FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Smith, GB Handler, RA Scott, N AF Smith, Geoffrey B. Handler, Robert A. Scott, Nicholas BE Garbe, CS Handler, RA Jahne, B TI Observations of the structure of the surface temperature field at an air-water interface for stable and unstable cases SO TRANSPORT AT THE AIR-SEA INTERFACE: MEASUREMENTS, MODELS AND PARAMETRIZATIONS SE Environmental Science and Engineering BS Environmental Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Transport at the Air Sea Interface CY SEP 06-08, 2006 CL Univ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, GERMANY HO Univ Heidelberg ID THERMAL STRUCTURE; INFRARED IMAGERY; FREE-CONVECTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; HEAT-FLUX; TRANSPORT; BREAKING; RENEWAL; OCEAN; FLOW AB The thermal structure of an air-water interface is investigated by examining thermal imagery obtained from a high resolution infrared (IR) sensor. The experiments were performed at the ASIST facility at the University of Miami for wind speeds ranging from approximately 2 ms(-1) to 10 ms(-1) and for flux based Richardson numbers ranging from about 10(-2) to 10(-5). Two cases were examined: (1) the so-called cool-skin case where the water surface was significantly cooler than the bulk water temperature and (2) the warm-skin case where the water surface was warmer than the bulk. In the cool-skin case, the low wind speed results reveal a cellular structure reminiscent of earlier results in which the lateral length scale of the cells (or flsh-scales) varies as the inverse of the friction velocity. The imagery clearly reveals the progression from non-breaking gravity waves, to a system of omnidirectional breaking which seems to create a nearly isotropic surface temperature field. Though no wind waves were present at low wind speeds, the thermal imagery reveals the existence of persistent, highly coherent, Langmuir-like cell structures which were marked by surface convergent zones in which ambient surfactant may have accumulated. imagery obtained for the case in which the water-side thermal boundary layer is stable constitutes a novel aspect of this work. In this warm-skin case, the cellular (fish-scale) structure appears as it does in the unstable case, strongly suggesting that these small scale features are due to shear instabilities in the surface layer. In addition, they are more clearly revealed as the natural convective instability of the thermal boundary layer is suppressed. This appears to reduce the appearance of the smallest scales of surface turbulence. C1 [Smith, Geoffrey B.; Handler, Robert A.; Scott, Nicholas] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, GB (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7233,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM geoffrey.smith@nrl.navy.mil NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1863-5520 BN 978-3-540-36904-2 J9 ENVIRON SCI ENG JI Environ. Sci. Eng. PY 2007 BP 205 EP 222 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-36906-6_15 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BGZ27 UT WOS:000251476500015 ER PT S AU Ganguli, G Rudakov, L Mithaiwala, M Papadopoulos, D AF Ganguli, Gurudas Rudakov, Leonid Mithaiwala, Manish Papadopoulos, Dennis BE Shaikh, D Zank, GP TI Induced Alfvenic turbulence in the magnetosphere SO TURBULENCE AND NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY MAR 16-22, 2007 CL Oahu, HI SP IGPP UCR, Los Alamos Natl Lab, UCLA IGPP, Solana Sci DE Alfvenic turbulence; neutral gas release; pitch angle scattering ID COLD-PLASMA INJECTION; RADIATION BELT; WAVES; PRECIPITATION; ENHANCEMENT; ELECTRONS; COMETS; WIND AB Intense Alfvenic turbulence is artificially induced by the release of neutral gas in the equatorial plane perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field. The free energy associated with he orbital motion of the released neutral atoms is the energy source of the Alfvenic turbulence. Ions resulting from the photo ionized neutrals form a ring type distribution in velocity that is highly unstable to shear Alfven waves near the ion cyclotron harmonics of the released species. The nonlinear evolution of the primary waves leads to redistribution of the wave energy in k-space and to excitation of secondary waves with characteristics appropriate for electron cyclotron resonance with the energetic electrons in the radiation belts that can induce intense pitch angle scattering of the trapped electrons. C1 [Ganguli, Gurudas; Mithaiwala, Manish] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rudakov, Leonid] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. [Mithaiwala, Manish] NRC, NRL, Washington, DC USA. [Papadopoulos, Dennis] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. RP Ganguli, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU ONR; DARPA FX This work is supported by ONR and DARPA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0443-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 932 BP 301 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGX51 UT WOS:000251152400041 ER PT B AU DeLong, RJ Nguyen, TD Irvine, CE Levin, TE AF DeLong, Rance J. Nguyen, Thuy D. Irvine, Cynthia E. Levin, Timothy E. GP IEEE Computer Soc TI Toward a medium-robustness separation kernel protection profile SO TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL COMPUTER SECURITY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Computer Security Applications Conference CY DEC 10-14, 2007 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Appl Comp Secur Associates AB A protection profile for high-robustness separation kernels has recently been validated and several implementations are under development. However, medium-robustness separation kernel development efforts have no protection profile, although the US Government has published guidance for authoring such a profile. As a step toward a protection profile, a set of security requirements for medium-robustness separation kernels is proposed. These requirements result from an informal, yet principled, approach. By bracketing the problem with appropriate reference points and elaborating a method for interpolating the requirements both a measure of uniformity and a basis for further discussion are achieved. Our reference points include the high robustness protection profile, the existing medium robustness consistency instruction, and our familiarity with the nuances of separation kernels. This practitioner-oriented study is intended to advance the prevailing practices for commercial software development, which presently falls far short of the rigor needed for either high-robustness or medium-robustness systems. These requirements represent an incremental improvement in the pursuit of secure software - and is intended to be a step forward on the road to higher assurance. C1 [DeLong, Rance J.] Santa Clara Univ, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. [Nguyen, Thuy D.; Irvine, Cynthia E.; Levin, Timothy E.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP DeLong, RJ (reprint author), Santa Clara Univ, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. EM rdelong@engr.scu.edu; tdnguyen@nps.edu; irvine@nps.edu; levin@nps.edu RI 张, 红/F-9916-2011 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3060-4 PY 2007 BP 40 EP + DI 10.1109/ACSAC.2007.17 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHJ64 UT WOS:000253605800005 ER PT B AU Mokole, EL Hansen, P AF Mokole, Eric L. Hansen, Pete BE Sabath, F Mokole, EL Schenk, U Nitsch, D TI Survey of ultra-wideband radar SO Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics CY JUL, 2004 CL Magdeburg, GERMANY ID MINE DETECTION; SAR; HISTORY; OBJECTS AB The development of UWB radar over the last four decades is very briefly summarized. A discussion of the meaning of UWB is followed by a short history. of UWB radar developments and discussions of key supporting technologies and current UWB radars. Selected UWB radars and the associated applications are highlighted. Applications include detecting and imaging buried mines, detecting and mapping underground utilities, detecting and imaging objects obscured by foliage, through-wall detection in urban areas, short-range detection of suicide bombs, and the characterization of the impulse responses of various artificial and naturally occurring scattering objects. In particular, the Naval Research Laboratory's experimental, low-power, dual-polarized, short-pulse, ultra-high resolution radar is used to discuss applications and issues of UWB radar. Some crucial issues that are problematic to UWB radar are spectral availability, electromagnetic interference and compatibility, difficulties with waveform control/shaping, hardware limitations in the transmission chain, and the unreliability of high-power sources for sustained use above 2 GHz. C1 Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mokole, EL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-37728-5 PY 2007 BP 571 EP 585 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-37731-5_62 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGC67 UT WOS:000246048700062 ER PT B AU Hansen, P Scheff, K Mokole, E AF Hansen, Pete Scheff, Kim Mokole, Eric BE Sabath, F Mokole, EL Schenk, U Nitsch, D TI Directly measuring ocean forward scatter with an UWB radar SO ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics CY JUL, 2004 CL Magdeburg, GERMANY AB This paper describes a dual frequency, ultrawideband (9 GHz, 0.15 ns pulse and 4 GHz, 0.25 ns pulse), dual polarized measurement radar system and a field experiment designed to directly measure ocean forward scatter associated with a test target mounted above a wind disturbed ocean surface. For a grazing angle of 2.9 degrees to the specular point, radar resolution was sufficient to fully resolve both direct and reflected path contributions to the received target signal. Data samples highlight some new results with regard to conventional wisdom concerning radar forward scatter from the ocean. C1 [Hansen, Pete; Scheff, Kim; Mokole, Eric] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hansen, P (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-37728-5 PY 2007 BP 593 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-37731-5_64 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGC67 UT WOS:000246048700064 ER PT B AU Mokole, EL Gold, BT Taylor, DJ Sarkar, TK Hansen, JP AF Mokole, E. L. Gold, B. T. Taylor, D. J. Sarkar, T. K. Hansen, J. P. BE Sabath, F Mokole, EL Schenk, U Nitsch, D TI Some broadband calculated RF scatter from the trihedral corner reflector SO ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics CY JUL, 2004 CL Magdeburg, GERMANY C1 [Mokole, E. L.; Gold, B. T.; Taylor, D. J.; Hansen, J. P.] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sarkar, T. K.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Mokole, EL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-37728-5 PY 2007 BP 604 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-37731-5_65 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGC67 UT WOS:000246048700065 ER PT S AU Wert, R Goroch, A Worthington, E Wong, V AF Wert, R. Goroch, A. Worthington, E. Wong, V. BE Carapezza, EM TI Near earth propagation: Physics revealed - art. no. 65620F SO Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications IX CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE near earth propagation; diffraction; time perturbations; refractivity; refractive index AB Both the military and consumer sectors are pursuing distributed networked systems and sensors. A major stumbling block to deployment of these sensors will be the radio frequency (RF) propagation environment within a few wavelengths of the earth. Increasing transmit power (battery consumption) is not a practical solution to the problem. This paper will discuss some of the physical phenomena related to the near earth propagation (NEP) problem. When radiating near the earth the communications link is subjected to a list of physical impairments. On the list are the expected Fresnel region encroachment and multipath reflections. Additionally, radiation pattern changes and near earth boundary layer perturbations exist. A significant amount of data has been collected on NEP. Disturbances in the NEP atmosphere can have a time varying attenuation related to the time of day and these discoveries will be discussed. Solutions, or workarounds, to the near earth propagation problem hinge on dynamic adaptive RF elements. Adaptive RF elements will allow the distributed sensor to direct energy, beam form, impedance correct, increase communication efficiency, and decrease battery consumption. Small electrically controllable elements are under development to enable antenna impedance matching in a dynamic environment. Additionally, small dynamic beam forming arrays are under development to focus RF energy in the direction of need. With an increased understanding of the near earth propagation problem, distributed autonomous networked sensors can become a reality within a few centimeters of the earth. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wert, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6684-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6562 BP F5620 EP F5620 AR 65620F DI 10.1117/12.720560 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BGR09 UT WOS:000249915700008 ER PT J AU Duplessis, CA Miller, JC Crepeau, LJ Osborn, CM Dyche, J AF Duplessis, C. A. Miller, J. C. Crepeau, L. J. Osborn, C. M. Dyche, J. TI Submarine watch schedules: Underway evaluation of rotating (contemporary) and compressed (alternative) schedules. SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SHIFT WORKERS; SLEEP; HEALTH; CHRONOBIOLOGY; CANCER; LIGHT AB INTRODUCTION With a desire to increase health, cognitive performance effectiveness, and quality of life for submarine watch-standers underway, we performed an evaluation comparing an alternative, compressed-work (ALT) schedule, designed to enhance circadian rhythm entrainment and sleep hygiene, to the contemporary submarine (SUB) forward rotating schedule, aboard the ballistic-missile submarine, USS Henry M. Jackson (SSBN-730 Gold). METHODS We assessed a compressed close-6 watch-schedule ("ALT") relative to the existing backward rotating 6-hr on, 12-hr off 18-hr watch schedule ("SUB") employed underway aboard submarines. We monitored 40 subjects' sleep, and temperature and salivary cortisol from 10 of the 40 for approximately two weeks on each respective schedule underway. RESULTS The cortisol cosinor mesors (midline estimating statistic of rhythm), and amplitudes did not differ significantly between conditions. The temperature cosinor mesors, and the cosinor amplitude were not significantly different, while the cosine curve fit accounted for significantly more variance in the ALT condition than in the SUB condition. The SUB schedule garnered significantly more sleep (7.1 +/- 0.2 hours) than that of the ALTMID schedule (6.3 +/- 0.3 hours). Surveys revealed that 52% of respondents preferred the SUB schedule, 15% preferred the ALT, and 33% were either indifferent or submitted uninterpretable surveys. CONCLUSIONS The ALT schedule was not superior to the existing SUB schedule by physiological or subjective measures and was incompatible to accommodating operational constraints. C1 Naval Submarine Med Res Lab, Groton, CT USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Duplessis, CA (reprint author), Naval Submarine Med Res Lab, Groton, CT USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI DUNKIRK PA 10020 SOUTHER MARYLAND BLVD, PO BOX 1020, DUNKIRK, MD 20754-1020 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 34 IS 1 BP 21 EP 33 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 142TM UT WOS:000244673000006 PM 17393936 ER PT S AU Sights, B Ahuja, G Kogut, G Pacis, EB Everett, HR Fellars, D Hardjadinata, S AF Sights, B. Ahuja, G. Kogut, G. Pacis, E. B. Everett, H. R. Fellars, D. Hardjadinata, S. CA Space Naval Warf Syst Ctr, San Die BE Gerhart, GR Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM TI Modular robotic intelligence system based on fuzzy reasoning and state machine sequencing - art. no. 65610T SO Unmanned Systems Technology IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology IX CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE robotics; autonomy; obstacle avoidance; arbiter; fuzzy logic; state machine AB The fusion of multiple behavior commands and sensor data into intelligent and cohesive robotic movement has been the focus of robot research for many years. Sequencing low level behaviors to create high level intelligence has also been researched extensively. Cohesive robotic movement is also dependent on other factors, such as environment, user intent, and perception of the environment. In this paper, a method for managing the complexity derived from the increase in sensors and perceptions is described. Our system uses fuzzy logic and a state machine to fuse multiple behaviors into an optimal response based on the robot's current task. The resulting fused behavior is filtered through fuzzy logic based obstacle avoidance to create safe movement. The system also provides easy integration with any communications protocol, plug-and-play devices, perceptions, and behaviors. Most behaviors and the obstacle avoidance parameters are easily changed through configuration files. Combined with previous work in the area of navigation and localization a very robust autonomy suite is created. C1 USN, Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Sights, B (reprint author), USN, Warfare Syst Ctr, 53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6683-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6561 BP T5610 EP T5610 AR 65610T DI 10.1117/12.739491 PG 11 WC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL74 UT WOS:000248227700026 ER PT S AU Hou, WL Weidemann, AD AF Hou, Weilin Weidemann, Alan D. BE Rahman, ZU Reichenbach, SE Neifeld, MA TI Objectively assessing underwater image quality for the purpose of automated restoration - art. no. 65750Q SO Visual Information Processing XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visual Information Processing XVI CY APR 10, 2007 CL Orlando, FIJI SP SPIE DE image quality; sharpness; restoration; under-water; MCM; WGSA; MTF; wavelet AB In order to automatically enhance and restore images, especially those taken from underwater environments where scattering and absorption by the medium strongly influence the imaging results even within short distances, it is critical to have access to an objective measure of the quality of images obtained. This contribution presents an approach to measure the sharpness of an image based on the weighted gray-scale-angle (GSA) of detected edges. Images are first decomposed by a wavelet transform to remove random and part medium noises, to augment chances of true edge detection. Sharpness of each edge is then determined by regression to determine the slope between gray-scale values of edge pixels versus locations, which is the tangent of an angle based on grayscale. The overall sharpness of the image is the average of each measured GSAs, weighted by the ratio of the power of the first level decomposition details, to the total power of the image. Adaptive determination of edge widths is facilitated by values associated with image noise variances. To further remove the noise contamination, edge widths less than corresponding noise variances or regression requirement are discarded. Without losing generality while easily expandable, only horizontal edge widths are used in this study. Standard test images as well as those taken from field are used to be compared subjectively. Initial restoration results from field measured underwater images based on this approach and weakness of the metric are also presented and discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hou, WL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6697-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6575 BP Q5750 EP Q5750 AR 65750Q DI 10.1117/12.717789 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGK83 UT WOS:000248072300019 ER PT S AU Sepp, KI AF Sepp, Kalev I. BE Mahnken, TG Keaney, TA TI The US Army and counterinsurgency in Iraq SO WAR IN IRAQ: PLANNING AND EXECUTION SE Strategy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sepp, Kalev I.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA USA. [Sepp, Kalev I.] USA, Washington, DC USA. [Sepp, Kalev I.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. [Sepp, Kalev I.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Sepp, KI (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1473-6403 BN 978-0-203-08895-1 J9 STRATEG HIST PY 2007 BP 206 EP 226 D2 10.4324/9780203088951 PG 21 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA BMM01 UT WOS:000272770800012 ER PT S AU Hewer, GA Kuo, W Hanson, G AF Hewer, Gary A. Kuo, Wei Hanson, Grant BE VanDeVille, D Goyal, VK Papadakis, M TI Double-density complex wavelet cartoon-texture decomposition SO WAVELETS XII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wavelets XII CY AUG 26-29, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE complex wavelet; Helmholtz principle; phase gradient; non-local means denoising algorithm; Earth Mover's Distance ID IMAGE; ALGORITHMS; RETRIEVAL; TRANSFORM; DISTANCE AB Both the Kingsbury dual-tree and the subsequent Selesnick double-density dual-tree complex wavelet transform approximate an analytic function. The classification of the phase dependency across scales is largely unexplored except by Romberg et al.. Here we characterize the sub-band dependency of the orientation of phase gradients by applying the Helmholtz principle to bivariate histograms to locate meaningful modes. A further characterization using the Earth Mover's Distance with the fundamental Rudin-Osher-Meyer Banach space decomposition into cartoon and texture elements is presented. Possible applications include image compression and invariant descriptor selection for image matching C1 [Hewer, Gary A.; Kuo, Wei; Hanson, Grant] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Hewer, GA (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, 1900 N Knox Rd,Stop 6302, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM gary.hewer@navy.mil; wei.kuo@navy.mil; grant.hanson@navy.mil NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6849-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6701 AR 67011J DI 10.1117/12.739209 PN 1-2 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA BHC85 UT WOS:000252227400047 ER PT B AU Weekley, JD Blais, CL Brutzman, D AF Weekley, Jeffrey D. Blais, Curtis L. Brutzman, Don GP ACM TI Composing Behaviors and Swapping Bodies with Motion Capture Data in X3D SO WEB3D 2007 - 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON 3D WEB TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on 3D Web Technology CY APR 15-18, 2007 CL Perugia, ITALY SP ACM SIGGRAPH, Eurograph Assoc, Web3D Consortium, Univ Perugia DE Humanoid Animation (H-Anim); motion capture data transformation; blended behaviors and composable bodies prototypes; general pipeline description for motion capture to H-Anim data conversion; XML data archive for motion capture-derived behaviors AB This paper describes current work in the evolution of open standards for 3D graphics for Humanoid Animation (H-Anim). It builds on previous work to encompass plausible humanoids, humanoid behaviors and methodologies for composition with interchangeable and blended behaviors. We present an overview of the standardization activities for H-Anim, including a proposed extension for the H-Anim Specification which allows for interchangeable actors and dynamic behaviors. We demonstrate a standards-based approach to the complex work flow and data extraction for 3D optical motion tracking systems. We describe how to archive, annotate and transform the whole body and segmented performance so that they can be used more widely and with less effort. The approach is compressible, streamable, sealeable, repeatable and suitable for large-scale training and analysis, entertainment and games. Often, X3D and VRML simulations lack the realistic representation of humans. They lack the direct flexibility of control required to build small, but meaningful, task-oriented training scenarios like deploying force protection assets in a busy commercial port. While high-value assets, defensive and offensive agents can be easily and realistically modeled using discreet event simulations, that realism is diminished by the lack of humanoid representations. The visualization is not as engaging and the training not as immersive. Including a rich set of characters with composable and swappable behaviors demonstrating intent of the agent entity heightens both the sense of realism and immersion. Deriving these behaviors is difficult and translating the data into custom applications is craftwork. We propose a standard, archival data format so that captured behaviors can be repurposed and reused, following the SAVAGE approach. This data format will include behavior information and skeletal information such that they can be retargeted and repurposed with a minimum of effort. C1 [Weekley, Jeffrey D.; Blais, Curtis L.; Brutzman, Don] USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Weekley, JD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, 700 Dyer Rd,Bldg 246,Rm 266, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jdweekle@nps.edu; clsblais@nps.edu; brutzman@nps.edu NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-652-3 PY 2007 BP 195 EP + PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJG52 UT WOS:000265665300029 ER PT S AU Harris, DC Parsons, WF Pappis, J Donadio, RN Johnson, C Willingham, CB Taylor, RL Roy, DW Hawkey, JE Hatch, SE McKusick, W Mauer, PB Carnall, M Dibenedetto, B Connolly, JF Pickering, MA Goela, JS Purohit, P Eissler, E AF Harris, Daniel C. Parsons, William F. Pappis, James Donadio, Robert N. Johnson, Carl Willingham, C. B. Taylor, Raymond L. Roy, Donald W. Hawkey, James E. Hatch, S. Edward McKusick, Wayne Mauer, Paul B. Carnall, Margaret diBenedetto, Bernard Connolly, Joseph F. Pickering, Michael A. Goela, Jitendra S. Purohit, Parul Eissler, Elgin BE Tustison, RW TI Development of hot-pressed and chemical-vapor-deposited zinc sulfide and zinc selenide in the United States for optical windows - art. no. 654502 SO Window and Dome Technologies and Materials X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials X CY APR 11-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL ID EMITTANCE MEASUREMENTS; SINGLE CRYSTALS; ZNS AB By the mid 1950s, there was a need for infrared-transmitting materials with improved optical and mechanical characteristics for military and commercial instruments. The newly invented "heat-seeking" missile also required a more durable infrared-transmitting dome. Some properties of ZnS were known from studies of natural minerals. More properties of pure ZnS and ZnSe were measured with single crystals gown in Air Force and industrial laboratories in the 1950s. In 1956, a team led by William Parsons at the Eastman Kodak Hawk-Eye Works in Rochester, New York began to apply the technique of hot pressing to make infrared-transmitting ceramics from powders. This work led to commercial production of six materials, including ZnS (IRTRAN((R)) 2) and ZnSe (IRTRAN((R)) 4) in the 1960s. Because the hot pressed materials could not be made in very large sizes and suffered from undesirable optical losses, the Air Force began to look for alternative manufacturing methods around 1970. Almost immediately, highly successful materials were produced by chemical vapor deposition under Air Force sponsorship by a team led by James Pappis at the Raytheon Research Division in Waltham, Massachusetts. Chemical-vapor-deposited materials replaced hot pressed materials in most applications within a few years. From a stream of Air Force contracts in the 1970s and early 1980s, Raytheon produced two different grades of ZnS for windows and domes, one grade of ZnSe for high-energy CO2 laser windows, and a composite ZnS/ZnSe window for aircraft sensor pods. In 1980, a competitor called CVD, Inc., was formed by Robert Donadio, who came from the Raytheon Research Division. CVD began with a license from Raytheon, but soon sued Raytheon, arguing that the license violated the Sherman Antitrust Act. Raytheon countersued for breach of employment contracts and misappropriation of trade secrets. In 1984, a jury ruled in favor of CVD, which went on to build a lucrative business in ZnSe and ZnS. CVD was eventually purchased, first by Morton, and later by Robin & Haas. II-VI, Inc. was formed in 1971 by Carl J. Johnson and James E. Hawkey to produce CdTe optics for industrial CO2 lasers. When Raytheon introduced ZnSe into the market in 1974, it was obvious that ZnSe was superior to CdTe, so H-VI purchased ZnSe from Raytheon to produce optical components. The supply of ZnSe was never stable enough for II-VI, which therefore began its own effort to deposit ZnSe in 1975. In 1980, II-VI became an investor in and customer of CVD, Inc., buying a substantial portion of the ZnSe that could be supplied by both Raytheon and CVD. Still pressed to meet customer demand, II-VI built its first ZnSe production furnace in the period 1983-1986. A second furnace came on line in 1988 and two more were operational by 1990. Finally attaining excess capacity, H-VI became a supplier of ZnS as well as ZnSe. In 1990, Raytheon exited the ZnS and ZnSe business, leaving it mainly to CVD and II-VI. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Harris, DC (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, 1900 N Knox Rd,Stop 6303, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6667-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6545 BP 54502 EP 54502 AR 654502 DI 10.1117/12.716808 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BGL42 UT WOS:000248191900001 ER PT S AU Sullivan, RM Phelps, A Kirschc, JA Welsh, EA Harris, DC AF Sullivan, Roger M. Phelps, Andrew Kirschc, James A. Welsh, Earle A. Harris, Daniel C. BE Tustison, RW TI Erosion studies of infrared dome materials - art. no. 65450G SO Window and Dome Technologies and Materials X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials X CY APR 11-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL AB The testing reported in this paper operationalized the material requirement: An infrared transparent dome material must be at least as good as magnesium fluoride in rain tests and substantially better than magnesium fluoride in sand tests. Sand erosion test conclusions, based on changes in midwave infrared transmission, are that Cleartran (TM) with the protective coating system tested is not substantially more resistant to large grain sand erosion damage than magnesium fluoride. ALON (TM) and spinel are substantially more resistant to large grain sand erosion damage than magnesium fluoride. There is no significant transmission difference due to small grain sand erosion observed between any of the tested coupons. Qualitative analysis of coupon damage after exposure to an artificial rain field on a whirling arm showed that ALON (TM) and spinel are at least as rain erosion resistant as magnesium fluoride, but the coated Cleartran (TM) coupons delaminated rapidly under the same rain test conditions. Testing coupons exposed sequentially to the milder sand condition followed by the whirling arm rain erosion test demonstrated that magnesium fluoride rain resistance is diminished in the combined test, but that ALON (TM) and spinel retain their robust resistance. Coated Cleartran (TM) delaminated under the combined conditions as well. It is noteworthy that the results reported for the midwave infrared range also apply to the near infrared region above I micron. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Sullivan, RM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. OI Phelps, Andrew/0000-0002-1160-4606 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6667-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6545 BP G5450 EP G5450 AR 65450G DI 10.1117/12.719966 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BGL42 UT WOS:000248191900011 ER PT S AU Corsaro, R Liou, JC Giovane, F Tsou, P AF Corsaro, R. Liou, J. C. Giovane, F. Tso, P. GP ESA TI Continuous large-area micrometeoroid flux measuring instrument SO Workshop on Dust in Planetary Systems SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Dust in Planetary Systems CY SEP 26-30, 2005 CL Kauai, HI SP NASA, ESA, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Univ Hawaii Manoa AB The characterization of dust populations between 100 microns and 1 cm is a key component to improving our understanding of the ongoing physical processes of asteroids, comets, Kuiper Belt objects, planetary rings and planetary satellites. It is also critical for satellite impact risk assessments in the near Earth environment, and future explorations to the Moon, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, etc. There is a lack of data in this critical size regime, with present in situ detection capability limited to particles 10 microns or smaller. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Corsaro, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 978-92-9092-207-0 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2007 VL 643 BP 235 EP 238 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGB26 UT WOS:000245892600043 ER PT J AU Dmowski, W Egami, T Swider-Lyons, KE Yan, WF Dai, S Overbury, SH AF Dmowski, Wojtek Egami, Takeshi Swider-Lyons, Karen E. Yan, Wen-Fu Dai, Sheng Overbury, Steven H. TI Local atomic structure in disordered and nanocrystalline catalytic materials SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article DE pair distribution function; X-ray scattering; nanocrystalline materials; catalysts ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; CO OXIDATION; GOLD; NEUTRON; OXIDES; RU AB The power of the atomic pair density function method to study the local atomic structure of dispersed materials is discussed for three examples (I) supercapacitor hydrous ruthenia, (II) electroctalyst platinum-iron phosphate and (III) nanoparticle gold catalyst. Hydrous ruthenia appears to be amorphous, but was found to be nano-composite with RUO2 nanocrystals supporting electronic and hydrous boundaries protonic conductivity. A platinum-iron phosphate electrocatalyst, that exhibits activity for the oxygen reduction reaction has platinum in a nonmetallic state. In catalysts comprised of gold nanoparticles supported on TiO2, atomic correlations in the second atomic shell were observed suggesting interaction with the support that could modify gold chemical activity. C1 [Dmowski, Wojtek; Egami, Takeshi] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Egami, Takeshi] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Egami, Takeshi; Yan, Wen-Fu; Dai, Sheng; Overbury, Steven H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Swider-Lyons, Karen E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dmowski, W (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM wdmowski@utk.edu RI Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA ROSENHEIMER STR 143, D-81671 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2007 VL 222 IS 11 BP 617 EP 624 DI 10.1524/zkri.2007.222.11.617 PG 8 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 250VT UT WOS:000252330100008 ER PT J AU De Bosschere, H Wang, Z Orlandi, PA AF De Bosschere, H. Wang, Z. Orlandi, P. A. TI First diagnosis of Encephalitozoon intestinalis and E-hellem in a European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) with kidney lesions SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Encephalitozoon intestinalis; E. hellem; European brown hare; diagnosis; kidney; molecular methods ID MICROSPORIDIOSIS; INFECTION; LOVEBIRD AB Encephalitozoon intestinalis and Encephalitozoon hellem were diagnosed in the kidneys of a free - ranging European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) with multi-focal wedge-shaped chronic interstitial nephritis using real-time PCR and microarray. This is the first description of these microsporidia species in a European brown hare, which are both potential zoonotic agents. C1 Vet Sect, Med Lab Bruyland, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Div Virulence Assessment, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP De Bosschere, H (reprint author), Vet Sect, Med Lab Bruyland, Meiweg 1A, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium. EM hendrik.de.bosschere@bruyland.be NR 11 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PY 2007 VL 54 IS 3-4 BP 131 EP 134 DI 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2007.01034.x PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 161BB UT WOS:000245988200004 PM 17456143 ER PT J AU Bubb, DM Sezer, AO Harris, D Rezae, F Kelty, SP AF Bubb, D. M. Sezer, A. O. Harris, D. Rezae, F. Kelty, S. P. TI Steady-state mechanism for polymer ablation by a free-running Er : YAG laser SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE laser ablation; steady-state; ablation mechanism; pulsed laser deposition; polymer ablation; physical vapor deposition ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHTS; TENSILE-STRENGTH; FORCE-FIELD; FILMS; DEPOSITION; TEMPERATURE; SURFACE AB A free-running Er:YAG laser is used to ablate polyethylene glycol and the ablation yield is studied as a function of molecular weight (100010,000 g/mol) and laser fluence (8-25 J/cm(2)). A steady-state ablation mechanism is proposed which includes recoil-induced expulsion as the primary contributor to the ablation yield. It is also proposed that the formation of a molten layer is a necessary part of the ablation mechanism because the calculated tensile strengths for the solid polymer are too large to permit fracture of the target due to the laser-induced stress transient. The ablation yield is found to depend in a sigmoidal fashion upon laser fluence, thus implying a variable ablation enthalpy. Finally, the current results are compared with that obtained previously with a free electron laser. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Camden, NJ 08102 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Haverford Coll, Dept Chem, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. Seton Hall Univ, Dept Econ, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. Seton Hall Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. Seton Hall Univ, Ctr Computat Res, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. RP Bubb, DM (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Business & Sci Bldg 227 Penn St, Camden, NJ 08102 USA. EM dbubb@camden.rutgers.edu NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD DEC 30 PY 2006 VL 253 IS 5 BP 2386 EP 2392 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.04.059 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 122RN UT WOS:000243244300006 ER PT J AU Handler, RA Housiadas, KD Beris, AN AF Handler, R. A. Housiadas, K. D. Beris, A. N. TI Karhunen-Loeve representations of turbulent channel flows using the method of snapshots SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE Karhunen-Loeve; turbulence; drag reduction; viscoelasticity ID DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DRAG-REDUCING FLOW; COHERENT STRUCTURES; FREE-SURFACE; REYNOLDS-NUMBER; PASSIVE SCALAR; BOUNDARY-LAYER; REDUCTION; DYNAMICS; STRESS AB For three-dimensional flows with one inhomogeneous spatial coordinate and two periodic directions, the Karhunen-Loeve procedure is typically formulated as a spatial eigenvalue problem. This is normally referred to as the direct method (DM). Here we derive an equivalent formulation in which the eigenvalue problem is formulated in the temporal coordinate. It is shown that this so-called method of snapshots (MOS) has some numerical advantages when compared to the DM. In particular, the MOS can be formulated purely as a matrix composed of scalars, thus avoiding the need to construct a matrix of matrices as in the DM. In addition, the MOS avoids the need for so-called weight functions, which emerge in the DM as a result of the non-uniform grid typically employed in the inhomogeneous direction. The avoidance of such weight functions, which may exhibit singular behaviour, guarantees satisfaction of the boundary conditions. The MOS is applied to data sets recently obtained from the direct simulation of turbulence in a channel in which viscoelasticity is imparted to the fluid using a Giesekus model. The analysis reveals a steep drop in the dimensionality of the turbulence as viscoelasticity is increased. This is consistent with the results that have been obtained with other viscoelastic models, thus revealing an essential generic feature of polymer-induced drag reduced turbulent flows. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Handler, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SV, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM robert.handler@nrl.navy.mil; housiadas@che.udel.edu; beris@che.udel.edu NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD DEC 30 PY 2006 VL 52 IS 12 BP 1339 EP 1360 DI 10.1002/fld.1231 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 115AG UT WOS:000242706200003 ER PT J AU Slanger, TG Cosby, PC Sharpee, BD Minschwaner, KR Siskind, DE AF Slanger, T. G. Cosby, P. C. Sharpee, B. D. Minschwaner, K. R. Siskind, D. E. TI O(S-1 -> D-1,P-3) branching ratio as measured in the terrestrial nightglow SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COLLISION-INDUCED EMISSION; ASTRONOMICAL SKY SPECTRA; ATOMIC OXYGEN; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; FORBIDDEN TRANSITIONS; ULTRAVIOLET NIGHTGLOW; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; 2P4 CONFIGURATION; VENUS NIGHTGLOW AB The branching ratio of the two optically forbidden atmospheric emission lines, O(S-1 - D-1) at 557.7 nm and O(S-1 - P-3) at 297.2 nm, is a fixed number in the upper atmosphere because the O( 1 S) level is common to both lines. The value for the ratio A(557.7)/A(297.2) currently recommended by NIST is 16.7, and the ratio found in the laboratory is somewhat larger. Field observations require space-based instruments, in which case calibration between the two wavelength regions is the critical issue. We circumvent this problem by using the O-2(A-X) Herzberg I emission system as a bridge between the UV region below 310 nm and the ground-accessible region above that wavelength. These two spectral regions can be separately calibrated in terms of intensity, and the results of a disparate set of observations (satellite, rocket, ground-based sky spectra) lead to a quite consistent value of 9.8 +/- 1.0 for A(557.7)/A(297.2). This conclusion has consequences for auroral and dayglow processes and for spectral calibration. It is particularly important to ascertain the cause of the substantial difference between this value and those from theory. C1 SRI Int, Mol Phys Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20376 USA. RP Slanger, TG (reprint author), SRI Int, Mol Phys Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tom.slanger@sri.com NR 64 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 30 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A12 AR A12318 DI 10.1029/2006JA011972 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 124DW UT WOS:000243348700001 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, K. L. TI On enhanced translational diffusion or the fractional Stokes-Einstein relation observed in a supercooled ionic liquid SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; COUPLING MODEL; O-TERPHENYL; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING; MOTION AB From their experimental studies of the supercooled molecular ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIM-HFP), Ito and Richert [J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, in press.] found that the Stokes-Einstein and the Debye-Stokes-Einstein laws do not hold. Instead, enhanced translational diffusion or fractional Stokes-Einstein and fractional Debye-Stokes-Einstein relations are observed, just like in nonionic glass-forming liquids, including 1,3-bis(1-naphthyl)-5-(2-naphthyl)benzene, o-terphenyl, and sucrose benzoate. The comprehensive measurements made by Ito and Richert have determined the critical parameters that the coupling model needs to explain the observed fractional Stokes-Einstein and fractional Debye-Stokes-Einstein relations in the supercooled molecular ionic liquid. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, INFM UdR Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ngai@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 28 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 51 BP 26211 EP 26214 DI 10.1021/jp065601c PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 118WN UT WOS:000242974300096 PM 17181278 ER PT J AU Kuzmic, M Janekovic, I Book, JW Martin, PJ Doyle, JD AF Kuzmic, Milivoj Janekovic, Ivica Book, Jeffrey W. Martin, Paul J. Doyle, James D. TI Modeling the northern Adriatic double-gyre response to intense bora wind: A revisit SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA; CIRCULATION; HYDRODYNAMICS; SIMULATION; PREDICTION; BOTTOM; WATER; GULF; BURA AB [ 1] A combination of recent intensive observations and simulations with two numerical models is used to revisit the issue of the northern Adriatic response to strong bora episodes. New observed and simulated data reinforce the view that an episode of strong bora wind provokes a double-gyre ( cyclonic, Trieste, and anticyclonic, Rovinj) response north of the Po Delta - Pula line. During an intense bora episode, both measured and modeled statistics picture a downwind, highly polarized, and almost depth-independent flow within the Trieste gyre NW arm. Its NE arm maintains a sharp polarization and strong depth dependence while exhibiting lower speeds, with models in good accord with observations. The current statistics for Rovinj gyre provide lower maximum and average speed values and less polarized but still rather depth-independent flow, while exhibiting clockwise rotation. The north arm of the Senj gyre ( positioned south of the Po Delta - Pula line) enjoys more lateral freedom, and exhibits less rectilinear flow. Our review reinforces the notion that modeling studies based on ECMWF wind forcing fail to properly take into account the orographic control of the Dinaric Alps, and to produce correct bora-induced gyral pattern. The COAMPS 1 model successfully simulated the onset, duration, and decay of the wind peaks, but exhibited a tendency to overpredict the strength of the bora wind. Our simulations have identified the shallow NW coastal strip as an important source of colder water observed in a sequence of remotely sensed SST fields derived from AVHRR data. C1 Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Ctr Marine & Environm Res, Zagreb 10002, Croatia. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kuzmic, M (reprint author), Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Ctr Marine & Environm Res, POB 180, Zagreb 10002, Croatia. EM kuzmic@rudjer.irb.hr RI Janekovic, Ivica/N-7639-2013 NR 56 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 27 PY 2006 VL 111 IS C3 AR C03S13 DI 10.1029/2005JC003377 PG 27 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 133UY UT WOS:000244040600001 ER PT J AU Xu, M Chang, CP Fu, CB Qi, Y Robock, A Robinson, D Zhang, HM AF Xu, Ming Chang, Chih-Pei Fu, Congbin Qi, Ye Robock, Alan Robinson, David Zhang, Huai-min TI Steady decline of east Asian monsoon winds, 1969-2000: Evidence from direct ground measurements of wind speed SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SUMMER MONSOON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; INTERDECADAL VARIATION; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; PART I; CHINA; TEMPERATURE; SURFACE AB It is commonly believed that greenhouse-gas-induced global warming can weaken the east Asian winter monsoon but strengthen the summer monsoon, because of stronger warming over high-latitude land as compared to low-latitude oceans. In this study, we show that the surface wind speed associated with the east Asian monsoon has significantly weakened in both winter and summer in the recent three decades. From 1969 to 2000, the annual mean wind speed over China has decreased steadily by 28%, and the prevalence of windy days (daily mean wind speed > 5 m/s) has decreased by 58%. The temperature trends during this period have not been uniform. Significant winter warming in northern China may explain the decline of the winter monsoon, while the summer cooling in central south China and warming over the South China Sea and the western North Pacific Ocean may be responsible for weakening the summer monsoon. In addition, we found that the monsoon wind speed is also highly correlated with incoming solar radiation at the surface. The present results, when interpreted together with those of recent climate model simulations, suggest two mechanisms that govern the decline of the east Asian winter and summer monsoons, both of which may be related to human activity. The winter decline is associated with global-scale warming that may be attributed to increased greenhouse gas emission, while the summer decline is associated with local cooling over south-central China that may result from air pollution. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing & Spatial Anal, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. NW A&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Yanglin, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. Tsinghua Univ, Sch Publ Policy & Management, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geog, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Xu, M (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing & Spatial Anal, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM mingxu@crssa.rutgers.edu RI Robock, Alan/B-6385-2016; OI Robock, Alan/0000-0002-6319-5656 NR 39 TC 182 Z9 184 U1 6 U2 49 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 23 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D24 AR D24111 DI 10.1029/2006JD007337 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120SY UT WOS:000243107500001 ER PT J AU Dymond, KF McDonald, SE Coker, C Bernhardt, PA Selcher, CA AF Dymond, K. F. McDonald, S. E. Coker, C. Bernhardt, P. A. Selcher, C. A. TI Simultaneous inversion of total electron content and UV radiance data to produce F region electron densities SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IONOSPHERIC TOMOGRAPHY; ULTRAVIOLET; IMAGER AB [ 1] The High Resolution Airglow and Aurora Spectroscopy (HIRAAS) experiment was launched aboard ARGOS on 23 February 1999. The HIRAAS experiment operated from mid-May 1999 through March 2002. One of the HIRAAS instruments, the Low Resolution Airglow and Aurora Spectrograph (LORAAS), gathered limb scans over the 750 - 100 km altitude range of the 911-angstrom emission during the daytime and the O I 1356 angstrom emission at night; these emissions are useful for characterizing the ion density distribution in the F region. The Coherent Electromagnetic Radio Tomography (CERTO) experiment, a coherently emitting radio beacon operating at 150 and 400 MHz, also flew on the ARGOS. The slant total electron content (TEC) between ARGOS and the ground was measured, using the CERTO beacon emissions, by a receiver located at the Naval Research Laboratory during early 2001. During the mission life of ARGOS, the ARGOS and TOPEX/Poseidon satellites occasionally crossed paths, permitting additional validation of the ARGOS measurements against TOPEX vertical total electron content measurements. We present a comparison of the UV-derived TEC and the radio beacon - derived TEC over the Naval Research Laboratory during January - April of 2001, based on LORAAS and CERTO measurements; we also present the electron densities derived by simultaneously inverting both the UV radiances and the CERTO-derived TEC. These results are validated against ionosondes. The TOPEX and UV measurements are also inverted tomographically and are used to demonstrate enhanced spatial resolution of the ionospheric reconstructions. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Beam Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. USN, Res Lab, Transmiss Technol Branch, Informat Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dymond, KF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kenneth.dymond@nrl.navy.mil OI Dymond, Kenneth/0000-0001-8060-9016 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD DEC 22 PY 2006 VL 41 IS 6 AR RS6S19 DI 10.1029/2005RS003363 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 120UH UT WOS:000243111200001 ER PT J AU Masters, KL Springob, CM Haynes, MP Giovanelli, R AF Masters, Karen L. Springob, Christopher M. Haynes, Martha P. Giovanelli, Riccardo TI SFI++ I: A new I-band Tully-Fisher template, the cluster peculiar velocity dispersion, and H-0 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmological parameters; distance scale; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : fundamental parameters ID EXTRAGALACTIC DISTANCE SCALE; TELESCOPE KEY PROJECT; SPIRAL GALAXIES; CEPHEID DISTANCE; HUBBLE CONSTANT; SC GALAXIES; INTERNAL EXTINCTION; SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; ROTATION CURVES; WIDTH RELATION AB The SFI++ consists of similar to 5000 spiral galaxies that have measurements suitable for the application of the I-band Tully-Fisher (TF) relation. This sample builds on the SCI and SFI samples published in the 1990s but includes significant amounts of new data, as well as improved methods for parameter determination. We derive a new I-band TF relation from a subset of this sample, which consists of 807 galaxies in the fields of 31 nearby clusters and groups. This sample constitutes the largest ever available for the calibration of the TF template and extends the range of line widths over which the template is reliably measured. Careful accounting is made of observational and sample biases such as incompleteness, finite cluster size, galaxymorphology, and environment. We find evidence for a type-dependent TF slope that is shallower for early-type than for late-type spirals. The line-of-sight cluster peculiar velocity dispersion is measured for the sample of 31 clusters. This value is directly related to the spectrum of initial density fluctuations and thus provides an independent verification of the best-fit WMAP cosmology and an estimate of Omega(0.6)sigma(8) = 0.52 +/- 0.06. We also provide an independent measure of the TF zero point using 17 galaxies in the SFI++ sample for which Cepheid distances are available. In combination with the "basket-of-clusters'' template relation these calibrator galaxies provide a measure of H-0 = 74 +/- 2 (random) +/- 6 (systematic) km s(-1) Mpc(-1). C1 Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Masters, KL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM kmasters@cfa.harvard.edu; Christopher.Springob@nrl.navy.mil; haynes@astro.cornell.edu; riccardo@astro.cornell.edu OI Masters, Karen/0000-0003-0846-9578 NR 50 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 653 IS 2 BP 861 EP 880 DI 10.1086/508924 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 118PW UT WOS:000242955200004 ER PT J AU Liu, X Pohl, RO Photiadis, DM AF Liu, Xiao Pohl, R. O. Photiadis, D. M. TI Internal friction study of ion-implantation induced defects in silicon SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Internal Friction and Mechanical Spectroscopy (ICIFMS-14) CY SEP 05-09, 2005 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP ICIFUAS, Iketani Sci Tech Fdn DE internal friction; ion-implantation; tunneling states; divacancy ID SYMMETRY-LOWERING DISTORTION; RESONANT BONDS; DIVACANCY; FILMS; SI AB Using a sensitive silicon paddle oscillator technique, we measured the internal friction of single-crystalline silicon substrate implanted with As+, Si+, B+, and H+ ions with a dose of similar to 10(19) m(-2). A distinct internal friction peak at about 48 K is observed in all cases. The overall internal friction from 0.4 K to room temperature is also similar for the different species of ions used. The peak shifts to lower temperature at a reduced resonance frequency, characteristic of a thermally activated relaxation. The insensitivity of the peak to the ion species indicates that it is caused by a vacancy-type defect. Isochronal annealing study shows that the peak anneals away at a temperature between 200 and 300 degrees C, and that is consistent with divacancy defects. By plasma etching the substrate layer by layer, we have identified that the defects are concentrated at a damaged crystalline layer right underneath the top amorphized layer in the Si+ implanted sample. The exact mechanism that caused the relaxation peak is still not clear, although our quantitative analysis points to an electronic origin. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM xiao.liu@nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 442 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 63 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.02.212 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 118XB UT WOS:000242975700012 ER PT J AU Liu, X Spiel, CL Merithew, RD Pohl, RO Nelson, BP Wang, Q Crandall, RS AF Liu, Xiao Spiel, C. L. Merithew, R. D. Pohl, R. O. Nelson, B. P. Wang, Qi Crandall, R. S. TI Internal friction of amorphousand nanocrystalline silicon at low temperatures SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Internal Friction and Mechanical Spectroscopy (ICIFMS-14) CY SEP 05-09, 2005 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP ICIFUAS, Iketani Sci Tech Fdn DE internal friction; hydrogenated amorphous silicon; double-paddle oscillator; tunneling states ID LOW-ENERGY EXCITATIONS; MEDIUM-RANGE ORDER; A-SI-H; MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON; HYDROGEN DILUTION; FILMS; SOLIDS AB We measured the low temperature internal friction of a variety of hydrogenated amorphous, nanocrystalline, polycrystalline, and epitaxial silicon thin films. Most of the films studied are prepared either by hot-wire chemical-vapor deposition (HWCVD) or by plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition (PECVD). We show that structural changes with varying modes of deposition can be monitored by the internal friction measurements, which are a sensitive probe to structural disorder resulted from atomic tunneling states below 10 K. For hydrogenated amorphous silicon films, the measurements are also sensitive to the content of atomic hydrogen and bulk molecular hydrogen trapped in the films. With H-2 dilution of the silane during deposition, a transition from amorphous to nanocrystalline phase takes place as H-2 dilution increases. We show that with increasing volume of nanocrystallinity, the internal friction increases in contrast to our common expectation. The results suggest a large structural disorder in the nanocrystalline phase that is at least comparable to that of amorphous phase exists. The observation of internal friction peaks in amorphous HWCVD films and in nanocrystalline PECVD films indicates that the microstructures of the HWCVD and PECVD films are different. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM xliu@genah.nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 442 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 307 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.01.146 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 118XB UT WOS:000242975700063 ER PT J AU Metcalf, TH Liu, X Houston, BH Butler, JE Feygelson, T AF Metcalf, Thomas H. Liu, Xiao Houston, Brian H. Butler, James E. Feygelson, Tatyana TI Role of film-substrate interface in the internal friction of nanocrystalline diamond films SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Internal Friction and Mechanical Spectroscopy (ICIFMS-14) CY SEP 05-09, 2005 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP ICIFUAS, Iketani Sci Tech Fdn DE nanocrystalline diamond; internal friction ID RESONATORS; OSCILLATOR; MODES AB In light of recent measurements which indicate a dominant role in the low-temperature internal friction for interface-layers of diamond films grown on silicon substrates, the internal friction of a series of four nanocrystalline diamond films was measured. The films, all 0.5 mu m thick, had internal friction silimar in magnitude to those reported before, Q(f)(-1) 4 approximate to 10(-6), below roughly 100 K. However, no dependence on interface-layer structure was found, contrary to expectations. The films did exhibit a low-temperature internal friction peak, at 1-2 K, which was also observed in previous films. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. GeoCenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. RP Metcalf, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tom.metcalf@nrl.navy.mil RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 442 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 332 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.02.208 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 118XB UT WOS:000242975700068 ER PT J AU Kashani, A Phillips, CO Foody, JM Wang, YF Mangalmurti, S Ko, DT Krumholz, HM AF Kashani, Amir Phillips, Christopher O. Foody, JoAnne M. Wang, Yongfei Mangalmurti, Sandeep Ko, Dennis T. Krumholz, Harlan M. TI Risks associated with statin therapy - A systematic overview of randomized clinical trials SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE coronary disease; creatine kinase; lipids ID METAANALYSIS COMBINING PARALLEL; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; PRIMARY HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; DOSE-RESPONSE; DOUBLE-BLIND; EFFICACY; SAFETY AB Background - Although statins reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, concerns about adverse effects may deter physicians from prescribing these agents. We performed a systematic overview of randomized statin trials to quantify the risks of musculoskeletal, renal, and hepatic complications associated with therapy. Methods and Results - Major statin trials were identified by electronic search of the MEDLINE database from 1966 to December 2005. We included English language reports of adults with documented hyperlipidemia; double-blind, random allocation of >= 100 patients to statin monotherapy versus placebo; and reports of myalgia, creatine kinase elevations, rhabdomyolysis, transaminase elevations, and discontinuation due to adverse events. Among 74 102 subjects enrolled in 35 trials (follow-up range, 1 to 65 months), statin therapy (excluding cerivastatin) did not result in significant absolute increases in risks of myalgias (risk difference/1000 patients [RD], 2.7; 95% CI, -3.2 to 8.7), creatine kinase elevations (RD, 0.2; 95% CI, -0.6 to 0.9), rhabdomyolysis (RD, 0.4; 95% CI, -0.1 to 0.9), or discontinuation due to any adverse event (RD, -0.5; 95% CI, -4.3 to 3.3). The absolute risk of transaminase elevations was significantly higher with statin therapy (RD, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.5 to 6.9). Conclusions - On the basis of data available from published clinical trials, statin therapy is associated with a small excess risk of transaminase elevations, but not of myalgias, creatine kinase elevations, rhabdomyolysis, or withdrawal of therapy compared with placebo. Further study is necessary to determine whether the results from these published clinical trials are similar to what occurs in routine practice, particularly among patients who are older, have more severe comorbid conditions, or receive higher statin doses than most patients in these clinical trials. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Sect Cardiovasc Med, Dept Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Gen Internal Med, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. VA Connecticut Healthcare Syst, West Haven, CT USA. USN, Ambulat Hlth Clin, Groton, CT USA. Sunnybrook & Womens Coll, Hlth Sci Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Sect Hlth Policy & Adm, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Robert Wood Johnson Clin Scholars Program, Dept Med, New Haven, CT USA. Yale New Haven Med Ctr, Ctr Outcomes Res & Evaluat, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. RP Krumholz, HM (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Sect Cardiovasc Med, Dept Med, 333 Cedar St,Room I-456 SHM,POB 208088, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM harlan.krumholz@yale.edu OI Ko, Dennis/0000-0001-6840-8051 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [3 R01 HL 080228-01S1] NR 66 TC 233 Z9 246 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD DEC 19 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 25 BP 2788 EP 2797 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.624890 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 126OH UT WOS:000243522300009 PM 17159064 ER PT J AU Martin, PJ Book, JW Doyle, JD AF Martin, P. J. Book, J. W. Doyle, J. D. TI Simulation of the northern Adriatic circulation during winter 2003 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA GENERAL-CIRCULATION; COASTAL OCEAN MODEL; BORA; PREDICTION; WATER AB [ 1] Numerical simulations of the Adriatic Sea were conducted with the Navy Coastal Ocean Model during the Adriatic Circulation Experiment in the fall and winter of 2002/2003, and results were compared with observations. The ocean model used a 1-km resolution grid over the entire Adriatic Sea. Model forcing included atmospheric fluxes from the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS), tides, boundary conditions from a global model, and freshwater river and runoff inflows. Model tidal elevation showed good agreement with International Hydrographic Organization station data, and model tidal currents showed good agreement with tidal currents determined from acoustic Doppler current profiler ( ADCP) measurements. Detided model currents showed good agreement with ADCP currents with rms errors along the principal variance axes ranging from 6 to 12.9 cm/s and correlations ranging from 0.16 to 0.81. Correlations between model and ADCP currents along the minor variance axes were generally low. Comparison of the model-simulated temperature and salinity profiles during January and February with conductivity-temperature-depth measurements indicated that the model captured some of the spatial structure of the observed fields. The model response to several bora wind events in January and February showed a recurring pattern of cyclonic and anticyclonic gyres that generally agreed with observations and reflected the pattern of wind stress curl from the COAMPS wind stress forcing. During strong bora forcing, two large cyclonic circulation gyres form in the northern Adriatic with a smaller anticyclonic circulation between them near the Istrian Peninsula. Additionally, a couple of large meanders frequently occur within the Eastern Adriatic Current southeast of Kvarner Bay, and these meanders sometimes close to form small gyres. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Dynam & Predict Branch, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Atmospher Dynam & Predict Branch, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Martin, PJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Dynam & Predict Branch, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM paul.martin@nrlssc.navy.mil; book@nrlssc.navy.mil; doyle@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 39 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 19 PY 2006 VL 111 IS C3 AR C03S12 DI 10.1029/2006JC003511 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 133UT UT WOS:000244040100002 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM Berry, AD Kim, H Pique, A AF Bermudez, Victor M. Berry, Alan D. Kim, Heungsoo Pique, Alberto TI Functionalization of indium tin oxide SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS; 2P CORE-LEVEL; THIN-FILMS; CHARGE INJECTION; WORK-FUNCTION; ITO ELECTRODES AB The preparation and functionalization of ITO surfaces has been studied using primarily X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and the reagents n-hexylamine and n-octyltrimethoxysilane ( OTMS). Particular attention has been paid to characterization of the surfaces both before and after functionalization. Surfaces cleaned by ultraviolet (UV)/ozone treatment and subsequently exposed to room air have similar to 0.5-0.8 monolayers (ML) of adsorbed impurity C. Most is in the form of aliphatic species, but as much as one-half is partially oxidized and consists of C-OH, C-O-C, and/or > C=O groups. The coverage of these species can be reduced by cleaning in organic solvents prior to UV/ozone treatment. The OH coverage on the ITO surfaces studied here is relatively small (similar to 1.0 OH nm(-2)), based on the Si coverage after reaction with OTMS. A satellite feature in the O 1s XPS spectrum, often suggested to be a quantitative measure of adsorbed OH, receives a significant contribution from sources not directly related to hydroxylated ITO. n-Hexylamine adsorbs, at a saturation coverage of similar to 0.08 ML, via a Lewis acid-base interaction. The particular acid site has not been conclusively identified, but it is speculated that surface Sn sites may be involved. For OTMS, a saturation coverage of about 0.21 ML is found, and the C/Si atom ratios suggest that some displacement of preadsorbed organic impurities occurs during adsorption. The alkyl chain of adsorbed OTMS is disordered, with no preferred stereoisomer. However, the chain appears to lie mainly parallel to the surface with the plane defined by the terminal CH(3)-CH(2)-CH(2)- segment oriented essentially perpendicular to the surface. