTANGLEMENT; COMPUTATION; CRITERION; OPERATOR AB The two-mode relative phase associated with Gaussian states plays an important role in quantum information processes in optical, atomic, and electronic systems. In this work, the origin and structure of the two-mode relative phase in pure Gaussian states is studied in terms of its dependences on the quadratures of the modes. This is done by constructing local canonical transformations to an associated two-mode squeezed state. The results are illustrated by studying the time dependence of the phase under a nonlocal unitary model evolution containing correlations between the modes. In a more general context, this approach may allow the two-mode phase to be studied in situations sensitive to different physical parameters within experimental configurations relevant to quantum information processing tasks. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rendell, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 1 AR 013806 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.013806 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 007ZB UT WOS:000235008900161 ER PT J AU Feldman, JL Dai, PC Enck, T Sales, BC Mandrus, D Singh, DJ AF Feldman, JL Dai, PC Enck, T Sales, BC Mandrus, D Singh, DJ TI Lattice vibrations in La(Ce)Fe4Sb12 and CoSb3: Inelastic neutron scattering and theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; FILLED SKUTTERUDITES; PHONON DENSITY; DYNAMICS; STATES AB We present results of time-of-flight inelastic neutron scattering phonon density of states measurements on (La,Ce)(0.9)Fe4Sb12 and CoSb3 as well as of a detailed comparison with lattice dynamical models in the literature. The MARI experimental setup is replicated by a theory for scattering from a polycrystalline material. The model considered for the filled materials is a local density approximation (LDA) based short-range force constant model and those considered for CoSb3 are the LDA-based model with the La-related parameters removed and a semiempirical model. We show that the presence of La significantly affects the shape of the spectrum. We also conclude that upon filling the Sb intrasquare force constants are weakened and that the transition-metal Sb bonds are almost unchanged. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; NR 23 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 1 AR 014306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.014306 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 007ZC UT WOS:000235009000064 ER PT J AU Gotsis, HJ Kioussis, N Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Gotsis, HJ Kioussis, N Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Evolution of magnetism of Cr nanoclusters on Au(111): First-principles electronic structure calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; SMALL CHROMIUM CLUSTERS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; NONCOLLINEAR MAGNETISM; KONDO RESONANCE; BASIS-SET; SURFACE; METALS; TRANSITION AB We have carried out collinear and noncollinear electronic structure calculations to investigate the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of isolated Cr atoms, dimers, and compact trimers. We find that the Cr monomer prefers to adsorb on the fcc hollow site with a binding energy of 3.13 eV and a magnetic moment of 3.93 mu(B). The calculated Kondo temperature of 0.7 K for the monomer is consistent with the lack of a Kondo peak in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments at 7 K. The compact Cr dimer orders antiferromagnetically and its bond length contracts to 1.72 A close to the value for the free-standing Cr dimer. The very low magnetic moment of 0.005 mu(B) for the Cr atoms in the dimer is due to the strong d-d hybridization between the Cr adatoms. Thus, these calculations reveal that the absence of the Kondo effect observed in STM experiments is due to the small local moments rather than the Kondo quenching of the local moments suggested experimentally. The Cr compact trimer exhibits noncollinear coplanar magnetism with vanishing net magnetic moment in agreement with experiment. C1 Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 1 AR 014436 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.014436 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 007ZC UT WOS:000235009000100 ER PT J AU Kennedy, TA Shabaev, A Scheibner, M Efros, AL Bracker, AS Gammon, D AF Kennedy, TA Shabaev, A Scheibner, M Efros, AL Bracker, AS Gammon, D TI Optical initialization and dynamics of spin in a remotely doped quantum well SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FARADAY-ROTATION; EXCITON DYNAMICS; RELAXATION AB The excitation of electron spin polarization and coherence by picosecond light pulses and their dynamics in a wide remotely doped quantum well are studied theoretically and experimentally. Assuming that all electrons in the quantum well are localized, the theory considers the resonant interaction of light pulses with the four-level system formed by the electron spins of the ground state and the hole spins of the trion excited state. The theory describes the effects of spontaneous emission, a transverse magnetic field and hole spin relaxation on the dynamics detected by the Kerr rotation of a probe pulse. Time resolved Kerr rotation experiments were carried out on a remotely doped 14 nm GaAs quantum well in the frequency range of optical transitions to the heavy hole (HH) trion and to the light-hole (LH) trion degenerate with the HH exciton. The experiments on the resonant excitation of the HH trion show a very slow heavy hole spin relaxation and, consequently, a weak electron spin polarization after the trion relaxation. In contrast, the resonant excitation of the LH trion/HH exciton results in a fast hole spin relaxation that increases electron spin polarization. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Kennedy, TA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 4 AR 045307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.045307 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 007ZJ UT WOS:000235009700068 ER PT J AU Mazin, II AF Mazin, II TI CeMnNi4: Impostor half metal SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB Recent experiments show CeMnNi4 to have a nearly integer magnetic moment and a relatively large transport spin polarization, as probed by Andreev reflection, suggesting that the material is a half metal or close to it. However, the calculations reported here show that it is not a half metal at all, but rather a semimetal of an unusual nature. Phonon properties should also be quite unusual, with rattling low-frequency Mn modes. Nontrivial transport properties, including a large thermoelectric figure of merit ZT, are predicted in the ferromagnetic state of the well-ordered stoichiometric CeMnNi4. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 1 AR 012415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.012415 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 007ZC UT WOS:000235009000023 ER PT J AU Park, K Pederson, MR Boyer, LL Mei, WN Sabirianov, RF Zeng, XC Bulusu, S Curran, S Dewald, J Day, E Adenwalla, S Diaz, M Rosa, LG Balaz, S Dowben, PA AF Park, K Pederson, MR Boyer, LL Mei, WN Sabirianov, RF Zeng, XC Bulusu, S Curran, S Dewald, J Day, E Adenwalla, S Diaz, M Rosa, LG Balaz, S Dowben, PA TI Electronic structure and vibrational spectra of C2B10-based clusters and films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SEMIEMPIRICAL METHODS; OPTIMIZATION; APPROXIMATION; METHODOLOGIES; SIMULATIONS; INTENSITIES; FABRICATION; PARAMETERS; CHEMISTRY AB The electronic structure, total energy, and vibrational properties of C2B10H12 (carborane) molecules and C2B10 clusters formed when the hydrogen atoms are removed from carborane molecules are studied using density functional methods and a semiempirical model. Computed vibrational spectra for carborane molecules are shown to be in close agreement with previously published measured spectra taken on carborane solids. Semiconducting boron carbide films are prepared by removing hydrogen from the three polytypes of C2B10H12 deposited on various surfaces. Results from x-ray and Raman scattering measurements on these films are reported. Eleven vibrationally stable structures for C2B10 clusters are described and their energies and highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gaps tabulated. Calculated Raman and infrared spectra are reported for the six lowest-energy clusters. Good agreement with the experimental Raman spectra is achieved from theoretical spectra computed using a Boltzmann distribution of the six lowest-energy free clusters. The agreement is further improved if the computed frequencies are scaled by a factor of 0.94, a descrepancy which could easily arise from comparing results of two different systems: zero-temperature free clusters and room-temperature films. Calculated energies for removal of hydrogen pairs from carborane molecules are reported. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Lab, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Mech Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM boyer@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Balaz, Snjezana/B-7668-2013 OI Balaz, Snjezana/0000-0002-0439-9472 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 3 AR 035109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.035109 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 007ZH UT WOS:000235009500050 ER PT J AU Woicik, JC Li, H Zschack, P Karapetrova, E Ryan, P Ashman, CR Hellberg, CS AF Woicik, JC Li, H Zschack, P Karapetrova, E Ryan, P Ashman, CR Hellberg, CS TI Anomalous lattice expansion of coherently strained SrTiO3 thin films grown on Si(001) by kinetically controlled sequential deposition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; ULTRATHIN FILMS; FERROELECTRICITY; SILICON; INTERFACE; OXIDES AB X-ray diffraction has been used to study the epitaxy and lattice expansion of SrTiO3 thin films grown coherently on Si(001) by kinetically controlled sequential deposition. The coherent growth of SrTiO3 on Si produces films with greater in-plane compressive strain than previously attained, -1.66%. The measured expansion of the out-of-plane lattice constant exceeds the prediction of the bulk elastic constants of SrTiO3 by nearly 100%. This expansion agrees with recent theoretical predictions and experimental findings of room-temperature ferroelectricity in SrTiO3 films under epitaxial mismatch strain. Our first principles density functional calculations determine an energetically favorable interfacial-defect and surface-charge structure that allows the ferroelectric polarization in these ultrathin films. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Motorola Labs, Embedded Syst & Phys Sci Lab, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. Univ Illinois, Argonne Natl Lab, APS UNICAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Woicik, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010 NR 31 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 024112 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.024112 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 007ZF UT WOS:000235009300029 ER PT J AU Wu, F Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C Li, Q AF Wu, F Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C Li, Q TI Generalized model and optimum performance of an irreversible quantum Brayton engine with spin systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID POWER-DENSITY OPTIMIZATION; HEAT ENGINE; FINITE-TIME; CYCLE; WORKING AB The purpose of this paper is to establish a model of an irreversible quantum Brayton engine using many noninteracting spin systems as the working substance and consisting of two irreversible adiabatic and two isomagnetic field processes. The time evolution of the total magnetic moment M is determined by solving the generalized quantum master equation of an open system in the Heisenberg picture. The time of two irreversible adiabatic processes is considered based on finite-rate evolution. The relationship between the power output P and the efficiency eta for the irreversible quantum Brayton engine with spin systems is derived. The optimally operating region (or criteria) for the engine is determined. The influences of these important parameters on the performances (P and eta) of the engine are discussed. The results obtained herein will be useful for the further understanding and the selection of the optimal operating conditions for an irreversible quantum Brayton engine with spin systems. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. Wuhan Inst Technol, Sch Sci, Wuhan 430073, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Tech Inst Phys & Chem, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 30 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 1 AR 016103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.73.016103 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 007ZA UT WOS:000235008800012 PM 16486212 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Merlino, RL Ganguli, GI AF Kim, SH Merlino, RL Ganguli, GI TI Generation of "spiky" potential structures associated with multiharmonic electrostatic ion-cyclotron waves SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELD STRUCTURES; PARALLEL VELOCITY SHEAR; KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY; AURORAL ACCELERATION REGION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLITARY WAVES; PLASMA; FREQUENCY; FLOW; OSCILLATIONS AB The production of coherent, "spiky" electrostatic potential structures, similar to the spiky electric-field structures that have been observed in the Earth's auroral region, is investigated in a magnetized Q machine plasma. These structures are associated with coherent multiharmonic electrostatic ion-cyclotron (EIC) waves in a current-free plasma having a localized region of ion flow shear (ion flow parallel to B with a gradient in the direction transverse to B). A multiharmonic EIC spectrum is detected in the region of ion flow shear when broadband electrostatic white noise is applied to the plasma column from an antenna. The time series of the potential fluctuations exhibit spiky structures with repetition rates near the ion-cyclotron frequency. Spiky structures can arise from linear combinations of phase-locked multiharmonic EIC waves when the amplitudes of the harmonic components are comparable to that of the fundamental EIC mode. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1 AR 012901 DI 10.1063/1.2148919 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 008BP UT WOS:000235015500043 ER PT J AU Sanford, TWL Nash, TJ Mock, RC Apruzese, JP Peterson, DL AF Sanford, TWL Nash, TJ Mock, RC Apruzese, JP Peterson, DL TI Diagnosed internal temperatures and shock evolution provide insight on dynamic-Hohlraum's axial radiation production and asymmetry SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY POWER; Z-PINCH EXPERIMENTS; ARRAY Z-PINCHES; 2-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; ICF EXPERIMENTS; WIRE-NUMBER; ENHANCEMENT; FUSION; FLOW AB Measurements and analyses [J. P. Apruzese , Phys. Plasmas 12, 012705 (2005)] of Al and Mg K-shell lines from tracer layers symmetrically embedded in cylindrical dynamic-Hohlraum (DH) targets, driven by two nested tungsten-wire arrays in a z pinch, suggest that the radiation temperatures near either end of top or bottom radiation exit holes (REHs) of the DHs are similar. Moreover, the measured radii inferred for the shock developed within the targets converge towards the z axis symmetrically when viewed simultaneously through either end of the Hohlraums. These two results support the earlier observation [T. W. L. Sanford , Phys. Plasmas 12, 022701 (2005)] that the anticorrelation of the axial power with the magnitude of tungsten-wire material flowing near (or across) the given REH is due to increased tungsten opacity at the REH. This mechanism appears to be dominant in affecting the top-bottom (anode-cathode) symmetry in axial power, rather than there being any significant up-down difference in Hohlraum temperature or shock development. Additionally, we show that the insertion of two thin annular pedestals extending into the anode-cathode gap from either electrode, just radially outside of the REHs, improves the up-down power symmetry, decreases the rise time of the axial radiation, and decreases the shot-to-shot variation in the radiation pulse shape, and shock velocity. These improvements suggest that the quality of the plasma shell, which forms within the central region of the implosion, is superior to that adjacent to either electrode. Finally, enhanced emission on axis is observed, prior to the arrival of the main mass-driven shock from the impact of the wire arrays on the target. This phenomenon is consistent with the existence of a radiation-driven shock in the foam target which calculations indicate forms from radiation generated when the outer wire-array plasma impacts the inner array of the nest. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1 AR 012701 DI 10.1063/1.2148911 PG 21 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 008BP UT WOS:000235015500039 ER PT J AU Godkar, PB Gordon, RK Ravindran, A Doctor, BP AF Godkar, PB Gordon, RK Ravindran, A Doctor, BP TI Celastrus paniculatus seed oil and organic extracts attenuate hydrogen peroxide- and glutamate-induced injury in embryonic rat forebrain neuronal cells SO PHYTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Celastrus paniculatus; Celastraceae; antioxidants; neuroprotection; neuronal cells; free radicals; glutamate; hydrogen peroxide; neurodegenerative diseases; neurotoxicity ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; DODECYLGLYCEROL; PERFORMANCE; HUPERZINE; TOXICITY; CULTURES; BINDING; SYSTEM; PLANTS AB Seed oil of Celastrus paniculatus Willd. (CP) has been reported to improve memory and the methanolic extract (ME) of CP was shown to exhibit free-radical-scavenging properties and anti-oxidant effects in human non-immortalized fibroblasts. In the present study, we have investigated the free-radical-scavenging capacity of CP seed oil (CPO) and two extracts, an ethanolic extract (EE) and a ME. CPO and EE showed dose-dependent, free-radical-scavenging capacity, but to a lesser degree than observed for ME. Oxidative stress involves the generation of free radicals and free radical scavenging is one of the mechanisms of neuroprotection. We therefore investigated the effects of CPO, ME, and EE for protection against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))- and glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in embryonic rat forebrain neuronal cells (FBNC). Pretreatment of neuronal cells with CPO dose-dependently attenuated H(2)O(2)-induced neuronal death. Pre-treatment with ME and EE partially attenuated H(2)O(2)-induced toxicity, but these extracts were less effective than CPO for neuronal survival. In H(2)O(2)-treated cells, cellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was unaffected, but catalase activity was decreased and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased. Pre-treatment with CPO, ME, or EE increased catalase activity and decreased MDA levels significantly. Also, CPO pre-treatment attenuated glutamate-induced neuronal death dose-dependently. The activity of cellular acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was not affected by CPO, ME, or EE, suggesting that the neuroprotection offered by CPO was independent of changes in AChE activity. Taken together, the data suggest that CPO, ME, and EE protected neuronal cells against H(2)O(2)-induced toxicity in part by virtue of their antioxidant properties, and their ability to induce antioxidant enzymes. However, CPO, which exhibited the least antioxidant properties, was the most effective in preventing neuronal cells against H(2)O(2)- and glutamate-induced toxicities. Thus, in addition to free-radical scavenging attributes. the mechanism of CP seed component (CP-C) neuroprotection must be elucidated. (c) 2005 Elsevier GrnbH. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Dept Biochem Pharmacol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Environm Physiol Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Gordon, RK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Dept Biochem Pharmacol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM richard.gordon@na.amedd.army.mil NR 42 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-7113 J9 PHYTOMEDICINE JI Phytomedicine PD JAN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.phymed.2003.11.001 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 010NE UT WOS:000235200600005 PM 16360930 ER PT S AU Haftel, MI Schlockermann, C Blumberg, G AF Haftel, Michael I. Schlockermann, Carl Blumberg, Girsh BE Stockman, MI TI Role of cylindrical surface plasmons in enhanced transmission SO PLASMONICS: METALLIC NANOSTRUCTURES AND THEIR OPTICAL PROPERTIES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plasmonics - Metallic Nanostructures and their Optical Properties IV CY AUG 13-16, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE enhanced transmission; cylindrical surface plasmons; coaxial apertures ID SUBWAVELENGTH HOLE ARRAYS; EXTRAORDINARY OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; NONSTANDARD FINITE-DIFFERENCES; ANNULAR APERTURE ARRAYS; LIGHT TRANSMISSION; METALLIC-FILMS AB We simulate the optical fields and optical transmission through nanoarrays of silica rings embedded in thin gold films using the finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method. By examining the optical transmission spectra for varying ring geometries we uncover large enhancements in the transmission at wavelengths much longer than the usual cutoffs for cylindrical apertures or where surface plasmons or other periodic effects from the array could play a role. We attribute these enhancements to closely coupled cylindrical surface plasmons on the inner and outer surfaces of the rings, and this coupling is more efficient as the inner and outer ring radii approach each other. We confirm this hypothesis by comparing the transmission peaks of the simulation with those deduced from cylindrical surface plasmon (CSP) dispersion curves obtained from a normal mode analysis. These theoretical peak positions and their dependence on the ring geometry are in close agreement with the simulations. The behavior of the CSP dispersion is such that propagating modes can be sent through the rings for ever longer wavelengths as the ring radii approach, whereas the transmission decreases only in proportion to the ring area. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Haftel, MI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6402-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6323 AR 63230K DI 10.1117/12.678515 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BFI24 UT WOS:000241981600006 ER PT B AU Burfisher, ME Hanson, K Hopkins, J Somwaru, A AF Burfisher, Mary E. Hanson, Kenneth Hopkins, Jeffrey Somwaru, Agapi BE Blandford, D Hill, B TI Policy Reform and US Agricultural Adjustment Capacity SO POLICY REFORM AND ADJUSTMENT IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTORS OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Burfisher, Mary E.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Hanson, Kenneth; Somwaru, Agapi] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Hopkins, Jeffrey] US House Representatives, Budget Comm, US Congress, Washington, DC 20515 USA. RP Burfisher, ME (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-033-2 PY 2006 BP 69 EP 81 DI 10.1079/9781845930332.0069 PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BWG42 UT WOS:000293845900007 ER PT J AU Brannan, DW AF Brannan, David W. BE Tan, ATH TI Left- and Right-wing Political Terrorism SO POLITICS OF TERRORISM: A SURVEY, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Brannan, David W.] RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90406 USA. [Brannan, David W.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Brannan, DW (reprint author), RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90406 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-83201-1 PY 2006 BP 55 EP 72 PG 18 WC History; International Relations; Political Science SC History; International Relations; Government & Law GA BUT86 UT WOS:000290299200005 ER PT J AU Yi, J Boyce, MC Lee, GF Balizer, E AF Yi, J Boyce, MC Lee, GF Balizer, E TI Large deformation rate-dependent stress-strain behavior of polyurea and polyurethanes SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE rate-dependence; stress-strain behavior; polyurethane ID SEGMENTED POLYURETHANES; BAR TECHNIQUE; MICROSCOPY; MORPHOLOGY AB The thermoplastic elastomer polyurethane and the elastomeric thermoset polyurea are finding new applications in increasing the survivability of structures under impact loading, including those encountered in blast and ballistic events. However, the mechanical behavior of polyurea and polyurethane materials under these high rate conditions is relatively unknown. Here, the rate-dependent stress-strain behavior of one polyurea and three representative polyurethane materials is studied by dynamic mechanical analysis, quasi-static compression testing and split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) testing. The polyurethane chemistries were chosen to probe the influence of the hard segment content on the mechanical behavior, where the volume fraction and the amorphous vs. crystalline structure of the hard segment domains were varied. The large strain stress-strain behavior of polyurea and polyurethane shows strong hysteresis, cyclic softening, and strong rate-dependence. The polyurethane with a non-crystalline well-dispersed hard segment morphology did not exhibit cyclic softening. The materials are observed to transition from a rubbery-like behavior under low strain rate (similar to 10(-3) - 10(0) s(-1)) loading conditions to either a leathery or glassy-like behavior under high strain rate (-10(-3) s(-1)) loading conditions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. RP Boyce, MC (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM mcboyce@mit.edu RI He, Yong/F-8752-2012 NR 16 TC 159 Z9 165 U1 12 U2 140 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JAN PY 2006 VL 47 IS 1 BP 319 EP 329 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.10.107 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 002NG UT WOS:000234617600043 ER PT S AU Overlier, L Syverson, P AF Overlier, Lasse Syverson, Paul BE Danezis, G Golle, P TI Valet services: Improving hidden servers with a personal touch SO PRIVACY ENHANCING TECHNOLOGIES SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Technologies CY JUN 28-30, 2006 CL Robinson Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND HO Robinson Coll AB Location hidden services have received increasing attention as a means to resist censorship and protect the identity of service operators. Research and vulnerability analysis to date has mainly focused on how to locate the hidden service. But while the hiding techniques have improved, almost no progress has been made in increasing the resistance against DoS attacks directly or indirectly on hidden services. In this paper we suggest improvements that should be easy to adopt within the existing hidden service design, improvements that will both reduce vulnerability to DoS attacks and add QoS as a service option. In addition we show how to hide not just the location but the existence of the hidden service from everyone but the users knowing its service address. Not even the public directory servers will know how a private hidden service can be contacted, or know it exists. C1 [Overlier, Lasse] Norwegian Def Res Estab, PB 25, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Overlier, Lasse] Gjovik Univ Coll, N-2802 Gjovik, Norway. [Syverson, Paul] Naval Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Sys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Overlier, L (reprint author), Norwegian Def Res Estab, PB 25, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. EM lasse.overlier@ffi.no; lasse@hig.no NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-68790-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 4258 BP 223 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFU60 UT WOS:000244711400013 ER PT S AU Juels, A Syverson, P Bailey, D AF Juels, Ari Syverson, Paul Bailey, Dan BE Danezis, G Martin, D TI High-power proxies for enhancing RFID privacy and utility SO PRIVACY ENHANCING TECHNOLOGIES SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Technologies CY MAY 30-JUN 01, 2005 CL Cavtat, CROATIA SP Microsoft Corp, FINA ID SECURITY; SYSTEMS AB A basic radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag is a small and inexpensive microchip that emits a static identifier in response to a query from a nearby reader. Basic tags of the "smart-label" variety are likely to serve as a next-generation replacement for barcodes. This would introduce a strong potential for various forms of privacy infringement, such as invasive physical tracking and inventorying of individuals. Researchers have proposed several types of external devices of moderate-to-high computational ability that interact with RFID devices with the aim of protecting user privacy. In this paper, we propose a new design principle for a personal RFID-privacy device. We refer to such a device as a REP (RFID Enhancer Proxy). Briefly stated, a REP assumes the identities of tags and simulates them by proxy. By merit of its greater computing power, the REP can enforce more sophisticated privacy policies than those available in tags. (As a side benefit, it can also provide more flexible and reliable communications in RFID systems.) Previous, similar systems have been vulnerable to a serious attack, namely malicious exchange of data between RFID tags. An important contribution of our proposal is a technique that helps prevent this attack, even when tags do not have access-control features. C1 RSA Labs, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Juels, A (reprint author), RSA Labs, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. EM ajuels@rsasecurity.com; syverson@itd.nrl.navy.mil; dbailey@rsasecurity.com NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-34745-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3856 BP 210 EP 226 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BET24 UT WOS:000239416100014 ER PT S AU Pezeshkian, N Nguyen, HG Burmeister, A AF Pezeshkian, Narek Nguyen, Hoa G. Burmeister, Aaron BE Hamza, MH TI Unmanned ground vehicle non-line-of-sight operations using relaying radios SO Proceedings of the 12th IASTED International Conference on Robotics and Applications SE IASTED International Conference on Robotics and Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IASTED International Conference on Robotics and Applications (ICRA) CY AUG 14-16, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI DE telerobotics; communications; relays; ad hoc networking AB Tactical mobile robots used in military and law enforcement operations normally require a robust, long range, and non-line-of-sight communications link to the remote control station. High frequency digital communications, which overcome problems encountered by tethered links and analog radios, are subject to line-of-sight (LOS) limitations. This is often impossible to maintain in urban environments. The proposed solution is to develop a system that will allow the mobile robot to carry multiple relay radios that are automatically deployed when and where needed in order to maintain this communications link. This process is completely transparent to the operator and is entirely handled by the ad-hoc network formed by the relay radios. In this paper, we present a radio relay deployment system that is plug-and-playable, and can be attached to many unmanned vehicles requiring long-range and non-LOS operational capability. C1 USN, Unmanned Syst Branch, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Pezeshkian, N (reprint author), USN, Unmanned Syst Branch, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Code 2371,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PRESS ANAHEIM PI ANAHEIM PA PO BOX 5124, ANAHEIM, CA 92814-5124 USA SN 1027-264X BN 978-0-88986-595-2 J9 IASTED INT CONF ROBO PY 2006 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BFR61 UT WOS:000244035500001 ER PT B AU Metcalf, TH Houston, BH Butler, JE Feygelson, T AF Metcalf, Thomas H. Houston, Brian H. Butler, James E. Feygelson, Tatyana GP IEEE TI Low temperature mechanical properties of nanocrystalline diamond films SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY JUN 04-07, 2006 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE ID OSCILLATOR; MODES AB Measurements of the mechanical properties-internal friction and shear modulus-of several nanocrystalline diamond films grown on silicon resonator substrates is reported. The internal friction measurements of 0.5 mu m boron-doped and boron-free nanocrystalline diamond films show that the boron concentration does not appear to be correlated with the previously reported internal friction peak at 1-2K. Rather, a heavily boron-doped film appears to have an internal friction peak at 10K. The low-temperature internal friction of these Mms is consistent with that of films reported upon earlier, and is in the range 2 x 10(-6) <= Q(-1) <= 6 x 10(-6). C1 [Metcalf, Thomas H.; Houston, Brian H.; Butler, James E.] USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Feygelson, Tatyana] Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. RP Metcalf, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tom.metcalf@nrl.navy.mil RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0073-7 PY 2006 BP 192 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BFP95 UT WOS:000243684700033 ER PT B AU Peil, S Crane, S Swanson, T Ekstrom, CR AF Peil, Steven Crane, Scott Swanson, Thomas Ekstrom, Christopher R. GP IEEE TI The USNO rubidium fountain SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY JUN 04-07, 2006 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE AB We present initial evaluations of our rubidium atomic fountain - the first of six that are designed for continuous operation and for inclusion into the USNO timescale. We have demonstrated short-term performance in weak-gradient, MOT-loaded operation of 1.3x10(-13)/tau(1/2). We have made a comparison between our rubidium fountain (NRF1) and cesium fountain (NCF), demonstrating a relative stability characterized by white-frequency noise down to an Allan deviation of 1.5x10(-15). Assuming that each fountain exhibits the same noise type, the data are consistent with an Allan deviation for our rubidium fountain of 7x10(-16) at 11 hours. Further upgrades to our cesium fountain should enable more precise comparisons. C1 [Peil, Steven; Crane, Scott; Swanson, Thomas; Ekstrom, Christopher R.] USN Observ, Clock Dev Div, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Peil, S (reprint author), USN Observ, Clock Dev Div, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM peil@atom.usno.navy.mil NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0073-7 PY 2006 BP 304 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BFP95 UT WOS:000243684700059 ER PT B AU Matsakis, D Lee, M Dach, R Hugentobler, U Jiang, Z AF Matsakis, Demetrios Lee, Mark Dach, Rolf Hugentobler, Urs Jiang, Z. GP IEEE TI GPS Carrier Phase analysis noise on the USNO-PTB baselines SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY JUN 04-07, 2006 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE ID TIME-TRANSFER AB Carrier Phase GPS observations between a geodetic receiver at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) and two geodetic receivers at the USNO are processed using applications and extensions of the GIPSY and Bernese GPS Software packages. Their results are compared with Two Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT) data. It is found that algorithms that eliminate day-boundary effects require careful handling in the presence of receiver instrumental delays. Depending upon the approach chosen, time differences of several ns and frequency differences of up to 100 ps/day can develop between solution types. C1 [Matsakis, Demetrios] USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Dach, Rolf; Hugentobler, Urs] Univ Bern, Astron Inst, Bern, Switzerland. [Jiang, Z.] Bureau Int Poids & Mesures, Sevres, France. RP Matsakis, D (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM Matsakis.Demetrios@usno.navy.mil RI Hugentobler, Urs/H-5605-2011 NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0073-7 PY 2006 BP 631 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BFP95 UT WOS:000243684700118 ER PT B AU Vincent, PJ Tummala, M McEachen, J AF Vincent, Patrick J. Tummala, Murali McEachen, John GP IEEE TI An energy-efficient approach for information transfer from distributed wireless sensor systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 IEEE/SMC INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/SMC International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY APR 24-26, 2006 CL Los Angeles, CA SP IEEE, SMC DE sensor networks; distributed sensor systems; power conservation; unmanned vehicles; localization AB We present a method for reconfiguring the communication and computational burden between a system consisting of two subsystems: a wireless ground-based sensor network, and an overhead unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A small subset of sensor nodes receives and aggregates information gathered by the network, and forms a distributed antenna array, concentrating the radiated transmission into a narrow beam aimed towards the UAV. We describe and analyze two alternative strategies to bring the UAV and the sensor network's beam into alignment, while minimizing the energy expended by the sensor network. The performance of the two strategies is compared in terms of probability of beam-UAV alignment as a junction of time, and the expected time to alignment. We examine the performance tradeoff between the choice of strategy and parameters of the sensor network that affect power conservation. C1 [Vincent, Patrick J.; Tummala, Murali; McEachen, John] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Vincent, PJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. FU US Special Operations Command and Joint Threat Warning System FX Support for this research was provided in part by the Maritime Extension to the US Special Operations Command and Joint Threat Warning System NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0187-1 PY 2006 BP 100 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BFZ13 UT WOS:000245541700018 ER PT B AU Shing, MT Drusinsky, D Cook, TS AF Shing, Man-Tak Drusinsky, Doron Cook, Thomas S. GP IEEE TI Quality assurance of the timing properties of real-time, reactive system-of-systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 IEEE/SMC INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/SMC International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY APR 24-26, 2006 CL Los Angeles, CA SP IEEE, SMC DE white-box testing; design by contract; statechart assertions; formal specification; run-time execution monitoring AB The paper concerns the quality assurance of the timing properties of complex, real-time, reactive system-of-systems. It builds upon our previous work on run-time model checking of timing properties and the automatic white-box testing based on run-time assertion checking, and brings together several technologies to improve the predictability of the system-of-systems' logical and timing behavior. The paper presents a microkernel architecture for evolvable system-of-systems to isolate the computations that are likely to change with time from the basic control logics that are invariant in the application domain, and a testing methodology that is based on formal statechart assertions. We demonstrate the approach with a conceptual design of a ballistic missile defense battle management software. C1 [Shing, Man-Tak; Drusinsky, Doron; Cook, Thomas S.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Drusinsky, Doron] Time Rover Inc, Cupertino, CA USA. RP Shing, MT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM shing@nps.edu; ddrusins@nps.edu; tscool@nps.edu FU U.S. Missile Defense Agency FX The research reported in this article was funded in part by a grant from the U.S. Missile Defense Agency. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright annotations thereon. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0187-1 PY 2006 BP 210 EP + PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BFZ13 UT WOS:000245541700037 ER PT B AU Tummala, H Auguston, M Michael, JB Shing, MT Little, D Pace, Z AF Tummala, Harsha Auguston, Mikhail Michael, James B. Shing, Man-Tak Little, David Pace, Zachary GP IEEE TI Implementation and analysis of environment behavior models as a tool for testing real-time, reactive systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 IEEE/SMC INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/SMC International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY APR 24-26, 2006 CL Los Angeles, CA SP IEEE, SMC DE safety reliability and quality assurance; reactive and real-time system testing; testing automation; model-based testing; simulation; systems modeling AB We explored the effectiveness of using environment behavior models as a method for testing and analyzing real-time, reactive software systems. Through the automatic generation of test case scenarios based on attributed event grammar, environment behavior models subject the system tinder test (SUT) to a range of potentially hazardous states. We explored the extent to which experiments with a SUT embedded in an environment behavior model serve as a constructive method for quantitative and qualitative assessment of software system safety. This was done by implementing simulations in which an environment behavior model interacted with the safety-critical computer-assisted resuscitation algorithm (CARA), which is used with a casualty intravenous fluid infusion pump. It was found that with regard to real-time reactive systems, environment behavior models can be used as an effective tool for qualitative and quantitative safety assessment, as well as for improvement of the SUT. C1 [Tummala, Harsha] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Auguston, Mikhail; Michael, James B.; Shing, Man-Tak] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA USA. [Little, David] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Math, San Luis Obispo, CA USA. [Pace, Zachary] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC USA. RP Tummala, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM htummala@berkeley.edu; maugusto@nps.edu; bmichael@nps.edu; shing@nps.edu; delittle@calpoly.edu; zachary.pace@duke.edu FU U.S. Missile Defense Agency FX This research was funded in part by a grant from the U.S. Missile Defense Agency. The views and conclusions here are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0187-1 PY 2006 BP 246 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BFZ13 UT WOS:000245541700043 ER PT B AU Walker, TO Turnmala, M Michael, JB AF Walker, T. Owens, III Tummala, Murali Michael, J. Bret GP IEEE TI Pulse transmission scheduling for a distributed system of cooperative radars SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 IEEE/SMC INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/SMC International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY APR 24-26, 2006 CL Los Angeles, CA SP IEEE, SMC DE distributed radar system; wireless sensor networks; beamforming; scheduling; system-of-systems ID SENSOR NETWORKS AB We introduce a simultaneous pulse transmission scheduling scheme for a distributed wireless network of cooperative tracking radars. Rather than treat each of the radars as an independent system, we model the individual radars as part of a system-of-systems and coordinate simultaneous transmissions across the network to produce constructive pulse collisions at the target. It is shown that this scheduling algorithm couples improved target discrimination due to spatial diversity with a reduced per node power requirement due to increased signal-to-noise ratios at the receivers. This simultaneous scheduling strategy is combined with a detection and localization multistatic time-scheduled strategy in a two-phase hybrid approach. Algorithms are developed for both phases that minimize inter-pulse interference and communication overhead while maximizing pulse repetition rate. Potential error sources are identified and studied for both the radar transmissions as well as the underlying communication network. C1 [Walker, T. Owens, III; Tummala, Murali; Michael, J. Bret] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Walker, TO (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM towalker@nps.edu; mtummala@nps.edu; bmichael@nps.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0187-1 PY 2006 BP 269 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BFZ13 UT WOS:000245541700047 ER PT B AU Hurley, SM Tummala, M Walker, TO Pace, PE AF Hurley, Sean M. Tummala, Murali Walker, Thaddeus O., III Pace, Phillip E. GP IEEE TI Impact of synchronization on signal-to-noise ratio in a distributed radar system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 IEEE/SMC INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/SMC International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY APR 24-26, 2006 CL Los Angeles, CA SP IEEE, SMC DE distributed radar system; system of systems; wireless sensor network; target tracking; signal-to-noise ratio; synchronization AB Distributed radar systems are a subset of distributed sensor networks. They are classified as a system of systems due to the processing done at each sensor system and by the network as a whole. The potential signal-to-noise (SNR) gains of a distributed radar system are proportional to N-2, where N is the number of sensors in the network. This potential is dependant on an assumption that the network transmitters and receivers are synchronized; this paper investigates this assumption. The focus of this work is the frequency, phase, and pulse synchronization of the pulses as they interact at the target. Feedback is discussed as a means of maintaining synchronization. The best case is for a reflected pulse to be in phase and overlap completely; the worst case is for the pulses to reflect in a manner that is non-overlapping. SNR decreases in a sinusoidal manner as synchronization is lost. C1 [Hurley, Sean M.; Tummala, Murali; Walker, Thaddeus O., III; Pace, Phillip E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hurley, SM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM smhurley@nps.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0187-1 PY 2006 BP 275 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BFZ13 UT WOS:000245541700048 ER PT B AU Sanchez, PJ AF Sanchez, Paul J. GP IEEE TI As simple as possible, but no simpler: A gentle introduction to simulation modeling SO Proceedings of the 2006 Winter Simulation Conference, Vols 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 03-06, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB We start with basic terminology and concepts of modeling, and decompose the art of modeling as a process. This overview of the process helps clarify when we should or should not use simulation models. We discuss some common missteps made by many inexperienced modelers, and propose a concrete approach for avoiding those mistakes. After a quick review of event graphs, which are a very straightforward notation for discrete event systems, we illustrate how an event graph can be translated quite directly to a computer program with the aid of a surprisingly simple library. The resulting programs are easy to implement and computationally are extremely efficient. The first half of the paper focuses principles of modeling, and should be of general interest. The second half will be of interest to students, teachers, and readers who wish to know how simulation models work and how to implement them from the ground up. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sanchez, PJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0500-8 PY 2006 BP 2 EP 10 DI 10.1109/WSC.2006.323033 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BGE17 UT WOS:000246261200002 ER PT B AU Sanchez, SM AF Sanchez, Susan M. GP IEEE TI Work smarter, not harder: Guidelines for designing simulation experiments SO Proceedings of the 2006 Winter Simulation Conference, Vols 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 03-06, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB We present the basic concepts of experimental design, the types of goals it can address, and why it is such an important and useful tool for simulation. A well-designed experiment allows the analyst to examine many more factors than would otherwise be possible, while providing insights that cannot be gleaned from trial-and-error approaches or by sampling factors one at a time. We focus on experiments that can cut down the sampling requirements of some classic designs by orders of magnitude, yet make it possible and practical to develop a better understanding of a complex simulation model. Designs we have found particularly useful for simulation experiments are illustrated using simple simulation models, and we provide links to other resources for those wishing to learn more. Ideally, this tutorial will leave you excited about experimental designs-and prepared to use them-in your upcoming simulation studies. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sanchez, SM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0500-8 PY 2006 BP 47 EP 57 DI 10.1109/WSC.2006.323037 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BGE17 UT WOS:000246261200006 ER PT B AU Sanchez, SM Wood, RK AF Sanchez, Susan M. Wood, R. Kevin GP IEEE TI The "best" algorithm for solving stochastic mixed integer programs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 03-06, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE ID SOLUTION QUALITY; RECOURSE; BOUNDS AB We present a new algorithm for solving two-stage stochastic mixed-integer programs (SMIPs) having discrete first-stage variables, and continuous or discrete second-stage variables. For a minimizing SMIP, the BEST algorithm (1) computes an upper Bound on the optimal objective value (typically a probabilistic bound), and identifies a deterministic lower-bounding function, (2) uses the bounds to Enumerate a set of first-stage solutions that contains an optimal solution with pre-specified confidence, (3) for each first-stage solution, Simulates second-stage operations by repeatedly sampling random parameters and solving the resulting model instances, and (4) applies statistical Tests (e.g., '' screening procedures '') to the simulated outcomes to identify a near-optimal first-stage solution with pre-specified confidence. We demonstrate the algorithm's performance on a stochastic facility-location problem. C1 [Sanchez, Susan M.; Wood, R. Kevin] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sanchez, SM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI Wood, Kevin/0000-0002-0311-8712 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0500-8 PY 2006 BP 765 EP + DI 10.1109/WSC.2006.323157 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BGE17 UT WOS:000246261201042 ER PT B AU Mutschler, DW AF Mutschler, David W. GP IEEE TI Enhancement of memory pools toward a multi-threaded implementation of the joint integrated mission model (JIMM) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 03-06, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB The Joint Integrated Mission Model (JIMM). is a legacy real-time discrete-event simulator. Its initial singleth-readed implementation employed a memory pool to speed up run-time performance and easily checkpoint simulation state. Unfortunately, when JIMM started migrating to a multi-threaded implementation, this legacy memory pool was quickly identified as a bottleneck. This problem is addressed by dividing the memory into large chunks managed by a global controller but where thread-specific memory managers handled lower level memory allocation. This paper will focus on the legacy memory pool in JINIM and enhancements necessary for an efficient multi-threaded implementation. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, AD, NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Mutschler, DW (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, AD, NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0500-8 PY 2006 BP 856 EP 862 DI 10.1109/WSC.2006.323168 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BGE17 UT WOS:000246261201053 ER PT B AU Kang, K Doerr, KH Sanchez, SM AF Kang, Keebom Doerr, Kenneth H. Sanchez, Susan M. GP IEEE TI A design of experewents approach to readiness risk analysis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 03-06, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB We develop a simulation model to aid in identifying and evaluating promising alternatives to achieve improvements in weapon system-level availability when services for system components are outsourced. Two outcomes are valued: improvements in average operational availability for the weapon system, and reductions in the probability that operational availability of the weapon system falls below a given planning threshold (readiness risk). In practice, these outcomes must be obtained through performance-based agreements with logistics providers. The size of the state space, and the non-linear and stochastic nature of the outcomes, precludes the use of optimization approaches. Instead, we use designed experiments to evaluate simulation scenarios in an intelligent way. This is an efficient approach that enables us to assess average readiness and readiness risk outcomes of the alternatives, as well as to identify the components and logistics factors with the greatest impact on operational availability. C1 [Kang, Keebom; Doerr, Kenneth H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Sanchez, Susan M.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Publ Policy, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kang, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU NAVSEA PEO SHIPS; PEO IWS (Integrated Warfare Systems) via the Naval Postgraduate School Acquisition Research program; U. S. Marine Corps' Project FX The research was supported by NAVSEA PEO SHIPS, PEO IWS (Integrated Warfare Systems) via the Naval Postgraduate School Acquisition Research program, and the U. S. Marine Corps Project Albert effort. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0500-8 PY 2006 BP 1332 EP + DI 10.1109/WSC.2006.323232 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BGE17 UT WOS:000246261202057 ER PT B AU Ahner, DK Buss, AH Ruck, J AF Ahner, Darryl K. Buss, Arnold H. Ruck, John GP IEEE TI Assignment scheduling capability for unmanned aerial vehicles a discrete event simulation with optimization in the loop approach to solving a scheduling problem SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 03-06, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB Many military planning problems are difficult to solve using pure mathematical programming techniques. One such problem is scheduling unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in military operations subject to dynamic movement and control constraints. This problem is instead formulated as a dynamic programming problem whose approximate solution is obtained via the Assignment Scheduling Capability for UAVs (ASC-U) model using concepts from both simulation and optimization. Optimization is very effective at identifying the best decision for static problems, but is weaker in identifying the best decision in dynamic systems. Simulation is very effective in modeling and capturing dynamic effects, but is weak in optimizing from alternatives. ASC-U exploits the relative strengths of both methodologies by periodically re-optimizing UAV assignments and then having the simulation transition the states according to state dynamics. ASC-U thus exploits the strengths of simulation and optimization to construct good, timely solutions that neither optimization nor simulation could achieve alone. C1 [Ahner, Darryl K.] Anal Ctr, Training & Doctrine Command, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Buss, Arnold H.] Naval Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ruck, John] Rolands & Associates Corp, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Ahner, DK (reprint author), Anal Ctr, Training & Doctrine Command, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU United States Army TRADOC FX The authors wish to thank United States Army TRADOC for support of the development of ASC-U. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0500-8 PY 2006 BP 1349 EP + DI 10.1109/WSC.2006.323234 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BGE17 UT WOS:000246261202059 ER PT B AU Buss, AH Abner, DK AF Buss, Arnold H. Abner, Darryl K. GP IEEE TI Dynamic allocation of fires and sensors (DAFS): A low-resolution simulation for rapid modeling SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 03-06, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB High-resolution combat models have become so complex that the time necessary to create and analyze a scenario has become unacceptably long. A lower resolution approach to entity-level simulation can complement such models. This paper presents Dynamic Allocation of Fires and Sensors (DAFS), a low-resolution, constructive entity-level simulation framework, that can be rapidly configured and executed. Through the use of a loosely-coupled component architecture, DAFS is extremely flexible and configurable. DAFS allows an analyst to very quickly create a simulation model that captures the first-order effects of a scenario. Although the modeling of entities is done at a low-resolution, DAFS contains some sophisticated capabilities: within the model, commander entities can formulate and solve optimization problems dynamically. DAFS can be used to explore large areas of the parameter space and identify interesting regions where high-resolution models can provide more detailed information. C1 [Buss, Arnold H.] USN, MOVES Inst, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Abner, Darryl K.] US Army TRADOC Anal Ctr, Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Buss, AH (reprint author), USN, MOVES Inst, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU U.S. Army TRADOC FX Development of DAFS and of the first author has been supported by the U.S. Army TRADOC. This support is gratefully acknowledged. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0500-8 PY 2006 BP 1357 EP + DI 10.1109/WSC.2006.323235 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BGE17 UT WOS:000246261202060 ER PT B AU Michopoulos, JG Lambrakos, SG AF Michopoulos, John G. Lambrakos, Samuel G. GP IEEE TI Underlying issues associated with validation and verification of dynamic data driven simulation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 03-06, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB This paper presents a brief exposition of three underemphasized issues concerning modeling and simulation as they relate to Dynamic Data Driven Application Systems. One issue concerns the fact that conventional procedures for validation of data-driven models and simulations are unnecessary as they intrinsically contain validation in that they have been constructed according to acquired data. Another issue concerns the inherent coupling between the experimental frame used to measure system response and the system itself. This coupling can lead to an unrealistic simulation of the system in that the data contains the interaction of the system with the experimental frame. The final issue concerns the inherent pluralism of parametric representation and of potential mappings from data space into model space. This inherent pluralism imposes the need for optimal model and data space navigation procedures that are structured for appropriate sampling of data space and specification of faithful model parameterizations. C1 [Michopoulos, John G.; Lambrakos, Samuel G.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 FU National Science Foundation [EIA-0205663, CNS-0540419]; NRL FX The authors acknowledge the support by the National Science Foundation under grants EIA-0205663 and CNS- 0540419. Partial support from NRLs 6.1 core-funding is also greatly acknowledged. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0500-8 PY 2006 BP 2093 EP + DI 10.1109/WSC.2006.322998 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BGE17 UT WOS:000246261204035 ER PT B AU Hess, DE Faller, WE Roddy, RF Pence, AM Fu, TC AF Hess, David E. Faller, William E. Roddy, Robert F., Jr. Pence, Anne M. Fu, Thomas C. GP ASME TI Feedforward neural networks applied to problems in ocean engineering SO Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Vol 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE 2006) CY JUN 04-09, 2006 CL Hamburg, GERMANY SP ASME, Ocean, Offshore & Arctic Engn Div, ASME, Int Petr Technol Inst AB The Maneuvering and Control Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Div. (NSWCCD) along with Applied Simulation Technologies have been developing and applying feedforward neural networks (FFNN) to problems of naval interest in Ocean Engineering. A selection of these will be discussed. Together, they show the power of the nonlinear method as well as its utility in diverse applications. Experimental data describing a subset of the B-Screw series of propellers operating in all four quadrants have been reported by MARIN in the Netherlands. The data contain varying pitch to diameter ratios, expanded area ratios, number of blades and advance-angle. These four variables were used to train a FFNN to predict the four-quadrant thrust and torque characteristics for the entire B-screw series over a range of beta from 0 to 360 deg. The results show excellent agreement with the existing data and provide a means for estimating 4-quadrant performance for the entire series. For submarine simulation and design, knowledge of the total forces and moments acting on the hull as a function of angle-of-attack, sideslip angle and dimensionless turning rate across a large parameter space is required. This data is acquired experimentally and/or numerically and can be used to train a FFNN to act as a Virtual Tow Tank or Hirtual CFD Code. The network not only recovers the training data but also serves as a very fast, nonlinear six degree-of-freedom look-up table of the forces and moments acting on the hull throughout the parameter space described by the vehicle dynamics. Example solutions demonstrating this approach will be presented. Wave impact loads pose continuing problems for vessels in high sea states, with damage to hatches and appendages, suggesting that these loads may be greater than current design guidelines. Such forcing is complex and often difficult to estimate numerically. Experimental data were acquired at NSWC to measure the hydrodynamic loads of regular, non-breaking waves on a plate and a cylinder while varying incident wave height, wavelength, wave steepness, plate angle and immersion level of the plate/cylinder. Predictions of wave impact forces from a FFNN trained on the experimental data will be presented. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Hess, DE (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4747-3 PY 2006 BP 501 EP 510 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Petroleum; Engineering, Mechanical; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BGP27 UT WOS:000249368000058 ER PT B AU McCormick, ME Kraemer, DRB AF McCormick, Michael E. Kraemer, David R. B. GP ASME TI Analysis of a wedge wave-maker in a tank of finite depth SO Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Vol 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE 2006) CY JUN 04-09, 2006 CL Hamburg, GERMANY SP ASME, Ocean, Offshore & Arctic Engn Div, ASME, Int Petr Technol Inst AB The analysis of the performance of a wedge-type wave-maker in a tank of finite depth is presented. The analytical technique is somewhat different than those applied previously to performance studies of wave-makers. Those techniques include the assumption of a product solution of the Laplace equation. This assumption leads to combinations of sinusoidal and hyperbolic functions of the wave number. Here, following Yeung (198 1), both product and summation solutions are assumed. This assumption is based on the fact that the fluid beneath the wave make is confined by the wave-maker, the backwall and the tank floor. From potential-flow theory, the streamlines of the oscillatory flow of this confined fluid are well defined. Yeung (1981), in a three-dimensional analysis of hydrodynamic coefficients of a heaving, vertical, circular cylinder, makes this assumption without stating so. Using the experimental data of Wang (1974) for comparison, results of the analysis are presented for various combinations of wave-maker draft, breadth and water depth for a triangular wedge. The results show that the effects of the evanescent waves are of second-order. Close to the wedge, results are presented resulting from the inclusion of four evanescent waves. The technique is of value because of its relatively simple form and its versatility. C1 USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McCormick, ME (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4747-3 PY 2006 BP 587 EP 594 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Petroleum; Engineering, Mechanical; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BGP27 UT WOS:000249368000069 ER PT B AU Engel, TG Neri, JM Nunnally, WC AF Engel, Thomas G. Neri, Jesse M. Nunnally, William C. GP IEEE TI A same-scale comparison of electromagnetic launchers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 27TH INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM AND 2006 HIGH VOLTAGE WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Power Modulator Symposium/2006 High Voltage Workshops CY MAY 14-18, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Dielect, Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, DEIS AB A same-scale comparison of conventional railguns, augmented railguns, and helical launchers is presented and discussed. While the ideal launcher is always 100% efficient, practical launchers have an efficiency which is a function of the projectile velocity and a new parameter called the characteristic velocity. The characteristic velocity is the velocity needed for 50% maximum efficiency. The motivation for a same-scale comparison is an accounting for the velocity-dependent efficiency effect. The same scale concept states that launcher comparisons should be done on an equal bore diameter, launcher length, projectile mass, and velocity basis. Other parameters developed by the authors and included in the analysis, are the launcher constant and the mode constant that account for the launcher geometry and the mode of operation, respectively. The analysis uses experimental data collected by the authors with conventional railgun, augmented railgun, and helical gun launchers. C1 [Engel, Thomas G.; Nunnally, William C.] Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Neri, Jesse M.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Engel, TG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F49620-03-1-0350] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under contract F49620-03-1-0350. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0018-8 PY 2006 BP 405 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGF53 UT WOS:000246445300102 ER PT S AU Sands, TA Kim, JJ Agrdwal, B AF Sands, Timothy A. Kim, Jae Jun Agrdwal, Brij GP IEEE TI 2H singularity-free momentum generation with non-redundant single gimbaled control moment gyroscopes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 45TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-14 SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 13-15, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB Two objectives dominate consideration of control moment gyroscopes (CMGs) for spacecraft maneuvers: High torque (equivalently momentum) and singularity-free operations. This paper adds to the significant body of research towards these two goals utilizing a minimal 3-CMG array to provide 646% singularity-free momentum performance increase spherically, compared to the ubiquitous pyramid arrangement skewed at 54.73 degrees. Spherical 1H (1 CMGs-worth momentum) singularity free momentum is established with birectional 1H and 2H in the third direction in a baseline configuration. Lastly, momentum space reshaping is shown via mixed skew angles. These claims are demonstrated analytically, then heuristically, and finally validated experimentally. C1 [Sands, Timothy A.; Kim, Jae Jun; Agrdwal, Brij] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sands, TA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tasands@nps.edu; jkil2@nps.navy.mil; agrawal@nps.edu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-0170-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2006 BP 1551 EP 1556 DI 10.1109/CDC.2006.377310 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BHD08 UT WOS:000252251604077 ER PT S AU Muradore, R Fedrigo, E AF Muradore, Riccardo Fedrigo, Enrico GP IEEE TI Improving the performance of a laser guide star adaptive optics system using identification methods SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 45TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-14 SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 13-15, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB The fight coming from a star travels undisturbed for billions of kilometers until it reaches the boundaries of the Earth atmosphere: there small differences in the refraction index distort the spherical wavefront, creating phase errors in the image-forming ray paths. Even at the best sites, ground-based telescopes observing at visible wavelengths cannot, because of atmospheric turbulence alone, achieve an angular resolution better than telescopes of 10- to 20-cm diameter. Adaptive Optics (AO) is a technique to remove the effects of these distortions in real-time by operating a deformable mirror that rapidly adapts its shape to the atmospheric disturbance canceling it. ESO (European Southern Observatory) now operates several AO systems in the Paranal observatory on the chilean Andes, where the 4 telescopes of the VLT (Very Large Telescope) are installed. Several of them are the result of a common project called MACAO, for Multi Application Curvature Adaptive Optics. In this paper we will focus on one particular installation, SINFONI, that combines MACAO with an integral field spectrometer. MACAO for SINFONI features a quite complex control loop because the guide star used here is artificial, generated with a laser. One subsystem of MACAO, the LGS tip/tilt control, does not perform as expected. We analyse the behaviour of this subsystem by first identifying its model and then we try to improve it by designing an optimal controller. C1 [Muradore, Riccardo] European So Observ, Munich, Germany. [Fedrigo, Enrico] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Muradore, R (reprint author), European So Observ, Munich, Germany. EM rmurador@eso.org; efedrigo@eso.org NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-0170-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2006 BP 2024 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BHD08 UT WOS:000252251603163 ER PT S AU Fahroo, F Ito, K AF Fahroo, Fariba Ito, Kazufumi GP IEEE TI Optimal absorption design and sensitivity of eigenvalues SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 45TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-14 SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 13-15, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID EXPONENTIAL DECAY; APPROXIMATION; ENERGY; EQUATIONS AB In this work we consider a sensitivity approach for the optimal absorption design for damped elastic systems. These systems are generally represented by abstract wave equations with variable damping coefficients. Using the sensitivity equation of eigenvalues of the corresponding system generator, a solution method is developed and analyzed for determining the optimal design with respect to the design parameter. Based on such a solution method, approximation methods are also developed for construction of the optimal design. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed method. C1 [Fahroo, Fariba] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ito, Kazufumi] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Fahroo, F (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ffahroo@nps.edu; kito@eos.ncsu.eck NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-0170-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2006 BP 2459 EP 2461 DI 10.1109/CDC.2006.377151 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BHD08 UT WOS:000252251604039 ER PT S AU Gong, Q Ross, IM Kang, W Fahroo, F AF Gong, Qi Ross, I. Michael Kang, Wei Fahroo, Fariba GP IEEE TI On the pseudospectral covector mapping theorem for nonlinear optimal control SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 45TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-14 SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 13-15, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID CONSTRAINTS; SYSTEMS AB In recent years, a large number of nonlinear optimal control problems have been solved by pseudospectral (PS) methods. In an effort to better understand the PS approach to solving control problems, we present convergence results for problems with mixed state and control constraints. A set of sufficient conditions are proved under which the solution of the discretized optimal control problem converges to the continuous solution. Conditions for the convergence of the duals are described and illustrated. This leads to a clarification of Covector Mapping Theorem and its connections to constraint qualifications. C1 [Gong, Qi] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Ross, I. Michael] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astro Engr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kang, Wei; Fahroo, Fariba] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gong, Q (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM qi.gong@utsa.edu; iraross@nps.edu; wkang@nps.edu; ffahroo@nps.edu FU SAF; AFOSR [F1ATA0-60-6-2G002] FX This research was supported in part by SAF and AFOSR under grant F1ATA0-60-6-2G002. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-0170-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2006 BP 2683 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BHD08 UT WOS:000252251601065 ER PT S AU Reddy, PV Justh, EW Krishnaprasad, PS AF Reddy, P. V. Justh, E. W. Krishnaprasad, P. S. GP IEEE TI Motion camouflage in three dimensions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 45TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-14 SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 13-15, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB We formulate and analyze a three-dimensional model of motion camouflage' a stealth strategy observed in nature. The pursuer and evader trajectories are described using natural Frenet frames (or relatively parallel adapted frames), and the corresponding natural curvatures serve as controls. A high-gain feedback control law is derived. The biological plausibility of the feedback law is discussed, as is its connection to missile guidance. Simulations illustrating motion camouflage are also presented. This paper builds on recent work on motion camouflage in the planar setting. C1 [Reddy, P. V.; Krishnaprasad, P. S.] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Justh, E. W.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reddy, PV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM vishwa@umd.edu; krishna@umd.edu; eric.justh@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory [N00173-02-1G002, N00173-03-1G001, N00173-03-1G019, N00173-04-1G014]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F49620-01-0415, FA95500410130]; Army Research Office [DAAD19-01-1-0465]; NIH-NIBIB [1 R01 EB004750-01]; NSF/NIH; Office of Naval Research FX This research was supported in part by the Naval Research Laboratory under Grants No. N00173-02-1G002, N00173-03-1G001, N00173-03-1G019, and N00173-04-1G014; by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR Grants No. F49620-01-0415 and FA95500410130; by the Army Research Office under ODDR&E MURI01 Program Grant No. DAAD19-01-1-0465 to the Center for Communicating Networked Control Systems (through Boston University); by NIH-NIBIB grant 1 R01 EB004750-01, as part of the NSF/NIH Collaborative Research in Computational Neuroscience Program; and by the Office of Naval Research. NR 13 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-0170-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2006 BP 3327 EP + DI 10.1109/CDC.2006.377777 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BHD08 UT WOS:000252251601073 ER PT B AU Chang, PA Wang, M Gershfeld, J AF Chang, Peter A., III Wang, Meng Gershfeld, Jonathan GP ASME TI PREDICTION OF VORTEX SHEDDING FROM A HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBER AIRFOIL USING LES WITH AND WITHOUT WALL MODEL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER CONFERENCE, VOL 1, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting/14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUL 17-20, 2006 CL Miami, FL SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fluids Engn Div, Assoc Francaise Mecan Engineers, Assoc Italiana Meccan Teor & Applicata, Verein Deutsch Ingenieure, Inst Mech Engineers, JM Burgers Ctr Fluid Mech AB ATTACHED. wall-bounded flows impose computational requirements on LES that increase drastically with Reynolds number. For that reason, even simple geometries, such as air-foils at small angles of attack, with spanwise uniform section shape, challenge the bounds of LES as chord-based Reynolds numbers increase much above 1 million. Of particular concern is the ability of LES to predict the occurrence, and strength of, weak vortex shedding from the airfoil trailing edge (by weak vortex shedding we mean that the acoustic vortex shedding signature may rise only a few decibels above that for the broadband turbulent boundary layer acoustic sources). Correct prediction of weak vortex shedding may depend on accurately predicting the flow over the entire airfoil that includes the attached, turbulent upstream flow, adverse pressure gradient and separated flow regions and finally, the turbulent wake. This paper compares results of two full-LES and two LES with wall-stress model for the flow about a modified NACA 0016 airfoil with a 41 degrees trailing edge apex angle and a slightly convex pressure side. Comparisons of vortex shedding, as measured by the power spectral density (PSD) of wall pressure fluctuations (WPF) on the pressure side of the TE and the PSD of the vertical velocity fluctuations in the wake are made. The results indicate that vortex shedding predictions are dependent upon the streamwise and spanwise grid resolution. In order to reduce the large computational times required for simulating the high-Reynolds number flows with fully-resolved LES, a wall-stress model that solves the turbulent boundary layer equations in the near-wall region is applied. Compared with the fully-resolved LES, the LES with wall-stress simulations require about 20 percent the number of grid points and require about 10 percent of the computational time. However, the LES with wall stress model results under-predict the vortex shedding peal: in the wake and are not able to predict the vortex shedding signature in TE wall pressure spectra. These results indicate that near-wall turbulence structures need to be resolved in order to correctly predict the occurence and strength of vortex shedding. C1 [Chang, Peter A., III] USN, Ship Hydromech Directorate, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Chang, PA (reprint author), USN, Ship Hydromech Directorate, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM peter.chang@navy.mil; M.Wang@nd.edu; jonathan.gershfeld@navy.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4750-3 PY 2006 BP 1267 EP 1281 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BLH19 UT WOS:000270164100146 ER PT B AU Jordan, SA AF Jordan, Stephen A. GP ASME TI THE EFFECTS OF BOUNDARY STENCILS ON THE FIELD SPATIAL RESOLUTION WHEN USING COMPACT FINITE DIFFERENCES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER CONFERENCE, VOL 1, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY JUL 17-20, 2006 CL Miami, FL SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID SCHEMES AB When establishing the spatial resolution character of a composite compact finite differencing template for high-order field solutions, the stencils selected at non-periodic boundaries are commonly treated independent of the interior scheme. Thus position quantifies a false influence of the boundary scheme on the resultant interior dispersive and dissipative consequences of the compound template. Of the three ingredients inherent in the composite template, only its numerical accuracy and global stability have been properly treated in a coupled fashion. Herein, we present a companion means for quantifying the resultant spatial resolution properties. Compact boundary stencils with free parameters to minimize the field dispersion (or phase error) and dissipation are included in the proposed procedure. Application of the couples templates to Burgers equation at the non-periodic boundary showed significant differences in the predictive error. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02842 USA. RP Jordan, SA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02842 USA. EM jordansa@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4750-3 PY 2006 BP 1303 EP 1313 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BLH19 UT WOS:000270164100149 ER PT B AU Carneal, JB Atsavapranee, P AF Carneal, Jason B. Atsavapranee, Paisan GP ASME TI GLOBAL LASER RANGEFINDER PROFILOMETRY: INITIAL TEST AND UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER CONFERENCE, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting/14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUL 17-20, 2006 CL Miami, FL SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fluids Engn Div, Assoc Francaise Mecan Engineers, Assoc Italiana Meccan Teor & Applicata, Verein Deutsch Ingenieure, Inst Mech Engineers, JM Burgers Ctr Fluid Mech AB Global Laser Rangefinder Profilometry (GLRP) is a novel optical technique for instantaneous measurement of complex three-dimensional surfaces. A functional GLRP system has been constructed in the Maneuvering and Seakeeping Basin (MASK) at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD). The system is capable of measuring surface height displacements over 800 measurement points at 30 Hz. The MASK GLRP system was used to measure the surface profiles of large waves produced by wave-makers in the MASK and bow waves generated by a surface ship remote-controlled model (RCM). Several large wave measurements were performed at various wave heights and compared to sonic probe measurements. The large wave measurements were found to be consistent with sonic probe measurements to within 5%. The results from the large wave measurements and RCM model bow wave measurements are presented and discussed. Data was collected in calm water to quantify sources of error, including optical jitter. The random error of the GLRP system is estimated at approximately 1.6 mm. The purpose of this work was to test the ability of the GLRP system for use in tests commonly performed at NSWCCD. C1 [Carneal, Jason B.; Atsavapranee, Paisan] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Carneal, JB (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4751-0 PY 2006 BP 909 EP 915 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BMF57 UT WOS:000272191800126 ER PT B AU Driscoll, MJ Habib, T AF Driscoll, Matthew J. Habib, Thomas GP ASME TI Advanced degradation rates for high power LM2500 applications SO Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2006, Vol 5, Pts A and B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st ASME Turbo Expo CY MAY 06-11, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Since the early 1970's, the United States Navy has utilized the General Electric LM2500 gas turbine engine for propulsion aboard its surface combatants including its newest DDG 51 Class Destroyer. These ships have generally operated at a part power operational profile under a COGAG arrangement which has offered system redundancy while exceeding life projections for the gas turbine engines. For its newest ships still in the design phase (LHD 8/LCS/LSC(X)) the Navy intends to continue to utilize gas turbine engines but in different applications including electric drive, high power boost applications in tandem with both diesel engines and electric motor arrangements. Although this paper focuses on the LM2500, its conclusions are meant to apply to a broader scope of future propulsion applications. Specific conclusions are provided describing potential operating profile considerations. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Driscoll, MJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4240-1 PY 2006 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFJ48 UT WOS:000242368000001 ER PT B AU Driscoll, MJ Descar, PP AF Driscoll, Matthew J. Descar, Peter P. GP ASME TI Investigation of compressor rear frame cracking of United States Navy LM2500 gas turbine engines SO Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2006, Vol 5, Pts A and B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st ASME Turbo Expo CY MAY 06-11, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB In December 2000, a 7" long axial crack was visually identified on the compressor rear frame of an LM2500 propulsion gas turbine engine aboard the USS MITSCHER (DDG 57). This was originally thought to be a unique failure mode possibly caused by misaligned brackets external to the engine imparting undo thermal stresses onto the engine casing and flange. Since that time, 17 additional engines in the Navy fleet have been identified with either the large axial crack on the compressor casing or a small craze crack on the CRF flange, which appears to be the origination point prior to crack propagation. This paper discusses the extent of the cracking problem in the US Navy, the engineering investigation undertaken by the OEM and Navy to determine the root cause of the cracks and development of a field repair strategy to mitigate the impact of these cracks. The focus of the paper includes metallurgical analysis of failed compressor rear frame hardware, vibratory evaluation of the engine's external piping system as a contributory failure mode and results of strain gage testing of the mid flange region. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Driscoll, MJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4240-1 PY 2006 BP 9 EP 15 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFJ48 UT WOS:000242368000002 ER PT B AU Russom, DM Pineiro, I AF Russom P. E., Dennis M. Pineiro, Ivan GP ASME TI The evolution of gas turbine generator set reliability in the US Navy SO Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2006, Vol 5, Pts A and B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st ASME Turbo Expo CY MAY 06-11, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB This paper looks back at the evolution of the Gas Turbine Generator sets (GTGs) in the U.S. Navy's DDG 51 Class, reviewing lessons learned, successes and areas where work is still required. Topics are discussed in the context of Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) Total Ownership Cost (TOC) and maintainability. It reviews changes that resulted in MTBF increasing by a factor of five and TOC dropping by a factor of four. It also looks to the future, identifying potential areas of further improvement. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Russom, DM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4240-1 PY 2006 BP 139 EP 145 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFJ48 UT WOS:000242368000017 ER PT B AU Tolotta, VP Harris, H AF Tolotta, Vincent P. Harris, Howard GP ASME TI LHD 8 propulsion machinery control system design and integration SO Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2006, Vol 5, Pts A and B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st ASME Turbo Expo CY MAY 06-11, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The LHD 8 machinery plant represents a significant departure from previous LHD class ships with a propulsion system that combines an LM2500+ and electric motor per shaft. The propulsion system integrates the first US Navy application of this gas turbine engine ultimately with the ship service electric plant. This complex system affords many advantages to the ship designers with respect to reconfigurability, survivability and maneuvering. However the design challenges the ability of the Machinery Control System (MCS) to maximize the effectiveness of this complex machinery plant. The MCS is a software-based distributed system utilizing a high bandwidth network. The system relies on the VME platform for control processing, data acquisition and operator control. The MCS design and architecture is presented. Decisions concerning network capabilities, distribution of control, and processing are considered. The impact of electric plant complexities upon the propulsion system requirements will also be addressed. The MCS architecture solution will describe LM2500+ integration issues with an electric motor. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Ship Syst Engn Stn, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Tolotta, VP (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Ship Syst Engn Stn, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4240-1 PY 2006 BP 147 EP 154 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFJ48 UT WOS:000242368000018 ER PT B AU Gannon, AJ Hobson, GV Shreeve, RP Villescas, IJ AF Gannon, A. J. Hobson, G. V. Shreeve, R. P. Villescas, I. J. GP ASME TI Experimental investigation during stall and surge in a transonic fan stage & rotor-only configuration SO Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2006, Vol 6, Pts A and B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st ASME Turbo Expo CY MAY 06-11, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst ID AXIAL COMPRESSORS; ROTATING STALL; INCEPTION AB High-speed pressure measurements of a transonic compressor rotor-stator stage and rotor-only configuration during stall and surge are presented. Rotational speed data showed the difference between the rotor-only case and rotor-stator stage. The rotor-only case stalled and remained stalled until the control throttle was opened. In the rotor-stator stage the compressor surged entering a cyclical stalling and then unstalling pattern. An array of pressure probes was mounted in the case wall over the rotor for both configurations of the machine. The fast response probes were sampled at 196 608 Hz as the rotor was driven into stall. Inspection of the raw data signal allowed the size and speed of the stall cell during its growth to be investigated. Post-processing of the simultaneous signals of the casing pressure showed the development of the stall cell from the point of inception and allowed the structure of the stall cell to be viewed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Turboprop Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Gannon, AJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Turboprop Lab, Washington, DC USA. RI Gannon, Anthony/E-9598-2017 OI Gannon, Anthony/0000-0002-4602-4396 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4241-X PY 2006 BP 367 EP 376 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFK60 UT WOS:000242494000036 ER PT S AU Zilberman, ER Pace, PE AF Zilberman, E. R. Pace, P. E. BE Hwang, JN TI Autonomous cropping and feature extraction using time-frequency marginal distributions for LPI radar classification SO Proceedings of the Eighth IASTED International Conference on Signal and Image Processing SE IASTED International Conference on Signal and Image Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IASTED International Conference on Signal and Image Processing CY AUG 14-16, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI SP Int Assoc Sci & Technol Dev DE Choi-Williams; time-frequency; autonomous; LPI; feature extraction; multi-layer perceptron AB An autonomous (no human operator intervention) feature extraction algorithm that can be used for classification of low probability of intercept (LPI) radar modulations using time-frequency (T-F) images is presented. The approach uses the marginal frequency distribution from a Choi-Williams time-frequency image to crop the modulation energy autonomously. A new adaptive binarization algorithm is used to preserve the high resolution detail that emphasizes the differences between modulation classes without overwhelming the classifier. The binary feature vector is used as an input to a multi-layer perceptron classification network. Classification results for five simulated low probability of intercept (LPI) radar modulations are shown for variations in the modulation parameters (difficult case) and variations in signal to noise to demonstrate the feature extraction approach and quantify the performance of the algorithm. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Zilberman, ER (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACTA PRESS ANAHEIM PI ANAHEIM PA PO BOX 5124, ANAHEIM, CA 92814-5124 USA SN 1482-7921 BN 978-0-88986-583-9 J9 IASTED INT CONF SIGN PY 2006 BP 6 EP 11 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BFR52 UT WOS:000244029100002 ER PT B AU Brown, L Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf, D Jesser, W AF Brown, Lloyd Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf, Doris Jesser, William GP IEEE TI A study of metal fiber brush operation on slip rings and commutators - Part I: The apparatus SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-SECOND IEEE HOLM CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL CONTACTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts CY 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE CPMT, AMI DODUCO, Checon Corp, Chugai USA Inc, Rockwell Automat, RES ECCT, Olin Corp, Eaton Elect, ECL, UMICORE, Brainin Advance Ind, Molex, Moog Components Grp, Deringer Ney DE metal fiber brush; commutator; slip ring; rotor; sliding contact AB A research apparatus was designed for use in an investigation to compare the current conduction and wear behavior of metal fiber brushes on commutators and slip rings. To this end, metal fiber brushes were operated, while conducting direct current, on gold-plated copper rotors with and without unfilled gaps to simulate slip rings and commutators, respectively. Results of measurements and conclusions are presented in Part II. C1 [Brown, Lloyd] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf, Doris; Jesser, William] Univ Virginia, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Brown, L (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM LBrown@usna.edu; dw@virginia.edu; waj@virginia.edu FU Office of Naval Research through Noesis, Inc; HiPerCon, LLC FX This research project has been sponsored by the Office of Naval Research through Noesis, Inc in a sub-contract with HiPerCon, LLC, which sponsorship is hereby gratefully acknowledged. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0581-7 PY 2006 BP 232 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFR44 UT WOS:000243997400037 ER PT B AU Brown, L Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf, D Jesser, W AF Brown, Lloyd Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf, Doris Jesser, William GP IEEE TI A study of metal fiber brush operation on slip rings and commutators - Part II: The results SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-SECOND IEEE HOLM CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL CONTACTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts CY 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE CPMT, AMI DODUCO, Checon Corp, Chugai USA Inc, Rockwell Automat, RES ECCT, Olin Corp, Eaton Elect, ECL, UMICORE, Brainin Advance Ind, Molex, Moog Components Grp, Deringer Ney DE metal fiber brush; commutator; slip ring; rotor; sliding contact; brush wear ID WEAR AB The results of an investigation to determine the wear mechanism of metal fiber brushes on commutators and slip rings are presented. Metal fiber brushes were operated, while conducting direct current, on gold-plated copper rotors with and without unfilled gaps to simulate slip rings and commutators. Wear rates on unfilled-groove commutators were found to be only modestly higher than on slip ring rotors. Three possible causes for enhanced metal fiber brush wear on commutators were considered: i) accelerated "adhesive" wear controlled by contact spots, ii) fatigue induced wear and iii) "fiber chopping". All observations on wear debris and brush fibers are consistent with "adhesive" fiber brush wear on commutators as well as on slip rings; due to interlocldng contact spots. Little to no evidence was found to support the other two hypotheses of fatigue induced wear and fiber chopping. The same conclusion also follows from comparing commutator wear rates with that on slip rings. A geometrical factor to account for the local elevation of brush pressure due to commutator grooves not supporting brush fiber tips was determined. This factor, of approximately 1.2, brought the wear data for commutators and slip rings into coincidence. C1 [Brown, Lloyd] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf, Doris; Jesser, William] Univ Virginia, Mat Sci Engn Dept, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Brown, L (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM LBrown@usna.edu; dw@virginia.edu; waj@virginia.edu FU Office of Naval Research through Noesis, Inc; HiPerCon, LLC FX This research project has been sponsored by the Office of Naval Research through Noesis, Inc in a sub-contract with HiPerCon, LLC, which sponsorship is hereby gratefully acknowledged. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0581-7 PY 2006 BP 238 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFR44 UT WOS:000243997400038 ER PT B AU Lee, YL AF Lee, YikLoon TI Quasi-steady vortex tracking in rotorcraft CFD on the cray X1 SO Proceedings of the HPCMP Users Group Conference 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUN 26-29, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP HPCMP Users Grp AB High-fidelity, far-field and economical blade vortex capturing, tracking and subsequent interaction is one of the most important aerodynamics problems in rotorcraft, particularly for heavy lift. Its solution is also one of the most difficult to obtain. This paper documents the use of multiple helical vortex tracking grids and development Of an automated tracking technique to achieve this objective. This technique is tested on the interactional aerodynamics of a generic Quad Tilt Rotor (QTR). This paper also highlights the special issues that arise in the parallelization of an in-house overset CFD code using the one-sided communication model of Co-Array Fortran (CAF) implemented on the Cray X1E. C1 USN, Aircraft Div, Air Warefare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Lee, YL (reprint author), USN, Aircraft Div, Air Warefare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2797-0 PY 2006 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGD48 UT WOS:000246173100006 ER PT B AU Godoy, C AF Godoy, Carlos TI High performance computational environment for real-time hardware-in the-loop simulation SO Proceedings of the HPCMP Users Group Conference 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUN 26-29, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP HPCMP Users Grp C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Undersea Syst Simulat & Anal Branch, Newport Div, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Godoy, C (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Undersea Syst Simulat & Anal Branch, Newport Div, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2797-0 PY 2006 BP 333 EP 336 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGD48 UT WOS:000246173100051 ER PT B AU Osburn, J Anderson, W Rosenberg, R Lanzagorta, M AF Osburn, Jeanie Anderson, Wendell Rosenberg, Robert Lanzagorta, Marco TI Early experiences on the NRL cray XD1 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUN 26-29, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP HPCMP Users Grp DE XDI; FPGA; MTA-2; multithreading; dual cores AB Scientists at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) are engaged in a broad spectrum of research. In order to provide the high performance computing resources to support that work NRL has recently obtained a three cabinet XD1 with 432 Opteron 275 dual core CPUs, 144 Vertex II FPGAs, and 6 Virtex 4 FPGAs. This paper will examine the applicability of the XD1 to these scientific problems. C1 [Osburn, Jeanie; Anderson, Wendell; Rosenberg, Robert] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lanzagorta, Marco] IIT, Washington, DC USA. RP Osburn, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM osburn@nrl.navy.mil; Wendell.anderson@nrl.navy.mil; robert.rosenberg@nrl.navy.mil; marco.lanzagorta@nrl.navy.mil FU DoD FX The NRL XD1 was purchased with funds provided through the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. All benchmarks in this report were run on that machine. The authors also wish to acknowledge the many scien tists including Dr. Spiro Antiochos, Dr. Chris Bachman, Dr. Tunna Baruah, Dr. Richard Devore, Dr. Andreas Gross, Dr. Stephen Hellberg, Dr. Michael Mehl, Dr. Guy Norton, Dr. Mark Pederson, and Dr. Alan Walcraft who willingly shared their codes and expertise. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2797-0 PY 2006 BP 347 EP 353 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGD48 UT WOS:000246173100053 ER PT B AU Moskowitz, IS Newman, RE AF Moskowitz, Ira S. Newman, Richard E. BE Sahni, S TI Timing channels, anonymity, mixes, and spikes SO Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Advances in Computer Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IASTED International Conference on Advances in Computer Science and Technology CY JAN 23-25, 2006 CL Puerto Vallarta, MEXICO SP Int Assoc Sci & Technol Dev, IASTED TCAI, IASTED TCCG, IASTED TCD, IASTED TC PDCS, IASTED TCSE DE action potential; spike; neuron; covert channel AB In this paper we consider how timing channels (from high assurance computing) arise in the study of certain anonymity systems. We then discuss how the same type of Shannon analysis for these timing channels applies to spikes (action potentials in the field of neuroscience). C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moskowitz, IS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PRESS ANAHEIM PI ANAHEIM PA PO BOX 5124, ANAHEIM, CA 92814-5124 USA BN 0-88986-545-0 PY 2006 BP 251 EP 256 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BEV82 UT WOS:000239655600044 ER PT S AU Pence, AM Fu, TC Jiang, M Hong, YS AF Pence, Anne M. Fu, Thomas C. Jiang, Minyee Hong, Young S. BE Ayer, R Chung, JS Ames, N Wheat, HG TI Investigation of wave impact load guidelines for ship appendages SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTEENTH (2006) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 4 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA DE wave; impact; pressure; force; Navy; COMET ID PRESSURES AB Damage to hatches and other appendages of vessels in the Navy fleet suggests that current wave impact design practices may be insufficient. This paper will describe an experiment that was performed at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division in 2005 to measure the hydrodynarnic loads of regular, non-breaking waves on a 1 foot (0.305 m) square plate and a 19 inch (0.483 m) diameter cylinder, and discuss the results from this effort. The loads were recorded while varying incident wave height, wavelength, wave steepness, plate angle and immersion level of the plate/cylinder. Impact coefficients for normal force to the plate are determined for varying submergence, angle, and wave steepness. The experimental results are compared with previous literature, as well as the predictions of the forces and moments from a computational fluid dynamics code, COMET. COMET is a volume-of-fluid, Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes commercial CFD code. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Maneuvering & Control Div, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Pence, AM (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Maneuvering & Control Div, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2006 BP 504 EP 508 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BEZ45 UT WOS:000240311700077 ER PT B AU Chia, KB Su, WL Ha, TT AF Chia, Kim Boon Su, Weilian Ha, Tri T. BE Fapojuwo, AO Kaminska, B TI Scale-free wireless sensor networks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH IASTED INTERNATIONAL MULTI-CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS AND OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IASTED International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications CY JUL 03-05, 2006 CL Banff, CANADA SP Int Assoc Sci & Technol Dev, IASTED Tech Comm Telecommun DE wireless sensor networks; scale free; resilient; scalable AB The resilience of wireless sensor networks is investigated. A key concept is that scale-free network principles can be adapted to artificially create resilient wireless sensor networks. As scale-free networks are known to be resilient to errors but vulnerable to attack, a strategy using "cold-start" diversity is proposed to reduce the vulnerability to attacks. The IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and ZigBee protocols are investigated for their ability to form resilient clusters. Simulation of the physical and media access control layers using ns-2 is carried out to validate key concepts and approach. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chia, KB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM kchia@nps.edu; weilian@nps.edu; ha@nps.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PRESS ANAHEIM PI ANAHEIM PA PO BOX 5124, ANAHEIM, CA 92814-5124 USA BN 0-88986-563-9 PY 2006 BP 475 EP 480 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BEW78 UT WOS:000239883800081 ER PT S AU Schmitt, HR Kraemer, SB Crenshaw, DM Hutchings, JB AF Schmitt, HR Kraemer, SB Crenshaw, DM Hutchings, JB BE Wilson, A TI Probing the physical conditions in the circumnuclear region of NGC 4151 SO Proceedings of the X-ray Universe 2005, Vols 1 and 2 SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the X-ray Universe 2005 CY SEP 26-30, 2005 CL El Escorial, SPAIN SP European Space Agcy DE emission lines; Seyfert; NGC 4151 ID NARROW-LINE REGION; NGC 4151; EMISSION AB We present a study of high resolution HST images of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC4151 in the emission lines [OII]lambda 3727 angstrom and [OIII]lambda 5007 angstrom. These images were used to study the ionization structure of the gas in the Narrow Line Region (NLR), through the emission line ratio [OIII]/[OII]. We find that gas located along the region perpendicular to the torus axis has much lower ionization than the gas located along the torus axis. This result, indicates that the gas along the torus equator is being ionized by radiation filtered through its outer regions. This scenario is consistent with the detection, by X-ray observations, of a high column density along the line of sight, corroborating the previously suggested nuclear geometry of this AGN. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schmitt, HR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7210, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-915-4 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2006 VL 604 BP 661 EP 662 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BED92 UT WOS:000236905300189 ER PT S AU Clarke, TE Sarazin, C Blanton, E Kassim, N AF Clarke, TE Sarazin, C Blanton, E Kassim, N BE Wilson, A TI X-ray and radio observations of interactions in cooling core clusters SO Proceedings of the X-ray Universe 2005, Vols 1 and 2 SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the X-ray Universe 2005 CY SEP 26-30, 2005 CL El Escorial, SPAIN SP European Space Agcy DE galaxies : cooling flows; galaxies : clusters : individual (A2597, A4059); radio continuum : galaxies. ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ABELL-2597; GALAXY; A2597; LOBES AB We present a study of the radio and X-ray interactions in the cores of two dense cooling flow clusters. Our recent low frequency radio observations of these systems reveal low energy relativistic plasma which appears to connect the central radio source to the outer ghost cavities seen in Chandra images. We present details of the radio and Xray observations of Abell 2597 which reveal several outburst episodes of the central AGN and provide the first suggestion of an X-ray tunnel which may be maintained over multiple outburst episodes. New radio observations of Abell 4059 reveal complex source morphology extending into the southeast ghost bubble. This synchrotron emission was not detected in previous higher frequency observations. C1 NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Clarke, TE (reprint author), NRL, 4555 Overlook Dr SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Blanton, Elizabeth/H-4501-2014 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-915-4 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2006 VL 604 BP 735 EP 736 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BED92 UT WOS:000236905300209 ER PT J AU Knopf, JW AF Knopf, JW TI Doing a literature review SO PS-POLITICAL SCIENCE & POLITICS LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. RP Knopf, JW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 1049-0965 J9 PS-POLIT SCI POLIT JI PS-Polit. Sci. Polit. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 39 IS 1 BP 127 EP 132 PG 6 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 009VC UT WOS:000235140500026 ER PT J AU Farwell, LA Richardson, DC Hernandez, RS AF Farwell, Lawrence A. Richardson, Drew C. Hernandez, Rene S. TI Brain fingerprinting in field conditions SO PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Psychophysiological-Research CY OCT 24-29, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Soc Psychophysiol Res DE ERP; lie detection; P300 C1 USN, Naval Med Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0048-5772 J9 PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY JI Psychophysiology PY 2006 VL 43 SU 1 BP S38 EP S38 PG 1 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 076NQ UT WOS:000239965400174 ER PT J AU Vourlidas, A Gary, DE Shibasaki, K AF Vourlidas, A Gary, DE Shibasaki, K TI Sunspot gyroresonance emission at 17 GHz: A statistical study SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE sun : activity; sun : corona; sun : radio radiation; sun : sunspots ID CORONAL MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SOLAR CORONA; RADIO OBSERVATIONS; ATMOSPHERE; COMPONENT; DYNAMICS; REGIONS; MODEL AB We investigate the sunspot gyroresonance emission at 17 GHz using the synoptic database of the Nobeyama Radioheliograph. Our statistical Study is based on full disk observations obtained during the maximum of Cycle 22 (1992-94). We Study the center-to-limb variation of the brightness and polarization Of the Sunspot radio emission and present some cases of polarization reversal. We find that the radio emission is most likely 3rd-harmonic gyroresonance emission arising from 2000 G fields in transition region, or low corona temperatures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Nobeyama Radio Observ, Nagano 3841305, Japan. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7663, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vourlidas@nrl.navy.ml RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Gary, Dale/0000-0003-2520-8396 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PY 2006 VL 58 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1093/pasj/58.1.11 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 019PO UT WOS:000235849400003 ER PT J AU Kozu, H Kitai, R Brooks, DH Kurokawa, H Yoshimura, K Berger, TE AF Kozu, Hiromichi Kitai, Reizaburo Brooks, David H. Kurokawa, Hiroki Yoshimura, Keiji Berger, Thomas E. TI Horizontal and vertical flow structure in emerging flux regions SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE sun : atmospheric motions; sun : photosphere ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; ACTIVE REGIONS; MAGNETIC-FLUX; EMERGENCE; VELOCITY; FIELD AB In order to obtain an overall view of the flow structure of convective gas in emerging flux regions (EFRs), we studied three EFRs in two solar active regions, NOAA 8218 and NOAA 10774. Using the Local Correlation Tracking method, we found several horizontally divergent flow structures, which were stable over a period of I hour, in 2 EFRs in NOAA 8218. The horizontal flow velocities and the sizes of the structures were around 500m s(-1) and about 4 Mm in radius, respectively. We analyzed another dataset of NOAA 10774 using spectroscopic methods and found temporarily stable up-ward gas flows in the central part of the EFR. The line-of-sight velocities were around 150 in s(-I) and the size of the flow patch was 2 to 5 Mm in radius. These results support our previous findings that convective-cell-like flow appears in the central part of an EFR. We estimated from these results that the depth of the flow cell in EFRs is about 600 km, and the turn-over time of the cell is about 2 hours. C1 Kyoto Univ, Hida Observ, Gifu 5061314, Japan. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Kyoto Univ, Kwasan Observ, Yamashina Ku, Kyoto 6078471, Japan. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Kozu, H (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Hida Observ, Gifu 5061314, Japan. EM kozu@kwasan.kyoto-u.ac.jp NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PY 2006 VL 58 IS 2 BP 407 EP 421 DI 10.1093/pasj/58.2.407 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 041XZ UT WOS:000237491800021 ER PT J AU Platais, I Wyse, RFG Zacharias, N AF Platais, I Wyse, RFG Zacharias, N TI Deep astrometric standards and Galactic structure SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE PROPER MOTIONS; CELESTIAL REFERENCE FRAME; CCD ASTROGRAPH CATALOG; WIYN OPEN CLUSTER; CANIS-MAJOR; MILKY-WAY; SKY SURVEY; SURVEY TELESCOPE; MOSAIC IMAGER; DWARF GALAXY AB The advent of next-generation imaging telescopes, such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope ( LSST) and the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS), has revitalized the need for deep and precise reference frames. The proposed weak-lensing observations with these facilities put the highest demands on image quality over wide angles on the sky. It is particularly difficult to achieve a subarcsecond point-spread function on stacked images, where precise astrometry plays a key role. Current astrometric standards are insufficient to achieve the science goals of these facilities. We thus propose the establishment of a few selected deep (V = 25) astrometric standards (DAS). These will enable a reliable geometric calibration of solid-state mosaic detectors in the focal plane of large ground-based telescopes, and will make a substantial contribution to our understanding of stellar populations in the Milky Way. In this paper we examine the need for such standards and discuss the strategy for selecting them and their acquisition and reduction techniques. The feasibility of DAS is demonstrated by a pilot study around the open cluster NGC 188, using the Kitt Peak National Observatory 4 m CCD Mosaic camera, and by Subaru Suprime-Cam observations. The goal of reaching an accuracy of 5 - 10 mas in positions and obtaining absolute proper motions good to 2 mas yr(-1) over a several square-degree area is challenging, but reachable with the NOAO 4 m telescopes and CCD mosaic imagers, or a similar setup. Our proposed DAS aims to establish four fields near the Galactic plane, at widely separated coordinates. In addition to their utilitarian purpose for DAS, the data we will obtain in these fields will enable fundamental Galactic science in their own right. The positions, proper motions, and VI photometry of faint stars will address outstanding questions of Galactic disk formation and evolution, stellar buildup, and mass assembly via merger events. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Platais, I (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM imants@pha.jhu.edu; wyse@pha.jhu.edu; nz@usno.navy.mil NR 78 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 118 IS 839 BP 107 EP 123 DI 10.1086/498072 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 003WE UT WOS:000234711700010 ER PT S AU Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Kim, CS Meyer, JR Nguyen, J Evans, AJ Yu, JS Darvish, SR Slivken, S Razeghi, M AF Bewley, W. W. Vurgaftman, I. Kim, C. S. Meyer, J. R. Nguyen, J. Evans, A. J. Yu, J. S. Darvish, S. R. Slivken, S. Razeghi, M. BE Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI High-power distributed-feedback quantum cascade lasers - art. no. 612704 SO Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices III CY JAN 23-26, 2006 CL San Jose, CA DE diode laser; quantum cascade laser; quantum well; mid-infrared ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; HIGH-DUTY-CYCLE; MU-M; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE AB Whereas high-power operation (> I W of cw output power at 200 K) has been demonstrated for quantum cascade lasers emitting at lambda = 4.7-6.2 mu m, those devices generally exhibited multiple longitudinal modes. Recently, a distributed-feedback quantum cascade laser operating in a single spectral mode at lambda approximate to 4.8 mu m and at temperatures up to 333 K has been reported. In the present work, we provide detailed measurements and modeling of its performance characteristics. The sidemode suppression ratio exceeds 25 dB, and the emission remains robustly single-mode at all currents and temperatures tested. Cw output powers of 99 mW at 298 K and 357 mW at 200 K are obtained at currents well below the thermal rollover point. The slope efficiency and subthreshold amplified spontaneous emission spectra are shown to be consistent with a coupling coefficient of no more than kappa L approximate to 4-5, which is substantially lower than the estimate of 9 based on the nominal grating fabrication parameters. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Slivken, Steven/B-7273-2009; Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6169-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6127 BP 12704 EP 12704 AR 612704 DI 10.1117/12.640087 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BEH60 UT WOS:000237277500004 ER PT S AU Aifer, EH Canedy, CL Tischler, JG Warner, JH Vurgaftman, I Bewley, WW Meyer, JR Jackson, EM Kim, JC Whitman, LW AF Aifer, E. H. Canedy, C. L. Tischler, J. G. Warner, J. H. Vurgaftman, I. Bewley, W. W. Meyer, J. R. Jackson, E. M. Kim, J. C. Whitman, L. W. BE Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI High quantum efficiency long-wave infrared photodiodes using W-structured type-II superlattices SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices III CY JAN 23-26, 2006 CL San Jose, CA DE type-II superlattice; strained layer superlattice; GaSb; III-V; IR detector; LWIR; photodiode ID WAVELENGTH AB Recent improvements in material quality and design have led to large improvements in the quantum efficiency (QE) of long-wave infrared (LWIR) photodiodes based on W-structured type-II superlattices (WSL), which now have achieved external QE of up to 35% on an 11.3 mu m cutoff photodiode operating at 80K. While single band and dual band WSLs have been demonstrated with cutoff wavelengths out to 17 mu m, the initial devices also showed significant losses of photo-excited carriers resulting in QE levels of :! 10%. Here we describe recent results in which these losses have been dramatically reduced by modifying the WSL barrier layers to increase the mini-band width and improve the material properties. An additional 35-55% increase in QE also resulted from the use of semi-transparent Te doped n-GaSb substrates that allowed for IR reflections off the backside from the Au plated chip carrier. A series of PIN photodiodes using the improved WSL, with intrinsic regions from I to 4 gm thick, were used to study minority carrier transport characteristics in the new structure. As a result of the improved design and material properties, the electron diffusion length in the undoped i-region, as determined from a theoretical fit to the thickness-dependent data, was 3.5 mu m, allowing for much higher collection efficiency in PIN photodiodes with intrinsic regions up to 4 mu m thick. C1 [Aifer, E. H.; Canedy, C. L.; Tischler, J. G.; Warner, J. H.; Vurgaftman, I.; Bewley, W. W.; Meyer, J. R.; Kim, J. C.; Whitman, L. W.] USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jackson, E. M.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Aifer, EH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr Manijeh Razeghi and her students at Northwestern University, and Dr Gerald Sullivan, Gernot Hildebrandt, and Dr. Mark Fields at Rockwell Scientific Co. for confirming several of the QE results in this paper. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6169-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6127 AR UNSP 61270T DI 10.1117/12.660711 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BEH60 UT WOS:000237277500020 ER PT S AU Klimchuk, JA Fuentes, MCL AF Klimchuk, J. A. Fuentes, M. C. Lopez BE Solomos, NH TI Coronal heating SO RECENT ADVANCES IN ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference of the Hellenic-Astronomical-Society CY SEP 08-11, 2006 CL Lixourion, GREECE SP Municipal Lixourion Pallis, Alexander S Onassis Fdn, Hellen Minist Tourism, Hellen Astron Soc, EUDOXOS Natl Observ Educ, Prefecture Kefallinia & Ithaki, Hellen Natl Comm Astron, Hellen Naval Acad DE hydrodynamics; magnetohydrodynamics and plasmas; solar physics; solar magnetism; corona; coronal loops; solar electromagnetic emission; transition region AB Coronal heating is one of the most challenging and important problems in astrophysics. We here review some of the critical aspects of the problem and suggest that the most likely explanation is Parker's long-standing idea of nanoflares occurring in magnetic fields that become tangled by photospheric convection. An exciting new development is the identification of the "secondary instability" as the likely mechanism of energy release. We also present some preliminary new results indicating that the rise, main, and decay phases of the soft X-ray light curves of observed coronal loops might be associated with the development, maintenance, and destruction of self-organized critical systems. C1 [Klimchuk, J. A.; Fuentes, M. C. Lopez] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Klimchuk, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305 FU NASA; U.S. Office of Naval Research FX I thank the meeting organizers and especially Eleni Dara for their kind hospitality. This work was supported by NASA and the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0343-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 848 BP 55 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFE04 UT WOS:000241381900004 ER PT S AU Qin, H Sasao, T Butler, JT AF Qin, Hui Sasao, Tsutomu Butler, Jon T. BE Bertels, K Cardoso, JMP Vassiliadis, S TI Implementation of LPM address generators on FPGAs SO RECONFIGURABLE COMPUTING: ARCHITECTURES AND APPLICATIONS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Reconfigurable Computing CY MAR 01-03, 2006 CL Delft Univ Technol, Delft, NETHERLANDS HO Delft Univ Technol AB We propose the multiple LUT cascade as a means to configure an n-input LPM (Longest Prefix Match) address generator commonly used in routers to determine the output port given an address. The LPM address generator accepts n-bit addresses which it matches against k stored prefixes. We implement our design on a Xilinx Spartan-3 FPGA for n = 32 and k = 504 similar to 511. Also, we compare our design to a Xilinx proprietary TCAM (ternary content-addressable memory) design and to another design we propose as a likely solution to this problem. Our best multiple LUT cascade implementation has 5.20 times more throughput, 31.71 times more throughput/area and is 2.89 times more efficient in terms of area-delay product than Xilinx's proprietary design. Furthermore, its area is only 19% of Xilinx's design. C1 Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Qin, H (reprint author), Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, 680-4,Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-36708-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3985 BP 170 EP 181 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEX74 UT WOS:000240036500024 ER PT S AU Rappazzo, AF Dahlburg, RB Einaudi, G Velli, M AF Rappazzo, A. F. Dahlburg, R. B. Einaudi, G. Velli, M. BE Buchner, J Deng, X TI Nonlinear interactions in coronal heating SO RECONNECTION AT SUN AND IN MAGNETOSPHERES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reconnection at Sun and in Magnetospheres held at the 35th COSPAR General Assembly CY JUL 19-20, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE coronal heating; magnetohydrodynamics; secondary instability; numerical simulations ID QUIET SOLAR CORONA; TURBULENCE; FIELDS AB The dynamics of the solar corona as well as its very existence are due to the dynamics of plasmas and magnetic fields which, at the global scales of coronal loops, prominences and helmet streamers may be described by magnetohydrodynamics. Here, we discuss the importance and role of nonlinear interactions in the heating of the solar corona, which relies on the transfer, storage and dissipation of the mechanical energy present in photospheric motion [Einaudi, G., Velli, M., Phys. Plasmas 6, 4146, 1999]. Nonlinear interactions including the coupling of coronal fields to the motions and emerging flux through the photosphere determine both the rate of heating and the topology of coronal magnetic fields. We present the first results of a 3D reduced MHD simulation that models the small-scale magnetic activity of coronal flux tubes. The equations are solved inside a box of dimensions l x l x L (axial direction), with an aspect ratio L/l of the order of 10. The box is initially threaded by a constant sinusoidal velocity field at one base (corresponding to one photospheric foot-point of the loop), of amplitude 1 km/s, (the axial Alfven speed is about 1000 km/s), whereas the other footpoint is anchored, i.e., no photospheric motions are present. In the transverse directions, periodicity is assumed. Our numerical calculations show that the magnetic field lines change their topology continuously and often reconnect at small scales, forming typical coronal loop-like structures. Energy release events which provide a steady supply of energy are associated with the reconnection. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartmento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Dahlburg, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rdahlbur@lcp.nrl.navy.mil RI Buechner, Joerg/B-1213-2009 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2006 VL 37 IS 7 BP 1335 EP 1341 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.12.015 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BES64 UT WOS:000239306100011 ER PT S AU Dahlburg, RB Klimchuk, JA Antiochos, SK AF Dahlburg, R. B. Klimchuk, J. A. Antiochos, S. K. BE Buchner, J Deng, X TI DC coronal heating and the nonlinear evolution of current sheets SO RECONNECTION AT SUN AND IN MAGNETOSPHERES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reconnection at Sun and in Magnetospheres held at the 35th COSPAR General Assembly CY JUL 19-20, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE cornoal heating; magnetohydrodynamics; turbulence; numerical simulations ID MAGNETIC NEUTRAL SHEETS; EVOLVING FIELDS; ENERGY-RELEASE; INSTABILITY; PINCH AB Recent theoretical developments have re-awakened interest in the role of electric current sheets in DC coronal heating [Parker. Astrophys. J. 330, 474, 1988; Priest et al. Astrophys. J. 576, 522, 2002]. Dahlburg et al. [Dahlburg et al. Adv. Space Res. 32, 1029, 2003; Dahlburg et al. Astrophys. J. 622, 1191, 2005] reported the existence of a "secondary instability" that could explain the required "switch-on" effect required for adequate energy storage. This ideal, three-dimensional instability also provided a straightforward explanation for the subsequent fast release of energy, as the rapid growth of the mode eventually results in a state of turbulent magnetic reconnection. Earlier studies of the secondary instability were limited to systems with relatively simple perturbations, viz., resistive stability eigenmodes. A current sheet in the Sun is likely to be subject to much more complex perturbations involving a waves of various wavelengths and amplitudes. We describe the evolution of three-dimensional electric current sheets disturbed by random 3D perturbations. We find that the significant characteristics of secondary instability are also observed in this case. The numerical results are compared to solar observations. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dahlburg, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6440, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rdahlbur@lcp.nrl.navy.mil RI Buechner, Joerg/B-1213-2009; Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012; Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305; Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2006 VL 37 IS 7 BP 1342 EP 1347 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.05.022 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BES64 UT WOS:000239306100012 ER PT J AU Eyzaguirre, L Saahv, MD Nadai, Y Gamatos, P Kovtunenko, NG Erasilova, IB Sanchez, JL Birx, D Earhart, KC Carr, JK AF Eyzaguirre, L. Saahv, M. D. Nadai, Y. Gamatos, P. Kovtunenko, N. G. Erasilova, I. B. Sanchez, J. L. Birx, D. L. Earhart, K. C. Carr, J. K. TI Genetic characterization of HIV-I strains circulating in Kazakhstan SO RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Eyzaguirre, L.; Nadai, Y.; Sanchez, J. L.; Birx, D. L.; Carr, J. K.] Adv Mil Med Inc, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. [Eyzaguirre, L.; Nadai, Y.; Sanchez, J. L.; Birx, D. L.; Carr, J. K.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. [Earhart, K. C.] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Kovtunenko, N. G.; Erasilova, I. B.] Natl AIDS Prevent Ctr, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1742-4690 J9 RETROVIROLOGY JI Retrovirology PY 2006 VL 3 SU 1 MA P18 PG 2 WC Virology SC Virology GA V52ZS UT WOS:000203582000127 ER PT J AU Johnson, J Brattebo, D Maranto, R Lansford, T AF Johnson, Jeremy Brattebo, Douglas Maranto, Robert Lansford, Tom BE Maranto, R Brattebo, DM Lansford, T TI Are Second Terms Second Best? Why George W. Bush Might (or Might Not) Beat the Expectations SO SECOND TERM OF GEORGE W. BUSH: PROSPECTS AND PERILS SE Evolving American Presidency LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Johnson, Jeremy] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Brattebo, Douglas] Inst Educ Leadership Inc, Washington, DC USA. [Brattebo, Douglas] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Maranto, Robert] Villanova Univ, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Maranto, Robert] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Lansford, Tom] Univ So Mississippi, Coll Arts & Letters, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Johnson, J (reprint author), Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-40398-441-8 J9 EVOL AM PRESID PY 2006 BP 3 EP 19 D2 10.1057/9781403984418 PG 17 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BQT06 UT WOS:000281771600002 ER PT B AU Levin, TE Irvine, CE Nguyen, TD AF Levin, Timothy E. Irvine, Cynthia E. Nguyen, Thuy D. GP INSTICC TI Least privilege in separation kernels SO SECRYPT 2006: Proceedings of the International Conference on Security and Cryptography LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Security and Cryptography CY AUG 07-09, 2006 CL Setubal Coll Business Adm, Setubal, PORTUGAL SP Inst Syst & Technol Informat Control & Commun, Polytech Inst Setubal, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Int Assoc Cryptol Res HO Setubal Coll Business Adm DE assurance; computer security; least privilege; separation kernel AB We extend the separation kernel abstraction to represent the enforcement of the principle of least privilege. In addition to the inter-block flow control policy prescribed by the traditional separation kernel paradigm, we describe an orthogonal, finer-grained flow control policy by extending the protection of elements to subjects and resources, as well as blocks, within a partitioned system. We show how least privilege applied to the actions of subjects provides enhanced protection for secure systems. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Levin, TE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INSTICC-INST SYST TECHNOLOGIES INFORMATION CONTROL & COMMUNICATION PI SETUBAL PA AVENIDA D MANUEL L, 27A 2 ESQUERDO, SETUBAL, 2910-595, PORTUGAL BN 972-8865-63-5 PY 2006 BP 355 EP 362 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFH83 UT WOS:000241938000056 ER PT S AU Nguyen, TD Irvine, CE AF Nguyen, Thuy D. Irvine, Cynthia E. BE FischerHubner, S Rannenberg, K Yngstrom, L Lindskog, S TI Utilizing the Common Criteria for advanced student research projects SO SECURITY AND PRIVACY IN DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENTS SE International Federation for Information Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Information Security Conference (SEC 2006) CY MAY 22-24, 2006 CL Karlstad, SWEDEN SP IFIP TC 11, Karlstad Univ, SIG Secur, Dataforeningen Sverige, Microsoft AB, Karlstads kommun, SAAB AB, TietoEnator AB In most computer science graduate programs, students must complete an advanced research project that demonstrates the students technical competence in both the theory and practice of the field. Information security is a specialization area of computer science whose research results have direct benefits to real world problems. The Common Criteria (CC) is an international standard for security evaluation of products. This paper describes the utilization of the CC paradigmatic framework for advanced student research projects focused on security engineering. Three CC-based efforts of varying levels of difficulty are presented and the suitability and benefits of applying the CC in this context are discussed. C1 [Nguyen, Thuy D.; Irvine, Cynthia E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nguyen, TD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tdnguyen@nps.edu; irvine@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research; National Reconnaissance Office; SPAWAR FX This work was sponsored in part by the Office of Naval Research, National Reconnaissance Office, and SPAWAR PMW-160. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsoring organizations. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1571-5736 BN 0-387-33405-X J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2006 VL 201 BP 317 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEI45 UT WOS:000237334600027 ER PT S AU Cone, BD Thompson, MF Irvine, CE Nguyen, TD AF Cone, Benjamin D. Thompson, Michael F. Irvine, Cynthia E. Nguyen, Thuy D. BE FischerHubner, S Rannenberg, K Yngstrom, L Lindskog, S TI Cyber security training and awareness through game play SO SECURITY AND PRIVACY IN DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENTS SE International Federation for Information Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Information Security Conference (SEC 2006) CY MAY 22-24, 2006 CL Karlstad, SWEDEN SP IFIP TC 11, Karlstad Univ, SIG Secur, Dataforeningen Sverige, Microsoft AB, Karlstads kommun, SAAB AB, TietoEnator AB Although many of the concepts included in staff cyber-security awareness training are universal, such training often must be tailored to address the policies and requirements of a particular organization. In addition, many forms of training fail because they are rote and do not require users to think about and apply security concepts. A flexible, highly interactive video game, CyberCIEGE, is described as a security awareness tool that can support organizational security training objectives while engaging typical users in an engaging security adventure. C1 [Cone, Benjamin D.; Thompson, Michael F.; Irvine, Cynthia E.; Nguyen, Thuy D.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cone, BD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bdcone@nps.edu; mfthomps@nps.edu; irvine@nps.edu; tdnguyen@nps.edu NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1571-5736 BN 0-387-33405-X J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2006 VL 201 BP 431 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEI45 UT WOS:000237334600037 ER PT B AU Frosch, RA AF Frosch, Robert A. BE Auerswald, PE Branscomb, LM LaPorte, TM MichelKerjan, EO TI NOTES TOWARD A THEORY OF THE MANAGEMENT OF VULNERABILITY SO SEEDS OF DISASTER, ROOTS OF RESPONSE: HOW PRIVATE ACTION CAN REDUCE PUBLIC VULNERABILITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frosch, Robert A.] Harvard Univ, John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Frosch, Robert A.] USN, Res & Dev, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Frosch, Robert A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Frosch, Robert A.] NASA, Washington, DC USA. RP Frosch, RA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-68572-6 PY 2006 BP 77 EP 98 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511509735.009 D2 10.2277/ 0521685729 PG 22 WC Management; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA BYD26 UT WOS:000298092400009 ER PT S AU McDowell, LK Cafarella, M AF McDowell, Luke K. Cafarella, Michael BE Cruz, I Decker, S Allemang, D Preist, C Schwabe, D Mika, P Uschold, M Aroyo, L TI Ontology-driven information extraction with OntoSyphon SO SEMANTIC WEB - ISEC 2006, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2006) CY NOV 05-09, 2006 CL Athens, GA SP Data, Informat, & Process Integrat Semant Web Serv, Semant Utilised Proc Management Enterprides, Ontotext, Vulcan, Aduna, Elsevier, Microsoft Live Labs, NeOn, Nepomuk, Nokia, Journal Web Semant, Ontoprise, SEKT, TopQuadrant, LSDIS, Saltlux ID WEB AB The Semantic Web's need for machine understandable content has led researchers to attempt to automatically acquire such content from a number of sources, including the web. To date, such research has focused on "document-driven" systems that individually process a small set of documents, annotating each with respect to a given ontology. This paper introduces OntoSyphon, an alternative that strives to more fully leverage existing ontological content while scaling to extract comparatively shallow content from millions of documents. OntoSyphon operates in an "ontology-driven" manner: taking any ontology as input, OntoSyphon uses the ontology to specify web searches that identify possible semantic instances, relations, and taxonomic information. Redundancy in the web, together with information from the ontology, is then used to automatically verify these candidate instances and relations, enabling OntoSyphon to operate in a fully automated, unsupervised manner. A prototype of OntoSyphon is fully implemented and we present experimental results that demonstrate substantial instance learning in a variety of domains based on independently constructed ontologies. We also introduce new methods for improving instance verification, and demonstrate that they improve upon previously known techniques. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP McDowell, LK (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM lmcdowel@usna.edu; mjc@cs.washington.edu NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-49029-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 4273 BP 428 EP 444 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFN00 UT WOS:000243131100031 ER PT S AU Freeman, D AF Freeman, Douglas BE Carapezza, EM TI C3I standards for payload weaponry - art. no. 620115 SO Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31)Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Secuity and Homeland Defense V CY APR 17-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE weapon; standards; payload; unmanned AB Report progress of Payload Weaponry standards within the Joint Architecture for Unmanned Systems Weapons Payload Subcommittee. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Panama City, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Freeman, D (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Panama City, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6257-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6201 BP 20115 EP 20115 AR 620115 DI 10.1117/12.669783 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BER22 UT WOS:000239007800035 ER PT S AU Ladner, R Warner, E Petry, F Gupta, KM Moore, P Aha, DW Shaw, K AF Ladner, Roy Warner, Elizabeth Petry, Fred Gupta, Kalyan Moy Moore, Philip Aha, David W. Shaw, Kevin BE Carapezza, EM TI Case-based classification alternatives to ontologies for automated web service discovery and integration - art. no. 620117 SO Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31)Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Secuity and Homeland Defense V CY APR 17-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE web services; ontology; case-based classification; MetOc; service oriented architecture; automated web; semantic web AB Web Services are becoming the standard technology used to share data for many Navy and other DoD operations. Since Web Services technologies provide for discoverable, self-describing services that conform to common standards, this paradigm holds the promise of an automated capability to obtain and integrate data. However, automated integration of applications to access and retrieve data from heterogeneous sources in a distributed system such as the Internet poses many difficulties. Assimilation of data from Web-based sources means that differences in schema and terminology prevent simple querying and retrieval of data. Thus, machine understanding of the Web Services interface is necessary for automated selection and invocation of the correct service. Service availability is also an issue that needs to be resolved. There have been many advances on ontologies to help resolve these difficulties to support the goal of sharing knowledge for various domains of interest. In this paper we examine the use of case-based classification as an alternative/supplement to using ontologies for resolving several questions related to knowledge sharing. While ontologies encompass a formal definition of a domain of interest, case-based reasoning is a problem solving methodology that retrieves and reuses decisions from stored cases to solve new problems, and case-based classification involves applying this methodology to classification tasks. Our approach generalizes well in sparse data, which characterizes our Web Services application. We present our study as it relates to our work on development of the Advanced MetOc Broker, whose objective is the automated application integration of meteorological and oceanographic (MetOc) Web Services. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Ladner, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Petry, Frederick/F-9894-2010 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6257-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6201 BP 20117 EP 20117 AR 620117 DI 10.1117/12.663327 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BER22 UT WOS:000239007800037 ER PT S AU Blackmon, F Pollock, J AF Blackmon, F. Pollock, J. BE Carapezza, EM TI Blue Rose perimeter defense and security system - art. no. 620123 SO Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31)Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Secuity and Homeland Defense V CY APR 17-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE fiber-optic; Rayleigh optical scattering; perimeter defense; homeland security AB An in-ground perimeter security system has been developed by the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport based upon fiber optic sensor technology. The system, called Blue Rose, exploits the physical phenomenon of Rayleigh optical scattering, which occurs naturally in optical fibers used traditionally for Optical Time Domain Reflectometry techniques to detect sound and vibration transmitted by intruders such as people walking or running and moving vehicles near the sensor. The actual sensor is a single-mode optical fiber with an elastomeric coating that is buried in the ground. A long coherence length laser is used to transmit encoded light down the fiber. Minute changes in the fiber in response to the intrusion produce phase changes to the returning backscattered light signal. The return light signal contains both the actual intrusion sound and the location information of where along the fiber the intrusion has occurred. A digital, inground, Blue Rose system has been built and is now operational at NUWC. Due to the low cost of the optical fiber sensor and unique benefits of the system, the Blue Rose system provides an advantage in long perimeter or border security applications and also reduces security manning requirements and therefore overall cost for security. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Blackmon, F (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6257-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6201 BP 20123 EP 20123 AR 620123 DI 10.1117/12.664409 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BER22 UT WOS:000239007800062 ER PT S AU Moses, A Obenschain, K Boris, J AF Moses, Adam Obenschain, Keith Boris, Jay BE Carapezza, EM TI Using CT-Analyst (R) as an integrated tool for CBR analysis - art. no. 62010V SO Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31)Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Secuity and Homeland Defense V CY APR 17-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE CT-Analyst; sensor integration; CBR; plume Modeling; fluid dynamics; emergency response AB Modern information systems that are designed to plan for and respond to Chemical, Biological, and Radiological (CBR) attacks are now attempting to include airborne contaminant plume models in their application package. These plume models are a necessary component for the emergency personnel responding to an actual event and to those charged with developing an effective response plan in advance. The capabilities to create a variety of CBR-event scenarios quickly, to determine possible contaminant agent release locations from reports and sensor data, and to predict the path of a plume before it gets there, are functions that many involved in the military and homeland security will find beneficial. For this reason CT-Analyst's ability to generate accurate, time-dependant plumes that can be rendered much faster than real-time and can be adjusted and modified on the screen, is an incredible asset to developers of these civil defense systems. The value of the fast, accurate CT-Analyst computer models for complex urban terrain is greatly increased when the capabilities can be imported into platforms users and developers are already taking advantage of CT-Analyst's strengths can now be accessed through other applications, GIS tools, and development environments. This process will be described to show how this is possible, to which systems it can be applied, and what benefits can result. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moses, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Code 6400, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6257-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6201 BP V2010 EP V2010 AR 62010V DI 10.1117/12.666122 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BER22 UT WOS:000239007800026 ER PT S AU Drusinsky, D Shing, MT Demir, KA AF Drusinsky, Doron Shing, Man-Tak Demir, Kadir Alpaslan GP IEEE TI Creation and validation of embedded assertion statecharts SO SEVENTEENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID SYSTEM PROTOTYPING SE IEEE International Symposium on Rapid System Prototyping LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Workshop on Rapid System Prototyping CY JUN 14-16, 2006 CL Tech Univ Crete, Khania, GREECE SP IEEE Comp Soc, TC Simulat, IEEE Comp Soc, TC Design Automat HO Tech Univ Crete AB This paper addresses the need to integrate formal assertions into the modeling, implementation, and testing of statechart based designs. The paper describes an iterative process for the development and verification of statechart prototype models augmented with statechart assertions using the StateRover tool. The novel aspects of the proposed process include (1) writing formal specifications using statechart assertions, (2) JUnit-based simulation and validation of statechart assertions, (3) JUnit-based simulation and testing of statechart prototype models augmented with statechart assertions, (4) automatic, JUnitbased, white-box testing of statechart prototypes augmented with statechart assertions, and (5) spiral adjustment of model and specification using the test results. We demonstrate the proposed process with a prototype of a safety-critical computer assisted resuscitation algorithm (CARA) software for a casualty intravenous fluid infusion pump. C1 [Drusinsky, Doron; Shing, Man-Tak; Demir, Kadir Alpaslan] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Drusinsky, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ddrusins@nps.edu; shing@nps.edu; kdemir@nps.edu FU U.S. Missile Defense Agency FX The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their very helpful comments. The research reported in this article was funded in part by a grant from the U.S. Missile Defense Agency. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright annotations thereon. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1074-6005 BN 0-7695-2580-6 J9 P IEEE RAP SYST PROT PY 2006 BP 17 EP + DI 10.1109/RSP.2006.12 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BEQ53 UT WOS:000238915800003 ER PT S AU Vignola, JF Judge, JA Lawrence, E Jarzynskia, J Houston, B AF Vignola, Joseph F. Judge, John A. Lawrence, Eric Jarzynskia, Jacek Houston, Brian BE Tomasini, EP TI Analytic and laser vibrometry study of squeeze film damping of MEMS cantilevers - art. no. 63451C SO Seventh International Conference on Vibration Measurements by Laser Techniques: Advances and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Vibration Measurements by Laser Techniques CY JUN 19-22, 2006 CL Ancona, ITALY SP Italian Assoc Laser Velcimetry & Non Invas Diagnost, Univ Politecn March Dipt Meccan DE squeeze film damping; MEMS cantilevers; mass sensing ID OSCILLATORS; RESONATORS AB This study compares theoretical predictions to experimental measurements of squeeze film damping of MEMS cantilevers in a fluid environment. A series of MEMS cantilevers were fabricated on a silicon wafer. Each of the silicon beams was 2 mu m thick and 18 mu m wide. The lengths range from 100 to 800 mu m and the air-filled gap between the cantilever and the substrate was 6 mu m. An analytic model for squeeze film damping was used to predict the corresponding quality factor Q(sqeeze film) (the ratio of the mechanical energy stored in the oscillator to the energy dissipated per cycle) for these cantilevers. The results from the modeling are compared to experimental results obtained using a Polytec MSA-400 Micro System Analyzer(1). C1 USN, Res Lab, Phys Acoust Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vignola, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Phys Acoust Branch, Code 7136,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Judge, John/D-1429-2015 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6421-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6345 BP C3451 EP C3451 AR 63451C DI 10.1117/12.693065 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BEX17 UT WOS:000239926800048 ER PT J AU Dong, F Hall, CH Golech, SA Philbin, NB Rice, JP Gurney, J Arnaud, FG Hammett, M Ma, X Flournoy, WS Hong, J Kaplan, LJ Pearce, LB McGwin, G Ahlers, S McCarron, R Freilich, D AF Dong, F Hall, CH Golech, SA Philbin, NB Rice, JP Gurney, J Arnaud, FG Hammett, M Ma, X Flournoy, WS Hong, J Kaplan, LJ Pearce, LB McGwin, G Ahlers, S McCarron, R Freilich, D TI Immune effects of resuscitation with HBOC-201, a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, in swine with moderately severe hemorrhagic shock from controlled hemorrhage SO SHOCK LA English DT Article DE HBOC-201; Hextend; resuscitation; immunology; apoptosis; flow cytometry; ELISA; cytokines ID MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE; TISSUE OXYGENATION; DELAYED EVACUATION; IMPROVES SURVIVAL; BLOOD SUBSTITUTE; HETASTARCH HEX; LIVER-INJURY; MODEL; TRAUMA; INTERLEUKIN-10 AB HBOC-201, a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, improved physiologic parameters and survival in hemorrhagic shock (HS) animal models. However, resuscitation from HS and the properties of different fluids influence immune responses. The aim of this study was to determine if HBOC-201 significantly alters immune function in traumatic HS. Anesthetized pigs underwent soft tissue injury, controlled hemorrhage of 40% of blood volume, and resuscitation with HBOC-201 or Hextend, or no resuscitation. Sequential whole-blood samples were collected for analyses of leukocyte differential (hematology analyzer), T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3(+), CD4(+), and CD8(+)) (FACS), lymphocyte adhesion marker CD49d (alpha(4)-integrin) expression (FAGS), plasma cytokines-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10-(ELISA), and lymphocyte apoptosis (annexin-V/propidium iodide staining) (FACS). Statistical analyses were performed by the mixed procedure. Total WBC counts decreased posthemorrhage in both resuscitation groups. Lymphocyte percentages decreased and PMN percentages increased around 4 h posthemorrhage in all groups. CD3 cells decreased in all groups, but CD4 and CD8 cells decreased only in the resuscitation groups. TNF-alpha levels were not detectable in any groups. IL-6 levels were similar across treatment groups (P > 0.05); however, IL-10 levels were higher in the HBOC group, as early as 1 h posthemorrhage (P= 0.04). Increases in lymphocytic CD49d expression levels and apoptosis occurred only in nonresuscitation and Hextend groups, respectively (P <= 0.01). In comparison with Hextend, HBOC-201 had no significant adverse or beneficial effects on immune function in this model of moderately severe HS in swine, suggesting that it may be safe as a resuscitation fluid in HS patients. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, RMD Hematomimet Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. Biopure Corp, Cambridge, MA USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Hall, CH (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, RMD Hematomimet Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM hallc@nmrc.navy.mil NR 33 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PD JAN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 1 BP 50 EP 55 DI 10.1097/01.shk.0000187982.56030.94 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 000OP UT WOS:000234472000009 PM 16369186 ER PT S AU Lee, RJ Mock, W Carney, JR How, WH Pangilinan, GI Gamache, RM Boteler, JM Bohl, DG Drotar, J Lawrence, GW AF Lee, R. J. Mock, W., Jr. Carney, J. R. How, W. H. Pangilinan, G. I. Gamache, R. M. Boteler, J. M. Bohl, D. G. Drotar, J. Lawrence, G. W. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Reactive materials studies SO Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE reactive materials; PTFE/Al; time-resolved spectroscopy; framing camera; impact ignition; direct impact; indirect impact; two-step impact ID EMISSION-SPECTRA; ALUMINUM; CF4 AB Three experimental techniques have been used to investigate the impact ignition of reactive materials. The three techniques are direct impact, indirect impact and two-step impact. For the first two techniques, time-resolved light spectroscopy was used to identify reaction species from solid PTFE/Al reactive material. A common observation for these two techniques is that heating and some reaction was observed during initial impact of the PTFE/Al reactive material but the majority of the reaction appeared to occur following material breakup and subsequent impact with a secondary surface. There was no spectral evidence for aluminum-fluorine combustion. For the two-step impact technique, the reactive material was initially pulverized as it passed through a thin plate and then subsequently ignited when the debris cloud impacted a rigid anvil. All three experiments were observed with high-speed photography. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Lee, RJ (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 169 EP 174 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600037 ER PT S AU Zerilli, FJ Kuklja, MM AF Zerilli, Frank J. Kuklja, Maija M. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Equation of state of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene from first principles SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2005, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE ab-initio calculations; equation of state; Hartree-Fock; DFT; organic molecular crystal AB We report calculations of the full equation of state for the explosive FOX-7 that give results which compare well with experimental data reported by Peiris and colleagues. The mechanical compression curve was calculated with CRYSTAL98 using the Hartree-Fock method, and the thermal contribution to the free energy was calculated from the phonon frequency spectrum obtained with density functional theory (DFT) in the local density approximation (LDA) with the code ABINIT. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Zerilli, FJ (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM zerillifj@ih.navy.mil NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 183 EP 186 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600040 ER PT S AU Mowrey, RC Elert, ML White, CT AF Mowrey, R. C. Elert, M. L. White, C. T. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Quantum dynamics of energy transfer under shock conditions SO Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE quantum dynamics; vibrational excitation; collisional energy transfer ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AB Classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of shocks in molecular solids predict rapid excitation of bond motion indicating efficient translational to vibrational coupling. The validity of the MD description of collisional energy transfer near shock fronts has not been carefully tested. The probability of vibrational excitation under shock conditions is explored in two-dimensional quantum mechanical (QM) simulations of H-2 colliding with a stationary wall. The dynamics of the system is determined using QM time-dependent wave packet methods. The intra- and inter-molecular interactions are described using nearest-neighbor potentials. Predicted vibrational excitation probabilities as a function of collision energy and for various interaction potentials are presented. This model will be extended to a molecular lattice consisting of dime collinear diatomic molecules and a stationary wall which will allow the possibility of multiple collisions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mowrey, RC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 409 EP 412 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600093 ER PT S AU Richmond, CT AF Richmond, Clinton T. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Modeling the asymmetric burning of ultrafine particles SO Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE asymmetric burning; combustion; reactive metals; ultrafine particles AB A model has been developed that account for asymmetric burning effects due to oxide caps or other substances on the surface of an ultrafine particle. The model accounts for deviations from the "D-2 law" attributed to asymmetrical burning effects that are observed experimentally. In addition, solutions to Shvab-Zeldovich differential equations of diffusion for energy and for mass fractions of chemical reacting species were calculated. As a result, the diffusion of aluminum in air from asymmetric burning deviated from symmetrical burning; including a shifting of the flame position in steady flow conditions. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Richmond, CT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 495 EP 498 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600113 ER PT S AU Guirguis, RH Joshi, VS AF Guirguis, R. H. Joshi, V. S. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI An ignition model for liquid-solid powder hypergolic reactions SO Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE ignition models; thermal explosion theory; hypergolic reactions; explosives AB The thermal explosion theory is reformulated to describe a new technique for igniting explosives by rubblizing a small volume and adding a hypergolic liquid. Simple tools to quantitatively predict ignition or reaction failure were derived and then used to calculate the amount of hypergolic liquid needed for successful ignition in terms of the constitutive properties of the materials involved and characteristics of the system. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Guirguis, RH (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 519 EP 522 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600119 ER PT S AU Holt, WH Mock, W Armstrong, RW AF Holt, William H. Mock, Willis, Jr. Armstrong, Ronald W. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Crystal structure effects on surface fractures of impacted superalloy cubes SO Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE impact fracture; superalloy; polycrystalline; unidirectionally solidified; gas gun AB Cubes (9.5 mm on edge) of polycrystalline and unidirectionally solidified forms of a nickel-based superalloy (62.5% Ni) were impacted in vacuum at 761 m/sec and 746 m/sec, respectively, by gas-gun-accelerated 3.18 mm-thick disks of 7075-T6 aluminum. Visible fractures on the cubes were primarily associated with the impacted surfaces. The polycrystalline cube showed an irregular pattern of many open cracks; the residual compression along the direction of impact is 3.3%. The unidirectionally solidified single crystal cube (impacted on a face normal to the < 100 > direction) showed only minor cracks near the center of the cube face, extending to the centers of the face edges; the residual compression is 6.2%. The results are discussed in terms of the obstacle nature of grain boundaries and local stress buildup for cracking, along with the otherwise seemingly contrary result of lower polycrystal ductility relative to that observed for the undirectionally solidified single crystal material. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Holt, WH (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 631 EP 633 PN 1&2 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600146 ER PT S AU Carney, JR Miller, JS Gump, JC Pangilinan, GI AF Carney, Joel R. Miller, J. Scott Gump, Jared C. Pangilinan, G. I. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Atmospheric effects on the combustion of detonating aluminized explosives SO Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE spectroscopy; detonation; combustion; aluminum ID PARTICLES AB The detonation and subsequent combustion of aluminized explosive formulations depend heavily on the oxidation reactions of aluminum. Fuel-rich formulations require oxygen from an external source (nominally an oxygen-containing atmosphere or detonation products) to bum the fuel to completion. Dynamic spectroscopic measurements are made for an aluminized explosive (PBXIH-135) to investigate the effect of changing atmospheres on the combustion properties of aluminum. The explosive formulation is tested under normal atmospheric conditions and in an atmosphere of nitrogen. Light emission (from 350-550 run) from the explosive event is collected in a spectrometer and dispersed temporally in a streak camera. Aluminum emission (centered at 396 nm) is commonly observed in each atmosphere although the emission persists longer in nitrogen. Aluminum nitride (AIN) is observed as an intermediate in the oxidation of aluminum when oxygen is removed from the atmosphere. New, nitrogen-containing species (near 387 and 418 mn) also arise in the nitrogen atmosphere experiments. A slower, less intense aluminum monoxide (AlO) emission observed in the nitrogen atmosphere may correspond to the slower oxidation reactions of aluminum and detonation products (CO2 and H2O). The peak assignments and global kinetics of each species are presented and the implications of these results on atmospheric effects are discussed. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Carney, JR (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 948 EP 951 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600222 ER PT S AU Cart, EJ Granholm, RH Joshi, VS Sandusky, HW Lee, RJ AF Cart, E. J. Granholm, R. H. Joshi, V. S. Sandusky, H. W. Lee, R. J. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Measurement of ignition and reaction parameters in non-ideal energetic materials SO Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE non-ideal explosives; Hopkinson bar; small-scale; ignition and growth models AB Two small-scale tests were performed to measure ignition and reaction parameters in non-ideal energetic materials. Hydrocode modeling underway will determine the effectiveness of this approach. The time to reaction and the ignition conditions are derived from the newly developed hybrid Hopkinson bar experiments, whereas the growth criteria are based on the recently developed small-scale shock reactivity test (SSRT). The hybrid Hopkinson bar test simultaneously measures the mechanical behavior and ignition conditions of explosives. The reactivity test measures the potential of a material to be an explosive regardless of its sensitivity, thus avoiding the problem of scale, inherent in most small-scale explosive tests. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Cart, EJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 1045 EP 1048 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600245 ER PT S AU Gump, JC Peiris, SM AF Gump, Jared C. Peiris, Suhithi M. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Comparison of reaction kinetics of I-RDX (R) and RDX at high pressure SO Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE RDX; kinetics; spectroscopy; gem anvil cell ID CHEMISTRY AB Reactions and kinetics of the new less-sensitive form of RDX developed by Eurenco (known as I-RDX (R)) need to be compared to standard RDX, especially at shock pressures and temperatures. To evaluate the effect of pressure samples of I-RDX (R) and standard RDX were compressed to various static pressures in anvil cells. To evaluate the effect of temperature samples were initiated with different fluences of a 5ns pulsed Nd:YAd laser. As a measure of global reaction rate, changes in transmittance through the samples were monitored during reaction. Both RDX and IRDX (R) were initially transparent under pressure, becoming opaque soon after initiation and then clear as the final gaseous products are formed. A comparison of the global reaction times obtained under various pressure and fluence conditions for I-RDX (R) and RDX samples are presented. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Gump, JC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 1069 EP 1072 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600251 ER PT S AU Mock, W Holt, WH AF Mock, Willis, Jr. Holt, William H. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Impact initiation of rods of pressed polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and aluminum powders SO Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE PTFE/Al; PTFE; shock initiation; gas gun; initiation threshold; framing camera AB A gas gun has been used to investigate the shock initiation of rods of a mixture of 74 wt% PTFE and 26 wt% aluminum powders. The rods were sabot-launched into 4340 steel anvils at impact velocities ranging from 104 to 963 m/s. A framing camera was used to observe the time sequence of events. At low velocity, no initiation occurred. Above an initiation threshold, the initiation time dropped abruptly from 56 mu s just above threshold to 4 mu s at the highest impact velocity. Several high velocity experiments were performed for pure PTFE material for comparison with the PTFE/Al rods. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Mock, W (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 1097 EP 1100 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600258 ER PT S AU Wong, CP Gump, JC AF Wong, Chak P. Gump, Jared C. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Vibrational spectroscopic studies of reduced-sensitivity RDX under static compression SO Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE vibrational spectroscopy; RDX; Raman; IR ID SHOCK SENSITIVITY AB Explosive formulations with reduced-sensitivity RDX showed reduced shock sensitivity using Naval Ordnance Laboratory (NOL) Large Scale Gap Test, compared with similar formulations using standard RDX. Molecular processes responsible for the reduction of sensitivity are unknown and are crucial for formulation development. Vibrational spectroscopy at static high pressure may shed light on the mechanisms responsible for the reduced shock sensitivity as shown by the NOL Large Scale Gap Test. I-RDX (R), a form of reduced-sensitivity RDX was subjected to static compression at ambient temperature in a Merrill-Bassett sapphire cell from ambient to about 6 GPa. The spectroscopic techniques used were Raman and Fourier-Transform IR (FTIR). The pressure dependence of the Raman mode frequencies of I-RDX (R) was determined and compared with that of standard RDX. The behavior of I-RDX (R) near the pressure at which standard RDX, at ambient temperature, undergoes a phase transition from the alpha to the gamma polymorph is presented. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Wong, CP (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 1131 EP 1134 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600266 ER PT S AU Monat, JE Carney, JR Whitley, VH Pangilinan, GI AF Monat, J. E. Carney, J. R. Whitley, V. H. Pangilinan, G. I. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Temporal profiles of explosively-generated pressures in solids measured by an optical fiber-based gauge SO Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE pressure; shock; optical fiber; laser; refractive index AB A new gauge is being developed and calibrated to measure pressures generated from explosives as a function of time in solids where traditional gauges are not applicable. A laser-pumped optical fiber-based gauge was embedded in Modified Gap Test cylinders. The gauge responded to pressure and showed other features likely due to additional interfaces beyond the fiber tip, including the shock front. Since the temporal profile of the pressure is not well known, hydrocode and ray-tracing modeling are being used to understand the results. The gauge shows promise for time -resolving explosively -generated shock pressures in solids. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Monat, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 1199 EP 1202 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600282 ER PT S AU Ames, RG AF Ames, Richard G. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Limitations of the Hopkinson pressure bar for high-frequency measurements SO Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE Hopkinson pressure bar; frequency response; high-strain rate; dispersion AB The Hopkinson Pressure Bar is a measurement tool that has been used for a variety of applications, including measurement of high-strain-rate loads in material test specimens, characterization of blast fields produced by high explosives, and impulse measurements for a variety of ballistic test specimens. The technique is generally used for integrated measurements, including impulse or total strain energy. However, the Hopkinson Pressure Bar has also been used to measure the time-history of a variety of dynamic loads. The limitations on this type of measurement are strict however, and generally require bars of extremely small diameter for most measurements of practical interest. In particular, dynamic loads with significant energy in the higher frequencies can become severely distorted as they are propagated down the bar. This paper provides a review of the relevant theory behind the Hopkinson Pressure Bar technique and derives a relationship that provides a practical limitation on the use of the technique for high-frequency measurements. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Ames, RG (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Code G22,Bldg 221,17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 1233 EP 1236 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600290 ER PT S AU Whitley, VH AF Whitley, Von H. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Optical absorption measurements of RDX SO Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE optical absorption; RDX ID CYCLIC POLYNITRAMINES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-CRYSTALS AB Optical absorption measurements on a variety of RDX samples in the 1.38-6.2 eV (200-900nm) wavelength range were undertaken to determine the sample-to-sample variations present in as-received samples. Samples were also annealed at elevated temperatures and subjected to pressures as high as 20 GPa to determine the effects of temperature and pressure on the optical absorption spectra. A sample-to-sample variation in the optical absorption of as-received samples was found, with the onset of strong absorption occurring at between 3.6eV (345mn) to 4.1eV (280nm). Subjecting RDX to pressures of 0.3-16GPa lowered the onset of strong absorption at 4.1 eV and produced a weak absorption throughout the visible region. Annealing RDX at temperatures of 383 K increased the measured absorption throughout the UV and visible peaking at similar to 3.4 eV (360nm). C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare Indian Head, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Whitley, VH (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare Indian Head, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 1357 EP 1360 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600319 ER PT S AU Joshi, VS Carney, TC AF Joshi, Vasant S. Carney, Theodore C. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Modeling of bullet penetration in explosively welded composite armor plate SO Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE penetration; explosive welding; simulation AB Normal impact of high-speed armor piercing bullet on titanium-steel composite has been investigated using smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code. The objective is to understand the effects of impact during the ballistic testing of explosively welded armor plates. These plates have significant microstructural differences within the weld region, heat-affected zone and the base metal. The variances result in substantial ductility, hardness and strength differences, important criteria in determining the failure mode, specifically whether it occurs at the joint or within the virgin base metal. Several configurations of composite plates with different material combinations were modeled. The results were used to modify the heat treatment process of explosively welded plates, making them more likely to survive impact. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Joshi, VS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 1387 EP 1390 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600326 ER PT S AU Jouet, RJ Granholm, RH Sandusky, HW Warren, AD AF Jouet, R. Jason Granholm, Richard H. Sandusky, Harold W. Warren, Andrea D. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Preparation and shock reactivity analysis of novel perfluoroalkyl-coated aluminum nanocomposites SO Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE aluminum composite; nanoparticles; passivation; shock reactivity AB Passivation of unpassivated aluminum. nanoparticles using C13F27COOH with materials containing 32.95% Al is reported. Characterization, including SEM, TGA, and ATR-FTIR, indicate that C13F27COOH binds to the Al particle protecting the surface from oxidation. Small Scale Shock Reactivity Test (SSRT) results of the Al-C13F27COOH material formulated with HMX with and without HTPB binder are presented. The results for the non-HTPB-filled tests indicate a prompt reaction producing a dent 98.3% of that of similarly formulated mu m-size Al. A larger dent was observed for a binder-filled sample containing HMX, Al-C13F27COOH and HTPB than for a comparable sample containing mu m-Al. These results are significant in that the mu m-size Al particles are approximately 99.7% active Al whereas the Al-C13F27COOH material contains only 32.95% active Al. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Jouet, RJ (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 1527 EP 1530 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600358 ER PT J AU Jackson, RK AF Jackson, Russell K. TI Pulses in nonlinearly coupled Schrodinger equations I. A homoclinic flip bifurcation SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE homoclinic bifurcation; standing waves; N-pulses; linearization; degeneracy; cusp horseshoe ID OPTICAL SOLITONS; STABILITY; WAVES AB In this work, we describe a new mechanism for the generation of multipulse solutions in a class of nonlinearly coupled Schrodinger equations. Many novel pulses have been observed in such systems both numerically and experimentally, but, until now, an understanding of their origins has been lacking. The particular bifurcation studied here is spurred by the passage through degeneracy of a one-component pulse in orbit-flip configuration. We provide a straightforward geometric analysis, demonstrating the production not only of a multicomponent 1-pulse nearby the original one-component pulse, but also of an entire family of alternating N-pulses, for all positive integers N. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Jackson, RK (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM rkjackso@usna.edu NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1536-0040 J9 SIAM J APPL DYN SYST JI SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst. PY 2006 VL 5 IS 4 BP 575 EP 597 DI 10.1137/050637686 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 142DQ UT WOS:000244629800003 ER PT J AU Carr, TW Schwartz, IB Kim, MY Roy, R AF Carr, T. W. Schwartz, I. B. Kim, Min-Young Roy, Rajarshi TI Delayed-mutual coupling dynamics of lasers: Scaling laws and resonances SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE coupled lasers; delay; Hopf bifurcation; resonance ID LIMIT-CYCLE OSCILLATORS; TIME-DELAY; RELAXATION-OSCILLATORS; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; HOPF BIFURCATIONS; OPTICAL FEEDBACK; SYNCHRONIZATION; INJECTION; SYSTEM; MODEL AB We consider a model for two lasers that are mutually coupled optoelectronically by modulating the pump of one laser with the intensity deviations of the other. Signal propagation time in the optoelectronic loop causes a significant delay leading to the onset of oscillatory output. Multiscale perturbation methods are used to describe the amplitude and period of oscillations as a function of the coupling strength and delay time. For weak coupling the oscillations have the laser's relaxation period, and the amplitude varies as the one-fourth power of the parameter deviations from the bifurcation point. For order-one coupling strength the period is determined as multiples of the delay time, and the amplitude varies with a square-root power law. Because we allow for independent control of the individual coupling constants, for certain parameter values there is an atypical amplitude-resonance phenomena. Finally, our theoretical results are consistent with recent experimental observations when the inclusion of a low-pass filter in the coupling loop is taken into account. C1 So Methodist Univ, Dept Math, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. USN, Res Lab, Nonlinear Dynam Syst Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Carr, TW (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Dept Math, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. EM tcarr@smu.edu; schwartz@nlschaos.nrl.navy.mil; mmyykim@cnd.mcgill.ca; rroy@glue.umd.edu RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1536-0040 J9 SIAM J APPL DYN SYST JI SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst. PY 2006 VL 5 IS 4 BP 699 EP 725 DI 10.1137/050647918 PG 27 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 142DQ UT WOS:000244629800008 ER PT J AU Cui, ZL Forest, MG Wang, Q Zhou, H AF Cui, ZL Forest, MG Wang, Q Zhou, H TI On weak plane Couette and Poiseuille flows of rigid rod and platelet ensembles SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE liquid crystals; nematic polymers; asymptotic expansions; partial differential equations; instability ID LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS; SHEARED NEMATIC POLYMERS; PHASE-DIAGRAM; BEHAVIOR; MODEL; ORIENTATION; ANISOTROPY; PATTERNS; TEXTURE AB Films and molds of nematic polymer materials are notorious for heterogeneity in the orientational distribution of the rigid rod or platelet macromolecules. Predictive tools for structure length scales generated by shear-dominated processing are vitally important: both during processing because of flow feedback phenomena such as shear thinning or thickening, and postprocessing since gradients in the rod or platelet ensemble translate to nonuniform composite properties and to residual stresses in the material. These issues motivate our analysis of two prototypes for planar shear processing: drag-driven Couette and pressure-driven Poiseuille flows. Hydrodynamic theories for high aspect ratio rod and platelet macromolecules in viscous solvents are well developed, which we apply in this paper to model the coupling between short-range excluded volume interactions, anisotropic distortional elasticity (unequal elasticity constants), wall anchoring conditions, and hydrodynamics. The goal of this paper is to generalize scaling properties of steady flow molecular structures in slow Couette flows with equal elasticity constants [M.G. Forest et al., J. Rheol., 48 ( 2004), pp. 175 - 192] in several ways: to contrast isotropic and anisotropic elasticity; to compare Couette versus Poiseuille. ow; and to consider dynamics and stability of these steady states within the asymptotic model equations. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Math, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Inst Adv Mat Nanosci & Technol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Math, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. Nankai Univ, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cui, ZL (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Math, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM zcui@email.unc.edu; forest@amath.unc.edu; wang@math.fsu.edu; hzhou@nps.navy.mil NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1399 J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PY 2006 VL 66 IS 4 BP 1227 EP 1260 DI 10.1137/04061934x PG 34 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 053SB UT WOS:000238324300007 ER PT J AU Kovvali, N Lin, WB Zhao, ZQ Couchman, L Carin, L AF Kovvali, Narayan Lin, Wenbin Zhao, Zhiqin Couchman, Luise Carin, Lawrence TI Rapid prolate pseudospectral differentiation and interpolation with the fast multipole method SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE prolate spheroidal wave functions; pseudospectral method; differentiation; interpolation; fast multipole method ID SPHEROIDAL WAVE-FUNCTIONS; FOURIER-ANALYSIS; SPECTRAL METHODS; UNCERTAINTY; SIMULATIONS; INTEGRATION; ALGORITHMS; QUADRATURE; STABILITY; ELEMENT AB Pseudospectral methods utilizing prolate spheroidal wave functions as basis functions have been shown to possess advantages over the conventional pseudospectral methods based on trigonometric and orthogonal polynomials. However, the spectral differentiation and interpolation steps of the prolate pseudospectral method involve matrix-vector products, which, if evaluated directly, entail O(N-2) memory requirement and computational complexity (where N is the number of unknowns utilized for discretization and interpolation). In this work we show that the fast multipole method (FMM) can be used to reduce the memory requirement and computational complexity of the prolate pseudospectral method to O(N). Example simulation results demonstrate the speed and accuracy of the resulting fast prolate pseudospectral solver. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kovvali, N (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM narayan@ee.duke.edu; wl@ee.duke.edu; zzhao@ee.duke.edu; couchman@nrl.navy.mil; lcarin@ee.duke.edu NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2006 VL 28 IS 2 BP 485 EP 497 DI 10.1137/050635961 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 053SN UT WOS:000238325500005 ER PT S AU Hutchins, RG Pace, PE AF Hutchins, Robert G. Pace, Philip E. BE Drummond, OE TI Studies in trajectory tracking and launch point determination for ballistic missile defense - art. no. 62360Y SO Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 2006 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY APR 18-20, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB Detecting and localizing a threat ballistic missile as quickly and accurately as possible are key ingredients required to engage the missile during boost phase over the territory of the aggressor, and rapid and accurate launch point determination is crucial to attack hostile facilities. Earlier research has focused on track initiation, boost phase tracking and rapid launch point determination using augmented IMM and Kalman-based techniques. This work extends that earlier research by comparing these IMM and Kalman-based trackers and backfitters with the newer particle filters to see what advantages particle filters might offer in this application. Simulations used in this research assume the ballistic missile target is in boost phase, transitioning to coast phase using a gravity turn and constant gravity. The rocket is assumed to be single stage. The IMM tracker performs well in tracking through booster cutoff. A smoothed estimate of the initial target state vector is used to backfit for launch point determination. Errors in this process are rather large and there appear to be biases in the estimates. These results are compared with a particle filter implementation. Here the correct nonlinear model of the missile dynamics was used, but the algorithm had to estimate engine thrust and the drag coefficient as well as position and velocity states. This algorithm proved to be a large disappointment because the number of particles required to generate reasonable results was large and the algorithm run time became unrealistically long. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hutchins, RG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Code EC-Hu, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6292-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6236 BP Y2360 EP Y2360 AR 62360Y DI 10.1117/12.666254 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BEX13 UT WOS:000239924400031 ER PT S AU Smith, JF Nguyen, TH AF Smith, James F., II Nguyen, ThanhVu H. BE Kadar, I TI Resource manager for an autonomous coordinated team of UAVs - art. no. 62350C SO Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XV CY APR 17-19, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE resource management; fuzzy logic; planning algorithms; decision support algorithms; cooperative behavior AB A recently developed fuzzy logic resource allocation algorithm that enables a collection of unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) to automatically cooperate as they make meteorological measurements will be discussed. The goal of the UAVs' coordinated effort is to measure the atmospheric index of refraction. Once in flight no human intervention is required. A fuzzy logic based planning algorithm determines the optimal trajectory and points each UAV will sample, while taking into account the UAVs' risk, reliability, and mission priority for sampling in certain regions. It also considers fuel limitations, mission cost, and related uncertainties. The real-time fuzzy control algorithm running on each UAV renders the UAVs autonomous allowing them to change course immediately without consulting with any commander, requests other UAVs to help, changes the points that will be sampled when observing interesting phenomena, or to terminate the mission and return to base. The control algorithm allows three types of cooperation between UAVs. The underlying optimization procedures including the fuzzy logic based cost function, the fuzzy logic decision rule for UAV path assignment, the fuzzy algorithm that determines when a UAV should alter its mission to help another UAV and the underlying approach to quantifying risks are discussed. Significant simulation results will show the planning algorithm's effectiveness in initially selecting UAVs and determining UAV routes. Likewise, simulation shows the ability of the control algorithm to allow UAVs to effectively cooperate to increase the UAV team's likelihood of success. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6291-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6235 BP C2350 EP C2350 AR 62350C DI 10.1117/12.664939 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEU87 UT WOS:000239564300012 ER PT S AU Thompson, MJ Lin, S Sciortino, JC AF Thompson, Michael J. Lin, Samuel Sciortino, John C., Jr. BE Kadar, I TI Measures of effectiveness for analysis of radar pulse train deinterleavers - art. no. 62351I SO Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XV CY APR 17-19, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE metrics; similarity measures; distance measures; confusion matrix AB This paper will compare the various methods of analyzing the results of radar pulse train deinterleavers. This paper is divided into three sections. The first section of this paper will describe the basic methods, such as the confusion matrix, and some measures that can be obtained from the matrix. The measures will include correct correlation, miscorrelation, ambiguity and track purity. Correct correlation is calculated by dividing the total number of correctly clustered pulses by the total number of pulses in the collect. Miscorrelation measures the fraction of received pulses that incorrectly deinterleaved. Ambiguity measures the fraction of received pulses that are rejected by the deinterleaver as having uncertain association with a ground truth track. Track purity measures the ability of the deinterleaver to create a constructed track comprised of pulses from a single ground truth track. These metrics will show the quality of the deinterleaving operation. The second section of this paper will describe some of the advanced similarity measures of effectiveness. This section will also describe how distance measures will be used to analyze deinterleaver results. The two main similarity measures to be discussed in this paper will be the Rand Adjust and Jaccard coefficient. These similarity measures are also known as criterion indices and are used for evaluating the capacity to recover true cluster structure. The reason for the selection of the Jaccard and Rand Adjust as measures is that they both allow a value to be obtained that is between 0 and 1 that will show how good the clusterer in question has performed. The Rand Adjust also allows for more variability in the range between 0 and 1 and appears to provide a more accurate evaluation of the cluster. The distance measures that will be described include Euclidean, Mahalanobis and Minkowski distances. These distance measures have different methods to evaluate each cluster for purity. These measures will provide an indication of the quality of the deinterleaver operation. The third section of this paper will provide the results from these measures on a deinterleavered dataset and will discuss the comparison of these metrics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thompson, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6291-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6235 BP I2351 EP I2351 AR 62351I DI 10.1117/12.663904 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEU87 UT WOS:000239564300053 ER PT S AU Black, DC Altoft, JR Sciortino, JC AF Black, Dorwin C. Altoft, John R. Sciortino, John C., Jr. BE Kadar, I TI Transition matrices for the detection and removal of signal contamination in deinterleaved pulse trains - art. no. 62351J SO Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XV CY APR 17-19, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE pulse deinterleaving; transition matrices; pattern recognition AB Purity of deinterleaved pulse descriptor word (PDW) trains is critical to the performance of emitter classification software that analyzes PDW data. Contamination of the input PDW train can lead to artifacts in the analysis resulting in incorrect or ambiguous classification. This paper presents results of an investigation into the possibility of applying transition matrices to the detection and removal of contaminating pulses from a deinterleaver output. The utility of transition matrices as a fast and efficient pattern recognition tool in ESM emitter classification has been known for over a decade [Brown, R,G., "Pattern Recognition Using Transition Matrices", 7(th) RMC Symposium on Applications of Advanced Software in Engineering, pp 52-57, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston Ontario, May 1995]. In the work presented herein, transition matrix patterns unique to contaminated pulse trains are sought in order to provide a warning that a particular PDW train is contaminated, and provide a clue as to which pulses should be removed to purify the PDW train. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Black, DC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6291-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6235 BP J2351 EP J2351 AR 62351J DI 10.1117/12.664462 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEU87 UT WOS:000239564300054 ER PT S AU Lin, S Thompson, M Davezac, S Sciortino, JC AF Lin, Samuel Thompson, Michael Davezac, Stephen Sciortino, John C., Jr. BE Kadar, I TI Comparison of time of arrival vs. multiple parameter based radar pulse train deinterleavers - art. no. 62351K SO Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XV CY APR 17-19, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE electronic warfare (EW); deinterleaver; TOA histogramming; neural networks; Fuzzy-ART; FMMC; IAFC; Fuzzy-ARTAMP AB This paper provides a comparison of the two main techniques currently in use to solve the problem of radar pulse train deinterleaving. Pulse train deinterleaving separates radar pulse trains into the tracks or bins associated with the detected emitters. The two techniques are simple time of arrival (TOA) histogramming and multi-parametric analysis. TOA analysis uses only the time of arrival (TOA) parameter of each pulse to deinterleave radar pulse trains. Such algorithms include Cumulative difference (CDIF) histogramming and Sequential difference (SDIF) histogramming. Multi-parametric analysis utilizes any combination of the following parameters: TOA, radio frequency (RF), pulse width (PW), and angle of arrival (AOA). These techniques use a variety of algorithms, such as Fuzzy Adaptive Resonance Theory (Fuzzy-ART), Fuzzy Min-Max Clustering (FMMC), Integrated Adaptive Fuzzy Clustering (IAFC) and Fuzzy Adaptive Resonance Theory Map (Fuzzy-ARTMAP) to compare the pulses to determine if they are from the same emitter. Good deinterleaving is critical since inaccurate deinterleaving can lead to misidentification of emitters. The deinterleaving techniques evaluated in this paper are a sizeable and representative sample of both US and international efforts developed in the UK, Canada, Australia and Yugoslavia. Mardia [1989] and Milojevic and Popovich [1992] shows some of the early work in TOA-based deinterleaving. Ray [1997] demonstrates some of the more recent work in this area. Multi-parametric techniques are exemplified by Granger, et al [1998] and Thompson and Sciortino [2004]. This paper will provide an analysis of the algorithms and discuss the results obtained from the referenced articles. The algorithms will be evaluated for usefulness in deinterleaving pulse trains from agile radars. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lin, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6291-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6235 BP K2351 EP K2351 AR 62351K DI 10.1117/12.665044 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEU87 UT WOS:000239564300055 ER PT S AU Liu, KX Stahlbush, RE D Caldwell, J D Hobart, K Kub, FJ Sumakeris, JJ AF Liu, Kendrick X. Stahlbush, Robert E. D Caldwell, Joshua D Hobart, Karl Kub, Francis J. Sumakeris, Joseph J. BE Dudley, M Capano, MA Kimoto, T Powell, AR Wang, S TI Non-destructive electro- and photo-luminescence imaging of dislocations in SiC epitaxy SO Silicon Carbide 2006 - Materials, Processing and Devices SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Silicon Carbide-Materials, Processing and Devices held at the 2006 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 18-20, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB Electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence (PL) imaging and stressing techniques are presented that are useful characterization tools for SiC epitaxial layers grown for power devices. Both EL and PL techniques are non-destructive, and the PL imaging is non-contact. These features are important for qualifying epitaxial layers before subjecting the layers to the time-consuming and costly process of device fabrication. By imaging at various emission spectral bands, the spectral information are correlated to the geometric features in the images. This correlation enables the differentiation of dissimilar defects having similar geometric shapes. Row average plots of images at various emission spectral bands revealed that threading dislocations (TDs) have strong emission above 900 nm and that basal plane dislocations (BPDs) have a broad spectral emission that arc most easily distinguished in the range between 738 nm and 870 nm. The correlation between spectral information and the image features clearly distinguished TDs and BPDs from other defects, such as, organic substance and other surface blemishes. In addition to identifying the defects, understanding their origin can be useful in developing low-defect growth techniques. The defect depth is a useful information for understanding defect origin. Two schemes for determining the defect depth are presented. Varying the focus depth by adjusting the objective lens height is a crude but quick scheme. Stressing the epilayer to grow the BPDs till they reach the surface or the epilayer/substrate interface is more time-consuming but more accurate. The scheme of varying the focus was demonstrated using PL imaging on a 50-mu m thick n(-) epilayer with no p(+) anode layer. Adjusting the focus on a dislocation in the n-epilayer revealed segments of the BPD coming more in focus near the epilayer/substrate interface, suggesting the defect started at or near the interface. The stress and growth scheme was demonstrated on a straight string of half loop defects in a 100-mu m thick n-epilayer. During electrical stressing, BPDs emanated from the half loops and eventually propagated to the surface at a lateral distance of 250 mu m. With the basal plan e at an 8 degrees offcut from the surface, the origin of the BPDs was calculated to be 35 mu m below the surface, indicating the defects started to expand within the epilayer. Either EL or PL technique can be used with any of these two schemes to determine the defect depth. However, the PL technique has the benefit that the p(+) anode layer and the procedure for forming a metal grid are not required. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, KX (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-867-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 911 BP 181 EP 186 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BFJ13 UT WOS:000242213500025 ER PT S AU Caldwell, JD Klein, PB Glembocki, OJ Stahlbush, RE Liu, KX Hobart, KD Kub, F AF Caldwell, Joshua David Klein, Paul B. Glembocki, Orest J. Stahlbush, Robert E. Liu, Kendrick X. Hobart, Karl D. Kub, Fritz BE Dudley, M Capano, MA Kimoto, T Powell, AR Wang, S TI Optical, electrical and lifetime characterization of in-grown stacking faults in 4H-SiC SO Silicon Carbide 2006 - Materials, Processing and Devices SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Silicon Carbide-Materials, Processing and Devices held at the 2006 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 18-20, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB Here e present optical beam induced current, electroluminescence, time resolved photoluminescence and current-voltage measurements on several 4H-SiC PiN diodes containing in-grown stacking faults (IGSFs). These defects were observed to act as either current shorts, creating a direct electrical contact between the p+ and n+ layers, or as a current barrier. Carrier lifetime measurements verify that the change in behavior is indeed associated with changes in the conductivity of the material in the vicinity of the defect and not due to local changes in the carrier lifetime. The IGSFs discussed here appear to differ from those previously discussed in the literature and may constitute a new, multi-layered IGSF. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Caldwell, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-867-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 911 BP 187 EP 192 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BFJ13 UT WOS:000242213500026 ER PT S AU Koshka, Y Lin, HD Melnychuk, G Wood, C AF Koshka, Yaroslav Lin, Huang-De Melnychuk, Galyna Wood, Colin BE Devaty, RP TI Lower-temperature epitaxial growth of 4H-SiC using CH3Cl carbon gas precursor SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE epitaxial growth; chemical vapor deposition; chlorine; low-temperature growth AB The advantages of the CH3Cl carbon precursor were investigated in order to achieve good-quality homoepitaxial layers of the 4H-SiC polytype at temperatures lower than what was considered practical (or even possible) with C3H8-based growth. It was observed that the process window for good epilayer morphology becomes narrower when the growth temperature is decreased. Successful growth experiments have been conducted in this work down to a temperature of 1290-1300 degrees C, with the growth rate in excess of 2 mu m/hr and a mirror-like defect-free epilayer surface morphology. Growth on a 2" substrate produced promising growth rate homogeneity. The dependence of the growth rate on SiH4 flow followed a clear exponential dependence. This trend is tentatively attributed to Si vapor condensation. Photoluminescence results suggest that the crystalline quality of the epilayers grown at 1300 degrees C is comparable to that of 1700 degrees C growth. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Koshka, Y (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Box 9571, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 167 EP 170 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200037 ER PT S AU Glembocki, OJ Skowronski, M Prokes, SM Gaskill, DK Caldwell, JD AF Glembocki, O. J. Skowronski, M. Prokes, S. M. Gaskill, D. K. Caldwell, J. D. BE Devaty, RP TI Observation of free carrier redistribution resulting from stacking fault formation in annealed 4H-SiC SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE doping density; stacking faults; free carrier concentration; annealing; bulk; epitaxial; 3C stacking; TEM; Raman spectroscopy; LOPC; stress; strain; Raman shift; 4H; 3C; quantum well; Poisson-Schrodinger; simulation ID POLYTYPES AB Bulk n(+)-4H-SiC wafers (n=1-2x10(19) cm(-3)) containing annealing-induced stacking faults were examined by Raman scattering. The coupled plasmon-LO mode was observed to shift in a manner consistent with 1018 cm(-3) doping in the 4H-SiC. Numerical simulations were performed using a self-consistent Poisson-Schrodinger solver and agree well with the experimental observations of carrier transfer from the 4H-SiC into the 3C-SiC stacking faults. The Raman data also shows that the 3C stacking faults induce a tensile strain on the surrounding 4H-SiC regions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Glembocki, OJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6880-1, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; Skowronski, Marek/A-8934-2011 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; Skowronski, Marek/0000-0002-2087-0068 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 347 EP 350 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200080 ER PT S AU Twigg, ME Stahlbush, RE Losee, PA Li, C Bhat, IB Chow, TP AF Twigg, M. E. Stahlbush, R. E. Losee, P. A. Li, C. Bhat, I. B. Chow, T. P. BE Devaty, RP TI Overlapping Shockley/Frank faults in 4H-SiC PiN diodes SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE stacking faults; transmission electron microscopy; PiN diodes ID DEFECT AB Using light emission imaging (LEI), we have determined that not all planar defects in 4H-SiC PiN diodes expand in response to bias. Accordingly, plan-view transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of these diodes indicate that these static planar defects are different in structure from the mobile stacking faults (SFs) that have been previously observed in 4H-SiC PiN diodes. Bright and dark field TEM observations reveal that such planar defects are bounded by partial dislocations, and that the SFs associated with these partials display both Frank and Shockley character. That is, the Burgers vector of such partial dislocations is 1/12 < 4-403 >. For sessile Frank partial dislocations, glide is severely constrained by the need to inject either atoms or vacancies into the expanding faulted layer. Furthermore, these overlapping SFs are seen to be fundamentally different from other planar defects found in 4H-SiC. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Elect Engn Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Twigg, ME (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 383 EP 386 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200089 ER PT S AU Liu, KX Stahlbush, RE Hobart, KD Sumakeris, JJ AF Liu, Kendrick X. Stahlbush, Robert E. Hobart, Karl D. Sumakeris, Joseph J. BE Devaty, RP TI Examining dislocations in SiC epitaxy by light emission from simple diode structures SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE stacking faults; dislocations; V-f degradation; PiN diodes AB With a simple processing sequence using only patterned aluminum (AI), dislocations and stacking faults were examined in thick n- epitaxial layers including a grown p(+) layer on top. The thicknesses of the n- layers were 100 and 150 mu m, values that are typical for fabricating 10 kV PiN diodes. High temperature sintering of the metal film was avoided making this a potentially nondestructive scheme for evaluating SiC epitaxy. Faulting of basal plane dislocations (BPDs) and the resulting forward voltage, Vf, increase were examined at current densities up to 20 A/cm(2). A simple guard ring structure defined in the Al pattern was successfully used to confine the current through the epitaxial layers to the area inside of the ring. Kelvin contacts compensated for voltage drops at the AI/SiC interfaces. As a result, current-voltage characteristics and electroluminescent imaging were obtained across a known area of the PiN layer at currents densities ranging from 20 A/cm(2) to 7 x 10(-3) A/cm(2). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Liu, KX (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6881,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 387 EP 390 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200090 ER PT S AU Huh, SW Sumakeris, JJ Polyakov, AY Skowronski, M Klein, PB Shanabrook, BV O'Loughlin, MJ AF Huh, S. W. Sumakeris, J. J. Polyakov, A. Y. Skowronski, M. Klein, P. B. Shanabrook, B. V. O'Loughlin, M. J. BE Devaty, RP TI Deep traps and charge carrier lifetimes in 4H-SiC epilayers SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE deep traps; minority carrier lifetime; epitaxy ID SILICON-CARBIDE; CENTERS; 4H AB Carrier lifetimes and the dominant electron and hole traps were investigated in a set of thick (9-104 mu m) undoped 4H-SiC epitaxial layers grown by CVD homoepitaxy. Deep trap spectra were measured by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) with electrical or optical injection, while lifetimes were measured by room temperature tinie-resolved photolurninescence (PL). The main electron traps detected in all samples were due to Ti, Z(1)/Z(2) centers, and EH6/EH7 centers. Two boron-related hole traps were observed with activation energies of 0.3 eV (boron acceptors.) and 0.6 eV (boron-related D centers). The concentration of electron traps decreased with increasing layer thickness and increased toward the edge of the wafers. PL lifetimes were in the 400 ns-1800 ns range with varying injection and generally Correlated with changes in the density of Z(1)/Z(2) and to a lesser extent the EH6/EH7 electron traps. However, the results of DLTS measurements on p-i-n diode structures suggest that the capture of injected holes is much more efficient for the Z(1)/Z(2) traps compared to the EH6/EH7 centers making the Z(1)/Z(2) more probable candidates for the role of lifetime killers. A good fit of the thickness dependence of the measured lifetimes to the usual analytical form was obtained assuming that Z(1)/Z(2) is the dominant hole recombination center and that the surface recombination velocity was 2500 cm/sec. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huh, SW (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Skowronski, Marek/A-8934-2011 OI Skowronski, Marek/0000-0002-2087-0068 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 493 EP 496 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200116 ER PT S AU Huh, SW Polyakov, AY Chung, HJ Nigam, S Skowronski, M Glaser, ER Carlos, WE Fanton, MA Smirnov, NB AF Huh, S. W. Polyakov, A. Y. Chung, H. J. Nigam, S. Skowronski, M. Glaser, E. R. Carlos, W. E. Fanton, M. A. Smirnov, N. B. BE Devaty, RP TI Deep electron and hole traps in 6H-SiC bulk crystals grown by the halide chemical vapor deposition SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE HCVD; DLTS; MCTS; deep center; 6H-SiC ID SILICON-CARBIDE; DEFECTS AB Deep electron and hole traps were studied in a series of high purity 6H-SiC single crystals grown by Halide Chemical Vapor Deposition (HCVD) method at various C/Si flow ratios and at temperatures between 2000 degrees C and 2100 degrees C. Characterization included Low Temperature Photoluminescence (LTPL), Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS), Minority Carrier Transient Spectroscopy (MCTS), and Thermal Admittance Spectroscopy (TAS) measurements. Concentrations of all deep traps were shown to strongly decrease with increased C/Si flow ratio and with increased growth temperature. The results indicate that the majority of deep centers in 6H-SiC crystals grown by HCVD are due to native defects or complexes of native defects promoted by Si-rich growth conditions. The observed growth temperature dependence of residual donor concentration and traps density is explained by increasing the effective C/Si ratio at higher temperatures for the same nominal ratio of C and Si flows. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Penn State Univ, Ctr Electroopt, Freeport, PA 16229 USA. Inst Rare Met, Moscow 119017, Russia. RP Huh, SW (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Smirnov, Nickolai/K-8935-2015; Skowronski, Marek/A-8934-2011 OI Smirnov, Nickolai/0000-0002-4993-0175; Skowronski, Marek/0000-0002-2087-0068 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 497 EP 500 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200117 ER PT S AU Carlos, WE Glaser, ER Garces, NY Shanabrook, BV Fanton, MA AF Carlos, W. E. Glaser, E. R. Garces, N. Y. Shanabrook, B. V. Fanton, M. A. BE Devaty, RP TI Thermal evolution of defects in semi-insulating 4H SiC SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE divacancy; EPR; photoluminescence; deep levels AB High temperature anneals were used to study the evolution of native defects in semi-insulating (SI), ultrahigh purity SiC using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), infrared and visible photoluminescence (PL) and COREMA (Contactless Resistivity Mapping) measurements. In EPR we observe a defect that we tentatively identify as V-C-C-Si-V-C. The EPR intensities of this defect and the UD1 IRPL increase significantly with annealing in all samples. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Penn State Univ, Ctr Electroopt, Freeport, PA 16229 USA. RP Carlos, WE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 531 EP 534 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200125 ER PT S AU Garces, NY Carlos, WE Glaser, ER Huh, SW Chung, HJ Nigam, S Polyakov, AY Skowronski, M AF Garces, N. Y. Carlos, W. E. Glaser, E. R. Huh, Sung Wook Chung, Hun Jae Nigam, Saurav Polyakov, A. Y. Skowronski, M. BE Devaty, RP TI Relationship between the EPR SI-5 signal and the 0.65 eV electron trap in 4H-and 6H-SiC polytypes SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE electron paramagnetic resonance; DLTS ID DEFECTS; CARBIDE AB We used electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) to quantitatively compare the concentrations of the EPR signal originally known as SI-5 and the commonly observed DLTS signal at E-c-465 eV in bulk and epitaxial 4H- and 6H-SiC. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Garces, NY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Skowronski, Marek/A-8934-2011 OI Skowronski, Marek/0000-0002-2087-0068 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 547 EP 550 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200129 ER PT S AU Glaser, ER Shanabrook, BV Carlos, WE Chung, HJ Nigam, S Polyakov, AY Skowronski, M AF Glaser, E. R. Shanabrook, B. V. Carlos, W. E. Chung, H. J. Nigam, S. Polyakov, A. Y. Skowronski, M. BE Devaty, RP TI Conditions and limitations of using low-temperature photoluminescence to determine residual nitrogen levels in semi-insulating SiC substrates SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE nitrogen; 4H-and 6H-SiC; photoluminescence; SIMS ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; DOPING CONCENTRATION; CRYSTALS AB We have employed low-temperature photoluminescence to estimate the total residual N concentration in semi-insulating (SI) SiC substrates where all N shallow donors are compensated in the dark. The ratio of the nitrogen-bound exciton line (Q(o)) to the free excitonic emission (I-77) as a function of excitation power density (P-exc) was tracked for several SI 4H-SiC samples with varying residual N concentration (similar to 7x10(14)-5.2x10(16)cm(-3)). Most notably, a linear relationship was found between Q(o)/I-77 and [N] for [N] < 1x10(16)cm(-3) while a sub-linear behavior was observed for samples with higher N levels. This technique should be particularly valuable to map [N] where the levels are close to or below the present SIMS detection limit of similar to 5-7 x 10(14)cm(-3). Results obtained for a limited number of low n-type and SI 6H-SiC substrates are also presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Glaser, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Skowronski, Marek/A-8934-2011 OI Skowronski, Marek/0000-0002-2087-0068 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 613 EP 616 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200145 ER PT S AU Chung, HJ Huh, SW Polyakov, AY Nigam, S Li, Q Grim, J Skowronski, M Glaser, ER Carlos, WE Freitas, JA Fanton, MA AF Chung, H. J. Huh, S. W. Polyakov, A. Y. Nigam, S. Li, Q. Grim, J. Skowronski, M. Glaser, E. R. Carlos, W. E. Freitas, J. A. Fanton, M. A. BE Devaty, RP TI Electrical properties of undoped 6H-and 4H-SiC bulk crystals grown by halide chemical vapor deposition SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE semi-insulating materials; bulk growth; impurity incorporation; electrical properties; Hall measurement; CVD; Photoluminescence; SIMS; PICTS ID NITROGEN AB Undoped 6H- and 4H-SiC crystals were grown by Halide Chemical Vapor Deposition (HCVD). Concentrations of impurities were measured by various methods including secondary-ion-mass spectrometry (SIMS). With increasing C/Si ratio, nitrogen concentration decreased and boron concentration increased as expected for the site-competition effect. Hall-effect measurements on 6H-SiC crystals showed that with the increase of C/Si ratio from 0.06 to 0.7, the Fermi level was shifted from E-c-0.14 eV (nitrogen donors) to E-v+0.6 eV (B-related deep centers). Crystals grown with C/Si > 0.36 showed high resistivities between 10(5) and 10(10) Omega cm, at room temperature. The high resistivities are attributed to close values of the nitrogen and boron concentrations and compensation by deep defects present in low densities. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Penn State Univ, Elect Opt Ctr, Freeport, PA 16229 USA. RP Chung, HJ (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Skowronski, Marek/A-8934-2011 OI Skowronski, Marek/0000-0002-2087-0068 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 625 EP 628 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200148 ER PT S AU Caldwell, JD Glembocki, OJ Hansen, DM Chung, G Hobart, K Kub, F AF Caldwell, Joshua D. Glembocki, Orest J. Hansen, Darren M. Chung, Gilyong Hobart, Karl Kub, Fritz BE Devaty, RP TI SiC substrate doping profiles using commercial optical scanners SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE doping density; optical scanner; commercial scanner; substrate; map; transmission; Lehighton; resistivity; Raman spectroscopy; LOPC; Raman shift; 4H-SiC ID N-TYPE; POLYTYPES AB Presented is the use of a commercial optical scanner for the mapping of doping density (N-D) of SiC substrates and as a local probe for N-D in different regions. This method provides a fast and cost effective method for determining N-D homogeneity, examining local electrical characteristics, and recognizing defect sites including areas of different polytypes or polycrystallinity. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to calibrate the transmission intensity with N-D. It is shown that features presented in the calculated N-D maps strongly correlate to those observed in Lehighton resistivity maps. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Dow Corning Corp, Auburn, MI 48611 USA. RP Caldwell, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6881,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 725 EP 728 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200171 ER PT S AU Jones, KA Zheleva, TS Shah, PB Derenge, MA Freitas, JA Gerard, GJ Vispute, RD Hullavard, S Dar, S AF Jones, K. A. Zheleva, T. S. Shah, P. B. Derenge, M. A. Freitas, J. A. Gerard, G. J. Vispute, R. D. Hullavard, S. Dar, S. BE Devaty, RP TI Variations in the effects of implanting Al at different concentrations into SiC SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE aluminum; implantation; D-I defect ID ALUMINUM AB SiC samples implanted at 600 degrees C with 10(18), 10(19), or 10(20) cm(-3) of Al to a depth of similar to 0.3 pm and annealed with a (BN)AlN cap at temperatures ranging from 1300 - 1700 degrees C were studied. Some of the samples have been co-implanted with C or Si. They are examined using Hall, sheet resistivity, CL, EPR, RBS, and TEM measurements. In all instances the sheet resistance is larger than a comparably doped epitaxial layer, with the difference being larger for samples doped to higher levels. The results suggest that not all of the damage can be annealed out, as stable defects appear to form, and a greater number or more complex defects form at the higher concentrations. Further, the defects affect the properties of the Al as no EPR peak is detected for implanted Al, and the implanted Al reduces the Al-Si peak intensity in bulk SiC. CL measurements show that there is a peak near 2.9941 eV that disappears only at the highest annealing temperature suggesting it is associated with a complex defect. The D, peaks persist at all annealing temperatures, and are possibly associated with a Si terminated partial dislocation. TEM analyses indicate that the defects are stacking faults and/or dislocations, and that these faulted regions can grow during annealing. This is confirmed by RBS measurements. C1 USA, Res Lab, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. William Paterson Univ, Wayne, NJ USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jones, KA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, SEDD, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 831 EP 834 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200196 ER PT S AU Freitas, JA Jones, KA Derenge, MA Vispute, RD Hullavard, S AF Freitas, J. A., Jr. Jones, K. A. Derenge, M. A. Vispute, R. D. Hullavard, S. BE Devaty, RP TI Observation of thermal-annealing evolution of defects in ion-implanted 4H-SiC by luminescence SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE boron; implantation; annealing; cathodoluminescence AB 4H-SiC samples implanted at 600 degrees C with 10(20) cm(-3) of B or B and C to a depth of similar to 0.5 mu m, capped with (BN/AlN), and annealed at temperatures ranging from 1400 degrees C - 1700 degrees C were studied using variable temperature cathodoluminescence. New emission lines, which may be associated with stacking faults, were observed in the samples co-implanted with B and C, but not in the samples implanted only with B. For both the B and B and C co-implanted samples, the intensity of the line near 3.0 eV decreases with increasing annealing temperature, TA, and this line is not observed after annealing at 1700 degrees C. The D, defect related emission lines are observed in the luminescence spectra of all samples and their relative intensities seem to vary with the implantation-annealing schedule and excitation conditions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Res Lab, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6877,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 847 EP 850 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200200 ER PT S AU Losee, PA Li, C Kumar, RJ Chow, TP Bhat, IB Gutmann, RJ Stahlbush, RE AF Losee, P. A. Li, C. Kumar, R. J. Chow, T. P. Bhat, I. B. Gutmann, R. J. Stahlbush, R. E. BE Devaty, RP TI Improving switching characteristics of 4H-SiC junction rectifiers using epitaxial and implanted anodes with epitaxial refill SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE 4H-SIC PiN; junction rectifiers; reverse recovery AB The on-state and switching performance of high voltage 4H-SiC junction rectifiers are compared using numerical simulations and experimental characterization. Epitaxial and implanted anode PiN diodes as well as novel, advanced rectifiers have been fabricated in 4H-SiC using 110 mu m thick drift layers. The relatively low forward voltage drop of these epi-anode diodes (4.2V @ 100A/cm(2)) indicates moderate conductivity modulation, while the superior switching performance of the "MPS-like" rectifiers is demonstrated with reverse recovery characteristics at various temperatures and forward current densities. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Integrated Elect, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Losee, PA (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Integrated Elect, 110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1363 EP 1366 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200322 ER PT S AU Agarwal, A Krishnaswami, S Richmond, J Capell, C Ryu, SH Palmour, J Geil, B Katsis, D Scozzie, C Stahlbush, R AF Agarwal, Anant Krishnaswami, Sumi Richmond, James Capell, Craig Ryu, Sei-Hyung Palmour, John Geil, Bruce Katsis, Dimos Scozzie, Charles Stahlbush, Robert BE Devaty, RP TI Influence of basal plane dislocation induced stacking faults on the current gain in SiCBJTs SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE BPD; stacking fault; current gain degradation; BJT AB SiC BJTs show instability in the I-V characteristics after as little as 15 minutes of operation. The current gain reduces, the on-resistance in saturation increases, and the slope of the output characteristics in the active region increases. This degradation in the I-V characteristics continues with many hours of operation. It is speculated that this phenomenon is caused by the growth of stacking faults from certain basal plane dislocations within the base layer of the SiC BJT. Stacking fault growth within the base layer is observed by light emission imaging. The energy for this expansion of the stacking fault comes from the electron-hole recombination in the forward biased base-emitter junction. This results in reduction of the effective minority carrier lifetime, increasing the electron-hole recombination in the base in the immediate vicinity of the stacking fault, leading to a reduction in the current gain. It should be noted that this explanation is only a suggestion with no conclusive proof at this stage. C1 Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Agarwal, A (reprint author), Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1409 EP 1412 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200333 ER PT S AU Phlips, BF Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Stahlbush, RE Das, MK De Geronimo, G O'Connor, P AF Phlips, Bernard F. Hobart, Karl D. Kub, Francis J. Stahlbush, Robert E. Das, Mrinal K. De Geronimo, Gianluigi O'Connor, Paul BE Devaty, RP TI Silicon carbide power diodes as radiation detectors SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE PiN diodes; sensor; radiation detector AB We have tested the radiation detection performance of Silicon Carbide (SiC) PIN diodes originally developed as high power diodes. These devices consist of 100 micron thick SiC grown epitaxially on SiC Substrates. The size and thickness of the devices make them appropriate for a number of radiation detection applications. We tested 0.25 cm2 and 0.5 cm2 devices and obtained X-ray spectra under illumination with an Am-241 radioactive Source. The spectra showed an energy resolution that was consistent with the resolution expected for the large capacitance of the device. Smaller devices with a diameter of I mm were also tested and produced spectra with a room temperature energy resolution of similar to 550 eV, which is consistent with the electronics limit for the capacitance of the small device, We measured the absolute charge generated by X-rays per KeV in SiC by comparing the charge generation with similar silicon devices and determined the energy required per electron hole pair in SiC to be 8.4 eV. We also performed radiation damage tests on these devices and found no significant loss in charge collection up to a photon dose of 100 MRad. Applications for these devices can be found in the fields of particle physics, nuclear physics, nuclear medicine, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray astronomy and X-ray navigation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Phlips, BF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1465 EP 1468 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200347 ER PT S AU Eddy, CR Bassim, ND Mastro, MA Henry, RL Twigg, ME Holm, RT Culbertson, JC Neudeck, PG Powell, JA Trunek, AJ AF Eddy, C. R., Jr. Bassim, N. D. Mastro, M. A. Henry, R. L. Twigg, M. E. Holm, R. T. Culbertson, J. C. Neudeck, P. G. Powell, J. A. Trunek, A. J. BE Devaty, RP TI Reduction of defects in GaN epitaxial films grown heteroepitaxially on SiC SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE GaN; defects; heteroepitaxy ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; ALN BUFFER LAYERS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; STRUCTURAL DEFECTS; THIN-FILMS; TEMPERATURE; NUCLEATION; INTERFACE; SUBSTRATE AB Silicon carbide (SiC) has become the substrate of choice for III-N epilayers applied to electronic devices due to the lack of a native III-N substrate. This is particularly true for high power applications, since the thermal conductivity of the substrate enhances device performance. Although the GaN lattice match is slightly better for SiC than for sapphire, the dislocation densities that result are still very high (generally in the high 10(8) cm(-2) range) and often deleterious to device performance. Screw-component dislocations are especially critical since they serve as leakage paths in vertically conducting III-N devices. In this paper efforts to reduce the extended defect density in III-N films grown on SiC will be reviewed. Details on recent efforts to use step-free SiC mesa surfaces arrayed on commercial 4H-SiC substrates will then be highlighted showing dramatic reductions in extended defect densities and the virtual elimination of critical defects for vertically conducting devices. In these experiments, SiC surfaces that are homoepitaxially grown step-free or of very low step density have been used as growth templates for thin (< 3 mu m) GaN films deposited on a novel 1000 angstrom AlN nucleation layer characterized by a total dislocation density two orders of magnitude lower than the previous state-of-the-art, and with no evidence of screw-component dislocations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Seat Inc, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. OAI, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Eddy, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1483 EP 1488 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200351 ER PT S AU Bassim, ND Twigg, ME Mastro, MA Neudeck, P Eddy, CR Henry, RL Holm, RN Powel, JA Trunek, AJ AF Bassim, N. D. Twigg, M. E. Mastro, M. A. Neudeck, P. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Henry, R. L. Holm, R. N. Powel, J. A. Trunek, A. J. BE Devaty, RP TI Electron microscopy investigation of the role of surface steps in the generation of dislocations during MOCVD growth of GaN on 4H-SiC SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE surface step; 4H-SiC; GaN; TEM; dislocation; heteroepitaxy ID NUCLEATION; EPITAXY; FILMS AB Through the use of specially-prepared on-axis SiC substrates with patterned mesa tops completely free of atomic-scale surface steps, we have previously reported the growth of high-quality GaN heteroepitaxial films with greatly reduced threading dislocation densities on the order of 10(7)/cm(2). In these films, we reported a defect substructure in which lateral a-type dislocations are present in the nucleation layer but do not bow into threading dislocations during the subsequent GaN growth. This study focuses further on the role of SiC substrate surface steps in the generation of misfit, a-type, and threading dislocations at the heteroepitaxial interface. By using weak-beam imaging (both to eliminate Moire effects and to observe narrow dislocation images) from plan-view transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we identify dislocations generated on stepped and unstepped mesas and compare their geometries. We observe that misfit dislocations nucleated on an unstepped SiC mesa are confined to one set of a-type Burgers vectors of the form g=1/3 [2 (1) over bar(1) over bar0], straight and well-ordered so that they are less likely to interact with each other. On the other hand, misfit dislocation structures on a stepped SiC mesa surface are not nearly as well-ordered, having bowed structure with threading dislocations that appear to nucleate at SiC surface steps. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. NASA, Sest Inc, Cleveland, OH USA. NASA, OAI, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Bassim, ND (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1509 EP 1512 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200357 ER PT S AU Biyikli, N Litton, CW Xie, J Moon, YT Yun, F Stefanita, CG Bandyopadhyay, S Meyer, JR Morkoc, H AF Biyikli, N. Litton, C. W. Xie, J. Moon, Y. -T. Yun, F. Stefanita, C. -G. Bandyopadhyay, S. Meyer, J. R. Morkoc, H. BE Devaty, RP TI Quantitative mobility spectrum analysis of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures using variable-field hall measurements SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE AlGaN/GaN heterostructure; transport properties; multi-carrier; quantitative mobility spectrum analysis (QMSA); hall measurements ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; GAN/ALGAN AB Carrier transport properties of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures have been analyzed with the quantitative mobility Spectrum analysis (QMSA) technique. The nominally-undoped Al0.15Ga0.85N/GaN sample was grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. Variable-magnetic-field Hall measurements were carried out in the temperature range of 4-160 K and magnetic field range of 0-6.6 T. QMSA was applied to the experimental variable-field data to extract the concentrations and mobilities associated with the high-mobility 2DEG and the relatively low-mobility bulk electrons for the temperature range investigated. For temperatures below 100 K the calculated mobility and carrier density values were close to the experimental results. No bulk conduction was observed in this temperature range. At 160 K, QMSA results show that parallel conduction in 3 mu m thick GaN layer started to affect the average electron mobility. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Biyikli, N (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1533 EP 1536 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200363 ER PT S AU Szechtman, R AF Szechtman, Roberto BE Henderson, SG Nelson, BL TI A Hilbert Space Approach to Variance Reduction SO SIMULATION SE Handbooks in Operations Research and Management Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LARGE-SAMPLE PROPERTIES; CONTROL VARIABLES; SIMULATION; EFFICIENCY AB In this chapter we explain variance reduction techniques from the Hilbert space standpoint, in the terminating simulation context. We use projection ideas to explain how variance is reduced, and to link different variance reduction techniques. Our focus is on the methods of control variates, conditional Monte Carlo, weighted Monte Carlo, stratification, and Latin hypercube sampling. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Szechtman, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rszechtm@nps.edu NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0507 BN 978-0-08-046476-3; 978-0-44-451428-8 J9 HBK OPERAT RES MANAG PY 2006 VL 13 BP 259 EP 289 DI 10.1016/S0927-0507(06)13010-8 PG 31 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BCQ23 UT WOS:000310993500010 ER PT S AU Sudirgo, S Pawlik, DJ Hirschman, KD Rommel, SL Kurinec, SK AF Sudirgo, Stephen Pawlik, David J. Hirschman, Karl D. Rommel, Sean L. Kurinec, Samosh K. GP IEEE TI Si-based resonant interband tunnel Diode/CMOS integrated memory circuit SO SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL UNIVERSITY/GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY MICROELECTRONICS SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - UNIVERSITY/GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY MICROELECTRONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Biennial University/Government/Industry Microelectronics Symposium CY JUN 25-28, 2006 CL San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA SP SJSU Coll Engn, Opt Associates Incorp, Intel, Synopsys, Cadence Design Syst HO San Jose State Univ ID OPERATION AB The development of Si-based tunneling-based static random access memory (TSRAM) has been described. This multi-institutional research endeavor has successfully demonstrated for the first time an integrated TSRAM that utilizes Si/SiGe resonant interband tunnel diode (RITD) and conventional NMOS. The memory cell exhibits a bistable latching operation at a low power supply voltage below 0.5 V. The key to success in the tunnel diode-based novel memory research at RIT is mutual collaboration between the institutions from the universities, government, and industry, which provides a hotbed for technological innovations and creativity. C1 [Sudirgo, Stephen; Pawlik, David J.; Hirschman, Karl D.; Rommel, Sean L.; Kurinec, Samosh K.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Microelect Engn, 82 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Sudirgo, S (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Microelect Engn, 82 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RI Rommel, Sean/F-9654-2013 OI Rommel, Sean/0000-0001-5996-0813 FU National Science Foundation [ECS-0196054, ECS-0501460] FX This work is funded by the National Science Foundation under grant ECS-0196054 and ECS-0501460. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0749-6877 BN 978-1-4244-0267-0 J9 P UNIV GOVT IND MICR PY 2006 BP 109 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGO25 UT WOS:000248935100020 ER PT J AU Bradshaw, DA Yanagi, MA Pak, ES Peery, TS Ruff, GA AF Bradshaw, D. A. Yanagi, M. A. Pak, E. S. Peery, T. S. Ruff, G. A. TI Actigraphy evaluation of sleep preceding multiple sleep latency testing SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 1007 BP A344 EP A344 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916701384 ER PT J AU Matsagas, P Miller, NL AF Matsagas, P. Miller, N. L. TI The effects of ship motion on the sleeping patterns of crewmembers aboard a high speed Naval vessel SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Hellen Navy, C3 Directorate, Athens, Greece. Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 372 BP A126 EP A126 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700373 ER PT J AU Miller, NL Shattuck, LG Smith, DR AF Miller, N. L. Shattuck, L. G. Smith, D. R. TI Sleep patterns of cadets at the United States Military Academy: Interim findings of a four-year longitudinal study SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S BP A116 EP A116 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700341 ER PT B AU Su, WL Lim, TL AF Su, Weilian Lim, Tat L. GP IEEE BE Song, YT Lu, C TI Cross-layer design and optimization for wireless sensor networks SO SNPD 2006: SEVENTH ACIS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, NETWORKING, AND PARALLEL/DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel and Distributed Computing/7th ACIS International Workshop on Self-Assembling Networks CY JUN 19-20, 2006 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Int Assoc Comp & Informat Sci, Towson Univ, Cent Michigan Univ AB Cross-layer design and optimization is a new technique which can be used to design and improve the performance in both wireless and wireline networks. The central idea of cross-layer design is to optimize the control and exchange of information over two or more layers to achieve significant performance improvements by exploiting the interactions between various protocol layers. In this paper, we propose a cross-layer design and optimization framework and the concept of using an optimization agent to provide the exchange and control of information between the various protocol layers to improve the performance in wireless sensor networks' The approach is to investigate the effects of the wireless channel and the physical layer performance of a small scale wireless sensor network (WSN) to develop insights that can be used in the design and development of the optimization agent in the proposed cross-layer framework. Performance measurements were conducted to stud), the effects of interference and transmission range for a group of networked wireless sensors. C1 [Su, Weilian; Lim, Tat L.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 833 Dyer Rd,Rm 452 Sp-232, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Su, WL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 833 Dyer Rd,Rm 452 Sp-232, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM weilian@nps.edu; tlim@nps.edu NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2611-X PY 2006 BP 278 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BEQ48 UT WOS:000238913400047 ER PT B AU Forrest, D AF Forrest, David BE Kongoli, F Reddy, RG TI Transport phenomena in nanomechanical systems for molecular manufacturing SO Sohn International Symposium Advanced Processing of Metals and Materials, Vol 3: THERMO AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PRINCIPLES: SPECIAL MATERIALS AND AQUEOUS AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Sohn International Symposium on Advanced Processing of Metals and Materials CY AUG 27-31, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Acad Mexicana Ciencias Mat, Amer Foundry Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, APMI Int, ASM Int, Asociac Argentina Mat, Assoc Iron & Steel Technol, Assoc Italiana Met, Australasian Inst Min & Met, Austrian Soc Met & Mat, Beijing Gen Res Inst Min & Met, Benelux Met, Brazilian Assoc Mat & Met, Brunei Darussalam Inst Chem, Ceram Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Chem Soc Pakistan, Chem Soc Peru, Chilean Chem Soc, Chinese Soc Met, Cobalt Dev Inst, Colegio Ingenieros Chile, CSIRO, Czech Soc New Mat & Technologies, Danish Ceram Soc, Danish Chem Soc, Danish Met Soc, Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Engn Conf Int, Eurometaux, European Ceram Soc, Federat European Mat Soc, Georgian Ceram Soc, German Soc Min, Met, Resource & Environm Technol, Gintsvetmet Inst, Gipronickel Inst, JS, Hellen Ceram Soc, Indian Inst Met, Inst Nonferrous & Rare Met, Inst Mat Engn Australasian, Inst Mat, Minerals & Min, Inst Met & Technol, Inst NonFerrous Met, Inst Argentino Siderurgia, Integrated Chemists Philippines, Int Aluminium Inst, Int Energy Fdn, Int Lead Zinc Res Org Inc, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Israel Chem Soc, Japan Inst Met, Jordanian Chem Soc, Korean Acad Sci & Technol, Korean Chem Soc, Korean Inst Chem Engineers, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Malaysian Inst Chem, Mat Res Soc, Mat Soc Portugal, Met Sco CIM, Min Engn Int, Min & Mat Proc Inst Japan, Nonferrous Met Soc China, N Amer Thermal Anal Soc, Polish Assoc Met Engineers & Technicians, Portugese Chem Soc, Slovak Met Soc, Slovenian Ceram Soc, Slovenian Soc Mat, Soc Francaise Chimie, Soc Francaise Met & Mat, Soc Royal Chimie, Soc Min, Met & Explorat, Soc Chem Engn Japan, S African Inst Min & Met, Swedish Soc Mat Technol, Swedish Steel Producers Assoc, Technol Inst VZW, Amer Ceram Soc, Chem Soc Thailand, Finnish Assoc Min & Met Engineers, Canadian Min Journal, Ferrous Met Journal, Ind Minerals, Journal Tech Elect Mat, Magnesium Monthly Review, Mat Engn News, Mineral & Met Proc, Mineral Proc Journal, Min Journal, Nonferrous Met Journal, Ore & Met Publishing House, European Journal Min Proc & Environm Protect, Ausmelt, FLOGEN Technologies Inc, Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Korea Zinc Co Ltd, LS Nikko Copper, Outokumpu Technol, Posco, Umicore Precious Met Refining, Xstrata Technol C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Forrest, D (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-636-7 PY 2006 BP 707 EP 707 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BFG83 UT WOS:000241807200071 ER PT J AU Chen, LE Zheng, T Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LE Zheng, T Sun, FR Wu, C TI Irreversible four-temperature-level absorption refrigerator SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE finite-time thermodynamics; four-temperature-level absorption refrigeration cycle; irreversible cycle ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; HEAT-TRANSFER LAW; COOLING SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE; THERMODYNAMICS; MODEL; PUMP AB A refrigeration cycle is modeled as a demonstration of an irreversible absorption refrigeration cycle. This four-temperature-level model takes into account the heat resistance, heat leakage, and irreversibilities due to internal dissipation of the working fluid. The fundamental optimal relationships between: (1) the coefficient of performance (COP) and the cooling load; (2) the maximum COP and the corresponding cooling load; and (3) the maximum cooling load and the corresponding COP of the cycle, all coupled to constant-temperature heat reservoirs, are derived by using finite-time thermodynamics. The optimal distribution relationships of the heat-transfer surface areas are also presented. Moreover, the effects of the cycle parameters on the COP and the cooling load of the cycle are studied by detailed numerical examples. The results obtained herein are useful for optimal design and performance improvement of absorption refrigeration cycles. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LE (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 28 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2006 VL 80 IS 3 BP 347 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.solener.2005.01.013 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 027IL UT WOS:000236408800013 ER PT S AU Howard, RA AF Howard, R. A. BE Gopalswamy, N Mewaldt, R Torsti, J TI A historical perspective on coronal mass ejections SO SOLAR ERUPTIONS AND ENERGETIC PARTICLES SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AGU Chapman Conference on Solar Energetic Plasmas and Particles CY AUG 02-06, 2004 CL Univ Turku, Turku, FINLAND SP AGU HO Univ Turku ID INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; SOLAR-ACTIVITY; II BURSTS; TRANSIENTS; ASSOCIATIONS; EVENTS; STORMS AB The concept of mass leaving the Sun was thought possible over 100 years ago from the observations of prominence material that was seen to be moving outward at speeds in excess of the escape velocity. While the direct observation was elusive, the coupling between solar activity and geomagnetic storms became quite apparent. In the 1940's the concept of corpuscular radiation from the sun was proposed and then in the 1950's used to explain the discontinuity in a comet tail. Parker theory in 195 7 predicted a continuous outflow from the sun that was then observed by in-situ spacecraft less than 10 years later. The first optical observations of a transient event showing mass moving through the solar corona in 1971 were accompanied by excitement, fascination and speculation. Two questions at that time were: What causes the CME eruption? What is their significance? These questions and others are still with us. In this paper, the coronal mass ejection is viewed in its historical context. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Howard, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012 NR 39 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 0-87590-430-0 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2006 VL 165 BP 7 EP 13 DI 10.1029/165GM03 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFJ57 UT WOS:000242377100002 ER PT S AU Share, GH Murphy, RJ AF Share, Gerald H. Murphy, Ronald J. BE Gopalswamy, N Mewaldt, R Torsti, J TI Gamma radiation from flare-accelerated particles impacting the sun SO SOLAR ERUPTIONS AND ENERGETIC PARTICLES SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AGU Chapman Conference on Solar Energetic Plasmas and Particles CY AUG 02-06, 2004 CL Univ Turku, Turku, FINLAND SP AGU HO Univ Turku ID HARD X-RAY; SOLAR-FLARES; LINE MEASUREMENTS; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; ALPHA-PARTICLES; NE/O ABUNDANCE; NOVEMBER 2003; EVENTS; SPECTROSCOPY; NEON AB We discuss how remote observations of gamma-ray lines and continua provide information on the population of electrons and ions that are accelerated in solar flares. The radiation from these interactions also provides information on the composition of the flaring chromosphere. We focus our discussion on recent RHESSI observations and archival observations made by SMM and Yohkoh. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Share, GH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gerald.share@nrl.navy.mil; murphy@ssd5.navy.mil RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012 NR 69 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 0-87590-430-0 J9 GEOPH MONOG SERIES PY 2006 VL 165 BP 177 EP 188 DI 10.1029/165GM17 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFJ57 UT WOS:000242377100016 ER PT S AU Tylka, AJ Lee, MA AF Tylka, Allan J. Lee, Martin A. BE Gopalswamy, N Mewaldt, R Torsti, J TI Spectral and compositional characteristics of gradual and impulsive solar energetic particle events SO SOLAR ERUPTIONS AND ENERGETIC PARTICLES SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AGU Chapman Conference on Solar Energetic Plasmas and Particles CY AUG 02-06, 2004 CL Univ Turku, Turku, FINLAND SP AGU HO Univ Turku ID ADVANCED COMPOSITION EXPLORER; DIFFUSIVE SHOCK ACCELERATION; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; HIGH-ENERGIES; ISOTOPE SPECTROMETER; HEAVY-IONS; ABUNDANCES; HE-3; SPACECRAFT; FLARES AB The spectral and compositional characteristics of solar energetic particles (SEPs) reflect a number of factors, including the nature of the acceleration process and the accessible seed population. We review recent discoveries about these issues and discuss current hypotheses about the relationship between flares and CME-driven shocks in producing SEPs above a few tens of MeV/nucleon in large, gradual events. We also briefly review recent results on spectra and composition in impulsive events. We particularly emphasize how significant correlations among spectral and compositional characteristics serve to constrain models of SEP production. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tylka, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7652, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM allan.tylka@nrl.navy.mil; marty.lee@unh.edu RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012; Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 0-87590-430-0 J9 GEOPH MONOG SERIES PY 2006 VL 165 BP 263 EP 274 DI 10.1029/165GM25 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFJ57 UT WOS:000242377100024 ER PT J AU Thernisien, A Morrill, J Howard, R Wang, D AF Thernisien, A Morrill, J Howard, R Wang, D TI Photometric calibration of the LASCO-C3 coronagraph using stars SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The LASCO-C3 coronagraph on SOHO, launched in December 1995, has been collecting images of the corona and background star fields in a regular manner since 1996. This instrument contains a number of broadband filters with various passbands in the range between 400 and 1100 nm. The filter used most often has been the Clear filter (400-900 nm) but there are four other filters with about 100 nm passbands that are also used periodically. Preliminary calibration of the C3 optical system was done before flight and a number of techniques that use star intensities or magnitudes and position have been applied during flight. In order to understand the long-term behavior of the C3 instrument, we have recently performed an analysis of LASCO data that examines the observed intensities of a set of moderately bright stars whose spectra is known from 13 color photometry. Using these star spectra and the observed count rates we have derived the photometric calibration factors of the C3 coronagraph for all five color filters with an absolute precision of about +/- 7%. Observations with the Clear filter have been used to look for long-term trends in the instrument sensitivity. The observations indicate a very slight decrease in the instrument sensitivity of about 3.5% over the 8 years studied here. C1 Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Interferometr, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. RP Thernisien, A (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, 10211 Wincopin Circle,Suite 620, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. EM arnaud.thernisien@nrl.navy.mil; jeff.morrill@nrl.navy.mil; russ.howard@navy.mil; dennis.wang@nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 233 IS 1 BP 155 EP 169 DI 10.1007/s11207-006-2047-4 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 011ZV UT WOS:000235308900012 ER PT S AU Morrill, J AF Morrill, J. BE Ermolli, I Pap, J Fox, P TI Calculating solar UV spectral irradiance using observed spectral radiance and full disk CaIIKimages SO Solar Variability and Earth's Climate SE MEMOIRE DELLA SOCIETA ASTRONOMICA ITALIANA - SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solar Variability and Earths Climate CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2005 CL Rome, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Astrofis, Minist Ambiente Della Tutela Territor, Reg Lazio, Eurpean Space Agcy, Climate & Weather Sun-Earth Syst DE sun : irradiance; sun : atmospheres AB An empirical model of solar UV spectral irradiance has been developed at the Naval Research Laboratory. This model uses observed spectral radiance measurements from the HRTS-9 rocket and the UV spectrograph on SKYLAB in conjunction with full disk Ca II K images to identify various solar surface features on order to estimate the full disk irradiance. The initial wavelength coverage was a narrow range (180 angstrom) near the Mg II doublet at 2800 and was derived from HRTS-9 spectral observations. This range is being expanded to cover from roughly 2000 to 4000 using SKYLAB data and future plans include the extension of this range down below 1000 A. Currently the model identifies three surface features: quiet sun, active sun, and sunspots. The model requires detailed knowledge of the center-to-limb variation (CLV) of these three features. Originally, the CLV was only available for the quiet sun and so this is now used for all three features. However, we will be examining other data and theoretical sources of CLV for active regions and sunspots. Since the spectral radiance observations are from film data, calibration required the use of irradiance spectra on a set of extremely quiet days from the SUSIM and SOLSTICE instruments on the UARS satellite. Currently, the model has concentrated on the time period between 1990 through 1995 but this is being expanded toward the present in order to extend the comparison between model and observed (UARS) spectra. This paper is a review of the model that will include the latest understanding of the CLV of the quiet sun, the methods of calibration, and the identification of the above surface features. Future plans to utilize the recently digitized film archives of Ca II K images, such as Mt Wilson, and the Observatories of Rome and Paris, will also be discussed in addition to the planned methods to model the spectrum into the EUV. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Morrill, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ASTRONOMICA ITALIANA PI FLORENCE PA LARGO ENRICO FERMI 5, FLORENCE, 50125, ITALY SN 0037-8720 J9 MEM SOC ASTRON ITAL PY 2006 VL 76 IS 4 BP 850 EP 855 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BEG25 UT WOS:000237205500021 ER PT S AU Berendse, FB Cruddace, RG Kowalski, MP Yentis, DJ Hunter, WR Fritz, GG Siegmund, O Heidemann, K Lenke, R Seifert, A Barbee, TW AF Berendse, F. B. Cruddace, R. G. Kowalski, M. P. Yentis, D. J. Hunter, W. R. Fritz, G. G. Siegmund, O. Heidemann, K. Lenke, R. Seifert, A. Barbee, T. W., Jr. BE Turner, MJL Hasinger, G TI The Joint astrophysical Plasmadynamic EXperiment extreme ultraviolet spectrometer: resolving power - art. no. 62660V SO Space Telescopes and Instrumentation II: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation II - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY MAY 24-31, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE extreme ultraviolet; gratings; spectrometer; resolution; holographic ion etching ID INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; WHITE-DWARFS; SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; DETECTORS; G191-B2B; HELIUM; EUVE AB The Joint astrophysical Plasmadynamic EXperiment (J-PEX) is a high-resolution extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrometer (220-245 angstrom) used for the study of white dwarf atmospheres. Significant improvements have been achieved in both the normal-incidence gratings and the focal-plane detector since its first successful sounding rocket flight in 2001. The spherical laminar gratings have been replaced by paraboloidal gratings. The substrates of the new gratings have measured slope errors less than 0.35 arcsec. The gratings were recorded holographically and the rulings transferred into the silica substrates by ion etching. This procedure was followed by polymer overcoat to reduce the blaze angle of the groove profile. The detector uses microchannel plates with 6 mu m pores and a cross-strip anode, providing 17.9 mu m resolution in the dispersion direction. The detector employs a KBr photocathode with a projected efficiency of 0.24 at 256 angstrom. Using ray tracing simulations, we predict the resolving power expected from the spectrometer during upcoming EUV calibrations with a He II discharge source. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Berendse, FB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6331-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6266 BP V2660 EP V2660 AR 62660V DI 10.1117/12.670064 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BEX60 UT WOS:000240015400025 ER PT S AU Kowalski, MP Berendse, FB Barbee, TW Hunter, WR Heidemann, KF Lenke, R Seifert, A Cruddace, RG AF Kowalski, M. P. Berendse, F. B. Barbee, T. W., Jr. Hunter, W. R. Heidemann, K. F. Lenke, R. Seifert, A. Cruddace, R. G. BE Turner, MJL Hasinger, G TI The joint astrophysical plasmadynamic experiment (J-PEX) high-resolution EUV spectrometer: Diffraction grating efficiency - art. no. 62660W SO Space Telescopes and Instrumentation II: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation II - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY MAY 24-31, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE spectrometers; diffraction gratings; multilayer coatings; surface measurements; extreme ultraviolet ID NEAR-NORMAL INCIDENCE; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; WAVELENGTH REGION; CRYSTAL MONOCHROMATOR; MULTILAYER; SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE; CALIBRATION; G191-B2B AB We have fabricated five new holographic ion-etched polymer-coated gratings for a reflight on a sounding rocket of the J-PEX high-resolution EUV spectrometer. The gratings are parabolic (nominal 2000-mm focal length), large (160 mm x 90 mm), and have a blazed groove profile of high density (3600 grooves/mm at the vertex). They have been coated with a high-reflectance multilayer of Mo/Si/C. Using an atomic force microscope, we examined grating topography before multilayer coating. The surface roughness is 2 angstrom rms and the blaze angle is near the target value of 2.40. Using synchrotron radiation, we completed an efficiency calibration map of each. multilayer-coated grating over the wavelength range 220-245 angstrom. At an angle of incidence of 50, the average efficiency in the first inside order peaks near 234 A. The average peak efficiency is 12.3 +/- 1.0% for Grating 1, 12.6 +/- 2.4% for Grating 2, 12.6 +/- 1.8% for Grating 3, 14.1 +/- 3.0% for Grating 4, and 13.0 +/- 1.0% for Grating 5. The derived groove efficiency averaged over all gratings is approximately 50%, which meets our goals. Refined models of the multilayer gratings are required to resolve remaining issues. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kowalski, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7655, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6331-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6266 BP W2660 EP W2660 AR 62660W DI 10.1117/12.670351 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BEX60 UT WOS:000240015400026 ER PT S AU Smart, DF Shea, MA Tylka, AJ Boberg, PR AF Smart, D. F. Shea, M. A. Tylka, A. J. Boberg, P. R. BE Obara, T TI A geomagnetic cutoff rigidity interpolation tool: Accuracy verification and application to space weather SO SPACE WEATHER PREDICTION: APPLICATIONS AND VALIDATION SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE geomagnetic cutoff rigidities; cutoff latitudes; magnetospheric cutoffs; magnetic fields; space radiation; radiation dose ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; MODEL; EPOCHS AB We have developed a fast and accurate geomagnetic vertical cutoff rigidity interpolation tool that has general space weather applications. The interpolation tool utilizes vertical cutoff rigidity values determined from 5 degrees by 5 degrees world grids of geomagnetic cutoff rigidities obtained by tracing cosmic ray trajectories through the Tsyganenko magnetospheric field model combined with the International Geomagnetic Reference Field. The world grids for each UT hour were calculated for a 450-km satellite altitude for all magnetic conditions parameterized by the integer magnetic Kp index ranging from very quiet to extremely disturbed. The interpolation tool extrapolates from the grid positions at 450 km to any other position or altitude. We demonstrate the accuracy of vertical geomagnetic cutoff values obtained from this interpolation tool by reproducing the orbital radiation dose profile from solar protons recorded during the STS-28 space shuttle mission. We also predict the cutoff latitudes of the 8-15 MeV per nucleon a particle flux and compare these values with those determined by the SAMPEX (Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer) spacecraft observations for six independent solar particle events under a variety of geomagnetic conditions. In general our predicted cutoff latitudes are within about one degree of the observed cutoff latitudes for low levels of geomagnetic activity. (c) 2006 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab VSBX, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smart, DF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab VSBX, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM sssrc@msn.com RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2006 VL 37 IS 6 SI 2006 BP 1206 EP 1217 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2006.02.011 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BEQ51 UT WOS:000238915000012 ER PT S AU Henshaw, CG Akins, K Creamer, NG Faria, M Flagg, C Hayden, M Healy, L Hrolenok, B Johnson, J Lyons, K Pipitone, F Tasker, F AF Henshaw, Carl Glen Akins, Keith Creamer, N. Glenn Faria, Matthew Flagg, Cris Hayden, Matthew Healy, Liam Hrolenok, Brian Johnson, Jeffrey Lyons, Kimberly Pipitone, Frank Tasker, Fred BE Howard, RT Richards, RD TI A software architecture for autonomous orbital robotics SO SPACEBORNE SENSORS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Spaceborne Sensors III CY APR 18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE SUMO; robotics; autonomy; satellite servicing; flight software systems AB SUMO, the Spacecraft for the Universal Modification of Orbits, is a DARPA-sponsored spacecraft designed to provide orbital repositioning services to geosynchronous satellites. Such services may be needed to facilitate changing the geostationary slot of a satellite, to allow a satellite to be used until the propellant is expended instead of reserving propellant for a retirement burn, or to rescue a satellite stranded in geosynchronous transfer orbit due to a launch failure. Notably, SUMO is being designed to be compatible with the current geosynchronous satellite catalog, which implies that it does not require the customer spacecraft to have special docking fixtures, optical guides, or cooperative communications or pose sensors. In addition, the final approach and grapple will be performed autonomously. SUMO is being designed and built by the Naval Center for Space Technology, a division of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, DC. The nature of the SUMO concept mission leads to significant challenges in onboard spacecraft autonomy. Also, because research and development in machine vision, trajectory planning, and automation algorithms for SUMO is being pursued in parallel with flight software development, there are considerable challenges in prototyping and testing algorithms in situ and in transitioning these algorithms from laboratory form into software suitable for flight. This paper discusses these challenges, outlining the current SUMO design from the standpoint of flight algorithms and software. In particular, the design of the SUMO phase I laboratory demonstration software is described in detail. The proposed flight-like software architecture is also described. C1 [Henshaw, Carl Glen; Akins, Keith; Creamer, N. Glenn; Faria, Matthew; Healy, Liam; Tasker, Fred] USN, Res Lab, Code 8230,4555 Overlood Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pipitone, Frank] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hayden, Matthew; Lyons, Kimberly] US Navy, Res Lab, Code8245,4555 Overlook Ave Sw, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Flagg, Cris; Hrolenok, Brian] Honeywell Technol Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Johnson, Jeffrey] Space Ground Syst Solut Inc, Minami Kawachi, Tochigi 32904, Japan. RP Henshaw, CG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8230,4555 Overlood Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Carl.Henshaw@nrl.navy.mil OI Faria, Matthew/0000-0003-1729-5813 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency FX The work presented in this paper was funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. The authors would like to thank Dr. Gordon Roessler, the DARPA program manager for SUMO, for his untiring support of this project NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6276-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6220 AR 62200K DI 10.1117/12.672268 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BES58 UT WOS:000239301100015 ER PT J AU Yoganandan, N Pintar, FA Stemper, BD Baisden, JL Aktay, R Shender, BS Paskoff, G AF Yoganandan, N Pintar, FA Stemper, BD Baisden, JL Aktay, R Shender, BS Paskoff, G TI Bone mineral density of human female cervical and lumbar spines from quantitative computed tomography SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE bone mineral density; cervical spine; human subjects ID FOLLOW-UP AB Study Design. This study determined bone mineral density (BMD) of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae in healthy asymptomatic human subjects. Objectives. To test the hypothesis that BMD of neck vertebrae (C2-C7) is equivalent to BMD of lumbar vertebrae (L2-L4). Summary of Background Data. BMD of lumbar vertebrae is correlated to their strength. Although numerous studies exist quantifying BMD of the human lumbar spine, such information for the cervical spine is extremely limited. In addition, BMD correlations are not established between the two regions of the spinal column. Methods. Adult healthy human female volunteers with ages ranging from 18 to 40 years underwent quantitative computed tomography (CT) scanning of the neck and back. All BMD data were statistically analyzed using paired nonrepeating measures ANOVA techniques. Significance was assigned at a P < 0.05. Linear regression analyses were used to compare BMD as a function of level and region; +/- 95% confidence intervals were determined. Results. When data were grouped by cervical (C2-C7), thoracic (T1), and lumbar (L2-L4) spines, mean BMD was 260.8 +/- 42.5, 206.9 +/- 33.5, and 179.7 +/- 23.4 mg/mL. Average BMD of cervical vertebrae was higher than (P < 0.0001) thoracic and lumbar spines. Correlations between BMD and level indicated the lowest r value for T1 (0.42); in general, the association was the strongest in the lumbar spine (r = 0.89-0.95). The cervical spine also responded with good correlations among cervical vertebrae (r ranging from 0.66 to 0.87). Conclusions. The present study failed to support the hypothesis that BMD of lumbar spine vertebrae is equivalent to its cranial counterparts. The lack of differences in BMD among the three lumbar vertebral bodies confirms the appropriateness of using L2, L3, or L4 in clinical or biomechanical situations. However, significant differences were found among different regions of the vertebral column, with the cervical spine demonstrating higher trabecular densities than the thoracic and lumbar spines. In addition, the present study found statistically significant variations in densities even among neck vertebrae. C1 Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. VA Med Ctr, Milwaukee, WI USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Radiol, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Yoganandan, N (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM yoga@mcw.edu NR 16 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1 BP 73 EP 76 DI 10.1097/01.brs.0000192684.12046.93 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 998VD UT WOS:000234347100016 PM 16395180 ER PT J AU Davis, MC AF Davis, MC TI Suzuki cross-coupling method to prepare 4,4 ''-diamino-p-terphenyl SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE diamino; dinitro; palladium; Suzuki reaction; terphenyl AB The synthesis of 4,4 ''- dinitro-p-terphenyl is accomplished by double Suzuki cross-coupling. The product was reduced catalytically to give 4,4 ''- diamino-p-terphenyl in 75% overall yield. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, Code 498220D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2006 VL 36 IS 10 BP 1343 EP 1346 DI 10.1080/00397910500521845 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 033MY UT WOS:000236853700003 ER PT J AU Davis, MC Nissan, DA AF Davis, Matthew C. Nissan, David A. TI Preparation of diamines of adamantane and diamantane from the diazides SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE adamantane; azidotrimethylsilane; diamantane; diamines; diazides; dibromides ID POLYIMIDES; POLYAMIDES AB A novel synthetic method for preparing diaminodiamondoids from diazidodiamondoids starting from the hydrocarbons is described. C1 USN, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, Air Warfare Ctr Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, Air Warfare Ctr Weap Div, Code 498220D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2006 VL 36 IS 15 BP 2113 EP 2119 DI 10.1080/00397910600636600 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 054ZX UT WOS:000238419300004 ER PT J AU Davis, MC Liu, SG AF Davis, Matthew C. Liu, Shenggao TI Selective apical bromination of diamantane and conversion to the dihydroxy and dicarboxylic acid derivatives SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE bromination; diamantane; dibromide; dicarboxylic acid; dihydroxy; iron; Koch-Haaf ID ADAMANTANE AB New conditions have been found that provide for the selective bromination of diamantane at the 4,9-positions. Subsequent hydrolysis and Koch - Haaf reaction gave the 4,9-dihydroxy- and 4,9-dicarboxylic acid derivatives, respectively. C1 Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Chevron Technol Ventures LLC, MolecularDiamond Technol, Richmond, CA USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, Code 498220D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil NR 14 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2006 VL 36 IS 23 BP 3509 EP 3514 DI 10.1080/00397910600943428 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 108CC UT WOS:000242216900006 ER PT B AU Ross, AL AF Ross, Andrew L. BE Edmonds, M Tsai, MM TI Taiwan's defense reform Questions and observations SO TAIWAN'S DEFENSE REFORM SE Routledge Security in Asia Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Ctr Naval Warfare Studies, Strateg Res Dept, Newport, RI USA. RP Ross, AL (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Ctr Naval Warfare Studies, Strateg Res Dept, Newport, RI USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-02773-8 J9 ROUTL SECUR ASIA SER PY 2006 BP 16 EP 25 PG 10 WC Area Studies; International Relations; Political Science SC Area Studies; International Relations; Government & Law GA BMY38 UT WOS:000273888500004 ER PT J AU Wei, MZ Toth, Z Wobus, R Zhu, YJ Bishop, CH Wang, XG AF Wei, MZ Toth, Z Wobus, R Zhu, YJ Bishop, CH Wang, XG TI Ensemble transform Kalman filter-based ensemble perturbations in an operational global prediction system at NCEP SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION; ADAPTIVE OBSERVATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS; VECTORS; CENTERS; ECMWF; FIELD AB The initial perturbations used for the operational global ensemble prediction system of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction are generated through the breeding method with a regional resealing mechanism. Limitations of the system include the use of a climatologically fixed estimate of the analysis error variance and the lack of an orthogonalization in the breeding procedure. The Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (ETKF) method is a natural extension of the concept of breeding and, as shown by Wang and Bishop, can be used to generate ensemble perturbations that can potentially ameliorate these shortcomings. In the present paper, a spherical simplex 10-member ETKF ensemble, using the actual distribution and error characteristics of real-time observations and an innovation-based inflation, is tested and compared with a 5-pair breeding ensemble in an operational environment. The experimental results indicate only minor differences between the performances of the operational breeding and the experimental ETKF ensemble and only minor differences to Wang and Bishop's earlier comparison studies. As for the ETKF method, the initial perturbation variance is found to respond to temporal changes in the observational network in the North Pacific. In other regions, however, 10 ETKF perturbations do not appear to be enough to distinguish spatial variations in observational network density. As expected, the whitening effect of the ETKF together with the use of the simplex algorithm that centres a set of quasi-orthogonal perturbations around the best analysis field leads to a significantly higher number of degrees of freedom as compared to the use of paired initial perturbations in operations. As a new result, the perturbations generated through the simplex method are also shown to exhibit a very high degree of consistency between initial analysis and short-range forecast perturbations, a feature that can be important in practical applications. Potential additional benefits of the ETKF and Ensemble Transform methods when using more ensemble members and a more appropriate inflation scheme will be explored in follow-up studies. C1 NOAA NWS NCEP, SAIC, Camp Springs, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. NOAA CIRES CDC, Boulder, CO USA. RP NOAA NWS NCEP, SAIC, Camp Springs, MD USA. EM mozheng.wei@noaa.gov RI Wang, Xuguang/C-5458-2013; Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015 OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194 NR 35 TC 48 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 8 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6495 EI 1600-0870 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 58 IS 1 BP 28 EP 44 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2006.00159.x PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 008IZ UT WOS:000235035300004 ER PT J AU Rosmond, T Xu, L AF Rosmond, T Xu, L TI Development of NAVDAS-AR: non-linear formulation and outer loop tests SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID 4-DIMENSIONAL VARIATIONAL ASSIMILATION; INVERSE; SYSTEM; MODEL AB NAVDAS-AR is the 4DVAR extension of the United States Navy's operational 3DVAR data assimilation system, NAVDAS (Naval Research Laboratory Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System), where AR stands for accelerated representer. Like NAVDAS, NAVDAS-AR is cast in observation space, and is an observation space formulation of the 4DVAR algorithm, in contrast to the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts 4DVAR system, which is an analysis space algorithm. In this paper we show how an inner loop linear solution can be augmented by an outer loop iteration procedure that introduces non-linear effects in the form of a first-order Taylor series expansion. The non-linear problem is then solved iteratively as a sequence of linear problems. We show results of the outer loop strategy, where the first loop, the `linear' solution, is modified in the second outer loop by both a Taylor series term in the calculation of the observation innovations, and a linearized form of the background model that is linearized about an analysis `trajectory' from the solution of the first loop. We also show results of how the outer loop strategy allows better assimilation of observations of surface wind speed and precipitable water, compared to the operational NAVDAS. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Xu, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM xu@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 20 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 58 IS 1 BP 45 EP 58 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2006.00148.x PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 008IZ UT WOS:000235035300005 ER PT B AU Lee, D Shang, EC AF Lee, Ding Shang, Er-Chang BE Tolstoy, A Shang, EC Teng, YC TI The energy-conserving property of the standard PE SO Theoretical and Computational Acoustics 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Computational Acoustics CY SEP 19-23, 2005 CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Hangzhou Assoc Int Exchange Personnel, US ONR, US NUWC, Columbia Univ, Zhejiang Univ, Ist Nazl Oceanog & Geofis Superimentale, Hangzhou Appl Acoust Res Inst, Key Lab Geophys Explorat, Hangzhou Municipal Govt AB In 1974 a model was introduced by Frederick D. Tappert for predicting long-range wave propagation in a range-dependent environment. He applied the parabolic Equation approximation to transform the Helmholtz equation into a parabolic equation, the very first Parabolic Equation (PE). A pressure-release surface boundary is considered along with an artificial bottom boundary treatment. This paper proved that the Tappert model is energy-conserving. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Lee, D (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-084-1 PY 2006 BP 119 EP 123 DI 10.1142/9789812772602_0011 PG 5 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA BFU71 UT WOS:000244717300011 ER PT S AU Le, Y Glaser, K Romano, A Manduca, A Lai, JP Roberts, LR Primak, S Ehman, R Felmlee, JP AF Le, Yuan Glaser, Kevin Romano, Anthony Manduca, Armando Lai, Jinping Roberts, Lewis R. Primak, Svetlana Ehman, Richard Felmlee, Joel P. BE Clement, GT McDannold, NJ Hynynen, K TI Study of shear wave displacement change measured by 1D MRE during focused ultrasound treatment: Preliminary study SO THERAPEUTIC ULTRASOUND SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Therapeutic Ultrasound CY OCT 27-29, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Int Soc Therapeut Ultrasound, Acout Soc Amer, Fdn Focused Ultrasound Res DE MR elastography (MRE); focused ultrasound surgery (FUS) ID ELASTOGRAPHY AB A new method is evaluated for using ID MR elastography to monitor focused ultrasound surgery (FUS) treatment in real time. A MRI compatible ultrasound system was used and 29 pieces of ex vivo porcine tissue and 2 nude mice breast tumor xenoplant were evaluated for the change of shear wave displacement measured at the focus of pulsed ultrasound. This study shows the potential of I D MR elastography to be used for FUS treatment monitoring. C1 [Le, Yuan] Mayo Clin Coll Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Glaser, Kevin; Manduca, Armando; Primak, Svetlana; Ehman, Richard; Felmlee, Joel P.] Mayo Clin Coll Med, Radiat Dept, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Romano, Anthony] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lai, Jinping; Roberts, Lewis R.] Mayo Clin Coll Med, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Le, Y (reprint author), Mayo Clin Coll Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. OI Roberts, Lewis/0000-0001-7885-8574 FU NIH [CA 95683, EB 001981] FX This work was supported by NIH grant CA 95683 and EB 001981. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0321-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 829 BP 186 EP + PG 2 WC Acoustics; Biophysics; Medicine, General & Internal SC Acoustics; Biophysics; General & Internal Medicine GA BEN61 UT WOS:000238329700037 ER PT S AU Hochedez, JF Schmutz, W Stockman, Y Schuhle, U BenMoussa, A Koller, S Haenen, K Berghmans, D Defise, JM Halain, JP Theissen, A Delouille, V Slemzin, V Gillotay, D Fussen, D Dominique, M Vanhellemont, F McMullin, D Kretzschmar, M Mitrofanov, A Nicula, B Wauters, L Roth, H Rozanov, E Ruedi, I Wehrli, C Soltani, A Amano, H Van der Linden, R Zhukov, A Clette, F Koizumi, S Mortet, V Remes, Z Petersen, R Nesladek, M D'Olieslaeger, M Roggen, J Rochus, P AF Hochedez, J. -F. Schmutz, W. Stockman, Y. Schuehle, U. BenMoussa, A. Koller, S. Haenen, K. Berghmans, D. Defise, J. -M. Halain, J. -P. Theissen, A. Delouille, V. Slemzin, V. Gillotay, D. Fussen, D. Dominique, M. Vanhellemont, F. McMullin, D. Kretzschmar, M. Mitrofanov, A. Nicula, B. Wauters, L. Roth, H. Rozanov, E. Rueedi, I. Wehrli, C. Soltani, A. Amano, H. Van der Linden, R. Zhukov, A. Clette, F. Koizumi, S. Mortet, V. Remes, Z. Petersen, R. Nesladek, M. D'Olieslaeger, M. Roggen, J. Rochus, P. BE Schmidtke, G TI LYRA, a solar UV radiometer on Proba2 SO THERMOSPHERIC-IONOSPHERIC-GEOSPHERIC (TIGER) SYMPOSIUM SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE sun; irradiance; sun; UV radiation; sun; flares; solar-terrestrial relations; aeronomy; instrumentation; detectors; diamond; techniques; radiometry ID IRRADIANCE COMPARISON EXPERIMENT-1; OCCULTATION RADIOMETER; EMISSION-LINES; VUV RADIOMETER; EUV; INSTRUMENT; BOARD; VARIABILITY; MODEL; CALIBRATIONS AB LYRA is the solar UV radiometer that will embark in 2006 onboard Proba2, a technologically oriented ESA micro-mission. LYRA is designed and manufactured by a Belgian-Swiss-German consortium (ROB, PMOD/WRC, IMOMEC, CSL, NIPS and BISA) with additional international collaborations. It will monitor the solar irradiance in four UV passbands. They have been chosen for their relevance to Solar Physics, Aeronomy and Space Weather: (1) the 115-125 nm Lyman-alpha channel, (2) the 200-220 nm Herzberg continuum range, (3) the Aluminium filter channel (17-70 nm) including He II at 30.4 nm and (4) the Zirconium filter channel (1-20 nm). The radiometric calibration will be traceable to synchrotron source standards (PTB and NIST). The stability will be monitored by onboard calibration sources (LEDs), which allow to distinguish between potential degradations of the detectors and filters. Additionally, a redundancy strategy maximizes the accuracy and the stability of the measurements. LYRA will benefit from wide bandgap detectors based on diamond: it will be the first space assessment of a pioneering UV detectors program. Diamond sensors make the instruments radiation-hard and solar-blind: their high bandgap energy makes them insensitive to visible light and, therefore, make dispensable visible light blocking filters, which seriously attenuate the desired ultraviolet signal. Their elimination augments the effective area and hence the signal-to-noise, therefore increasing the precision and the cadence. The SWAP EUV imaging telescope will operate next to LYRA on Proba2. Together, they will establish a high performance solar monitor for operational space weather nowcasting and research. LYRA demonstrates technologies important for future missions such as the ESA Solar Orbiter. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Royal Observ Belgium, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. Phys Meteorol Observat Davos & World Radiat Ctr, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. Limburgs Univ Centrum, Inst Mat Res, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. Ctr Spatial Liege, B-4031 Angleur, Belgium. Max Planck Inst Sonnensystemforsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Duhm, Germany. Belgian Inst Space Aeronomy, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CNR, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-100133 Rome, Italy. IMEC, Div IMOMEC, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. IMEC, Div IMOMEC, B-3590 Louvain, Belgium. IMEC, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. Natl Inst Mat Sci, Adv Mat Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. Meijo Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Nagoya, Aichi 4688502, Japan. Inst Electron Microelect & Nanotechnol, F-59652 Villeneuve Dascq, France. RP Hochedez, JF (reprint author), Royal Observ Belgium, Circular Ave 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. EM hochedez@oma.be RI Haenen, Ken/G-8783-2011; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Mortet, Vincent/G-6180-2014; Remes, Zdenek/G-9420-2014; Slemzin, Vladimir/M-3113-2015; Mitrofanov, Alexander/N-2322-2015; Schmutz, Werner/B-4153-2014 OI Haenen, Ken/0000-0001-6711-7367; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Remes, Zdenek/0000-0002-3512-9256; Schmutz, Werner/0000-0003-1159-5639 NR 45 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2006 VL 37 IS 2 SI 2006 BP 303 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.10.041 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BEG35 UT WOS:000237214900015 ER PT S AU Warren, HP AF Warren, HP BE Schmidtke, G TI NRLEUV 2: A new model of solar EUV irradiance variability SO THERMOSPHERIC-IONOSPHERIC-GEOSPHERIC (TIGER) SYMPOSIUM SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE solar cycles; EUV irradiance ID REFERENCE SPECTRUM; QUIET SUN; EMISSION; ULTRAVIOLET; IMPROVEMENTS; FORMULATION; REGIONS AB NRLEUV represents an independent approach to modeling the Sun's EUV irradiance and its variability. Instead of relying on existing irradiance observations, our model utilizes differential emission measure distributions derived from spatially and spectrally resolved solar observations, full-disk solar images, and a database of atomic physics parameters to calculate the solar EUV irradiance. Recent updates to the model include the calculation of a new quiet Sun differential emission measure distribution using data from the CDS and SUMER spectrometers on SOHO and the use of a more extensive database of atomic physics parameters. Here, we present comparisons between the NRLEUV quiet Sun reference spectrum and solar minimum irradiance observations. Although there are many areas of agreement between the modeled spectrum and the observations, there are some major disagreements. The computed spectra cannot reproduce the observed irradiances at wavelengths below about 160 A. The observed irradiances appear to overstate the magnitude of the EUV continua. We also present some initial comparisons between the NRLEUV irradiance variability model and TIMED/ SEE data. We find that the NRLEUV model tends to overpredict the absolute magnitude of the irradiance at many wavelengths. The model also appears to underpredict the magnitude of the solar-cycle and solar rotational variation in transition region emission lines. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Warren, HP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hwarren@nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2006 VL 37 IS 2 SI 2006 BP 359 EP 365 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.10.028 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BEG35 UT WOS:000237214900020 ER PT B AU Lambrakos, SG Milewski, JO Moon, DW AF Lambrakos, S. G. Milewski, J. O. Moon, D. W. BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Algorithms for Inverse Analysis of Welding Processes SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Pine Mt, GA SP ASM AB An examination of the structure of algorithms for inverse analysis of welding and heat deposition processes is presented. The mathematical foundation of these algorithms is that a very large class of temperature fields, associated with different types of welding processes, can be represented parametrically by a relatively small set of functions that includes linear combinations of solutions to the heat conduction equation. Issues concerning the use of algorithms based on different types of parametric representations related to different types of welding processes are discussed. Our emphasis is on the characteristics of algorithms for inverse analysis as well as general aspects of the inverse problem approach. A prototype analysis is presented that serves to demonstrate many of the characteristics of these algorithms that are significant for their practical application. C1 [Lambrakos, S. G.; Moon, D. W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lambrakos, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-842-7 PY 2006 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BPT87 UT WOS:000279918300009 ER PT B AU Forrest, D Nguyen, J Posada, M DeLoach, J Boyce, D Cho, J Dawson, P AF Forrest, D. Nguyen, J. Posada, M. DeLoach, J. Boyce, D. Cho, J. Dawson, P. BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Simulation of HSLA-65 Friction Stir Welding SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Pine Mt, GA SP ASM AB Friction stir welds in steel exhibit a wide range of microstructural features that result from large gradients in temperature, strain, and strain rate during the welding process. HSLA-65 steel friction stir welds contain mixtures of ferrite and pearlite, acicular ferrite, bainite, and martensite/austenite constituent, with varying amounts of deformation and grain refinement. The thermomechanical gradients also affect the precipitate size distribution and dislocation densities, and consequently the mechanical properties of the weld, all of which can vary significantly throughout various regions of the weld. In order to better understand the relationships between processing, structure, and properties we have simulated the thermomechanical history of different regions of an HSLA-65 friction stir weld. The simulations consisted of both computational and Gleeble (R) studies. The computational modeling was conducted using an Eulerian finite element formulation for coupled steady-state viscoplastic flow and heat transfer to determine the velocity field and temperature distribution in the process zone around the tool. This allowed us to estimate thermomechanical histories along streamlines of the velocity field. The experimental simulations involved taking the computational results and programming the Gleeble to deform specimens according to the calculated thermomechanical histories. We compared the simulated microstructures and microhardnesses with those in an actual FSW weld to validate the Gleeble simulation results and the model results. The key findings of this study are: using the Gleeble 1500, we have the capability to simulate the thermomechanical history characteristic of the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) in HSLA-65 there are nuances in experimental technique that are critical for uniform deformation of compression specimens to achieve the desired thermomechanical history there was anisotropy in the hardness between the transverse and longitudinal planes; this may be a result of the directional flow during the compression and could affect the spatial variation of properties within an actual weld the microstructure of the simulated TMAZ did not match the microstructure of the actual TMAZ; specific improvements to the computational model should improve the thermomechanical history prediction, viz calculating the heat transfer through the pin tool, using Hart model parameters appropriate to HSLA-65, getting the program to converge with the travel speed and rotation rate of the actual weld, and moving to a three dimensional representation of the system. C1 [Forrest, D.; Nguyen, J.; Posada, M.; DeLoach, J.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Forrest, D (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-842-7 PY 2006 BP 279 EP 286 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BPT87 UT WOS:000279918300045 ER PT B AU Cooper, KP Lambrakos, SG AF Cooper, K. P. Lambrakos, S. G. BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Fabrication of Net-Shape Metallic Parts by Overlapping Reinforced Weld Beads SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Pine Mt, GA SP ASM AB Metallic parts can be made by depositing metal in a layer-by-layer fashion. By this means, a layered structure, made up of overlapped reinforced weld beads, is produced. Prototypes, customized parts and tooling can be made this way. However, for layer-by-layer fabrication to move from prototyping to manufacturing, the processes need to be reliable and consistent. Detailed microstructural and thermal characterizations of the product are needed to advance the manufacturing goals. We present our analysis of the microstructure of the solidified overlapped weld pools and an inverse-problem model for the calculation of thermal fields during layer-by-layer deposition, that is potentially adaptable for prediction of temperature histories in samples made by these processes. C1 [Cooper, K. P.; Lambrakos, S. G.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-842-7 PY 2006 BP 647 EP 652 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BPT87 UT WOS:000279918300102 ER PT B AU Moon, DW Feng, CR Lambrakos, SG Metzbower, EA AF Moon, D. W. Feng, C. R. Lambrakos, S. G. Metzbower, E. A. BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Correlating Temperatures, Structures and Hardness in A36 GMA Welds SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Pine Mt, GA SP ASM ID STEEL WELDS AB A unique series of welds have been fabricated in ASTM A36 steel plate by gas metal arc welding at heat inputs of 1.0, 1.6, and 2.2 kJ/mm. The initial pass was made over the entire length of the plate. Each subsequent pass was indented approximately 25 mm and then made the length of the plate. This configuration allowed us to examine the consequence of a subsequent weld pass on the prior weld beads by slicing the welds at appropriate positions along its length. These slices were then polished and the macrostructure was determined. Hardness maps were then determined over the entire weld zone, including the heat-affected zone and the base plate. Correlations were then determined between the hardness maps and the macrostructure. A bead-on-plate weld was made at the same heat inputs and was used to determine the temperature regimes as well as thermal profiles from these areas. These temperature regimes were used to determine the temperatures in the weld on a pass-by-pass procedure. Relationships showing good correlations are observed between the various microstructures, the macrostructure, the calculated thermal profiles, and the hardness values. The tempering that occurs as a result of a subsequent pass has been quantified and follows the experimental data. C1 [Moon, D. W.; Feng, C. R.; Lambrakos, S. G.; Metzbower, E. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moon, DW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-842-7 PY 2006 BP 725 EP 730 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BPT87 UT WOS:000279918300115 ER PT B AU Zhilyaev, AP Oh-ishi, K Raab, GI McNelley, TR AF Zhilyaev, A. P. Oh-ishi, K. Raab, G. I. McNelley, T. R. BE Zhu, YT Langdon, TG Horita, Z Zehetbauer, MJ Semiatin, SL Lowe, TC TI Influence of processing parameters on texture and microstructure in ECAP'ed aluminum SO Ultrafine Grained Materials IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Ultrafine Grained Materials CY MAR 12-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Mech Behav Mat Comm, Structural Mat Div, Minerals, Metals & Mat Soc, Shaping & Forming Comm, Mat Proc & Mfg Div DE equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP); aluminum; textures; grain boundaries ID CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; EVOLUTION AB The influence of die relief angle, backpressure and number of passes on texture and microstructure during equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) of commercially pure aluminum has been studied. Material was processed using a 90 degrees die and examined by orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) after the initial pressing operation and after four passes by route A. Highly refined (sub)grain structures are achieved irrespective of die relief angle and backpressure but both microstructures and textures are inhomogeneous after the initial ECAP pass. The OIM data indicate that the distortion during ECAP generally corresponds to idealized ECAP especially when pressing with backpressure. ECAP textures comprise prominent shear texture components and high-angle boundaries are generally interfaces between particular shear texture components. A large (90 degrees) die relief angle leads to spreading of shearing through a fan-shaped region at the die channel intersection and shear texture components that align with the fan. Backpressure suppresses this tendency and results in textures corresponding more nearly to idealized ECAP. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astron Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Zhilyaev, AP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astron Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Zhilyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1902-8703 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA PY 2006 BP 113 EP 118 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BEQ28 UT WOS:000238900400016 ER PT B AU Zhilyaev, AP Oh-Ishi, K Langdon, TG McNelley, TR AF Zhilyaev, A. P. Oh-ishi, K. Langdon, T. G. McNelley, T. R. BE Zhu, YT Langdon, TG Horita, Z Zehetbauer, MJ Semiatin, SL Lowe, TC TI Microstructure evolution in commercial purity aluminum during high-pressure torsion SO Ultrafine Grained Materials IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Ultrafine Grained Materials CY MAR 12-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Mech Behav Mat Comm, Structural Mat Div, Minerals, Metals & Mat Soc, Shaping & Forming Comm, Mat Proc & Mfg Div DE aluminum; high-pressure torsion (HPT); microstructure; ultrafine grains ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; GRAIN-REFINEMENT; NICKEL; SUPERPLASTICITY AB An investigation was conducted to evaluate the microstructural evolution occurring in disks of commercial purity aluminum processed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) under constrained conditions. Microhardness measurements were taken to assess the variation in hardness across the diameters of disks subjected to different imposed strains and the microstructures were observed at the edges and in the centers of the disks using transmission electron microscopy. The results show the microhardness is lower and there is less grain refinement in the central regions of the disks in the initial stages of torsional straining but the microstructures become reasonably homogeneous across the disks at high-imposed strains. A comparison with the results of an OIM study of ECAP aluminum is also presented. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Zhilyaev, AP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010; OI Zhilyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1902-8703 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA PY 2006 BP 245 EP 250 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BEQ28 UT WOS:000238900400036 ER PT B AU Pao, PS Jones, HN Feng, CR Witkin, DB Lavernia, EJ AF Pao, P. S. Jones, H. N. Feng, C. R. Witkin, D. B. Lavernia, E. J. BE Zhu, YT Langdon, TG Horita, Z Zehetbauer, MJ Semiatin, SL Lowe, TC TI Fatigue and fracture in bimodal Al 5083 SO Ultrafine Grained Materials IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Ultrafine Grained Materials CY MAR 12-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Mech Behav Mat Comm, Structural Mat Div, Minerals, Metals & Mat Soc, Shaping & Forming Comm, Mat Proc & Mfg Div DE fatigue crack growth; ultrafine grain; microstructure; bimodal; aluminum ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; ALLOY/; AL AB The fatigue crack growth and fracture resistance of ultrafine-grained (UFG) Al 5083 having a bimodal grain size were investigated. The bimodal Al 5083 was prepared either by mixing ball-milled particulates with various amounts of larger grained powders or by diffusion-controlled coarse grain formation at the interparticle void regions during HIPping. The bimodal Al 5083 thus produced consists of bands containing UFG grains and coarse grains. With increasing volume fraction of larger grained material, the yield strength of the bimodal Al 5083 is lowered progressively while its tensile ductility and fracture toughness are increased significantly. Fatigue crack growth rates of bimodal Al 5083 are lower than those of all-UFG Al 5083. The lower fatigue crack growth rates are accompanied by more tortuous crack paths when the crack propagated through the coarse grain regions in the bimodal Al 5083. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pao, PS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lavernia, Enrique/I-6472-2013 OI Lavernia, Enrique/0000-0003-2124-8964 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA PY 2006 BP 331 EP 336 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BEQ28 UT WOS:000238900400049 ER PT S AU Pistacchio, D AF Pistacchio, David BE Carapezza, EM TI Unmanned/unattended naval undersea sensor systems: Examples of today's technologies and challenges for the future - art. no. 623103 SO Unattended Ground , Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications VIII CY APR 17-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE unmanned vehicles; automation; Navy vessels; area search; barfier search; cost reduction AB The use of sensors for undersea warfare (USW) missions involves a wide spectrum of approaches. Among the many related research and development thrusts is a healthy focus on computer automation and flexible sensor positioning by low cost semi-autonomous platforms. Automation is being applied to organic sensors on large capital ships as well as distributed sensors detached from a central command center for the purposes of increasing area search rate, managing workload, and reducing cost. Particular capabilities are driven by mission-specific considerations such as large area or barrier search in deep water, shallow littorals, or riverine locations. For example, automation incorporated in undersea sensors on mobile unmanned vehicles will likely be different than approaches implemented on larger ships. Likewise, leave behind sensors on the surface or bottom will provide yet different performance attributes. Autonomous platforms including the unmanned undersea vehicle (UUV), unmanned surface vehicle (USV) and unmanned air vehicles (UAV) will host sensors that play a key role. The resulting landscape includes a fairly intricate set of sensor types, platforms, and operational methods. An overview of selected unmanned and/or unattended naval undersea sensor technologies is discussed, along with some of the inherent capabilities that make them advantageous to specific USW missions. One example of cost savings achievable through extensive use of automation is provided to illustrate potential ancillary benefits. The primary technical challenges that need to be overcome before these sensors can reach their desired operational capability are also discussed. C1 USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Pistacchio, D (reprint author), USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6287-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6231 BP 23103 EP 23103 AR 623103 DI 10.1117/12.674090 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEU84 UT WOS:000239560800001 ER PT S AU Blottman, JB Richards, RT AF Blottman, John B. Richards, Roger T. BE Carapezza, EM TI The Jellyfish: "Smart" Electro-Active Polymers for an autonomous distributed sensing node - art. no. 62311E SO Unattended Ground , Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications VIII CY APR 17-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE distributed sensing; electro-active polymer; energy harvesting; sonar ID ELECTROSTRICTIVE POLYMERS; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; TERPOLYMER AB The US Navy has recently placed emphasis on deployable, distributed sensors for Force Protection, Anti-Terrorism and Homeland Defense missions. The Naval Undersea Warfare Center has embarked on the development of a self-contained deployable node that is composed of electro-active polymers (EAP) for use in a covert persistent distributed surveillance system. Electro-Active Polymers (EAP) have matured to a level that permits their application in energy harvesting, hydrophones, electro-elastic actuation and electroluminescence. The problem to resolve is combining each of these functions into an autonomous sensing platform. The concept presented here promises an operational life several orders of magnitude beyond what is expected of a Sonobuoy due to energy conservation and harvesting, and at a reasonable cost. The embodiment envisioned is that of a deployed device resembling a jellyfish, made in most part of polymers, with the body encapsulating the necessary electronic processing and communications package and the tentacles of the jellyfish housing the sonar sensors. It will be small, neutrally buoyant, and will survey the water column much in the manner of a Cartesian Diver. By using the Electro-Active Polymers as artificial muscles, the motion of the jellyfish can be finely controlled. An increased range of detection and true node autonomy is achieved through volumetric array beamforming to focus the direction of interrogation and to null-out extraneous ambient noise. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Blottman, JB (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6287-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6231 BP E2311 EP E2311 AR 62311E DI 10.1117/12.673124 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEU84 UT WOS:000239560800036 ER PT S AU LaComb, J Mileski, P AF LaComb, Julie Mileski, Paul BE Carapezza, EM TI Ultra-wide band ground wave communication for a distributed sensor network - art. no. 62310F SO Unattended Ground , Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications VIII CY APR 17-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE UWB; Ultra-wide band; ultra wideband; HF; Groundwave; Ground wave; Surfacewave; Distributed Sensors; baseband communications; impulse communications AB Ultra-wide band (UWB) ground wave (GW) is a novel means of communications for use with distributed networked sensors at sea. Although multiple distributed sensor systems are in development, the communications method for these systems has yet to be fully realized. The buoys that relay the sensor information have several key features: they must be small enough so they are not highly noticeable and do not pose a navigation hazard; they must be cheap enough to be expendable; they must be able to run on limited battery power; the communications link must be at a great enough distance so that fewer buoys are needed; and they must deal with multipath from the sea surface. Ultra-wide band ground wave will address many of these issues. UWB is being developed commercially at 3-10 GHz. UWB requires low power and the transmitters are extremely easy to implement making the system inexpensive and small. UWB provides low probability of detection and interception. However commercial UWB operates at very short distances. Implementing UWB Ground Wave instead of commercial-band UWB will extend the communication range between buoys LIP to 10 miles. The distributed sensors will transmit to a central buoy for data relay via satellite or communicate directly to a submarine, UUV or surface ship antenna. This project is currently being funded by Office of Naval Research (ONR) 313. The project commenced in October 2005. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP LaComb, J (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6287-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6231 BP F2310 EP F2310 AR 62310F DI 10.1117/12.673006 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEU84 UT WOS:000239560800012 ER PT S AU Carpenter, R Silvia, M Cray, BA AF Carpenter, Robert Silvia, Manuel Cray, Benjamin A. BE Carapezza, EM TI The design of a broadband ocean acoustic laboratory: Detailed examination of vector sensor performance - art. no. 62310P SO Unattended Ground , Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications VIII CY APR 17-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE vector sensor; performance bounds AB Acoustic vector sensors measure the acoustic pressure and three orthogonal components of the acoustic particle acceleration at a single point in space. These sensors, and arrays composed of them, have a number of advantages over traditional hydrophone arrays. This includes full azimuth/elevation angle estimation, even with a single sensor. It is of interest to see how in-water vector sensor performance matches theoretical bounds. A series of experiments designed to characterize the performance of vector sensors operating in shallow water was conducted to assess sensor mounting techniques, and evaluate the sensor's ability to measure bearing and elevation angles to a source as a function of waveform characteristics and signal-to-noise ratio. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Carpenter, R (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6287-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6231 BP P2310 EP P2310 AR 62310P DI 10.1117/12.673726 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEU84 UT WOS:000239560800018 ER PT S AU Bandyopadhyay, PR McNeilly, FJ Thivierge, DP Fredette, AR AF Bandyopadhyay, Promode R. McNeilly, Frank J. Thivierge, Daniel P. Fredette, Albert R. BE Carapezza, EM TI Coastal microbial fuel cell: Scaling laws and systems - art. no. 62310S SO Unattended Ground , Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications VIII CY APR 17-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL ID POWER AB Microbes, like Geobacters, have inhabited the seafloors around the world since the early days of earth. Such regions are anaerobic and they gain energy by using the widely prevalent iron oxides and organic matters. Because they appear to colonize conducting surfaces that act as sinks of electrons, microbial fuel cells have been shown to convert organic matter to electricity. A microbial fuel cell system has been deployed in Narragansett Bay in Newport, Rhode Island for a year. Currently, the cathode and anode areas are of the order of that of a small wind mill. Measurements have been carried out to determine the marine scaling laws of power harvesting in passive benthic microbial fuel cells. The focus has been on the ocean engineering aspects such as marine scaling laws and the integration of the biochemical and the electronic systems. The characteristics examined are: the relationship of electrode surface area and power produced, the stabilization rates of ionic paths, that is, the effects of location depth of cathodes on stabilization after deployment, the effects of solar and lunar cycles in the Narragansett Bay on the dynamic components of power produced, and the hysteresis effects between periods of active power harvesting and dormancy; the effects of 'on sediment surface' versus 'in sediment' anode deployment have been examined for smaller electrode areas so far. A capacitance model of power consumption and harvesting has been proposed for the marine environment. It is assumed that the primordial benthic microbe laden layer of the earth acts like a giant capacitor. In the microbial fuel cell, this charged benthic layer acts in series with a smaller constant voltage DC power source. This giant benthic capacitance is a result of untapped accumulated charge from the microbes while the DC source originates from the real-time production due to the microbes. Finally, the microbial fuel cell is integrated with a power conversion system to intermittently energize a small incandescent lantern in the NUWC Stillwater Basin located in Narragansett Bay in Rhode Island. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous Syst & Technol Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Bandyopadhyay, PR (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous Syst & Technol Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6287-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6231 BP S2310 EP S2310 AR 62310S DI 10.1117/12.673727 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEU84 UT WOS:000239560800021 ER PT S AU Steinberg, M AF Steinberg, Marc BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Intelligent autonomy for unmanned naval vehicles - art. no. 623013 SO Unmanned Systems Technology VIII, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology VIII CY APR 17-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE intelligent autonomy; dynamic replanning; unmanned vehicle; UAV; UUV; USV; UGV AB This paper provides an overview of the development and demonstration of intelligent autonomy technologies for control of heterogeneous unmanned naval air and sea vehicles and describes some of the current limitations of such technologies. The focus is on modular technologies that support highly automated retasking and fully autonomous dynamic replanning for up to ten heterogeneous unmanned systems based on high-level mission objectives, priorities, constraints, and Rules-of-Engagement. A key aspect of the demonstrations is incorporating frequent naval operator evaluations in order to gain better understanding of the integrated man/machine system and its tactical utility. These evaluations help ensure that the automation can provide information to the user in a meaningful way and that the user has a sufficient level of control and situation awareness to task the system as needed to complete complex mission tasks. Another important aspect of the program is examination of the interactions of higher-level autonomy algorithms with other relevant components that would be needed within the decision-making and control loops. Examples of these are vision and other sensor processing algorithms, sensor fusion, obstacle avoidance, and other lower level vehicle autonomous navigation, guidance, and control functions. Initial experiments have been completed using medium and high-fidelity vehicle simulations in a virtual warfare environment and inexpensive surrogate vehicles in flight and in-water demonstrations. Simulation experiments included integration of multi-vehicle task allocation, dynamic replanning under constraints, lower level autonomous vehicle control, automatic assessment of the impact of contingencies on plans, management of situation awareness data, operator alert management, and a mixed-initiative operator interface. In-water demonstrations of a maritime situation awareness capability were completed in both a river and a harbor environment using unmanned surface vehicles and a buoy as surrogate platforms. In addition, a multiple heterogeneous vehicle demonstration was performed using five different types of small unmanned air and ground vehicles. This provided some initial experimentation with specifying tasking for high-level mission objectives and then mapping those objectives onto heterogeneous unmanned vehicles that each have different lower-level autonomy software. Finally, this paper will discuss lessons learned. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Steinberg, M (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6286-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6230 BP 23013 EP 23013 AR 623013 DI 10.1117/12.665870 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BEV96 UT WOS:000239711700034 ER PT S AU Hansen, E Huntsberger, T Elkins, L AF Hansen, Eric Huntsberger, Terry Elkins, Les BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Autonomous maritime navigation developing autonomy skill sets for USVs SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY VIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology VIII CY APR 17-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE USV; autonomy; skill set; AMN; navigation; vision; control; behavior; composable AB Many emerging UV (Unmanned Vehicle) cooperative control systems utilizing mission decomposition and generic UV management techniques are UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) oriented and transition well from model simulations to hardware due to the relative homogeneity of the air environment. Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USV's) and other ground borne vehicles, to function robustly, must have an additional onboard capacity to negotiate local environmental and indigenous operational factors in order to be commanded by a network, and this capacity is most easily delineated into Skill Sets. The Autonomous Maritime Navigation Program (AMN) is developing USV systems which target full intelligent autonomous operations and autonomy Skill Sets to allow USV's to perform unsupervised complex missions over extended time periods at the platform level with minimum human supervision. Importantly, this allows control systems developed for cooperating UV's to effectively control USV's by enabling local platform issues decision making at the platform level. Using a 40 foot laboratory boat, advanced on-board control, sensing, data fusion, physical plant and payload monitoring and management are being adapted and integrated as a system to replace traditional human crew functions. This paper discusses a path to achieve the goal of full USV autonomy equipped with skills to self manage, survive and navigate, and progress being made with enabling technology pieces. Initiatives and partnerships have been formed with academia, industry, and other DoD laboratories to these ends in both independent and collaborative RDT&E projects. Discussion includes ongoing work in sensing, data fusion, dynamic mission planning, execution and boat operations, and integration to JAUS/TCS control protocols. C1 USN, Combatant Craft Dept, Ctr Surface Warfare, Norfolk, VA 23521 USA. RP Hansen, E (reprint author), USN, Combatant Craft Dept, Ctr Surface Warfare, 2600 Tarawa Court, Norfolk, VA 23521 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6286-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6230 AR 62300U DI 10.1117/12.666936 PN 1-2 PG 20 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BEV96 UT WOS:000239711700026 ER PT B AU Lawson, E Duric, Z AF Lawson, Ed Duric, Zoran GP INSTICC TI Using deficits of convexity to recognize hand gestures from silhouettes SO VISAPP 2006: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications, Vol 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications CY FEB 25-28, 2006 CL Polytechn Inst Setubal, Business Sch, Setubal, PORTUGAL SP Inst Syst & Technologies Informat, Control & Commun, Setubal Polytechn Inst HO Polytechn Inst Setubal, Business Sch DE convex hull; gesture recognition; human computer interaction; deficits of convexity; k-means clustering AB We describe a method of recognizing hand gestures from hand silhouettes. Given the silhouette of a hand, we compute its convex hull and extract the deficits of convexity corresponding to the differences between the hull and the silhouette. The deficits of convexity are normalized by rotating them around the edges shared with the hull. To learn a gesture, the deficits from a number of examples are extracted and normalized. The deficits are grouped by similarity which is measured by the relative overlap using k-means clustering. Each cluster is assigned a symbol and represented by a template. Gestures are represented by string of symbols corresponding to the nearest neighbors of the deficits. Distinct sequences of symbols corresponding to a given gesture are stored in a dictionary. Given an unknown gesture, its deficits of convexity are extracted and assigned the corresponding sequence of symbols. This sequence is compared with the dictionary of known gestures and assigned to the class to which the best matching string belongs. We used our method to design a gesture interface to control a web browser. We tested our method on five different subjects and achieved a recognition rate of 92% - 99%. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lawson, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INSTICC-INST SYST TECHNOLOGIES INFORMATION CONTROL & COMMUNICATION PI SETUBAL PA AVENIDA D MANUEL L, 27A 2 ESQUERDO, SETUBAL, 2910-595, PORTUGAL BN 972-8865-40-6 PY 2006 BP 123 EP 128 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BFH75 UT WOS:000241914300020 ER PT S AU Wert, R Goroch, A Worthington, E Chan, K Tremper, D Schuette, L AF Wert, R. Goroch, A. Worthington, E. Chan, K. Tremper, D. Schuette, L. BE Rao, RM Dianat, SA Zoltowski, MD TI Near earth propagation of distributed sensors: Problems and solutions - art. no. 624810 SO Wireless Sensing and Processing SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wireless Sensing and Processing CY APR 17-18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE near earth propagation; diffraction; time perturbations; refractivity; refractive index AB Both the military and consumer sectors are driving towards distributed networked sensors. A major stumbling block to deployment of these sensors is the radio frequency (RF) propagation environment within a few wavelengths of the earth. Increasing transmit power (battery consumption) is not the practical solution to the problem. This paper will discuss some aspects of the near earth propagation (NEP) problem and provide a few solutions. When radiating near the earth the communications link is subjected to a list of physical impairments. On the list are the expected Fresnel region encroachment and multipath reflections along with the intriguing radiation pattern changes and near earth boundary layer perturbations. A significant amount of data has been collected on NEP. Disturbances in the NEP atmosphere have a time varying attenuation related to the solar radiation (insolation). Solutions, or workarounds, to the near earth propagation problem hinge on dynamic adaptive RF elements. Adaptive RF elements will allow the distributed sensor to direct energy, beam form, impedance correct, increase communication efficiency, and decrease battery consumption. Small electrically controllable elements are under development to enable antenna impedance matching in a dynamic environment. Additionally, small dynamic beam forming antennas will be developed to focus RF energy in the direction of need. By creating provisions for decreasing the output RF power to the level required, battery consumption can be reduced. With the addition of adaptive RF elements, distributed autonomous networked sensors can become a reality within a few centimeters of the earth. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wert, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6304-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6248 BP 24810 EP 24810 AR 624810 DI 10.1117/12.665035 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BES11 UT WOS:000239236300032 ER PT J AU Robinson, S Thierfelder, K AF Robinson, Sherman Thierfelder, Karen BE DiazBonilla, E Frandsen, SE Robinson, S TI The Effects of Domestic Agricultural Reforms and Market Access on Trade and Production in Less Developed Countries SO WTO NEGOTIATIONS AND AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION: THE EFFECT OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES' POLICIES ON DEVELOPING COUNTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Robinson, Sherman] Univ Sussex, Dept Econ, Sch Social Sci, Brighton BN1 95N, E Sussex, England. [Thierfelder, Karen] USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Robinson, S (reprint author), Univ Sussex, Dept Econ, Sch Social Sci, Brighton BN1 95N, E Sussex, England. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-050-9 PY 2006 BP 103 EP 121 DI 10.1079/9781845930509.0103 PG 19 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BWA40 UT WOS:000293267200006 ER PT J AU Nielsen, CP Thierfelder, KE AF Nielsen, Chantal Pohl Thierfelder, Karen E. BE DiazBonilla, E Frandsen, SE Robinson, S TI Trade in Genetically Modified Food: Promises and Pitfalls for the Poor SO WTO NEGOTIATIONS AND AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION: THE EFFECT OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES' POLICIES ON DEVELOPING COUNTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES C1 [Nielsen, Chantal Pohl] Danish Res Inst Food Econ, Agr Policy Res Div, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Thierfelder, Karen E.] USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Nielsen, CP (reprint author), Danish Res Inst Food Econ, Agr Policy Res Div, Rolighedsvej 25, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-050-9 PY 2006 BP 261 EP 281 DI 10.1079/9781845930509.0261 PG 21 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BWA40 UT WOS:000293267200013 ER PT J AU Soto, CM Patterson, CH Charles, PT Martin, BD Spector, MS AF Soto, CM Patterson, CH Charles, PT Martin, BD Spector, MS TI Immobilization and hybridization of DNA in a sugar polyacrylate hydrogel SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE DNA immobilization; hydrogel; confocal microscopy; DNA hybridization ID NUCLEIC-ACIDS; MICROCHIPS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS; SURFACE; MICROARRAYS; SUBSTRATE; ALGINATE; DENSITY AB Using a non-contact microarrayer, amine-terminated probe oligonucleotides representing 20-, 50-, and 70-mer fragments of the fliC gene were covalently coupled into three-dimensional regions in a "sugar polyacrylate" hydrogel based on poly(6-acryloyl-beta-O-methyl galactopyranoside-co-aminopropyl methacrylamide). The arrayer deposited the solution containing ssDNA probes in discrete regions on the surface of the gel (i.e. as a droplet with a ca. 450 mu m diameter), allowing penetration and attachment of the ss DNA within the three dimensional region of the gel. The attachment was mediated by the homobifunctional crosslinker bis-succinimidyl suberate. Confocal microscopy showed the density of attached probe DNA was greatest in the interior-most regions of the gel volume. Target ssDNA (20- and 70-mer) was able to diffuse through the gel and undergo successful hybridization with the probes. For target ssDNA in the concentration range 0.19 mu M to 6.0 mu M, there was a linear correlation between DNA concentration and the fluorescence of the gel region where hybridization occurred. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Soto, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cmsoto@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 10 U2 22 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD DEC 30 PY 2005 VL 92 IS 7 BP 934 EP 942 DI 10.1002/bit.20665 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 991CC UT WOS:000233788800014 PM 16155955 ER PT J AU Carroll, FI Chaudhari, S Thomas, JB Mascarella, SW Gigstad, KM Deschamps, J Navarro, HA AF Carroll, FI Chaudhari, S Thomas, JB Mascarella, SW Gigstad, KM Deschamps, J Navarro, HA TI N-substituted cis-4a-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-8a-methyloctahydroisoquinolines are opioid receptor pure antagonists SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POSSESS HIGHLY POTENT; NARCOTIC-ANTAGONISTS; KAPPA; IDENTIFICATION; DISCOVERY; (+)-(3R,4R)-DIMETHYL-4-(3-HYDROXYPHENYL)PIPERIDINE; DERIVATIVES; LIGAND AB N-Substituted cis-4a-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-8a-methyloctahydroisoquinolines (6a-g) were designed and synthesized as conformationally constrained analogues of the trans-3,4-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine (4) class of opioid receptor pure antagonists. The methyloctabydroisoquinolines 6a-g can exist in conformations where the 3-hydroxyphenyl substituent is either axial or equatorial, similar to the (3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidines 4. The 3-hydroxyphenyl equatorial conformation is responsible for the antagonist activity observed in the (3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine antagonists. Single-crystal X-ray analysis of 6a shows that the 3-hydroxyphenyl equatorial conformation is favored in the solid state. Molecular modeling studies also suggest that the equatorial conformation has lower potential energy relative to that of the axial conformation. Evaluation of 6a-g in the [S-35]GTP-gamma-S in vitro functional assay showed that they were opioid receptor pure antagonists. N-[4a-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-8a-methyl-2-(3-phenylpropyl)octahydroisoquinoline-6-yl]-3-(piperidin-1-yl)propionamide (6d) with a K-e of 0.27 nM at the kappa opioid receptor with 154- and 46-fold selectivity relative to those of the mu and 6 receptors, respectively, possessed the best combination Of K potency and selectivity. C1 Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carroll, FI (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM fic@rti.org OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010; Mascarella, Wayne/0000-0003-0092-8178 FU NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA009045-12, DA09045, R01 DA009045, R01 DA009045-02, R01 DA009045-05, R01 DA009045-06, R01 DA009045-07, R01 DA009045-08, R01 DA009045-09, R01 DA009045-10, R01 DA009045-11, R01 DA009045-13, R01 DA009045-14] NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD DEC 29 PY 2005 VL 48 IS 26 BP 8182 EP 8193 DI 10.1021/jm058261c PG 12 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 998EQ UT WOS:000234301800011 PM 16366600 ER PT J AU Clapp, AR Medintz, IL Uyeda, HT Fisher, BR Goldman, ER Bawendi, MG Mattoussi, H AF Clapp, AR Medintz, IL Uyeda, HT Fisher, BR Goldman, ER Bawendi, MG Mattoussi, H TI Quantum dot-based multiplexed fluorescence resonance energy transfer SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIVE CELLS; CDSE; PROTEIN; DONORS; ASSAY; NANOCRYSTALS; BIOSENSORS; DIAGNOSTICS; ACCEPTORS; SYSTEM AB We demonstrate the use of luminescent quantum dots (QDs) conjugated to dye-labeled protein acceptors for nonradiative energy transfer in a multiplexed format. Two configurations were explored: (1) a single color QD interacting with multiple distinct acceptors and (2) multiple donor populations interacting with one type of acceptor. In both cases, we showed that simultaneous energy transfer between donors and proximal acceptors can be measured. However, data analysis was simpler for the configuration where multiple QD donors are used in conjunction with one acceptor. Steady-state fluorescence results were corroborated by time-resolved measurements where selective shortening of CD lifetime was measured only for populations that were selectively engaged in nonradiative energy transfer. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5611, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hedimat@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 42 TC 179 Z9 180 U1 3 U2 83 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 28 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 51 BP 18212 EP 18221 DI 10.1021/ja054630i PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 997PK UT WOS:000234258700052 PM 16366574 ER PT J AU Vora, GJ Meador, CE Bird, MM Bopp, CA Andreadis, JD Stenger, DA AF Vora, GJ Meador, CE Bird, MM Bopp, CA Andreadis, JD Stenger, DA TI Microarray-based detection of genetic heterogeneity, antimicrobial resistance, and the viable but nonculturable state in human pathogenic Vibrio spp. SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE pathogen detection; molecular diagnostics; cholera ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PANDEMIC STRAINS; DNA MICROARRAYS; MESSENGER-RNA; CHOLERAE O139; SXT ELEMENT; CTX-PHI; PARAHAEMOLYTICUS; VIRULENCE; VULNIFICUS AB The morbidity and mortality associated with Vibrio-mediated waterborne diseases necessitates the development of sensitive detection technologies that are able to elucidate the identity, potential pathogenicity, susceptibility, and viability of contaminating bacteria in a timely manner. For this purpose, we have designed a single multiplex PCR assay to simultaneously amplify 95 diagnostic regions (encompassing species/serogroup-specific, antimicrobial resistance, and known toxin markers) and combined it with a long oligonucleotide microarray to create a platform capable of rapidly detecting and discriminating the major human pathogenic species from the genus Vibrio: V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, and V. mimicus. We were able to validate this strategy by testing 100 geographically and temporally distributed isolates and observed an excellent concordance between species- and serotype-level microarray-based identification and traditional typing methods. In addition to accurate identification, the microarray simultaneously provided evidence of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements, such as sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim constins and class I integrons, and common toxin (ctxAB, rtxA, hap, hlyA, tl, tdh, trh, vvhA, vlly, and vmhA) and pathogenicity (tcpA, type III secretion system) genes that are associated with pathogenic Vibrio. The versatility of this method was further underscored by its ability to detect the expression of known toxin and virulence genes from potentially harmful viable but nonculturable organisms. The results suggest that this molecular identification method provides rapid and definitive information that would be of value in epidemiological, environmental, and health risk assessment surveillance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vora, GJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gvora@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 49 TC 75 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 17 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 27 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 52 BP 19109 EP 19114 DI 10.1073/pnas.0505033102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 998WG UT WOS:000234350000059 PM 16354840 ER PT J AU Levin, M Pukhov, A Hubbard, RF Kaganovich, D Gordon, DF Sprangle, P Ting, A Hafizi, B Zigler, A AF Levin, M Pukhov, A Hubbard, RF Kaganovich, D Gordon, DF Sprangle, P Ting, A Hafizi, B Zigler, A TI Longitudinal profiles of plasma parameters in a laser-ignited capillary discharge and implications for laser wakefield accelerator applications SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDE; LI-III; PULSES; CHANNELS AB The evolution of longitudinal electron density and temperature profiles in plasma channel produced by a low-current Plexiglas capillary discharge with laser ignition was investigated by spectroscopic methods. The plasma was produced by an electric discharge using a 0.5 mm diameter, 15 mm long Plexiglas capillary. The electron density measured in near-outlet region was found to be lower by 30%. Simulations show that this variation of the plasma density near the entrance of the capillary can pose substantial difficulties for external injection of electrons for laser wakefield accelerator applications. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. LET Corp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Zigler, A (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM zigler@vms.huji.ac.il RI zigler, arie/C-2667-2012 NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 26 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 26 AR 261501 DI 10.1063/1.2149183 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 998SD UT WOS:000234338700016 ER PT J AU Holmes, BT Snow, AW AF Holmes, BT Snow, AW TI Aliphatic thioacetate deprotection using catalytic tetrabutylammonium. cyanide SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article DE thioacetate; deprotection; tetrabutylammoniurn cyanide; thiol ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; GOLD SURFACES; THIOLS; NANOCLUSTERS; ALKANETHIOLS; FABRICATION; KINETICS; POLYMER; ACIDS; MILD AB A series of thiol-functionalized organic compounds were selected to analyze the scope and efficiency of a new thioacetate deprotection method using catalytic tetrabutylammonium cyanide (TBACN) to effect the transformation of a thioacetate group to a free thiol in the presence of a protic solvent. Particularly attractive are the mild reaction and workup conditions, reduced byproduct formation typically seen using literature methods and yields of greater than 80% for the free aliphatic thiols. This method is effective on aliphatic thiols with trityl, benzyl, p-halo-benzyl, phenethyl, phenoxyethyl, and cyclohexylethyl structural moieties, but it is not effective with thiophenols. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Holmes, BT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bholmes@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD DEC 26 PY 2005 VL 61 IS 52 BP 12339 EP 12342 DI 10.1016/j.tet.2005.09.092 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 994YF UT WOS:000234066400015 ER PT J AU Burton, TM Eaton, JK AF Burton, TM Eaton, JK TI Fully resolved simulations of particle-turbulence interaction SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID FINITE REYNOLDS-NUMBER; DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; UNSTEADY-FLOW INTERACTIONS; LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD; FREE-STREAM VELOCITY; RIGID SPHERE; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; STRAINING FLOW; MODERATE RE; SHEAR-FLOW AB The interaction between a fixed particle and decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence is studied numerically using an overset grid that provides resolution of all scales of fluid motion. A description of the numerical technique and validation of the solution procedure are presented. An ensemble of 64 simulations with the particle in different regions of the flow is computed. The particle diameter in the simulations is approximately twice the size of the unladen Kolmogorov length scale, and the maximum value of the particle Reynolds numbers due to the turbulent fluctuations is close to 20. Ensemble averages of quantities from the numerical solutions are used to investigate the turbulence modification and the fluid forces on the particle. Volume-averaged profiles of the turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation rate from the overset grid simulations reveal that the displacement of fluid by the particle and the formation of the boundary layer at the particle surface lead to turbulence modification in a local region. Time histories of the force applied to the particle from each overset grid simulation are compared to those predicted by a particle equation of motion. The particle equation of motion is shown to underpredict the root mean square (RMS) force applied to the particle by the turbulence. RMS errors between the forces from the overset grid simulation and those predicted by the particle equation of motion are shown to be between 15 % and 30 % of the RMS force on the particle. The steady viscous drag force is shown to be the dominant term in the particle equation of motion while the history integral term is negligible. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 70 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 39 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD DEC 25 PY 2005 VL 545 BP 67 EP 111 DI 10.1017/S0022112005006889 PG 45 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 998FN UT WOS:000234304100004 ER PT J AU Schmidt, PP AF Schmidt, PP TI Analysis of local anharmonicity using Gaussian model potentials and Cartesian oscillator basis sets: Example, HCN SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MATRIX-ELEMENTS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; ROVIBRATIONAL ENERGIES; MOLECULAR VIBRATIONS; TRANSFORMATION; EXPANSIONS; CONSTANTS; HYDROGEN; SURFACE AB This paper examines local anharmonic vibrations in molecules using an analysis that starts with an ab initio potential energy surface, fits a model potential constructed of Gaussian basis functions, and proceeds to a quantum mechanical analysis of the anharmonic modes using Cartesian harmonic oscillator basis functions in a variational calculation. The objective of this work is to suggest methods, with origins in nuclear and molecular (electronic) cuantum mechanics, that should be useful for the accurate analysis of the local anharmonic motions of hydrogen, and perhaps other atoms or small molecular fragments, residing in molecularly complicated but otherwise harmonic environments. C1 Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Schmidt, PP (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 22 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 50 BP 11429 EP 11436 DI 10.1021/jp053385m PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 995QR UT WOS:000234119400014 PM 16354032 ER PT J AU Vosbein, HAT Boatz, JA Kenney, JW AF Vosbein, HAT Boatz, JA Kenney, JW TI Moment analysis method as applied to the S-2 -> P-2 transition in cryogenic alkali metal/rare gas matrices SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; ATOM BLUE TRIPLET; ISOLATION SPECTROSCOPY; LASER-ABLATION; XENON MATRICES; S-2->P-2 TRANSITION; ELECTRONIC STATES; RESONANCE SPECTRA; LITHIUM ATOMS AB The moment analysis method (MA) has been tested for the case of S-2 -> P-2 ([core]ns(1) -> [core]np(1)) transitions of alkali metal atoms (M) doped into cryogenic rare gas (Rg) matrices using theoretically validated simulations. Theoretical/computational M/Rg system models are constructed with precisely defined parameters that closely mimic known M/Rg systems. Monte Carlo (MC) techniques are then employed to generate simulated absorption and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra of the S-2 -> P-2 M/Rg transition to which the MA method can be applied with the goal of seeing how effective the MA method is in re-extracting the M/Rg system parameters from these known simulated systems. The MA method is summarized in general, and an assessment is made of the use of the MA method in the rigid shift approximation typically used to evaluate M/Rg systems. The MC-MCD simulation technique is summarized, and validating evidence is presented. The simulation results and the assumptions used in applying MA to M/Rg systems are evaluated. The simulation results on Na/Ar demonstrate that the MA method does successfully re-extract the P-2 spin-orbit coupling constant and Lande g-factor values initially used to build the simulations. However, assigning physical significance to the cubic and noncubic Jahn-Teller (JT) vibrational mode parameters in cryogenic M/Rg systems is not supported. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Propuls Div, PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Concordia Univ, Chem Phys Lab, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. RP Vosbein, HAT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7180, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 22 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 50 BP 11453 EP 11461 DI 10.1021/jp053592m PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 995QR UT WOS:000234119400017 ER PT J AU Mushrush, GW Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT Willauer, HD Hardy, DR AF Mushrush, GW Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT Willauer, HD Hardy, DR TI Incompatibility of recycled soy-derived biodiesels in marine environments SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB It has been suggested that renewable energy sources be considered as replacements or blending stocks for middle-distillate ground transportation and marine fuels. It is vital for the operational considerations of these fuels to investigate the many positives and negatives that this use could prompt. Unlike air environments, water environments also have a pH factor that has to be considered. Most U.S. Navy shipboard fuel tanks compensate for diminishing fuel by the addition of seawater to the fuel tank. It was found that this practice would lead to fuel instability problems such as filter plugging and potentially other serious engine damage. C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Mushrush, GW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Code 6180,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gmushrus@gmu.edu NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC 21 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 26 BP 9969 EP 9972 DI 10.1021/ie0580497 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 995MO UT WOS:000234104600020 ER PT J AU Menon, G Dermer, CD AF Menon, G Dermer, CD TI Analytic solutions to the constraint equation for a force-free magnetosphere around a Kerr black hole SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; gravitation ID ELECTRODYNAMICS; FORMULATION; SIMULATIONS AB The Blandford-Znajek constraint equation for a stationary, axisymmetric black hole force-free magnetosphere is cast in a 3+1 absolute space and time formulation, following the work of Komissarov. We derive an analytic solution for fields and currents to the constraint equation in the far-field limit that satisfies the Znajek condition at the event horizon. This solution generalizes the Blandford-Znajek monopole solution for a slowly rotating black hole to black holes with arbitrary angular momentum. Energy and angular momentum extraction through this solution occurs mostly along the equatorial plane. We also present a nonphysical, reverse-jet-like solution. C1 Troy Univ, Troy, AL 36082 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Troy Univ, Troy, AL 36082 USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2005 VL 635 IS 2 BP 1197 EP 1202 DI 10.1086/497631 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 996NZ UT WOS:000234182100041 ER PT J AU Karpen, JT Tanner, SEM Antiochos, SK DeVore, CR AF Karpen, JT Tanner, SEM Antiochos, SK DeVore, CR TI Prominence formation by thermal nonequilibrium in the sheared-arcade model SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : prominences ID SOLAR CORONAL LOOPS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; DYNAMICS; FILAMENTS; DIPS AB The existence of solar prominences - cool, dense, filamented plasma suspended in the corona above magnetic neutral lines - has long been an outstanding problem in solar physics. In earlier numerical studies we identified a mechanism, thermal nonequilibrium, by which cool condensations can form in long coronal flux tubes heated locally above their footpoints. To understand the physics of this process, we began by modeling idealized symmetric flux tubes with uniform cross-sectional area and a simplified radiative-loss function. The present work demonstrates that condensations also form under more realistic conditions, in a typical flux tube taken from our three-dimensional MHD simulation of prominence magnetic structure produced by the sheared arcade mechanism. We compare these results with simulations of an otherwise identical flux tube with uniform cross-sectional area, to determine the influence of the overall three-dimensional magnetic configuration on the condensation process. We also show that updating the optically thin radiative loss function yields more rapidly varying, dynamic behavior in better agreement with the latest prominence observations than our earlier studies. These developments bring us substantially closer to a fully self-consistent, three-dimensional model of both magnetic field and plasma in prominences. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Karpen, Judith/E-1484-2012; Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; DeVore, C/A-6067-2015 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X NR 25 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2005 VL 635 IS 2 BP 1319 EP 1328 DI 10.1086/497531 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 996NZ UT WOS:000234182100051 ER PT J AU Huang, LL Massa, L Karle, J AF Huang, LL Massa, L Karle, J TI Kernel energy method: Application to DNA SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; B-DNA; A-DNA; BINDING; RECOGNITION; TRANSITION; RESOLUTION; FEATURES AB The kernel energy method (KEM) has been used in three recent papers (1-3) to calculate the quantum mechanical ab inito molecular energy of peptides and the protein insulin. It was found to have good accuracy. The computational difficulty of representing a molecule increases only modestly with the number of atoms. The calculations are simplified by adopting the approximation that a full biological molecule can be represented by smaller "kernels" of atoms. In this paper, the accuracy of the KEM is tested in the application to DNA, whose basic kernels, chemical bonding, and overall molecular structure are quite different from peptides and proteins. The basic kernel in the case of peptides and proteins is an amino acid. The basic kernel in the case of DNA is a nucleotide consisting of a phosphate -sugar-base. The molecular energy is calculated for all three basic types of DNA, i.e., B, A, and Z configurations of DNA. The results give an accuracy that is comparable to that achieved with peptides and proteins. Thus, the KEM is found to be applicable to major types of biological molecules. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY, Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, Grad Sch, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Karle, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM williams@harker.nrl.navy.mil FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-03037]; NIGMS NIH HHS [S06GM606654] NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD DEC 20 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 50 BP 16747 EP 16752 DI 10.1021/bi0516551 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 994MQ UT WOS:000234036300037 PM 16342965 ER PT J AU Shen, ZH Lott, KM Wright, ME McHugh, MA AF Shen, ZH Lott, KM Wright, ME McHugh, MA TI Impact of configuration and fluorination on the solubility of octyl ester benzoate dimers in CO2 SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE vapor-liquid equilibria; carbon dioxide; supercritical ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; MIXTURES; POLYMERS; MPA AB Data are reported on the phase behavior of hydrocarbon and semifluoroinated octyl ester benzoate dimers in CO2 to temperatures of 100 degrees C and pressures of 1 600 bar. The experimental data at 75 degrees C demonstrate that the non-fluorinated head-to-head (H-H) dimer dissolves in CO2 at similar to 400 bar lower pressures than the non-fluorinated tail-to-tail (T-T) dimer. Even though partially fluorinating the octyl tails of the H-H and T-T dimers renders them soluble in CO, at pressures near 200 bar, it still takes similar to 40 bar more pressure to dissolve the fluorinated T-T dimer as compared to the H-H dimer. The difference in pressures needed to dissolve these dimers is attributed to steric constraints on the coplanarity of the benzene rings imposed by the H-H regiochemistry that do not exist with T-T dimers. Semi-empirical quantum mechanics calculations suggest that the H-H dimer has a twisted, non-coplanar conformation due to the steric effect of the octyl ester groups while the T-T dimer has a less twisted conformation. Steric hindrance in the H-H dimer reduces considerably resonance or conjugation between the pi electrons of the aromatic groups which also reduces the dipole moments of the H-H dimers compared to those of the T-T dimers. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem & Life Sci Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USN, NAWCWD, Div Chem, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP McHugh, MA (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem & Life Sci Engn, 601 W Main St, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM mmchugh@vcu.