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Div Elect Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM victor.bermudez@nrl.navy.mil NR 89 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 19 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 26 BP 11113 EP 11125 DI 10.1021/la061578a PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 115ZB UT WOS:000242771200042 PM 17154592 ER PT J AU Melinger, JS Laman, N Harsha, SS Grischkowsky, D AF Melinger, Joseph S. Laman, N. Harsha, S. Sree Grischkowsky, D. TI Line narrowing of terahertz vibrational modes for organic thin polycrystalline films within a parallel plate waveguide SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; SECURITY APPLICATIONS; THZ AB Waveguide terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is used to demonstrate the narrowing of vibrational lines for a thin polycrystalline film of 1,2-dicyanobenzene in a parallel plate metal waveguide. When compared to corresponding linewidths for 1,2-dicyanobenzene in a pellet sample at room temperature, the linewidths for the waveguide film are found to be significantly sharper. For measurements near 77 K, a dramatic line narrowing is observed for the waveguide film, yielding linewidths as much as five times sharper than found in the pellet. These effects are attributed to much smaller inhomogeneous broadening in the waveguide film and result in a more informative spectrum. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Melinger, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM melinger@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; grischd@ceat.okstate.edu RI Srikantaiah, Sree/D-7744-2011 NR 12 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 18 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 25 AR 251110 DI 10.1063/1.2405884 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 125AZ UT WOS:000243415200010 ER PT J AU Kim, YH Kim, YB Kim, K Chang, KI Lyu, SJ Cho, YK Teague, WJ AF Kim, Young Ho Kim, Yun-Bae Kim, Kuh Chang, Kyung-Il Lyu, Sang Jin Cho, Yang-Ki Teague, William J. TI Seasonal variation of the Korea Strait Bottom Cold Water and its relation to the bottom current SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT AB Analysis of high resolution hydrographic and current data revealed that the Korea Strait Bottom Cold Water (KSBCW) flowed into the Korea Strait from May to January and contained two temperature minimums, one in August/September and another in December/January. With the main current flows confined within 70 km of the Korean coast, maximum southwestward bottom currents corresponded with the temperature minimums. Time-series of bottom current and temperature near the Korean coast clearly showed that the bottom temperature decreased as the bottom current strengthened. Seasonal variation of the KSBCW was linked to the combined effects of the barotropic and baroclinic current variations in the Korea Strait. The annual minimum bottom temperature of the KSBCW was associated with the maximum southwestward baroclinic component. The KSBCW had a secondary maximum southwestward bottom current and secondary minimum temperature in December/January when the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC), flowing into the East/Japan Sea (EJS), had the minimum volume transport. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Res Inst Oceanog, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Korea Meteorol Adm, Upper Air & Marine Meteorol Team, Seoul 156720, South Korea. Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Kim, YH (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Res Inst Oceanog, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM yhkimstar@gmail.com NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 24 AR L24604 DI 10.1029/2006GL027625 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 118KZ UT WOS:000242942500002 ER PT J AU Caffrey, PF Hoppel, WA Shi, JJ AF Caffrey, Peter F. Hoppel, William A. Shi, Jainn J. TI A one-dimensional sectional aerosol model integrated with mesoscale meteorological data to study marine boundary layer aerosol dynamics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SALT AEROSOL; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PREDICTION SYSTEM; FORECAST MODEL; SURFACE SOURCE; GULF-WAR; PACIFIC AB [1] The dynamics of aerosols in the marine boundary layer are simulated with a one-dimensional, multicomponent, sectional aerosol model using vertical profiles of turbulence, relative humidity, temperature, vertical velocity, cloud cover, and precipitation provided by 3-D mesoscale meteorological model output. The Naval Research Laboratory's (NRL) sectional aerosol model MARBLES ( Fitzgerald et al., 1998a) was adapted to use hourly meteorological input taken from NRL's Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Prediction System (COAMPS). COAMPS-generated turbulent mixing coefficients and large-scale vertical velocities determine vertical exchange within the marine boundary layer and exchange with the free troposphere. Air mass back trajectories were used to define the air column history along which the meteorology was retrieved for use with the aerosol model. Details on the integration of these models are described here, as well as a description of improvements made to the aerosol model, including transport by large-scale vertical motions ( such as subsidence and lifting), a revised sea-salt aerosol source function, and separate tracking of sulfate mass from each of the five sources ( free tropospheric, nucleated, condensed from gas phase oxidation products, cloud-processed, and produced from heterogeneous oxidation of S(IV) on sea-salt aerosol). Results from modeling air masses arriving at Oahu, Hawaii, are presented, and the relative contribution of free-tropospheric sulfate particles versus sea-salt aerosol from the surface to CCN concentrations is discussed. Limitations and benefits of the method are presented, as are sensitivity analyses of the effect of large-scale vertical motions versus turbulent mixing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Caffrey, PF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7228, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM peter.caffrey@nrl.navy.mil NR 79 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 16 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D24 AR D24201 DI 10.1029/2006JD007237 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118LG UT WOS:000242943200004 ER PT J AU Goldman, ER Anderson, GP Liu, JL Delehanty, JB Sherwood, LJ Osborn, LE Cummins, LB Hayhurst, A AF Goldman, Ellen R. Anderson, George P. Liu, Jinny L. Delehanty, James B. Sherwood, Laura J. Osborn, Lisa E. Cummins, Larry B. Hayhurst, Andrew TI Facile generation of heat-stable antiviral and antitoxin single domain antibodies from a semisynthetic llama library SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; AFFINITY MATURATION; VARIABLE DOMAINS; DISPLAY LIBRARY; STABILITY; FRAGMENTS; VHH; SELECTION; BINDING AB Llamas possess a class of unconventional immunoglobulins that have only heavy chains; unpaired heavy variable domains are responsible for antigen binding. These domains have previously been cloned and expressed as single domain antibodies (sdAbs); they comprise the smallest known antigen binding fragments. SdAbs have been shown to bind antigens at >90 degrees C and to refold after being denatured. To take advantage of the remarkable properties of sdAbs, we constructed a large, semisynthetic llama sdAb library. This library facilitated the rapid selection of binders to an array of biothreat targets. We selected sdAb specific for live vaccinia virus ( a smallpox virus surrogate), hen egg lysozyme, cholera toxin, ricin, and staphylococcal enterotoxin B. The selected sdAb possessed high specificity as well as enhanced thermal stability in comparison to conventional IgG and scFv antibodies. We also determined equilibrium dissociation constants as well as demonstrated the use of several antitoxin sdAbs as effective capture and reporter molecules in sandwich assays on the Luminex instrument. The ability to rapidly select such rugged antibodies will enhance the reliability of immunoassays by extending shelf life and the capacity to function in hostile environments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Comparat Med, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Virol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA. RP Goldman, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ellen.goldman@nrl.navy.mil; ahayhurst@sfbr.org RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011; OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893; Hayhurst, Andrew/0000-0003-4612-8707 FU NCRR NIH HHS [C06 RR012087, C06 RR012087-01, C06 RR12087] NR 54 TC 102 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 24 BP 8245 EP 8255 DI 10.1021/ac0610053 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 116TJ UT WOS:000242824900010 PM 17165813 ER PT J AU Haes, AJ Terray, A Collins, GE AF Haes, Amanda J. Terray, Alex Collins, Greg E. TI Bead-assisted displacement immunoassay for staphylococcal enterotoxin B on a microchip SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; ELECTROPHORESIS-BASED IMMUNOASSAYS; AMPLIFIED SAMPLE STACKING; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; MICROFLUIDIC IMMUNOASSAY; COMPETITIVE IMMUNOASSAY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BACTERIAL TOXINS AB A microchip-based, displacement immunoassay for the sensitive laser-induced fluorescence detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B is presented. The glass microchip device consists of a microchannel that contains a double weir structure for supporting antibody-functionalized microbeads. After a 30-min sample preparation step, the displacement assay was performed without user intervention and produced quantitative results in an additional 20 min. Linear detection responses were observed over 6 orders of magnitude and provided detection limits down to 1 fM(28.5 fg/mL). The surprisingly low detection limits are hypothesized to arise from field-based enrichment analogous to field-amplified stacking, chromatographic effects, and limited diffusion lengths in the microbead bed. The assay was challenged with bovine serum albumin, casein, and milk sample matrixes. This system has the potential to provide highly sensitive detection capabilities for target biomolecules. C1 USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6112, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM greg.collins@nrl.navy.mil FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI056047] NR 62 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 24 BP 8412 EP 8420 DI 10.1021/ac061057s PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 116TJ UT WOS:000242824900031 PM 17165834 ER PT J AU Song, HJ Chen, LG Li, J Sun, FR Wu, C AF Song, Hanjiang Chen, Lingen Li, Jun Sun, Fengrui Wu, Chih TI Optimal configuration of a class of endoreversible heat engines with linear phenomenological heat transfer law [q proportional to Delta(T-1)] SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FINITE-TIME THERMODYNAMICS; ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; GENERALIZED CARNOT CYCLE; WORKING FLUID; SEPARATION PROCESSES; OPTIMAL PATHS; OPTIMAL EXPANSION; SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY AB Optimal configuration of a class of endoreversible heat engines with fixed duration, input energy, and linear phenomenological heat transfer law [q proportional to Delta(T-1)] has been determined. The optimal cycles that maximize the efficiency and the power output of the engine have been obtained using optimal-control theory, and the differential equations are solved by using Taylor series expansion. It is shown that the optimal cycle for maximum efficiency has eight branches including two isothermal branches, four maximum-efficiency branches, and two adiabatic branches, and that the optimal cycle for maximum-power output has six branches including two isothermal branches, four maximum-power branches, and without an adiabatic branch. The interval of each branch has been obtained, as well as the solutions of the temperatures of heat reservoirs and working fluid. Numerical examples are given. The obtained results are compared with those obtained with Newton's heat transfer law [q proportional to Delta(T)] for maximum-efficiency and maximum-power output objectives. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 54 TC 26 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 12 AR 124907 DI 10.1063/1.2400512 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 121LA UT WOS:000243157900114 ER PT J AU Zhilyaev, AP Oh-ishi, K Raab, GI McNelley, TR AF Zhilyaev, A. P. Oh-ishi, K. Raab, G. I. McNelley, T. R. TI Influence of ECAP processing parameters on texture and microstructure of commercially pure aluminum SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE aluminum; equal channel angular pressing (ECAP); texture; simple shear; orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) ID CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; EVOLUTION; TORSION; FLOW; FE AB The development of shear textures and band-like features in the microstructure of commercially pure (CP) aluminum have been studied as a function of backpressure and die relief angle during equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) through a die with a 90 degrees die channel angle. Microtexture data were acquired by orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) following one pass and four repetitive passes by route A. In a 90 degrees die with zero relief angle, the microtexture data indicate that ECAP involves simple shear on a shear plane and in a shear direction that are rotated away from the plane of the die channel intersection toward the die exit channel. This rotation reflects the spreading of shear deformation through a fan-shaped region around the plane of the die channel intersection. The superposition of backpressure suppresses this spreading and the texture data indicate that deformation is confined to the plane of the die channel intersection, while the introduction of a relief angle at the outer corner of the die channel intersection promotes spreading and leads to further rotation of the shear plane and shear direction toward the axis of the die exit channel. Splitting of shear texture components is observed after the initial ECAP pass. Such splitting appears in the microstructure as band-like features separated by sub-grains. Band-like features became apparent in the microstructure after the initial pass and persisted through four ECAP passes by route A; these features become more prominent with increasing die relief angle. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USATU, Inst Phys Adv Mat, Ufa 450001, Russia. RP Zhilyaev, AP (reprint author), Ctr Nacl Invest Met, CENIM, CSIS, Avda Gregorio del Amo,8, Madrid 28040, Spain. EM AlexZ@anrb.ru RI Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010; Raab, Georgy/G-7530-2013; OI Zhilyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1902-8703 NR 22 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 441 IS 1-2 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.08.029 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 113QP UT WOS:000242612700030 ER PT J AU Brownlee, D Tsou, P Aleon, J Alexander, CMO Araki, T Bajt, S Baratta, GA Bastien, R Bland, P Bleuet, P Borg, J Bradley, JP Brearley, A Brenker, F Brennan, S Bridges, JC Browning, ND Brucato, JR Bullock, E Burchell, MJ Busemann, H Butterworth, A Chaussidon, M Cheuvront, A Chi, MF Cintala, MJ Clark, BC Clemett, SJ Cody, G Colangeli, L Cooper, G Cordier, P Daghlian, C Dai, ZR D'Hendecourt, L Djouadi, Z Dominguez, G Duxbury, T Dworkin, JP Ebel, DS Economou, TE Fakra, S Fairey, SAJ Fallon, S Ferrini, G Ferroir, T Fleckenstein, H Floss, C Flynn, G Franchi, IA Fries, M Gainsforth, Z Gallien, JP Genge, M Gilles, MK Gillet, P Gilmour, J Glavin, DP Gounelle, M Grady, MM Graham, GA Grant, PG Green, SF Grossemy, F Grossman, L Grossman, JN Guan, Y Hagiya, K Harvey, R Heck, P Herzog, GF Hoppe, P Horz, F Huth, J Hutcheon, ID Ignatyev, K Ishii, H Ito, M Jacob, D Jacobsen, C Jacobsen, S Jones, S Joswiak, D Jurewicz, A Kearsley, AT Keller, LP Khodja, H Kilcoyne, ALD Kissel, J Krot, A Langenhorst, F Lanzirotti, A Le, L Leshin, LA Leitner, J Lemelle, L Leroux, H Liu, MC Luening, K Lyon, I MacPherson, G Marcus, MA Marhas, K Marty, B Matrajt, G McKeegan, K Meibom, A Mennella, V Messenger, K Messenger, S Mikouchi, T Mostefaoui, S Nakamura, T Nakano, T Newville, M Nittler, LR Ohnishi, I Ohsumi, K Okudaira, K Papanastassiou, DA Palma, R Palumbo, ME Pepin, RO Perkins, D Perronnet, M Pianetta, P Rao, W Rietmeijer, FJM Robert, F Rost, D Rotundi, A Ryan, R Sandford, SA Schwandt, CS See, TH Schlutter, D Sheffield-Parker, J Simionovici, A Simon, S Sitnitsky, I Snead, CJ Spencer, MK Stadermann, FJ Steele, A Stephan, T Stroud, R Susini, J Sutton, SR Suzuki, Y Taheri, M Taylor, S Teslich, N Tomeoka, K Tomioka, N Toppani, A Trigo-Rodriguez, JM Troadec, D Tsuchiyama, A Tuzzolino, AJ Tyliszczak, T Uesugi, K Velbel, M Vellenga, J Vicenzi, E Vincze, L Warren, J Weber, I Weisberg, M Westphal, AJ Wirick, S Wooden, D Wopenka, B Wozniakiewicz, P Wright, I Yabuta, H Yano, H Young, ED Zare, RN Zega, T Ziegler, K Zimmerman, L Zinner, E Zolensky, M AF Brownlee, Don Tsou, Peter Aleon, Jerome Alexander, Conel M. O'D. Araki, Tohru Bajt, Sasa Baratta, Giuseppe A. Bastien, Ron Bland, Phil Bleuet, Pierre Borg, Janet Bradley, John P. Brearley, Adrian Brenker, F. Brennan, Sean Bridges, John C. Browning, Nigel D. Brucato, John R. Bullock, E. Burchell, Mark J. Busemann, Henner Butterworth, Anna Chaussidon, Marc Cheuvront, Allan Chi, Miaofang Cintala, Mark J. Clark, B. C. Clemett, Simon J. Cody, George Colangeli, Luigi Cooper, George Cordier, Patrick Daghlian, C. Dai, Zurong D'Hendecourt, Louis Djouadi, Zahia Dominguez, Gerardo Duxbury, Tom Dworkin, Jason P. Ebel, Denton S. Economou, Thanasis E. Fakra, Sirine Fairey, Sam A. J. Fallon, Stewart Ferrini, Gianluca Ferroir, T. Fleckenstein, Holger Floss, Christine Flynn, George Franchi, Ian A. Fries, Marc Gainsforth, Z. Gallien, J. -P. Genge, Matt Gilles, Mary K. Gillet, Philipe Gilmour, Jamie Glavin, Daniel P. Gounelle, Matthieu Grady, Monica M. Graham, Giles A. Grant, P. G. Green, Simon F. Grossemy, Faustine Grossman, Lawrence Grossman, Jeffrey N. Guan, Yunbin Hagiya, Kenji Harvey, Ralph Heck, Philipp Herzog, Gregory F. Hoppe, Peter Hoerz, Friedrich Huth, Joachim Hutcheon, Ian D. Ignatyev, Konstantin Ishii, Hope Ito, Motoo Jacob, Damien Jacobsen, Chris Jacobsen, Stein Jones, Steven Joswiak, David Jurewicz, Amy Kearsley, Anton T. Keller, Lindsay P. Khodja, H. Kilcoyne, A. L. David Kissel, Jochen Krot, Alexander Langenhorst, Falko Lanzirotti, Antonio Le, Loan Leshin, Laurie A. Leitner, J. Lemelle, L. Leroux, Hugues Liu, Ming-Chang Luening, K. Lyon, Ian MacPherson, Glen Marcus, Matthew A. Marhas, Kuljeet Marty, Bernard Matrajt, Graciela McKeegan, Kevin Meibom, Anders Mennella, Vito Messenger, Keiko Messenger, Scott Mikouchi, Takashi Mostefaoui, Smail Nakamura, Tomoki Nakano, T. Newville, M. Nittler, Larry R. Ohnishi, Ichiro Ohsumi, Kazumasa Okudaira, Kyoko Papanastassiou, Dimitri A. Palma, Russ Palumbo, Maria E. Pepin, Robert O. Perkins, David Perronnet, Murielle Pianetta, P. Rao, William Rietmeijer, Frans J. M. Robert, Francois Rost, D. Rotundi, Alessandra Ryan, Robert Sandford, Scott A. Schwandt, Craig S. See, Thomas H. Schlutter, Dennis Sheffield-Parker, J. Simionovici, Alexandre Simon, Steven Sitnitsky, I. Snead, Christopher J. Spencer, Maegan K. Stadermann, Frank J. Steele, Andrew Stephan, Thomas Stroud, Rhonda Susini, Jean Sutton, S. R. Suzuki, Y. Taheri, Mitra Taylor, Susan Teslich, Nick Tomeoka, Kazu Tomioka, Naotaka Toppani, Alice Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M. Troadec, David Tsuchiyama, Akira Tuzzolino, Anthony J. Tyliszczak, Tolek Uesugi, K. Velbel, Michael Vellenga, Joe Vicenzi, E. Vincze, L. Warren, Jack Weber, Iris Weisberg, Mike Westphal, Andrew J. Wirick, Sue Wooden, Diane Wopenka, Brigitte Wozniakiewicz, Penelope Wright, Ian Yabuta, Hikaru Yano, Hajime Young, Edward D. Zare, Richard N. Zega, Thomas Ziegler, Karen Zimmerman, Laurent Zinner, Ernst Zolensky, Michael TI Comet 81P/Wild 2 under a microscope SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLINE SILICATES; REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS; SOLAR NEBULA; KUIPER BELT; P/WILD 2; GRAINS; MINERALOGY; NUCLEUS; ORIGIN AB The Stardust spacecraft collected thousands of particles from comet 81P/Wild 2 and returned them to Earth for laboratory study. The preliminary examination of these samples shows that the nonvolatile portion of the comet is an unequilibrated assortment of materials that have both presolar and solar system origin. The comet contains an abundance of silicate grains that are much larger than predictions of interstellar grain models, and many of these are high-temperature minerals that appear to have formed in the inner regions of the solar nebula. Their presence in a comet proves that the formation of the solar system included mixing on the grandest scales. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Ctr Spectrometrie Nucl & Spectrometrie Masse, F-91405 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Osserv Astrofis Catania, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-95123 Catania, Italy. NASA, Engn Sci Contract Grp, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, Impact & Astromat Res Ctr, London SW7 2AZ, England. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Open Univ, Planetary & Space Sci Res Inst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Osserv Astron Capodimonte, INAF, I-80131 Naples, Italy. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Rech Petrog & Geochim, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. Lockheed Martin Space Syst, Littleton, CO 80125 USA. NASA, ERC Inc, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. NASA, Exobiol Branch, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Lab Struct & Proprietes Etat Solide, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NASA, Goddard Ctr Astrobiol, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New York, NY 10024 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Lab Astrophys & Space Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Kent, Ctr Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. Novaetech SRL, Naples, Italy. Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Lab Sci Terre, F-69007 Lyon, France. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Washington Univ, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63160 USA. SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. CEA Saclay, Lab Pierre Sue, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Etud Mat Extraterr, USM 0205, F-75005 Paris, France. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Geol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, Particle Chem Dept, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NASA, Robert M Walker Lab Space Sci, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci Directorate, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Meteorite Studies, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, D-07749 Jena, Germany. Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Studies, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. ESCG, Jacobs Sverdrup, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, D-4400 Munster, Germany. Univ Lille, Lille, France. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Ctr Rech Petrog & Geochim, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. Osserv Astron Capodimonte, INAF, I-80131 Naples, Italy. Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Etud Mat Extraterr, F-75005 Paris, France. Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. Geol Survey Japan, Ibaraki, Japan. Kobe Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Minnesota State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. Univ Parthenope, Dipartimento Sci Applicate, Naples, Italy. NASA, Astrophys Branch, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Engn Sci Contract Barrios Technol Astromat Res &, Houston, TX 77258 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. Japan Synchrotron Radiat Inst, Hyogo, Japan. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CSIC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, Inst Space Sci, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. IEEC, Barcelona 08034, Spain. Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. CUNY, Kingsborough Community Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Brownlee, D (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM brownlee@astro.washington.edu RI Leitner, Jan/A-7391-2015; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; Jacobsen, Chris/E-2827-2015; Tomioka, Naotaka/B-1888-2011; Chi, Miaofang/Q-2489-2015; Khodja, Hicham/A-1869-2016; Yabuta, Hikaru/M-9041-2014; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; UCLA, SIMS/A-1459-2011; Liu, Ming-Chang/D-1885-2010; Dworkin, Jason/C-9417-2012; Chaussidon, Marc/E-7067-2017; Zare, Richard/A-8410-2009; Green, Simon/C-7408-2009; Appourchaux, Thierry/F-4692-2010; McKeegan, Kevin/A-4107-2008; Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010; Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010; Gilmour, Jamie/G-7515-2011; Fallon, Stewart/G-6645-2011; Heck, Philipp/C-6092-2012; Cordier, Patrick/D-2357-2012; Taheri, Mitra/F-1321-2011; Jacobsen, Stein/B-1759-2013; Glavin, Daniel/D-6194-2012; Alexander, Conel/N-7533-2013; OI Palumbo, MariaElisabetta/0000-0002-9122-491X; Busemann, Henner/0000-0002-0867-6908; Baratta, Giuseppe/0000-0002-3688-160X; Grady, Monica/0000-0002-4055-533X; Gilmour, Jamie/0000-0003-1990-8636; Brucato, John Robert/0000-0002-4738-5521; Rotundi, Alessandra/0000-0001-5467-157X; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X; Leitner, Jan/0000-0003-3655-6273; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; Jacobsen, Chris/0000-0001-8562-0353; Tomioka, Naotaka/0000-0001-5725-9513; Chi, Miaofang/0000-0003-0764-1567; Yabuta, Hikaru/0000-0002-4625-5362; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Dworkin, Jason/0000-0002-3961-8997; McKeegan, Kevin/0000-0002-1827-729X; Fallon, Stewart/0000-0002-8064-5903; Cordier, Patrick/0000-0002-1883-2994; Glavin, Daniel/0000-0001-7779-7765; Alexander, Conel/0000-0002-8558-1427; Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943; Ignatyev, Konstantin/0000-0002-8937-5655 NR 26 TC 551 Z9 552 U1 13 U2 137 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5806 BP 1711 EP 1716 DI 10.1126/science.1135840 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 116WD UT WOS:000242833600041 PM 17170289 ER PT J AU Horz, F Bastien, R Borg, J Bradley, JP Bridges, JC Brownlee, DE Burchell, MJ Chi, MF Cintala, MJ Dai, ZR Djouadi, Z Dominguez, G Economou, TE Fairey, SAJ Floss, C Franchi, IA Graham, GA Green, SF Heck, P Hoppe, P Huth, J Ishii, H Kearsley, AT Kissel, J Leitner, J Leroux, H Marhas, K Messenger, K Schwandt, CS See, TH Snead, C Stadermann, FJ Stephan, T Stroud, R Teslich, N Trigo-Rodriguez, JM Tuzzolino, AJ Troadec, D Tsou, P Warren, J Westphal, A Wozniakiewicz, P Wright, I Zinner, E AF Hoerz, Friedrich Bastien, Ron Borg, Janet Bradley, John P. Bridges, John C. Brownlee, Donald E. Burchell, Mark J. Chi, Miaofang Cintala, Mark J. Dai, Zu Rong Djouadi, Zahia Dominguez, Gerardo Economou, Thanasis E. Fairey, Sam A. J. Floss, Christine Franchi, Ian A. Graham, Giles A. Green, Simon F. Heck, Philipp Hoppe, Peter Huth, Joachim Ishii, Hope Kearsley, Anton T. Kissel, Jochen Leitner, Jan Leroux, Hugues Marhas, Kuljeet Messenger, Keiko Schwandt, Craig S. See, Thomas H. Snead, Christopher Stadermann, Frank J. Stephan, Thomas Stroud, Rhonda Teslich, Nick Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M. Tuzzolino, A. J. Troadec, David Tsou, Peter Warren, Jack Westphal, Andrew Wozniakiewicz, Penelope Wright, Ian Zinner, Ernst TI Impact features on Stardust: Implications for comet 81P/Wild 2 dust SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPACECRAFT; AEROGEL AB Particles emanating from comet 81P/ Wild 2 collided with the Stardust spacecraft at 6.1 kilometers per second, producing hypervelocity impact features on the collector surfaces that were returned to Earth. The morphologies of these surprisingly diverse features were created by particles varying from dense mineral grains to loosely bound, polymineralic aggregates ranging from tens of nanometers to hundreds of micrometers in size. The cumulative size distribution of Wild 2 dust is shallower than that of comet Halley, yet steeper than that of comet Grigg-Skjellerup. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Engn Sci Contract Grp, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Open Univ, Planetary & Space Sci Res Inst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Kent, Ctr Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Lab Astrophys & Space Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Washington Univ, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63160 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, Particle Chem Dept, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Univ Lille, Lab Struct & Proprietes Etat Solide, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CSIC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, Inst Space Sci, Barcelona 08193, Spain. Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, Barcelona 08034, Spain. Univ Lille, Inst Electron Microelectron & Nanotechnol, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Horz, F (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Engn Sci Contract Grp, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM friedrich.p.horz@jsc.nasa.gov RI Green, Simon/C-7408-2009; Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010; Heck, Philipp/C-6092-2012; Leitner, Jan/A-7391-2015; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; OI Leitner, Jan/0000-0003-3655-6273; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943 NR 19 TC 192 Z9 193 U1 6 U2 35 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5806 BP 1716 EP 1719 DI 10.1126/science.1135705 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 116WD UT WOS:000242833600042 PM 17170290 ER PT J AU McKeegan, KD Aleon, J Bradley, J Brownlee, D Busemann, H Butterworth, A Chaussidon, M Fallon, S Floss, C Gilmour, J Gounelle, M Graham, G Guan, YB Heck, PR Hoppe, P Hutcheon, ID Huth, J Ishii, H Ito, M Jacobsen, SB Kearsley, A Leshin, LA Liu, MC Lyon, I Marhas, K Marty, B Matrajt, G Meibom, A Messenger, S Mostefaoui, S Mukhopadhyay, S Nakamura-Messenger, K Nittler, L Palma, R Pepin, RO Papanastassiou, DA Robert, F Schlutter, D Snead, CJ Stadermann, FJ Stroud, R Tsou, P Westphal, A Young, ED Ziegler, K Zimmermann, L Zinner, E AF McKeegan, Kevin D. Aleon, Jerome Bradley, John Brownlee, Donald Busemann, Henner Butterworth, Anna Chaussidon, Marc Fallon, Stewart Floss, Christine Gilmour, Jamie Gounelle, Matthieu Graham, Giles Guan, Yunbin Heck, Philipp R. Hoppe, Peter Hutcheon, Ian D. Huth, Joachim Ishii, Hope Ito, Motoo Jacobsen, Stein B. Kearsley, Anton Leshin, Laurie A. Liu, Ming-Chang Lyon, Ian Marhas, Kuljeet Marty, Bernard Matrajt, Graciela Meibom, Anders Messenger, Scott Mostefaoui, Smail Mukhopadhyay, Sujoy Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko Nittler, Larry Palma, Russ Pepin, Robert O. Papanastassiou, Dimitri A. Robert, Francois Schlutter, Dennis Snead, Christopher J. Stadermann, Frank J. Stroud, Rhonda Tsou, Peter Westphal, Andrew Young, Edward D. Ziegler, Karen Zimmermann, Laurent Zinner, Ernst TI Isotopic compositions of cometary matter returned by Stardust SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; CRYSTALLINE SILICATES; HALE-BOPP; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; ORGANIC-MATTER; METEORITES; NITROGEN; PRESOLAR; ORIGIN; RATIOS AB Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotopic compositions are heterogeneous among comet 81P/Wild 2 particle fragments; however, extreme isotopic anomalies are rare, indicating that the comet is not a pristine aggregate of presolar materials. Nonterrestrial nitrogen and neon isotope ratios suggest that indigenous organic matter and highly volatile materials were successfully collected. Except for a single O-17-enriched circumstellar stardust grain, silicate and oxide minerals have oxygen isotopic compositions consistent with solar system origin. One refractory grain is O-16-enriched, like refractory inclusions in meteorites, suggesting that Wild 2 contains material formed at high temperature in the inner solar system and transported to the Kuiper belt before comet accretion. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Ctr Spectrometrie Nucl & Spectrometrie Masse, F-91405 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Rech Petrog & Geochim, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Etud Mat Extraterr, F-75005 Paris, France. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, Particle Chem Dept, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Robert M Walker Lab Space Sci, Astromat Res Explorat Sci Directorate, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, Impacts & Astromat Res Ctr, London SW7 5BD, England. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Jacobs Sverdrup, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Minnesota State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McKeegan, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM mckeegan@ess.ucla.edu RI Jacobsen, Stein/B-1759-2013; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; UCLA, SIMS/A-1459-2011; Liu, Ming-Chang/D-1885-2010; Chaussidon, Marc/E-7067-2017; McKeegan, Kevin/A-4107-2008; Gilmour, Jamie/G-7515-2011; Fallon, Stewart/G-6645-2011; Heck, Philipp/C-6092-2012 OI Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Gilmour, Jamie/0000-0003-1990-8636; Busemann, Henner/0000-0002-0867-6908; McKeegan, Kevin/0000-0002-1827-729X; Fallon, Stewart/0000-0002-8064-5903; NR 33 TC 249 Z9 250 U1 4 U2 48 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5806 BP 1724 EP 1728 DI 10.1126/science.1135992 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 116WD UT WOS:000242833600044 PM 17170292 ER PT J AU Flynn, GJ Bleuet, P Borg, J Bradley, JP Brenker, FE Brennan, S Bridges, J Brownlee, DE Bullock, ES Burghammer, M Clark, BC Dai, ZR Daghlian, CP Djouadi, Z Fakra, S Ferroir, T Floss, C Franchi, IA Gainsforth, Z Gallien, JP Gillet, P Grant, PG Graham, GA Green, SF Grossemy, F Heck, PR Herzog, GF Hoppe, P Horz, F Huth, J Ignatyev, K Ishii, HA Janssens, K Joswiak, D Kearsley, AT Khodja, H Lanzirotti, A Leitner, J Lemelle, L Leroux, H Luening, K MacPherson, GJ Marhas, KK Marcus, MA Matrajt, G Nakamura, T Nakamura-Messenger, K Nakano, T Newville, M Papanastassiou, DA Pianetta, P Rao, W Riekel, C Rietmeijer, FJM Rost, D Schwandt, CS See, TH Sheffield-Parker, J Simionovici, A Sitnitsky, I Snead, CJ Stadermann, FJ Stephan, T Stroud, RM Susini, J Suzuki, Y Sutton, SR Taylor, S Teslich, N Troadec, D Tsou, P Tsuchiyama, A Uesugi, K Vekemans, B Vicenzi, EP Vincze, L Westphal, AJ Wozniakiewicz, P Zinner, E Zolensky, ME AF Flynn, George J. Bleuet, Pierre Borg, Janet Bradley, John P. Brenker, Frank E. Brennan, Sean Bridges, John Brownlee, Don E. Bullock, Emma S. Burghammer, Manfred Clark, Benton C. Dai, Zu Rong Daghlian, Charles P. Djouadi, Zahia Fakra, Sirine Ferroir, Tristan Floss, Christine Franchi, Ian A. Gainsforth, Zack Gallien, Jean-Paul Gillet, Philippe Grant, Patrick G. Graham, Giles A. Green, Simon F. Grossemy, Faustine Heck, Philipp R. Herzog, Gregory F. Hoppe, Peter Hoerz, Friedrich Huth, Joachim Ignatyev, Konstantin Ishii, Hope A. Janssens, Koen Joswiak, David Kearsley, Anton T. Khodja, Hicham Lanzirotti, Antonio Leitner, Jan Lemelle, Laurence Leroux, Hugues Luening, Katharina MacPherson, Glenn J. Marhas, Kuljeet K. Marcus, Matthew A. Matrajt, Graciela Nakamura, Tomoki Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko Nakano, Tsukasa Newville, Matthew Papanastassiou, Dimitri A. Pianetta, Piero Rao, William Riekel, Christian Rietmeijer, Frans J. M. Rost, Detlef Schwandt, Craig S. See, Thomas H. Sheffield-Parker, Julie Simionovici, Alexandre Sitnitsky, Ilona Snead, Christopher J. Stadermann, Frank J. Stephan, Thomas Stroud, Rhonda M. Susini, Jean Suzuki, Yoshio Sutton, Stephen R. Taylor, Susan Teslich, Nick Troadec, D. Tsou, Peter Tsuchiyama, Akira Uesugi, Kentaro Vekemans, Bart Vicenzi, Edward P. Vincze, Laszlo Westphal, Andrew J. Wozniakiewicz, Penelope Zinner, Ernst Zolensky, Michael E. TI Elemental compositions of comet 81P/Wild 2 samples collected by Stardust SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPACECRAFT; ABUNDANCES; SOLAR; DUST AB We measured the elemental compositions of material from 23 particles in aerogel and from residue in seven craters in aluminum foil that was collected during passage of the Stardust spacecraft through the coma of comet 81P/Wild 2. These particles are chemically heterogeneous at the largest size scale analyzed (similar to 180 ng). The mean elemental composition of this Wild 2 material is consistent with the CI meteorite composition, which is thought to represent the bulk composition of the solar system, for the elements Mg, Si, Mn, Fe, and Ni to 35%, and for Ca and Ti to 60%. The elements Cu, Zn, and Ga appear enriched in this Wild 2 material, which suggests that the CI meteorites may not represent the solar system composition for these moderately volatile minor elements. C1 SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, France. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Mineral, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Lockheed Martin, Denver, CO 80201 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ecole Normale Super Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNRS, CEA, Lab Pierre Sue, Saclay, France. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Engn & Sci Contract Grp Jacobs Sverdrup, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ Antwerp, Dept Chem, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Univ Lille, Lille, France. Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. Geol Survey Japan, Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. XRT Ltd, Port Melbourne, Vic, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst SPring8, Hyogo, Japan. Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Osaka Univ, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan. RP Flynn, GJ (reprint author), SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, 101 Broad St, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. EM george.flynn@plattsburgh.edu RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Green, Simon/C-7408-2009; Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010; Heck, Philipp/C-6092-2012; Leitner, Jan/A-7391-2015; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; Khodja, Hicham/A-1869-2016; Janssens, Koen/B-8049-2011 OI Ignatyev, Konstantin/0000-0002-8937-5655; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Leitner, Jan/0000-0003-3655-6273; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; Janssens, Koen/0000-0002-6752-6408 NR 17 TC 154 Z9 154 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5806 BP 1731 EP 1735 DI 10.1126/science.1136141 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 116WD UT WOS:000242833600046 PM 17170294 ER PT J AU Zolensky, ME Zega, TJ Yano, H Wirick, S Westphal, AJ Weisberg, MK Weber, I Warren, JL Velbel, MA Tsuchiyama, A Tsou, P Toppani, A Tomioka, N Tomeoka, K Teslich, N Taheri, M Susini, J Stroud, R Stephan, T Stadermann, FJ Snead, CJ Simon, SB Simionovici, A See, TH Robert, F Rietmeijer, FJM Rao, W Perronnet, MC Papanastassiou, DA Okudaira, K Ohsumi, K Ohnishi, I Nakamura-Messenger, K Nakamura, T Mostefaoui, S Mikouchi, T Meibom, A Matrajt, G Marcus, MA Leroux, H Lemelle, L Le, L Lanzirotti, A Langenhorst, F Krot, AN Keller, LP Kearsley, AT Joswiak, D Jacob, D Ishii, H Harvey, R Hagiya, K Grossman, L Grossman, JN Graham, GA Gounelle, M Gillet, P Genge, MJ Flynn, G Ferroir, T Fallon, S Ebel, DS Dai, ZR Cordier, P Clark, B Chi, MF Butterworth, AL Brownlee, DE Bridges, JC Brennan, S Brearley, A Bradley, JP Bleuet, P Bland, PA Bastien, R AF Zolensky, Michael E. Zega, Thomas J. Yano, Hajime Wirick, Sue Westphal, Andrew J. Weisberg, Mike K. Weber, Iris Warren, Jack L. Velbel, Michael A. Tsuchiyama, Akira Tsou, Peter Toppani, Alice Tomioka, Naotaka Tomeoka, Kazushige Teslich, Nick Taheri, Mitra Susini, Jean Stroud, Rhonda Stephan, Thomas Stadermann, Frank J. Snead, Christopher J. Simon, Steven B. Simionovici, Alexandre See, Thomas H. Robert, Francois Rietmeijer, Frans J. M. Rao, William Perronnet, Murielle C. Papanastassiou, Dimitri A. Okudaira, Kyoko Ohsumi, Kazumasa Ohnishi, Ichiro Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko Nakamura, Tomoki Mostefaoui, Smail Mikouchi, Takashi Meibom, Anders Matrajt, Graciela Marcus, Matthew A. Leroux, Hugues Lemelle, Laurence Le, Loan Lanzirotti, Antonio Langenhorst, Falko Krot, Alexander N. Keller, Lindsay P. Kearsley, Anton T. Joswiak, David Jacob, Damien Ishii, Hope Harvey, Ralph Hagiya, Kenji Grossman, Lawrence Grossman, Jeffrey N. Graham, Giles A. Gounelle, Matthieu Gillet, Philippe Genge, Matthew J. Flynn, George Ferroir, Tristan Fallon, Stewart Ebel, Denton S. Dai, Zu Rong Cordier, Patrick Clark, Benton Chi, Miaofang Butterworth, Anna L. Brownlee, Donald E. Bridges, John C. Brennan, Sean Brearley, Adrian Bradley, John P. Bleuet, Pierre Bland, Phil A. Bastien, Ron TI Report - Mineralogy and petrology of comet 81P/Wild 2 nucleus samples SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE; SOLAR-SYSTEM; COMPONENTS; PYROXENE; OLIVINE; MATRIX; GRAINS; ORIGIN; HALLEY AB The bulk of the comet 81P/Wild 2 ( hereafter Wild 2) samples returned to Earth by the Stardust spacecraft appear to be weakly constructed mixtures of nanometer-scale grains, with occasional much larger ( over 1 micrometer) ferromagnesian silicates, Fe-Ni sulfides, Fe-Ni metal, and accessory phases. The very wide range of olivine and low-Ca pyroxene compositions in comet Wild 2 requires a wide range of formation conditions, probably reflecting very different formation locations in the protoplanetary disk. The restricted compositional ranges of Fe-Ni sulfides, the wide range for silicates, and the absence of hydrous phases indicate that comet Wild 2 experienced little or no aqueous alteration. Less abundant Wild 2 materials include a refractory particle, whose presence appears to require radial transport in the early protoplanetary disk. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. JAXA ISAS, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CUNY, Kingsborough Community Coll, Dept Phys Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, D-48149 Munster, Germany. JAcobs Scerdrup, Engn Sci Contract Grp, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ctr Spectrometrie Nucl & Spectrometrie Masse, F-91405 Orsay, France. Kobe Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Lab Sci Terre, F-69007 Lyon, France. ARES JSC, Engn Sci Contract Barrios Technol, Houston, TX 77258 USA. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Etude Mat Extraterr, LEME, F-75005 Paris, France. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Sci & Tech Lille, Lab Struct & Proprietes Etat Solide, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Source, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, D-07749 Jena, Germany. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Impact & Astromat Res Ctr, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Geol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Hyogo, Grad Sch Life Sci, Kamigori, Hyogo 6781297, Japan. Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, D-07749 Jena, Germany. Nat Hist Museum, Impact & Astromat Res Ctr, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Geol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Hyogo, Grad Sch Life Sci, Kamigori, Hyogo 6781297, Japan. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Impact & Astromat Res Ctr, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New York, NY 10024 USA. Lockheed Martin Astronaut, Denver, CO 80201 USA. Open Univ, Planetary & Space Sci Res Inst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Zolensky, ME (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM michael.e.zolensky@nasa.gov RI Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010; Fallon, Stewart/G-6645-2011; Cordier, Patrick/D-2357-2012; Taheri, Mitra/F-1321-2011; Tomioka, Naotaka/B-1888-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Fallon, Stewart/0000-0002-8064-5903; Cordier, Patrick/0000-0002-1883-2994; Tomioka, Naotaka/0000-0001-5725-9513; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 35 TC 435 Z9 437 U1 9 U2 58 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5806 BP 1735 EP 1739 DI 10.1126/science.1135842 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 116WD UT WOS:000242833600047 PM 17170295 ER PT J AU Keen, TR Furukawa, Y Bentley, SJ Slingerland, RL Teague, WJ Dykes, JD Rowley, CD AF Keen, T. R. Furukawa, Y. Bentley, S. J. Slingerland, R. L. Teague, W. J. Dykes, J. D. Rowley, C. D. TI Geological and oceanographic perspectives on event bed formation during Hurricane Katrina SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HUMMOCKY CROSS-STRATIFICATION; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; HALLOWEEN STORM; WAVE; PRESERVATION; TRANSPORT; MODEL AB Storm deposits in ancient shelf sediments typically form thick sequences of interbedded sand and mud deposited during shoreline regression, whereas modern shelf sediments are generally thin veneers deposited during shoreline transgression. In this paper we present a preliminary comparison between ancient and modern storm beds deposited in these disparate contexts. Hurricane Katrina deposited a storm bed on the Louisiana shelf with a maximum observed thickness of 0.58 m, which thinned to approximately 0.1 m at 200 km west of landfall. This thickness is similar to event beds observed in both ancient and modern sediments. Using data for tropical cyclone landfalls in the Gulf of Mexico, we estimate the return time for a storm of this size to be 40-50 years in this region. This estimated frequency for deposition of storm beds is useful in evaluating ancient storm sequences that were deposited during similar climatic conditions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Earth Sci, St John, NF A1B 3X5, Canada. RP Keen, TR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM keen@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013; OI Rowley, Clark/0000-0003-3496-6404 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 23 AR L23614 DI 10.1029/2006GL027981 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 118KX UT WOS:000242942300007 ER PT J AU Kaminski, K Kaminska, E Paluch, M Ziolo, J Ngai, KL AF Kaminski, K. Kaminska, E. Paluch, M. Ziolo, J. Ngai, K. L. TI The true Johari-Goldstein beta-relaxation of monosaccharides SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY RELAXATION; GLASS TRANSITION; GLUCOSE; LIQUID; MIXTURES; FRUCTOSE; DYNAMICS; STATES; WATER AB Broadband isothermal dielectric relaxation measurements of anhydrous fructose, glucose, galactose, sorbose, and ribose were made at ambient pressure in their liquidus and glassy states. We found a new secondary relaxation in fructose and glucose that is slower than those seen before by others. This new secondary relaxation also appears in the dielectric spectra of galactose, sorbose, and ribose, and hence it is a general feature of the relaxation dynamics of the monosaccharides. Dielectric measurements at elevated pressure of fructose and ribose show that the new secondary relaxation shifts to lower frequencies with applied pressures, mimicking the behavior of the alpha-relaxation. In contrast, the faster secondary relaxation remains stationary on applying pressure. These results together with other inferences indicate that the slower secondary relaxation bears relations to the alpha-relaxation, and hence, it is the true Johari-Goldstein secondary relaxation of the monosaccharides. C1 Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Paluch, M (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Ul Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. EM mpaluch@us.edu.pl NR 14 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 14 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 49 BP 25045 EP 25049 DI 10.1021/jp064710o PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 113VI UT WOS:000242625700034 PM 17149928 ER PT J AU Shabaev, A Efros, AL Nozik, AJ AF Shabaev, A. Efros, Al. L. Nozik, A. J. TI Multiexciton generation by a single photon in nanocrystals SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE EXCITON GENERATION; SOLAR-CELLS; QUANTUM DOTS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; IMPACT IONIZATION; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; EFFICIENCY; PBSE; LIMITS AB We have theoretically shown that efficient generation of multi-electron-hole pairs by a single photon observed recently in semiconductor nanocrystals(1-4) is caused by breaking the single electron approximation for carriers with kinetic energy above the effective energy gap. Due to strong Coulomb interaction, these states form a coherent superposition with charged excitons of the same energy. This concept allows us to define the conditions for dominant two-exciton generations by a single photon: the thermalization rate of a single exciton, initiated by light, should be lower than both the two-exciton state thermalization rate and the rate of Coulomb coupling between single and two exciton states. Possible experimental manifestations of our model are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Basic Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Shabaev, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ashabaev@gmu.edu; efros@dave.nrl.navy.mil; arthur_nozik@nrel.gov RI Nozik, Arthur/A-1481-2012; Nozik, Arthur/P-2641-2016 NR 25 TC 213 Z9 214 U1 7 U2 66 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC 13 PY 2006 VL 6 IS 12 BP 2856 EP 2863 DI 10.1021/nl062059v PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 116EY UT WOS:000242786500040 PM 17163719 ER PT J AU Pathak, JA Hudson, SD AF Pathak, Jai A. Hudson, Steven D. TI Rheo-optics of equilibrium polymer solutions: Wormlike micelles in elongational flow in a microfluidic cross-slot SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Review ID CONCENTRATED AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; SHEAR-BANDING STRUCTURE; CETYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE; EXTENSIONAL FLOW; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; ENTANGLED POLYMERS; SODIUM-SALICYLATE; SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS; POTASSIUM-BROMIDE; BIREFRINGENCE MEASUREMENTS AB The rheo-optical analysis of polymer solutions and melts is a critical tool in elucidating their molecular response to flow fields. We therefore evaluate the measurement of flow-induced birefringence (orientation) under extension in microfluidic cross-slots, whose flow kinematics was examined by microparticle image velocimetry. The effects of planar extension on the (non) linear viscoelasticity of wormlike micellar surfactant solutions (comprising either cetyltrimethylammonium bromide or cetylpyridinium chloride in aqueous sodium salicylate) were measured. The effect of wall shear was found to be negligible compared to extension. The birefringence is linear (indicating the validity of the stress-optical rule) for very small extensional Weissenberg numbers, as expected. This rule fails, however, when a sharp birefringence band appears at modest Weissenberg number (indicating the alignment of wormlike micelles along the outflow direction). Experiments that measure average birefringence may misidentify the point of failure of the stress-optical rule. These bands also scatter light and appear in transmittance images, yet with distinctive features. At higher flow rates, the birefringent band broadens after the peak retardation saturates, but the transmittance band remains narrow and eventually the flow becomes asymmetric. This asymmetric transition is elasticity-induced, and no shear banding is observed by particle velocimetry: the velocity profiles remain linear, while the flow becomes asymmetric. These phenomena are common to both fluids studied, but the stress-optical coefficient and the Weissenberg numbers at saturated birefringence differ quantitatively, possibly due to differences in micellar length and scission kinetics, as determined from linear viscoelastic measurements. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pathak, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Polymer Phys Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jai.Pathak@nrl.navy.mil; Steven.Hudson@nist.gov NR 110 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 7 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 12 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 25 BP 8782 EP 8792 DI 10.1021/ma061355r PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 112HF UT WOS:000242515800031 ER PT J AU Florea, C Bashkansky, M Dutton, Z Sanghera, J Pureza, P Aggarwal, I AF Florea, Catalin Bashkansky, Mark Dutton, Zachary Sanghera, Jasbinder Pureza, Paul Aggarwal, Ishwar TI Stimulated Brillouin scattering in single-mode As2S3 and As2Se3 chalcogenide fibers SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-FIBERS; SLOW; AMPLIFIER AB Stimulated Brillouin scattering was investigated for the first time in As2S3 single-mode fibers, and also in As2Se3. The propagation loss and numerical aperture of the fibers at 1.56 mu m, along with the threshold intensity for the stimulated Brillouin scattering process were measured. From the threshold values we estimate the Brillouin gain coefficient and demonstrate record figure of merit for slow-light based applications in chalcogenide fibers. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Florea, C (reprint author), SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM cflorea@sfa.com NR 13 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 11 PY 2006 VL 14 IS 25 BP 12063 EP 12070 DI 10.1364/OE.14.012063 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 118TJ UT WOS:000242964300019 PM 19529633 ER PT J AU Gray, DJ Kattawar, GW Fry, ES AF Gray, Deric J. Kattawar, George W. Fry, Edward S. TI Design and analysis of a flow-through integrating cavity absorption meter SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB We present a design for a flow-through integrating cavity absorption meter. This instrument, in principle, is capable of measuring the spectral optical absorption coefficient of natural waters in situ independently of scattering effects. Monte Carlo simulations are used to determine the design parameters and evaluate instrument performance. We investigate both detector response and the distribution of radiant energy inside the instrument and present empirical equations describing these quantities as a function of the absorption coefficient. The effects of changing the instrument geometry are illustrated. Finally, we discuss the effects of scattering on the instrument performance and verify that they are negligible for natural waters. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Gray, DJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM dgray@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Fry, Edward/B-6012-2016 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 10 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 35 BP 8990 EP 8998 DI 10.1364/AO.45.008990 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 114BW UT WOS:000242642700021 PM 17119599 ER PT J AU Shankland, PD Rivera, EJ Laughlin, G Blank, DL Price, A Gary, B Bissinger, R Ringwald, F White, G Henry, GW Mcgee, P Wolf, AS Carter, B Lee, S Biggs, J Monard, B Ashley, MCB AF Shankland, P. D. Rivera, E. J. Laughlin, G. Blank, D. L. Price, A. Gary, B. Bissinger, R. Ringwald, F. White, G. Henry, G. W. McGee, P. Wolf, A. S. Carter, B. Lee, S. Biggs, J. Monard, B. Ashley, M. C. B. TI On the search for transits of the planets orbiting Gliese 876 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; planets and satellites : general; stars : individual (Gliese 876) ID EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; GIANT PLANETS; MASS PLANETS; HOT JUPITERS; M-DWARF; SYSTEM; PRECISION; GJ-876; STAR AB We report the results of a globally coordinated photometric campaign to search for transits by the P similar to 30 day and P similar to 60 day outer planets of the three-planet system orbiting the nearby M dwarf G1 876. These two planets experience strong mutual perturbations, which necessitate the use of a dynamical (four-body) model to compute transit ephemerides for the system. Our photometric data have been collected from published archival sources, as well as from our photometric campaigns that were targeted to specific transit predictions. Our analysis indicates that transits by planet c (P similar to 30 days) do not currently occur, in concordance with the best-fit i = 50 degrees coplanar configuration obtained by dynamical fits to the most recent radial velocity data for the system. Transits by planet b (P similar to 60 day) are not entirely ruled out by our observations, but our data indicate that it is very unlikely that they occur. Our experience with the G1 876 system suggests that a distributed ground-based network of small telescopes can be used to search for transits of very low mass M stars by terrestrial-sized planets. C1 James Cook Univ N Queensland, Ctr Astron, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Amer Assoc Variable Star Observers, Clinton B Ford Astron Data & Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Phys, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Tennessee State Univ, Ctr Excellence Informat Syst, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ So Queensland, Ctr Astron Solar Radiat & Climate Phys, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. Anglo Australian Observ, Eastwood, NSW 2122, Australia. Perth Observ, Bickley, WA 6076, Australia. Bronberg Observ, ZA-0157 Pretoria, South Africa. Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Shankland, PD (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM paul.shankland@usno.navy.mil NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2006 VL 653 IS 1 BP 700 EP 707 DI 10.1086/508562 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 118AG UT WOS:000242913800059 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Sheeley, NR AF Wang, Y. -M. Sheeley, N. R., Jr. TI Sources of the solar wind at Ulysses during 1990-2006 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; solar wind; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields ID HELIOSPHERIC MAGNETIC-FIELD; FLUX-TUBE DIVERGENCE; SOURCE SURFACE MODEL; CORONAL HOLES; SUNSPOT MAXIMUM; SPEED; INTERPLANETARY; EVOLUTION; CYCLE; INSTRUMENTATION AB The Ulysses spacecraft is now well into its third polar orbit around the Sun. Using stackplot displays, we summarize the wind speeds and interplanetary sector polarities recorded by Ulysses since its launch in 1990 and relate the observed patterns to the global evolution of open magnetic regions (coronal holes) over the solar cycle. We verify that the wind speeds are inversely correlated with the rate of flux-tube divergence in the corona, as derived from a current-free extrapolation of the measured photospheric field. We identify the source of each of the long-lived, high-speed streams encountered by Ulysses and discuss their formation, evolution, and rotational properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7672, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ywang@yucca.nrl.navy.mil; sheeley@spruce.nrl.navy.mil NR 48 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2006 VL 653 IS 1 BP 708 EP 718 DI 10.1086/508929 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 118AG UT WOS:000242913800060 ER PT J AU Dorman, CE Carniel, S Cavaleri, L Sclavo, M Chiggiato, J Doyle, J Haack, T Pullen, J Grbec, B Vilibic, I Janekovic, I Lee, C Malacic, V Orlic, M Paschini, E Russo, A Signell, RP AF Dorman, C. E. Carniel, S. Cavaleri, L. Sclavo, M. Chiggiato, J. Doyle, J. Haack, T. Pullen, J. Grbec, B. Vilibic, I. Janekovic, I. Lee, C. Malacic, V. Orlic, M. Paschini, E. Russo, A. Signell, R. P. TI February 2003 marine atmospheric conditions and the bora over the northern Adriatic SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID COLD-AIR OUTBREAK; SEA; WINDS; CURRENTS; WINTER; SHELF AB [ 1] A winter oceanographic field experiment provided an opportunity to examine the atmospheric marine conditions over the northern Adriatic. Mean February winds are from a northeasterly direction over most of the Adriatic and a more northerly direction along the western coast. Wind speeds are fastest in jets over the NE coast during bora events and weakest in the mid-northwestern Adriatic. Diurnal air temperature cycles are smallest on the NE coast and largest in the midwestern Adriatic. The maximum sea-air difference is +10 degrees C on the eastern coast and near zero on the midwestern Adriatic. Boras are northeasterly ( from) wind events that sweep off Croatia and Slovenia, bringing slightly colder and drier air over the northern Adriatic. The main bora season is December to March. Winter 2002 - 2003 was normal for bora events. Synoptic-scale temporal variations are correlated over the northern Adriatic. Fastest Bora winds and highest wind stress over the northern Adriatic is concentrated in four topographically controlled jets. The strongest is the Senj Jet, while the Trieste Jet extends across the entire northern Adriatic. Between each two jets is a weak wind zone. The greatest mean net heat loss is in bora jets in the NE Adriatic, where it was - 438 W m(-2) and is weakest in the midwestern northern Adriatic, where it was near zero. Wind stress is concentrated over the NE half of Adriatic in four bora jets, while wind stress is weak in the NW Adriatic. There is significant variation in wind stress mean and standard deviation structure over the northern Adriatic with each bora event. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. CNR, Inst Marine Sci, Venice Sect, I-30125 Venice, Italy. ARPA Emilia Romagna, Serv IdroMeteorol, I-40122 Bologna, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Inst Oceanog & Fisheries, Phys Oceanog Lab, Split 21000, Croatia. Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Ctr Marine Res, Grp Satellite Oceanog, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Natl Inst Biol, Marine Biol Stn, Piran 6330, Slovenia. Univ Zagreb, Fac Sci, Andrija Mohorovic Geophys Inst, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. Univ Politecn Marche, Dipartimento Sci Mare, I-60121 Ancona, Italy. MATO Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. RP Dorman, CE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM clive@coast.ucsd.edu RI Russo, Aniello/A-2319-2010; Carniel, Sandro/J-9278-2012; Orlic, Mirko/J-3861-2012; Janekovic, Ivica/N-7639-2013; CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; OI Russo, Aniello/0000-0003-3651-8146; Carniel, Sandro/0000-0001-8317-1603; Orlic, Mirko/0000-0002-1978-7208; Signell, Richard/0000-0003-0682-9613; CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Cavaleri, Luigi/0000-0003-0360-2077; Chiggiato, Jacopo/0000-0002-0998-6473 NR 43 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 9 PY 2006 VL 112 IS C3 AR C03S03 DI 10.1029/2005JC003134 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 115SQ UT WOS:000242754500002 ER PT J AU Rex, M Salawitch, RJ Deckelmann, H von der Gathen, P Harris, NRP Chipperfield, MP Naujokat, B Reimer, E Allaart, M Andersen, SB Bevilacqua, R Braathen, GO Claude, H Davies, J De Backer, H Dier, H Dorokhov, V Fast, H Gerding, M Godin-Beekmann, S Hoppel, K Johnson, B Kyro, E Litynska, Z Moore, D Nakane, H Parrondo, MC Risley, AD Skrivankova, P Stubi, R Viatte, P Yushkov, V Zerefos, C AF Rex, M. Salawitch, R. J. Deckelmann, H. von der Gathen, P. Harris, N. R. P. Chipperfield, M. P. Naujokat, B. Reimer, E. Allaart, M. Andersen, S. B. Bevilacqua, R. Braathen, G. O. Claude, H. Davies, J. De Backer, H. Dier, H. Dorokhov, V. Fast, H. Gerding, M. Godin-Beekmann, S. Hoppel, K. Johnson, B. Kyroe, E. Litynska, Z. Moore, D. Nakane, H. Parrondo, M. C. Risley, A. D., Jr. Skrivankova, P. Stuebi, R. Viatte, P. Yushkov, V. Zerefos, C. TI Arctic winter 2005: Implications for stratospheric ozone loss and climate change SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEPLETION AB [1] The Arctic polar vortex exhibited widespread regions of low temperatures during the winter of 2005, resulting in significant ozone depletion by chlorine and bromine species. We show that chemical loss of column ozone (Delta O(3)) and the volume of Arctic vortex air cold enough to support the existence of polar stratospheric clouds (V(PSC)) both exceed levels found for any other Arctic winter during the past 40 years. Cold conditions and ozone loss in the lowermost Arctic stratosphere (e.g., between potential temperatures of 360 to 400 K) were particularly unusual compared to previous years. Measurements indicate Delta O(3) = 121 +/- 20 DU and that Delta O(3) versus V(PSC) lies along an extension of the compact, near linear relation observed for previous Arctic winters. The maximum value of V(PSC) during five to ten year intervals exhibits a steady, monotonic increase over the past four decades, indicating that the coldest Arctic winters have become significantly colder, and hence are more conducive to ozone depletion by anthropogenic halogens. C1 Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Res Unit Potsdam, D-14401 Potsdam, Germany. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Cambridge, European Ozone Res Coordinating Unit, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Meteorol, D-12165 Berlin, Germany. Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. Danish Meteorol Inst, DK-20100 Copenhagen, Denmark. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. German Weather Serv, Meteorol Observ Hohenpeissenberg, D-82383 Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. Meteorol Serv Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Royal Meteorol Inst Belgium, B-01180 Brussels, Belgium. Meteorol Observ Lindenberg, Lindenberg, Germany. Cent Aerol Observ, Moscow, Russia. Leibniz Inst Atmospharenphys, D-18225 Kuhlungsborn, Germany. CNRS, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Serv Aeron, F-75252 Paris 05, France. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Sodankyla Meteorol Observ, Sodankyla, Finland. Ctr Aerol, Inst Meteorol & Water Management, PL-05119 Legionowo, Poland. Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Asian Environm Res Grp, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. Inst Nacl Tecn Aerospacial, E-28850 Madrid, Spain. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. Czech Hydrometeorol Inst, Prague 14306 4, Czech Republic. Swiss Meteorol Aerol Stn, CH-1530 Payerne, Switzerland. MeteoSwiss, Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol, CH-1530 Payerne, Switzerland. Univ Athens, Lab Climatol & Atmospher Environm, GR-15784 Athens, Greece. RP Rex, M (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Res Unit Potsdam, POB 600149, D-14401 Potsdam, Germany. EM mrex@awi-potsdam.de RI Rex, Markus/A-6054-2009; Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; von der Gathen, Peter/B-8515-2009; andersen, signe/C-4809-2013; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; OI Rex, Markus/0000-0001-7847-8221; Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; von der Gathen, Peter/0000-0001-7409-1556; andersen, signe/0000-0002-8216-0141; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Nakane, Hideaki/0000-0002-9032-6105; Harris, Neil/0000-0003-1256-3006 NR 13 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 8 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 23 AR L23808 DI 10.1029/2006GL026731 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 115RW UT WOS:000242752500001 ER PT J AU Henderson, SM Guza, RT Elgar, S Herbers, THC Bowen, AJ AF Henderson, Stephen M. Guza, R. T. Elgar, Steve Herbers, T. H. C. Bowen, A. J. TI Nonlinear generation and loss of infragravity wave energy SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE GRAVITY-WAVES; BREAKING WAVES; EDGE WAVES; ZONE; BEAT; MOTIONS; DELILAH; WATER AB [1] Nonlinear energy transfers with sea and swell (frequencies 0.05-0.40 Hz) were responsible for much of the generation and loss of infragravity wave energy (frequencies 0.005-0.050 Hz) observed under moderate- and low-energy conditions on a natural beach. Cases with energetic shear waves were excluded, and mean currents, a likely shear wave energy source, were neglected. Within 150 m of the shore, estimated nonlinear energy transfers to ( or from) the infragravity band roughly balanced the divergence (or convergence) of the infragravity energy flux, consistent with a conservative energy equation. Addition of significant dissipation (requiring a bottom drag coefficient exceeding about 10(-2)) degraded the energy balance. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Henderson, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM shenders@coast.ucsd.edu NR 32 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 8 PY 2006 VL 111 IS C12 AR C12007 DI 10.1029/2006JC003539 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 115SX UT WOS:000242755200001 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM Straughan, B AF Jordan, P. M. Straughan, B. TI Acoustic acceleration waves in homentropic Green and Naghdi gases SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE acceleration waves; Green and Naghdi gases; nonlinear acoustics; temperature rate waves ID SONIC DISCONTINUITIES; GROWTH; DECAY; FLUID; MEDIA AB Acceleration and temperature rate waves in lossless Green and Naghdi gases are investigated. The exact equations of motion are also derived and then simplified under the finite-amplitude approximation. Bounds are established for the theory-specific coupling parameter, as well as several other quantities, and results are compared/contrasted with those for classical perfect gases. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Durham, Dept Math Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-5021 J9 P R SOC A JI Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD DEC 8 PY 2006 VL 462 IS 2076 BP 3601 EP 3611 DI 10.1098/rspa.2006.1739 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 114RY UT WOS:000242684500006 ER PT J AU Dunlap, BI Karna, SP Zope, RR AF Dunlap, Brett I. Karna, Shashi P. Zope, Rajendra R. TI Dipole moments from atomic-number-dependent potentials in analytic density-functional theory SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL X-ALPHA; FOCK-SLATER METHOD; HARTREE-FOCK; BASIS-SETS; GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; QUANTUM-CHEMISTRY; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; NOBEL LECTURE; ROW ATOMS AB Molecular dipole moments of analytic density-functional theory are investigated. The effect of element-dependent exchange potentials on these moments are examined by comparison with conventional quantum-chemical methods and experiment for the subset of the extended G2 set of molecules that have nonzero dipole moment. Fitting the Kohn-Sham [Phys. Rev. 140, A1133 (1965)] potential itself makes a mean absolute error of less than 0.1 D. Variation of alpha (Slater's [Phys. Rev. 81, 385 (1951)] exchange parameter) values has far less effect on dipole moments than on energies. It is argued that in variable alpha methods one should choose the smaller of the two rather than the geometric mean of the two alpha values for the heteroatomic part of the linear-combination-atomic-orbital density. Calculations on the dipole moment of NH2(CH)(24)NO2 are consistent with earlier calculations and show that varying the differences between alpha values for atoms with different atomic numbers has only short-ranged electrostatic effects. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, El Paso, TX 79959 USA. RP Dunlap, BI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 7 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 21 AR 214104 DI 10.1063/1.2403854 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 114DF UT WOS:000242646200005 PM 17166012 ER PT J AU Bracker, AS Scheibner, M Doty, MF Stinaff, EA Ponomarev, IV Kim, JC Whitman, LJ Reinecke, TL Gammon, D AF Bracker, A. S. Scheibner, M. Doty, M. F. Stinaff, E. A. Ponomarev, I. V. Kim, J. C. Whitman, L. J. Reinecke, T. L. Gammon, D. TI Engineering electron and hole tunneling with asymmetric InAs quantum dot molecules SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Most self-assembled quantum dot molecules are intrinsically asymmetric with inequivalent dots resulting from imperfect control of crystal growth. The authors have grown vertically aligned pairs of InAs/GaAs quantum dots by molecular beam epitaxy, introducing intentional asymmetry that limits the influence of intrinsic growth fluctuations and allows selective tunneling of electrons or holes. They present a systemic investigation of tunneling energies over a wide range of interdot barrier thickness. The concepts discussed here provide an important tool for the systematic design and characterization of more complicated quantum dot nanostructures. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bracker, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM allan.bracker@nrl.navy.mil RI Doty, Matthew/B-5075-2010; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011; Ponomarev, Ilya/F-5183-2010 OI Doty, Matthew/0000-0001-7999-3567; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174; Ponomarev, Ilya/0000-0002-8584-6034 NR 14 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 23 AR 233110 DI 10.1063/1.2400397 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 115BJ UT WOS:000242709200101 ER PT J AU Generosi, J Margaritondo, G Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Tolk, NH Piston, DW Castellano, AC Cricenti, A AF Generosi, J. Margaritondo, G. Sanghera, J. S. Aggarwal, I. D. Tolk, N. H. Piston, D. W. Castellano, A. Congiu Cricenti, A. TI Spectroscopic infrared near-field microscopy and x-ray reflectivity studies of order and clustering in lipid membranes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CATIONIC LIPOSOME COMPLEXES; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; FREE-ELECTRON-LASER; GENE DELIVERY; DNA COMPLEXES; PLASMID DNA; ISOTHERMAL TITRATION; SUPPORTED MEMBRANES; TRANSFECTION; VESICLES AB Lipid membranes were studied by infrared scanning near-field optical microscopy at several wavelengths and by x-ray reflectivity. Together with the x-ray data, the optical images indicate the formation of locally ordered multiple bilayers, and the topographical micrographs reveal the presence of islands at the surface, both critically important features for biotechnology and medical applications such as biosensors and gene therapy. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Appl, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. CNR, Ist Struttura Mat, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Generosi, J (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Appl, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM johanna.generosi@epfl.ch RI Margaritondo, Giorgio/B-1367-2008; Generosi, Johanna/A-5600-2010 OI Generosi, Johanna/0000-0002-4683-5615 NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 23 AR 233906 DI 10.1063/1.2403184 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 115BJ UT WOS:000242709200145 ER PT J AU Garland, CF Mohr, SB Gorham, ED Grant, WB Garland, FC AF Garland, Cedric F. Mohr, Sharif B. Gorham, Edward D. Grant, William B. Garland, Frank C. TI Role of ultraviolet B irradiance and vitamin D in prevention of ovarian cancer SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER; COLON-CANCER; MORTALITY-RATES; SOLAR-RADIATION; DOWN-REGULATION; SUNLIGHT; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DEFICIENCY; PROSTATE AB Background: There is a north-south gradient in age-adjusted mortality rates of ovarian cancer in the United States, with the highest rates in the Northeast and the lowest in the South through Southwest. This suggests that lower levels of solar irradiance might be associated with higher risk of ovarian cancer. Laboratory findings also suggest that low levels of vitamin D metabolites could play a role in the etiology of ovarian cancer. Methods: The association of solar ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance, stratospheric column ozone, and fertility rates at ages 15 to 19 years with incidence rates of ovarian cancer in 175 countries in 2002 were examined using multiple linear regression in 2006. Results: Age-adjusted ovarian cancer incidence rates generally were highest in countries located at higher latitudes (R-2 = 0.45, p <= 0.01). According to multivariate analysis, UVB irradiance (p <= 0.002) and fertility rates at ages 15 to 19 (p=0.01) were inversely associated with incidence rates, while stratospheric ozone (p <= 0.0008), which reduces transmission of UVB, was positively associated with incidence (R-2=0.49, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Solar UVB irradiance was inversely associated with incidence rates of ovarian cancer in this study, adding new evidence to the theory that vitamin D might play a role in the prevention of ovarian cancer. Cohort studies are needed to confirm this possible association. (Am J Prev Med 2006;31 (6):512-514) (c) 2006 American journal of Preventive Medicine C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Sunlight Nutr & Hlth Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Garland, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM garlandc@nhrc.navy.mil RI Grant, William/B-8311-2009 OI Grant, William/0000-0002-1439-3285 NR 28 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 6 BP 512 EP 514 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.08.018 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 119UK UT WOS:000243039200008 PM 17169713 ER PT J AU Ismail, TF Wasfy, MO Abdul-Rahman, B Murray, CK Hospenthal, DR Abdel-Fadeel, M Abdel-Maksoud, M Samir, A Hatem, ME Klena, J Pimentel, G El-Sayed, N Hajjeh, R AF Ismail, Tharwat F. Wasfy, Momtaz O. Abdul-Rahman, Bassem Murray, Clinton K. Hospenthal, Duane R. Abdel-Fadeel, Moustafa Abdel-Maksoud, Mohamed Samir, Ahmed Hatem, Mahmoud E. Klena, John Pimentel, Guillermo El-Sayed, Nasr Hajjeh, Rana TI Retrospective serosurvey of leptospirosis among patients with acute febrile illness and hepatitis in Egypt SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODIES; DIAGNOSIS; CATTLE AB The epidemiologic status of leptospirosis in Egypt has not been well defined because of difficulties in disease diagnosis. A retrospective study was conducted to detect leptospiral antibodies among undiagnosed acute febrile illness (AFI) and hepatitis cases. Approximately 16% of both AFI (141/886) and acute hepatitis (63/392) cases showed seroreactivity to Leptospira IgM by ELISA and microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Canicola, Djasiman, Grippotyphosa, Pyrogenes, Icterohemorrhagiae, and Pomona were the most commonly reactive serovars among patients with AFI. Djasiman. Grippotyphosa and Icterohemorrhagiae were the most reactive among patients with acute hepatitis. This study represents the first systematic report of Leptospira associated with patients with AFI and hepatitis in Egypt. Physicians need to have increased awareness about the importance of leptospirosis in the differential diagnosis of AFI and acute hepatitis in Egypt. In addition, laboratory capacity should be developed at fever hospitals to diagnose leptospirosis. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Cairo Univ, Fac Med Vet, Cairo, Egypt. Minist Hlth & Populat, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ismail, TF (reprint author), PSC 452,Box 5000,Attn Code 304A, FPO, AE 09835 USA. EM ismailt@namru3.med.navy.mil; wasfym@namru3.med.navv.mil; bassemr@namru3.med.navv.mil; Clinton.Murray@AMEDD.ARMY.MIL; Diane.Hospenthal@CEN.AMEDD.ARMY.MIL; fadeelm@namru3.med.navy.mil; aelmaksoud@namru3.med.navy.mil; ahmedsamir121@hotmail.com; essamhatem@yahoo.com; klenaj@namru3.med.navy.mil; pimentelg@namru3.med.navv.mil; nasr_elsayed@hotmail.com; rfh5@cdc.gov RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Pimentel, Guillermo/0000-0003-2464-1526 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1085 EP 1089 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 117OC UT WOS:000242881600012 PM 17172371 ER PT J AU Tu, YM Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Tu, Youming Chen, Lingen Sun, Fengrui Wu, Chih TI Cooling load and coefficient of performance optimizations for real air-refrigerators SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE finite-time thermodynamics; irreversible air-refrigeration cycle; cooling load; COP; generalized thermodynamic optimization ID HEAT-EXCHANGER INVENTORY; CYCLE REFRIGERATION; DENSITY OPTIMIZATION; ROAD TRANSPORT; ALLOCATION; PLANTS; SYSTEM AB aBased on a simple irreversible variable-temperature heat reservoir air (Brayton) refrigeration cycle model, a performance analysis and optimization of a real air refrigerator is carried out using finite-time thermodynamics. To maximize the cooling load and the coefficient of performance (COP) of the cycle, the allocation of a fixed total heat-exchanger inventory and thermal-capacity rate matching between the working fluid and heat reservoirs are optimized, respectively. The influences of pressure ratio, the total heat-exchanger inventory, the efficiencies of the compressor and expander, the thermal capacity rate of the working fluid and the ratio of the thermal-capacity rates of the heat reservoirs on the performance of the cycle are shown by numerical examples. The results obtained provide guidances for the design of practical air-refrigeration plants. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lingenchen@hotmail.com NR 26 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD DEC PY 2006 VL 83 IS 12 BP 1289 EP 1306 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2006.03.003 PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 096IL UT WOS:000241370700001 ER PT J AU Korendyke, CM Brown, CM Thomas, RJ Keyser, C Davila, J Hagood, R Hara, H Heidemann, K James, AM Lang, J Mariska, JT Moser, J Moye, R Myers, S Probyn, BJ Seely, JF Shea, J Shepler, E Tandy, J AF Korendyke, Clarence M. Brown, Charles M. Thomas, Roger J. Keyser, Christian Davila, Joseph Hagood, Robert Hara, Hirohisa Heidemann, Klaus James, Adrian M. Lang, James Mariska, John T. Moser, John Moye, Robert Myers, Steven Probyn, Brian J. Seely, John F. Shea, John Shepler, Ed Tandy, Jason TI Optics and mechanisms for the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer on the Solar-B satellite SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID CORRECTED CONCAVE GRATINGS; CALIBRATION; LINES AB The Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) is the first of a new generation of normal-incidence, two-optical-element spectroscopic instruments developed for space solar extreme-ultraviolet astronomy. The instrument is currently mounted on the Solar-B satellite for a planned launch in late 2006. The instrument observes in two spectral bands, 170-210 angstrom and 250-290 angstrom. The spectrograph geometry and grating prescription were optimized to obtain excellent imaging while still maintaining readily achievable physical and fabrication tolerances. A refined technique using low ruling density surrogate gratings and optical metrology was developed to align the instrument with visible light. Slit rasters of the solar surface are obtained by mechanically tilting the mirror. A slit exchange mechanism allows selection among four slits at the telescope focal plane. Each slit is precisely located at the focal plane. The spectrograph imaging performance was optically characterized in the laboratory. The resolution was measured using the Mg III and Ne III lines in the range of 171-200 angstrom. The He II line at 256 angstrom and Ne III lines were used in the range of 251-284 angstrom. The measurements demonstrate an equivalent resolution of similar to 2 are see on the solar surface, in good agreement with the predicted performance. We describe the EIS optics, mechanisms, and measured performance. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Swales Aerosp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Carl Zeiss Laser Opt GmbH, D-73447 Oberkochen, Germany. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Space Res, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Perdix Corp, Wilton, NH 03086 USA. RP Korendyke, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cbrown@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil OI James, Adrian/0000-0002-0023-4363 NR 23 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 34 BP 8674 EP 8688 DI 10.1364/AO.45.008674 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 111SC UT WOS:000242473800013 PM 17119564 ER PT J AU Lang, J Kent, BJ Paustian, W Brown, CM Keyser, C Anderson, MR Case, GCR Chaudry, RA James, AM Korendyke, CM Pike, CD Probyn, BJ Rippington, DJ Seely, JF Tandy, JA Whillock, MCR AF Lang, James Kent, Barry J. Paustian, Wolfgang Brown, Charles M. Keyser, Christian Anderson, Mark R. Case, Giles C. R. Chaudry, Rahil A. James, Adrian M. Korendyke, Clarence M. Pike, C. David Probyn, Brian J. Rippington, David J. Seely, John F. Tandy, Jason A. Whillock, Matthew C. R. TI Laboratory calibration of the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer for the Solar-B satellite SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; SPECTRUM; ENERGY; EUV; NEII AB The laboratory end-to-end testing of the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) for the Solar-B satellite is reported. A short overview of the EIS, which observes in two bands in the extreme-ultraviolet wavelength range, is given. The calibration apparatus is described, including details of the light sources used. The data reduction and analysis procedure are outlined. The wavelength calibration using a Penning source to illuminate the aperture fully is presented. We discuss the aperture determination using a radiometrically calibrated hollow-cathode-based source. We then give an account of the predicted and measured efficiencies from consideration of the efficiencies of individual optical elements in first order, an account of efficiencies out of band when radiation incident in one band is detected in the other, and efficiencies in multiple orders. The efficiencies measured in first order for in band and out of band are compared with the predictions and the sensitivity, and its uncertainties are derived. Application of the radiometric calibration is discussed. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Space Res, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Lang, J (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM j.lang@rl.ac.uk; cbrown@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil OI James, Adrian/0000-0002-0023-4363 NR 35 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 34 BP 8689 EP 8705 DI 10.1364/AO.45.008689 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA 111SC UT WOS:000242473800014 PM 17119565 ER PT J AU Young, SYN Hansen, CJ Gibson, RL Ryan, MAK AF Young, Sylvia Y. N. Hansen, Christian J. Gibson, Roger L. Ryan, Margaret A. K. TI Risky alcohol use, age at onset of drinking, and adverse childhood experiences in young men entering the US marine corps SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION TEST AUDIT; NAVY RECRUIT SAMPLE; USE DISORDERS; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; UNINTENTIONAL INJURY; UNITED-STATES; SUBSTANCE USE; ABUSE; ADOLESCENCE; DEPENDENCE AB Objective: To examine how childhood experiences relate to risky underage drinking. Design: A survey study of men starting military training between June 11, 2002, and April 5, 2006. Multivariate logistic regression models compared risky drinkers with "all others" or with nonrisky drinkers; excluding nondrinkers. Setting: Marine Corps Recruit Depot, San Diego, Calif. Participants: Forty-one thousand four hundred eighty-two men aged 18 to 20 years. Main Exposures: Age at drinking onset; childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; childhood emotional and physical neglect; and household alcohol abuse, mental illness, domestic violence, or divorce. Main Outcome Measures: Risky drinking identified by scoring responses to 3 questions about alcohol consumption. Results: Of 41 482 young men, 6128 (14.8%) were identified as risky drinkers, 18 693 (45.1%) as nonrisky drinkers, and 16 661 (40.2%) as nondrinkers. Among drinkers, early initiation of alcohol use was strongly associated with risky drinking, with a 5.5-fold risk if age at onset of drinking was 13 years or younger. Other associated factors included tobacco use, rural or small hometown, higher education, motivation to join the military for travel or adventure or to leave problems at home, numerous close friends and relatives, household alcohol abuse or mental illness, and childhood sexual or emotional abuse. When the comparison group included nondrinkers, additional associated factors included childhood physical abuse and domestic violence. Conclusions: These analyses confirm previous findings on risks for alcohol misuse in young adults and quantify these risks in new, large, multivariable models, adding unique perspective from a population of young Marines. Public health efforts to decrease alcohol misuse may be effectively targeted by prevention of underage alcohol use, tobacco use, and childhood abuse. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Armed Forces Epidemiol Board, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM ryan@nhrc.navy.mil NR 42 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 160 IS 12 BP 1207 EP 1214 DI 10.1001/archpedi.160.12.1207 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 111YW UT WOS:000242492800002 PM 17146017 ER PT J AU Homer, L Szkody, P Henden, A Chen, B Schmidt, GD Fraser, OJ West, AA AF Homer, Lee Szkody, Paula Henden, Arne Chen, Bing Schmidt, Gary D. Fraser, Oliver J. West, Andrew A. TI Characterizing three candidate magnetic cataclysmic variables from SDSS: XMM-Newton and optical follow-up observations SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : individual (SDSS J144659.95+025330.3, SDSS J205017.84-053626.8, SDSS J210131.26+105251.5); stars : magnetic fields; X-rays : stars ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ACCRETION; DISCOVERY AB In the latest in our series of papers on XMM-Newton and ground-based optical follow-up of new candidate magnetic cataclysmic variables (mCVs) found in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we report classifications of three systems: SDSS J144659.95+025330.3, SDSS J205017.84+053626.8, and SDSS J210131.26+105251.5. Both the X-ray and optical fluxes of SDSS J1446+02 are modulated on a period of 48.7 +/- 0.5minutes, with the X-ray modulation showing the characteristic energy dependence of photoelectric absorption seen in many intermediate polars (IP). A longer period modulation and radial velocity variation is also seen at around 4 hr, although neither data set is long enough to constrain this longer, likely orbital, period well. SDSS J2050-05 appears to be an example of the most highly magnetized class of mCV, a diskless, stream- fed polar. Its 1.57 hr orbital period is well constrained via optical eclipse timings; in the X-ray it shows both eclipses and an underlying strong, smooth modulation. In this case broadly phase-resolved spectral fits indicate that this change in flux is the result of a varying normalization of the dominant component (a 41 keV MEKAL plasma), plus the addition of a partial covering absorber during the lower flux interval. SDSS J2101+10 is a more perplexing system to categorize: its X-ray and optical fluxes exhibit no large periodic modulations; there are only barely detectable changes in the velocity structure of its optical emission lines; the X-ray spectra require only absorption by the interstellar medium; and the temperatures of the MEKAL fits are low, with maximum temperature components of either 10 or 25 keV. We conclude that SDSS J2101+10 cannot be an IP, nor likely a polar, but is rather most likely a disk accretor-a low-inclination SW Sex star. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ USA. Amer Assoc Variable Star Observers, Cambridge, MA USA. ESA Vilspa, XMM Newton Sci Operat Ctr, Madrid, Spain. VEGA Informat Technologien GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Homer, L (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI West, Andrew/H-3717-2014 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 132 IS 6 BP 2743 EP 2754 DI 10.1086/508928 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MC UT WOS:000242529100045 ER PT J AU Hewitt, JW Yusef-Zadeh, F Wardle, M Roberts, DA Kassim, NE AF Hewitt, J. W. Yusef-Zadeh, F. Wardle, M. Roberts, D. A. Kassim, N. E. TI Green Bank Telescope observations of IC 443: The nature of OH (1720 MHz) masers and OH absorption SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : general; ISM : individual (IC 443); masers; shock waves; supernova remnants ID SUPERNOVA REMNANT IC-443; IC 443; MOLECULAR CLOUD; GALACTIC-CENTER; EMISSION; IC443; W28; W44; CO AB We present spectral line observations of the ground-state transitions of hydroxyl (OH) toward supernova remnant (SNR) IC 443 carried out with the Green Bank Telescope. Weak, extended OH (1720 MHz) maser emission with OH (1667, 1665, 1612 MHz) absorption is detected along the southern extent of the remnant where no bright compact maser sources have been previously observed. These newly detected SNR-type masers are coincident with well-known molecular clumps and a ridge of shocked H-2 emission indicative of the SNR shock front interacting with the adjacent molecular cloud. Simultaneous observation of all four ground-state transitions of OH permits us to fit physical conditions of the shocked gas at the interaction site. A simple two-component model for the line profiles yields the physical parameters for detected regions of maser emission, including excitation temperature, OH column density, and filling factor. Observed line profiles suggest the shock is largely propagating toward the line of sight in the region of these newly identified weak masers. The implications of shock geometry and physical parameters in producing spatially extended OH maser emission in SNRs are explored. We also present VLA radio continuum observations at 330 MHz for comparison with OH line observations of the remnant. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Macquarie Univ, Dept Phys, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hewitt, JW (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. OI Wardle, Mark/0000-0002-1737-0871 NR 24 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 2 BP 1288 EP 1296 DI 10.1086/508331 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MM UT WOS:000242530100040 ER PT J AU Krall, J St Cyr, OC AF Krall, J. St. Cyr, O. C. TI Flux-rope coronal mass ejection geometry and its relation to observed morphology SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID ERUPTIVE PROMINENCE; LASCO; EVENT; SUN; STREAMER; MODEL; SOHO; EIT AB A simple parameterization of a three-dimensional flux rope is used to determine a "typical flux-rope geometry" that corresponds to observed flux-rope coronal mass ejection (CME) morphologies (average apparent angular widths) at a leading-edge height of about 5.5 R-circle dot. The parameterized flux rope, the curved axis of which is assumed to trace out an ellipse, is described in terms of the eccentricity of the ellipse, the width (minor diameter d) of the flux rope at the apex, and the height of the apex above the solar surface 2R(1). Assuming self-similar expansion, there are only two geometrical parameters to be determined: the eccentricity is an element of and the axial aspect ratio Lambda(a) equivalent to 2R(1)/d. For each pair of geometrical parameters, an ensemble of 72 orientations is considered, with each being specified in terms of a latitude angle, a longitude angle, and a rotation about the direction of motion. The resulting ensemble of synthetic coronagraph images is used to produce statistical measures of the morphology for comparison to corresponding observational measures from St. Cyr et al. (2004). We find that a typical flux-rope CME has is an element of = 0.7 +/- 0.2 and Lambda(a) 1.1 +/- 0.3. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Phys Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Krall, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 2 BP 1740 EP 1746 DI 10.1086/508337 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MM UT WOS:000242530100079 ER PT J AU Colaninno, RC Vourlidas, A AF Colaninno, Robin C. Vourlidas, Angelos TI Analysis of the velocity field of CMEs using optical flow methods SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods : data analysis; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); techniques : image processing ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; LARGE-ANGLE; IMAGES; SPEEDS; MOTION AB Optical flow is a powerful image processing tool for measuring motion in digital images. The optical flow algorithm provides an estimate of the velocity vector at every pixel from a pair of successive images. Here we present an application of this method to images of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The technique is first tested and validated on a simulated CME. It is then applied to several CMEs observed with the LASCO C2 coronagraph to derive their velocity fields. The resulting velocity measurements allow us to visualize the evolution of the CME plasma and to separate the "bulk" velocity from the expansion velocity of a given CME. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such information has been extracted from CME observations. We discuss the limitations and accuracy of our optical flow method and propose further improvements. C1 George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Colaninno, RC (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM robin.colaninno@nrl.navy.mil; vourlidas@nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 2 BP 1747 EP 1754 DI 10.1086/507943 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MM UT WOS:000242530100080 ER PT J AU Bryans, P Badnell, NR Gorczyca, TW Laming, JM Mitthumsiri, W Savin, DW AF Bryans, P. Badnell, N. R. Gorczyca, T. W. Laming, J. M. Mitthumsiri, W. Savin, D. W. TI Collisional ionization equilibrium for optically thin plasmas. I. Updated recombination rate coefficients for bare through sodium-like ions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes; plasmas ID FINITE-DENSITY PLASMAS; ASTROPHYSICALLY ABUNDANT ELEMENTS; PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; NA-LIKE IONS; DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; RELATIVISTIC CALCULATIONS; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; RECOMMENDED DATA AB Reliably interpreting spectra from electron-ionized cosmic plasmas requires accurate ionization balance calculations for the plasma in question. However, much of the atomic data needed for these calculations have not been generated using modern theoretical methods and are often highly suspect. This translates directly into the reliability of the collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE) calculations. We make use of state-of-the-art calculations of dielectronic recombination (DR) rate coefficients for the hydrogenic through Na-like ions of all elements from He up to and including Zn. Where measurements exist, these published theoretical DR data agree with recent laboratory work to within typically 35% or better at the temperatures relevant for CIE. We also make use of state-of-the-art radiative recombination (RR) rate coefficient calculations for the bare through Na-like ions of all elements from H through to Zn. Here we present improved CIE calculations for temperatures from 104 to 109 K using our data and the recommended electron impact ionization data of Mazzotta et al. for elements up to and including Ni and Mazzotta for Cu and Zn. DR and RR data for ionization stages that have not been updated are also taken from these two additional sources. We compare our calculated fractional ionic abundances using these data with those presented by Mazzotta et al. for all elements from H to Ni. The differences in peak fractional abundance are up to 60%. We also compare with the fractional ionic abundances for Mg, Si, S, Ar, Ca, Fe, and Ni derived from the modern DR calculations of Gu for the H-like through Na-like ions, and the RR calculations of Gu for the bare through F-like ions. These results are in better agreement with our work, with differences in peak fractional abundance of less than 10%. C1 Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bryans, P (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Bryans, Paul/C-9196-2012; Savin, Daniel/B-9576-2012 OI Savin, Daniel/0000-0002-1111-6610 NR 65 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 167 IS 2 BP 343 EP 356 DI 10.1086/507629 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 112MH UT WOS:000242529600013 ER PT J AU Magann, EF Doherty, DA Briery, CM Niederhauser, A Morrison, JC AF Magann, Everett F. Doherty, Dorota A. Briery, Christian M. Niederhauser, Amy Morrison, John C. TI Timing of placental delivery to prevent post-partum haemorrhage: Lessons learned from an abandoned randomised clinical trial SO AUSTRALIAN & NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE post-partum haemorrhage; third stage of labour ID 3RD STAGE; RISK-FACTORS; LABOR; MISOPROSTOL; MANAGEMENT AB It has been recognised that, if the length of the third stage of labour exceeds 30 min, then there is an increased risk of a post-partum haemorrhage. Recent information has suggested that 18 min is the optimal time for removal of the undelivered placenta to prevent a post-partum haemorrhage. A randomised trial comparing 20 vs. 30 min was stopped after an interim analysis because only eight of 1607 patients' placentas had not delivered by 20 min. A third stage of labour that exceeded 10 min was observed to be significantly correlated with an increased risk of post-partum haemorrhage. C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA USA. Univ Western Australia, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. RP Morrison, JC (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM jmorrison@ob-gyn.umsmed.edu NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0004-8666 J9 AUST NZ J OBSTET GYN JI Aust. N. Z. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 549 EP 551 DI 10.1111/j.1479-828X.2006.00658.x PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 101IA UT WOS:000241733300016 PM 17116064 ER PT J AU Kapur, SP AF Kapur, S. Paul TI The India-Pakistan Conflict: An Enduring Rivalry SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE-REVUE CANADIENNE DE SCIENCE POLITIQUE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Kapur, S. Paul] USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Kapur, SP (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILFRID LAURIER UNIV PRESS PI WATERLOO PA 75 UNIVERSITY AVENUE WEST, WATERLOO, ON N2L 3C5, CANADA SN 0008-4239 J9 CAN J POLIT SCI JI Can. J. Polit. Sci.-Rev. Can. Sci. Polit. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 39 IS 4 BP 966 EP 967 PG 2 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA V95RK UT WOS:000206467200022 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Thompson, KE Reed, AH Beenken, L AF Zhang, Wenli Thompson, Karsten E. Reed, Allen H. Beenken, Liese TI Relationship between packing structure and porosity in fixed beds of equilateral cylindrical particles SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE packed bed; tomography; particulate processes; granular materials; packing structure; wall effects ID PACKED-BEDS; SPHERE PACKINGS; VOIDAGE; CYLINDERS; RECONSTRUCTION; TOMOGRAPHY; FRACTION; DENSITY; IMAGES; HEAT AB Fixed beds of cylindrical particles are important in chemical engineering applications, but their packing structures are not as well understood or as well characterized as sphere packings. In this work, X-ray microtomography is used to obtain 3D images of 1.8 mm diameter equilateral cylinders in a 23 mm cylindrical container over a range of bulk porosities. A novel algorithm is used to computationally reconstruct the packings, resulting in data sets that give the location and orientation of each cylinder in the imaged packings. Extensive analysis has been performed, including bulk and local porosities, radial distribution functions, and parameters describing local and global ordering. The major factors affecting packing structure are the overall packing density and the proximity to the wall. At the highest overall packing densities, near-wall porosity becomes nearly equal to interior porosity, and significant global ordering occurs near the wall. For a vertical container, global ordering is characterized by the alignment of the particles with an orthogonal coordinate system that has one axis coincident with r (as defined by the container) and the other two axes in the z-theta plane, but rotated 45 degrees with the horizontal. The observed structures are relevant in the context of flow maldistribution and heat transfer in fixed beds. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Cain Dept Chem Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Thompson, KE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Cain Dept Chem Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM karsten@lsu.edu NR 38 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 61 IS 24 BP 8060 EP 8074 DI 10.1016/j.ces.2006.09.036 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 115VF UT WOS:000242761200019 ER PT J AU Shaffer, J AF Shaffer, Jason TI The "female martinet": Mrs. Harper, gender, and civic virtue on the early republican stage SO COMPARATIVE DRAMA LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Shaffer, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIV PI KALAMAZOO PA DEPT ENGLISH, 1903 W MICHIGAN AVE, KALAMAZOO, MI 49008-5331 USA SN 0010-4078 J9 COMP DRAMA JI Comp. Drama PD WIN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 4 BP 411 EP 432 PG 22 WC Theater SC Theater GA 212WI UT WOS:000249627300002 ER PT J AU McDowell, P Bourgeois, BS Sofge, DA Iyengar, SS AF McDowell, Patrick Bourgeois, Brian S. Sofge, Donald A. Iyengar, S. S. TI Memory-based in situ learning for unmanned vehicles SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article AB Researchers are using a sensor-input-based metric to develop a team of robots that would have the capability to learn their roles and improve strategies so that they can meet their overall goals in dynamic unstructured environments such as underwater or urban settings in which communications and monitoring are difficult. C1 USN, Res Lab, Position Navigat & Timing Team, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP McDowell, P (reprint author), SE Louisiana Univ, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. EM pm@selu.edu; bsb@nrlssc.navy.mil; don.sofge@nrl.navy.mil; iyengar@bit.csc.lsu.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD DEC PY 2006 VL 39 IS 12 BP 62 EP + DI 10.1109/MC.2006.432 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 114DY UT WOS:000242648100019 ER PT J AU Teague, WJ Jarosz, E Carnes, MR Mitchell, DA Hogan, PJ AF Teague, W. J. Jarosz, E. Carnes, M. R. Mitchell, D. A. Hogan, P. J. TI Low-frequency current variability observed at the shelfbreak in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico: May-October, 2004 SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coastal currents; continental shelf; continental slope; barotropic field; baroclinic field; Gulf of Mexico; (28-31N, 86-90W) ID WEST FLORIDA SHELF; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; HURRICANE-IVAN; CIRCULATION; BOUNDARY; PATTERNS; SATELLITE; MODEL; WATER; CYCLE AB High-resolution current measurements were made in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) as part of its Slope to Shelf Energetics and Exchange Dynamics (SEED) project. The major goal of SEED is to understand the mechanisms that transfer properties across the shelf slope. Fourteen acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) were deployed just west of the Desoto Canyon on the shelf and down the slope from May to November, 2004 to measure nearly full water column current profiles. Currents were found more variable on the shelf than on the slope but in the mean strongly tended to follow bathymetry, particularly on the slope. During the SEED time period currents were driven by both local and remote winds, by cyclonic eddies associated with the Loop Current extension and Loop Current rings.. by smaller eddies associated with the cyclonic eddies, by frontal meanders or streamers associated with the eddies, and by tropical storms. Currents were highly barotropic, accounting for more than 80% of the eddy kinetic energy (EKE). Current magnitudes generally increased from west to east, towards the Desoto Canyon. Tropical storms had a relatively minor short-term effect upon mass transports. Cross-shelf transports were much smaller than the along-shelf transports. Onshore transports were stronger on the western side of the array while offshore transports were stronger on the eastern side of the array near the Desoto Canyon. Offshore transports generally occurred during eastward flow periods, onshore transports during westward flow periods, and both during eddy periods. Mesoscale eddies also provided contributions to cross-shelf exchange. Large scale circulation features could be determined from the first two empirical-orthogonal function (EOF) modes which accounted for 83% of the variance and were strongly related to the integrated wind stress. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Teague, WJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM teague@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 20 BP 2559 EP 2582 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2006.08.002 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 115XH UT WOS:000242766600004 ER PT J AU Lowy, DA Jhaveri, SD Foos, EE Tender, LM Ancona, MG Snow, AW AF Lowy, Daniel A. Jhaveri, Sulay D. Foos, Edward E. Tender, Leonard M. Ancona, Mario G. Snow, Arthur W. TI Effects of ion-pairing on rate of electron transfer between immobilized gold nanoclusters and soluble redox probes SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE gold nanocluster; quantized charging; mixed monolayer; electron transfer kinetics; blocked surfaced; cobalt tris(phenanthroline) ID MINIATURIZED REFERENCE ELECTRODES; INDUCED RECTIFICATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; NANOPARTICLES; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; MULTILAYERS; ALGORITHM; CLUSTERS; FILMS AB Hydrophilic gold nanoclusters were tethered onto gold electrodes modified with mixed 1-octane thiol/1,9-nonane dithiol monolayers. The heterogeneous electron transfer (ET) kinetics of soluble redox species in the supporting electrolyte were investigated at these electrodes by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in the presence and absence of the ion-pairing anions PF6- and NO3-. The redox species investigated, [Fe(CN)(6)](3-/4-) and [Co(C12H8N2)(3)](3+/2+) where oppositely charged. The results presented here reveal that the rate of ET for the negatively charged redox species decreases with decreasing ionic charging time constant of the electrolyte. The opposite trend is observed for the positively charged redox species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tender, LM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Technol, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Tender@NRL.NAVY.MIL OI Lowy, Daniel/0000-0003-2210-6757 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 8 IS 12 BP 1821 EP 1824 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.06.029 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 122SV UT WOS:000243248000003 ER PT J AU Holthaus, JE Koul, MG Moran, AL AF Holthaus, John E. Koul, Michelle G. Moran, Angela L. TI Property and microstructure evaluation as a function of processing parameters: Large HY-80 steel casting for a US Navy submarine SO ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE fracture toughness; microstructures; structural steels AB Processing techniques can significantly alter the properties of a material and can ultimately determine whether a component will perform its function safely. This effort involves the investigation of the processing parameters of HY-80 steel castings; specifically a large HY-80 submarine casting that failed while in service due to improper processing. Samples taken from the failed casting were evaluated in the as-received condition and after exposures to various improper quench and temper scenarios that were possible during casting production. Microstructural examination and hardness measurements were used to evaluate the condition of the high strength steel and these results were correlated to Charpy impact toughness. One important result of this work indicates that hardness alone is not a good indication of material condition: the same measured hardness values yielded very different fracture behavior. The window of favorable processing parameters as defined by heat treatment temperature was clarified based on the specification requirements set by the US Navy for HY-80 castings. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Moran, AL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM amoran@usna.edu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-6307 J9 ENG FAIL ANAL JI Eng. Fail. Anal. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 13 IS 8 BP 1397 EP 1409 DI 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2005.10.004 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 073CC UT WOS:000239719200021 ER PT J AU Ahmed, SF Riddle, MS Wierzba, TF Messih, IA Monteville, MR Sanders, JW Klena, JD AF Ahmed, S. F. Riddle, M. S. Wierzba, T. F. Messih, I. Abdel Monteville, M. R. Sanders, J. W. Klena, J. D. TI Epidemiology and genetic characterization of Shigella flexneri strains isolated from three paediatric populations in Egypt (2000-2004) SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID ENTEROINVASIVE ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TRENDS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; GENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION; PROVISIONAL SEROTYPE; DIVERSE SEROTYPES; ACUTE DIARRHEA; IPAH GENE; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE AB Ninety-seven isolates of Shigella flexneri from children seeking medical care from three sites in Egypt were characterized. Overall, 46(.)4 % of children (median age 17 months) were febrile or reported blood in their stools, 25(.)8% were dehydrated and 16(.)5% were admitted to hospital. Serotypes 2a (37(.)1 %), 1b (18(.)6 %), 1c (17(.)5 %), and 6 (15(.)5 %) comprised over 88(.)7 % of the total isolates. We observed marked resistance to ampicillin (87(.)6 %), tetracycline (84(.)5 %) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (63(.)9 %). Pulsed-field electrophoresis grouped the majority of isolates within a serotype together, separately from isolates of an alternative serotype. The set gene was present in all serogroup 2a isolates, however, the sen gene was detected in every isolate. Our results show S. flexneri 1c has emerged as a dominant S. flexneri serotype in Egypt. Development and application of a Shigella vaccine should consider the diversity of Shigella serotypes within a geographical region prior to administration. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. RP Klena, JD (reprint author), PSC 452 Box 154, FPO, AE 09835 USA. EM KlenaJ@namru3.med.navy.mil RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 48 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 134 IS 6 BP 1237 EP 1248 DI 10.1017/S095026880600642X PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 108HV UT WOS:000242231800015 PM 16690004 ER PT J AU Mied, RP Donato, TF Friedrichs, CT AF Mied, Richard P. Donato, Timothy F. Friedrichs, Carl T. TI Eddy generation in the tidal Potomac river SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID FREE-SURFACE; FLOW; BENDS; DYNAMICS; MODEL; BANK AB This paper deals with eddies generated by a shear flow instability in the tidal Potomac River, Maryland-Virginia, USA. An evolution sequence of this robust phenomenon is synthesized using ASTER and Landsat visible imagery, and its growth from small-amplitude waves into mature eddies is shown. Using feature tracking between two nearly contemporaneous ASTER and Landsat images, an along-river surface velocity profile is computed. Archived velocity and density profiles, taken during accelerating ebb at locations up-river and down-river of the study area indicate the water column is relatively homogeneous up-river, but resembles a two-layer fluid down-river where estuarine stratification is present in the lower water column. Velocity variation with depth in the upper water column is relatively small, deviating at mid depth from the near-surface value by only 9-15% at both sites. We examined the horizontal stability properties of this flow by modeling it as inviscid mid barotropic, and predicted rapidly growing unstable waves with wavelengths close to the observed ones. Their proximity to the coast,;is well as the precise details of the coastline configuration, are shown to have a negligible effect in determining the observed unstable wavelengths. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Mied, RP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7200, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mied@nrl.navy.mil OI Friedrichs, Carl/0000-0002-1810-900X NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD DEC PY 2006 VL 29 IS 6B BP 1067 EP 1080 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 200JO UT WOS:000248759900001 ER PT J AU Steppe, CN Epifanio, CE AF Steppe, Cecily N. Epifanio, Charles E. TI Synoptic distribution of crab larvae near the mouth of Delaware Bay: Influence of nearshore hydrographic regimes SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE larvae; crabs; coastal null zone; transport; coastal current; Callinectes sapidus; USA; Delaware Bay ID COASTAL CURRENT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; TIDAL CURRENTS; RIVER ESTUARY; SOURCE REGION; INNER SHELF; TRANSPORT; RECRUITMENT; PATCHES; WATERS AB In this paper we describe results of a study designed to test the hypothesis that coastal regions with weak subtidal flow (i.e., coastal null zones) may serve as retention areas for estuarine larval forms. Our investigation assessed the distribution of 3 taxa of crab larvae (Callinectes sapidus, Uca spp., and Hexapanopeus angustifrons) within a 200-km(2) region encompassing the mouth of Delaware Bay (ca. 39 degrees N, 75 degrees W). Previous studies had shown that larvae of C. sapidus and Uca spp. are exported to the coastal ocean, while larvae of H. angustifrons are retained within the estuary. In the present investigation, we conducted simultaneous plankton tows at 3 stations during peak spawning season. Samples were collected from a depth of 1 m every 30 min throughout a complete tidal cycle. One station was located 15 km within the bay and was subjected to strong flow at tidal frequency. A second station was located within a southward-flowing coastal current near the southern terminus of the bay at Cape Henlopen. A final station was located in a coastal area of weak subtidal flow near Cape May at the northern terminus of the bay. Results provide a unique synoptic view of larval distributions in 3 distinct hydrographic regimes in the mouth of a major estuary. The coastal-current station was characterized by low concentrations of newly hatched C. sapidus and Uca zoeae, while the null-zone station had high densities of both early and advanced larval stages of these two taxa. In contrast, the station located within the bay had few C. sapidus or Uca zoeae and was dominated by both early and advanced stages of the mud crab H. angustifrons. These data provide clear evidence for the retention of exported larval forms in a coastal null zone associated with the circulation of a large estuary and thus are consistent with our hypothesis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Delaware, Grad Coll Marine Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. RP Steppe, CN (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Chauvenet Hall,Mail Stop 9D,572C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM natunewi@usna.edu; epi@udel.edu RI Steppe, Cecily/K-3388-2012 OI Steppe, Cecily/0000-0002-5448-3533 NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 654 EP 662 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.07.003 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 117FI UT WOS:000242857800014 ER PT J AU Cone, T AF Cone, T TI Murray's 'Presence - Translations from the Natural World' SO EXPLICATOR LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Cone, T (reprint author), USN Acad, 117 Decatur Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0014-4940 J9 EXPLICATOR JI Explicator PD WIN PY 2006 VL 64 IS 2 BP 121 EP 124 PG 4 WC Literature SC Literature GA 025TT UT WOS:000236290500022 ER PT J AU Riel, G AF Riel, Gordon TI F.M. Cummings - "A useful formula for the calibration laboratory" SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID INSTRUMENTS C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr 6301, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Riel, G (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr 6301, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 91 IS 6 BP 646 EP 646 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000242151.16353.cd PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 106LZ UT WOS:000242103300015 PM 17099408 ER PT J AU Shen, YC Long, SK AF Shen, Yu-Chu Long, Sharon K. TI What's driving the downward trend in employer-sponsored health insurance? SO HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE employer sponsored health insurance; premiums; low-income workers ID LOW-INCOME WORKERS; COVERAGE; ACCESS; CARE AB Objective. We investigate the factors driving the downward trend in employer sponsored health insurance (ESI) coverage between 1999 and 2002 for low- and middle-income workers, and assess their insurance options in the absence of ESI coverage. Data. We use the 1999 and 2002 rounds of the National Survey of America's Families (NSAF), supplemented with ESI premiums from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, as well as other state- and county-level data from a variety of sources. The sample includes workers between the ages of 19 and 64. Study Design. We first estimate linear probability models of the probability of having an ESI offer and, for those with an offer, the probability of taking up ESI coverage, using two-stage least square regression on the 2002 worker sample. We then use Oaxaca-Blinder regression-based decomposition methods to identify the factors that explain the changes in ESI offer and take-up between 1999 and 2002. Principal Findings. We find that while low-income workers are more likely to be uninsured and are most vulnerable to the loss of ESI coverage, many middle-income workers are also in a precarious position when faced with the loss of ESI coverage. Many low- and middle-income workers have few coverage options in the absence of ESI. This is particularly problematic for low-income workers: only 13 percent have a spouse with an ESI offer and the nongroup premium they face increased at a much higher rate than for middle-income workers. Finally, we find that the drop in ESI offers between 1999 and 2002 was driven largely by changes in nature of the workers' jobs, while the drop in ESI take-up was driven largely by rising ESI premiums. Conclusions. Policies that shore up the ESI system are important for both low- and middle-income workers, as both are vulnerable to a loss of insurance coverage in the absence of ESI. Over time, the potential coverage options available to low- and middle-income workers in the absence of ESI have narrowed as nongroup premiums have increased. While public coverage has provided some protection from that increase for low-income workers, middle-income workers are much less likely to have access to public protection. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Urban Inst, Ctr Hlth Policy, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Shen, YC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Code GB,555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-9124 J9 HEALTH SERV RES JI Health Serv. Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 41 IS 6 BP 2074 EP 2096 DI 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2006.00590.x PG 23 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 105OV UT WOS:000242042300004 PM 17116110 ER PT J AU Desai, VM Roberts, KH Ciavarelli, AR AF Desai, Vinit M. Roberts, Karlene H. Ciavarelli, Anthony R. TI The relationship between safety climate and recent accidents: Behavioral learning and cognitive attributions SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID CAUSAL ATTRIBUTION; ORGANIZATIONS; PERFORMANCE; PERSISTENCE; EXPERIENCE; MANAGEMENT; LEADERSHIP; ATTITUDES; FAILURE; CULTURE AB Objective: The association between accidents and subsequent work unit safety perceptions was assessed to address cognitive and behavioral changes following accidents. Background: Many studies attempt to predict accident rates using measures of work unit safety, but effects vary considerably. Conversely, this study examined whether recent accidents may be positively associated with work unit safety perceptions, as suggested by behavioral learning mechanisms (increases in safety investments following accidents) or cognitive mechanisms (defensive attributions regarding accident causality). Method: Lagged squadron-level accident experience was correlated with work unit safety perceptions obtained through a 61-question safety climate survey administered to 6,361 individuals in U.S. Navy flight squadrons. Results: Positive associations between minor or intermediately severe accidents and future safety climate scores were found, although no effect was found for major accidents. Conclusion: We suggest that accident history should be considered when examining work unit safety perceptions because recent accidents may be associated with higher safety climate scores. We did not find that this varies systematically with accident severity, and longitudinal research on additional samples is needed to further test this possibility. Application: This research may be used to refine measurement of work unit safety and to examine impacts of accidents or safety violations on workers' cognitive processes and group behavioral changes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Desai, VM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, 545 Student Serv 1900, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vdesai@haas.berkeley.edu NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU HUMAN FACTORS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD WIN PY 2006 VL 48 IS 4 BP 639 EP 650 DI 10.1518/001872006779166361 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 120ZI UT WOS:000243125300002 PM 17240712 ER PT J AU Pascu, D Storrs, AD Wells, EN Hershey, JL Rohde, JR Seidelmann, PK Currie, DG AF Pascu, Dan Storrs, Alex D. Wells, Eddie N. Hershey, John L. Rohde, James R. Seidelmann, P. Kenneth Currie, Douglas G. TI HST BVI photometry of Triton and Proteus SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Triton; satellites; surfaces; Neptune; magnetosphere ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INNER SATELLITES; NEPTUNE; SHAPE AB BVI photometry of Triton and Proteus was derived from HST images taken in 1997. The VEGAMAG photometric technique was used. Triton was found to be brighter by a few percent than observations of the 1970's and 1980's, as expected due to the increasingly greater exposure of the bright south polar region. The leading side was also found to be brighter than the trailing side by 0.09 mag in all filters-50% larger than reported by Franz [Franz, O.G., 1981. Icarus 45, 602-606]. Contrary to our previous results [Pascu, D., et al., 1998. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 30, 1101], we found no episodic reddening. Our previous conclusions were based on an inaccurate early version of the Charge Transfer Efficiency (CTE) correction. The present result limits the start of the reddening event reported by Hicks and Buratti [Hicks, M.D., Buratti, B.J., 2004. Icarus 171, 210-218]. Our (B-V) result of 0.70 +/- 0.01 supports the global blueing described by Buratti et al. [Buratti, B.J., Goguen, J.D., Gibson, J., Mosher, J., 1994. Icarus 110, 303-314]. Our observations of July 1997 agree with the Voyager results and are among the bluest colors seen. We found Proteus somewhat brighter than earlier studies, but in good agreement with the recent value given by Karkoschka [Karkoschka, E., 2003. Icarus 162, 400-407]. A leading/trailing brightness asymmetry was detected for Proteus, with the leading side 0.1 mag brighter. The unique differences in action of the endogenic and exogenic processes on Triton and Proteus provides an opportunity to separate the endogenic and exogenic effects on Triton. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Towson State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21252 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Geodet Survey, N NGS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pascu, D (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM danpascu@starpower.net NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD DEC PY 2006 VL 185 IS 2 BP 487 EP 491 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.07.020 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 125MP UT WOS:000243446300014 ER PT J AU Feemster, MG Fang, YC Dawson, DM AF Feemster, Matthew G. Fang, Yongchun Dawson, Darren M. TI Disturbance rejection for a magnetic levitation system SO IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS LA English DT Article DE disturbance rejection; learning control; magnetic levitation; saturated control input ID NONLINEAR CONTROL; BEARINGS AB In this paper, a position regulation control strategy is developed for a magnetic levitation system operating in the presence of a bounded, periodic disturbance. Specifically, the proposed controller utilizes a saturated control force input in conjunction with a learning-based disturbance estimator to asymptotically regulate the target mass to a desired set point position despite the actuator's unidirectional limitation of exerting only an attractive force on the target mass (i.e., the control input can only generate an attractive force while the earth's gravitational field is utilized to produce the repulsive action). Differing from the previous approaches, the learning-based estimator only requires that the disturbance be bounded and that the period of the disturbance be known (i.e., the structure of the disturbance is not required to be known). Experimental results are included to illustrate the performance of the control strategy. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Nankai Univ, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Feemster, MG (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM feemster@usna.edu; yfang@robot.nankai.edu.cn; darren.dawson@ces.clemson.edu NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1083-4435 J9 IEEE-ASME T MECH JI IEEE-ASME Trans. Mechatron. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 11 IS 6 BP 709 EP 717 DI 10.1109/TMECH.2006.886248 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 118BT UT WOS:000242917700007 ER PT J AU Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A Wieselthier, JE AF Nguyen, Gam D. Ephremides, Anthony Wieselthier, Jeffrey E. TI Comments on "Capture and retransmission control in mobile radio" SO IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Nguyen, GD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nguyen@itd.nrl.navy.mil; etony@umd.edu; wieselthier@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 1 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8716 J9 IEEE J SEL AREA COMM JI IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 24 IS 12 BP 2340 EP 2341 DI 10.1109/JSAC.2006.887338 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 111OC UT WOS:000242461400015 ER PT J AU Ancona, MG Snow, AW Foos, EE Kruppa, W Bass, R AF Ancona, Mario G. Snow, Arthur W. Foos, Edward E. Kruppa, Walter Bass, Robert TI Scaling properties of gold nanocluster chemiresistor sensors SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE chemical-vapor sensing; chemiresistor; nanoclusters; scaling; 1/f noise ID CHEMICAL SENSORS; THIN-FILMS; 1/F NOISE; NANOPARTICLE; SENSITIVITY; POLYMER; TRANSISTORS; ENSEMBLE; GEOMETRY; VAPORS AB The effect of geometric scaling on the performance of metal-insulator metal-ensemble (MIME) chemiresistors based on gold nanoclusters is investigated. The ultrasmall size of the nanoclusters is shown to enable extreme scaling of the sensors with reductions in area of at least a factor of 104 over conventional MIME devices. If the operating voltage is held constant, the absolute sensitivity of the devices is found to remain essentially unchanged by the geometric scaling. Interestingly, this occurs despite the fact that contact resistance appears to play a significant role in the smallest devices. The detection limit of the sensors is set by a signal-to-noise ratio, and because 1/f noise tends to dominate, reduction in sensor size raises the noise floor, leading to a degradation in the detection limit. Because of the importance of the 1/f noise, optimal performance will be obtained by operating the sensors under ac conditions with filtering. Despite the degradation in performance that results from scaling, nanocluster-based chemiresistors of reduced size can still be advantageous because of the possibility of achieving vapor-sensing systems of substantially reduced size, power, complexity, and cost, as well as new applications, e.g., for sensor arrays. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ancona, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ancona@estd.nrl.navy.mil; arthur.snow@nrl.navy.mil; edward.foos@nrl.navy.mil; walter.kruppa@nrl.navy.mil; robert.bass@nrl.navy.mil NR 41 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X EI 1558-1748 J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 6 IS 6 BP 1403 EP 1414 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2006.884447 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 110OY UT WOS:000242389400008 ER PT J AU Narasimham, B Ramachandran, V Bhuva, BL Schrimpf, RD Witulski, AF Holman, WT Massengill, LW Black, JD Robinson, WH McMorrow, D AF Narasimham, Balaji Ramachandran, Vishwa Bhuva, Bharat L. Schrimpf, Ronald D. Witulski, Arthur F. Holman, William Timothy Massengill, Lloyd W. Black, Jeffery D. Robinson, William H. McMorrow, Dale TI On-chip characterization of single-event transient pulsewidths SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE CMOS; radiation hardening by design (RHBD); single event; single-event transient (SET); single event upset (SEU); transient pulsewidth ID COMBINATIONAL LOGIC; CHARGE COLLECTION; PULSES; LASER; CIRCUITS AB A new on-chip single-event transient (SET) test structure has been developed to autonomously characterize the widths of random SET pulses. Simulation results show measurement granularity of 900 ps for a 1.5 mu m technology and also indicate that the measurement granularity rapidly scales down with technology. Laser tests were used to demonstrate circuit operation on test chips fabricated using a 1.5 mu m process. The experimental results indicate pulsewidths varying from about 900, ps to over 3 ns as the laser energy was increased. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Narasimham, B (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM balaji.narasimham@vanderbilt.edu RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 23 TC 74 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-4388 J9 IEEE T DEVICE MAT RE JI IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 6 IS 4 BP 542 EP 549 DI 10.1109/TDMR.2006.885589 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 114UO UT WOS:000242691300007 ER PT J AU Panait, L Luke, S Wiegand, RP AF Panait, Liviu Luke, Sean Wiegand, R. Paul TI Biasing coevolutionary search for optimal multiagent behaviors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE biased coevolution; coevolution; cooperative coevolution; multiagent learning; multipopulation symmetric coevolution; optimal collaboration ID GAME AB Cooperative coevolutionary algorithms (CEAs) offer great potential for concurrent multiagent learning domains and are of special utility to domains involving teams of multiple agents. Unfortunately, they also exhibit pathologies resulting from their game-theoretic nature, and these pathologies interfere with finding solutions that correspond to optimal collaborations of interacting agents. We address this problem by biasing a cooperative CEA in such a way that the fitness of an individual is based partly on the result of interactions with other individuals (as is usual), and partly on an estimate of the best possible reward for that individual if partnered with its optimal collaborator. We justify this idea using existing theoretical models of a relevant subclass of CEAs, demonstrate how to apply biasing in a way that is robust with respect to parameterization, and provide some experimental evidence to validate the biasing approach. We show that it is possible to bias coevolutionary methods to better search for optimal multiagent behaviors. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Panait, L (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM lpanait@cs.gmu.edu; sean@cs.gmu.edu; paul@tesseract.org NR 62 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1089-778X EI 1941-0026 J9 IEEE T EVOLUT COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 10 IS 6 BP 629 EP 645 DI 10.1109/TEVC.2006.880330 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 115RL UT WOS:000242751400001 ER PT J AU Cameron, WL Rais, H AF Cameron, William L. Rais, Houra TI Conservative polarimetric scatterers and their role in incorrect extensions of the Cameron decomposition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE coherent decomposition; conservative; inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR); polarimetry; polarization; symmetric scatterer; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID CRASHED AIRCRAFT; SAR; SEARCH; RESCUE; RADAR; IMAGERY AB The properties of conservative symmetric polarimetric scatterer scattering matrices are examined. It is shown that the unambiguous rotation angle for "conservative" symmetric polarimetric scatterers is the interval (-pi/4, +pi/4] as compared with (-pi/2, +pi/2] for nonconservative symmetric scatterers. Errors relating to the Cameron decomposition, which are recently introduced into the literature, are discussed. It is demonstrated that these errors arise from a faulty symmetric scatterer scattering matrix distance measure. This, in turn, leads to an improper mapping of the symmetric scatterer unit disk to a hemisphere. The correct mapping of the symmetric scatterer unit disk to the symmetric scatterer unit sphere is described. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Cameron, WL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM houra.rais@navy.mil NR 44 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2006 VL 44 IS 12 BP 3506 EP 3516 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.879115 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 110PL UT WOS:000242390700004 ER PT J AU McKinney, JD Lin, IS Weiner, AM AF McKinney, Jason D. Lin, Ingrid S. Weiner, Andrew M. TI Shaping the power spectrum of ultra-wideband radio-frequency signals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE RF photonics; spectral engineering; ultra-wideband (UWB) signal generation ID WAVE-FORM GENERATOR; PULSE AB We demonstrate the ability to tailor the power spectrum of ultra-wideband (UWB) RF waveforms via a photonics-based electromagnetic pulse shaper. We describe and experimentally demonstrate a waveform design methodology that allows us to achieve desirable power spectrum properties, such as broad bandwidth and minimal spectral ripple. As one example, we generate a 115% fractional-bandwidth impulsive waveform which spans the 3-10-GHz band, with ripple below +/- 1.5 dB over a 5-GHz band. Furthermore, by treating the RF spectral phase as a design parameter, we demonstrate how to achieve increased power spectral density. We illustrate the spectral design capabilities of our technique by presenting a variety of tailored UWB waveforms (including impulses, chirped signals, and arbitrary waveforms) with bandwidths that range from similar to 4 to 8 GHz. C1 USN, Res Lab, SFA Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP McKinney, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, SFA Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jason.mckinney@nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 54 IS 12 BP 4247 EP 4255 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2006.885573 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 118NL UT WOS:000242948900027 ER PT J AU Buchner, S McMorrow, D AF Buchner, Stephen McMorrow, Dale TI Single-event transients in bipolar linear integrated circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heavy ions; linear circuits; pulsed laser; single-event transients (SETs) ID PULSED-LASER; OPERATIONAL-AMPLIFIER; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; HEAVY-ION; UPSET; SEU; COMPARATORS; PROTON; VALIDATION; DESIGNS AB Single-event transients (SETs) in linear integrated circuits have caused anomalies in a number of spacecraft. The consequences of these anomalies have spurred efforts to better understand SETS, including the mechanisms responsible for their generation, the best approaches for testing, how data should be analyzed and presented, and approaches for mitigation. C1 QSS Grp Inc, Lanham, MD 20772 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Buchner, S (reprint author), QSS Grp Inc, Lanham, MD 20772 USA. EM sbuchner@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov; mcmorrow@ccs.url.navy.mil NR 46 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 53 IS 6 BP 3079 EP 3102 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.882497 PN 1 PG 24 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 121RJ UT WOS:000243174400007 ER PT J AU Ramachandran, V Narasimham, B Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Holman, WT Witulski, AE Pease, RL Dunham, GW Seiler, JE Platteter, DG AF Ramachandran, V. Narasimham, B. Fleetwood, D. M. Schrimpf, R. D. Holman, W. T. Witulski, A. E. Pease, R. L. Dunham, G. W. Seiler, J. E. Platteter, D. G. TI Modeling total-dose effects for a low-dropout voltage regulator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE enhanced low-dose-rate sensitivity; IC radiation; response; linear bipolar ICs; modeling and simulation; radiation-induced leakage; voltage regulator ID RATE SENSITIVITY; TRANSISTORS AB Total ionizing dose effects in a low-dropout voltage regulator are explained based on experimental data and circuit simulations. Transistor gain degradation is shown to be the dominant cause of the circuit degradation at lower dose rates. In addition, collector-to-emitter leakage current in one of the NPN transistors of the bandgap reference part of the circuit is responsible for increasing the postirradiation output voltage at high dose rates. Parametric changes in the bandgap, differential amplifier, and output pass transistor circuit blocks are identified that are responsible for various aspects of the observed circuit degradation. The different annealing characteristics of oxide-trap and interface-trap charge are responsible for the complex postirradiation recovery of the output voltage. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Inst Space & Def Elect, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Ramachandran, V (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM vishwa.ramachandran@vanderbilt.edu; arthur.witulski@vanderbilt.edu; rpease@rlpresearch.com; gdunham@atd.crane.navy.mil RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 10 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 53 IS 6 BP 3223 EP 3231 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.885377 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 121RJ UT WOS:000243174400023 ER PT J AU Sutton, AK Krithivasan, R Marshall, PW Carts, MA Seidleck, C Ladbury, R Cressler, JD Marshall, CJ Currie, S Reed, RA Niu, GF Randall, B Fritz, K McMorrow, D Gilbert, B AF Sutton, Akil K. Krithivasan, Ramkumar Marshall, Paul W. Carts, Martin A. Seidleck, Christina Ladbury, Ray Cressler, John D. Marshall, Cheryl J. Currie, Steve Reed, Robert A. Niu, Guofu Randall, Barbara Fritz, Karl McMorrow, Dale Gilbert, Barry TI SEU error signature analysis of Gbit/s SiGe logic circuits using a pulsed laser microprobe SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE built-in self-test; circuit level hardening; high-speed bit-error rate testing; pulsed laser testing; silicon-germanium (SiGe); single-event effects (SEU) ID SHIFT REGISTERS; HEAVY-ION; TRANSISTORS; RATES AB We present, for the first time, an analysis of the error signatures captured during pulsed laser microprobe testing of high-speed digital SiGe logic circuits. 127-bit shift. registers, configured using various circuit level latch hardening schemes and incorporated into the circuit for radiation effects self test serve as the primary test vehicle. Our results indicate significant variations in the observed upset rate as a function of strike location and latch architecture. Error information gathered on the sensitive transistor nodes within the latches and characteristic upset durations agree well with recently reported heavy-ion microprobe data. These results support the growing credibility in using pulsed laser testing as a lower-cost alternative to heavy-ion microprobe analysis of sensitive device and circuit nodes, as well as demonstrate the efficiency of the autonomous detection and error approach for high speed bit-error rate testing. Implications for SEU hardening in SiGe are addressed and circuit-level and device-level Radiation Hardening By Design recommendations are made. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. Muniz Engn Inc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sutton, AK (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. EM asutton@ece.gatech.edu RI Krithivasan, Ramkumar/D-3549-2011 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 53 IS 6 BP 3277 EP 3284 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.886232 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 121RJ UT WOS:000243174400031 ER PT J AU Liu, S Boden, M Girdhar, DA Titus, JL AF Liu, Sandra Boden, Milton Girdhar, Dev Alok Titus, Jeffrey L. TI Single-event burnout and avalanche characteristics of power DMOSFETs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE avalanche simulations; buffer layer; heavy ion beam; MOSFET; power DMOSFET; quasi-stationary; R6; SEB; single-event burnout ID SIMULATION; MOSFETS AB Analyses of quasi-stationary avalanche simulations on radiation-hardened power MOSFETs suggest that the single-event burnout (SEB) failure is determined by the device's avalanche characteristics and confirm SEB failure mechanism is due to the turn-on of parasitic bipolar transistor. The heavy ion beam is only acting as a trigger. Simulation results on various 600 V and 250 V radiation-hardened power MOSFETs from International Rectifier are compared to an extensive set of single event effect test results and prove quasi-stationary avalanche simulation is capable of evaluating and predicting SEB susceptibility. C1 Int Rectifier Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Liu, S (reprint author), Int Rectifier Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. EM sliu1@irf.com; mboden1@irf.com; dalok1@irf.com; jtitus@atd.crane.navy.mil NR 11 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 53 IS 6 BP 3379 EP 3385 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.884971 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 121RJ UT WOS:000243174400045 ER PT J AU Krithivasan, R Marshall, PW Nayeem, M Sutton, AK Kuo, WM Haugerud, BM Najafizadeh, L Cressler, JD Carts, MA Marshall, CJ Hansen, DL Jobe, KCM McKay, AL Niu, GF Reed, R Randall, BA Burfield, CA Lindberg, MD Gilbert, BK Daniel, ES AF Krithivasan, Ramkumar Marshall, Paul W. Nayeem, Mustayeen Sutton, Akil K. Kuo, Wei-Min Haugerud, Becca M. Najafizadeh, Laleh Cressler, John D. Carts, Martin A. Marshall, Cheryl J. Hansen, David L. Jobe, Kay-Carol M. McKay, Anthony L. Niu, Guofu Reed, Robert Randall, Barbara A. Burfield, Charles A. Lindberg, Mary Daun Gilbert, Barry K. Daniel, Erik S. TI Application of RHBD techniques to SEU hardening of third-generation SiGe HBT logic circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE current mode logic (CML); heavy ion; heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT); radiation hardening by design (RHBD); shift register; silicon-germanium (SiGe); single-event upset (SEU); triple-module redundancy (TMR) ID SHIFT REGISTERS; DIGITAL LOGIC; HEAVY-ION; SPEED; TRANSISTORS; TECHNOLOGY; F(T) AB Shift registers featuring radiation-hardening-by-design (RHBD) techniques are realized in IBM 8HP SiGe BiCMOS technology. Both circuit and device-level RHBD techniques are employed to improve the overall SEU immunity of the shift registers. Circuit-level RHBD techniques include dual-interleaving and gated-feedback that achieve SEU mitigation through local latch-level redundancy and correction. In addition, register-level RHBD based on triple-module redundancy (TMR) versions of dual-interleaved and gated-feedback cell shift registers is also realized to gauge the performance improvement offered by TMR. At the device-level, RHBD C-B-E SiGe HBTs with single collector and base contacts and significantly smaller deep trench-enclosed area than standard C-B-E-B-C devices with dual collector and base contacts are used to reduce the upset sensitive area. The SEU performance of these shift registers was then tested using heavy ions and standard bit-error testing methods. The results obtained are compared to the unhardened standard shift register designed with CBEBC SiGe HBTs. The RHBD-enhanced shift registers perform significantly better than the unhardened circuit, with the TMR technique proving very effective in achieving significant SEU immunity. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NASA, NRL, Brookneal, VA 24528 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Boeing Space & Intelligence Syst, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Rochester, MN 55901 USA. RP Krithivasan, R (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM ramkumar@ece.gatech.edu RI Krithivasan, Ramkumar/D-3549-2011 NR 14 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 53 IS 6 BP 3400 EP 3407 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.885379 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 121RJ UT WOS:000243174400048 ER PT J AU Benedetto, JM Eaton, PH Mavis, DG Gadlage, M Turflinger, T AF Benedetto, J. M. Eaton, P. H. Mavis, D. G. Gadlage, M. Turflinger, T. TI Digital single event transient trends with technology node scaling SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE error rate; heavy ion; radiation effects; single event effects; single event transient; single event upset; transient propagation; transient pulse width ID LOGIC; MICROCIRCUITS; PROPAGATION AB We have measured the single-event-transient (SET) width as a function of cross-section over three CMOS bulk/epitaxial technology nodes (0.25, 0.18 and 0.13 mu m) using an identically scaled programmable-delay temporal-latch technique. Both the maximum width of the SET pulse and the cross-section are shown to depend primarily on the supply voltage, with a substantial increase in transient width and cross-section with lower operating potentials. C1 Micro RDC, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Benedetto, JM (reprint author), Micro RDC, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. NR 14 TC 62 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 53 IS 6 BP 3462 EP 3465 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.886044 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 121RJ UT WOS:000243174400057 ER PT J AU Gadlage, MJ Eaton, PH Benedetto, JM Carts, M Zhu, V Turflinger, TL AF Gadlage, Matthew J. Eaton, Paul H. Benedetto, Joseph M. Carts, Marty Zhu, Vivian Turflinger, Thomas L. TI Digital device error rate trends in advanced CMOS technologies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heavy ion; ion radiation effects; single-event upset (SEU) ID SINGLE-EVENT TRANSIENTS; HEAVY-ION; LOGIC; MICROELECTRONICS AB In this paper, data are presented from test chips in four technology nodes. With this data, the trends in single event effects as feature sizes shrink are studied. Some of the trends discussed include upset thresholds, shrinking cross sections, multiple bit upsets, and per bit error rate trends. Also included in this paper is some of the first ever heavy ion data from a 65 nm CMOS technology. With data from the 250 nm, 180 run, 90 nm, and 65 nm technology nodes, the past, present, and future of what the radiation effects community has dealt with and will be dealing with when it comes to single event effects is presented. C1 NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. Microelect Res & Dev Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. ATK Mission Res, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Texas Instruments Inc, Dallas, TX 75266 USA. RP Gadlage, MJ (reprint author), NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. EM gadlage_m@atd.crane.navy.mil; paul.eaton@micro-rdc.com; joeb@atk.com; mcarts@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov; vivi@ti.com NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 53 IS 6 BP 3466 EP 3471 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.886212 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 121RJ UT WOS:000243174400058 ER PT J AU Baze, MP Wert, J Clement, JW Hubert, MG Witulski, A Amusan, OA Massengill, L McMorrow, D AF Baze, M. P. Wert, J. Clement, J. W. Hubert, M. G. Witulski, A. Amusan, O. A. Massengill, L. McMorrow, D. TI Propagating SET characterization technique for digital CMOS libraries SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE asynchronous; combinational logic; dissipation; linear energy transfer (LET); propagation; single event transient (SET) ID SINGLE-EVENT TRANSIENTS; CHARGE-COLLECTION; GAAS-MESFETS; HEAVY-ION; COMBINATIONAL LOGIC; DEPENDENCE; UPSET AB A circuit architecture based on simple logic gates is described which uses small chip areas and low speed testing to characterize single event transients for digital applications. Utility of this architecture is demonstrated with heavy ion data on a 130 nm library. C1 Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Inst Space & Def elect, Nashville, TN 37253 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Baze, MP (reprint author), Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. EM mark.p.baze@boeing.com; mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 53 IS 6 BP 3472 EP 3478 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.884969 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 121RJ UT WOS:000243174400059 ER PT J AU Liu, MS Liu, HY Brewster, N Nelson, D Golke, KW Kirchner, G Hughes, HL Campbell, A Ziegler, JF AF Liu, Michael S. Liu, Harry Y. Brewster, Nancy Nelson, Dave Golke, Keith W. Kirchner, Gary Hughes, Harold L. Campbell, Arthur Ziegler, James F. TI Limiting upset cross sections of SEU hardened SOISRAMs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SEU; SOI; SRAM; upset mechanism ID NUCLEAR-REACTIONS; PREDICTION; SPECTRA; SRAM AB This paper discusses the practical limits of proton and heavy ion induced single event upset cross sections in SEU hardened deep submicron SOI SRAMs. Non-conventional "double-hie' mechanisms are hypothesized to explain test results. C1 Honeywell Def & Space Elect Syst, Plymouth, MN 55441 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, MS (reprint author), Honeywell Def & Space Elect Syst, Plymouth, MN 55441 USA. EM mike.liu@honeywell.com; harry.liu@honeywell.com; nancy.brewster@honeywell.com; dave.nelson@honeywell.com; keith.golke@honeywell.com; gary.kirchner@honeywell.com; hughes@estd.nrl.navy.mil; campbell@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; Ziegler@srim.org NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 53 IS 6 BP 3487 EP 3493 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.886216 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 121RJ UT WOS:000243174400061 ER PT J AU Liu, HY Liu, MS Hughes, HL AF Liu, Harry Y. Liu, Michael S. Hughes, Harold L. TI Proton induced single event upset in 6 T SOISRAMs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heavy ion; proton; single event upset; upset cross section ID LATCHUP; SPECTRA AB This paper presents a method to estimate the saturated proton upset cross section for 6 T SOI SRAM cells from layout and technology parameters. The calculated proton upset cross section based on this method is in good agreement with test results for our 6 T SOI SRAM cells processed using 0.15 and 0.35 mu m technologies. C1 Honeywell Def & Space Syst, Plymouth, MN 55441 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, HY (reprint author), Honeywell Def & Space Syst, Plymouth, MN 55441 USA. EM harry.liu@Honeywell.com; mike.liu@Honeywell.com NR 13 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 53 IS 6 BP 3502 EP 3505 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.886218 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 121RJ UT WOS:000243174400063 ER PT J AU Chen, XJ Barnaby, HJ Schrimpf, RD Fleetwood, DM Pease, RL Platteter, DG Dunham, GW AF Chen, X. J. Barnaby, H. J. Schrimpf, R. D. Fleetwood, D. M. Pease, R. L. Platteter, D. G. Dunham, G. W. TI Nature of interface defect buildup in gated bipolar devices under low dose rate irradiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bipolar junction transistors; border traps; charge pumping; ELDRS; interface traps ID BORDER TRAPS; MOS DEVICES; RATE SENSITIVITY; SI-SIO2 INTERFACE; GAIN DEGRADATION; OXIDE TRAPS; 1/F NOISE; TRANSISTORS AB The buildup of radiation-induced switching states in ELDRS-sensitive bipolar-base oxides is measured with dc current-voltage and charge pumping techniques. These states include both Faster interface traps (P-b) centers) and slower border traps. After rradiation, border traps and interface traps mostly decrease with annealing time and temperature in devices irradiated at 0 V. However, for devices irradiated at -50 V, there is a decrease in border rap density but an increase in interface trap density. These differences in interface-trap buildup-and annealing are attributed to the dependence of defect passivation and depassivation on the concenrations of hydrogen and dangling Si bond defects near the Si/SiO2 interface. C1 Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Chen, XJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 28 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 53 IS 6 BP 3649 EP 3654 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.885375 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 121RJ UT WOS:000243174400086 ER PT J AU Messenger, SR Burke, EA Walters, RJ Warner, JH Summers, GP Morton, TL AF Messenger, Scott R. Burke, Edward A. Walters, Robert J. Warner, Jeffrey H. Summers, Geoffrey P. Morton, Thomas L. TI Effect of omnidirectional proton irradiation on shielded solar cells SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE displacement damage; nonionizing energy loss; radiation effects; solar cells ID INDUCED DISPLACEMENT DAMAGE; DEVICES; SPACE; SILICON AB An analysis of the effects of low energy proton irradiation on the electrical performance of triple junction (3J) InGaP2/GaAs/Ge solar cells is presented. The Monte Carlo ion transport code SRIM is used to simulate the damage profile induced in a 3J solar cell under the conditions of typical ground testing and that of the onmidirectional space environment. The results are used to present a quantitative analysis of the defect, and hence damage, distribution induced in the cell active region by the different radiation conditions. The modeling results show that, in the space environment where the incident radiation is onmidirectional, the solar cell will experience a uniform damage distribution through the active region of the cell. The cases of directional spectrum irradiation and onmidirectional irradiation through very thin shielding are also considered. Through an application of the displacement damage dose analysis methodology, the implications of this result on mission performance predictions are investigated. C1 SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. RP Messenger, SR (reprint author), SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM messenger@nrl.navy.mil; edaburke@rcn.com; rwalters@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; Jeffrey.Warner@nrl.navy.mil; gsummers@umbc.edu; ThomasMorton@oai.org NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 53 IS 6 BP 3771 EP 3778 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.886220 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 121RJ UT WOS:000243174400105 ER PT J AU Schumer, JW Ottinger, PF Olson, CL AF Schumer, Joseph W. Ottinger, Paul F. Olson, Craig L. TI Power flow in a magnetically insulated recyclable transmission line for a z-pinch-driven inertial-confinement-fusion energy system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron emission; energy system; inertial confinement fusion; ion emission; magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL); particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation; power flow; z-pinch ID IN-CELL SIMULATIONS; ELECTRON FLOW; DIODES; PLASMA; IMPEDANCE; FIELD; TRANSPORT; VACUUM AB Power flow in a recyclable transmission line (RTL) for a z-pinch-driven inertial-confinement fusion energy (IFE) system is studied. In a magnetically insulated transmission line, plasma forms by explosive emission on the cathode but emission from the anode does not occur. However, in an RTL, the large linear current density that flows in the electrodes at small radius near the load resistively heats the anode surface, leading to anode plasma formation and ion emission. If the impedance of the RTL is too small, large ion current losses can occur and large electron flow currents can be launched into the z-pinch load region. If only the boundary current drives the z-pinch load, then these large electron flow currents can introduce a polarity effect with more bound current in the anode than the cathode. While being mindful of the IFE system requirement to maintain a small RTL inductance, these problems are avoided by choosing the line impedance at the load end of the RTL to be well above the effective impedance of the imploding load. In this case, the ion current losses are tolerable and the electron flow current is negligibly small. For the present baseline design with a peak current of 60 MA driving a 100-ns implosion, these power flow constraints require a gap of order 2 mm or more at the load end of the RTL. C1 USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schumer, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM schumer@nrl.navy.mil; ottinger@suzie.nrl.navy.mil RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013 NR 44 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2652 EP 2668 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.887768 PN 2 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 118DU UT WOS:000242923200015 ER PT J AU Yun, XP Bachmann, ER AF Yun, Xiaoping Bachmann, Eric R. TI Design, implementation, and experimental results of a quaternion-based Kalman filter for human body motion tracking SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY APR 18-22, 2005 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE inertial sensors; Kalman filtering; magnetic sensors; motion measurement; orientation tracking; pose estimation; quaternions; virtual reality ID ACCELEROMETER; ORIENTATION; SYSTEM AB Real-time tracking of human body motion is an important technology in synthetic environments, robotics, and other human-computer interaction applications. This paper presents an extended Kalman filter designed for real-time estimation of the orientation of human limb segments. The filter processes data from small inertial/magnetic sensor modules containing triaxial angular rate sensors, accelerometers, and magnetometers. The filter represents rotation using quaternions rather than Enter angles or axis/angle pairs. Preprocessing of the acceleration and magnetometer measurements using the Quest algorithm produces a computed quaternion input for the filter. This preprocessing reduces the dimension of the state vector and makes the measurement equations linear. Real-time implementation and testing results of the quaternion-based Kalman filter are presented. Experimental results validate the filter design, and show the feasibility of using inertial/magnetic sensor modules for real-time human body motion tracking. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Syst Anal, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Yun, XP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM yun@ieee.org NR 34 TC 201 Z9 213 U1 5 U2 29 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1552-3098 EI 1941-0468 J9 IEEE T ROBOT JI IEEE Trans. Robot. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1216 EP 1227 DI 10.1109/TRO.2006.886270 PG 12 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 116PR UT WOS:000242815300011 ER PT J AU Nagayama, S Sasao, T Butler, JT AF Nagayama, Shinobu Sasao, Tsutomu Butler, Jon T. TI Compact numerical function generators based on quadratic approximation: Architecture and synthesis method SO IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE LUT cascades; 2nd-order Chebyshev approximation; non-uniform segmentation; NFGs; automatic synthesis; FPGA ID HETEROGENEOUS MDDS AB This paper presents an architecture and a synthesis method for compact numerical function generators (NFGs) for trigonometric, logarithmic, square root, reciprocal, and combinations of these functions. Our NFG partitions a given domain of the function into non-uniform segments using an LUT cascade, and approximates the given function by a quadratic polynomial for each segment. Thus, we can implement fast and compact NFGs for a wide range of functions. Experimental results show that: 1) our NFGs require, on average, only 4% of the memory needed by NFGs based on the linear approximation with non-uniform segmentation; 2) our NFG for 2(x) - 1 requires only 22% of the memory needed by the NFG based on a 5th-order approximation with uniform segmentation; and 3) our NFGs achieve about 70% of the throughput of the existing table-based NFGs using only a few percent of the memory. Thus, our NFGs can be implemented with more compact FPGAs than needed for the existing NFGs. Our automatic synthesis system generates such compact NFGs quickly. C1 Hiroshima City Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Hiroshima 7313194, Japan. Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Sci, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nagayama, S (reprint author), Hiroshima City Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Hiroshima 7313194, Japan. EM nagayama@ieee.org; sasao@cse.kyutech.ac.jp; jon_butler@msn.com NR 22 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG PI TOKYO PA KIKAI-SHINKO-KAIKAN BLDG, 3-5-8, SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105-0011, JAPAN SN 0916-8508 EI 1745-1337 J9 IEICE T FUND ELECTR JI IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL E89A IS 12 BP 3510 EP 3518 DI 10.1093/ietfec/e89-a.12.3510 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 117MZ UT WOS:000242878600017 ER PT J AU Olsen, EA AF Olsen, EA TI The new American militarism: How Americans are seduced by war SO INDEPENDENT REVIEW-A JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Olsen, EA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDEPENDENT INSTITUTE PI OAKKLAND PA 100 SWAN WAY, OAKKLAND, CA 94621 USA SN 1086-1653 J9 INDEP REV JI Indep. Rev. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 10 IS 3 BP 440 EP 442 PG 3 WC Economics; Political Science SC Business & Economics; Government & Law GA 990QO UT WOS:000233758500013 ER PT J AU Romano, J Holm, E McClellan-Green, P Rittschof, D AF Romano, J. Holm, E. McClellan-Green, P. Rittschof, D. TI Population- and family-level variability in toxicity of copper pyrithione to the barnacle, Balanus amphitrite SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Duke Univ, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Marine Lab, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jar21@duke.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E120 EP E120 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100479 ER PT J AU Owen, G Lindner, I Feld, SL Grofman, B Ray, L AF Owen, Guillermo Lindner, Ines Feld, Scott L. Grofman, Bernard Ray, Leonard TI A simple "market value" bargaining model for weighted voting games: characterization and limit theorems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GAME THEORY LA English DT Article DE voting; game theory; market values; bargaining ID POWER INDEXES AB We offer a bargaining model for weighted voting games that is a close relative of the nucleolus and the kernel. We look for a set of weights that preserves winning coalitions that has the property of minimizing the difference between the weight of the smallest and the weight of the largest Minimum Winning Coalition. We claim that such a set of weights provides an a priori measure of a weighted voter's bribeworthiness or market value. After introducing our model, we provide a characterization result for this model and show its links to other bargaining model approaches in the literature. Then we offer some limit results showing that, with certain reasonable conditions on the distributions of weights, as the size of the voting body increases, the values of bribeworthiness we calculate will approach both the weights themselves and the Banzhaf scores for the weighted voting game. We also show that, even for relatively small groups using weighted voting, such as the membership of the European Council of Ministers (and its predecessors) 1958-2003, similarities among the usual a priori power scores, bribeworthiness/market value, and the weights themselves, will be quite strong. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Utrecht, Dept Econ, Utrecht, Netherlands. Purdue Univ, Dept Sociol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Polit Sci, Irvine, CA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Polit Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Owen, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM gowen@nps.edu RI Lindner, Ines/C-8728-2014 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU PHYSICA-VERLAG GMBH & CO PI HEIDELBERG PA PO BOX 10 52 80, 69042 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0020-7276 J9 INT J GAME THEORY JI Int. J. Game Theory PD DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 111 EP 128 DI 10.1007/s00182-006-0055-0 PG 18 WC Economics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Business & Economics; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 117PB UT WOS:000242884100006 ER PT J AU Nechitailo, NV Lewis, KB AF Nechitailo, N. V. Lewis, K. B. TI Critical velocity for rails in hypervelocity launchers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS 2005) CY OCT 09-13, 2005 CL Lake Tahoe, CA DE hypervelocity launcher; critical velocity; resonant dynamics; analytical models; finite elements ID TIMOSHENKO BEAM; MOVING LOAD; MOVEMENT; WAVES AB This paper is related to the dynamic and strength analysis and optimized design of hypervelocity electromagnetic launchers. Projectile motion along the rails at critical velocity is associated with damaging resonant regimes. These regimes reveal increased displacements and stress that can lead to failure of a launcher. To calculate critical velocity and to visualize dynamic deformations of the launcher we have developed two alternative approaches utilizing analytical and finite element models. The first approach employs a closed form analytical solution for critical velocity that is based on the Bernoulli-Euler model of a beam resting on an elastic foundation and subjected to a moving load. The critical velocity is expressed as a function of geometric and material parameters of the rail and equivalent stiffness of the supporting structure. The stiffness of the supporting structure is found from a 2D finite element model. In the second approach, we employed beam finite element and 3D solid finite element models to visualize and measure the "natural" and "forced" bending waves traveling along the rails. These approaches helped to better understand the transient resonant dynamic processes and offered insight on how to alter the launching device materials and geometry to reduce the critical-velocity effects. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Nechitailo, NV (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Code G-24,17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM nechitailonv@nswc.navy.mil NR 16 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 33 IS 1-12 BP 485 EP 495 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2006.09.077 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 128PF UT WOS:000243669400052 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Manthena, C AF Kwon, Y. W. Manthena, C. TI Homogenization technique of discrete atoms into smeared continuum SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE homogenization; atomic model; continuum model; carbon nanotube; vibration; static analysis ID CARBON NANOTUBES; MECHANICS; MODEL AB A homogenization technique was developed and presented to replace a discrete atomic domain by an equivalent continuum domain that could be discretized into finite elements. Equivalent material properties of the smeared continuum domain were computed from the atomic model. Using the developed technique, a computationally efficient analysis could be performed for a large size of domain by proper mixture of a discrete atomic region and a smeared continuum region. In addition, this technique provided a means for multi-scale analysis. Examples for static and dynamic analyses were provided to demonstrate the technique. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Energy Proc, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ywkwon@nps.edu NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7403 J9 INT J MECH SCI JI Int. J. Mech. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 48 IS 12 BP 1352 EP 1359 DI 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2006.07.014 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 112EY UT WOS:000242509700003 ER PT J AU Miller, SD Haddock, SHD Elvidge, CD Lee, TF AF Miller, S. D. Haddock, S. H. D. Elvidge, C. D. Lee, T. F. TI Twenty thousand leagues over the seas: the first satellite perspective on bioluminescent 'milky seas' SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL BIOLUMINESCENCE; LUMINOUS BACTERIA; OCEAN; PRODUCTIVITY; SYSTEM AB Maritime folklore is replete with accounts of the nighttime ocean surface producing an intense glow likened to a cloudbank or snowfield for as far Lis the eye can see. While scientists have postulated bioluminescence as being the cause for these so-called 'milky seas', their full explanation remains a mystery due to the inherent difficulties of obtaining in situ measurements of events in progress. Presented here are details pertaining to the first satellite-based detection of a milky sea-an area of the Indian Ocean roughly 300 km long by 50 km wide was observed to glow over three nights. These findings, confirmed by surface reports, reveal all unanticipated application of low-light satellite sensors, and provide a new means toward understanding the formation, scale, and ecological role of these extraordinary and poorly understood phenomena. C1 Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93493 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Miller, SD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93493 USA. EM miller@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009 NR 38 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 27 IS 23-24 BP 5131 EP 5143 DI 10.1080/01431160600554298 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 135VP UT WOS:000244182300001 ER PT J AU Kim, J Esposito, JM Kumar, V AF Kim, Jongwoo Esposito, Joel M. Kumar, Vijay TI Sampling-based algorithm for testing and validating robot controllers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Robotics - Science and Systems CY JUN, 2005 CL Cambridge, MA DE sampling-based algorithm; motion planning; testing; validation ID HYBRID SYSTEMS; COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES; REACHABILITY ANALYSIS; VERIFICATION; APPROXIMATIONS AB The problem of testing complex reactive control systems and validating the effectiveness of multi-agent controllers is addressed. Testing and validation involve searching for conditions that lead to system failure by exploring all adversarial inputs and disturbances for errant trajectories. This problem of testing is related to motion planning. In both cases, there is a goal or specification set consisting of a set of points in state space that is of interest, either for finding a plan, demonstrating failure or for validation. Unlike motion planning problems, the problem of testing generally involves systems that are not controllable with respect to disturbances or adversarial inputs and therefore, the reachable set of states is a small subset of the entire state space. In this work, sampling-based algorithms based on the Rapidly-exploring Random Trees (RRT) algorithm are applied to the testing and validation problem. First, some of the factors that govern the exploration rate of the RRT algorithm are analysed, this analysis serving to motivate some enhancements. Then, three modifications to the original RRT algorithm are proposed, suited for use on uncontrollable systems. First, a new distance function is introduced which incorporates information about the system's dynamics to select nodes for extension. Second, a weighting is introduced to penalize nodes which are repeatedly selected but fail to extend. Third, a scheme for adaptively modifying the sampling probability distribution is proposed, based on tree growth. Application of the algorithm is demonstrated using several examples, and computational statistics are provided to illustrate the effect of each modification. The final algorithm is demonstrated on a 25 state example and results in nearly an order of magnitude reduction in computation time when compared with the traditional RRT. The proposed algorithms are also applicable to motion planning for systems that are not small time locally controllable. C1 Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM jwk@grasp.cis.upenn.edu; esposito@usna.edu; kumar@grasp.cis.upenn.edu NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0278-3649 EI 1741-3176 J9 INT J ROBOT RES JI Int. J. Robot. Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1257 EP 1272 DI 10.1177/0278364906072513 PG 16 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 116KW UT WOS:000242802800007 ER PT J AU Truett, AA Crum, NF Crowe, SM AF Truett, April A. Crum, Nancy F. Crowe, Suzanne M. TI Cyto-Chex BCT, not Cyto-Chex, should be used for preservation of CD4 cell counts - In reply SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Macfarlane Burnet Inst Med Res & Publ Hlth, AIDS Pathogenesis & Clin Res Program, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Truett, AA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 4 BP 504 EP 504 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000242459.28145.e1 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 106VH UT WOS:000242129600022 ER PT J AU Lauridsen, EM Dey, SR Fonda, RW Jensen, DJ AF Lauridsen, E. M. Dey, S. R. Fonda, R. W. Jensen, D. Juul TI Nondestructive approaches for 3-D materials characterization SO JOM LA English DT Article ID GRAIN NUCLEATION; BULK GRAINS; POLYCRYSTALS; GROWTH; RECRYSTALLIZATION; MICROSTRUCTURES; ALUMINUM; POWDERS; BEAM; MAPS AB Three-dimensional (3-D) microstructural characterization has proven to be indispensable for the thorough understanding of the often highly complex microstructures studied in materials science. However, most 3-D characterization techniques of opaque materials such as metals and ceramics are destructive and therefore prohibit 3-D studies of the dynamic microstructural evolution processes. In this paper we describe two complimentary techniques capable of nondestructive 3-D characterization and provide examples of the application of these techniques to investigate microstructural evolution processes in metallic systems. C1 Metal Struct Four Dimensions, Ctr Fundamental Res, Riso Natl Lab, Roskilde, Denmark. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Lauridsen, EM (reprint author), Metal Struct Four Dimensions, Ctr Fundamental Res, Riso Natl Lab, Roskilde, Denmark. EM erik.mejdal@risoe.dk OI Juul Jensen, Dorte/0000-0001-5096-6602; Lauridsen, Erik/0000-0002-4923-8373 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD DEC PY 2006 VL 58 IS 12 BP 40 EP 44 DI 10.1007/BF02748494 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 115AE UT WOS:000242706000008 ER PT J AU Lewis, AC Suh, C Stukowski, M Geltmacher, AB Spanos, G Rajan, K AF Lewis, A. C. Suh, C. Stukowski, M. Geltmacher, A. B. Spanos, G. Rajan, K. TI Quantitative analysis and feature recognition in 3-D microstructural data sets SO JOM LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSION; LOSSLESS; ELEMENTS C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA USA. RP Lewis, AC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Branch Code 6350, Washington, DC USA. EM alexis.lewis@nri.navy.mil RI Suh, Changwon/N-1297-2014; Albe, Karsten/F-1139-2011 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD DEC PY 2006 VL 58 IS 12 BP 52 EP 56 DI 10.1007/BF02748496 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 115AE UT WOS:000242706000010 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, JW AF Hutchinson, Jeffrey W. TI Evaluating risk-taking behaviors of youth in military families SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE adolescent; adolescent behavior; military personnel; privacy; questionnaires; risk-taking ID CHILDREN AB This study assessed risk-taking behavior in a unique adolescent population: family members of active and retired military personnel. Significantly fewer adolescents in our group engaged in at-risk behaviors compared with national statistics, demonstrating the need for further research. (c) 2006 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Hutchinson, JW (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM hutch.w.hutchinson@us.army.mil NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD DEC PY 2006 VL 39 IS 6 BP 927 EP 928 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.05.015 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 110EC UT WOS:000242360100020 PM 17116529 ER PT J AU Lu, CZ Xie, XS Zhu, XD Wang, DF Khan, A Diagne, I Mohammad, SN AF Lu, Changzhi Xie, Xuesong Zhu, Xiudian Wang, Dongfeng Khan, Arif Diagne, Ibrahima Mohammad, S. Noor TI High-temperature electrical transport in AlxGa1-xN/GaN modulation doped field-effect transistors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ALLOYED OHMIC CONTACTS; DESIGN PRINCIPLES; ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; N-GAN; MICROWAVE PERFORMANCE; MECHANISMS; MODFETS; CHARGE AB High-temperature electrical transports in AlGaN/GaN modulation doped field-effect transistors (MODFETs) grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition method have been studied experimentally. The MODFETs have a channel length of 1.5 mu m and a gate width of 40 mu m. The influence of pinchoff voltage, gate voltage, and source-drain voltage on the electrical transports has been addressed. The role of polarization and piezoelectric effect and the fundamental physics underlying leakage have also been elucidated. The maximum drain-source current is 525 mA/mm at a gate bias of 2 V, source-drain bias of 4 V, and temperature of 300 K. The highest room temperature extrinsic transconductance is 155 mS/mm. The breakdown voltage is about 100 V at 28 and 78 degrees C. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Beijing Univ Technol, Dept Elect Informat & Control Engn, Beijing 100022, Peoples R China. Electrocom Corp, Potomac, MD 20859 USA. Howard Univ, Mat Sci Res Ctr Excellence, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mohammad, SN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM snmohammad2002@yahoo.com NR 31 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 11 AR 113729 DI 10.1063/1.2372569 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 117QG UT WOS:000242887400099 ER PT J AU Lambert, EW AF Lambert, Edward W. TI Implant-specific patient identification cards SO JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY LA English DT Article DE implant; manufacturer arthroplasty; identification card; components ID TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY; TOTAL HIP-ARTHROPLASTY; ACETABULAR COMPONENTS; PATELLAR COMPONENT; REVISION; FATE AB When planning for a revision arthroplasty, one of the most important parts of preoperative planning is determining what components are currently in place. This information is crucial. The previous operative report is not always available, and when it is, it does not always contain the appropriate information concerning components. This problem can easily be prevented by providing every patient who has an arthroplasty with an implant-specific patient identification card at the time of surgery as described in this article. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Lambert, EW (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE INC MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PI PHILADELPHIA PA CURTIS CENTER, INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0883-5403 J9 J ARTHROPLASTY JI J. Arthroplast. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1203 EP 1205 DI 10.1016/j.arth.2006.06.016 PG 3 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 121VM UT WOS:000243185100019 PM 17162183 ER PT J AU Bacher, JM Metzgar, D de Crecy-Lagard, V AF Bacher, Jamie M. Metzgar, David de Crecy-Lagard, Valrie TI Rapid evolution of diminished transformability in Acinetobacter baylyi SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI POPULATIONS; SP. STRAIN BD413; NATURAL TRANSFORMATION; COMPETENCE GENE; BACTERIAL TRANSFORMATION; 20,000 GENERATIONS; YEAST POPULATIONS; MOLECULAR DRIVE; SP ADP1; SEX AB The reason for genetic exchange remains a crucial question in evolutionary biology. Acinetobacter baylyi strain ADP1 is a highly competent and recombinogenic bacterium. We compared the parallel evolution of wild-type and engineered noncompetent lineages of A. baylyi in the laboratory. If transformability were to result in an evolutionary benefit, it was expected that competent lineages would adapt more rapidly than noncompetent lineages. Instead, regardless of competency, lineages adapted to the same extent under several laboratory conditions. Furthermore, competent lineages repeatedly evolved a much lower level of transformability. The loss of competency may be due to a selective advantage or the irreversible transfer of loss-of-function alleles of genes required for transformation within the competent population. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Bacher, JM (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, 10550 N torrey Pines Rd,BCC-379, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jbacher@scripps.edu; vcrecy@ufl.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM023562, GM23562] NR 47 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 188 IS 24 BP 8534 EP 8542 DI 10.1128/JB.00846-06 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 116JH UT WOS:000242798100025 PM 17028281 ER PT J AU Looney, R AF Looney, Robert TI Economic consequences of conflict: The rise of Iraq's informal economy SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT MIT Workshop on the Politics of Reconstructing Iraq CY APR 04, 2005 CL Cambridge, MA SP MIT C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Looney, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM relooney@nps.edu NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMICS PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV TENNESSEE, KNOXVILLE, DEPT OF ECONOMICS, KNOXVILLE, TN 37996-0550 USA SN 0021-3624 J9 J ECON ISSUES JI J. Econ. Issues PD DEC PY 2006 VL 40 IS 4 BP 991 EP 1007 PG 17 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 113YB UT WOS:000242632800008 ER PT J AU Weitzman, RA AF Weitzman, R. A. TI Population-sample regression in the estimation of population proportions SO JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian estimation; errors of estimate and measurement; estimation of proportions; preference surveys; regression effect; shrinkage coefficients ID EMPIRICAL BAYES INFERENCE AB Focusing on a single sample obtained randomly with replacement from a single population, this article examines the regression of population oil sample proportions and develops an unbiased estimator of the square of the correlation between them. This estimator turns out to be the regression coefficient. Use of the squared-correlation estimator as a shrinkage coefficient applied to sample proportions in a Bayesian context results in credibility intervals that are narrower, sometimes considerably narrower, than conventional confidence intervals. On illustrative data involving 285 respondents who selected one of two optional responses, the 95% credibility interval was 33% narrower than the corresponding conventional confidence interval, while the regression or shrinkage effect, which decreases with increasing sample size, was about +/- 0.02. In a review of prior work, this article also shows that shrinkage coefficients, applied to multisample means as well as single-sample proportions, correspond generally to estimators of squared population-sample correlations. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Weitzman, RA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rweitzman@nps.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1076-9986 J9 J EDUC BEHAV STAT JI J. Educ. Behav. Stat. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 31 IS 4 BP 413 EP 430 DI 10.3102/10769986031004413 PG 18 WC Education & Educational Research; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Psychology, Mathematical SC Education & Educational Research; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Psychology GA 166KG UT WOS:000246377000003 ER PT J AU Chang, WT Bellotti, JA Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM AF Chang, Wontae Bellotti, Jeffrey A. Kirchoefer, Steven W. Pond, Jeffrey M. TI Strain tensor effects on SrTiO3 incipient ferroelectric phase transition SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROCERAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Electroceramics (ICE-2005) CY JUN 12-16, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA DE SrTiO3; microwave dielectric properties; tunable microwave applications; film strain ID TUNABLE MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; PERMITTIVITY; TEMPERATURES; CERAMICS AB Structural distortion of ferroelectric thin films caused by film strain has a strong impact on the microwave dielectric properties. SrTiO3 thin films epitaxially grown on (110) DyScO3 substrates using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) are extremely strained (i.e., similar to 1% in-plane tensional strain) from 3.905 angstrom of bulk SrTiO3. The room temperature dielectric constant and its tuning of the films are observed to be 6000 and 75% with an electric field of 1 V/mu m, respectively. The control of strain in SrTiO3 provides a basis for room temperature tunable microwave applications by elevating its phase transition peak to room temperature. Also, a significant in-plane anisotropy in dielectric constant and tuning was observed in these SrTiO3 films. The observed in-plane anisotropic dielectric properties have been interpreted based on the phenomenological thermodynamics of film strain. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chang, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chang@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-3449 J9 J ELECTROCERAM JI J. Electroceram. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 17 IS 2-4 BP 487 EP 494 DI 10.1007/s10832-006-9337-y PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 127UA UT WOS:000243610600068 ER PT J AU Auge, BK Santa-Cruz, RW Polascik, TJ AF Auge, Brian K. Santa-Cruz, Robert W. Polascik, Thomas J. TI Effect of freeze time during renal cryoablation: A swine model SO JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th World Congress on Endourology and Shockwave Lithotrips/18th Basic Research Symposium CY SEP, 2002 CL Genoa, ITALY ID PERCUTANEOUS CRYOABLATION; PORCINE MODEL; CRYOSURGERY; CRYOTHERAPY; PARAMETERS; ABLATION; KIDNEY; INJURY; TUMORS AB Background and Purpose: Cryotherapy provides a minimally invasive treatment for small renal tumors via an open, percutaneous, or laparoscopic approach. We sought to determine the most appropriate duration of freezing and the number of probes necessary to produce cell death without concomitant morbidity. Materials and Methods: Nine domestic female pigs were divided into three groups of three animals each. Each group underwent a single freeze cycle with a commercially available cryotherapy device with 3.4-mm probes: group I for 5 minutes, group 2 for 10 minutes, and group 3 for 15 minutes. The right kidney was treated with a single probe, the left with a double probe. Animals were permitted to survive for an average of 4.8 days (range 4-7 days), after which the kidneys were harvested. A single pathologist examined the kidneys for gross and histologic changes. Evidence of complications (fistula, bleeding, bowel injury) was documented at the time of necropsy. Results: For group 1, the temperature obtained with a single probe 5, 10, 15, and 20 mm from the probe was -57 degrees C, 3 degrees C, 25 degrees C, and 33 degrees C, respectively; for group 2 -85 degrees C, -37 degrees C, -2 degrees C, and 25 degrees C; and for group 3 -10 degrees C, -45 degrees C, -20 degrees C, and 6 degrees C. For group 1, the temperature obtained with a double probe at 5, 10, 15, and 20 turn from each probe was -65 degrees C, 0 degrees C, 20 degrees C, and 30 degrees C, respectively; for group 2 -72 degrees C, -25 degrees C, 5 degrees C, 25 degrees C; and for Group 3 - 82 degrees C, -30 degrees C, -12 degrees C, 13 degrees C. Complete necrosis was seen 5 mm from the cryoprobe within each group, but only in groups 2 and 3 did necrosis extend 10 mm or beyond the proges when utilizing either single or double probes. The maximum diameter of consistent necrosis was 35 to 40 mm in the animals in group 3 treated with a double probe. Bleeding and renal fracture were the two most common complications. Conclusions: A 5-minute freeze appears to be inadequate to cause tissue necrosis and is associated with excessive bleeding at the time of the procedure, whereas the 15-minute freeze produces consistent necrosis but is associated with renal fracture. In this animal model, the 10-minute freeze with the single or double probe configuration appears optimal to produce necrosis without complications. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Urol, Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Polascik, TJ (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Urol, Dept Surg, Box 2804 Yellow Zone, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM polas001@mc.duke.edu NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0892-7790 J9 J ENDOUROL JI J. Endourol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1101 EP 1105 DI 10.1089/end.2006.20.1101 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 123AN UT WOS:000243268800025 PM 17206911 ER PT J AU Ngundi, MM Shriver-Lake, LC Moore, MH Ligler, FS Taitt, CR AF Ngundi, Miriam M. Shriver-Lake, Lisa C. Moore, Martin H. Ligler, Frances S. Taitt, Chris R. TI Multiplexed detection of mycotoxins in foods with a regenerable array SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID OCHRATOXIN-A; BIOSENSOR; DEOXYNIVALENOL; IMMUNOASSAY; WHEAT; IMMUNOSENSOR; FLUORESCENCE; ANTIBODIES AB The occurrence of different mycotoxins in cereal products calls for the development of a rapid, sensitive, and reliable detection method that is capable of analyzing samples for multiple toxins simultaneously. In this study, we report the development and application of a multiplexed competitive assay for the simultaneous detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) in spiked barley, cornmeal, and wheat, as well as in naturally contaminated maize samples. Fluoroimmunoassays were performed with the Naval Research Laboratory array biosensor, by both a manual and an automated version of the system. This system employs evanescent-wave fluorescence excitation to probe binding events as they occur on the surface of a waveguide. Methanolic extracts of the samples were diluted threefold with buffer containing a mixture of fluorescent antibodies and were then passed over the arrays of mycotoxins immobilized on a waveguide. Fluorescent signals of the surface-bound antibody-antigen complexes decreased with increasing concentrations of free mycotoxins in the extract. After sample analysis was completed, surfaces were regenerated with 6 M guanidine hydrochloride in 50 mM glycine, pH 2.0. The limits of detection determined by the manual biosensor system were as follows: 1, 180, and 65 ng/g for DON and 1, 60, and 85 ng/g for OTA in cornmeal, wheat, and barley, respectively. The limits of detection in cornmeal determined with the automated array biosensor were 15 and 150 ng/g for OTA and DON, respectively. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM crtaitt@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 69 IS 12 BP 3047 EP 3051 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 113RW UT WOS:000242616000035 PM 17186679 ER PT J AU Emmert, JT Hernandez, G Jarvis, MJ Niciejewski, RJ Sipler, DP Vennerstrom, S AF Emmert, J. T. Hernandez, G. Jarvis, M. J. Niciejewski, R. J. Sipler, D. P. Vennerstrom, S. TI Climatologies of nighttime upper thermospheric winds measured by ground-based Fabry-Perot interferometers during geomagnetically quiet conditions: 2. High-latitude circulation and interplanetary magnetic field dependence SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLAR THERMOSPHERE; Y-COMPONENT; DYNAMICS EXPLORER-2; NEUTRAL CIRCULATION; NORTHWARD IMF; CAP; SIGNATURES; DIRECTION; SUBSTORM; MOTIONS AB We analyze upper thermospheric (similar to 250 km) nighttime horizontal neutral wind patterns, during geomagnetically quiet (Kp < 3) conditions, over the following locations: South Pole (90 degrees S), Halley (76 degrees S, 27 degrees W), Millstone Hill (43 degrees N, 72 degrees W), Sondre Stromfjord (67 degrees N, 51 degrees W), and Thule (77 degrees N, 68 degrees W). We examine the wind patterns as a function of magnetic local time and latitude, solar cycle, day of year, and the dawn-dusk and north-south components of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF B-y and B-z). In magnetic coordinates, the quiet time high-latitude wind patterns are dominated by antisunward flow over the polar cap, with wind speeds that generally increase with increasing solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiation. The winds are generally stronger during equinox than during winter, particularly over the South Pole in the direction of eastern longitudes. IMF By exerts a strong influence on the wind patterns, particularly in the midnight sector. During winter, By positive winds around midnight in the northern ( southern) hemisphere are directed more toward the dusk (dawn) sector, compared to corresponding By negative winds; this behavior is consistent with the By-dependence of statistical ionospheric convection patterns. The strength of the wind response to By tends to increase with increasing solar EUV irradiation, roughly in proportion to the increased wind speeds. Quiet time By effects are detectable at latitudes as low as that of Millstone Hill ( magnetic latitude 53 degrees N). Quiet time Bz effects are negligible except over the magnetic polar cap station of Thule. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. Danish Natl Space Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. RP Emmert, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7643,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.emmert@nrl.navy.mil OI Hernandez, Gonzalo/0000-0003-4245-8696 NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A12 AR A12303 DI 10.1029/2006JA011949 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 115PT UT WOS:000242746900007 ER PT J AU Emmert, JT Faivre, ML Hernandez, G Jarvis, MJ Meriwether, JW Niciejewski, RJ Sipler, DP Tepley, CA AF Emmert, J. T. Faivre, M. L. Hernandez, G. Jarvis, M. J. Meriwether, J. W. Niciejewski, R. J. Sipler, D. P. Tepley, C. A. TI Climatologies of nighttime upper thermospheric winds measured by ground-based Fabry-Perot interferometers during geomagnetically quiet conditions: 1. Local time, latitudinal, seasonal, and solar cycle dependence SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; MILLSTONE HILL; NEUTRAL WINDS; F-REGION; EQUATORIAL THERMOSPHERE; OPTICAL OBSERVATIONS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; POLAR-CAP; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURES AB We analyze ground-based Fabry-Perot interferometer observations of upper thermospheric (similar to 250 km) horizontal neutral winds derived from Doppler shifts in the 630.0 nm ( red line) nightglow. The winds were measured over the following locations: South Pole (90 degrees S), Halley (76 degrees S, 27 degrees W), Arequipa (17S, 72 degrees W), Arecibo (18 degrees N, 67 degrees W), Millstone Hill (43 degrees N, 72 degrees W), Sondre Stromfjord (67 degrees N, 51 degrees W), and Thule (77 degrees N, 68 degrees W). We derive climatological quiet time (Kp < 3) wind patterns as a function of local time, solar cycle, day of year, and the interplanetary magnetic field ( IMF), and provide parameterized representations of these patterns. At the high-latitude stations, and at Arequipa near the geomagnetic equator, wind speeds tend to increase with increasing solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance. Over Millstone Hill and Arecibo, solar EUV has a negative effect on wind magnitudes. As represented by the 10.7 cm radio flux proxy, the solar EUV dependence of the winds at all latitudes is characterized by a saturation or weakening of the effect above moderate values (F-10.7 > 150). The seasonal dependence of the winds is generally annual, but there are isolated cases in which a semiannual variation is observed. Within the austral winter, winds measured from the South Pole show a substantial intraseasonal variation only along longitudes directed toward the magnetic pole. IMF effects are described in a companion paper. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kinard Lab 312, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. Cornell Univ, Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. RP Emmert, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7643,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.emmert@nrl.navy.mil OI Hernandez, Gonzalo/0000-0003-4245-8696 NR 50 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A12 AR A12302 DI 10.1029/2006JA011948 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 115PT UT WOS:000242746900006 ER PT J AU Brodsky, M Frigo, NJ Boroditsky, M Tur, M AF Brodsky, Misha Frigo, Nicholas J. Boroditsky, Misha Tur, Moshe TI Polarization mode dispersion of installed fibers SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE communication systems; optical fiber communication; optical fiber dispersion; optical fiber polarization ID OPTICAL-FIBERS; TIME EVOLUTION; 1ST-ORDER PMD; STATISTICS; OUTAGE; DGD; AUTOCORRELATION; PERFORMANCE; DEPENDENCE; PENALTY AB Polarization mode dispersion (PMD), a potentially limiting impairment in high-speed long-distance fiber-optic communication systems, refers to the distortion of propagating optical pulses due to random birefringences in an optical system. Because these perturbations (which can be introduced through manufacturing imperfections, cabling stresses, installation procedures, and environmental sensitivities of fiber and other in-line components) are unknowable and continually changing, PMD is unique among optical impairments. This makes PMD both a fascinating research subject and potentially one of the most challenging technical obstacles for future optoelectronic transmission. Mitigation and compensation techniques, proper emulation, and accurate prediction of PMD-induced outage probabilities critically depend on the understanding and modeling of the statistics of PMD in installed links. Using extensive data on buried fibers used in long-haul highspeed links, the authors discuss the proposition that most of the temporal PMD changes that are observed in installed routes arise primarily from a relatively small number of "hot spots" along the route that are exposed to the ambient environment, whereas the buried shielded sections remain largely stable for month-long time periods. It follows that the temporal variations of the differential group delay for any given channel constitute a distinct statistical distribution with its own channel-specific mean value. The impact of these observations on outage statistics is analyzed, and the implications for future optoelectronic fiber-based transmission are discussed. C1 AT&T Labs Res, Middletown, NJ 07748 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Stat Arbitrage Grp, Jersey City, NJ 07310 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Brodsky, M (reprint author), AT&T Labs Res, Middletown, NJ 07748 USA. NR 67 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 24 IS 12 BP 4584 EP 4599 DI 10.1109/JLT.2006.885781 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 131RW UT WOS:000243888600012 ER PT J AU Seeds, AJ Williams, KJ AF Seeds, Alwyn J. Williams, Keith J. TI Microwave photonics SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE beam forming; microwave photonics; modulators; optical fiber; optical signal processing; phased array; photodetectors; semiconductor lasers ID PHASE-LOCKED-LOOP; OPTICAL-INJECTION LOCKING; TRUE-TIME-DELAY; TRAVELING-CARRIER PHOTODIODE; FREQUENCY COMB GENERATOR; GAIN-BANDWIDTH PRODUCT; I-N PHOTODIODE; OPTOELECTRONIC MIXER; FIBEROPTIC LINK; LASER-DIODES AB The low-loss wide bandwidth capability of opto-electronic systems makes them attractive for the transmission and processing of microwave signals, while the development of high-capacity optical communication systems has required the use of microwave techniques in optical transmitters and receivers. These two strands have led to the development of the research area of microwave photonics. This paper reviews the development status of microwave photonic devices, describes their systems applications, and suggests some likely areas for future development. C1 UCL, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, London WC1E 7JE, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seeds, AJ (reprint author), UCL, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, London WC1E 7JE, England. EM a.seeds@ee.ucl.ac.uk; keith.williams@nrl.navy.mil NR 154 TC 413 Z9 433 U1 17 U2 143 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 EI 1558-2213 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 24 IS 12 BP 4628 EP 4641 DI 10.1109/JLT.2006.885787 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 131RW UT WOS:000243888600015 ER PT J AU O'Shea, TJ Poche, LB AF O'Shea, Thomas J. Poche, Lynn B., Jr. TI Aspects of underwater sound communication in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE communication; Florida; manatees; Sirenia; Trichechus manatus latirostris; vocalizations ID WEST-INDIAN MANATEES; ACOUSTIC DETECTION; VOCALIZATIONS; CALLS; INUNGUIS; BEHAVIOR; SIRENIA; CAPTURE AB We recorded underwater vocalizations of captive and wild Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) to assess variability in acoustic structure of their sounds and to test hypotheses regarding the importance of specific acoustic traits in individual distinctiveness and in certain behavioral contexts. Manatees use vocalizations to maintain contact when in groups. The highest rates of vocalizing occur during antiphonal calling between females and calves. Vocalizations are complex, single-note calls with multiple harmonics, frequency modulations, nonharmonically related overtones, and other nonlinear elements. We measured 6 acoustic variables and found that individuals varied significantly in fundamental frequency, emphasized band, frequency range, and call contour (the overall pattern of complexity in frequency modulation). These traits did not vary within individuals on different dates or when manatees were alarmed and fleeing. Individual fundamental frequencies ranged from 1.75 to 3.90 kHz, and were negatively correlated with body size. Little sound energy occurred above 18 kHz in 502 call notes of 6 captive manatees sampled with a recording oscilloscope. Presence of harmonics and call duration differed by date and manatees emitted longer calls when fleeing disturbance. Call duration varied from 118 to 643 ms (geometric mean = 271 ms, 95% confidence limits = 264, 279 ms) in a sample of 479 vocalizations we recorded from 14 individuals. The maximum call duration recorded over the entire study was 900 ms. Females and calves responded only to each others' vocalizations when rejoining a group after brief separations, strongly suggesting individual recognition by sound. Structural complexity in the calls of manatees is similar to that in other sirenians, and may reflect their auditory capabilities and the unique physical properties of sound in shallow water. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Naval Res Lab, Underwater Sound Reference Detachment, Orlando, FL 32856 USA. RP O'Shea, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C Fort Collins, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tom_o'shea@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 32 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1061 EP 1071 DI 10.1644/06-MAMM-A-066R1.1 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 123TO UT WOS:000243318900001 ER PT J AU Short, AC Rogers, SJ Magann, EF Rieg, TS Shapiro, A Morrison, JC AF Short, Amy C. Rogers, Stacey J. Magann, Everett F. Rieg, Thomas S. Shapiro, Alan Morrison, John C. TI The 80-hour workweek restriction: How are OB/GYN resident procedure numbers affected? SO JOURNAL OF MATERNAL-FETAL & NEONATAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE 80-hour week; residency; obstetrics cases; gynecological cases ID SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; PERFORMANCE; GYNECOLOGY; PHYSICIANS; OBSTETRICS; PREGNANCY; SCHEDULES; ALERTNESS; ROTATION; OUTCOMES AB Objective. To evaluate the surgical caseload in a military obstetrics and gynecology residency program, prior to and after implementation of an 80-hour workweek. Methods. A retrospective cohort study evaluating data submitted to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) for cumulative resident procedures in obstetrics and gynecology for the years before ( July 2001 - June 2002) and after ( July 2002 - June 2003) 80-hour workweek implementation. Total obstetric and gynecology procedures were examined using both the Student's paired t-test and a two-way mixed factor analysis of variance. Results. Between July 2001 and June 2002 there were 822 gynecological cases and 3958 deliveries done by 17 OB/GYN residents; these were compared with 827 cases and 3504 deliveries done by 18 OB/GYN residents between July 2002 and June 2003 ( p = 0.189). The total numbers of obstetric and gynecology cases pre- and post-80-hour workweek intervention were similar when evaluated by month ( July through June of 2001/2 vs. 2002/3; p = 0.908). There was a significantly greater number of obstetrics cases compared with gynecological cases (p<0.001) in the pre- vs. post-80-hour workweek groups; the number of gynecological cases remained constant in the post-80-hour workweek group while the obstetric numbers dropped ( p = 0.001). Conclusion. The 80-hour workweek restriction resulted in similar total numbers of obstetrics and gynecology cases, although the total number of obstetric cases per resident declined after implementation. C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Morrison, JC (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM jmorrison@ob-gyn.umsmed.edu NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1476-7058 J9 J MATERN-FETAL NEO M JI J. Matern.-Fetal Neonatal Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 19 IS 12 BP 791 EP 796 DI 10.1080/14767050601023277 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 131NR UT WOS:000243876600005 ER PT J AU Shelton, LJ White, CE Felt, SA AF Shelton, L. J., Jr. White, C. E. Felt, S. A. TI A comparison of non-contact, subcutaneous, and rectal temperatures in captive owl monkeys (Aotus sp.) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE infrared; thermometry; transponder ID BODY-TEMPERATURE; MICE AB Background Three methods of body temperature measurement were compared in owl monkeys: non-contact infrared thermometry, subcutaneous transponder, and rectal probe. Methods Forty owl monkeys (Aotus sp.) were used. Animals were implanted with subcutaneous microchip transponders. Infrared thermometry was used at three different sites. All measurements were taken and repeated randomly. Results Infrared and subcutaneous measurements did not agree well with rectal thermometry. Subcutaneous and rectal temperatures were highly repeatable, and subcutaneous temperatures were most agreeable to rectal temperatures. Conclusions Further investigation is needed into subcutaneous implant sites and use of different infrared thermometers in this species. C1 USN, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Res Ctr, Div Vet Med,NMRC, Silver Spring, MD 20912 USA. RP Shelton, LJ (reprint author), USN, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Res Ctr, Div Vet Med,NMRC, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20912 USA. EM larry.shelton1@us.army.mil NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 346 EP 351 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2006.00159.x PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 101JI UT WOS:000241736700004 PM 17214662 ER PT J AU Smith, B Smith, TC Ryan, MAK Gray, GC AF Smith, Besa Smith, Tyler C. Ryan, Margaret A.K. Gray, Gregory C. TI Comparison of the postdeployment hospitalization experience of U.S. military personnel following service in the 1991 Gulf War, southwest Asia after the Gulf War, and Bosnia SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE combat disorders; hospitalization; military medicine; Persian Gulf syndrome; veterans ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; SELF-REPORTED SYMPTOMS; AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS; DESERT-STORM; UNEXPLAINED ILLNESSES; AUSTRALIAN VETERANS; EXTREME STRESS AB Much attention has been given to the impact of deployment on the health of veterans from the 1991 Gulf War. Whereas increases in self-reported symptoms have been common, no specific exposures have been implicated. Some have suggested that stress from deployment is the chief cause for multisymptom conditions among Gulf War veterans, but comparisons with the health of other recent deployers have not been made. We sought to examine the impact of several large military deployments on hospitalization experience. Hospitalization records were examined for all active duty personnel deployed exclusively to the Gulf War, Southwest Asia after the Gulf War, or Bosnia. Cox's hazard modeling was used to assess time until first post-deployment hospitalization, separation from active duty, or December 31, 2000, whichever occurred first, while controlling for influential covariates and temporal changes. Personnel deployed to Southwest Asia after the 1991 Gulf War were at a slight increased risk for any-cause hospitalization and for 3 of the 14 major diagnostic categories when compared with veterans of the 1991 Gulf War. Personnel deployed to Bosnia were at a decreased risk for any-cause hospitalization and 12 of the 14 major diagnostic categories when compared with Gulf War veterans. These findings do not fully explain the complexity of postdeployment health experiences. Although the risk for hospitalization may be associated with regional deployment, it is unlikely that Gulf War veterans are at greater risk of hospitalization due to a specific exposure-related disease. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Smith, B (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM besa@nhrc.navy.mil NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 3 IS 12 BP 660 EP 670 DI 10.1080/15459620601003212 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 096AL UT WOS:000241349300004 PM 17133689 ER PT J AU Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Shaw, LB Florea, CM Pureza, P Nguyen, VQ Kung, F Aggarwal, ID AF Sanghera, J. S. Aggarwal, I. D. Shaw, L. B. Florea, C. M. Pureza, P. Nguyen, V. Q. Kung, F. Aggarwal, I. D. TI Nonlinear properties of chalcogenide glass fibers SO JOURNAL OF OPTOELECTRONICS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE chalcogenide glass; optical fibers; nonlinear properties ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-FIBERS; GAIN; GENERATION; LASER AB Chalcogenide glasses have demonstrated high third-order Kerr (chi((3))) nonlinearities up to 1000x higher than silica glass which make them attractive for applications such as nonlinear switching, optical regeneration, Raman amplification, parametric amplification, and supercontinuum generation. Poling of chalcogenide glasses to induce an effective second order (chi((2))) nonlinearity has also been demonstrated and opens the possibility for the use of poled glass waveguides for applications such as frequency conversion or electro-optic modulation. Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) has also been investigated in As2S3 and As2Se3 single-mode fibers. The threshold intensity for the stimulated Brillouin scattering process was measured and used to estimate the Brillouin gain coefficient. Preliminary results indicate record high values for the figure of merit and theoretical gain, compared to silica, which bodes well for slow-light based applications in chalcogenide fibers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. UMD Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Florea, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 13 PU NATL INST OPTOELECTRONICS PI BUCHAREST-MAGURELE PA 1 ATOMISTILOR ST, PO BOX MG-5, BUCHAREST-MAGURELE 76900, ROMANIA SN 1454-4164 J9 J OPTOELECTRON ADV M JI J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 8 IS 6 BP 2148 EP 2155 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 113AA UT WOS:000242568300034 ER PT J AU Ayyub, BM Kaminskiy, M Alman, PR Engle, A Campbell, BL Thomas, WL AF Ayyub, Bilal M. Kaminskiy, Mark Alman, Phil R. Engle, Allen Campbell, Bradley L. Thomas, William L., III TI Assessing the probability of the dynamic capsizing of vessels SO JOURNAL OF SHIP RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SPECTRA; SHIPS AB Current naval vessel design requirements for reduced signature may drive industry toward unconventional hull forms, such as the tumblehome, for some vessels. There is a critical need to develop a system-based approach to intact and damaged dynamic capsize assessment that addresses risk identification and mitigation strategies, such as design methodologies, onboard "smart systems" for operator guidance, real-time seaway monitoring for critical conditions, monitoring extreme seaway ship handling trainers, and probability-based tools for risk assessment. Development of a system-based approach will also improve ship safety and allow the development of unconventional ship designs that rely on a variety of systems, including inherent design characteristics for minimizing intact and damaged dynamic capsize risk. Availability of new intact and damaged dynamic capsize design methods and risk mitigation technologies will benefit both industry and the US Navy by breaking through the barrier of empirical methodologies for stability assessment currently in use. In this paper, an innovative method for computing the probability of dynamic capsizing of vessels is provided. The computation can be based on numerical simulation data or experimental data. In this paper, the method is illustrated using numerical simulation data applied to a hypothetical vessel. The suggested method utilizes the time to capsizing as a primary random variable for assessing the resulting time-dependent probability. The method utilizes models from reliability analysis based on life data, including the Kaplan-Meier technique, and would enable engineers to,examine the run duration of tests, plan future tests including test repetition needs, and interpolate and predict capsizing probabilities under operational conditions that are not tested. In addition, the method could offer a basis for developing a system-based approach to assessing intact and damaged stability, navigation guidance procedures, and future risk-based navigation systems that include the initial design of hull forms, navigation procedures including human factors, and stability criteria. The method developed in this paper is presented using numerical simulation results for one vessel for the purpose of illustration. The illustration of the method starts with computing the time-dependent capsizing probabilities under various operational conditions of speed, heading, and random wave characteristics, called operational cells. Then probability distributions were fitted to the data and used for prediction purposes to gain additional insights, make observations, and draw conclusions for additional work. The case study results also produced recommendations for future work. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Technol & Syst Management, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Naval Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC USA. Carderock Div Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. USCG Engn Logist Ctr, Naval Architecture Branch, US Coast Guard, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Ayyub, BM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Technol & Syst Management, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0022-4502 J9 J SHIP RES JI J. Ship Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 50 IS 4 BP 289 EP 310 PG 22 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 118DM UT WOS:000242922300001 ER PT J AU Noblesse, F Hendrix, D Faul, L Slutsky, J AF Noblesse, Francis Hendrix, Dane Faul, Lisa Slutsky, Jonathan TI Simple analytical expressions for the height, location, and steepness of a ship bow wave SO JOURNAL OF SHIP RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Dimensional analysis and other fundamental theoretical considerations (thin-ship limit, shallow-draft and deep-draft limits) are used, with bow-wave measurements for six wedge-shaped hull forms, to obtain simple analytical expressions that explicitly define the height, location, and steepness of the bow wave generated by a ship in terms of the ship speed, draft, and waterline entrance angle. These simple analytical expressions are in excellent agreement with the available experimental measurements for six wedge-shaped hull forms. Good agreement is also obtained for other ship-bow forms, especially if a simple procedure-illustrated for the Wigley hull and the Series 60 model-is used to define an effective ship draft and an effective waterline entrance angle. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Noblesse, F (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, David Taylor Model Basin, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 5 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0022-4502 J9 J SHIP RES JI J. Ship Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 50 IS 4 BP 360 EP 370 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 118DM UT WOS:000242922300006 ER PT J AU Erickson, A Goldstein, L AF Erickson, Andrew Goldstein, Lyle TI Hoping for the best, preparing for the worst: China's response to US hegemony SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Chinese military; US defense policy; hegemony; US-China relations AB In the post-Cold War strategic environment, Beijing could plausibly have opted for Soviet-style geostrategic competition with Washington, but it has not. Chinese leaders have not thus far, and almost certainly will never, amass thousands of nuclear weapons on hair-trigger alert or deploy significant forces to a network of bases spanning the globe. Nevertheless, the below assessment of China's increasing hard and soft power yields the conclusion that a Chinese challenge to US hegemony cannot be ruled out. The United States must prudently maintain military forces appropriate to facing a potential peer competitor. At the same time, however, Washington must engage in a process of creative diplomacy that simultaneously matches China's soft power and engages seriously with Beijing to create areas of consensus and cooperation. C1 USN, War Coll, Strateg Res Dept, Newport, RI USA. RP Erickson, A (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Strateg Res Dept, Newport, RI USA. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 29 IS 6 BP 955 EP 986 DI 10.1080/01402390601016436 PG 32 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 128OF UT WOS:000243666500001 ER PT J AU Traves, WN AF Traves, William N. TI Differential operators on orbifolds SO JOURNAL OF SYMBOLIC COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE differential operators; Grobner bases; Molien series; Rynolds operator ID REDUCTIVE GROUPS; COHEN-MACAULAY; FINITE-GROUPS; INVARIANTS; RINGS AB An algorithm is presented that computes explicit generators for the ring of differential operators on an orbifold, the quotient of a complex vector space by a finite group action. The algorithm also describes the relations among these generators. The algorithm presented in this paper is based on Schwarz's study of a map carrying invariant operators to operators on the orbifold and on an algorithm to compute rings of invariants using Grobner bases due to Derksen [Derksen, Harm, 1999. Computation of invariants for reductive groups. Adv. Math. 141 (2), 366-384]. It is also possible to avoid using Derksen's algorithm, instead relying on the Reynolds operator and the Molien series. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 USN, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Traves, WN (reprint author), USN, Dept Math, Mail Stop 9E, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM traves@usna.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0747-7171 J9 J SYMB COMPUT JI J. Symb. Comput. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1295 EP 1308 DI 10.1016/j.jsc.2006.08.001 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 115PY UT WOS:000242747400001 ER PT J AU McDonald, BE AF McDonald, B. Edward TI Stability of self-similar plane shocks with Hertzian nonlinearity SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WAVES; FRONTS AB The nonlinear progressive wave equation [McDonald and Kuperman, J. Acoust. -Soc. Am. 81, 1406-1417 (1987)] is expressed in a form to accommodate Hertzian nonlinearity of order n=3/2 typical of granular media. Stability of self-similar plane weak shocks against perturbations in three dimensions is demonstrated for arbitrary order nonlinearity with 1 < n < 3. Investigation of stability in the presence of Hertzian nonlinearity is motivated by the nonlinearity coefficient being arbitrarily large in the unstressed state. Energy in the perturbation field is shown to fall off, at least as fast as 1/t, while energy in the self-similar wave falls off slower than 1/t. For an initial wave profile increasing in the direction of propagation, it is shown that where the quadratic nonlinearity coefficient diverges, the slope of the wave goes to zero. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McDonald, BE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 120 IS 6 BP 3503 EP 3508 DI 10.1121/1.2363946 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 118RM UT WOS:000242959400007 PM 17225380 ER PT J AU Outing, DA Siegmann, WL Collins, MD Westwood, EK AF Outing, Donald A. Siegmann, William L. Collins, Michael D. Westwood, Evan K. TI Generalization of the rotated parabolic equation to variable slopes SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WAVE-PROPAGATION; SHALLOW-WATER; ELASTIC MEDIA; ENERGY-CONSERVATION; SLOPING INTERFACES; OCEAN; ACOUSTICS; GUIDES AB The rotated parabolic equation [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 87, 1035-1037 (1990)] is generalized to problems involving ocean-sediment interfaces of variable slope. The approach is based on approximating a variable slope in terms of a series of constant slope regions. The original rotated parabolic equation algorithm is used to march the field through each region. An interpolation-extrapolation approach is used to generate a starting field at the beginning of each region beyond the one containing the source. For the elastic case, a series of operators is applied to rotate the dependent variable vector along with the coordinate system. The variable rotated parabolic equation should provide accurate solutions to a large class of range-dependent seismo-acoustics problems. For the fluid case, the accuracy of the approach is confirmed through comparisons with reference solutions. For the elastic case, variable rotated parabolic equation solutions are compared with energy-conserving and mapping solutions. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Texas, Appl Res Labs, Austin, TX 78713 USA. RP Outing, DA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 120 IS 6 BP 3534 EP 3538 DI 10.1121/1.2372590 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 118RM UT WOS:000242959400011 PM 17225384 ER PT J AU Tang, X Tappert, FD Creamer, DB AF Tang, Xin Tappert, F. D. Creamer, Dennis B. TI Simulations of large acoustic scintillations in the Straits of Florida SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NORMAL MODE AMPLITUDES; INTERNAL-WAVE-FIELD; PULSE-PROPAGATION; SOUND-PROPAGATION; RANDOM-MEDIA; RANDOM OCEAN; STATISTICS AB Using a full-wave acoustic model, Monte Carlo numerical studies of intensity fluctuations in a realistic shallow water environment that simulates the Straits of Florida, including internal wave fluctuations and bottom roughness, have been performed. Results show that the sound intensity at distant receivers scintillates dramatically. The acoustic scintillation index SI increases rapidly with propagation range and is significantly greater than unity at ranges beyond about 10 km. This result supports a theoretical prediction by one of the authors. Statistical analyses show that the distribution of intensity of the random wave field saturates to the expected Rayleigh distribution with SI= 1 at short range due to multipath interference effects, and then SI continues to increase to large values. This effect, which is denoted supersaturation, is universal at long ranges in waveguides having lossy boundaries (where there is differential mode attenuation). The intensity distribution approaches a log -normal distribution to an excellent approximation; it may not be a universal distribution and comparison is also made to a K distribution. The long tails of the log-normal distribution cause "acoustic intermittency" in which very high, but rare, intensities occur. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Appl Marine Phys, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Creamer, DB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5580, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM creamer@ait.nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 120 IS 6 BP 3539 EP 3552 DI 10.1121/1.2372446 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 118RM UT WOS:000242959400012 PM 17225385 ER PT J AU Buchanan, JL AF Buchanan, James L. TI A comparison of broadband models for sand sediments SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WATER-SATURATED SAND; GAS-BEARING SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; WAVE-PROPAGATION; FREQUENCY RANGE; BIOT PARAMETERS; ELASTIC WAVES; POROUS-MEDIA; ATTENUATION; ACOUSTICS AB Chotiros and Isakson [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116(4), 2011-2022 (2004)] recently proposed an extension of the Biot-Stoll model for poroelastic sediments that makes predictions for compressional wave speed and attenuation, which are in much better accord with the experimental measurements of these quantities extant in the literature than either those of the conventional Biot-Stoll model or the rival model of Buckingham [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 108(6), 2796-2815 (2000)]. Using a local minimizer, the Nelder-Mead simplex method, it is shown that there are generally at least two choices of the Chotiros-Isakson parameters which produce good agreement with experimental measurements. Since one postulate of the Chotiros-Isakson model is that, due to the presence of air bubbles in the pore space, the pore fluid compressibility is greater than that of water, an alternative model based on a conjecture by Biot [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34(5), 1254-1264 (1962)], air bubble resonance, is considered. While this model does as well or better than the Chotiros-Isakson model in predicting measured values of wave speed and attenuation, the Rayleigh-Plesset theory of bubble oscillation casts doubt on its plausibility as a general explanation of large dispersion of velocity with respect to frequency. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Buchanan, JL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 120 IS 6 BP 3584 EP 3598 DI 10.1121/1.2357709 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 118RM UT WOS:000242959400015 PM 17225388 ER PT J AU DiPerna, DT Blake, WK DiPerna, XGZ AF DiPerna, Daniel T. Blake, William K. DiPerna, Xingguang Z. TI Computation of the homogeneous and forced solutions of a finite length, line-driven, submerged plate SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION; RADIATION AB A formulation is developed to predict the vibration response of a finite length, submerged plate due to a line drive. The formulation starts by describing the fluid in terms of elliptic cylinder coordinates, which allows the fluid loading term to be expressed in terms of Mathieu functions. By moving the fluid loading term to the right-hand side of the equation, it is considered to be a force. The operator that remains on the left-hand side is the same as that of the in vacuo plate: a fourth-order, constant coefficient, ordinary differential equation. Therefore, the problem appears to be an inhomogeneous ordinary differential equation. The solution that results has the same form as that ' of the in vacuo plate: the sum of a forced solution, and four homogeneous solutions, each of which is multiplied by an arbitrary constant. These constants are then chosen to satisfy the structural boundary conditions on the two ends of the plate. Results for the finite plate are compared to the infinite plate in both the wave number and spatial domains. The theoretical predictions of the plate velocity response are also compared to results from finite element analysis and show reasonable agreement over a large frequency range. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP DiPerna, DT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM daniel.diperna@navy.mil; hydroacoustics@aol.com; xingguang.diperna@navy.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 120 IS 6 BP 3664 EP 3671 DI 10.1121/1.2357716 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 118RM UT WOS:000242959400021 PM 17225394 ER PT J AU Valdivia, NP Williams, EG AF Valdivia, Nicolas P. Williams, Earl G. TI Study of the comparison of the methods of equivalent sources and boundary element methods for near-field acoustic holography SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WAVE SUPERPOSITION; SURFACE AB Boundary element methods (BEM) based near-field acoustic holography (NAH) has been used successfully in order to reconstruct the normal velocity on an arbitrarily shaped structure surface from measurements of the pressure field on a nearby conformal surface. An alternative approach for this reconstruction on a general structure utilizes the equivalent sources method (ESM). In ESM the acoustic field is represented by a set of point sources located over a surface that is close to the structure surface. This approach is attractive mainly for its simplicity of implementation and speed. In this work ESM as an approximation of BEM based NAH is studied and the necessary conditions for the successful application of this approach in NAH is discussed. A cylindrical fuselage surface excited by a point force as an example to validate the results is used. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Valdivia, NP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7130, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM valdivia@pa.nrl.navy.mil; williams@pa.nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 120 IS 6 BP 3694 EP 3705 DI 10.1121/1.2359284 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 118RM UT WOS:000242959400023 PM 17225396 ER PT J AU Houser, DS Finneran, JJ AF Houser, Dorian S. Finneran, James J. TI Variation in the hearing sensitivity of a dolphin population determined through the use of evoked potential audiometry SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; PERMANENT THRESHOLD SHIFT; BRAIN-STEM RESPONSE; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; AUDITORY SEQUENCES; NOISE; FREQUENCY; AGE; DISCRIMINATION; AUDIOGRAMS AB A portable electrophysiological data collection system was used to assess hearing in a captive population of bottlenose dolphins by recording auditory evoked potentials (AEPs). The AEP system used a transducer embedded in a suction cup to deliver amplitude modulated tones to the dolphin through the lower jaw. Evoked potentials were recorded noninvasively using surface electrodes. Adaptive procedures allowed hearing thresholds to be estimated from 10 to 150 kHz in a single ear in about 45 min. Hearing thresholds were measured in 42 bottlenose dolphins (28 male, 14 female), ranging in age from 4 to 47 years. Variations in hearing sensitivity with age and sex followed patterns seen in humans and terrestrial mammals: generally, within the population there was a progressive loss of high frequency hearing with age and an earlier onset of hearing loss in males than in females. Hearing loss generally occurred between the ages of 20 and 30, and all animals over the age of 27 had some degree of hearing loss. Two dolphins with profound hearing loss were found within the population. Aberrant hearing patterns were observed in related dolphins suggesting genetic links to hearing ability may exist. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Biomimetica, Santee, CA 92071 USA. USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Houser, DS (reprint author), Biomimetica, 7951 Shantung Dr, Santee, CA 92071 USA. EM biomimetica@cox.net OI Houser, Dorian/0000-0002-0960-8528 NR 57 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 120 IS 6 BP 4090 EP 4099 DI 10.1121/1.2357993 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 118RM UT WOS:000242959400062 PM 17225435 ER PT J AU Calame, JP Battat, J AF Calame, Jeffrey P. Battat, Jacob TI Narrowband microwave dielectric resonance and negative permittivity behavior in hydrogen-fired Al2O3-CuO composites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM-OXIDE; REDUCTION AB The frequency-dependent microwave complex permittivity of composites based on an Al2O3-CuO system is investigated at room temperature. The composites are formed by solution infusion of copper precursors into a porous Al2O3 matrix, followed by thermal decomposition to copper oxides and localized formation of copper aluminate compounds, and finally, H-2 firing. The material exhibits a strong amplitude, with relatively narrowband dielectric resonance in the microwave frequency regime at intermediate levels of mass gain, which is reminiscent of a plasmon resonance. Large mass gains cause negative permittivity behavior below 6 GHz, consistent with a collisional Drude model of a semiconducting oxide phase. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Calame, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.calame@nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 89 IS 12 BP 3865 EP 3867 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01306.x PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 108HY UT WOS:000242232100046 ER PT J AU Tory, KJ Montgomery, MT Davidson, NE AF Tory, K. J. Montgomery, M. T. Davidson, N. E. TI Prediction and diagnosis of tropical cyclone formation in an NWP system. Part 1: The critical role of vortex enhancement in deep convection SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SEA INTERACTION THEORY; GENESIS; MODEL; CYCLOGENESIS; DEPRESSION; EVOLUTION; MONSOON; TCM-93; WAVES; STORM AB This is the first of a three-part investigation into tropical cyclone (TC) genesis in the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's Tropical Cyclone Limited Area Prediction System (TC-LAPS), an operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecast model. The primary TC-LAPS vortex enhancement mechanism is presented in Part I, the entire genesis process is illustrated in Part II using a single TC-LAPS simulation, and in Part III a number of simulations are presented exploring the sensitivity and variability of genesis forecasts in TC-LAPS. The primary vortex enhancement mechanism in TC-LAPS is found to be convergence/stretching and vertical advection of absolute vorticity in deep intense updrafts, which result in deep vortex cores of 60-100 km in diameter (the minimum resolvable scale is limited by the 0.15 degrees horizontal grid spacing). On the basis of the results presented, it is hypothesized that updrafts of this scale adequately represent mean vertical motions in real TC genesis convective regions, and perhaps that explicitly resolving the individual convective processes may not be necessary for qualitative TC genesis forecasts. Although observations of sufficient spatial and temporal resolution do not currently exist to support or refute this proposition, relatively large-scale (30 km and greater), lower- to midlevel tropospheric convergent regions have been observed in tropical oceanic environments during the Global Atmospheric Research Programme (GARP) Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE), the Equatorial Mesoscale Experiment (EMEX), and the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE), and regions of extreme convection of the order of 50 km are often (remotely) observed in TC genesis environments. These vortex cores are fundamental for genesis in TC-LAPS. They interact to form larger cores, and provide net heating that drives the system-scale secondary circulation, which enhances vorticity on the system scale akin to the classical Eliassen problem of a balanced vortex driven by heat sources. These secondary vortex enhancement mechanisms are documented in Part II. In some recent TC genesis theories featured in the literature, vortex enhancement in deep convective regions of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) has largely been ignored. Instead, they focus on the stratiform regions. While it is recognized that vortex enhancement through midlevel convergence into the stratiform precipitation deck can greatly enhance midtropospheric cyclonic vorticity, it is suggested here that this mechanism only increases the potential for genesis, whereas vortex enhancement through low- to midlevel convergence into deep convective regions is necessary for genesis. C1 Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. NOAA AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. RP Tory, KJ (reprint author), Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, GPO Box 1289, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. EM k.tory@bom.gov.au NR 37 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 63 IS 12 BP 3077 EP 3090 DI 10.1175/JAS3764.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 121CN UT WOS:000243135800001 ER PT J AU Tory, KJ Montgomery, MT Davidson, NE Kepert, JD AF Tory, K. J. Montgomery, M. T. Davidson, N. E. Kepert, J. D. TI Prediction and diagnosis of tropical cyclone formation in an NWP system. Part II: A diagnosis of Tropical Cyclone Chris formation SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID VORTEX ROSSBY WAVES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; MONSOON; GENESIS; CYCLOGENESIS; EVOLUTION; MODEL; STORM AB This is the second of a three-part investigation into tropical cyclone (TC) genesis in the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's Tropical Cyclone Limited Area Prediction System (TC-LAPS). The primary TC-LAPS vortex enhancement mechanism (convergence/stretching and vertical advection of absolute vorticity in convective updraft regions) was presented in Part I. In this paper (Part II) results from a numerical simulation of TC Chris (western Australia, February 2002) are used to illustrate the primary and two secondary vortex enhancement mechanisms that led to TC genesis. In Part III a number of simulations are presented exploring the sensitivity and variability of genesis forecasts in TC-LAPS. During the first 18 h of the simulation, a mature vortex of TC intensity developed in a monsoon low from a relatively benign initial state. Deep upright vortex cores developed from convergence/stretching and vertical advection of absolute vorticity within the updrafts of intense bursts of cumulus convection. Individual convective bursts lasted for 6-12 h, with a new burst developing as the previous one weakened. The modeled bursts appear as single updrafts, and represent the mean vertical motion in convective regions because the 0.15 degrees grid spacing imposes a minimum updraft scale of about 60 km. This relatively large scale may be unrealistic in the earlier genesis period when multiple smaller-scale, shorter-tived convective regions are often observed, but observational evidence suggests that such scales can be expected later in the process. The large scale may limit the convection to only one or two active bursts at a time, and may have contributed to a more rapid model intensification than that observed. The monsoon low was tilted to the northwest, with convection initiating about 100-200 km west of the low-level center. The convective bursts and associated upright potential vorticity (PV) anomalies were advected cyclonically around the low, weakening as they passed to the north of the circulation center, leaving remnant cyclonic PV anomalies. Strong convergence into the updrafts led to rapid ingestion of nearby cyclonic PV anomalies, including remnant PV cores from decaying convective bursts. Thus convective intensity, rather than the initial vortex size and intensity, determined dominance in vortex interactions. This scavenging of PV by the active convective region, termed diabatic upscale vortex cascade, ensured that PV cores grew successively and contributed to the construction of an upright central monolithic PV core. The system-scale intensification (SSI) process active on the broader scale (300-500-km radius) also contributed. Latent heating slightly dominated adiabatic cooling within the bursts, which enhanced the system-scale secondary circulation. Convergence of low- to midlevel tropospheric absolute vorticity by this enhanced circulation intensified the system-scale vortex. The diabatic upscale vortex cascade and SSI are secondary processes dependent on the locally enhanced vorticity and heat respectively, generated by the primary mechanism. C1 Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. NOAA AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Tory, KJ (reprint author), Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, GPO Box 1289, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. EM k.tory@bom.gov.au RI Kepert, Jeffrey/I-6786-2013 OI Kepert, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6771-0769 NR 27 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 63 IS 12 BP 3091 EP 3113 DI 10.1175/JAS3765.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 121CN UT WOS:000243135800002 ER PT J AU Fitzsimons, NJ Presti, JC Kane, CJ Terris, MK Aronson, WJ Amling, CL Freedland, SJ AF Fitzsimons, Nicholas J. Presti, Joseph C., Jr. Kane, Christopher J. Terris, Martha K. Aronson, William J. Amling, Christopher L. Freedland, Stephen J. CA Shared Equal Access Regional Canc TI Is biopsy Gleason score independently associated with biochemical progression following radical prostatectomy after adjusting for pathological Gleason score? SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; prostatic neoplasms; prostatectomy; biopsy; disease progression ID CANCER-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; DISEASE RECURRENCE; RADIATION-THERAPY; RISK; SPECIMENS; GRADE; NOMOGRAMS AB Purpose: Biopsy Gleason score is known to be associated with prostate specific antigen failure following radical prostatectomy. However, it is unclear whether it remains associated with outcome after surgery when the pathological Gleason score is known. Materials and Methods: We determined the association between biopsy Gleason score and biochemical progression after correcting for preoperative and postoperative characteristics, including pathological Gleason score, in 1,931 men treated with radical prostatectomy between 1988 and 2005 in the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital Database Study Group database. Gleason score was examined as a categorical variable of 2 to 6, 3 + 4 and 4 + 3 or greater. Results: Higher biopsy Gleason scores were positively associated with extracapsular extension (p < 0.001), positive surgical margins (p < 0.001), seminal vesicle invasion (p < 0.001), positive lymph nodes (p < 0.001) and biochemical progression (log rank p < 0.001). After adjusting for only preoperative characteristics biopsy Gleason 3 + 4 and 4 + 3 or greater were associated with increased risk of biochemical progression compared to biopsy Gleason 6 or less (p = 0.001 and. < 0.001, respectively). After further adjusting for multiple pathological characteristics, including pathological Gleason score, the association between higher biopsy Gleason score and progression was little changed, in that men with biopsy Gleason 3 + 4 and 4 + 3 or greater were significantly more likely to experience progression (p = 0.001 and < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, when stratified by pathological Gleason score, higher biopsy Gleason scores were associated with an increased risk of biochemical progression in each pathological Gleason score category (log rank p <= 0.007). Conclusions: Biopsy Gleason score remained strongly associated with progression even when the pathological Gleason score was known and controlled for. If confirmed at other centers, incorporation of biopsy Gleason score into postoperative C1 Duke Univ, Sch Med, Med Ctr, Div Urol Surg,Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Duke Prostate Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Durham, NC USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr San Francisco, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Vet Adm Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, Los Angeles, CA USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Vet Adm Med Ctr Augusta, Dept Surg, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Urol Sect, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Urol, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. RP Fitzsimons, NJ (reprint author), Duke Univ, Sch Med, Med Ctr, Div Urol Surg,Dept Surg, Box 3707, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM nicholas.fitzsimons@duke.edu OI Terris, Martha/0000-0002-3843-7270 FU NCI NIH HHS [P50 CA 92131-01A1, R01 CA 100938] NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 176 IS 6 BP 2453 EP 2458 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2006.08.014 PN 1 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 105KM UT WOS:000242028800031 PM 17085127 ER PT J AU Sungvornyothin, S Muenvorn, V Garros, C Manguin, S Prabaripai, A Bangs, MJ Chareonvirlyaphap, T AF Sungvornyothin, Sungsit Muenvorn, Vithee Garros, Claire Manguin, Sylvie Prabaripai, Atchariya Bangs, Michael J. Chareonvirlyaphap, Theeraphap TI Trophic behavior and biting activity of the two sibling species of the Anopheles minimus complex in western Thailand SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles minimus; species complex; sibling species; trophic behavior; bionomics; Thailand ID MAJOR MALARIA VECTORS; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; THEOBALD DIPTERA; NORTHWESTERN THAILAND; IDENTIFICATION; CULICIDAE; DDT; TRANSMISSION; POLYMORPHISM; MOSQUITOS AB The trophic behavior and host preference of two sibling species, Anopheles minimus s.s. ( An. minimus species A) and species C, were observed during a two-year period at Pu Teuy Village, Sai Yok District, Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand. Anopheles minimus s.s. and species C were more prevalent during the hot and wet periods of the year. Both species demonstrated exophagic and zoophilic activities. Feeding activity of An. minimus C was unique compared to An. minimus sensu lato from other localities in Thailand. Outdoor blood feeding by An. minimus C occurred throughout the night with one distinct feeding peak immediately after sunset (1800 h), whereas indoor feeding showed two small peaks at 2000 and 2400 h. The small number of An. minimus s.s collected during this study precluded a determination of peak activity patterns. A better understanding of mosquito behavior related to host and patterns of feeding activity will facilitate and improve the efficiency of vector control operations. C1 Kasetsart Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Entomol, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. UMR Ctr Biol & Gest Populat, Inst Dev Res, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, France. Kasetsart Univ, Fac Liberal Arts & Sci, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand. USN Reg NW, Dept Prevent Med, Silverdale, WA 98315 USA. RP Chareonvirlyaphap, T (reprint author), Kasetsart Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Entomol, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. RI Chareonviriyaphap, Teeraphap /B-9632-2009; Garros, Claire/C-2715-2011; Manguin, Sylvie/G-1787-2015 OI Manguin, Sylvie/0000-0002-5925-7164 NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 2 BP 252 EP 261 DI 10.3376/1081-1710(2006)31[252:TBABAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 125CB UT WOS:000243418000006 PM 17249342 ER PT J AU Sathantriphop, S Ketavan, C Prabaripai, A Visetson, S Bangs, MJ Akratanakul, P Chareonviriyaphap, T AF Sathantriphop, Sunaiyana Ketavan, Chitapa Prabaripai, Atcharlya Visetson, Suraphon Bangs, Michael J. Akratanakul, Pongthep Chareonviriyaphap, Theeraphap TI Susceptibility and avoidance behavior by Culex quinquefasciatus Say to three classes of residual insecticides SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culex quinquefasciatus; behavioral avoidance; excito-repellency; deltamethrin; propoxur; fenitrothion ID ANOPHELES-MINIMUS; EXCITO-REPELLENCY; PIPIENS-FATIGANS; MALARIA VECTORS; DISEASE-CONTROL; DDT; MOSQUITOS; RESPONSES; THAILAND; DELTAMETHRIN AB The behavioral responses of three colonized strains of Culex quinquefasciatus, two from recent field collections in Thailand (Nonthaburi and Mae Sot) and one from a long-established colony from the National Institute of Health (NIH), Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, were compared during and after exposure to deltamethrin (0.02 g/m(2)), propoxur (0.2 g/m(2)), and fenitrothion (0.2 g/m(2)) using an excito-repellency escape chamber system. We observed striking differences in behavioral response and excito-repellency between mosquito strains and test compounds. Greater escape responses were observed in the NIH strain during direct contact with deltamethrin and fenitrothion compared with the two field populations. Deltamethrin was the most irritant, followed by fenitrothion. Escape responses with propoxur were significantly delayed but increased slightly towards the end of the 30-min exposure period, more notably in the Nonthaburi strain (P < 0.05). Non-contact repellent responses were generally much weaker than irritancy, with the greatest escape response seen with NIH and Nonthaburi. Deltamethrin showed the weakest repellent response overall (< 10% escape), while propoxur again demonstrated a delayed effect (NIH and Mae Sot) before escape occurred. We conclude that irritant and repellent behavioral responses by Cx. quinquefasciatus are important components for assessing the impact of residual spraying in mosquito control programs. A better understanding of chemical properties that elicit behavioral responses in mosquitoes should be considered in formulating control strategies designed to control mosquitoes or mitigate disease transmission risk. C1 Kasetsart Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Entomol, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. Kasetsart Univ, Fac Liberal Arts & Sci, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand. Kasetsart Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Zool, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. USN, Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Silverdale, WA 98315 USA. NIH, Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Kasetsart Univ, Ctr Agr Biotechnol, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. RP Chareonviriyaphap, T (reprint author), Kasetsart Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Entomol, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. RI Chareonviriyaphap, Teeraphap /B-9632-2009 NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 2 BP 266 EP 274 DI 10.3376/1081-1710(2006)31[266:SAABBC]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 125CB UT WOS:000243418000008 PM 17249344 ER PT J AU Zarikian, V AF Zarikian, Vrej TI Alternating-projection algorithms for operator-theoretic calculations SO LINEAR ALGEBRA AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE alternating-projection algorithm; completely positive map; completely bounded map; Schur multiplier; matrix completion ID NORMS AB We show how alternating-projection algorithms can be used to solve a variety of operator-theoretic problems, including deciding complete positivity, computing completely bounded norms, computing norms of Schur multipliers, and matrix completion/approximation problems. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Zarikian, V (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM zarikian@usna.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0024-3795 J9 LINEAR ALGEBRA APPL JI Linear Alg. Appl. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 419 IS 2-3 BP 710 EP 734 DI 10.1016/j.laa.2006.06.012 PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 115OQ UT WOS:000242744000030 ER PT J AU Froes, FH Gungor, MN Imam, MA AF Froes, F. H. (Sam) Gungor, Mehmet N. Imam, M. Ashraf TI Cost affordable titanium - An update SO MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Univ Idaho, Inst Mat & Adv Proc, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Concurrent Technol Corp, Johnstown, PA 15904 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Froes, FH (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Inst Mat & Adv Proc, McClure Hall Room 437, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATRICE TECHNOLOGY LIMITED PI POULTON PA PO BOX 41,, POULTON FY6 8GD, LACANSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1066-7857 J9 MATER TECHNOL JI Mater. Technol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 BP 206 EP 209 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 127JP UT WOS:000243582100002 ER PT J AU Zuniga, ML Sidelinger, DE Blaschke, GS Silva, FA Broyles, SL Nader, PR Reznik, V AF Zuniga, Maria Luisa Sidelinger, Dean E. Blaschke, Gregory S. Silva, Frank A. Broyles, Shelia L. Nader, Philip R. Reznik, Vivian TI Evaluation of residency training in the delivery of culturally effective care SO MEDICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE internship and residency, standards; delivery of health care, standards; culture; teaching, standards; California; community medicine, education; paediatrics, education; programme evaluation; clinical competence; humans; male; female; adult ID COMMUNITY PEDIATRICS; CHILD HEALTH; EDUCATION; COMPETENCE AB Objectives To augment resident training in the delivery of culturally effective care in order to improve clinician capacity to effectively care for patients from diverse backgrounds. Methods Residents from the Naval Medical Center San Diego and the University of California San Diego participated in experiential learning and service activities. Programme evaluation assessed aspects of the delivery of culturally effective care in community settings. A community-based participatory approach to engaging residents in the delivery of culturally effective care and evaluation of the effectiveness of this approach are described. Results A significant pre-post rotation increase was noted in residents' self-perceived ability to identify culture-related issues that may impact on the patient's view of illness (P < 0.001) and ability to address a culture-related issue (P < 0.001). Community evaluations rated residents positively on behaviours that reflected communication skills and professionalism, but less positively on knowledge about communities. Conclusions The authors conclude that resident exposure to the block rotation curriculum contributes to improved knowledge of the skills necessary to provide culturally effective care in diverse community settings. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Div Community Pediat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA USA. RP Zuniga, ML (reprint author), 9500 Gilman Dr Dept 0927, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mzuniga@ucsd.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [P60 MH00220, 1K01MH072353-01A1]; PHS HHS [R49 CCR918607] NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-0110 J9 MED EDUC JI Med. Educ. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1192 EP 1200 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02630.x PG 9 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 107TI UT WOS:000242193500007 PM 17118113 ER PT J AU Fonda, RW Bingert, JF AF Fonda, R. W. Bingert, J. F. TI Precipitation and grain refinement in a 2195 Al friction stir weld SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM-COPPER ALLOYS; HEAT-AFFECTED ZONE; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; HOT DEFORMATION; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; LARGE STRAINS; ZR ALLOYS; LI ALLOY; X-RAYS; AL AB The microstructure across a friction stir weld in aluminum alloy 2195 was analyzed to reveal the precipitation processes, grain evolution mechanisms, and crystallographic texture within that weld. The complex microhardness variations across the weld are explained by the observed precipitation sequence, in which the original precipitates coarsen and dissolve during welding, and are then replaced by different precipitates, which form during cooling. The grain development from the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) into the weld nugget reveals that subgrains form within the TMAZ grains and develop increasing boundary misorientations through continuous dynamic recrystallization by subgrain rotation to eventually form the refined grains observed within the weld nugget. Within the weld nugget, a {112} < 110 > texture is observed, corresponding to a high strain/high temperature shear strain component. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM richard.fonda@nrl.navy.mil NR 79 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 7 U2 21 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 37A IS 12 BP 3593 EP 3604 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-1054-2 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 117XZ UT WOS:000242907900027 ER PT J AU Bohnker, B O'Donnell, R Fifer, G Thurston, D Malakooti, M Bohnker, B AF Bohnker, Bruce O'Donnell, Robert Fifer, Gordon Thurston, Donald Malakooti, Mark Bohnker, Bruce TI Marine with malaria on terminal leave after deployments to Iraq and Liberia SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PROPHYLAXIS; AFGHANISTAN; OPERATION; FORCES AB A case report is presented for a 22-year-old male Marine who developed clinical symptoms of malaria while on terminal leave. His exposure history has included operational deployments to Liberia and Iraq. His care was complicated by his terminal leave status, which required detailed coordination with civilian providers as well as military authorities. C1 USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 2, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. Second Marine Expeditionary Force, Force Surg Off, Camp Lejeune, NC USA. RP Bohnker, B (reprint author), USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 2, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 171 IS 12 BP 1172 EP 1173 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 116XM UT WOS:000242837100004 PM 17256676 ER PT J AU Foote, FO AF Foote, Frederick O'Donnell TI A tuberculosis event on a Navy assault ship SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CLOSED ENVIRONMENT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; OUTBREAK; HEALTH; CREW AB A tuberculosis event occurred on a U.S. Navy amphibious assault ship in September 2003. The event was signaled by a jump in monthly purified protein derivative positivity rates. A baseline new reactor rate of 0 to 1% suddenly jumped to 6.3%, prompting screening of the entire crew and embarked Marines. Ultimately, a total of 31 Navy and 17 Marine new reactors was identified. This represented 2.4% of the Navy crew and 1.2% of embarked Marines. Only 1 of 31 Navy cases involved an officer. Two Navy, male, enlisted berthing areas showed a statistically significantly increased odds ratio for infection risk. Despite intensive investigation, no active case of tuberculosis was ever identified. After treatment of new reactors with isoniazid, the ship's monthly new reactor rate returned to baseline. This case illustrates the principles and pitfalls of respiratory disease control at sea. C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Neurol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Foote, FO (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 171 IS 12 BP 1198 EP 1200 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 116XM UT WOS:000242837100010 PM 17256682 ER PT J AU Merrill, LL Stander, VA Thomsen, CJ Crouch, JL Milner, JS AF Merrill, Lex L. Stander, Valerie A. Thomsen, Cynthia J. Crouch, Julie L. Milner, Joel S. TI Premilitary intimate partner violence and attrition from the US Navy SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PREDICTORS; ABUSE; SAMPLE AB A prospective study of U.S. Navy recruits (N = 5,498) examined whether premilitary intimate partner violence (IPV) was associated with attrition. Overall, more than one-fourth of recruits reported premilitary physical IPV and more than two-thirds reported premilitary verbal IPV. Women reported more perpetration and receipt of IPV than men, and married or cohabiting respondents reported more IPV than single respondents. Both perpetration and receipt of IPV significantly predicted attrition within 4 years. However, after controlling for other forms of IPV, only receipt of physical IPV significantly predicted attrition. In only one analysis did associations between IPV and attrition vary according to marital status or gender; premilitary receipt of verbal IPV had different effects on women and men. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. No Illinois Univ, Ctr Study Family Violence & Sexual Assault, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Merrill, LL (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 4 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 171 IS 12 BP 1206 EP 1210 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 116XM UT WOS:000242837100012 PM 17256684 ER PT J AU Johnson, NL Livingston, MJ Novak, TS AF Johnson, Norman L. Livingston, Martin J. Novak, Thomas S. TI A cost analysis of training expenses versus the value of medical care provided during west Africa training cruise 2004: Senegal SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 110th Annual Meeting of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States CY NOV 16, 2004 CL Denver, CO ID MILITARY OPERATIONS; WAR AB A medical civic assistance program (MEDCAP) visit was conducted by naval reservists in eight villages in Senegal, West Africa. More than 6,000 patients were treated by MEDCAP team members. Medical and dental care, eyeglasses, vitamins, medications, educational material, and mass casualty training were provided. Major challenges confronting the mission were to provide care in makeshift clinics in remote villages in an arduous sub-Saharan climate, where more than one-half of the population lacks adequate public health funding to address basic medical and dental needs. To estimate the economic costs and benefits of the mission, as a guide to future planning, we calculated the total costs of the mission and its economic benefits. Total costs were found to be $502,500. We estimated that the monetary value of the medical services provided was $730,090. Additional nonquantifiable value was created through training and development of military and professional partnerships. In a post-September 11 world, the MEDCAP is an important and cost-effective vehicle to advance U.S. foreign policy in a nonthreatening manner. Countless lasting friendships can be won with bandages and medicines. C1 Naval Hosp, Navy Reserve Operat Hlth Support Unit, Headquarters Detachment, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Navy Reserve Operat Hlth Support Unit, Detachment M, Ebensburg, PA 15931 USA. RP Johnson, NL (reprint author), Naval Hosp, Navy Reserve Operat Hlth Support Unit, Headquarters Detachment, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 171 IS 12 BP 1225 EP 1228 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 116XM UT WOS:000242837100017 PM 17256689 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, S Good, D Miller, RD Graham, JE Mathews, SA Timms, P Summersgill, JT AF Mukhopadhyay, Sanghamitra Good, David Miller, Richard D. Graham, James E. Mathews, Sarah A. Timms, Peter Summersgill, James T. TI Identification of Chlamydia pneumoniae proteins in the transition from reticulate to elementary body formation SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; DEVELOPMENTAL CYCLE; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; PROTEOME ANALYSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRACHOMATIS; GENES; TRANSCRIPTOME; INFECTIONS AB dChlamydia pneumoniae is an important human respiratory pathogen that is responsible for an estimated 10% of community-acquired pneumonia and 5% of bronchitis and sinusitis cases. We examined changes in global protein expression profiles associated with the redifferentiation of reticulate body (RB) to elementary body (EB) as C. pneumoniae cells progressed from 24 to 48 h postinfection in HEp2 cells. Proteins corresponding to those showing the greatest changes in abundance in the beginning of the RB to EB transition were then identified from purified EBs. Among the 300 spots recognized, 35 proteins that were expressed at sufficiently high levels were identified by mass spectrometry. We identified C. pneumoniae proteins that showed more than 2-fold increases in abundance in the early stages of RB to EB transition, including several associated with amino acid and cofactor biosynthesis (Ndk, TrxA, Adk, PyrH, and BirA), maintenance of cytoplasmic protein function (GroEL/ES, DnaK, DksA, GrpE, HtrA, ClpP, ClpB, and Map), modification of the bacterial cell surface (CrpA, OmpA, and OmcB), energy metabolism ( Tal and Pyk), and the putative transcriptional regulator TctD. This study identified C. pneumoniae proteins involved in the process of redifferentiation into mature, infective EBs and indicates bacterial metabolic pathways that may be involved in this transition. The proteins involved in RB to EB transition are key to C. pneumoniae infection and are perhaps suitable targets for therapeutic intervention. C1 Univ Louisville, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Queensland Univ Technol, Infect Dis Program, Sch Life Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4059, Australia. RP Mukhopadhyay, S (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, 12300 Washington Ave, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM mukhopadhyays.ctr.in@nmrc.navy.mil RI Timms, Peter/I-9556-2012; OI Timms, Peter/0000-0002-1682-0025 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL68874]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI51255] NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD DEC PY 2006 VL 5 IS 12 BP 2311 EP 2318 DI 10.1074/mcp.M600214-MCP200 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 117DD UT WOS:000242852000008 PM 16921167 ER PT J AU Schnur, J AF Schnur, J. TI Sequence-based pathogen diagnostics and surveillance SO NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1549-9634 EI 1549-9642 J9 NANOMED-NANOTECHNOL JI Nanomed.-Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 2 IS 4 BP 272 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.nano.2006.10.016 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 120VR UT WOS:000243115000022 ER PT J AU Matoussi, H AF Matoussi, H. TI Use of quantum dot-bioconjugates for sensing and probing cellular processes SO NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1549-9634 EI 1549-9642 J9 NANOMED-NANOTECHNOL JI Nanomed.-Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 2 IS 4 BP 282 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.nano.2006.10.028 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 120VR UT WOS:000243115000051 ER PT J AU Alderson, D Chang, H Roughan, M Uhlig, S Willinger, W AF Alderson, D. Chang, H. Roughan, M. Uhlig, S. Willinger, W. TI The many facets of Internet topology and traffic SO NETWORKS AND HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of Networks and Heterogeneous Media CY JUN 21-23, 2006 CL Maiori, ITALY SP Amer Inst Math Sci, Ist Applicazioni Calcolo Rome, Univ Salerno, DIIMA DE Internet topology; network tomography; traffic matrix; gravity model; model validation ID HIGHLY OPTIMIZED TOLERANCE; POWER LAWS; LEVEL TOPOLOGY; MATRICES; WEB; NETWORKS; GRAPHS; SCALE AB The Internet's layered architecture and organizational structure give rise to a number of different topologies, with the lower layers defining more physical and the higher layers more virtual/ logical types of connectivity structures. These structures are very different, and successful Internet topology modeling requires annotating the nodes and edges of the corresponding graphs with information that reflects their network- intrinsic meaning. These structures also give rise to different representations of the traffic that traverses the heterogeneous Internet, and a traffic matrix is a compact and succinct description of the traffic exchanges between the nodes in a given connectivity structure. In this paper, we summarize recent advances in Internet research related to ( i) inferring and modeling the router- level topologies of individual service providers ( i. e., the physical connectivity structure of an ISP, where nodes are routers/ switches and links represent physical connections), ( ii) estimating the intra- AS traffic matrix when the AS's router- level topology and routing configuration are known, ( iii) inferring and modeling the Internet's AS- level topology, and ( iv) estimating the inter- AS traffic matrix. We will also discuss recent work on Internet connectivity structures that arise at the higher layers in the TCP/ IP protocol stack and are more virtual and dynamic; e. g., overlay networks like the WWW graph, where nodes are web pages and edges represent existing hyperlinks, or P2P networks like Gnutella, where nodes represent peers and two peers are connected if they have an active network connection. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept EECS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Adelaide, Sch Math Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands. AT&T Labs Res, Florham Pk, NJ 07932 USA. RP Alderson, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dlalders@nps.edu; hschang@eecs.umich.edu; matthew.roughan@adelaide.edu.au; suh@info.ucl.ac.be; walter@research.att.com NR 119 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES-AIMS PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 1556-1801 EI 1556-181X J9 NETW HETEROG MEDIA JI Netw. Heterog. Media PD DEC PY 2006 VL 1 IS 4 BP 569 EP 600 PG 32 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Mathematics GA 140KL UT WOS:000244503700004 ER PT J AU Armonda, RA Bell, RS Vo, AH Ling, G DeGraba, TJ Crandall, B Ecklund, J Campbell, WW AF Armonda, Rocco A. Bell, Randy S. Vo, Alexander H. Ling, Geoffrey DeGraba, Thomas J. Crandall, Benjamin Ecklund, James Campbell, William W. TI Wartime traumatic cerebral vasospasm: Recent review of combat casualties SO NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE angiography; angioplasty; blast; Iraq; pseudoaneurysm; vasospasm ID SEVERE HEAD-INJURY; TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER ULTRASOUND; BASILAR ARTERY VASOSPASM; BLOOD-FLOW VELOCITY; BRAIN-TISSUE PO(2); SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; POSTTRAUMATIC VASOSPASM; TIME-COURSE; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; HYPEREMIA AB Objective: Blast related neurotrauma is associated with the severest casualties from Operation Iraq Freedom (OIF). A consequences of this is cerebral vasospasm. This study evaluated all inpatient neurosurgical consults related to battle injury from OIF. Methods: Evaluation of all admissions from OIF from April 2003 to October 2005 was performed on patients with neurotrauma and a diagnostic cerebral angiogram. Differences between patients with and without vasospasm and predictors of vasospam were analyzed. Results: Fifty-seven out of 119 nuerosurgical consults were evaluated. Of these, 47.4% had traumatic vasospasm sustained blast trauma. Average spasm duration was 14.3 days, with a range of up to 30 days vasospasm was associated with the presence of pseudoaneurysm (P = 0.05), hemorrhage (P = 0.03), the number of lobes injured (P = 0.012), and mortality (P = 0.029). Those with vasospasm fared worse than those without (p = 0.002). The number of lobes injured and the presence of pseudoaneurysm were significant predictors of vasospasm (P = 0.016 and 0.02, respectively). There was a significant quadratic trend towards nuerological improvement for those recieving aggressive open surgical treatment (P = 0.002). In the vasospam group, angioplasty with microballoon significantly lowered middle cerebrel artery and basilar blood-flow velocities (P = 0.046 and 0.026, respectively). Conclusion: Traumatic vasospasm occurred in a sustantial number of patients with severe neurotrauma, and clinical outcomes were worse for those with this condition. However, aggressive open surgical and endovascular treatment strategies may have improved outcome. This was the first study to analyze the effects of blast-related injury on the cerebral vasculature. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Natl Capital Neurosurg Consortium, Washington, DC USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Elect Hlth Network, AT&T Ctr TeleHlth, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Armonda, RA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM RAArmonda@bethesda.med.navy.mil NR 49 TC 123 Z9 126 U1 2 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-396X J9 NEUROSURGERY JI Neurosurgery PD DEC PY 2006 VL 59 IS 6 BP 1215 EP 1225 DI 10.1227/01.NEU.0000249190.46033.94 PG 11 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 113MR UT WOS:000242602500021 PM 17277684 ER PT J AU Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT AF Wynne, J. H. Lloyd, C. T. TI Facile preparation of terminally functionalized thiols from 6-bromohexanenitrile SO ORGANIC PREPARATIONS AND PROCEDURES INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID RECOGNITION C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wynne, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jwynne@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ORGANIC PREP PROCEDURES INC PI NEWTON HIGHLANDS PA PO BOX 9, NEWTON HIGHLANDS, MA 02161 USA SN 0030-4948 J9 ORG PREP PROCED INT JI Org. Prep. Proced. Int. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 38 IS 6 BP 601 EP 604 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 104AJ UT WOS:000241928000003 ER PT J AU Liu, MF Yencha, M AF Liu, Michelle Ferdinand Yencha, Myron TI Cushing's syndrome secondary to intralesional steroid injections of multiple keloid scars SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Otolaryngol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Liu, MF (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Otolaryngol, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM mfliu@mar.med.navy.mil NR 5 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 135 IS 6 BP 960 EP 961 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2005.04.005 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 114MP UT WOS:000242670600028 PM 17141094 ER PT J AU Mushrush, GW Willauer, HD Bailey, JL Hoover, JB Williams, FW AF Mushrush, George W. Willauer, Heather D. Bailey, Jean L. Hoover, John B. Williams, Frederick W. TI Petroleum-based hydraulic fluids and flammability SO PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydraulic fluids; flash point; flammability; aerosol AB Hydraulic fluids for the most part are considered to be much less flammable than middle distillate fuels. Petroleum-based hydraulic fluids have high flash points, while water-based hydraulic fluids (because of their high water content) are definitely nonflammable. The major problem with water-based hydraulic fluids is corrosion. Petroleum-based fluids are much less corrosive and thus equipment lifetime is considerably increased. However, some petroleum-based hydraulic fluids have been observed to be a fire safety hazard in situations where high-pressure leaks can result in aerosol formation. These fire hazards cannot be adequately explained based solely on flash point considerations of the hydraulic fluids alone. C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Willauer, HD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Willauer@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-6466 J9 PETROL SCI TECHNOL JI Pet. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1441 EP 1446 DI 10.1081/LFT-200056782 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 119BE UT WOS:000242986400007 ER PT J AU Greilich, A Oulton, R Zhukov, EA Yugova, IA Yakovlev, DR Bayer, M Shabaev, A Efros, AL Stavarache, V Reuter, D Wieck, A AF Greilich, A. Oulton, R. Zhukov, E. A. Yugova, I. A. Yakovlev, D. R. Bayer, M. Shabaev, A. Efros, Al L. Stavarache, V. Reuter, D. Wieck, A. TI Optical generation of spin coherence in single-charged (In,Ga)As/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Winterschool on New Developments in Solid State Physics CY FEB 13-17, 2006 CL Mauterndorf, AUSTRIA DE quantum dots; electron spin; Faraday rotation ID ELECTRON-SPIN AB The generation of electron spin coherence has been studied in n-modulation-doped (In,Ga)As/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) which contain on average a single electron per dot. The doping has been confirmed by pump-probe Faraday rotation experiments in a magnetic field parallel to the heterostructure growth direction. For studying spin coherence, the magnetic field was rotated by 90 degrees to the Voigt geometry, and the precession of the electron spin about the field was monitored. The coherence is generated by resonant excitation of the QDs with circularly polarized laser pulses, creating a coherent superposition of an electron, and a trion state. The efficiency of the generation can be controlled by the pulse intensity, being most efficient for (2n+ 1)pi pulses. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Oulton, R (reprint author), Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. EM oulton@e2a.physik.uni-dortmund.de RI Greilich, Alex/A-8927-2009; Yugova, Irina/F-6823-2011; OI Yugova, Irina/0000-0003-0020-3679; Wieck, Andreas Dirk/0000-0001-9776-2922 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 272 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2006.08.028 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 121UH UT WOS:000243182000011 ER PT J AU Doty, MF Ware, ME Stinaff, EA Scheibner, M Bracker, AS Ponomarev, IV Badescu, SC Korenev, VL Reinecke, TL Gammon, D AF Doty, M. F. Ware, M. E. Stinaff, E. A. Scheibner, M. Bracker, A. S. Ponomarev, I. V. Badescu, S. C. Korenev, V. L. Reinecke, T. L. Gammon, D. TI Spin interactions in InAs quantum dots and molecules SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Semiconductor Quantum Dots (QD2006) CY MAY 01-05, 2006 CL Chamonix Mont Blanc, FRANCE ID FINE-STRUCTURE; TRION AB Spin interactions between particles in quantum dots or quantum dot molecules appear as fine structure in the photoluminescence spectra. Using the understanding of exchange interactions that has been developed from single dot spectra, we analyze the spin signatures of coupled quantum dots separated by a wide barrier such that inter-dot interactions are negligible. We find that electron-hole exchange splitting is directly evident. In dots charged with an excess hole, an effective hole-hole interaction can be turned on through tunnel coupling. (C) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Doty, MF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM doty@bloch.nrl.navy.mil RI Doty, Matthew/B-5075-2010; Ponomarev, Ilya/F-5183-2010; Ware, Morgan/I-8233-2012; Korenev, Vladimir/C-1107-2014 OI Doty, Matthew/0000-0001-7999-3567; Ponomarev, Ilya/0000-0002-8584-6034; Ware, Morgan/0000-0002-9998-4139; NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 243 IS 15 BP 3859 EP 3863 DI 10.1002/pssb.200671508 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 117XJ UT WOS:000242906300003 ER PT J AU Ponomarev, IV Scheibner, M Stinaff, EA Bracker, AS Doty, MF Badescu, SC Ware, ME Korenev, VL Reinecke, TL Gammon, D AF Ponomarev, I. V. Scheibner, M. Stinaff, E. A. Bracker, A. S. Doty, M. F. Badescu, S. C. Ware, M. E. Korenev, V. L. Reinecke, T. L. Gammon, D. TI Theory of spin states in coupled quantum dots SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Semiconductor Quantum Dots (QD 2006) CY MAY 01-05, 2006 CL Chamonix Mont Blanc, FRANCE AB The coherent quantum coupling of carriers in vertically stacked asymmetric pairs of quantum dots in applied electric fields manifests itself in rich photoluminescence spectral patterns of level crossings and anticrossings. These patterns arise from configurations of charges and spins in optically excited coupled quantum dots. We present a theoretical model that provides a useful picture of these optical properties including spin structure in terms of a minimal number of physical parameters. (C) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Ponomarev, IV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ilya@bloch.nrl.navy.mil RI Doty, Matthew/B-5075-2010; Ponomarev, Ilya/F-5183-2010; Ware, Morgan/I-8233-2012; Korenev, Vladimir/C-1107-2014 OI Doty, Matthew/0000-0001-7999-3567; Ponomarev, Ilya/0000-0002-8584-6034; Ware, Morgan/0000-0002-9998-4139; NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 243 IS 15 BP 3869 EP 3873 DI 10.1002/pssb.200671510 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 117XJ UT WOS:000242906300005 ER PT J AU Carlos, WE Garces, NY Glaser, ER Fanton, MA AF Carlos, W. E. Garces, N. Y. Glaser, E. R. Fanton, M. A. TI Annealing of multivacancy defects in 4H-SiC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SILICON-CARBIDE; SIGNATURES AB The annealing behavior of defects observed in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and photoluminescence (PL) is discussed. We consider the divacancy (the P6/P7 EPR centers) and a previously unreported EPR center that we suggest is a V-C-V-Si-V-C trivacancy and their relationship with each other and with the UD1-3 series of PL lines near 1 eV. We observe that the divacancy and the UD2 PL lines annealing behavior is strongly correlated further establishing the relationship between the EPR and PL centers. We present a detailed discussion of this center and its Si-29 and C-13 hyperfine spectra which supports our assignment as a trivacancy. The intensity of this center increases with annealing temperature as the divacancy decreases and there is a sample-to-sample correspondence between the overall intensities of the two centers. However, the details of their annealing suggest a more complex relationship than a simple one-to-one transformation. In addition, while the UD1 PL increases with annealing temperature, sample-to-sample variations indicate it is not related to this EPR center. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Penn State Univ, Electroopt Ctr, Freeport, PA 16229 USA. RP Carlos, WE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Carlos@Bloch.NRL.Navy.Mil NR 26 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2006 VL 74 IS 23 AR 235201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.235201 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 121ZO UT WOS:000243195700041 ER PT J AU Glaser, ER Magno, R Shanabrook, BV Tischler, JG AF Glaser, E. R. Magno, R. Shanabrook, B. V. Tischler, J. G. TI Determination of conduction band offsets in type-II In0.27Ga0.73Sb/InxAl1-xAsySb1-y heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS; ELECTRONIC DEVICES; ALLOYS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; TRANSISTORS AB Low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) has been performed on a set of specially designed In0.27Ga0.73Sb/InxAl1-xAsySb1-y multiple quantum well (MQW) heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy in order to provide a measure of the conduction band offsets in this material system. These alloys are of interest for the development of high-speed heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) that show promise for operation at lower power dissipation than in GaAs- and InP-based HBTs. Excitation power studies revealed evidence for strong electron-hole recombination at 0.56 eV within the InGaSb layers of the type-I MQW structure with (x=0.52,y=0.25), while several weaker indirect transitions involving electrons in the InxAl1-xAsySb1-y and holes in the InGaSb layers were observed between 0.38 and 0.53 eV from the nominally type-II MQW samples with (x,y)=(0.67,0.39) and (0.69,0.41). Neglecting small corrections (similar to 15 meV) due to the electron and hole confinement energies, we estimate conduction band offsets of similar to 120-150 meV in these type-II structures. The general trends of the PL features as a function of excitation power have been reproduced from modeling of the quantum well electron and hole subband energies, including effects due to band bending at the heterointerfaces. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Glaser, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2006 VL 74 IS 23 AR 235306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.235306 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 121ZO UT WOS:000243195700065 ER PT J AU Haftel, MI Schlockermann, C Blumberg, G AF Haftel, Michael I. Schlockermann, Carl Blumberg, G. TI Enhanced transmission with coaxial nanoapertures: Role of cylindrical surface plasmons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUBWAVELENGTH HOLE ARRAYS; EXTRAORDINARY OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; NONSTANDARD FINITE-DIFFERENCES; ANNULAR APERTURE ARRAYS; LIGHT TRANSMISSION; METALLIC-FILMS AB We simulate the optical fields and optical transmission through nanoarrays of silica rings embedded in thin gold films using the finite-difference-time-domain method. By examining the optical transmission spectra for varying ring geometries we uncover large enhancements in the transmission at wavelengths much longer than the usual cutoffs for cylindrical apertures or where the usual planar surface plasmons or other periodic effects from the array could play a role. We attribute these enhancements to closely coupled cylindrical surface plasmons on the inner and outer surfaces of the rings, and this coupling is more efficient as the inner and outer ring radii approach each other. We confirm this hypothesis by comparing the transmission peaks of the simulation with cylindrical surface plasmon (CSP) dispersion curves calculated for the geometries of interest. One important result is that a transmission peak appears in the simulations close to the frequency where the longitudinal wave number k(z) in the ring satisfies k(z)=m pi/L, where m is an integer and L the length of the aperture, for a normal CSP TE1 or TM1 mode. The behavior of the CSP dispersion is such that propagating modes can be sent through the rings for ever longer wavelengths as the ring radii approach, whereas the transmission decreases only in proportion to the ring area. C1 USN, Res Lab, Crt Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC USA. Munich Univ Appl Sci, Munich, Germany. Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Haftel, MI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Crt Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC USA. RI Mote, Rakesh/A-9534-2009 NR 35 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2006 VL 74 IS 23 AR 235405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.235405 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 121ZO UT WOS:000243195700093 ER PT J AU Ji, GH Wang, Q Zhang, PW Zhou, H AF Ji, Guanghua Wang, Qi Zhang, Pingwen Zhou, Hong TI Study of phase transition in homogeneous, rigid extended nematics and magnetic suspensions using an order-reduction method SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL POLYMERS; NEMATISCHEN KRISTALLINFLUSSIGEN PHASE; MOLEKULAR-STATISTISCHE THEORIE; SMOLUCHOWSKI-EQUATION; CLOSURE APPROXIMATIONS; SHEARING FLOWS; WEAK SHEAR; ALIGNMENT; DIAGRAM; SPHERE AB We study the phase transition in rigid extended nematics and magnetic suspensions by solving the Smoluchowski equation for magnetically polarized rigid nematic polymers and suspensions in equilibrium, in which the molecular interaction is modeled by a dipolar and excluded volume potential. The equilibrium solution (or the probability distribution of the molecular distribution) is given by a Boltzmann distribution parametrized by the (first-order) polarity vector and the (second-order) nematic order tensor along with material parameters. We show that the polarity vector coincides with one of the principal axes of the nematic order tensor so that the equilibrium distribution can be reduced to a Boltzmann distribution parametrized by three scalar order parameters, i.e., a polar order parameter and two nematic order parameters, governed by three nonlinear algebraic-integral equations. This reduction in the degree of freedom from 8 (3 in the polarity vector and 5 in the nematic order tensor) to 3 significantly simplifies the solution procedure and allows one to conduct a complete analysis on bifurcation diagrams of the order parameters with respect to the material parameters. The stability of the equilibria is inferred from the second variation of the free energy density. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Peking Univ, LMAM, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, Sch Math Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Florida State Univ, Dept Math, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Nankai Univ, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ji, GH (reprint author), Peking Univ, LMAM, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD DEC PY 2006 VL 18 IS 12 AR 123103 DI 10.1063/1.2408484 PG 17 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 121LD UT WOS:000243158200019 ER PT J AU Esaulov, AA Velikovich, AL Kantsyrev, VL Mehlhorn, TA Cuneo, ME AF Esaulov, A. A. Velikovich, A. L. Kantsyrev, V. L. Mehlhorn, T. A. Cuneo, M. E. TI Wire dynamics model of the implosion of nested and planar wire arrays SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID Z-PINCH EXPERIMENTS; POWER AB This paper presents the wire dynamics model (WDM), which can effectively replace the generic 0D (zero-dimensional) model in simulation of the implosions of arbitrary shaped wire arrays, including high-wire-number nested and planar array loads at multi-MA generators. Fast and inexpensive WDM modeling can predict the array implosion time and the rate of thermalization of the kinetic energy, and can estimate the timing of the x-ray pulse. Besides serving the purposes of the design and optimization of the wire array loads of complex configurations, the WDM reproduces the specific features of the wire array implosion dynamics due to the inductive current transfer, which makes the WDM a valuable amplification of the magnetohydrodynamic models. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Esaulov, AA (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 20 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2006 VL 13 IS 12 AR 120701 DI 10.1063/1.2402147 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 121LJ UT WOS:000243158800001 ER PT J AU Keskinen, MJ Velikovich, AL Schmitt, A AF Keskinen, M. J. Velikovich, A. L. Schmitt, A. TI Multimode evolution of the ablative Richtmyer-Meshkov and Landau-Darrieus instability in laser imprint of planar targets SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; PERTURBATION GROWTH; TAYLOR INSTABILITY; DRIVEN; SATURATION; FRONTS; MODEL AB A mode-coupling model is developed to treat the multimode evolution of the ablative Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) and Landau-Darrieus (LD) instability in the laser imprint of planar targets. Using this mode coupling model, the multimode power spectrum of the RM and LD instability is computed. For the RM instability, mode-coupling effects lead to a broadening of the oscillatory minima found in linear RM theory. For the LD instability, mode-coupling effects generate an inverse power law spectrum. C1 USN, Res Lab, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Laser Plasma Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keskinen, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2006 VL 13 IS 12 AR 122703 DI 10.1063/1.2399460 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 121LJ UT WOS:000243158800034 ER PT J AU Petrov, GM Davis, J Velikovich, AL AF Petrov, G. M. Davis, J. Velikovich, A. L. TI Neutron production from high-intensity laser-cluster induced fusion reactions SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID DEUTERIUM CLUSTERS; FEMTOSECOND LASER; NUCLEAR-FUSION; COULOMB EXPLOSION; MOLECULAR CLUSTERS; DRIVEN; ELECTRON; DYNAMICS; PLASMAS; FIELDS AB The fusion neutron yield from a compact neutron source is studied. Laser-irradiated deuterium clusters serve as a precursor of high-energy deuterons, which react with a tritium target and produce copious amounts of neutrons in fusion reactions. The Coulomb explosion of deuterium clusters with initial radius of 5 to 20 nm irradiated by a sub-picosecond laser with intensity ranging from 10(15) to 10(18) W cm(-2) is examined theoretically by a MD model. The dependence of the mean and maximum ion kinetic energy, ion energy distribution function and conversion efficiency of laser energy to ion kinetic energy is investigated. The fusion yield was estimated from an ion beam-target model. A high neutron yield of similar to 10(6) - 10(7) neutrons/Joule is obtainable for peak laser intensity of 10(16) - 10(18) W cm(-2), laser wavelength of 0.8 - 1 mu m and clusters with an initial radius of similar to 20 nm. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petrov, GM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2006 VL 48 IS 12 BP 1721 EP 1739 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/48/12/003 PG 19 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 112TN UT WOS:000242550200003 ER PT J AU Clunan, AL AF Clunan, Anne L. TI The fight against terrorist financing SO POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID INTERNATIONAL-LAW C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Clunan, AL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD POLITICAL SCIENCE PI NEW YORK PA 475 RIVERSIDE DRIVE, SUITE 1274, NEW YORK, NY 10115-1274 USA SN 0032-3195 J9 POLIT SCI QUART JI Polit. Sci. Q. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 121 IS 4 BP 569 EP 596 PG 28 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 124AU UT WOS:000243340000002 ER PT J AU Wirtz, JJ AF Wirtz, James J. TI The end of Iraq: How American incompetence created a war without end SO POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Wirtz, JJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD POLITICAL SCIENCE PI NEW YORK PA 475 RIVERSIDE DRIVE, SUITE 1274, NEW YORK, NY 10115-1274 USA SN 0032-3195 J9 POLIT SCI QUART JI Polit. Sci. Q. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 121 IS 4 BP 710 EP 712 PG 3 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 124AU UT WOS:000243340000015 ER PT J AU Gallant, FM Bruck, HA Prickett, SE AF Gallant, Frederick M. Bruck, Hugh A. Prickett, Suzanne E. TI Effects of Twin-Screw Extrusion processing on the burning rate of composite propellants SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE composite propellants; Twin-Screw Extrusion; burning rate; Petite Ensemble Model; experimental surface response analysis ID MIXTURE EXPERIMENTS AB A new process for continuous manufacturing of composite propellants has been developed using Twin Screw Extrusion (TSE). The effects of TSE-processing on the burning rates of an ammonium perchlorate (AP)-based composite propellant have been characterized over a wide composition range (79 to 87 wt. % AP) and a wide range of screw speeds (45 to 85 RPM) using a quadratic model for an experimental Response Surface Analysis (RSA) based on the Kowalski, Cornell, and Vining (KCV) algorithm. Using Student's T-test, it was determined that burning rates obtained from strand-burning rate tests at 3.5 MPa, 7.0 MPa, and 10.5 MPa are affected only by the individual ingredients, the interaction between the coarse AP particles and the binder, and the screw speed. Measured burning rates were found to be 40% to 100% higher than Petite Ensemble Model (PEM) predictions, which was accounted for by modifying the PEM through a power law relationship with pressure that includes a rule-of-mixtures dependence of the exponent and coefficient on the weight fraction of coarse and fine AP particles. The resulting modified PEM reduced differences between the predictions and experimental data by 79% at 3.5 MPa, 83% at 7.0 MPa, and 78% at 10.5 MPa. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Bruck, HA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, 2153 Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM bruck@umd.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 6 BP 456 EP 465 DI 10.1002/prep.200600062 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 123NP UT WOS:000243302900006 ER PT J AU Venter, A Ifa, DR Cooks, RG Poehlein, SK Chin, A Ellison, D AF Venter, Andre Ifa, Demian R. Cooks, R. Graham Poehlein, Sara K. Chin, Anton Ellison, Dan TI A desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry study of aging products of diphenylamine stabilizer in double-base propellants SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE double-base propellants; diphenylamine; desorption electrospray ionization (DESI); polymer analysis; color bodies AB Double-base propellants consisting of nitrocellulose, nitroglycerin and stabilizer undergo chemical and physical changes upon aging, leading to changes in ballistic power and presenting explosive hazards. During aging, PTFE seals of the glass ampoules used in the aging studies undergo a yellow discoloration. This report studies the discoloration of the liners using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), a gentle surface analysis technique based on electrospray ionization. The color bodies in the PTFE liners were identified by DESI together with tandem mass spectrometry to be the nitrated derivatives of the diphenylamine stabilizer: dinitro-, trinitro-, and tetranitrodiphenylamine. While increased nitration decreases vapor pressure of the DPA species, an increase in solubility in the PTFE liners occurs. This may account for these species not previously being observed during early aging studies as they are preferentially absorbed into the liners, which were not extracted prior to high performance liquid-chromatography analysis. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USN, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Venter, A (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM aventer@purdue.edu RI Venter, Andre/A-8294-2013; Cooks, R/G-1051-2015; Ifa, Demian/D-3978-2012 OI Venter, Andre/0000-0001-6912-7446; Cooks, R/0000-0002-9581-9603; NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 6 BP 472 EP 476 DI 10.1002/prep.200600064 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 123NP UT WOS:000243302900008 ER PT J AU Whitten, DG Achyuthan, KE Lopez, GP Kim, OK AF Whitten, David G. Achyuthan, Komandoor E. Lopez, Gabriel P. Kim, Oh-Kil TI Cooperative self-assembly of cyanines on carboxymethylamylose and other anionic scaffolds as tools for fluorescence-based biochemical sensing SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st IUPAC Symposium on Photochemistry CY APR 02-07, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN DE cyanine dyes; carbohydrate polymers; biosensing; fluorescence; carboxymethylamylose ID DYES; AGGREGATION; DYNAMICS; TEMPLATES; EMISSION AB We recently found that certain cyanines form tight complexes with carboxymethylamylose (CMA) in aqueous solutions and that in these complexes the cyanine exists as a strongly fluorescent and stable J-aggregate. Cyanine dyes are characterized by their ability to form J-aggregates showing very narrow absorption and fluorescence spectra relative to the monomer. Although they have found uses in sensing applications, the practicability has been limited in many cases due to the low quantum efficiencies for J-aggregate fluorescence. The CMA-cyanine complex is formed by a cooperative self-assembly in which both components undergo conformational changes during the association. The CMA exists as a random coil in solution prior to complex formation; helix formation is prevented due to repulsion of the charges on the carboxymethylated glucose units. The cyanine exists as a nonfluorescent monomer in the same solutions. A helical atomic force microscopy image and large induced circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the cyanine J-aggregate indicate that the self-assembly is a superhelix scaffold of CMA decorated with J-aggregates of the cyanine. Similar behavior was also observed with carboxymethylated cellulose (CMC). Enzymatic disruption of the helical structures (e.g., by the use of amylase to disrupt the structure of CMA helix) leads to the disappearance of the J-aggregate-associated fluorescence. The photophysical behavior and applications of this complex for sensing are discussed. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr Biomed Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Biosensors & Nanomat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Inst Nanosci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Whitten, DG (reprint author), Univ New Mexico 1, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Farris Engn Ctr 209, MSC01 1120, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM whitten@unm.edu NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 104 TW ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 13757, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-3757 USA SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 78 IS 12 BP 2313 EP 2323 DI 10.1351/pac200678122313 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 117AG UT WOS:000242844300012 ER PT J AU Yan, Y Pick, M Wang, M Krucker, S Vourlidas, A AF Yan, Y. Pick, M. Wang, M. Krucker, S. Vourlidas, A. TI A radio burst and its associated CME on March 17, 2002 SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB In this study, we present a detailed analysis, based on multiwavelength observations and magnetic field extrapolation, of a radio and X-ray event observed on March 17, 2002. This event was accompanied by a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) observed by the Large-Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) aboard SOHO. During the main event, the Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) mission observed a hard X-ray emission correlated in time with the development of a type III burst group. The CME development, the hard X-ray emission, and the type III burst group appear to be closely associated. The multifrequency Nancay Radioheliograph (NRH) shows that the type III bursts are produced at a distance from the active region that progressively increases with time. Their emitting sources are distributed along the western edge of the CME. We conclude the type III electron beams propagate in the interface region between the ascending CME and the neighboring open field lines. Due to the development of the CME, this region becomes progressively highly compressed. By measuring, at each frequency, the shift versus time of the type III positions, we estimate that the electron density in this compression region increased roughly by a factor of 10 over a few minutes. Another signature of this compression region is a narrow white light feature interpreted as a coronal shock driven by the CME lateral expansion. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. Observ Paris, Meudon Sect, LESIA, CNRS,UMR 8109, F-92195 Meudon, France. Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Yunnan Observ, Kunming 650011, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lab Space Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yan, Y (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. EM yyh@bao.ac.cn RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 239 IS 1-2 BP 277 EP 292 DI 10.1007/s11207-006-0202-6 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 115AJ UT WOS:000242706500014 ER PT J AU Yurchyshyn, V Liu, C Abramenko, V Krall, J AF Yurchyshyn, V. Liu, C. Abramenko, V. Krall, J. TI The May 13, 2005 eruption: Observations, data analysis and interpretation SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC CLOUDS; ACTIVE REGIONS; ELECTRIC CURRENTS; SOLAR-WIND; FLUX ROPES; FLARE PHENOMENA; H-ALPHA; FIELDS; RECONNECTION AB In this study, we present detailed description and analysis of the May 13, 2005 eruption, the corresponding coronal mass ejection (CME) and intense geomagnetic storm observed near the Earth on May 15, 2005. This isolated two-ribbon M8.0 flare and the very fast CME occurred in a relatively simple magnetic configuration during a quiet period of solar activity, which enabled us to reliably associate the solar surface event with its counterpart observed in the Earth magnetosphere. In our study, we utilized (i) various tools to analyze a multi-wavelength data set that includes ground (BBSO vector magnetograms, H alpha) and space (SOHO, TRACE, RHESSI and ACE) based data; (ii) linear force-free modeling to reconstruct the coronal field above the active region and (iii) erupting flux rope (EFR) model to simulate a near-Sun halo CME and a near-Earth interplanetary CME (ICME). Our findings indicate that persisting converging and shearing motions near the main neutral line could lead to the formation of twisted core fields and eventually their eruption via reconnection. In the discussed scenario, the in situ formed erupting loop can be observed as a magnetic cloud (MC) when it reaches the Earth. The EFR model was able to produce both a model halo CME and ICME providing a good global match to the overall timing and components of the magnetic field in the observed MC. The orientation of the model ICME and the sense of the twist, inferred from the EFR model, agree well with the orientation and the magnetic helicity found in the source active region. C1 Big Bear Solar Observ, Big Bear City, CA 92314 USA. New Jersey Inst Technol, Ctr Solar Res, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yurchyshyn, V (reprint author), Big Bear Solar Observ, Big Bear City, CA 92314 USA. OI Liu, Chang/0000-0002-6178-7471 NR 55 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 239 IS 1-2 BP 317 EP 335 DI 10.1007/s11207-006-0177-3 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 115AJ UT WOS:000242706500016 ER PT J AU Aboul-Enein, Y AF Aboul-Enein, Youssef TI New terror, new wars. SO TERRORISM AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Med Serv Corps, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Aboul-Enein, Y (reprint author), USN, Med Serv Corps, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-6553 J9 TERROR POLIT VIOLENC JI Terror. Polit. Violence PD WIN PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 BP 604 EP 605 DI 10.1080/09546550601000306 PG 3 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 085WW UT WOS:000240636100008 ER PT J AU Aboul-Enein, Y AF Aboul-Enein, Youssef TI Fascism and democracy in the human mind: A bridge between mind and society. SO TERRORISM AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Med Serv Corps, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Aboul-Enein, Y (reprint author), USN, Med Serv Corps, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-6553 J9 TERROR POLIT VIOLENC JI Terror. Polit. Violence PD WIN PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 BP 614 EP 615 DI 10.1080/09546550601000355 PG 3 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 085WW UT WOS:000240636100013 ER PT J AU Aboul-Enein, Y AF Aboul-Enein, Youssef TI Identity and violence: The illusion of destiny. SO TERRORISM AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Med Serv Corps, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aboul-Enein, Y (reprint author), USN, Med Serv Corps, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-6553 J9 TERROR POLIT VIOLENC JI Terror. Polit. Violence PD WIN PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 BP 614 EP 615 DI 10.1080/09546550601000355 PG 3 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 085WW UT WOS:000240636100012 ER PT J AU Valeri, CR Ragno, G AF Valeri, C. Robert Ragno, Gina TI Red blood cell and platelet transfusions in the treatment of anemic thrombocytopenic patients SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Letter ID BLEEDING-TIME C1 USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA USA. RP Valeri, CR (reprint author), USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA USA. EM Navblood@nbrl.org NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 12 BP 2210 EP 2211 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.01054.x PG 3 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 108LT UT WOS:000242242000027 PM 17176338 ER PT J AU Medintz, IL AF Medintz, Igor L. TI Recent progress in developing FRET-based intracellular sensors for the detection of small molecule nutrients and ligands SO TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; PROTEIN; NANOSENSORS; CELLS; CONSTRUCTION; BIOSENSORS; FAMILY AB Intracellular sensors for nutrients such as sugars, metabolic precursors and signaling ligands such as amino acids will help to elucidate the complex roles of these small molecules in biology. In this update, several recently developed sensors, originating from the Frommer laboratory, which combine bacterial periplasmic-binding protein-based specificity for ligand targeting with fluorescent protein-derived resonance energy transfer for signal transduction are reviewed. The insight gained from designing these sensors, along with the preliminary results gathered from their first application, serve to illustrate the impact that they can have on improving our fundamental understanding of biology. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Imedintz@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0167-7799 J9 TRENDS BIOTECHNOL JI Trends Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 24 IS 12 BP 539 EP 542 DI 10.1016/j.tibtech.2006.10.008 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 116HY UT WOS:000242794400002 PM 17070948 ER PT J AU Hendricks, EA Montgomery, MT AF Hendricks, Eric A. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Rapid scan views of convectively generated mesovortices in sheared Tropical Cyclone Gustav (2002) SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID HURRICANES; CYCLOGENESIS; REANALYSIS; ISABEL; CORE AB On 9-10 September 2002, multiple mesovortices were captured in great detail by rapid scan visible satellite imagery in subtropical, then later, Tropical Storm Gustav. These mesovortices were observed as low-level cloud swirls while the low-level structure of the storm was exposed due to vertical shearing. They are shown to form most plausibly via vortex tube stretching associated with deep convection; they become decoupled from the convective towers by vertical shear; they are advected with the low-level circulation; finally they initiate new hot towers on their boundaries. Partial evidence of an axisymmetrizing mesovortex and its hypothesized role in the parent vortex spinup is presented. Observations from the mesoscale and synoptic scale are synthesized to provide a multiscale perspective of the intensification of Gustav that occurred on 10 September. The most important large-scale factors were the concurrent relaxation of the 850-200-hPa-deep layer vertical wind shear from 10-15 to 5-10 ms(-1) and movement over pockets of very warm sea surface temperatures (approximately 29.5 degrees-30.5 degrees C). The mesoscale observations are not sufficient alone to determine the precise role of the deep convection and mesovortices in the intensification. However, qualitative comparisons are made between the mesoscale processes observed in Gustav and recent full-physics and idealized numerical simulations to obtain additional insight. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hendricks, EA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM eric.hendricks@gmail.com NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1041 EP 1050 DI 10.1175/WAF950.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 119DU UT WOS:000242993200009 ER PT J AU Kecskemeti, G Smausz, T Kresz, N Toth, Z Hopp, B Chrisey, D Berkesi, O AF Kecskemeti, G. Smausz, T. Kresz, N. Toth, Zs. Hopp, B. Chrisey, D. Berkesi, O. TI Pulsed laser deposition of polyhydroxybutyrate biodegradable polymer thin films using ArF excimer laser SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ablation; AFM; ellipsometry; FTIR spectra; PLD; polyhydroxybutyrate; surface analysis ID POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES; CELLS AB We demonstrated the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of high quality films of a biodegradable polymer, the polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). Thin films of PHB were deposited on KBr substrates and fused silica plates using an ArF (lambda = 193 nm, FWHM = 30 ns) excimer laser with fluences between 0.05 and 1.5 J cm(-2). FTIR spectroscopic measurements proved that at the appropriate fluence (0.05, 0.09 and 0.12 J cm(-2)), the films exhibited similar functional groups with no significant laser-produced modifications present. Optical microscopic images showed that the layers were contiguous with embedded micrometer-sized grains. Ellipsometric results determined the wavelength dependence (lambda similar to 245-1000 nm) of the refractive index and absorption coefficient which were new information about the material and were not published in the scientific literature. We believe that our deposited PHB thin films would have more possible applications. For example to our supposal the thin layers would be applicable in laser induced forward transfer (LIFT) of biological materials using them as absorbing thin films. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Szeged, Dept Opt & Quantum Elect, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Grp Laser Phys, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Szeged, Dept Phys Chem, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. RP Kecskemeti, G (reprint author), Univ Szeged, Dept Opt & Quantum Elect, Dom Ter 9, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. EM kega@physx.u-szeged.hu; tomi@physx.u-szeged.hu; knr@physx.u-szeged.hu; ztoth@physx.u-szeged.hu; bhopp@physx.u-szeged.hu; chrisey@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; oberkesi@chem.u-szeged.hu RI Toth, Zsolt/D-3516-2012; OI Smausz Kolumban, Tomi/0000-0002-5184-6124 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD NOV 30 PY 2006 VL 253 IS 3 BP 1185 EP 1189 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.01.084 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 116QS UT WOS:000242818000024 ER PT J AU O'Reilly, SE Furukawa, Y Newell, S AF O'Reilly, S. E. Furukawa, Yoko Newell, Steven TI Dissolution and microbial Fe(III) reduction of nontronite (NAu-1) SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nontronite; miscible flow study; TEM; anaerobic bacteria; iron; reduction; dissolution; Shewanella oneidensis; smectite ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; FERRIC IRON; STRUCTURAL FE(III); OXIDATION-STATE; CLAY-MINERALS; SMECTITE; BACTERIA; IRON(III); AVAILABILITY; FLOCCULATION AB We investigated interactions between ferruginous smectite (NAu-1) and facultative dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria, Shewanella oneidensis, in order to determine whether the bacteria are directly respiring structural Fe(III) or respiring Fe(III) after it has been dissolved from the structure of the clay. Anaerobic flow-through experiments were used to facilitate the microbial reduction under controlled solution chemistry and to monitor the time-dependent concentrations of Fe, Al, and Si, which are major structural components of NAu-1. Complimentary batch experiments were conducted to allow for time series examinations of the reacted solid and extensive control experiments. The control experiments revealed that NAu-1 dissolution occurred under anaerobic, aerobic, biotic, and abiotic conditions even when Fe remained oxidized due to the presence of O-2 or the absence of viable bacteria. Thus, this study shows that NAu-1 dissolution precedes microbial reduction of Fe. The dissolution products of this dynamic system are present not only in solution, but also as secondary precipitates and/or adsorbates. Thus, S. oneidensis in our systems are primarily respiring Fe(III) in the aqueous phase or associated with secondary solids, rather than Fe(III) that is still a part of the crystalline NAu-1 structure. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP O'Reilly, SE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM eoreilly@nrlssc.navy.mil; yfurukawa@nrissc.navy.mil; snewell@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013 NR 36 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD NOV 30 PY 2006 VL 235 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.05.010 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 115UH UT WOS:000242758800001 ER PT J AU BenMoussa, A Theissen, A Scholze, F Hochedez, JF Schule, U Schmutz, W Haenen, K Stockman, Y Soltani, A McMullin, D Vest, RE Kroth, U Laubis, C Richter, M Mortet, V Gissot, S Delouille, V Dominique, M Koller, S Halain, JP Remes, Z Petersen, R D'Olieslaeger, M Defise, JM AF BenMoussa, A. Theissen, A. Scholze, F. Hochedez, J. F. Schuehle, U. Schmutz, W. Haenen, K. Stockman, Y. Soltani, A. McMullin, D. Vest, R. E. Kroth, U. Laubis, C. Richter, M. Mortet, V. Gissot, S. Delouille, V. Dominique, M. Koller, S. Halain, J. P. Remes, Z. Petersen, R. D'Olieslaeger, M. Defise, J. -M TI Performance of diamond detectors for VUV applications SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Symposium on Semiconductor Detectors CY JUN 12-16, 2005 CL Wildbad Kreuth, GERMANY SP iseg Spezialelektronik GmbH, Micron Semiconduc Ltd, PNSensor GmbH, XIA LLC DE UV detectors; diamond; solar-blind photodetector ID RADIATION DETECTORS; BESSY-II; PHOTODIODES; RADIOMETER; LYRA; PTB AB We report on experimental results with photodetectors made of diamond. the Large Yield Radiometer (LYRA), will use such detectors for the first time for a solar physics space instrument. A (LYRA) set of measurement campaigns was carried out to obtain their XUV-to-VIS characterization (responsivity, linearity, stability, homogeneity). The responsivity has been measured from the XUV to the NIR, in the wavelength range 1-1127 nm (i.e. 1240-1.1 eV). The diamond detectors exhibit a photoresponse varying in the 40-75 mA/W range at 7 nm and demonstrate a visible rejection ratio (200 versus 500 nm) larger than four orders of magnitude. We show that diamond photodetectors are sensitive sensors for VUV photons, stable within a few percent, with a good linearity and moderate homogeneity. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Royal Observ Belgium, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Inst Berlin, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Phys Meteorol Observ Davos, World Radiat Ctr, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. Limburgs Univ Ctr, Inst Mat Res, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. IMEC VZW, Div IMOMEC, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. Ctr Spatial Liege, B-4031 Angleur, Belgium. IEMN, F-59652 Villeneuve Dascq, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP BenMoussa, A (reprint author), Royal Observ Belgium, Circular Ave 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. EM ali.benmoussa@oma.be RI Richter, Mathias/A-2995-2011; Haenen, Ken/G-8783-2011; Mortet, Vincent/G-6180-2014; Remes, Zdenek/G-9420-2014; Schmutz, Werner/B-4153-2014 OI Haenen, Ken/0000-0001-6711-7367; Remes, Zdenek/0000-0002-3512-9256; Schmutz, Werner/0000-0003-1159-5639 NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 30 PY 2006 VL 568 IS 1 BP 398 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.06.007 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 115NZ UT WOS:000242742300065 ER PT J AU Pons, T Medintz, IL Wang, X English, DS Mattoussi, H AF Pons, Thomas Medintz, Igor L. Wang, Xiang English, Douglas S. Mattoussi, Hedi TI Solution-phase single quantum dot fluorescence resonance energy transfer SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIVE CELLS; CDSE; NANOCRYSTALS; PROTEIN; DYNAMICS; MOLECULE; SPECTROSCOPY; CLEAVAGE; DONORS AB We present a single particle fluorescence resonance energy transfer (spFRET) study of freely diffusing self-assembled quantum dot (QD) bioconjugate sensors, composed of CdSe-ZnS core-shell QD donors surrounded by dye- labeled protein acceptors. We first show that there is direct correlation between single particle and ensemble FRET measurements in terms of derived FRET efficiencies and donor-acceptor separation distances. We also find that, in addition to increased sensitivity, spFRET provides information about FRET efficiency distributions which can be used to resolve distinct sensor subpopulations. We use this capacity to gain information about the distribution in the valence of self-assembled QD-protein conjugates and show that this distribution follows Poisson statistics. We then apply spFRET to characterize heterogeneity in single sensor interactions with the substrate/target and show that such heterogeneity varies with the target concentration. The binding constant derived from spFRET is consistent with ensemble measurements. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Chem & Biomol Engn Dept, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Div Opt Sci, Code 5611,Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hedi.mattoussi@nrl.navy.mil RI Pons, Thomas/A-8667-2008; English, Douglas/B-9382-2009 OI Pons, Thomas/0000-0001-8800-4302; NR 35 TC 189 Z9 193 U1 7 U2 70 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 29 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 47 BP 15324 EP 15331 DI 10.1021/ja0657253 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 108BU UT WOS:000242216100062 PM 17117885 ER PT J AU Petrov, GM Davis, J Velikovich, AL AF Petrov, G. M. Davis, J. Velikovich, A. L. TI Tunable synchrotron radiation from high intensity laser-cluster interaction SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC CLUSTERS; ABSORPTION; PULSES AB A tunable source of synchrotron radiation based on the interaction of a high intensity laser with small Xe clusters is studied. The synchrotron radiation yield for clusters with initial radii of 20 and 50 A using a KrF laser (248 nm) with a pulse duration of 83.3 fs and laser intensity varying from 10(17) to 10(20) W cm(-2) was examined theoretically. Clusters irradiated by an intense femtosecond laser pulse produce x-rays more efficiently than solids or gases, because the electrons ionized by and oscillating in the electromagnetic field of the laser absorb more energy and radiate together. This paper calculates the conversion efficiency for a similar to 100 fs KrF laser pulse around 10(19) W cm(-2) on Xe clusters with nm sizes to be a few percent. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petrov, GM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6720, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD NOV 28 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 22 BP 4617 EP 4625 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/39/22/006 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 114EN UT WOS:000242649600011 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Capaccioli, S Roland, CM AF Ngai, K. L. Capaccioli, S. Roland, C. M. TI Comment on "A molecular dynamics simulation study of relaxation processes in the dynamical fast component of miscible polymer blends" SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Editorial Material ID MIXTURES C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. CNR, INFM, CRS, SOFT, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012 OI Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918 NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 28 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 24 BP 8543 EP 8543 DI 10.1021/ma061279s PG 1 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 107OK UT WOS:000242180700047 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL O'Shea, PG Feldman, DW Moody, NA AF Jensen, Kevin L. O'Shea, P. G. Feldman, D. W. Moody, N. A. TI Theoretical model of the intrinsic emittance of a photocathode SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREE-ELECTRON LASERS AB A theoretical expression for the intrinsic emittance of a photocathode is developed based on a method of evaluating moments of the emission distribution function. The method is first used to reevaluate the well-known rms emittance of a thermionic source, and then, using analogous approximations but with an updated theoretical model of photoemission, an equation for the intrinsic emittance and brightness of a photocathode of comparable simplicity to the thermionic case is obtained in the limit of weak field and low temperature. C1 USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kevin.jensen@nrl.navy.mil RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 27 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 22 AR 224103 DI 10.1063/1.2387968 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 112PJ UT WOS:000242538500149 ER PT J AU Park, HD Prokes, SM Twigg, ME Cammarata, RC Gaillot, AC AF Park, Hyun D. Prokes, S. M. Twigg, M. E. Cammarata, Robert C. Gaillot, Anne-Claire TI Si-assisted growth of InAs nanowires SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MECHANISM; GAAS AB The authors report on the growth of InAs nanowires using nanometer-sized Si clusters in a closed system without any metal catalyst. The growth was performed at 580 degrees C for 30 min using 1.3 nm thickness of SiOx. It is suggested that the nanowire growth occurred due to highly reactive nanometer-sized Si clusters, which are formed by phase separation of SiOx. The authors have also examined the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism under various oxidizing conditions, including different oxygen pressures (200 and 800 mTorr) and oxidized Au-In tip. The results indicate the inhibiting effect of oxygen on the VLS mechanism. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Park, HD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM park@bloch.nrl.navy.mil; prokes@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Cammarata, Robert /A-3307-2010 NR 23 TC 127 Z9 141 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 27 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 22 AR 223125 DI 10.1063/1.2398917 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 112PJ UT WOS:000242538500110 ER PT J AU Qadri, SB Bellotti, JA Garzarella, A Wieting, T Wu, DH Mahadik, NA AF Qadri, Syed B. Bellotti, Jeffrey A. Garzarella, Anthony Wieting, Terence Wu, Dong Ho Mahadik, Nadeemullah A. TI Phase transition in Sr0.75Ba0.25NbO3 near the Curie temperature SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRONTIUM BARIUM NIOBATE; THERMAL-EXPANSION; CRYSTAL; ORDER AB Strontium barium niobate has the tungsten-bronze structure with a tetragonal unit cell, and it exhibits negative thermal expansion along the c axis between -120 degrees C and room temperature while having a positive thermal expansion along the a axis for the same temperature range. At higher temperatures, close to the Curie temperature and above, the negative thermal expansion along the c axis changes to positive thermal expansion. The a axis lattice parameter as a function of temperature shows a change in slope at the Curie temperature. These results indicate the presence of a second-order phase transition near the Curie temperature. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM qadri@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Mahadik, Nadeemullah/C-8551-2009 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 27 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 22 AR 222911 DI 10.1063/1.2398911 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 112PJ UT WOS:000242538500084 ER PT J AU Bayya, SS Chin, GD Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Bayya, S. S. Chin, G. D. Sanghera, J. S. Aggarwal, I. D. TI Germanate glass as a window for high energy laser systems SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB A modified Barium Gallo-Germanate glass has been developed as an exit window for high energy lasers operating in the mid-infrared wavelength region. All the physical properties, for application as a window for high energy laser systems have been measured. Absorption loss and thermo-optic coefficient were identified as key in developing the Barium Gallo-Germanate glass for high energy laser applications. A purification method was developed to reduce the absorption loss of the glass from 6x10(-2) cm(-1) to 2x10(-3) cm(-1) at 3.8 mu m. Manufacturability in large size windows has been demonstrated with the fabrication of an 18 '' diameter prototype window. Modified Barium Gallo-Germanate glasses have also been developed with lower thermo-optic coefficient resulting in lower optical path distortion. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bayya, SS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM shyam.bayya@nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 27 PY 2006 VL 14 IS 24 BP 11687 EP 11693 DI 10.1364/OE.14.011687 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 109RH UT WOS:000242325700023 PM 19529589 ER PT J AU Sarpkaya, T AF Sarpkaya, Turgut TI Structures of separation on a circular cylinder in periodic flow SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID KEULEGAN-CARPENTER NUMBERS; OSCILLATORY FLOW; CROSS-FLOW; STATIONARY; FORCES; FLUID; DNS AB The structures of separation on a smooth circular cylinder immersed in a sinusoidally oscillating flow are examined in detail for a constant value of the frequency parameter as the Keulegan-Carpenter number K is systematically increased from the marginally stable to fully separated region in the (K, beta)-plane. The positions of the separation points are measured using sublayer fences, flush-mounted hot-film sensors, and extensive high-speed video recordings. The variations of the length scales of the resulting structures, the irregularity of the dye concentration fields, and measurements with two sensors have shown that the separation is three-dimensional, time-dependent, often turbulent, and far from being an eruption of a double-sided single shear layer, or a self-contained bubble. The increase of the three-dimensionality of the flow, evolution of various sizes of structures, secondary separations within the primary separation zone, and the occasional eruption of multiple shear layers are quite similar to the first direct numerical simulation of a laminar separation bubble in the presence of an oscillating inlet flow. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sarpkaya, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 19 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD NOV 25 PY 2006 VL 567 BP 281 EP 297 DI 10.1017/S0022112006002278 PG 17 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 111CG UT WOS:000242428000013 ER PT J AU Lastovicka, J Akmaev, RA Beig, G Bremer, J Emmert, JT AF Lastovicka, J. Akmaev, R. A. Beig, G. Bremer, J. Emmert, J. T. TI Global change in the upper atmosphere SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID LONG-TERM TRENDS; THERMOSPHERE; IONOSPHERE; MESOSPHERE; DECREASE; DENSITY C1 Inst Atmospher Phys, Prague 14131, Czech Republic. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. Leibnitz Inst Atmospher Phys, D-18225 Kuhlungsborn, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lastovicka, J (reprint author), Inst Atmospher Phys, Prague 14131, Czech Republic. EM jla@ufa.cas.cz RI Lastovicka, Jan/H-6804-2014 OI Lastovicka, Jan/0000-0002-1454-3183 NR 13 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 24 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5803 BP 1253 EP 1254 DI 10.1126/science.1135134 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 108BR UT WOS:000242215800030 PM 17124313 ER PT J AU Escobar, S Meadows, C Meseguer, J AF Escobar, Santiago Meadows, Catherine Meseguer, Jose TI A rewriting-based inference system for the NRL Protocol Analyzer and its meta-logical properties SO THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Automated Reasoning for Security Protocol Analysis CY JUL 16, 2005 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL ID SPECIFICATION; VERIFICATION; SECURITY AB The NRL Protocol Analyzer (NPA) is a tool for the formal specification and analysis of cryptographic protocols that has been used with great effect on a number of complex real-life protocols. One of the most interesting of its features is that it can be used to reason about security in face of attempted attacks on low-level algebraic properties of the functions used in a protocol. Indeed, it has been used successfully to either reproduce or discover a number of such attacks. In this paper we give for the first time a precise formal specification of the main features of the NPA inference system: its grammar-based techniques for invariant generation and its backwards reachability analysis method. This formal specification is given within the well-known rewriting framework so that the inference system is specified as a set of rewrite rules modulo an equational theory describing the behavior of the cryptographic algorithms involved. We then use this formalization to prove some important meta-logical properties about the NPA inference system, including the soundness and completeness of the search algorithm and soundness of the grammar generation algorithm. The formalization and soundness and completeness theorems not only provide also a better understanding of the NPA as it currently operates, but provide a modular basis which can be used as a starting point for increasing the types of equational theories it can handle. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Politecn Valencia, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Escobar, S (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. EM sescobar@dsic.upv.es; meadows@itd.nrl.navy.mil; meseguer@cs.uiuc.edu RI Escobar, Santiago/C-9589-2012 OI Escobar, Santiago/0000-0002-3550-4781 NR 33 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3975 J9 THEOR COMPUT SCI JI Theor. Comput. Sci. PD NOV 24 PY 2006 VL 367 IS 1-2 BP 162 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.tcs.2006.08.035 PG 41 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 111AZ UT WOS:000242424300008 ER PT J AU Petrowsky, M Frech, R Suarez, SN Jayakody, JRP Greenbaum, S AF Petrowsky, Matt Frech, Roger Suarez, Sophia N. Jayakody, J. R. P. Greenbaum, Steven TI Investigation of fundamental transport properties and thermodynamics in diglyme-salt solutions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; GEL ELECTROLYTES; IONIC ASSOCIATION; NMR MEASUREMENTS; FIELD GRADIENT; CONDUCTIVITY; DIFFUSION; RAMAN; CRYSTALLINE; CONDUCTANCE AB Ionic mobility, the thermodynamics of ionic association, and the structure of associated species are studied in solutions of diglyme containing either lithium triflate or tetrabutylammonium triflate. Infrared spectroscopic, PFG NMR, thermodynamic, and crystallographic data suggest that the solute species existing in diglymelithium triflate are "free" ions, contact ion pairs, and dimers. Equilibrium constants, Delta S degrees, Delta H degrees, and Delta G degrees are calculated for processes occurring between these species. In particular, the equilibrium constant, corrected for nonideality using a modified Debye-Huckel expression, is calculated for the dissociation of contact ion pairs into "free" cations and anions. A second equilibrium constant for the formation of dimers from contact ion pairs is also calculated; these constants do not significantly vary with salt concentration up to about 1.3 x 10(-3) mol cm(-3). The measured temperature dependence of equilibrium constants was used to calculate Delta H degrees and Delta S degrees for the two processes. The value of Delta S degrees = -102 J mol(-1) K-1 for the dissociation of contact ion pairs shows that the large entropy decrease due to cation solvation outweighs the entropy increase due to dissociation of a contact ion pair. Ionic mobilities are calculated in lithium triflate-diglyme solutions using conductivity data in conjunction with information about the nature and concentrations of solute species obtained from IR spectroscopy. Mobilities in tetrabutlyammonium triflate-diglyme solutions are calculated directly from conductivity data. It was concluded that the concentration dependence of the molar conductivity is due in large part to the variation of the ion mobilities with concentration. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norman, OK 73019 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Kelaniya, Dept Phys, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. RP Frech, R (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM rfrech@ou.edu OI Suarez, Sophia /0000-0001-6246-3498 NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 23 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 46 BP 23012 EP 23021 DI 10.1021/jp060113q PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 105PX UT WOS:000242045900016 PM 17107139 ER PT J AU Henderson, WA Young, VG Pearson, W Passerini, S De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Henderson, W. A. Young, V. G., Jr. Pearson, W. Passerini, S. De Long, H. C. Trulove, P. C. TI Thermal phase behaviour of N-alkyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium and piperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salts SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID PLASTIC CRYSTAL PHASES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; IONIC LIQUID; PYRROLIDINIUM CATIONS; MOLECULAR MOTIONS; MOLTEN-SALTS; TFSI-ANIONS; 1-2 COMPLEX; TRANSITIONS; 7,7,8,8-TETRACYANO-PARA-QUINODIMETHANE AB The phases, ion crystal packing and thermal properties of the N-alkylN- methylpyrrolidinium and piperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (PYR(1R)TFSI and PIP(1R)TFSI (subscript R = 1 for methyl and 2 for ethyl), respectively) salts are compared using powder and single-crystal x-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The crystal structure of PIP(12)TFSI has been determined at 123 K. The salt crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with Z = 8. Structural data are also reported for PYR(11)TFSI at 153 K and PIP(12)TFSI at 223 K. PIP(11)TFSI has identical ion crystal packing to the analogous pyrrolidinium salt PYR11TFSI. Since increasing the cation alkyl chain length to propyl or butyl (R = 3 or 4) reduces the melting point of the salts below room temperature, this study may provide valuable insight into why these pyrrolidinium and piperidinium salts form room-temperature ionic liquids. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, XRay Crystallog Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. ENEA, Casaccia Res Ctr, I-00060 Rome, Italy. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Trulove, PC (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM trulove@usna.edu RI Passerini, Stefano/A-3859-2015 OI Passerini, Stefano/0000-0002-6606-5304 NR 38 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 22 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 46 BP 10377 EP 10390 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/18/46/006 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 113LN UT WOS:000242599500007 ER PT J AU Thernisien, AFR Howard, RA Vourlidas, A AF Thernisien, A. F. R. Howard, R. A. Vourlidas, A. TI Modeling of flux rope coronal mass ejections SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID TOTAL BRIGHTNESS MEASUREMENTS; ELECTRON-DENSITY; SOLAR CORONA; WHITE-LIGHT; TOMOGRAPHY; LASCO; RECONSTRUCTION; PROPAGATION; PROMINENCE; STREAMER AB We present a forward-modeling technique for flux rope-like CMEs using an empirically defined model of a flux rope, the graduated cylindrical shell (GCS). To compare it with white-light coronagraph observations, we assume an electron distribution through the GCS and derive synthetic images in total and polarized brightness for various projections of the model using a Thomson scattering ray-tracing program. We test our forward modeling technique on 34 LASCO CMEs analyzed by Cremades & Bothmer. We are able to reproduce the CME morphology and derive the electron density (at the CME front) of these events using multi-instrument observations (MDI, H alpha, EIT, LASCO) under the assumption of self-similar expansion. This study suggests that a flux rope-like structure is a good description for these events. We also find that we need to invoke a deflection and/or rotation of the structure relative to the position and orientation of the source region in most cases. Finally, we demonstrate an original technique to fit the electron density of the CME leading edge. We find that, on average, the peak of the density at the CME front is 7.5 times that in the equatorial model of Saito et al., and can reach similar to 22 times the model in some cases. C1 Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thernisien, AFR (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, 10211 Wiscopin Circle,Suite 620, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. EM arnaud.thernisien@nrl.navy.mil; russell.howard@nrl.navy.mil; angelos.vourlidas@nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 27 TC 144 Z9 148 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 1 BP 763 EP 773 DI 10.1086/508254 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 106TX UT WOS:000242125700069 ER PT J AU Gao, ZQ Wang, Q Wang, SP AF Gao, Zhiqiu Wang, Qing Wang, Shouping TI An alternative approach to sea surface aerodynamic roughness SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WIND STRESS; MOMENTUM FLUX; OPEN-OCEAN; HEAT-FLUX; PARAMETERIZATION; DEPENDENCE; WAVES AB The dependence of sea surface roughness on the wave parameters was investigated using measurements from the Humidity Exchange over the Sea Main Experiment (HEXMAX). This site was 18 m of water depth and was 9 km offshore in the North Sea. We examined the relationships among wave height (H-s), friction velocity (u(*)) and wave age (c(p)/u(*) or c(p)/U-10N) using regression analysis and explored the relationship between dimensionless variables u(*)(gT(p))(-1) and U-10N(2)(gH(s))(-1) by dimensional analyses, where g is the acceleration due to gravity (for which we use 9.81 m s(-2)); T-p is period of the waves at the peak of the wave spectrum, defined as T-p = 2 pi c(p)/g where c(p) is the phase velocity of the peak wave spectrum; and U-10N is horizontal wind speed at 10-m height under the neutral condition. When the derived results are combined with the neutral wind profile equation, we find that the relationship among friction velocity (u(*)), neutral 10-m wind speed (U-10N) and phase velocity (c(p)) is u(*) = a(2/3)U(10N)(4/3)/c(p)(1/3) where a is an empirical constant, and a = 6.7 x 10(-3) for this site. The relationship between aerodynamic roughness length (z(0)) and wave age and the relationship between the neutral drag coefficient (C-DN) and wave age are derived accordingly. The present parameterization schemes were tested using an independent data set, and they work in moderate wind speed. C1 Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Gao, ZQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, 46 Zheong Guan Cun S St, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM zgao@cams.cma.gov.cn RI Wang, ZF/D-7202-2012 OI Wang, ZF/0000-0002-7062-6012 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 18 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D22 AR D22108 DI 10.1029/2006JD007323 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 107MR UT WOS:000242176200015 ER PT J AU Zhang, JL Reid, JS AF Zhang, Jianglong Reid, Jeffrey S. TI MODIS aerosol product analysis for data assimilation: Assessment of over-ocean level 2 aerosol optical thickness retrievals SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AERONET; ALGORITHM; RADIANCES; FRACTION; NETWORK; IMPACT AB Currently, the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS) level II aerosol product (MOD04/MYD04) is the best aerosol optical depth product suitable for near-real-time aerosol data assimilation. However, a careful analysis of biases and error variances in MOD04/MYD04 aerosol optical depth product is necessary before implementing the MODIS aerosol product in aerosol forecasting applications. Using 1 year's worth of Sun photometer and MOD04/MYD04 aerosol optical depth (tau) data over global oceans, we studied the major biases in MODIS aerosol over-ocean product due to wind speed, cloud contamination, and aerosol microphysical properties. For t less than 0.6, we found similar uncertainties in the mean MOD04/MYD04 tau as suggested by the MODIS aerosol group, while biases are nonlinear for tau larger than 0.6. We showed that uncertainties in MOD04/MYD04 data can be reduced, and the correlation between MODIS and Sun photometer t can be improved by reducing the systematic biases in MOD04/MYD04 data through empirical corrections and quality assurance procedures. By removing noise and outliers and ensuring that only the highest-quality data were included, we created a modified aerosol optical depth product that removes most massive outliers and ultimately reduced the absolute error (MODIS-Sun photometer) in MODIS tau at 0.55 mu m (tau(0.55)) by 10-20%. Averaged over 1 year's worth of Terra MODIS aerosol product over global oceans, we found a 12% reduction in MODIS tau(0.55) with extremes of 30% over the southern midlatitudes and the North Pacific due to a reduction in cloud contamination. This modified aerosol optical depth product will be used operationally. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Zhang, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM jianglong.zhang@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 NR 29 TC 121 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 18 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D22 AR D22207 DI 10.1029/2005JD006898 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 107MR UT WOS:000242176200008 ER PT J AU Trentmann, J Luderer, G Winterrath, T Fromm, MD Servranckx, R Textor, C Herzog, M Graf, HF Andreae, MO AF Trentmann, J. Luderer, G. Winterrath, T. Fromm, M. D. Servranckx, R. Textor, C. Herzog, M. Graf, H. -F. Andreae, M. O. TI Modeling of biomass smoke injection into the lower stratosphere by a large forest fire (Part I): reference simulation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXPLOSIVE ERUPTION COLUMNS; BURNING PLUME; TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; PARTICLES; MICROPHYSICS; ATMOSPHERE; TRANSPORT; GASES; LIDAR AB Wildland fires in boreal regions have the potential to initiate deep convection, so-called pyro-convection, due to their release of sensible heat. Under favorable atmospheric conditions, large fires can result in pyro-convection that transports the emissions into the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere. Here, we present three-dimensional model simulations of the injection of fire emissions into the lower stratosphere by pyro-convection. These model simulations are constrained and evaluated with observations obtained from the Chisholm fire in Alberta, Canada, in 2001. The active tracer high resolution atmospheric model (ATHAM) is initialized with observations obtained by radiosonde. Information on the fire forcing is obtained from ground-based observations of the mass and moisture of the burned fuel. Based on radar observations, the pyro-convection reached an altitude of about 13 km, well above the tropopause, which was located at about 11.2 km. The model simulation yields a similarly strong convection with an overshoot of the convection above the tropopause. The main outflow from the pyro-convection occurs at about 10.6 km, but a significant fraction (about 8%) of the emitted mass of the smoke aerosol is transported above the tropopause. In contrast to regular convection, the region with maximum updraft velocity in the pyro-convection is located close to the surface above the fire. This results in high updraft velocities >10m s(-1) at cloud base. The temperature anomaly in the plume decreases rapidly with height from values above 50K at the fire to about 5K at about 3000m above the fire. While the sensible heat released from the fire is responsible for the initiation of convection in the model, the release of latent heat from condensation and freezing dominates the overall energy budget. Emissions of water vapor from the fire do not significantly contribute to the energy budget of the convection. C1 Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Biogeochem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Montreal, PQ, Canada. CNRS, Serv Aeron, Paris, France. NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. Univ Cambridge, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Dept Geog, Cambridge, England. RP Trentmann, J (reprint author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. EM jtrent@uni-mainz.de RI Herzog, Michael/B-4722-2010; Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; Luderer, Gunnar/G-2967-2012; Trentmann, Jorg/D-9867-2013; Andreae, Meinrat/B-1068-2008 OI Andreae, Meinrat/0000-0003-1968-7925 NR 71 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 17 PY 2006 VL 6 BP 5247 EP 5260 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 106KK UT WOS:000242099200001 ER PT J AU Finkelstein, DA Tender, LM Zeikus, JG AF Finkelstein, David A. Tender, Leonard M. Zeikus, J. Gregory TI Effect of electrode potential on electrode-reducing microbiota SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACE; FUEL-CELL; GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; BIOFUEL CELLS; GRAPHITE-ELECTRODES; HARVESTING ENERGY; SEA-FLOOR; ELECTRICITY; POWER; MICROORGANISMS AB The benthic microbial fuel cell (BMFC) generates power by coupling oxidation of fuels naturally residing in marine sediments with reduction of oxygen in overlying waters. A central feature of BMFCs is spontaneous colonization of the anode by mineral-reducing microorganisms indigenous to marine sediments that catalyze the power-generating anodic reactions. Described here is a preliminary investigation of how the anode potential affects this feature. Different oxidative potentials were applied to a set of anodes under conditions known to promote anode enrichment of acetate oxidizing/mineral reducing microorganisms. In-situ analysis of current, acetate consumption, and reducing ability of the anode colonies suggest that the microorganisms conserve a significant portion (as much as 95%) of potential energy liberated from oxidation of acetate and reduction of the anode for their own metabolic benefit. The implication of this result with respect to BMFCs, and other MFCs utilizing electrode-reducing microbial catalysts, is that although the microorganisms enable long-term stability of such fuel cells, they may significantly impact efficiency of power output per equivalent of fuel consumed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Tender, LM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Tender@nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 100 Z9 106 U1 6 U2 64 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 22 BP 6990 EP 6995 DI 10.1021/es061146m PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 104FJ UT WOS:000241941700022 PM 17154006 ER PT J AU Watkins, NJ Makinen, AJ Gao, Y Uchida, M Kafafi, ZH AF Watkins, N. J. Makinen, A. J. Gao, Y. Uchida, M. Kafafi, Z. H. TI Direct observation of the evolution of occupied and unoccupied energy levels of two silole derivatives at their interfaces with magnesium SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; INVERSE-PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; THIN-FILM INTERFACE; CS-DOPED CUPC; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; INJECTION; METALS; LAYER AB The electronic structures of 2,5-bis(6'-(2',2'-bipyridyl))-1,1-dimethyl-3,4-diphenyl silacyclopentadiene (PyPySPyPy) and 2,5-di-(3-biphenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-3,4-diphenyl silacyclopentadiene (PPSPP) at their interfaces with Mg were investigated using ultraviolet, inverse, and x-ray photoemission spectroscopies. PyPySPyPy and PPSPP have been used as both electron injection/transport layers and emitters in high-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Deposition of either PyPySPyPy or PPSPP onto Mg results in the appearance of two energy levels within the energy gap of the organic. Upon deposition of Mg onto PyPySPyPy there is a shift of the occupied energy level structure to higher binding energy, away from the Fermi level, and appearance of two energy levels within the energy gap of PyPySPyPy. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital is also shifted to higher binding energy. Upon deposition of Mg onto PPSPP there is also a rigid shift of the occupied energy level structure to higher binding energy, away from the Fermi level, but there are no apparent energy levels created within the energy gap of PPSPP. The different chemical reactivity of the two silole derivatives with magnesium is shown to have pronounced effects on the formation of cathode contacts in OLED structures. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Chisso Corp, Kanagawa 2368605, Japan. RP Watkins, NJ (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8360, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM neil.watkins@nist.gov; zakya.kafafi@nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 10 AR 103706 DI 10.1063/1.2365710 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 110UY UT WOS:000242408000050 ER PT J AU Alonso, MV Auad, ML Sorathia, U Marcovich, NE Nutt, SR AF Alonso, M. V. Auad, M. L. Sorathia, U. Marcovich, N. E. Nutt, S. R. TI Barrier properties for short-fiber-reinforced epoxy foams SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE foams; fibers; fire resistance; mechanical properties; moisture ID COMPOSITES; POLYPROPYLENE; WATER; ABSORPTION; ADHESION; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR AB The barrier properties of short-fiber-reinforced epoxy foam are characterized and compared with unreinforced epoxy foam in terms of moisture absorption, flammability properties, and impact properties. Compression and shear properties are also included to place in perspective the mechanical behavior of these materials. Compared with conventional epoxy foam, foam reinforced with aramid fibers exhibits higher moisture absorption and lower diffusion, while glass-fiber-reinforced foam is significantly stiffer and stronger. In addition, the polymeric foam composites studied present superior fire-resistance compared with conventional epoxy foam systems. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci, Gill Fdn Composites Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Univ Nacl Mar Plata, CONICET, Inst Res Mat Sci & Technol, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Argentina. RP Alonso, MV (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Ingn Quim, Fac Ciencias Quim, Avda Complutense S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM valonso@quim.ucm.es NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 102 IS 4 BP 3266 EP 3272 DI 10.1002/app.24693 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 091CP UT WOS:000241004000024 ER PT J AU Affouard, F Descamps, M Ngai, KL AF Affouard, Frederic Descamps, Marc Ngai, K. L. TI Proceedings of the Fifth International Discussion Meeting on Relaxations in Complex Systems - Lille, France - July 7-13, 2005 - Preface SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. CNRS, F-75700 Paris, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Affouard, F (reprint author), Univ Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 352 IS 42-49 SI SI BP VII EP VIII DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.08.001 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 116SE UT WOS:000242821800001 ER PT J AU Bordat, P Affouard, F Descamps, M Ngai, KL AF Bordat, Patrice Affouard, Frederic Descamps, Marc Ngai, K. L. TI Molecular dynamics investigations of glassforming binary Lennard-Jones systems with different anharmonicities SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Discussion Meeting on Relaxations in Complex Systems CY JUL 07-13, 2005 CL Univ Sci & Technologies, Lille, FRANCE HO Univ Sci & Technologies DE glass transition; molecular dynamics; fragility; structural relaxation ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY LANDSCAPE; GLASS-FORMING LIQUID; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; TRANSITION; FRAGILITY; RELAXATIONS AB Dynamical properties of three glassforming binary Lennard-Jones systems with different anharmonicities of the interaction potential have been studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The onset temperature of slow dynamics TA, the Mode Coupling theory critical temperature T-C and the Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman temperature T-VFT have been determined for the three models. A good agreement is found with most of the predictions of the Mode Coupling Theory. However, a detailed analysis of the master curve obtained from the superposition of the intermediate scattering functions reveals a significative temperature dependence of the stretched exponent beta over a wide temperature range from the liquid state to the glass transition. It is shown that both fragility and stretched exponent beta unambigously correlate with anharmonicity of the interaction potential. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pau & Pays Adour, UMR 5624, IFR, Dept Chem,Lab Chim Theor & Phys Chim Mol, F-64000 Pau, France. Univ Lille 1, UMR 8024, Lab Dynam & Struct Mat Mol, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bordat, P (reprint author), Univ Pau & Pays Adour, UMR 5624, IFR, Dept Chem,Lab Chim Theor & Phys Chim Mol, Rue Jules Ferry,BP 27540, F-64000 Pau, France. EM patrice.bordat@univ-pau.fr NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 352 IS 42-49 SI SI BP 4630 EP 4634 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.01.109 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 116SE UT WOS:000242821800043 ER PT J AU Capaccioli, S Kessairi, K Prevosto, D Lucchesi, M Ngai, KL AF Capaccioli, S. Kessairi, K. Prevosto, D. Lucchesi, M. Ngai, K. L. TI Genuine Johari-Goldstein beta-relaxations in glass-forming binary mixtures SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Discussion Meeting on Relaxations in Complex Systems CY JUL 07-13, 2005 CL Univ Sci & Technologies, Lille, FRANCE HO Univ Sci & Technologies DE dielectric properties; relaxation, electric modulus; glass transition ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID STATE; MISCIBLE POLYMER BLEND; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; COMPONENT DYNAMICS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; RIGID MOLECULES; ORTHO-TERPHENYL; POLYSTYRENE; FORMERS; TEMPERATURE AB Broadband dielectric spectroscopy measurements were performed on glass-forming binary mixtures, composed of rigid polar molecules dissolved at low concentration in apolar viscous solvent (tristyrene). Dielectric spectra were dominated by the polar molecule contribution, so enabling the study of its dynamic behavior. A well resolved secondary relaxation, not attributable to internal degrees of freedom, was visible in both the liquid and glassy states: for its intermolecular nature, it can be called a 'genuine' Johari-Goldstein (JG) relaxation, in the sense that it is a local and non-cooperative process but entailing the motion of the molecule as a whole. Among our results, the following ones are noteworthy: (a) polar systems in the neat state showed an excess wing that became a well resolved JG-peak on mixing with the apolar solvent; (b) the time-scale distance between structural and JG loss peak increased with the apolar solvent fraction; (c) broader the structural loss peak was, larger was the separation in the frequency scale between structural and JG peak; (d) the JG relaxation time showed a non-Arrhenius temperature behavior above T, paralleling that of the structural relaxation time. All the results can be rationalized in the framework of Coupling Model. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, INFM, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. CRS SOFT, INFM, CNR, I-00185 Rome, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CNR, Poly Lab, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. RP Capaccioli, S (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. EM capacci@df.unipi.it RI Prevosto, Daniele/N-7245-2013; Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012 OI Prevosto, Daniele/0000-0003-1029-0972; Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918 NR 30 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 352 IS 42-49 SI SI BP 4643 EP 4648 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.01.145 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 116SE UT WOS:000242821800045 ER PT J AU Kaminska, E Kaminski, K Hensel-Bielowka, S Paluch, M Ngai, KL AF Kaminska, E. Kaminski, K. Hensel-Bielowka, S. Paluch, M. Ngai, K. L. TI Characterization and identification of the nature of two different kinds of secondary relaxation in one glass-former SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Discussion Meeting on Relaxations in Complex Systems CY JUL 07-13, 2005 CL Univ Sci & Technologies, Lille, FRANCE HO Univ Sci & Technologies DE dielectric properties; relaxation, electric modulus; glass formation; glass transition ID GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; EQUILIBRIUM LIQUID-STATE; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; FORMING LIQUIDS; COUPLING MODEL; DYNAMICS; PRESSURE; TRANSITION; GLYCOL AB Dielectric measurements were carried out in the van der Waals liquid di-n-octyl phthalate at ambient pressure. Two secondary relaxation processes were found in the dielectric spectra, namely, an excess wing and a gamma-process at higher frequencies. It has been established that the excess wing is the universal JG relaxation. Moreover we pointed out that gamma-relaxation times show a minimum in temperature dependence. A Minimal Model proposed by Dyre and Olsen was successfully applied to explain this unusual behaviour of the gamma-relaxation in di-n-octyl phthalate. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hensel-Bielowka, S (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Ul Universytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. EM shensel@us.edu.pl NR 31 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 352 IS 42-49 SI SI BP 4672 EP 4678 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.01.122 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 116SE UT WOS:000242821800049 ER PT J AU Bendler, JT Fontanella, JJ Shlesinger, MF AF Bendler, J. T. Fontanella, J. J. Shlesinger, M. F. TI The defect diffusion model and the properties of glasses and liquids SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Discussion Meeting on Relaxations in Complex Systems CY JUL 07-13, 2005 CL Univ Sci & Technologies, Lille, FRANCE HO Univ Sci & Technologies DE transport properties - liquids; conductivity; dielectric properties; relaxation, electric modulus; glass transition; polymers and organics; pressure effects; fragility ID GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; FORMING LIQUIDS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; DYNAMICS; FORMERS; TRANSITION; PRESSURE; POLYMER AB Several previously unexplained relaxation phenomena are interpreted quantitatively in terms of the defect diffusion model (DDM), These include widely different pre-exponentials, exponents and consequently fragility. In addition, the DDM is used to give a qualitative explanation of many properties that glasses and liquids exhibit. This includes interpretations of the glass transition (T-g), the liquid-liquid transition (T-B), the crystalline melting temperature (T-m), and the different values of the characteristic temperature, T-c, that some materials exhibit for different types of physical measurements. Next, qualitative explanations of the origin of secondary relaxations such as the excess wing and the beta relaxation are given. In addition, the boson peak is discussed in terms of the DDM. Finally, it is pointed out that in the DDM, universality is embodied in the defects i.e. free volume. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Fontanella, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jjf@usna.edu NR 52 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 352 IS 42-49 SI SI BP 4835 EP 4842 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.02.176 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 116SE UT WOS:000242821800077 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Feldman, JL Casalini, R AF Roland, C. M. Feldman, J. L. Casalini, R. TI Scaling of the local dynamics and the intermolecular potential SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Discussion Meeting on Relaxations in Complex Systems CY JUL 07-13, 2005 CL Univ Sci & Technologies, Lille, FRANCE HO Univ Sci & Technologies DE glass transition; pressure effects; structural relaxation ID VISCOUS SLOWING-DOWN; DISENTANGLING DENSITY; GLASSFORMING LIQUIDS; SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE; RELAXATION; PRESSURE; POLYMERS; DEPENDENCE AB The experimental fact that relaxation times.. tau, of supercooled liquids and polymers are uniquely defined by the quantity TV(gamma), where T is temperature, V specific volume.. and gamma a material constant, leads to a number of interpretations and predictions concerning the dynamics of vitrification. Herein we examine means to determine the scaling exponent gamma apart from the usual superpositioning of relaxation data. If the interriolecular potential can be approximated by an inverse power law, as implied by the TV(gamma) scaling, various equations are derived relating gamma to the Gruneisen parameter and to a common expression for the pressure derivative of the glass temperature. In addition, without assumptions, gamma can be obtained directly from pressure-volume-temperature data. These methods for determining y from molecular or thermodynamic properties are useful because they enable the P- and V-dependences of tau to be obtained, nd thereby various analyses of the dynamics to be explored, without the need to carry out relaxation measurements beyond ambient pressure. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil NR 43 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 352 IS 42-49 SI SI BP 4895 EP 4899 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.02.149 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 116SE UT WOS:000242821800089 ER PT J AU Casalini, R McGrath, KJ Roland, CM AF Casalini, R. McGrath, K. J. Roland, C. M. TI Isobaric and isochoric properties of decahydroisoquinoline, an extremely fragile glass-former SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Discussion Meeting on Relaxations in Complex Systems CY JUL 07-13, 2005 CL Univ Sci & Technologies, Lille, FRANCE HO Univ Sci & Technologies DE glass transition; fragility; structural relaxation ID ALPHA-RELAXATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; POLY(PROPYLENE GLYCOL); DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; FORMING LIQUIDS; CHAIN DYNAMICS; POLYMERS AB Pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) measurements were obtained on decahydroisoquinoline (DHIQ). From the resulting equation of state in combination with previously reported dielectric relaxation data, an analysis of the volume contribution to the dynamics was carried out for this very fragile glass-former (isobaric fragility, mp = 163). We find that the ratio of the isochoric and isobaric fragilities equals 0.71. +/- 0.02, reflecting a strong temperature effect, consistent with the large fragility. The relaxation times superpose when plotted versus temperature times the specific volume raised to the 3.55 power. This is a larger value of the exponent than expected based on the fragility of DHIQ. The implication is that for molecular glass-formers, the classical Lennard-Jones 6-12 repulsive potential may represent the limit for fragile liquids. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM casalini@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 352 IS 42-49 SI SI BP 4905 EP 4909 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.02.151 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 116SE UT WOS:000242821800091 ER PT J AU Roland, CM McGrath, KJ Casalini, R AF Roland, C. M. McGrath, K. J. Casalini, R. TI Volume effects on the glass transition dynamics SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Discussion Meeting on Relaxations in Complex Systems CY JUL 07-13, 2005 CL Univ Sci & Technologies, Lille, FRANCE HO Univ Sci & Technologies DE glass transition; pressure effects; polymers and organics; structural relaxation; viscoelasticity ID LOCAL SEGMENTAL MOTION; VISCOUS SLOWING-DOWN; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; FORMING LIQUIDS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; ENERGY LANDSCAPE; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; DISENTANGLING DENSITY; RELAXATION PROCESSES; POLYMER LIQUIDS AB The role of jamming (steric constraints) and its relationship to the available volume is addressed by examining the effect that certain modifications of a glass-former have on the ratio of its isochoric and isobaric activation enthalpies. This ratio reflects the relative contribution of volume (density) and temperature (thermal energy) to the temperature-dependence of the relaxation times of liquids and polymers. We find that an increase in the available volume confers a stronger volume-dependence to the relaxation dynamics, a result at odds with free volume interpretations of the glass transition. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mike.roland@nrl.navy.mil; casalini@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 58 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 352 IS 42-49 SI SI BP 4910 EP 4914 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.02.152 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 116SE UT WOS:000242821800092 ER PT J AU Habasaki, J Ngai, KL AF Habasaki, J. Ngai, K. L. TI Molecular dynamics simulation of ion dynamics in glassy ionic conductors: Evidence of the primitive ion hopping process SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Discussion Meeting on Relaxations in Complex Systems CY JUL 07-13, 2005 CL Univ Sci & Technologies, Lille, FRANCE HO Univ Sci & Technologies DE dielectric properties; relaxation, electric modulus; molecular dynamics; alkali silicates; molten salts ID COUPLING MODEL; CONDUCTIVITY RELAXATION; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; MULTIFRACTAL ANALYSIS; FORMING SUBSTANCES; CONSTANT LOSS; TRANSITION; TIME; DIFFUSION; LIQUIDS AB Experiments have shown that the properties of the dynamics of ions in ionically conducting glasses are similar to the dynamics of molecules in glass-forming substances. The short time dynamics of ions when caged are manifested as the measured nearly constant loss at high frequencies seen also in glass-forming substances. The conductivity relaxation of ions at long times has properties similar to the terminal structural alpha-relaxation of glass-formers. However, while there is present the ubiquitous Johari-Goldstein beta-relaxation playing the important role as the precursor of the alpha-relaxation, such corresponding relaxation has not been detected by experiment. We report molecular dynamics simulation of Li ion dynamics in lithium metasilicate glass performed specifically to look for this secondary relaxation. The data presented indicate its presence. Further support comes from conductivity relaxation data of ionic liquids. In ionic liquids, ions are molecules that have permanent dipole moments. Combined translational and rotational motion of the molecular ions should enable the primitive relaxation to be observed as a secondary relaxation in the dielectric loss spectra. From published data we calculate the primitive relaxation time, tau(0), of the Coupling Model. It is nearly the same as the relaxation time, tau(beta), of the observed secondary relaxation. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Habasaki, J (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Nagatsuta 4259, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. EM habasaki@echem.titech.ac.jp RI Habasaki, Junko/B-9283-2015 OI Habasaki, Junko/0000-0002-2887-2340 NR 43 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 352 IS 42-49 BP 5170 EP 5177 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.02.178 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 116SE UT WOS:000242821800138 ER PT J AU Corbin, MR Vacca, WD Fernandes, RC Hibbard, JE Somerville, RS Windhorst, RA AF Corbin, Michael R. Vacca, William D. Fernandes, Roberto Cid Hibbard, John E. Somerville, Rachel S. Windhorst, Rogier A. TI Ultracompact blue dwarf galaxies: Hubble Space Telescope imaging and stellar population analysis SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : formation; galaxies : starburst; galaxies : stellar content ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MASS-METALLICITY RELATION; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; METAL-POOR GALAXIES; H-II GALAXIES; YOUNG GALAXY; COMPACT GALAXIES; HII GALAXIES; SEMIEMPIRICAL ANALYSIS; STARBURST GALAXIES AB We present deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys/High Resolution Channel U-, narrow-V-, and I-band images of nine "ultracompact'' blue dwarf galaxies (UCBDs) selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We define UCBDs as local (z < 0.01) star-forming galaxies having angular diameters less than 600 and physical diameters < 1 kpc. They are also among the most metal-poor galaxies known, including objects having 12 + log(O/H) < 7.65, and are found to reside within voids. Both the HST images and the objects' SDSS optical spectra reveal that they are composites of young (similar to 1-10 Myr) populations that dominate their light and older (similar to 10 Gyr) populations that dominate their stellar masses, which we estimate to be similar to 10(7)-10(8) M-circle dot. An intermediate-age (similar to 10(7)-10(9) yr) population is also indicated in most objects. The objects do not appear to be as dynamically disturbed as the prototype UCBD, POX 186, but the structure of several of them suggests that their current star formation has been triggered by the collisions/mergers of smaller clumps of stars. In one case, HS 0822+3542, the images resolve what may be two small (similar to 100 pc) components that have recently collided, supporting this interpretation. In six of the objects much of the star formation is concentrated in young massive clusters, contributing to their compactness in ground-based images. The evidence that the galaxies consist mainly of similar to 10 Gyr old stars establishes that they are not protogalaxies, forming their first generation of stars. Their low metallicities are more likely to be the result of the escape of supernova ejecta, rather than youth. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA USRA, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Fis, CFM, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Corbin, MR (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, 10391 W Naval Observ Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM mcorbin@nofs.navy.mil; wvacca@mail.arc.nasa.gov; cid@astro.ufsc.br; jhibbard@nrao.edu; somerville@mpia.de; rogier.windhorst@asu.edu RI Fernandes, Roberto/M-7334-2014 OI Fernandes, Roberto/0000-0001-9672-0296 NR 76 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 651 IS 2 BP 861 EP 873 DI 10.1086/507575 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 102PQ UT WOS:000241825000023 ER PT J AU Dufour, P Bergeron, P Schmidt, GD Liebert, J Harris, HC Knapp, GR Anderson, SF Schneider, DP AF Dufour, P. Bergeron, P. Schmidt, G. D. Liebert, James Harris, H. C. Knapp, G. R. Anderson, S. F. Schneider, D. P. TI Model atmosphere analysis of the weakly magnetic DZ White Dwarf G165-7 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : abundances; stars : atmospheres; stars : individual (G165-7); stars : magnetic fields; white dwarfs ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; EXCESS INFRARED RADIATION; ELEMENT ABUNDANCES; STELLAR ENVELOPES; METAL ABUNDANCE; OPTICAL-SPECTRA; DATA RELEASE; COOL; DISCOVERY; STARS AB A reanalysis of the strongly metal-blanketed DZ white dwarf G165-7 is presented. An improved grid of model atmospheres and synthetic spectra is used to analyze BVRI, JHK, and ugriz photometric observations as well as a high-quality Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectrum covering the energy distribution from 3600 to 9000 angstrom. The detection of splitting in several lines of Ca, Na, and Fe, suggesting a magnetic field of B-S similar to 650 kG, is confirmed by spectropolarimetric observations that reveal as much as +/- 7.5% circular polarization in many of the absorption lines, most notably Na, Mg, and Fe. Our combined photometric and spectroscopic fit yields T-eff = 6440 K, log g 7.99, log (H/He) =-3.0, and log (Ca/He) = -8.1. The other heavy elements have solar ratios with respect to Ca, with the exception of Na and Cr, which had to be reduced by a factor of 2 and 3, respectively. A crude polarization model based on the observed local spectral flux gradient yields a longitudinal field of 165 kG, consistent with the mean surface field inferred from the Zeeman splitting. The inclusion of this weak magnetic field in our synthetic spectrum calculations, even in an approximate fashion, is shown to improve our fit significantly. C1 Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Dufour, P (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, CP 6128,Succursale Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. EM dufourpa@astro.umontreal.ca; bergeron@astro.umontreal.ca; gschmidt@as.arizona.edu; liebert@as.arizona.edu; hch@nofs.navy.mil; gk@astro.princeton.edu; anderson@astro.washington.edu; dps@astro.psu.edu NR 47 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 651 IS 2 BP 1112 EP 1119 DI 10.1086/508144 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 102PQ UT WOS:000241825000045 ER PT J AU Wiles, PJ Rippeth, TP Simpson, JH Hendricks, PJ AF Wiles, Philip J. Rippeth, Tom P. Simpson, John H. Hendricks, Peter J. TI A novel technique for measuring the rate of turbulent dissipation in the marine environment SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF SEAS; BOTTOM BOUNDARY-LAYER; REYNOLDS STRESS; KINETIC-ENERGY; TIDAL CHANNEL; ADCP; EPSILON; FLOW AB We present a new technique for the estimation of profiles of the rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy (epsilon, TKE) in the marine environment using a standard acoustic Doppler current profiler ( ADCP). The technique is based on the structure function method used in radar meteorology. The new method is validated through comparisons of e estimates from a structure function with simultaneous measurements of profiles of e made using a freefall profiler, and estimates of the rate of production of TKE using the ADCP variance method. There is a good agreement between the estimates, although some differences in absolute values. A difference in e estimates between the upstream and downstream beams is attributed to the presence of a significant Reynolds stress. C1 Univ Wales, Sch Ocean Sci, Bangor, Anglesey, Wales. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Wiles, PJ (reprint author), Univ Wales, Sch Ocean Sci, Menai Bridge LL57 5AB, Anglesey, Wales. EM p.wiles@bangor.ac.uk RI Simpson, John/B-2596-2013 NR 20 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 21 AR L21608 DI 10.1029/2006GL027050 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 104TU UT WOS:000241983100002 ER PT J AU Demetriou, MA Fahroo, F AF Demetriou, Michael A. Fahroo, Fariba TI Model reference adaptive control of structurally perturbed second-order distributed parameter systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL LA English DT Article DE adaptive control; distributed parameter systems; second-order systems; model reference control; structured perturbations ID OUTPUT-FEEDBACK CONTROL; POSED LINEAR-SYSTEM; BOUNDARY CONTROL; PDE SYSTEMS; THIN AIR; STABILIZATION; STABILITY; OBSERVERS; EQUATIONS AB We consider a class of second-order distributed parameter systems with structured perturbations in which both partial position and partial velocity measurements are assumed available. The control objective is to design an adaptive controller so that the plant state follows the state of a second-order reference model despite the presence of the perturbation terms. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. USN, Dept Appl Math, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Demetriou, MA (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. EM mdemetri@wpi.edu; ffahroo@nps.edu NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1049-8923 J9 INT J ROBUST NONLIN JI Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 16 IS 16 BP 773 EP 799 DI 10.1002/rnc.1100 PG 27 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA 106PA UT WOS:000242111800004 ER PT J AU Davis, JP Narducci, FA AF Davis, J. P. Narducci, F. A. TI Frequency chirp effects in electromagnetically induced transparency SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Winter Colloquium on Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 02-06, 2006 CL Snowbird, UT ID LIGHT AB We consider the effects of the time-dependence of the frequency of a probe field in a three-level system when the probe field is scanned in frequency. We find that, under conditions of weak coupling and probe fields, the resonance can show ringing when the scan rate is greater than the ground state recovery time. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Narducci, FA (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM francesco.narducci@navy.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 53 IS 16-17 BP 2439 EP 2447 DI 10.1080/09500340600893776 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 098WD UT WOS:000241552600020 ER PT J AU Doty, MF Scheibner, M Ponomarev, IV Stinaff, EA Bracker, AS Korenev, VL Reinecke, TL Gammon, D AF Doty, M. F. Scheibner, M. Ponomarev, I. V. Stinaff, E. A. Bracker, A. S. Korenev, V. L. Reinecke, T. L. Gammon, D. TI Electrically tunable g factors in quantum dot molecular spin states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON G-FACTOR; EXCITONS; WELLS; FIELD AB We present a magnetophotoluminescence study of individual vertically stacked InAs/GaAs quantum dot pairs separated by thin tunnel barriers. As an applied electric field tunes the relative energies of the two dots, we observe a strong resonant increase or decrease in the g factors of different spin states that have molecular wave functions distributed over both quantum dots. We propose a phenomenological model for the change in g factor based on resonant changes in the amplitude of the wave function in the barrier due to the formation of bonding and antibonding orbitals. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Doty, MF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM doty@bloch.nrl.navy.mil RI Doty, Matthew/B-5075-2010; Ponomarev, Ilya/F-5183-2010; Korenev, Vladimir/C-1107-2014 OI Doty, Matthew/0000-0001-7999-3567; Ponomarev, Ilya/0000-0002-8584-6034; NR 18 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 19 AR 197202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.197202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 104LW UT WOS:000241960900062 PM 17155656 ER PT J AU Hegg, DA Covert, DS Crahan, KK Jonsson, HH Liu, Y AF Hegg, D. A. Covert, D. S. Crahan, K. K. Jonsson, H. H. Liu, Y. TI Measurements of aerosol size-resolved hygroscopicity at sub and supermicron sizes SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; GROWTH; ATLANTIC; HUMIDITY; WATER AB Airborne measurements of size-resolved aerosol hygroscopicity are presented using an optical particle counting and sizing technique. The measurement range of 0.25 to 3.5 mu m is significantly greater, and extends to larger sizes, than previous in situ techniques. Preliminary results reveal a peak in aerosol hygroscopicity in the 0.5 - 1.5 mu m diameter size range in both marine and polluted aerosols. Geometric growth factors range from 1.3 to 1.5 and 1.1 to 1.3 for the sub and super-micron particles, respectively. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN, Dept Meteorol, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hegg, DA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, MC 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM deanhegg@atmos.washington.edu RI liu, yong/F-6736-2012 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 8 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 21 AR L21808 DI 10.1029/2006GL026747 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 104TS UT WOS:000241982900002 ER PT J AU Anikeeva, N Lebedeva, T Clapp, AR Goldman, ER Dustin, ML Mattoussi, H Sykulev, Y AF Anikeeva, Nadia Lebedeva, Tatiana Clapp, Aaron R. Goldman, Ellen R. Dustin, Michael L. Mattoussi, Hedi Sykulev, Yuri TI Quantum dot/peptide-MHC biosensors reveal strong CD8-dependent cooperation between self and viral antigens that augment the T cell response SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE CD8 coreceptor; peptide-MHC clustering; sensitivity of T cell responses; antivirus immunity ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; CLASS-I; IMMUNOLOGICAL SYNAPSE; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; TARGET-CELLS; RECEPTOR; PEPTIDE; COMPLEX; CD8; BINDING AB Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) can respond to a few viral pepticleMHC-I (pMHC-I) complexes among a myriad of virus-unrelated endogenous self pMHC-I complexes displayed on virus-infected cells. To elucidate the molecular recognition events on live CTL, we have utilized a self-assembled biosensor composed of semiconductor nanocrystals, quantum dots, carrying a controlled number of virus-derived (cognate) and other (noncognate) pMHC-I complexes and examined their recognition by antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR) on anti-virus CD8(+) T cells. The unique architecture of nanoscale quantum dot/pMHC-I conjugates revealed that unexpectedly strong multivalent CD8-MHC-I interactions underlie the cooperative contribution of noncognate pMHC-I to the recognition of cognate pMHC-I by TCR to augment T cell responses. The cooperative, CD8-dependent spread of signal from a few productively engaged TCR to many other TCR can explain the remarkable ability of CTL to respond to virus-infected cells that present few cognate pMHC-I complexes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Kimmel Canc Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Skirball Inst Biomol Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Sykulev, Y (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hedimat@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; ysykulev@lac.jci.tju.edu OI Dustin, Michael/0000-0003-4983-6389 NR 40 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 5 U2 16 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 7 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 45 BP 16846 EP 16851 DI 10.1073/pnas.0607771103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 104PB UT WOS:000241969500041 PM 17077145 ER PT J AU Park, SS Garmestani, H Bae, GT Kim, NJ Krajewski, PE Kim, S Lee, EW AF Park, Sung S. Garmestani, Hamid Bae, G. T. Kim, Nack J. Krajewski, Paul E. Kim, Sooho Lee, Eui W. TI Constitutive analysis on the superplastic deformation of warm-rolled 6013 Al alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE 6013 Al alloy; warm rolling; superplasticity; internal variable theory ID INTERNAL VARIABLE APPROACH; STRUCTURAL SUPERPLASTICITY; GRAIN-REFINEMENT; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; AL-ALLOY; BEHAVIOR; RELAXATION; METALS; FLOW AB A study has been made on the superplastic deformation behavior of warm-rolled 6013 Al alloy. A series of load relaxation tests have been carried out on a warm-rolled 6013 Al alloy. They are well interpreted by grain boundary sliding (GBS) and grain matrix plastic deformation (GMD) using the internal variable theory of structural superplasticity. Uniaxial tensile testing shows a maximum elongation of 370% achieved at 560 degrees C under the initial strain rate of 1 x 10(-4) s(-1). These conditions of maximum elongation are consistent with the load relaxation results. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Adv Aerosp Mat, Pohang 790784, Gyungbuk, South Korea. Gen Motors R&D Ctr, Mat & Proc Lab, Warren, MI 48090 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Park, SS (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM manim@postech.ac.kr NR 22 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 5 PY 2006 VL 435 BP 687 EP 692 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.07.103 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 100QI UT WOS:000241683200093 ER PT J AU Kostelansky, CN Pietron, JJ Chen, MS Dressick, WJ Swider-Lyons, KE Ramaker, DE Stroud, RM Klug, CA Zelakiewicz, BS Schull, TL AF Kostelansky, Cynthia N. Pietron, Jeremy J. Chen, Mu-San Dressick, Walter J. Swider-Lyons, Karen E. Ramaker, David E. Stroud, Rhonda M. Klug, Christopher A. Zelakiewicz, Brian S. Schull, Terence L. TI Triarylphosphine-stabilized platinum nanoparticles in three-dimensional nanostructured films as active electrocatalysts SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; METAL CLUSTER COMPOUNDS; MEMBRANE FUEL-CELLS; MULTILAYER FILMS; PARTICLE-SIZE; MONOLAYER ELECTROCATALYSTS; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; COVALENT MODIFICATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE AB Ligand-stabilized platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) can be used to build well-defined three-dimensional (3-D) nanostructured electrodes for better control of the catalyst architecture in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Platinum NPs of 1.7 +/- 0.5 nm diameter stabilized by the water-soluble phosphine ligand, tris(4-phosphonatophenyl) phosphine (TPPTP, P(4-C6H4PO3H2)(3)), were prepared by ethylene glycol reduction of chloroplatinic acid and subsequent treatment of the isolated nanoparticles with TPPTP. The isolated TPPTP-stabilized Pt NPs were characterized by multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (P-31 and Pt-195 NMR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). The negatively charged TPPTP-Pt NPs were electrostatically deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with protonated 4-aminophenyl functional groups (APh). Multilayers were assembled via electrostatic layer-by-layer deposition with cationic poly(allylamine HCl) (PAH). These multilayer films are active for the key hydrogen fuel cell reactions, hydrogen oxidation (anode) and oxygen reduction (cathode). Using a rotating disk electrode configuration, fully mass-transport limited kinetics for hydrogen oxidation was obtained after 3 layers of TPPTP-Pt NPs with a total Pt loading of 4.2 mu g/cm(2). Complete reduction of oxygen by four electrons was achieved with 4 layers of TPPTP-Pt NPs and a total Pt loading of 5.6 mu g/cm(2). A maximum current density for oxygen reduction was reached with these films after 5 layers resulting in a mass-specific activity, i(m), of 0.11 A/mg(Pt) at 0.9 V. These films feature a high electrocatalytic activity and can be used to create systematic changes in the catalyst chemistry and architecture to provide insight for building better electrocatalysts. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schull, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM schull@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 77 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 2 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 43 BP 21487 EP 21496 DI 10.1021/jp062663u PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 098WL UT WOS:000241553500018 PM 17064099 ER PT J AU Yu, MC Link, P AF Yu, Maochun Link, Perry TI Shut down in China (Shutdown of China's most important Internet forum, www.cc.rg.cn) SO NEW YORK REVIEW OF BOOKS LA English DT Letter C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Yu, MC (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK REVIEW PI NEW YORK PA 250 WEST 57TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10107 USA SN 0028-7504 J9 NEW YORK REV BOOKS JI N. Y. Rev. Books PD NOV 2 PY 2006 VL 53 IS 17 BP 63 EP 63 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 094MY UT WOS:000241244700024 ER PT J AU Mlambo, G Mutambu, SL Mduluza, T Soko, W Mbedzi, J Chivenga, J Lanar, DE Singh, S Carucci, D Gemperli, A Kumar, N AF Mlambo, Godfree Mutambu, Susan L. Mduluza, Takafira Soko, White Mbedzi, Joel Chivenga, James Lanar, David E. Singh, Sanjay Carucci, Daniel Gemperli, Armin Kumar, Nirbhay TI Antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum vaccine candidate antigens in three areas distinct with respect to altitude SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article DE P. falciparum; antibody responses; malaria vaccine; transmission; Zimbabwe ID MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1; NEW-GUINEAN CHILDREN; BLOOD-STAGE VACCINE; INHIBITORY ANTIBODIES; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; CLINICAL MALARIA; IN-VITRO; PROTECTION; IMMUNOGENICITY AB Antibody levels against malaria antigens were measured among patients presenting with uncomplicated malaria at health centers from three locations in Zimbabwe (Bindura, Chiredzi and Kariba) that are distinct with regard to altitude and climatic conditions. Antibody levels were determined by ELISA using the antigens, apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1), erythrocyte binding antigen 175 (EBA-175), circumsporozoite surface protein (CSP), merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) and Pfg27. For all the antigens tested, IgG and IgM levels were higher for Bindura (altitude 1100 m) compared to Kariba (< 600 m, altitude) and Chiredzi (similar to 600 m, altitude) with the exception of IgG and IgM to AMA-1 and EBA-175 which were similar between Chiredzi and Bindura. Plasma samples were further analyzed for their functional activity by testing their ability to inhibit the growth of Plasmodium falciparum in culture. Our results, determined by microscopy and verified by the LDH assay revealed that plasma from the three locations had similar inhibitory activity against the growth of P falciparum in vitro. Our data revealed that highest growth inhibition correlated with the highest levels of MSP-1 antibody values. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V.. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Malaria Res Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Natl Inst Hlth Res, Harare, Zimbabwe. Univ Zimbabwe, Dept Biochem, Harare, Zimbabwe. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NIAD, Malaria Vaccine Dev Unit, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kumar, N (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Malaria Res Inst, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM nkumar@jhsph.edu RI Lanar, David/B-3560-2011 FU FIC NIH HHS [TW001587]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR00052] NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 100 IS 1-2 BP 70 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.actatropica.2006.09.012 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 126GR UT WOS:000243501200009 PM 17113021 ER PT J AU Lyon, C Clark, DC AF Lyon, Corey Clark, Dwayne C. TI Diagnosis of acute abdominal pain in older patients SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID AORTIC-ANEURYSMS; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; ACUTE APPENDICITIS; GERIATRIC-PATIENT; ACUTE ABDOMEN; PLAIN FILM; EMERGENCY; DISEASE; PREVALENCE; MANAGEMENT AB Acute abdominal pain is a common presenting complaint in older patients. Presentation may differ from that of the, younger patient and is often complicated by coexistent disease, delays in presentation, and physical and social barriers. The physical examination can be misleadingly benign, even with catastrophic conditions such as abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture and mesenteric ischemia. Changes that occur in the biliary system because of aging make older patients vulnerable to acute cholecystitis, the most common indication for surgery in this population. In older patients with appendicitis, the initial diagnosis is correct only one half of the time, and there are increased rates of perforation and mortality when compared with younger patients. Medication use, gallstones, and alcohol use increase the risk of pancreatitis, and advanced age is an indicator of poor prognosis for this disease. Diverticulitis is a common cause of abdominal pain in the older patient; in appropriately selected patients, it may be treated on an outpatient basis with oral antibiotics. Small and large bowel obstructions, usually caused by adhesive disease or malignancy, are more common in the aged and often require surgery. Morbidity and mortality among older patients presenting with acute abdominal pain are high, and these patients often require hospitalization with prompt surgical consultation. C1 US Naval Hosp Sigonella, Dept Family Med, FPO, AE 09636 USA. Fond du Lac Reg Clin, Fond Du Lac, WI USA. Agnesian Healthcare, Fond Du Lac, WI USA. Naval Hosp, Dept Family Med, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Lyon, C (reprint author), US Naval Hosp Sigonella, Dept Family Med, PSC 836,Box 2670, FPO, AE 09636 USA. EM clyon@sig.med.navy.mil NR 47 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 74 IS 9 BP 1537 EP 1544 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 102BR UT WOS:000241786300011 PM 17111893 ER PT J AU Hudson, TL Dukes, SF Reilly, K AF Hudson, Timothy L. Dukes, Susan F. Reilly, Karen TI Use of local anesthesia for arterial punctures SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article AB BACKGROUND Except for intravenous therapy, arterial access is the most common invasive procedure performed on critically ill patients. Arterial puncture is a source of pain and discomfort. Intradermal injection of lidocaine around the puncture site decreases the incidence and severity of localized pain when used before arterial puncture. OBJECTIVE To review the recommendations and studies related to the use of intradermal lidocaine to decrease pain during arterial punctures.. METHODS Articles were identified by doing a systematic computerized search of MEDLINE (1980 to January 2006) to evaluate articles and reference lists of articles and a manual search of the references listed in original and review articles. English-language articles that evaluated any aspect of pain related to arterial puncture and cannulation, pain related to and methods of introducing lidocaine subcutaneously, and perceptions and use of local anesthesia for arterial or intravenous punctures were reviewed. RESULTS Except among anesthesia providers, the use of a local anesthetic before arterial puncture is not universal, contrary to the standard of practice. A number of false perceptions may prevent wider use of such anesthetics.. CONCLUSION Before a plan for behavior modification or policy change is recommended for use of local anesthesia to decrease pain associated with arterial puncture, further research must be done to determine nurses' perceptions of use, actual practice, and currently established local policies. C1 USA, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. USN, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Hudson, TL (reprint author), USA, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. EM timothy.hudson@us.army.mil NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CRITICAL CARE NURSES PI ALISO VIEJO PA 101 COLUMBIA, ALISO VIEJO, CA 92656 USA SN 1062-3264 J9 AM J CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Crit. Care PD NOV PY 2006 VL 15 IS 6 BP 595 EP 599 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Nursing SC General & Internal Medicine; Nursing GA V44BU UT WOS:000202979000009 PM 17053266 ER PT J AU Crum, NF Lee, RU Thornton, SA Stine, C Wallace, MR Barrozo, C Keefer-Norris, A Judd, S Russell, KL AF Crum, Nancy F. Lee, Rachel U. Thornton, Scott A. Stine, Colin Wallace, Mark R. Barrozo, Chris Keefer-Norris, Ananda Judd, Sharon Russell, Kevin L. TI Fifteen-year study of the changing epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 06-09, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer DE methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MRSA; community-acquired; epidemiology ID PANTON-VALENTINE LEUCOCIDIN; SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS; CLINDAMYCIN RESISTANCE; HOUSEHOLD CONTACTS; LEUKOCIDIN GENES; MRSA INFECTION; ACQUIRED MRSA; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN; DISEASE AB PURPOSE: The study's purpose was to elucidate the evolutionary, microbiologic, and clinical characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA) infections. METHODS: MRSA cases from military medical facilities in San Diego, from 1990 to 2004, were evaluated and categorized as community- acquired or nosocomial. Sequence type, staphylococcal chromosomal cassette gene type, and Panton- Valentine leukocidin gene status were determined for a subset of isolates. RESULTS: Over the 15- year period, 1888 cases of MRSA were identified; 65% were community acquired. The incidence ( 155 infections/ 100 000 person- year in 2004) and household- associated cases rapidly increased since 2002. Among persons with community- acquired MRSA, 16% were hospitalized and only 17% were initially given an effective antibiotic. Community- acquired MRSA cases compared with nosocomial MRSA cases were more often soft- tissue and less often urinary, lung, or bloodstream infections ( P <. 