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD DEC 20 PY 2005 VL 238 IS 2 BP 210 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2005.09.19 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 992MD UT WOS:000233887100011 ER PT J AU Mikulski, PT Herman, LA Harrison, JA AF Mikulski, PT Herman, LA Harrison, JA TI Odd and even model self-assembled monolayers: Links between friction and structure SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; TETRAHEDRAL AMORPHOUS-CARBON; ORGANIC THIN-FILMS; CHAIN-LENGTH; DIAMOND SURFACES; ALKANETHIOL MONOLAYERS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CH3-TERMINATED FILMS; ENERGY-DISSIPATION AB The friction between an amorphous carbon tip and two n-alkane monolayers has been examined using classical molecular dynamics simulations. The two monolayers have the same packing density, but the chains comprising each monolayer differ in length by one -CH2- unit. The simulations show that the monolayers composed of C-13 chains have higher friction than those composed of C-14 chains when sliding in the direction of chain cant; the difference in friction becomes more pronounced as the load is increased. Examination of the contact forces between the chains and the tip, along with conformational differences between the two chain types, lends insight into the friction differences. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mikulski, PT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM mikulski@usna.edu; jah@usna.edu NR 66 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 20 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 26 BP 12197 EP 12206 DI 10.1021/la052044x PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 994WX UT WOS:000234063000024 PM 16342992 ER PT J AU Shao, L Lin, Y Swadener, JG Lee, JK Jia, QX Wang, YQ Nastasi, M Thompson, PE Theodore, ND Alford, TL Mayer, JW Chen, P Lau, SS AF Shao, L Lin, Y Swadener, JG Lee, JK Jia, QX Wang, YQ Nastasi, M Thompson, PE Theodore, ND Alford, TL Mayer, JW Chen, P Lau, SS TI Strain-facilitated process for the lift-off of a Si layer of less than 20 nm thickness SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-ON-INSULATOR; CRYSTALLINE SILICON; HYDROGEN AB We report a process for the lift-off of an ultrathin Si layer. By plasma hydrogenation of a molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown heterostructure of Si/Sb-doped-Si/Si, ultrashallow cracking is controlled to occur at the depth of the Sb-doped layer. Prior to hydrogenation, an oxygen plasma treatment is used to induce the formation of a thin oxide layer on the surface of the heterostructure. Chemical etching of the surface oxide layer after hydrogenation further thins the thickness of the separated Si layer to be only 15 nm. Mechanisms of hydrogen trapping and strain-facilitated cracking are discussed. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Freescale Semicond Inc, Adv Prod Res & Dev Lab, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Shao, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lshao@mailaps.org RI Chen, Peng/H-3384-2012; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; lin, yuan/B-9955-2013 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 19 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 25 AR 251907 DI 10.1063/1.2146211 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 995QM UT WOS:000234118900017 ER PT J AU Dolgov, OV Mazin, II Golubov, AA Savrasov, SY Maksimov, EG AF Dolgov, OV Mazin, II Golubov, AA Savrasov, SY Maksimov, EG TI Critical temperature and enhanced isotope effect in the presence of paramagnons in phonon-mediated superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN FLUCTUATIONS AB We reconsider the long-standing problem of the effect of spin fluctuations on the critical temperature and isotope effect in a phonon-mediated superconductor. Although the general physics of the interplay between phonons and paramagnons has been rather well understood, the existing approximate formulas fail to describe the correct behavior of T-c for general phonon and paramagnon spectra. Using a controllable approximation, we derive an analytical formula for T-c which agrees well with exact numerical solutions of the Eliashberg equations for a broad range of parameters. Based on both numerical and analytical results, we predict a strong enhancement of the isotope effect when the frequencies of spin fluctuation and phonons are of the same order. This effect may have important consequences for near-magnetic superconductors such as MgCNi3. C1 Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Twente, Fac Sci & Technol, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RAS, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia. RP Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Heisengbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Savrasov, Sergey/M-7157-2015; Dolgov, Oleg/M-8120-2015 OI Dolgov, Oleg/0000-0001-8997-2671 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 25 AR 257003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.257003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 995QI UT WOS:000234118500065 PM 16384497 ER PT J AU Yu, LH Keane, ZK Ciszek, JW Cheng, L Tour, JM Baruah, T Pederson, MR Natelson, D AF Yu, LH Keane, ZK Ciszek, JW Cheng, L Tour, JM Baruah, T Pederson, MR Natelson, D TI Kondo resonances and anomalous gate dependence in the electrical conductivity of single-molecule transistors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANDERSON MODEL; IMPURITY; ATOM AB We report Kondo resonances in the conduction of single-molecule transistors based on transition metal coordination complexes. We find Kondo temperatures in excess of 50 K, comparable to those in purely metallic systems. The observed gate dependence of the Kondo temperature is inconsistent with observations in semiconductor quantum dots and a simple single-dot-level model. We discuss possible explanations of this effect, in light of electronic structure calculations. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rice Univ, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RI Yu, Lam/F-9025-2012 NR 22 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 25 AR 256803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.256803 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 995QI UT WOS:000234118500058 PM 16384491 ER PT J AU Doescher, MS Pietron, JJ Dening, BM Long, JW Rhodes, CP Edmondson, CA Rolison, DR AF Doescher, MS Pietron, JJ Dening, BM Long, JW Rhodes, CP Edmondson, CA Rolison, DR TI Using an oxide nanoarchitecture to make or break a proton wire SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MANGANESE OXIDES; HUMIDITY SENSORS; MIXED CONDUCTORS; THIN-FILMS; DIFFUSION; IMPEDANCE; ELECTROLYTES; CONDUCTIVITY; DESIGN; LAYER AB We report that long-range proton diffusion (> 0.3 mm) is generated in monolithic ultraporous manganese oxide nanoarchitectures upon exposure to gas-phase water. The sol-gel-derived ambigel nanoarchitectures, with bicontinuous networks of covalently bonded nanoscale solid and through-connected mesopores, exhibit conductometric sensitivity to humidity as established by impedance spectroscopy. The spectra contain a Warburg feature from which the concentration and diffusion length of the protonic charge carriers are determined. Water adsorbs conformally onto the architecture's continuous solid network in equilibrium with atmospheric humidity to create a continuous water sheath that acts as a 3-D proton wire. As a result, monolithic manganese oxide ambigels exhibit an equilibrium conductometric response to humidity that is 14 times greater than that of previous reports for electrolytic manganese oxide. A packed bed of 1-10-mu m ambigel particulates in physical contact with one another, each with the same nanoscale morphology as the monolithic nanoarchitecture, also support long-range proton diffusion; however, the sensitivity to humidity is four times lower than the monolithic form due to restricted proton transport between adjacent particulates. Films composed of 0.3-12-mu m ambigel particulates supported on interdigitated array electrodes with 20-mu m electrode spacing express finite-diffusion behavior due to the short distance between the contact electrodes and have a conductometric sensitivity to humidity comparable to electrolytic MnO2 and 17 times lower than the monolithic ambigel. These results suggest that controlling the nature of the porous and solid phases in a nanoarchitecture provides a mechanism to limit interference from condensed water in conductometric gas-phase sensors. In addition, continuous monolithic architectures should improve electrochemical performance in devices where efficient long-range transport of protons or other ions is critical. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Pietron, JJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeremy.pietron@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; debra.rolison@nrl.navy.mil NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 24 BP 7924 EP 7932 DI 10.1021/ac051168b PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 995DD UT WOS:000234079200011 PM 16351139 ER PT J AU Monteil-Rivera, F Paquet, L Halasz, A Montgomery, MT Hawari, J AF Monteil-Rivera, F Paquet, L Halasz, A Montgomery, MT Hawari, J TI Reduction of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine by zerovalent iron: Product distribution SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUNICIPAL ANAEROBIC SLUDGE; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; BATCH EXPERIMENTS; GRANULAR IRON; RDX; HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE; SOIL; HMX; BIODEGRADATION; METAL AB RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) and HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) are cyclic nitramines ((CH2NNO2)(n); n=3 or 4, respectively) widely used as energetic chemicals. Their extensive use led to wide environmental contamination. In contrast to RDX, HMX tends to accumulate in soils due to its unique recalcitrance. In the present study, we investigated the potential of zerovalent iron (ZVI) to transform HMX under anoxic conditions. HMX underwent a rapid transformation when added in well-mixed anoxic ZVI-H2O batch systems to ultimately produce formaldehyde (HCHO), ammonium (NH4+), hydrazine (NH2NH2), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Time course experiments showed that the mechanism of HMX transformation occurred through at least two initial reactions. One reaction involved the sequential reduction of N-NO2 groups to the five nitroso products (1NO-HMX, cis-2NO-HMX, trans-2NO-HMX, 3NO-HMX, and 4NO-HMX). Another implied ring cleavage from either HMX or 1NO-HMX as demonstrated by the observation of methylenedinitramine (NH(NO2)CH2NH(NO2)) and another intermediate that was tentatively identified as (NH(NO2)CH2N(NO)CH2NH(NO2)) or its isomer (NH(NO)CH2N(NO2)CH2NH(NO2)). This is the first study that demonstrates transformation of HMX by ZVI to significant amounts of NH2NH2 and HCHO. Both toxic products seemed to persist under reductive conditions, thereby suggesting that the ultimate fate of these chemicals, particularly hydrazine, should be understood prior to using zerovalent iron to remediate cyclic nitramines. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hawari, J (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, 6100 Royalmount Ave, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. EM jalal.hawari@nrc.ca NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 24 BP 9725 EP 9731 DI 10.1021/es051315n PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 995VU UT WOS:000234133300052 PM 16475359 ER PT J AU Khandekar, AA Hawkins, BE Kuech, TF Yeh, JY Mawst, LJ Meyer, JR Vurgaftman, I Tansu, N AF Khandekar, AA Hawkins, BE Kuech, TF Yeh, JY Mawst, LJ Meyer, JR Vurgaftman, I Tansu, N TI Characteristics of GaAsN/GaAsSb type-II quantum wells grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy on GaAs substrates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MU-M; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; EMISSION; RANGE; GAIN AB Pseudomorphic four-period GaAs0.978N0.022/GaAs0.78Sb0.22 type-II multiquantum well structures were grown on (100) GaAs substrates by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy at 530 degrees C. The GaAs0.978N0.022 layers were grown at a V/III ratio of 685 and N/V ratio of 0.96, whereas the GaAs0.78Sb0.22 was grown at a V/III ratio of 3.8 and Sb/V ratio of 0.8. The superlattice peaks in the x-ray diffraction theta-2 theta scans around the (400) GaAs peak were fitted using a dynamical simulation model to determine layer thickness and alloy compositions. The GaAsN and GaAsSb thicknesses were similar to 8 nm and similar to 5 nm, respectively. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra were obtained at 30 K and the PL peak energy was found to match the type-II transition energy obtained from a 10-band k center dot p model. Postgrowth annealing under arsine-H-2 with a N-2 cooldown was found to increase the low temperature PL intensity and result in the appearance of luminescence at room temperature. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Opt Technol, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, 1415 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mawst@engr.wisc.edu RI Tansu, Nelson/A-2309-2008 OI Tansu, Nelson/0000-0002-3811-9125 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 12 AR 123525 DI 10.1063/1.2148620 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 998SM UT WOS:000234339700033 ER PT J AU Lu, P Edgar, JH Glembocki, OJ Klein, PB Glaser, ER Perrin, J Chaudhuri, J AF Lu, P Edgar, JH Glembocki, OJ Klein, PB Glaser, ER Perrin, J Chaudhuri, J TI High-speed homoepitaxy of SiC from methyltrichlorosilane by chemical vapor deposition SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE crystal structure; substrates; chemical vapor deposition process ID EPITAXIAL-FILMS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; GROWTH; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; MORPHOLOGY; CVD; 4H AB Silicon carbide was deposited homoepitaxially at high growth rates (up to 90 mu m/h) with methyltrichlorosilane (NITS) as the precursor in chemical vapor deposition. The Substrates were 6H- and 4H-SiC (0001) wafers with different misorientation (< 0.5 degrees, 3.5 degrees and 8 degrees) tilts toward (11720). At a growth temperature of 1400 degrees C, the grown film was composed of faceted grains and the surface was very rough. As the growth temperature increased, the crystal grains were enlarged and the films' surfaces became smoother and smoother. At 1600 degrees C. on 8 degrees misoriented substrate, a very smooth film with mirror-like Surface was generated. Raman spectroscopy showed that the polytypes of the films were affected by the substrate misorientation. When the 6H-SiC substrates were well oriented, i.e. with the offset angle of less than 0.5 degrees, 3C-SiC was deposited with numerous triangular stacking faults (TSFs). When the offset angle of Substrates was 3.5 degrees, Mixtures of 3C- and 6H-SiC polytypes were deposited. When the offset angle was 8 degrees, the epitaxial growth perfectly replicated the substrates' polytypes, i.e. high-quality 6H- and 4H-SiC epilayers were generated oil the 6H- and 4H-SiC substrates, respectively. The full-width half-maximum (FWHM) of X-ray diffraction rocking Curves for the c-plane Of pure smooth 6H- and 4H-SiC layers was in the range of 15-20 arcsecs. Photoluminescence (PL) confirmed the polytypes of 6H- and 4H-SiC layers: Both exhibited clear near-band edge emission at room temperature. These results demonstrate that NITS is a Suitable precursor for the rapid, high quality SiC epitaxy. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Wichita State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Lu, P (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Durland Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM plu@ksu.edu RI Chaudhuri, Jharna/E-8863-2013 NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 7 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 285 IS 4 BP 506 EP 513 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.08.053 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 996HI UT WOS:000234164600010 ER PT J AU Schmidt, WE Guza, RT Slinn, DN AF Schmidt, WE Guza, RT Slinn, DN TI Surf zone currents over irregular bathymetry: Drifter observations and numerical simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR SHEAR INSTABILITIES; RIP CURRENTS; ALONGSHORE CURRENTS; NEARSHORE CIRCULATION; BARRED BEACH; WAVES; SWELL; FIELD; BUOY AB Surf zone currents over irregular bathymetry were observed with GPS-tracked drifters and modeled with the depth-integrated nonlinear shallow water equations. Trajectories of drifters released in 1-2 m depth sometimes defined rip currents and surf zone eddies, features that have been difficult to resolve with fixed instruments. The drifter-delineated surf zone circulation evolved as the tidal level changed during each 4-6 hour deployment. In one case, as the tide dropped, a shore normal rip current present for the first 2 hours evolved to a more shore parallel flow. In a second case, on a rising tide a well-developed bifurcated rip current was replaced by a weak, amorphous circulation. Rip current velocities were strongest near the surf zone edge and decayed by an order of magnitude within 2 surf zone widths from the shoreline. An eddy was observed to persist over a bathymetric depression within the surf zone for at least 1 hour. Observed and numerically simulated drifter trajectories define similar flow features, but the observed and modeled velocities differed by roughly a factor of 2, and flow evolution observed during roughly 0.5 m changes in tidal level were reproduced only if the simulated water levels varied by about 1 m. The alongshore momentum balance was spatially variable, with wave forcing balanced by pressure gradient, friction, and advective terms. The cross-shore momentum balance was everywhere dominated by wave forcing and pressure gradient terms of about equal magnitude. In the vicinity of a simulated rip current the residual of the cross-shore wave forcing and pressure gradient increased and was balanced by advection terms. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Florida, Civil & Coastal Engn Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Schmidt, WE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM wschmidt@nrlssc.navy.mil; rguza@coast.ucsd.edu; slinn@coastal.ufl.edu NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 110 IS C12 AR C12015 DI 10.1029/2004JC002421 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 998CG UT WOS:000234295000001 ER PT J AU Sethian, JD Raffray, AR Latkowski, J Blanchard, JP Snead, L Renk, TJ Sharafat, S AF Sethian, JD Raffray, AR Latkowski, J Blanchard, JP Snead, L Renk, TJ Sharafat, S TI An overview of the development of the first wall and other principal components of a laser fusion power plant SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY; TARGETS; DESIGN; RADIATION; INJECTION; SOMBRERO AB This paper introduces the JNM Special Issue on the development of a first wall for the reaction chamber in a laser fusion power plant. In this approach to fusion energy a spherical target is injected into a large chamber and heated to fusion burn by an array of lasers. The target emissions are absorbed by the wall and encapsulating blanket, and the resulting heat converted into electricity. The bulk of the energy deposited in the first wall is in the form of X-rays (1.0-100 keV) and ions (0.1-4 MeV). in order to have a practical power plant, the first wall must be resistant to these emissions and suffer virtually no erosion oil each shot. A wall candidate based oil tungsten armor bonded to a low activation ferritic steel substrate has been chosen as the initial system to be studied. The choice was based oil the vast experience with these materials in a nuclear environment and the ability to address most of the key remaining issues with existing facilities. This overview paper is divided into three parts. The first part summarizes the current state of the development of laser fusion energy. The second part introduces the tungsten armored ferritic steel concept, the three critical development issues (thermo-mechanical fatigue, helium retention, and bonding) and the research to address them. Based oil progress to date the latter two appear to be resolvable, but the former remains a challenge. Complete details are presented in the companion papers in this JNM Special Issue. The third part discusses other factors that must be considered in the design of the first wall, including compatibility with blanket concepts, radiological concerns, and structural considerations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Sethian, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Av SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sethian@this.nrl.navy.mil NR 43 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 347 IS 3 BP 161 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.08.019 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 994II UT WOS:000234024500002 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Gettrust, JF AF Pandey, RB Gettrust, JF TI Flow response of a segregating mixture by interacting lattice gas simulation SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE lattice gas; mixture; segregation; non-equilibrium steady state; linear response ID PHASE-SEPARATION; HYDRATE; METHANE; FLUID AB Steady-state flow and structural profiles of immiscible components A and B (molecular weights M-A and M-B, M-A < M-B) in a non-conservative open system are studied by an interacting lattice gas Monte Carlo simulation. Concentration gradient and hydrostatic bias H drive the constituents (A,B) which are continuously released from the bottom with equal probability against gravity. At low bias, the segregation of A and B leading to a partial layering is enhanced toward the bottom. The longitudinal density profile with a high density in the bottom region and low toward the top shows linear, exponential, and power-law decays in different regions of depth or altitude which varies systematically with the pressure bias. The transverse density profiles show segregation with different domain sizes and layering depending on the bias. Response of their steady-state flux density j to the hydrostatic bias H is found to be linear at higher bias. The difference in response of the flux density of the two components becomes more pronounced at low bias and higher miscibility gap. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM ras.pandey@usm.edu NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 EI 1873-2119 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 358 IS 2-4 BP 437 EP 446 DI 10.1016/j.physa.2005.03.060 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 980BC UT WOS:000232987900015 ER PT J AU Annis, DH Craig, BA AF Annis, DH Craig, BA TI Statistical properties and inference of the antimicrobial MIC test SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE serial dilution assay; measurement error; interval censoring; EM algorithm AB A common method for measuring the drug-specific minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of an antibacterial agent is via a two-fold broth dilution test known as the MIC test. Because this procedure implicitly rounds data upward, inference based on unadjusted measurements is biased and overestimates bacterial resistance to a drug. We detail this test procedure and its associated bias, which, in many cases, has an expected value of approximately 0.5 on the log(2) scale. In addition, new bias-corrected estimates of resistance are proposed. A numeric example is used to illustrate the extent to which the traditional resistance estimate can overestimate the true proportion of resistant strains, a phenomenon which is remedied by using the proposed estimates. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Stat, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Annis, DH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM annis@nps.edu RI Craig, Bruce/D-5797-2017 OI Craig, Bruce/0000-0001-9346-467X FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI48067-01-A1] NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 23 BP 3631 EP 3644 DI 10.1002/sim.2207 PG 14 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 984YQ UT WOS:000233343700007 PM 16217851 ER PT J AU Chang, WT Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Bellotti, JA AF Chang, WT Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Bellotti, JA TI Strain-induced anisotropy in microwave dielectric properties of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films with directly applied uniaxial < 100 > stress - art. no. 242904 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PULSED LASER DEPOSITION; CAPACITORS; SRTIO3 AB The microwave dielectric properties and their change with applied uniaxial < 100 > stress in an epitaxially deposited Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin film on (001) MgO have been measured as a function of dc bias (0 to +/- 40 V) and frequency (1-20 GHz). A significant increase in the relative dielectric constant (from 480 to 530) is observed when uniaxial stress is applied. Similarly, the dielectric tuning of the film at an applied electric field of 4x10(4) V/cm increases from 43% to 48% at 10 GHz. These increases correspond to an extremely small increase of the in-plane lattice parameter of the film, a, from 3.965 to 3.967 A, (i.e., similar to 0.05%) due to the applied uniaxial tensional stress. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chang@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 12 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 24 AR 192904 DI 10.1063/1.2139988 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 991PM UT WOS:000233825900072 ER PT J AU Mastro, MA Holm, RT Bassim, ND Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK Henry, RL Twigg, ME AF Mastro, MA Holm, RT Bassim, ND Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK Henry, RL Twigg, ME TI High-reflectance III-nitride distributed bragg reflectors grown on si substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GAN; SI(111); FILMS; ALN AB Distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) composed of an AlN/AlGaN superlattice were grown of Si (111) substrates. The first high-reflectance III-nitride DBR on Si was achieved by growing the DBR directly on the Si substrate to enhance the overall reflectance due to the high index of refraction contrast at the Si/AlN interface. For a 9x DBR, the measured peak reflectance of 96.8% actually exceeded the theoretical value of 96.1%. The AlN/AlGaN superlattice served the added purpose of compensating for the large tensile strain developed during the growth of a crack-free 500 nm GaN/7x DBR/Si structure. This achievement opens the possibility to manufacture high-quality III-nitride optoelectronic devices without optical absorption in the opaque Si substrate. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,Power Elect Mat Sect,Code 6882, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mastro@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 12 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 24 AR 241103 DI 10.1063/1.2140874 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 991PM UT WOS:000233825900003 ER PT J AU Terray, A Arnold, J Hart, SJ AF Terray, A Arnold, J Hart, SJ TI Enhanced optical chromatography in a PDMS microfluidic system SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; MANIPULATION; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); FABRICATION; SEPARATION; BIOLOGY; DEVICES; TRAP AB The purely refractive index driven separation of uniformly sized polystyrene, n = 1.59 and poly(methylmethacrylate), n = 1.49 in an optical chromatography system has been enhanced through the incorporation of a custom poly(dimethysiloxane) ( PDMS) microfluidic system. A customized channel geometry was used to create separate regions with different linear flow velocities tailored to the specific application. These separate flow regions were then used to expose the entities in the separation to different linear flow velocities thus enhancing their separation relative to the same separation in a constant velocity flow environment. A microbiological sample containing spores of the biological warfare agent, Bacillus anthracis, and a common environmental interferent, mulberry pollen, was investigated to test the use of tailored velocity regions. These very different samples were analyzed simultaneously only through the use of tailored velocity regions. C1 Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Terray, A (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, POB 441340, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. EM sean.hart@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 12 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 25 BP 10406 EP 10415 DI 10.1364/OPEX.13.010406 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 993RB UT WOS:000233971500051 PM 19503255 ER PT J AU Petrov, GM Giuliani, JL Pechacek, RE AF Petrov, GM Giuliani, JL Pechacek, RE TI Line-of-sight measurements of the 254 nm resonance line of mercury and comparison with non-local radiation transport in low pressure Hg-Ar discharges SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COLUMN AB Radially resolved line-of-sight intensities of the 254 nm resonance line of Hg were measured for cold spot temperatures between 16 degrees C and 50 degrees C. The observed normalized intensities agree with line-of-sight intensities predicted by our improved 1D Boltzmann/non-local radiation transport model for fluorescent lamps. An additional comparison with model predictions employing the conventional Holstein theory showed that the latter is inadequate for describing the radiation transport of resonance lines in fluorescent lamps. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sachs Freeman Associates Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Petrov, GM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM petrov@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD DEC 7 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 23 BP 4180 EP 4183 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/23/006 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 996OH UT WOS:000234183000007 ER PT J AU Calvin, S Luo, SX Caragianis-Broadbridge, C McGuinness, JK Anderson, E Lehman, A Wee, KH Morrison, SA Kurihara, LK AF Calvin, S Luo, SX Caragianis-Broadbridge, C McGuinness, JK Anderson, E Lehman, A Wee, KH Morrison, SA Kurihara, LK TI Comparison of extended x-ray absorption fine structure and Scherrer analysis of x-ray diffraction as methods for determining mean sizes of polydisperse nanoparticles SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLITE SIZE; CLUSTERS; EXAFS AB Curve fitting of extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging, and Scherrer analysis of x-ray diffraction (XRD) are compared as methods for determining the mean crystallite size in polydisperse samples of platinum nanoparticles. By applying the techniques to mixtures of pure samples, it is found that EXAFS correctly determines the relative mean sizes of these polydisperse samples, while XRD tends to be weighted more toward the largest crystallites in the sample. Results for TEM are not clear cut, due to polycrystallinity and aggregation, but are consistent with the other results. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sarah Lawrence Coll, Bronxville, NY 10708 USA. So Connecticut State Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06515 USA. Trinity Coll, Facil Electron Microscopy, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Calvin, S (reprint author), Sarah Lawrence Coll, 1 Mead Way, Bronxville, NY 10708 USA. EM scalvin@mailaps.org RI Calvin, Scott/A-9589-2009 NR 15 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 5 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 23 AR 233102 DI 10.1063/1.2137872 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 990DK UT WOS:000233723200063 ER PT J AU Narayan, RJ Jin, CM Doraiswamy, A Mihailescu, IN Jelinek, M Ovsianikov, A Chichkov, B Chrisey, DB AF Narayan, RJ Jin, CM Doraiswamy, A Mihailescu, IN Jelinek, M Ovsianikov, A Chichkov, B Chrisey, DB TI Laser processing of advanced bioceramics SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID DIAMOND-LIKE-CARBON; TETRAHEDRAL AMORPHOUS-CARBON; A-C-H; TRANSDERMAL DRUG-DELIVERY; GLUCOSE ENZYME ELECTRODE; ORGANIC HYBRID MATERIALS; DLC-COATINGS; THIN-FILMS; IN-VITRO; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AB In this article, laser processing of diamondlike carbon-metal nanocomposite films, hydroxyapatite-osteoblast composites, and Ormocer (R) microdevices for medical applications is described. Pulsed laser deposition has been used to process diamondlike carbon-silver-platinum nanocomposite films that provide hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and antimicrobial functionalities to cardiovascular orthopaedic, biosensor, and MEMS devices. Laser direct writing has been used for fabricating integrated cell-scaffold structures. Two photon induced polymerization has been used to create Ormocer (R) tissue engineering scaffolds and microneedles with unique geometries. Pulsed laser deposition, laser direct write, and two photon induced polymerization techniques may provide medical engineers with advanced biomaterials that possess unique structures and functionalities. C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Inst Atom Phys, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Laserzentrum Hannover, Hannover, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Narayan, RJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM roger_narayan@unc.edu RI Mihailescu, Ion/A-5403-2011; Narayan, Roger/J-2789-2013; Jelinek, Miroslav/G-8367-2014; Chichkov, Boris/M-4112-2015; OI Narayan, Roger/0000-0002-4876-9869; Jelinek, Miroslav/0000-0001-9824-1117 NR 144 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 44 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-1656 EI 1527-2648 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 7 IS 12 BP 1083 EP 1098 DI 10.1002/adem.200500155 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 011UL UT WOS:000235293900003 ER PT J AU Murday, JS AF Murday, JS TI Nano-App Summit - October 17-19 - Cleveland, Ohio - Abstracts SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Murday, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 163 IS 12 BP 21 EP 30 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 994HJ UT WOS:000234021600002 ER PT J AU Hayes-Roth, R AF Hayes-Roth, R TI Organizing the tutorials at AAAI-80 SO AI MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material AB Fortunate to be one of the cofounders of AAAI, the author describes how the association was founded, how the first AAAI conference was planned, and how the first tutorial program was organized. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Hewlett Packard Corp, Palo Alto, CA USA. RAND Corp, Res Informat Proc, Santa Monica, CA 90406 USA. RP Hayes-Roth, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELL PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DRIVE, MENLO PK, CA 94025-3496 USA SN 0738-4602 J9 AI MAG JI AI Mag. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 4 BP 19 EP 20 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 998KI UT WOS:000234317000005 ER PT J AU Simsiman, AJ Powell, CR Stratford, RR Menefee, SA AF Simsiman, AJ Powell, CR Stratford, RR Menefee, SA TI Suburethral sting materials: Best outcome with autologous tissue SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Gynecologic-Surgeons CY APR 04-06, 2005 CL Rancho Mirage, CA SP Soc Gynecol Surg DE female stress urinary incontinence; sling; autograft; allograft; xenograft ID FREE VAGINAL TAPE; URODYNAMIC STRESS-INCONTINENCE; FASCIA LATA; FOLLOW-UP; URINARY-INCONTINENCE; SURGICAL-TREATMENT; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; CADAVERIC FASCIA; FAILURE; DYSFUNCTION AB Objective: This study was undertaken to assess the outcome of suburethral slings by type of sling material. Study design: A retrospective review of women who underwent a suburethral sling between January 1997 and January 2003 with autograft, allograft or xenograft materials. Objective failure was defined as urinary leakage with cough stress testing at any time after 3 months, postoperatively. Objective cure was defined as no leakage with a standing cough stress test with at least 200 mL bladder volume at a minimum of 12 months postoperatively. Data were analyzed using Student t, Wilcoxon rank sum, and Kaplan-Meier survival tests. Results: A total of 241 women were included in this study: 78 received autograft, 80 received allograft, and 83 received xenograft. Objective failure was 36% and 46% for allograft and xenograft, respectively compared with 13% for autograft (P < .001). Conclusion: Autograft has a significantly higher cure rate when used for suburethral slings. (c) 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Div Female Pelv Med & Reconstruct Surg, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept REprod Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Menefee, SA (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Div Female Pelv Med & Reconstruct Surg, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 4647 Zion Ave, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. EM shawn.a.menefee@kp.org NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 193 IS 6 BP 2112 EP 2116 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.07.072 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 993IL UT WOS:000233947700038 PM 16325625 ER PT J AU Rooney, TB Schofer, JM Stanley, MD Banks, SL AF Rooney, TB Schofer, JM Stanley, MD Banks, SL TI Biliary cystadenoma of the gallbladder SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYSTADENOCARCINOMA C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Rooney, TB (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM tbrooney@NMCSD.med.navy.mil NR 6 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 185 IS 6 BP 1571 EP 1572 DI 10.2214/AJR.04.1560 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 987IC UT WOS:000233510600029 PM 16304014 ER PT J AU Alisjahbana, B Kosasih, H Hoo, Y Milanti, M Widjaja, S Listiyaningsih, E Setiabudi, D Beckett, CG Blair, PJ AF Alisjahbana, Bachti Kosasih, Herman Hoo, Yumilia Milanti, Mia Widjaja, Susana Listiyaningsih, Erlin Setiabudi, Djatnika Beckett, Charmagne G. Blair, Patrick J. TI A hospital-based prospective study of hantavirus infections in Bandung, Indonesia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Alisjahbana, Bachti; Milanti, Mia] Hasan Sadikin Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Bandung, Indonesia. [Kosasih, Herman; Widjaja, Susana; Listiyaningsih, Erlin; Blair, Patrick J.] US Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Hoo, Yumilia] Immanuel Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Bandung, Indonesia. [Setiabudi, Djatnika] Hasan Sadikin Hosp, Dept Pediat, Bandung, Indonesia. [Beckett, Charmagne G.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 70 BP 24 EP 24 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000071 ER PT J AU Listiyaningsih, E Gustiani, G Kosasih, H Ibrahim, IN Widjaja, S Tan, RI Porter, KR Beckett, CG Blair, PJ AF Listiyaningsih, Erlin Gustiani, Gustiani Kosasih, Herman Ibrahim, Ima N. Widjaja, Susana Tan, Ratna Irsiana Porter, Kevin R. Beckett, Charmagne G. Blair, Patrick J. TI The finding of Puumala and Seoul hantaviruses in Rattus sp, within Java, Indonesia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Listiyaningsih, Erlin; Gustiani, Gustiani; Kosasih, Herman; Widjaja, Susana; Blair, Patrick J.] US Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Ibrahim, Ima N.] Natl Inst Hlth R&D, Ctr Hlth Ecol Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Tan, Ratna Irsiana; Porter, Kevin R.; Beckett, Charmagne G.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 71 BP 24 EP 24 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000072 ER PT J AU Szumias, DE Hanafi, HA Fryauff, DJ Dheranetra, W Gordon, SW Debboun, M AF Szumias, Daniel E. Hanafi, A. Hanafi Fryauff, David J. Dheranetra, Watanaporn Gordon, Scott W. Debboun, Moustafa TI Field evaluation of arthropod repellents against phlebotomine sand flies in Sinai, Egypt SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Szumias, Daniel E.; Hanafi, A. Hanafi; Fryauff, David J.] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Dheranetra, Watanaporn; Gordon, Scott W.; Debboun, Moustafa] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RI Gordon, Scott/B-8875-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 150 BP 50 EP 51 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000151 ER PT J AU Hanafi, HA Szumlas, DE El Hossary, SS Singer, GA Osman, SG Fryauff, DJ AF Hanafi, Hanafi A. Szumlas, Daniel E. El Hossary, Shaaban S. Singer, Gamal A. Osman, Samir G. Fryauff, David J. TI Effects of ivermectin on blood feeding Phlebotomus papatasi, and the promastigote stage of Leishmania major SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hanafi, Hanafi A.; Szumlas, Daniel E.; El Hossary, Shaaban S.; Fryauff, David J.] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Res Sci Directorate, Cairo, Egypt. [Singer, Gamal A.] Helwan Univ, Fac Sci, Cairo, Egypt. [Osman, Samir G.] Egyptian Co Chem & Pharmaceut, ADWIA, Cairo, Egypt. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 202 BP 68 EP 68 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000203 ER PT J AU Laguna-Torres, VA Loayza, N Mendoza, S Lavalle, M Chauca, G Juan, PB Sovero, M Ausberto, C Alejandro, R Rosa, K Sanchez, JL Gonzalez, J Montano, SM Olson, J Ramiro, C AF Laguna-Torres, V. Alberto Loayza, Nancy Mendoza, Saul Lavalle, Miriam Chauca, Gloria Juan, Perez-Bao Sovero, Merly Ausberto, Chunga Alejandro, Retamal Rosa, Kamiya Sanchez, Jose Luis Gonzalez, Jorge Montano, Silvia M. Olson, James Ramiro, Cruz TI Viral transfusion transmitted infections (TTI) in adult Peruvian hemophiliacs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Laguna-Torres, V. Alberto] USN, Med Res Ctr, Lima, Peru. [Loayza, Nancy] Hosp 2 Mayo, Lima, Peru. [Mendoza, Saul; Ausberto, Chunga; Alejandro, Retamal] Hosp E Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru. [Lavalle, Miriam; Rosa, Kamiya] Hosp Naval, Lima, Peru. [Chauca, Gloria; Juan, Perez-Bao; Sovero, Merly; Sanchez, Jose Luis; Montano, Silvia M.; Olson, James] USN, Med Res Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Gonzalez, Jorge] Inst Nacl Salud, Lima, Peru. [Ramiro, Cruz] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 207 BP 70 EP 70 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000208 ER PT J AU Ismail, TF Wasfy, M Pimentel, G Abdel-Fadeel, M Abdel-Maksoud, M Hatem, ME Abdel-Rahman, B Hajjeh, R AF Ismail, Tharwat F. Wasfy, Momtaz Pimentel, Guillermo Abdel-Fadeel, Moustafa Abdel-Maksoud, Mohamed Hatem, Mahmoud E. Abdel-Rahman, Bassem Hajjeh, Rana TI Human leptospirosis among acute febrile illness and hepatitis patients in Egypt SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ismail, Tharwat F.; Wasfy, Momtaz; Pimentel, Guillermo; Abdel-Fadeel, Moustafa; Abdel-Maksoud, Mohamed; Abdel-Rahman, Bassem; Hajjeh, Rana] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Hatem, Mahmoud E.] Cairo Univ, Cairo, Egypt. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 220 BP 74 EP 75 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000221 ER PT J AU Riddle, MS Putnam, SD Tribble, D Sanders, JW AF Riddle, Mark S. Putnam, Shannon D. Tribble, David Sanders, John W. TI Incidence, etiology and impact of travelers' diarrhea in US military and similar populations: A systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Riddle, Mark S.; Sanders, John W.] Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Putnam, Shannon D.] Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Tribble, David] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 218 BP 74 EP 74 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000219 ER PT J AU Chretien, JP Blazes, D Bedno, S Coldren, R Culpepper, R Fryauff, D Glass, J Lewis, M Smoak, B Malone, J AF Chretien, Jean-Paul Blazes, David Bedno, Sheryl Coldren, Rodney Culpepper, Randall Fryauff, David Glass, Jonathan Lewis, Michael Smoak, Bonnie Malone, Joseph TI Transnational outbreak response cooperation: Recent experience of the US Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DOD-GEIS) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chretien, Jean-Paul; Malone, Joseph] DoD Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Respons, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Blazes, David] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Bedno, Sheryl] USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [Coldren, Rodney] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Culpepper, Randall] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. [Fryauff, David] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Glass, Jonathan] USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Lewis, Michael] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Smoak, Bonnie] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 234 BP 79 EP 79 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000235 ER PT J AU Soliman, A Mohareb, E Fayez, C Musabaev, E Vafakulov, S Yarmuhamedova, N Earhart, K AF Soliman, Atef Mohareb, Emad Fayez, Caroline Musabaev, Erkin Vafakulov, Sadulla Yarmuhamedova, Nargiza Earhart, Kenneth TI Serological evidence of rickettsial infection among acute febrile illness patients in Uzbekistan SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Soliman, Atef; Mohareb, Emad; Fayez, Caroline; Earhart, Kenneth] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Musabaev, Erkin] Inst Virol, Cairo, Uzbekistan. [Vafakulov, Sadulla; Yarmuhamedova, Nargiza] Samarqand Fever Hosp, Samarqand, Uzbekistan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 236 BP 79 EP 80 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000237 ER PT J AU Walsh, DS Delacruz, EC Abalos, RM Tan, EV Richards, A Myint, KS AF Walsh, Douglas S. Delacruz, Eduardo C. Abalos, Rodolfo M. Tan, Esterlina V. Richards, Allen Myint, K. S. TI Cynomolgus monkeys infected with Orientia tsutsugamushi (Karp) by intradermal inoculation develop eschar-like lesions and lymphadenopathy akin to human scrub typhus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Walsh, Douglas S.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Delacruz, Eduardo C.; Abalos, Rodolfo M.; Tan, Esterlina V.] Leonard Wood Mem Ctr Leprosy Res, Cebu, Philippines. [Richards, Allen] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Myint, K. S.] US Army Med Component, AFRIMS, Bangkok, Thailand. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 238 BP 80 EP 80 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000239 ER PT J AU Widjaja, S Blair, PJ Jeremenjenko, A Burgess, T Brice, GT AF Widjaja, Susana Blair, Patrick J. Jeremenjenko, Andrew Burgess, Timothy Brice, Gary T. TI Identification of quantitative and qualitative differences in cellular immune responses following natural dengue infection by intracellular cytokine staining assays SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Burgess, Timothy] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Widjaja, Susana; Blair, Patrick J.; Jeremenjenko, Andrew; Brice, Gary T.] USN, Med Res Unit 2, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 256 BP 86 EP 86 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000257 ER PT J AU Comach, G Sierra, G Figuera, A Guzman, D Soler, M Guevara, C de Quintana, MC Espinoza, A Rios, Z Perez, J Bracho, M Feo, O Villalobos, I Sandoval, N Russell, K Kochel, T Blair, P Olson, JG AF Comach, Guillermo Sierra, Gloria Figuera, Andreina Guzman, Diamelis Soler, Maritza Guevara, Carolina de Quintana, Maritza Cabello Espinoza, Angelica Rios, Zonia Perez, Juan Bracho, Mergiory Feo, Oscar Villalobos, Iris Sandoval, Nidia Russell, Kevin Kochel, Tadeusz Blair, Patrick Olson, James G. TI Spatial and temporal incidence of dengue virus infections in school-children from Maracay, Venezuela: 2001-2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Comach, Guillermo; Sierra, Gloria; Guzman, Diamelis; Soler, Maritza; de Quintana, Maritza Cabello; Bracho, Mergiory; Feo, Oscar] Lardidev Biomed Univ Carabobo, Corposalud Aragua, Maracay, Venezuela. [Figuera, Andreina] Biomed Univ Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela. [Guevara, Carolina; Espinoza, Angelica; Rios, Zonia; Perez, Juan; Kochel, Tadeusz; Blair, Patrick; Olson, James G.] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Sandoval, Nidia] Hosp Cent Maracay, Corposalud Aragua, Maracy, Venezuela. [Russell, Kevin] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 261 BP 87 EP 88 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000261 ER PT J AU ElKholy, A Shihab, F Safwat, S Alkohlani, A Al-Moktary, S Al -Bourji, A Elzein, H Ahmed, O Saad, MD Earhart, K Elbushra, H Hajjeh, R AF ElKholy, Amgad Shihab, Fawaz Safwat, Sameh Alkohlani, Alcdelhakem Al-Moktary, Sultan Al -Bourji, Ahmed Elzein, Hashem Ahmed, Osama Saad, Magdi D. Earhart, Kenneth Elbushra, Hassan Hajjeh, Rana TI Outbreak of dengue fever in Al-Hudaydah, Yemen, 2004-2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [ElKholy, Amgad; Safwat, Sameh; Saad, Magdi D.; Earhart, Kenneth] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Shihab, Fawaz; Elzein, Hashem; Ahmed, Osama] WHO, Eastern Mediterranean Reg Off, Sanaa, Yemen. [Alkohlani, Alcdelhakem; Al-Moktary, Sultan; Al -Bourji, Ahmed] Minist Hlth, Natl Ctr Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Sanaa, Yemen. [Elbushra, Hassan] WHO, Eastern Mediterranean Reg Off, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Saad, Magdi/H-5561-2013 OI Saad, Magdi/0000-0003-2111-8115 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 258 BP 87 EP 87 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000259 ER PT J AU Felices, V Cruz, C Laguna-Torres, V Beingolea, L Suarez, V Suarez, L Jave, G Chauca, G Kochel, T Olson, J AF Felices, Vidal Cruz, Cristhopher Laguna-Torres, Victor Beingolea, Luis Suarez, Victor Suarez, Luis Jave, G. Chauca, Gloria Kochel, Tadeusz Olson, James TI Dengue-3 in Lima, Peru, 2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Felices, Vidal; Cruz, Cristhopher; Laguna-Torres, Victor; Chauca, Gloria] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Beingolea, Luis] Oficina Gen Epidemiol, Lima, Peru. [Suarez, Victor] Minist Salud, Inst Nacl Salud, Lima, Peru. [Suarez, Luis] Minist Salud, Oficina Gen Epidemiol, Lima, Peru. [Jave, G.] Minist Salud, Ctr Salud Comas, Lima, Peru. [Kochel, Tadeusz; Olson, James] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, APO AA, AE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 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