001). Patients with community- acquired MRSA were younger ( 22 vs 64 years, P <. 001) and less likely to have concurrent medical conditions ( 9% vs 98%, P <. 001). Clindamycin resistance increased among community- acquired MRSA isolates during 2003 and 2004 compared with previous years ( 79% vs 13%, P <. 001). Genetically, nosocomial MRSA isolates were significantly different than those acquired in the community. Although community- acquired MRSA isolates were initially diverse by 2004, one strain ( staphylococcal chromosomal cassette type IV, sequence type 8, Panton- Valentine leukocidin gene positive) became the predominant isolate. CONCLUSIONS: Community- acquired and intrafamilial MRSA infections have increased rapidly since 2002. Our 15 years of surveillance revealed the emergence of distinct community- acquired MRSA strains that were genetically unrelated to nosocomial MRSA isolates from the same community. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Ctr, KCA, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, NEPMU6, Honolulu, HI USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, KCA, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM NFCrum@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 44 TC 134 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 15 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI BRIDGEWATER PA 685 ROUTE 202-206, BRIDGEWATER, NJ 08807 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 119 IS 11 BP 943 EP 951 DI 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.01.004 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 099WX UT WOS:000241629000011 PM 17071162 ER PT J AU Crum, NF Ballon-Landa, G AF Crum, Nancy F. Ballon-Landa, Gonzalo TI Coccidioidomycosis in pregnancy: Case report and review of the literature SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE coccidioidomycosis; Coccidioides immitis; pregnancy; puerperium; obstetrics ID COMPLICATING PREGNANCY; FLUCONAZOLE; TRANSMISSION; IMMITIS; NEONATE AB BACKGROUND: Coccidioidomycosis is an uncommon fungal infection during pregnancy. We report a case and review the literature on coccidioidomycosis in pregnancy. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE ( 1966- 2005), PubMed ( 1950- 2005), Embase ( 1974- 2005), the Cochrane Library, and the Index- Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon- General's Office United States Army ( 1880- 1961) for cases of coccidioidomycosis occurring during pregnancy. We describe a woman with disseminated coccidioidomycosis during the last trimester of pregnancy with fungemia, respiratory failure, a miliary pattern on chest radiograph, and skin and bony involvement. RESULTS: We identified 80 additional cases of coccidioidomycosis occurring with pregnancy in the literature. The mean age of patients was 26 years ( range 16- 38 years). Disseminated disease was strongly associated with the trimester of pregnancy; 40% of the cases diagnosed before pregnancy, 50% of the cases diagnosed in the first trimester, 62% of the cases diagnosed in the second trimester, and 96% of the cases diagnosed in the third trimester had dissemination ( P <. 001). In addition, African American women had a 13- fold increased risk of dissemination compared with white women ( P =. 007). CONCLUSIONS: Mortality rates have improved over time in association with the timely administration of antifungal therapy. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis may occur during pregnancy, especially during the third trimester. Improved maternal and fetal survival is associated with early disease recognition and administration of amphotericin B. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Scripps Mercy Hosp, San Diego, CA USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nfcrum@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI BRIDGEWATER PA 685 ROUTE 202-206, BRIDGEWATER, NJ 08807 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 119 IS 11 DI 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.04.022 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 099WX UT WOS:000241629000020 ER PT J AU Hoel, DF Kline, DL Allan, S AF Hoel, David F. Kline, Daniel L. Allan, Sandra TI Response of Aedes albopictus to six traps in suburban settings in North Central Florida SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 38 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900039 ER PT J AU Konda, KA Leon, SR Lescano, AG Klausner, JD Meza, R Jones, FR Caceres, CF Coates, TJ AF Konda, Kelika A. Leon, Segundo R. Lescano, Andres G. Klausner, Jeffrey D. Meza, Rina Jones, Franca R. Caceres, Carlos F. Coates, Thomas J. TI The epidemiology of syphilis cases in three socially marginalized populations of low-income, urban, coastal Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NIMH, Multisite Int Grp, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Lescano, Andres/B-8479-2008 OI Lescano, Andres/0000-0001-9779-633X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 46 BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900047 ER PT J AU Parker, TM Ismail, T Fadeel, MA Maksoud, MA Morcos, M Newire, E Wasfy, MO Murray, CK Pimentel, G El-Sayed, N Hajjeh, R AF Parker, Tina M. Ismail, Tharwat Fadeel, Moustafa A. Maksoud, Mohamed Abdel Morcos, Myriam Newire, Enas Wasfy, Momtaz O. Murray, Clinton K. Pimentel, Guillermo El-Sayed, Nasr Hajjeh, Rana TI Laboratory-based surveillance for acute febrile illness in Egypt: A focus on leptospirosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. USA, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Minist Hlth & Populat, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 60 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900061 ER PT J AU Hanafi, HA Klena, JD Fryauff, DF Raczniak, GA Hoel, DF Puplampu, N Appawu, M Kweku, M Koram, KA Boakye, D Wilson, MD AF Hanafi, A. Hanafi Klena, John D. Fryauff, David F. Raczniak, Gregory A. Hoel, David F. Puplampu, Naiki Appawu, Maxwell Kweku, M. Koram, K. A. Boakye, Daniel Wilson, Michael D. TI Cutaneous Leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major in the forested Volta Region of Ghana SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Vector Biol Res Program, New York, NY USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Enterics Dis Res Program, Cairo, Egypt. Naval Med Res Unit, Infect Dis Directorate, Silver Spring, MD USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Ghana Detachment, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Vector Biol Res Program, Cairo, Egypt. Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, Dept Parasitol, Accra, Ghana. Ghana Hlth Serv, Ho Dist Directorate, Ho, Ghana. Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, Dept Epidemiol, Accra, Ghana. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 65 BP 20 EP 20 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900066 ER PT J AU Abbassy, MM Villinski, JT Puplampu, N Mechta, S Hanafi, HA Hoel, DF Boakye, D Raczniak, GA AF Abbassy, Magda M. Villinski, Jeffrey T. Puplampu, Naiki Mechta, Sarah Hanafi, A. Hanafi Hoel, David F. Boakye, Daniel Raczniak, Gregory A. TI Detection of Leishmania parasites in an outbreak site in Ghana using polymerase chain reaction SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Vector Biol Res Programme, New York, NY USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Vector Biol Res Program, Cairo, Egypt. Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, Dept Parasitol, Accra, Ghana. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Ghana Detachment, Cairo, Egypt. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 91 BP 28 EP 28 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900092 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JL Bautista, CT Galvan, R Lama, JR Singer, DM Malia, JA Laguna-Torress, VA Montano, SM Guthrie, BL Carr, JK Celum, CL Sanchez, JL AF Sanchez, Jose L. Bautista, Christian T. Galvan, Rosa Lama, Javier R. Singer, Darrell M. Malia, Jennifer A. Laguna-Torress, Victor A. Montano, Silvia M. Guthrie, Benjamin L. Carr, Jean K. Celum, Connie L. Sanchez, Jorge L. TI Epidemiology of hepatitis c virus infection and association with human immunodeficiency virus among men who have sex with men in lima, Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Anteon Corp, Derwood, MD USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med Inc, Rockville, MD USA. Assoc Civil Impacta Salud & Educ, Lima, Peru. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Silver Spring, MD USA. Anteon Corp, Frederick, MD USA. Inst Human Virol, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Bautista, Christian/B-2812-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 133 BP 39 EP 39 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900134 ER PT J AU Konda, KA Sandoval, C Lescano, AG Giron, JM Salazar, X Jones, FR Coates, TJ Caceres, CF AF Konda, Kelika A. Sandoval, Clara Lescano, Andres G. Giron, Jessica M. Salazar, Ximena Jones, Franca R. Coates, Thomas J. Caceres, Carlos F. CA NIMHC HIV STD Prevention Trial Grp TI The characteristics, risk behaviors and STI prevalences among socially marginalized women in low-income urban, coastal Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. NIMH, Multisite Int Grp, Bethesda, MD USA. RI Lescano, Andres/B-8479-2008 OI Lescano, Andres/0000-0001-9779-633X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 138 BP 41 EP 41 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900139 ER PT J AU Gutteridge, CE Hoffman, MM Bhattacharjee, AK AF Gutteridge, Clare E. Hoffman, Marshall M. Bhattacharjee, Apurba K. TI Antimalarial activity of substituted 1,7-diaminoisoquinolines SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 184 BP 54 EP 54 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900185 ER PT J AU Bruckova, M Bautista, CT Graham, RR Maly, M Vandasova, J Presl, J Sumegh, L Chapman, GD Carr, JK Sanchez, JL Earhart, KC AF Bruckova, Marie Bautista, Christian T. Graham, Ross R. Maly, Marek Vandasova, Jana Presl, Jiri Sumegh, Laszlo Chapman, Gail D. Carr, Jean K. Sanchez, Jose L. Earhart, Kenneth C. TI Short report: HIV infection among commercial sex workers and injecting drug users in the Czech Republic SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB Since the first HIV case was diagnosed in the Czech Republic in 1985, there is a lack of information regarding the epidemiology of HIV infection in most high-risk groups. To determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, HIV among female and male commercial sex workers (FCSW and MCSW, respectively) and injecting drug users (IDUs), cross-sectional studies were conducted in the cities of Cheb, Usti nad Labem, Ostrava, and Prague of the Czech Republic. A total of 1,277 subjects were enrolled, which included 585 FCSWs, 230 MCSWs, and 462 IDUs. The HIV prevalences were 0.7% (95% CI: 0.2-1.7%),0.9% (95% CI: 0.1-3.1%), and 0.2% (95% Cl: 0.005-1.2%) among FCSWs, MCSWs, and IDUs, respectively. Although low HIV prevalences were found, ongoing sentinel surveillance studies, which address modifiable behavioral and biologic risk factors among high-risk groups, are necessary to guide strategies to stem the tide of the epidemic in this country. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Virol Res Program, Cairo, Egypt. Natl Reference Lab AIDS, Prague, Czech Republic. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Military, HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med Inc, Rockville, MD USA. Drop IVDU Ctr, Prague, Czech Republic. Project Sance, Prague, Czech Republic. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect, Surveillance & Response Syst, DoD,GEIS, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Earhart, KC (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, Virol Res Program, Cairo, Egypt. EM bruckova@szu.cz; cbautista@hivresearch.org; carhartK@namru3.med.navy.mil RI Bautista, Christian/B-2812-2011; Maly, Marek/G-8964-2014 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1017 EP 1020 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 107RQ UT WOS:000242189100043 PM 17124005 ER PT J AU Melman, A Gragg, B AF Melman, Aaron Gragg, Bill TI An optimization framework for polynomial zerofinders SO AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL MONTHLY LA English DT Article ID QUASI-LAGUERRE ITERATION; DEFINITE TOEPLITZ MATRIX; EIGENVALUE C1 Santa Clara Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Appl Math, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Melman, A (reprint author), Santa Clara Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Appl Math, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. EM amelman@scu.edu; gragg@nps.edu RI Melman, Aaron/A-8445-2009 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATHEMATICAL ASSOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1529 18TH STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-9890 J9 AM MATH MON JI Am. Math. Mon. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 113 IS 9 BP 794 EP 804 PG 11 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 109EO UT WOS:000242290900002 ER PT J AU Kress, M AF Kress, Moshe TI Policies for biodefense revisited: The prioritized vaccination process for smallpox SO ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE mass vaccination; trace vaccination; prioritized vaccination; potentially traceable ID BIOTERROR RESPONSE; MODEL AB Handling bioterror events that involve contagious agents is a major concern for authorities and a cause for debate among policymakers about the best response policy. At the core of this debate stands the question which of the two post-event policies to adopt: mass vaccination or trace (also called ring or targeted) vaccination. We present a new dynamic epidemic-intervention model that captures key features of the situation and generalizes some previous assumptions regarding the probability distributions of inter-temporal parameters. It is shown that a mixture of mass and trace vaccination policies-the prioritized vaccination policy-is more effective than either of the two aforementioned policies. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kress, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mkress@nps.edu NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-5330 J9 ANN OPER RES JI Ann. Oper. Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 148 IS 1 BP 5 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s10479-006-0077-9 PG 19 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 113MX UT WOS:000242603100002 ER PT J AU Adam, O Motsch, JF Desharnais, F DiMarzio, N Gillespie, D Gisiner, RC AF Adam, Olivier Motsch, Jean-Francois Desharnais, Francine DiMarzio, Nancy Gillespie, Douglas Gisiner, Robert C. TI Overview of the 2005 workshop on detection and localization of marine mammals using passive acoustics SO APPLIED ACOUSTICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE workshop; detection; localization; marine mammals; passive acoustics; Monaco; oceanographic musee AB The Second International Workshop on Detection and Localization of Marine Mammals Using Passive Acoustics was held in Monaco, 16-18 November 2005, two years after the first workshop on the same topic, held in Dartmouth, NS, Canada in November 2003. This paper is the overview of this workshop. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Paris 12, Lab Images Signaux & Syst, Intelligents Grp Ingn Signaux Neur, F-94010 Creteil, France. Def R&d Canada Atlantic, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 3Z7, Canada. USN, Undersea Warface Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Int Fund Anim Welf Charitable Trust, Song Whale Res Team, London, England. Univ St Andrews, Gatty Marine Lab, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. Off Naval Res, Marine Mammal S&T Program, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Adam, O (reprint author), Univ Paris 12, Lab Images Signaux & Syst, Intelligents Grp Ingn Signaux Neur, F-94010 Creteil, France. EM adam_o@voila.fr NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-682X J9 APPL ACOUST JI Appl. Acoust. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 67 IS 11-12 SI SI BP 1061 EP 1070 DI 10.1016/j.apacoust.2006.05.013 PG 10 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 156JF UT WOS:000245643200002 ER PT J AU Morrissey, RP Ward, J DiMarzio, N Jarvis, S Moretti, DJ AF Morrissey, R. P. Ward, J. DiMarzio, N. Jarvis, S. Moretti, D. J. TI Passive acoustic detection and localization of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in the tongue of the ocean SO APPLIED ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Detection and Localization of Marine Mammals Using Passive Acoustics CY NOV 16-18, 2005 CL MONACO SP Oceanog Museum DE marine mammal; detection; localization; sperm whale ID HYDROPHONE; UNDERWATER; CLICKS; ARRAY AB A set of algorithms for real-time detection and localization of vocalizing marine mammals has been developed as part of the Marine Mammal Monitoring on Navy Ranges (M3R) program. These algorithms work on a broad variety of vocalizations including sperm whale clicks. The detection algorithm is a two stage process utilizing a binary thresholded FFT as the first stage. The second stage examines the FFT output to determine whether a click is present in a given FFT window. Detected clicks are split out of the data stream and sent to a data association algorithm called a scanning sieve. Time differences of arrival (TDOAs) are calculated which are then fed into 2D and 3D hyperbolic localization algorithms. Software written to implement the algorithms was used to process a data set consisting of sperm whale vocalizations provided as part of the 2nd International Workshop on Detection and Localization of Marine Mammals using Passive Acoustics. Real-time detection and localization results from the data set are provided, along with a detailed description of the algorithms. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Underea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Morrissey, RP (reprint author), USN, Underea Warfare Ctr, Code 71,Bldg 1351, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM morrisseyrp@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 23 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-682X J9 APPL ACOUST JI Appl. Acoust. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 67 IS 11-12 SI SI BP 1091 EP 1105 DI 10.1016/j.apacoust.2006.05.014 PG 15 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 156JF UT WOS:000245643200005 ER PT J AU Burkholder, RJ Pathak, PH Sertel, K Marhefka, RJ Volakis, JL Kindt, RW AF Burkholder, R. J. Pathak, P. H. Sertel, K. Marhefka, R. J. Volakis, J. L. Kindt, R. W. TI A hybrid framework for antenna/platform analysis SO APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OPEN-ENDED CAVITIES; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; OBJECTS; ARRAYS AB Hybrid combinations of numerical and asymptotic methods are utilized to evaluate in-situ antenna performance, and coupling to other systems on a shared platform such as a ship topside. This paper describes a combination of the finite element-boundary (FE-BI) method with ray techniques for evaluating antenna patterns in the presence of complex platforms. Specifically, a very complex array antenna may be modeled with FE-BI, and interfaced to the platform via the use of equivalent currents. For the case considered here, the FE-BI is accelerated with the array decomposition fast multipole method (AD-FMM) so that large arrays may be considered. A novel discrete Fourier transform method is also introduced to provide a greatly reduced representation of the fields over a planar array aperture and the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) along with iterative physical optics (IPO) are used to characterize the platform. To tie it all together, a matrix framework is formulated to iteratively increment the higher order interactions between antennas and platform. C1 Ohio State Univ, Electrosci Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. USN, Res Labs, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Burkholder, RJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Electrosci Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1320 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RI Sertel, Kubilay/L-2668-2016 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY PI UNIVERSITY PA UNIV MISSISSIPPI, DEPT ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA SN 1054-4887 J9 APPL COMPUT ELECTROM JI Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 21 IS 3 BP 177 EP 195 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 112FG UT WOS:000242510500002 ER PT J AU Choi, W Sarkar, TK Allen, OE Asvestas, JS AF Choi, Wonsuk Sarkar, Tapan K. Allen, Oliver E. Asvestas, John S. TI Approximate compensation for mutual coupling in a direct data domain least squares approach using the in-situ measured element patterns SO APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE adaptive processing; direct data domain approach; element pattern; mutual coupling; least squares ID ARRAYS AB This paper presents a new technique for an approximate compensation of the effects of mutual coupling among the elements of an array using the measured in-situ element patterns in a direct data domain least squares algorithm. In this paper, we consider the antenna elements in the phased array to have finite dimensions, i.e., they are not onmi-directional radiators. Hence, the antenna elements sample and re-radiate the incident fields resulting in mutual coupling between the antenna elements. Mutual coupling not only destroys the linear wavefront assumption for the signal of interest but also for all the interferers impinging on the array. Thus, we propose a new direct data domain approach that partly compensates for effect of mutual coupling, specifically when the jammer strengths are comparable to that of the signal. For strong interferers, a more accurate compensation for the mutual coupling is necessary using the transformation matrix through the formation of a uniform liner virtual array. C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NAVAIR, Radar & Antenna Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Choi, W (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM wchoi01@syr.edu; tksarkar@mailbox.syr.edu; oliver.allen@navy.mil; john.asvestas@navy.mil NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY PI UNIVERSITY PA UNIV MISSISSIPPI, DEPT ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA SN 1054-4887 J9 APPL COMPUT ELECTROM JI Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 21 IS 3 BP 342 EP 352 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 112FG UT WOS:000242510500019 ER PT J AU Ge, YL Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Ge, Yanlin Chen, Lingen Sun, Fengrui Wu, Chih TI Performance of an Atkinson cycle with heat transfer, friction and variable specific-heats of the working fluid SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE finite-time thermodynamics; Atkinson cycles; heat resistance; friction; performance optimization; variable specific-heat ID EFFICIENCY CHARACTERISTICS; ENGINE CYCLES; OTTO CYCLE; DUAL-CYCLE; POWER; SYSTEMS; OUTPUT; OPTIMIZATION AB The performance of an air standard Atkinson cycle with heat-transfer loss, friction-like term loss and variable specific-heats of the working fluid is analyzed using finite-time thermodynamics. The relations between the power output and the compression ratio, between the thermal efficiency and the compression ratio, as well as the optimal relation between the power output and the efficiency of the cycle are derived by detailed numerical examples. Moreover, the effects of variable specificheats of the working fluid and the friction-like term loss on the irreversible cycle performance are analyzed. The results show that the effects of variable specific-heats of working fluid and friction-like term loss on the irreversible cycle performance should be considered in cycle analysis. The results obtained in this paper provide guidance for the design of Atkinson engines. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 32 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD NOV PY 2006 VL 83 IS 11 BP 1210 EP 1221 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2005.12.003 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 083QP UT WOS:000240473600004 ER PT J AU Valeri, CR Ragno, G Veech, RL AF Valeri, C. Robert Ragno, Gina Veech, Richard L. TI Effects of the resuscitation fluid and the hemoglobin based oxygen carrier (HBOC) excipient on the toxicity of the HBOC: Ringer's (D, L)- lactate, Ringer's (L)-lactate, and Ringer's ketone solutions SO ARTIFICIAL CELLS BLOOD SUBSTITUTES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Blood Substitutes CY JUN 12-15, 2005 CL Brown Univ, Providence, RI HO Brown Univ DE excipients for HBOC; resuscitative solutions; Ringer's D L lactate; Ringer's L lactate and Ringer's ketone solutions ID ACUTE-RENAL-FAILURE; HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; PULMONARY APOPTOSIS; NEUTROPHIL ACTIVATION; FREE-RADICALS; RAT MODEL; KAPPA-B; LEUKOCYTES; ADHESION; BODIES AB Hemoglobin based oxygen carriers ( HBOC) are resuspended in "excipients'' consisting of Ringer's D, L- lactate containing antioxidants to prevent methemoglobin formation during storage. Investigators have reported cardiac arrhythmias following infusion of Ringer's D, L- lactate solution. Studies have shown that D- lactate stimulates human granulocytes to generate oxygen free radicals and L- lactate inhibits glycolysis. Patients receiving HBOC in Ringer's D, L- lactate excipient are also resuscitated or hemodiluted with Ringer's lactate solution. Oxygen- free radicals generated by Ringer's D, L- lactate and HBOC may oxidize nitric oxide in endothelial cells, causing the vasoconstrictor effects reported following HBOC infusion, and activate NF-kappa b and the apoptotic cascade. The combination of Ringer's D, L- lactate and HBOC in Ringer's D, L- lactate excipient may be responsible for the severe adverse events observed in clinical studies of HBOC. Veech has recommended replacing the 27mM of lactate in Ringer's with 27mM D- betahydroxybutyrate ( BHB). BHB reduces the generation of oxygen free radicals by mitochondria and human granulocytes. C1 USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA USA. NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Valeri, CR (reprint author), USN, Blood Res Lab, 195 Bournehurst Dr, Plymouth, MA 02360 USA. EM navblood@nbrl.org NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1073-1199 J9 ARTIF CELL BLOOD SUB JI Artif. Cells Blood Substit. Biotechnol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 34 IS 6 BP 601 EP 606 DI 10.1080/10731190600974087 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 102NI UT WOS:000241818500007 PM 17090432 ER PT J AU Beckwith, SVW Stiavelli, M Koekemoer, AM Caldwell, JAR Ferguson, HC Hook, R Lucas, RA Bergeron, LE Corbin, M Jogee, S Panagia, N Robberto, M Royle, P Somerville, RS Sosey, M AF Beckwith, Steven V. W. Stiavelli, Massimo Koekemoer, Anton M. Caldwell, John A. R. Ferguson, Henry C. Hook, Richard Lucas, Ray A. Bergeron, Louis E. Corbin, Michael Jogee, Shardha Panagia, Nino Robberto, Massimo Royle, Patricia Somerville, Rachel S. Sosey, Megan TI The Hubble Ultra Deep Field SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astronomical data bases : miscellaneous; early universe; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : high-redshift ID LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; COSMOLOGICAL REIONIZATION SOURCES; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; STAR-FORMATION RATE; HIGH-REDSHIFT; PRIMEVAL GALAXIES; SPACE-TELESCOPE; LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS; DATA REDUCTION; FORS DEEP AB This paper presents the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF), a 1 million s exposure of an 11 arcmin(2) region in the southern sky with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope using Director's Discretionary Time. The exposure time was divided among four filters, F435W (B-435), F606W (V-606), F775W (i(775)), and F850LP (z(850)), to give approximately uniform limiting magnitudes m(AB) similar to 29 for point sources. The image contains at least 10,000 objects, presented here as a catalog, the vast majority of which are galaxies. Visual inspection of the images shows few if any galaxies at redshifts greater than similar to 4 that resemble present-day spiral or elliptical galaxies. The image reinforces the conclusion from the original Hubble Deep Field that galaxies evolved strongly during the first few billion years in the infancy of the universe. Using the Lyman break dropout method to derive samples of galaxies at redshifts between 4 and 7, it is possible to study the apparent evolution of the galaxy luminosity function and number density. Examination of the catalog for dropout sources yields 504 B435 dropouts, 204 V606 dropouts, and 54 i775 dropouts. The i775 dropouts are most likely galaxies at redshifts between 6 and 7. Using these samples, which are at different redshifts but derived from the same data, we find no evidence for a change in the characteristic luminosity of galaxies but some evidence for a decrease in their number densities between redshifts of 4 and 7. Assessing the factors needed to derive the luminosity function from the data suggests that there is considerable uncertainty in parameters from samples discovered with different instruments and derived using independent assumptions about the source populations. This assessment calls into question some of the strong conclusions of recently published work on distant galaxies. The ultraviolet luminosity density of these samples is dominated by galaxies fainter than the characteristic luminosity, and the HUDF reveals considerably more luminosity than shallower surveys. The apparent ultraviolet luminosity density of galaxies appears to decrease from redshifts of a few to redshifts greater than 6, although this decrease may be the result of faint-end incompleteness in the most distant samples. The highest redshift samples show that star formation was already vigorous at the earliest epochs at which galaxies have been observed, less than 1 billion years after the big bang. C1 Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Space Telescope European Corrdinating Facil, D-85748 Garching, Germany. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. European Space Agcy, F-75738 Paris 15, France. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Beckwith, SVW (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM svwb@stsci.edu; mcorbin@nofs.navy.ml OI Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048 NR 56 TC 423 Z9 424 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 132 IS 5 BP 1729 EP 1755 DI 10.1086/507302 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 104GI UT WOS:000241945500001 ER PT J AU Girard, TM Korchagin, VI Casetti-Dinescu, DI van Altena, WF Lopez, CE Monet, DG AF Girard, T. M. Korchagin, V. I. Casetti-Dinescu, D. I. van Altena, W. F. Lopez, C. E. Monet, D. G. TI Velocity shear of the thick disk from SPM3 proper motions at the south Galactic pole SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; Galaxy : kinematics and dynamics ID DARK-MATTER UNIVERSE; FIELD STAR SURVEY; METAL-POOR STARS; STELLAR POPULATIONS; MILKY-WAY; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; GALAXY EVOLUTION; FAINT STARS; KINEMATICS; DENSITY AB The kinematical properties of the Galactic thick disk are studied using absolute proper motions from the Third Yale/San Juan Southern Proper Motion Catalog and Two Micron All Sky Survey near-infrared photometry for a sample of similar to 1200 red giants in the direction of the south Galactic pole. The photometrically selected sample is dominated by thick-disk stars, as indicated by the number-density distribution that varies with distance from the Galactic plane as a single-valued exponential over the range 1 kpc < z < 4 kpc. The inferred scale height of the thick disk is 0: 783 +/- 0: 048 kpc. The kinematics of the sample are also consistent with disklike motion. The U-velocity component is roughly constant, reflecting the Sun's peculiar motion, while a considerable shear is seen in the mean rotational velocity, V. The V-velocity profile's dependence on z is linear, with a gradient of dV/dz = -30 +/- 3 km s(-1) kpc(-1). The velocity dispersions in both U and V show a lesser gradient of about 9 +/- 3 km s(-1) kpc(-1). We demonstrate that the derived velocity and velocity-dispersion profiles are consistent with the assumptions of dynamical equilibrium and reasonable models of the overall Galactic potential. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ San Juan, RA-5413 San Juan, Argentina. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Isaac Newton Inst Chile, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia. Rostov Univ, Inst Phys, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia. Romanian Acad, Inst Astron, RO-75212 Bucharest, Romania. RP Girard, TM (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Astron, POB 208101, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM girard@astro.yale.edu RI Korchagin, Vladimir/L-5324-2016 NR 57 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 132 IS 5 BP 1768 EP 1782 DI 10.1086/507331 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 104GI UT WOS:000241945500004 ER PT J AU Fey, AL Ojha, R Quick, JFH Nicolson, GD Lovell, JEJ Reynolds, JE Ellingsen, SP McCulloch, PM Johnston, KJ Jauncey, DL Tzioumis, AK AF Fey, Alan L. Ojha, Roopesh Quick, Jonathan F. H. Nicolson, George D. Lovell, James E. J. Reynolds, John E. Ellingsen, Simon P. McCulloch, Peter M. Johnston, Kenneth J. Jauncey, David L. Tzioumis, Anastasios K. TI Milliarcsecond-accurate astrometry of 34 southern hemisphere radio sources SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; catalogs; quasars : general; radio continuum : galaxies; reference systems; techniques : interferometric ID VLBA CALIBRATOR SURVEY; OPTICAL REFERENCE FRAME; FLAT-SPECTRUM SAMPLE; ADDITIONAL SOURCE POSITIONS; CELESTIAL REFERENCE FRAME; BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; ICRF SOURCES; REDSHIFTS; IDENTIFICATIONS; SYSTEM AB Milliarcsecond-accurate radio positions in the International Celestial Reference Frame for 34 southern hemisphere extragalactic sources are reported. The positions are derived from Mark III/IV very long baseline interferometry observations made between 2004 August and 2006 April using radio telescopes located in Australia, South Africa, and Hawaii. Positions for 7 of the 34 sources have been reported previously by us but are reported here with significantly improved accuracy. These results supplement an ongoing project to increase the sky density of southern hemisphere sources in order to better define the International Celestial Reference Frame and to provide additional phase reference sources with accurate positions for use in astrophysical observations. Positions for all 34 sources are south of delta = -20 degrees (positions for nine of the sources are south of delta = -60 degrees) and have average formal uncertainties of 0.23 mas in alpha cos delta and 0.35 mas in delta. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. Hartebeesthoek Radio Astron Observ, ZA-1740 Krugersdorp, South Africa. Univ Tasmania, Sch Math & Phys, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Fey, AL (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM afey@usno.navy.mil RI Ellingsen, Simon/J-7754-2014 OI Ellingsen, Simon/0000-0002-1363-5457 NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 132 IS 5 BP 1944 EP 1949 DI 10.1086/507991 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 104GI UT WOS:000241945500019 ER PT J AU Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI Wycoff, GL Holdenried, ER AF Mason, Brian D. Hartkopf, William I. Wycoff, Gary L. Holdenried, Ellis R. TI Speckle interferometry at the US Naval Observatory. XII SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; binaries : visual; techniques : interferometric ID BINARY STAR ORBITS; VISUAL DOUBLE STARS; TYCHO-2 CATALOG; SYSTEMS; MASSES; HIPPARCOS; ELEMENTS; PAIRS AB The results of 1657 speckle interferometric observations of double stars, made with the 26 inch (66 cm) refractor of the US Naval Observatory, are presented. Each speckle interferometric observation of a system represents a combination of over 2000 short-exposure images. These observations are averaged into 1111 mean relative positions and range in separation from 0".16 to 16".99, with a median separation of 1."65. This is the 12th in a series of papers presenting measurements obtained with this system and covers the period 2005 January 3-December 29. Included in these data are 30 older measurements whose positions were previously deemed possibly aberrant but are no longer classified this way following a confirming observation. Sixteen of these systems have new orbital elements, which are presented here as well. For eta Coronae Borealis (STF 1937) we determine masses of 1.207 and 1.077 M-circle dot and an orbital parallax of 54.95 mas. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Mason, BD (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM bdm@usno.navy.mil; wih@usno.navy.mil; glw@usno.navy.mil NR 73 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 132 IS 5 BP 2219 EP 2230 DI 10.1086/508231 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 104GI UT WOS:000241945500043 ER PT J AU Paizis, A Farinelli, R Titarchuk, L Courvoisier, TJL Bazzano, A Beckmann, V Frontera, F Goldoni, P Kuulkers, E Mereghetti, S Rodriguez, J Vilhu, O AF Paizis, A. Farinelli, R. Titarchuk, L. Courvoisier, T. J. -L. Bazzano, A. Beckmann, V. Frontera, F. Goldoni, P. Kuulkers, E. Mereghetti, S. Rodriguez, J. Vilhu, O. TI Average hard X-ray emission from NS LMXBs: observational evidence of different spectral states in NS LMXBs SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE X-rays : binaries; binaries : close; stars : neutron ID OSCILLATION FREQUENCY CORRELATION; BLACK-HOLES; NEUTRON-STAR; BINARIES; BEPPOSAX; LUMINOSITY; INDEX; ATOLL; RXTE; TRANSITION AB Aims. We studied and compared the long-term average hard X-ray (> 20 keV) spectra of a sample of twelve bright low-mass X-ray binaries hosting a neutron star (NS). Our sample comprises the six well studied Galactic Z sources and six Atoll sources, four of which are bright ("GX") bulge sources while two are weaker ones in the 2-10 keV range (H 1750-440 and H 1608-55). Methods. For all the sources of our sample, we analysed available public data and extracted average spectra from the IBIS/ISGRI detector on board INTEGRAL. Results. We can describe all the spectral states in terms of the bulk motion Comptonisation scenario. We find evidence that bulk motion is always present, its strength is related to the accretion rate and it is suppressed only in the presence of high local luminosity. The two low-dim Atoll source spectra are dominated by photons up-scattered presumably due to dynamical and thermal Comptonisation in an optically thin, hot plasma. For the first time, we extend the detection of H 1750-440 up to 150 keV. The Z and bright "GX" Atoll source spectra are very similar and are dominated by Comptonised blackbody radiation of seed photons, presumably coming from the accretion disc and NS surface, in an optically thick cloud with plasma temperature in the range of 2.5-3 keV. Six sources show a hard tail in their average spectrum: Cyg X-2 (Z), GX 340+0 (Z), GX 17+2 (Z), GX 5-1 (Z), Sco X-1 (Z) and GX 13+1 (Atoll). This is the first detection of a hard tail in the X-ray spectrum of the peculiar GX 13+1. Using radio data from the literature we find, in all Z sources and bright "GX" Atolls, a systematic positive correlation between the X-ray hard tail (40-100 keV) and the radio luminosity. This suggests that hard tails and energetic electrons causing the radio emission may have the same origin, most likely the Compton cloud located inside the NS magnetosphere. C1 INAF, IASF, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Explorat Univ Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observ & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, Versoix, Switzerland. Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. INAF, IASF, Sez Roma, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Ctr Astrophys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. APC, UMR 7164, F-75231 Paris, France. CEA Saclay, DSM, DAPNIA, SAP, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. ISOC, ESA, ESAC, Madrid 28080, Spain. Univ Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Paizis, A (reprint author), INAF, IASF, Sez Milano, Via Bassini 15, I-20133 Milan, Italy. EM ada@iasf-milano.inaf.it OI Rodriguez, Jerome/0000-0002-4151-4468; MEREGHETTI, SANDRO/0000-0003-3259-7801; Paizis, Adamantia/0000-0001-5067-0377; Bazzano, Angela/0000-0002-2017-4396 NR 42 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 459 IS 1 BP 187 EP 197 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065792 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 102CT UT WOS:000241789100021 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Hodgdon, JA Griswold, L Miller, A Roberts, DE Escamilla, RF AF Taylor, Marcus K. Hodgdon, James A. Griswold, Lisa Miller, Amanda Roberts, Donald E. Escamilla, Rafael F. TI Cervical resistance training: Effects on isometric and dynamic strength SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE neck strength; resistance training ID EXTENSION STRENGTH; NECK INJURIES; PILOTS AB Introduction: Neck injuries signify a physical fitness and human system problem with high operational significance. The prevalence of injuries in tactical aviators has been reported to be as high as 84%, although few report engaging in neck-specific strengthening exercises. It is generally believed that neck strengthening may result in fewer neck injuries. This study was designed to investigate the effects of 12 wk of cervical strength training (3 d (.) wk(-1)) on isometric strength, dynamic strength, and hypertrophy in a sample of military men. Methods: Participants were tested for each of the above-mentioned variables before and after the training program as well as at 4-wk intervals, and results were compared with a control group that performed no cervical resistance training. Results: Results indicated significant improvements in isometric strength and dynamic strength, typically occurring as early as 4 wk and improving throughout the 12-wk period. Modest increases in neck circumference were also noted. Discussion: These findings have implications for military personnel at risk of neck injury in their occupational activities. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Calif State Univ Sacramento, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Taylor, MK (reprint author), Stress Physiol Res Core, Code 21 Warfighter Performance,POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM taylorm@nhrc.navy.mil NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 77 IS 11 BP 1131 EP 1135 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 101VH UT WOS:000241768500005 PM 17086765 ER PT J AU Gutteridge, CE Nichols, DA Curtis, SM Thota, DS Vo, JV Gerena, L Montip, G Asher, CO Diaz, DS DiTusa, CA Smith, KS Bhattacharjee, AK AF Gutteridge, Clare E. Nichols, Daniel A. Curtis, Sean M. Thota, Darshan S. Vo, Joseph V. Gerena, Lucia Montip, Gettayacamin Asher, Constance O. Diaz, Damaris S. DiTusa, Charles A. Smith, Kirsten S. Bhattacharjee, Apurba K. TI In vitro and in vivo efficacy and in vitro metabolism of 1-phenyl-3-aryl-2-propen-1-ones against Plasmodium falciparum SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE malaria; chalcone; quinoline; metabolism ID ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY; LIVER-MICROSOMES; CHALCONE; MALARIA; DERIVATIVES; ANALOGS AB Investigation of a series of 1-phenyl-3-aryl-2-propen-1-ones resulted in the identification of nine inhibitors with submicromolar efficacy against at least one Plasmodium falciparum strain in vitro. These inhibitors were inactive when given orally in a Plasmodium berghei infected mouse model. Significant compound degradation occurred upon their exposure to a liver microsome preparation, suggesting metabolic instability may be responsible for the lack of activity in vivo. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Gutteridge, CE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM gutterid@usna.edu RI DiTusa, Charles/A-9143-2011 NR 12 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 16 IS 21 BP 5682 EP 5686 DI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.08.009 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 097KV UT WOS:000241447300044 PM 16908136 ER PT J AU Lawenda, BD AF Lawenda, Brian D. TI Integrative oncology: Tapping into a research goldmine SO CANCER JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE USE; ST-JOHNS-WORT; BONE-MARROW-TRANSPLANTATION; CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED NAUSEA; BREAST-CANCER PATIENTS; UNITED-STATES; COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PROSTATE-CANCER; FOLLOW-UP C1 USN, Med Ctr, Breast Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Lawenda, BD (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Breast Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM bdlawenda@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU JONES AND BARTLETT PUBLISHERS PI SUDBURY PA 40 TALL PINE DR, SUDBURY, MA 01776 USA SN 1528-9117 J9 CANCER J JI Cancer J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 6 BP 455 EP 458 DI 10.1097/00130404-200611000-00003 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 120YL UT WOS:000243122600003 PM 17207313 ER PT J AU Efroimsky, M AF Efroimsky, Michael TI Long-term evolution of orbits about a precessing oblate planet. 2. The case of variable precession SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE equinoctial precession; satellite orbits; orbital elements; osculating elements; nonosculating elements ID RIGID-BODY DYNAMICS; SOLAR-SYSTEM; CLIMATIC VARIATIONS; GAUGE FREEDOM; MARS; PERTURBATIONS; INSOLATION; MECHANICS; OBLIQUITY; EARTH AB We continue the study undertaken in Efroimsky [Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. 91, 75 - 108 (2005a)] where we explored the influence of spin-axis variations of an oblate planet on satellite orbits. Near-equatorial satellites had long been believed to keep up with the oblate primary's equator in the cause of its spin-axis variations. As demonstrated by Efroimsky and Goldreich [Astron. Astrophys. 415, 1187 - 1199 ( 2004)], this opinion had stemmed from an inexact interpretation of a correct result by Goldreich [ Astron. J. 70, 5 - 9 ( 1965)]. Although Goldreich [ Astron. J. 70, 5 - 9 ( 1965)] mentioned that his result ( preservation of the initial inclination, up to small oscillations about the moving equatorial plane) was obtained for non-osculating inclination, his admonition had been persistently ignored for forty years. It was explained in Efroimsky and Goldreich [ Astron. Astrophys. 415, 1187 - 1199 ( 2004)] that the equator precession influences the osculating inclination of a satellite orbit already in the first order over the perturbation caused by a transition from an inertial to an equatorial coordinate system. It was later shown in Efroimsky [ Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. 91, 75 - 108 ( 2005a)] that the secular part of the inclination is affected only in the second order. This fact, anticipated by Goldreich [ Astron. J. 70, 5 - 9 ( 1965)], remains valid for a constant rate of the precession. It turns out that non-uniform variations of the planetary spin state generate changes in the osculating elements, that are linear \(mu) over right arrow\, where (mu) over right arrow is the planetary equator's total precession rate that includes the equinoctial precession, nutation, the Chandler wobble, and the polar wander. We work out a formalism which will help us to determine if these factors cause a drift of a satellite orbit away from the evolving planetary equator. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Efroimsky, M (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM me@usno.navy.mil OI Efroimsky, Michael/0000-0003-1249-9622 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 EI 1572-9478 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3-4 BP 259 EP 288 DI 10.1007/s10569-006-9046-5 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA 110ZO UT WOS:000242420300006 ER PT J AU Bradshaw, DA Ruff, GA Murphy, DP AF Bradshaw, David A. Ruff, Gregory A. Murphy, David P. TI An oral hypnotic medication does not improve continuous positive airway pressure compliance in men with obstructive sleep apnea SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE compliance; continuous positive airway pressure; hypnotic; obstructive sleep apnea; zolpidem ID NASAL CPAP; APNEA/HYPOPNEA SYNDROME; DAYTIME FUNCTION; APNOEA/HYPOPNOEA SYNDROME; HYPOPNEA SYNDROME; CONTROLLED TRIAL; HEART HEALTH; RISK-FACTORS; ZOLPIDEM; THERAPY AB Background: Compliance with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly variable. Recent studies suggest that the initial experience with CPAP may determine long-term success. We hypothesized that administration of a hypnotic medication to new CPAP users would facilitate acclimation and increase usage. Methods: Seventy-two male OSA patients referred for CPAP treatment were randomized to also receive an oral hypnotic agent (zolpidem), placebo pill, or neither (standard care) for the first 14 days of CPAP treatment. CPAP usage (effective mask pressure [hours per day]) was recorded by an internal data chip. Patient symptoms were assessed with the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) and functional outcomes of sleep questionnaire (FOSQ). Treatment groups were matched for age, body mass index, and baseline ESS and FOSQ scores. Despite randomization, the standard care group had a higher apnea/hypopnea index than either the zolpidem or placebo pill groups (54.75 +/- 28.02 vs 32.61 +/- 25.12 vs 38.09 +/- 25.65, p = 0.012) [mean +/- SD]. Compared to placebo pill and standard care groups, the zolpidem group did not show greater CPAP usage in terms of total days used (zolpidem, 20.58 +/- 7.40 days; placebo pill, 17.83 +/- 9.33 days; standard care, 22.92 +/- 6.95 days; p = 0.198) or average time used per night (4.43 +/- 1.16 h vs 4.23 +/- 2.14 h vs 4.94 +/- 1.44 h, p = 0.361). All groups showed significant symptom improvements on both the ESS (p < 0.001) and FOSQ (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Administration of an oral hypnotic agent did not improve initial CPAP compliance in men with OSA. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Pulm, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Bradshaw, DA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM DABradshaw@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 48 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD NOV PY 2006 VL 130 IS 5 BP 1369 EP 1376 DI 10.1378/chest.130.5.1369 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 106OH UT WOS:000242109800015 PM 17099012 ER PT J AU Martin, K Panangaden, P AF Martin, Keye Panangaden, Prakash TI A domain of spacetime intervals in general relativity SO COMMUNICATIONS IN MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We prove that a globally hyperbolic spacetime with its causality relation is a bicontinuous poset whose interval topology is the manifold topology. From this one can show that from only a countable dense set of events and the causality relation, it is possible to reconstruct a globally hyperbolic spacetime in a purely order theoretic manner. The ultimate reason for this is that globally hyperbolic spacetimes belong to a category that is equivalent to a special category of domains called interval domains. We obtain a mathematical setting in which one can study causality independently of geometry and differentiable structure, and which also suggests that spacetime emerges from something discrete. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. McGill Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. RP Martin, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kmartin@itd.nrl.navy.mil; prakash@cs.mcgill.ca NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-3616 J9 COMMUN MATH PHYS JI Commun. Math. Phys. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 267 IS 3 BP 563 EP 586 DI 10.1007/s00220-006-0066-5 PG 24 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 082OJ UT WOS:000240395900001 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ Hayes-Roth, R AF Denning, Peter J. Hayes-Roth, Rick TI Decision making in very large networks SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Innovat & Informat Superior, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Innovat & Informat Superior, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM pjd@nps.edu; hayes-roth@nps.edu NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD NOV PY 2006 VL 49 IS 11 BP 19 EP 23 DI 10.1145/1167838.1167852 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 100KB UT WOS:000241666500008 ER PT J AU Little, BJ Lee, JS Ray, RI AF Little, B. J. Lee, J. S. Ray, R. I. TI Diagnosing microbiologically influenced corrosion: A state-of-the-art review SO CORROSION LA English DT Review DE detection; methods; microbiologically influenced corrosion ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; NATURAL-ENVIRONMENT; STAINLESS-STEEL; WATER; IDENTIFICATION; ELECTRODE; SURFACES; BIOFILMS; SYSTEM; IONS AB Diagnosing microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) after it has occurred requires a combination of microbiological, metallurgical, and chemical analyses. MIC investigations have typically attempted to 1) identify causative microorganisms in the bulk medium or associated with the corrosion products, 2) identify a pit morphology consistent with an MIC mechanism, and 3) identify a corrosion product chemistry that is consistent with the causative organisms. The following sections provide a discussion of available techniques, their advantages and disadvantages, and, most importantly, their limitations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Oceanog Code 7303 & 7332,Bldg 1009,Room B131,Sten, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jlee@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 64 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 20 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD NOV PY 2006 VL 62 IS 11 BP 1006 EP 1017 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 102PZ UT WOS:000241826200007 ER PT J AU Knopf, JW AF Knopf, Jeffrey W. TI Deterrence or preemption? SO CURRENT HISTORY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Knopf, JW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CURRENT HIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 4225 MAIN ST PO BOX 4647, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19127 USA SN 0011-3530 J9 CURR HIST JI Curr. Hist. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 105 IS 694 BP 395 EP 399 PG 5 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 099SH UT WOS:000241615400010 ER PT J AU Yelisseyev, AP Steeds, JW Babich, YV Feigelson, BN AF Yelisseyev, A. P. Steeds, J. W. Babich, Y. V. Feigelson, B. N. TI A new approach to investigation of nickel defect transformation in the HPHT synthetic diamonds using local optical spectroscopy SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on New Diamond Science and Technology/9th Applied Diamond Conference CY MAY 15-19, 2006 CL Res Triangle Pk, NC DE diamond crystal; impurity defect characterization ID CONTAINING CENTERS; NITROGEN; AGGREGATION; COBALT AB The analysis of spatial photoluminescence distribution along a plate from synthetic diamond as grown at 1500 degrees C allowed us to study a sequence of formation of nitrogen-nickel optically active centers and to build maps in some cases. Several groups of vibronic systems with specific spatial distribution along the sample were separated: nitrogen-vacancy pairs in the thin near-surface layer, low-temperature centers with blue emission, nickel-nitrogen complexes with a single nickel ion and those with several nickel ions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Mineral, Siberian Branch, Moscow 117901, Russia. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yelisseyev, AP (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Mineral, Siberian Branch, Moscow 117901, Russia. EM elis@mail.nsk.ru RI Yelisseyev, Alexander/A-3846-2014; Babich, Yuri/A-5655-2014 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 15 IS 11-12 SI SI BP 1886 EP 1890 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2006.07.027 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 118GV UT WOS:000242931300024 ER PT J AU Baldwin, JW Zalalutdinov, MK Feygelson, T Pate, BB Butler, JE Houston, BH AF Baldwin, Jeffrey W. Zalalutdinov, Maxim K. Feygelson, Tatyana Pate, Bradford B. Butler, James E. Houston, Brian H. TI Nanocrystalline diamond resonator array for R-F signal processing SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on New Diamond Science and Technology/9th Applied Diamond Conference CY MAY 15-19, 2006 CL Res Triangle Pk, NC DE diamond; nanomechanical; resonator; arrays ID FILMS; TEMPERATURE; SILICON; RESIST; MIXER AB Two-dimensional arrays of weakly coupled radio frequency (RF) nanomechanical resonators were designed and fabricated in 50-150 nm thick nanocrystalline diamond films using electron beam lithography and dry etch techniques. We present a novel resonator design that allows us to reduce fabrication tolerances and to confine the frequency spread of individual resonators within similar to 0.6% over the entire modal frequency range up to 100 MHz. Due to an optimized plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) nanocrystalline diamond deposition process, high quality factors (Q > 8000) have been demonstrated for particular modes of vibrations in single nanomechanical resonators. 2D arrays of coupled resonators exhibit an acoustic band, formed by the splitting of the individual resonant modes. The propagation of a wide-band signal within the array has been demonstrated using a high magnification optical imaging setup with two independently controlled scanning lasers. In order to alleviate various sources of disorder in resonator arrays and to demonstrate their potential for RF signal processing, nanomechanical resonator fabrication techniques and resonator designs will be detailed and compared in this manuscript. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. SAIC Inc, Washington, DC 20003 USA. RP Baldwin, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM baldwin@code7136.nrl.navy.mil RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Pate, Bradford/B-4752-2010 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Pate, Bradford/0000-0002-3288-2947 NR 24 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 15 IS 11-12 BP 2061 EP 2067 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2006.09.009 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 118GV UT WOS:000242931300062 ER PT J AU Grady, BM AF Grady, Benjamin M. TI Fiber-optically isolated instrumentation application SO EE-EVALUATION ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren Directed Energy Technol Off, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Grady, BM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren Directed Energy Technol Off, Code Q22,17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NELSON PUBLISHING PI NOKOMIS PA 2500 NORTH TAMIAMI TRAIL, NOKOMIS, FL 34275-3482 USA SN 0149-0370 J9 EE-EVAL ENG JI EE-Eval. Eng. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 45 IS 11 BP 34 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 106ZF UT WOS:000242139800005 ER PT J AU Giordano, BC Terray, A Collins, GE AF Giordano, Braden C. Terray, Alex Collins, Greg E. TI Microchip-based CEC of nitroaromatic and nitramine explosives using silica-based sol-gel stationary phases from methyl- and ethyl-trimethoxysilane precursors SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE capillary electrokinetic chromatography; microchip electrophoresis; nitroaromatic and nitramine explosives; sol-gel ID MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; OPEN-CHANNEL ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; MONOLITHIC SUPPORT STRUCTURES; CAPILLARY ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; AMINO-ACIDS; CHIP ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; ABSORBENCY DETECTION; MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE; OCTADECYL MOIETIES; POLYMER MONOLITHS AB Microchip-based CEC of nitroaromatic and nitramine explosives with UV absorbance detection is described. The stationary phase was deposited in the microchip using the sol-gel process. Unique to this work, is the exclusive use of alkylated-trimethoxysilane precursors in the gel solution. Using alkylated precursors allows for the synthesis of a hydrophobic stationary phase in a single step. Three sol-gel formulations of increasing hydrophobicity and suitable for the separation of explosives are established from methyl- and ethyl-trimethoxysilane precursors. Increasing the alkyl-chain length improved the resolution significantly, allowing for the separation of up to seven analytes. Direct injection onto the head of the stationary phase for long injection times, results in sub-mg/L detection limits with little effect on separation efficiency. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SAIC, Washington, DC USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6112,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM greg.collins@nrl.navy.mil NR 48 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD NOV PY 2006 VL 27 IS 21 BP 4295 EP 4302 DI 10.1002/elps.200600254 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 108EG UT WOS:000242222500021 PM 17022017 ER PT J AU Wu, F Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C Guo, FZ Li, Q AF Wu, Feng Chen, Lingen Sun, Fengrui Wu, Chih Guo, Fangzhong Li, Qing TI Quantum degeneracy effect on performance of irreversible Otto cycle with ideal Bose gas SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE irreversible Otto cycle; Bose gas; quantum cycle; work output; efficiency; quantum statistical thermodynamics ID ERICSSON REFRIGERATION CYCLE; FINITE-TIME; HEAT ENGINE; SPIN SYSTEMS; WORK OUTPUT; OPTIMIZATION; PUMP; SIMULATION; AMPLIFIER AB An Otto cycle working with an ideal Bose gas is called a Bose Otto cycle. The internal irreversibility of the cycle is included in the factors of internal irreversibility degree. The quantum degeneracy effect on the performance of the cycle is investigated based on quantum statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. Variations of the maximum work output ratio R-W and the efficiency ratio y with temperature ratio T are examined, which reveal the influence of the quantum degeneracy of the working substance on the performance of a Bose Otto cycle. It is shown that the results obtained herein are valid under both classical and quantum ideal gas conditions. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. Wuhan Inst Technol, Sch Sci, Wuhan 430073, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Tech Inst Phys & Chem, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lingenchen@hotmail.com NR 43 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 47 IS 18-19 BP 3008 EP 3018 DI 10.1016/j.enocnman.2006.03.011 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 074PI UT WOS:000239823900015 ER PT J AU Chen, LC Ge, YL Sun, FG Wu, C AF Chen, Lingen Ge, Yanlin Sun, Fengrui Wu, Chih TI Effects of heat transfer, friction and variable specific heats of working fluid on performance of an irreversible dual cycle SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE thermodynamic optimization; dual cycle; heat resistance; friction loss; variable specific heat of working fluid ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; DIESEL-ENGINE; OTTO CYCLE; OPTIMIZATION; SYSTEMS AB The thermodynamic performance of an air standard dual cycle with heat transfer loss, friction like term loss and variable specific heats of working fluid is analyzed. The relations between the power output and the compression ratio, between the thermal efficiency and the compression ratio, as well as the optimal relation between power output and the efficiency of the cycle, are derived by detailed numerical examples. Moreover, the effects of variable specific heats of the working fluid and the friction like term loss on the irreversible cycle performance are analyzed. The results show that the effects of variable specific heats of working fluid and friction like term loss on the cycle performance are obvious, and they should be considered in practical cycle analysis. The results obtained in this paper may provide guidance for the design of practical internal combustion engines. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LC (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lingenchen@hotmail.com NR 20 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 47 IS 18-19 BP 3224 EP 3234 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2006.02.016 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 074PI UT WOS:000239823900032 ER PT J AU Becker, D Minsker, B Greenwald, R Zhang, Y Harre, K Yager, K Zheng, CM Peralta, R AF Becker, David Minsker, Barbara Greenwald, Robert Zhang, Yan Harre, Karla Yager, Kathleen Zheng, Chunmiao Peralta, Richard TI Reducing long-term remedial costs by transport modeling optimization SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB The Department of Defense (DoD) Environmental Security Technology Certification Program and the Environmental Protection Agency sponsored a project to evaluate the benefits and utility of contaminant transport simulation-optimization algorithms against traditional (trial and error) modeling approaches. Three pump-and-treat facilities operated by the DoD were selected for inclusion in the project. Three optimization formulations were developed for each facility and solved independently by three modeling teams (two using simulation-optimization algorithms and one applying trial-and-error methods). The results clearly indicate that simulation-optimization methods are able to search a wider range of well locations and flow rates and identify better solutions than current trial-and-error approaches. The solutions found were 5% to 50% better than those obtained using trial-and-error (measured using optimal objective function values), with an average improvement of similar to 20%. This translated into potential savings ranging from $600,000 to $10,000,000 for the three sites. In nearly all cases, the cost savings easily outweighed the costs of the optimization. To reduce computational requirements, in some cases the simulation-optimization groups applied multiple mathematical algorithms, solved a series of modified subproblems, and/or fit "meta-models" such as neural networks or regression models to replace time-consuming simulation models in the optimization algorithm. The optimal solutions did not account for the uncertainties inherent in the modeling process. This project illustrates that transport simulation-optimization techniques are practical for real problems. However, applying the techniques in an efficient manner requires expertise and should involve iterative modification to the formulations based on interim results. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Hazardous Tox & Radioact Waste Ctr Expertise, Omaha, NE 68144 USA. Minsker Consulting, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. GeoTrans Inc, Freehold, NJ 07728 USA. USN, Naval Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, Code ESC414, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. US EPA, Off Superfund Remediat & Technol Innovat, ECA OEME, North Chelmsford, MA 01863 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol & Irragat Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Becker, D (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Hazardous Tox & Radioact Waste Ctr Expertise, 12565 W Ctr Rd, Omaha, NE 68144 USA. EM dave.j.becker@usace.army.mil RI Zheng, Chunmiao/I-5257-2014 OI Zheng, Chunmiao/0000-0001-5839-1305 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 44 IS 6 BP 864 EP 875 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00242.x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 099UU UT WOS:000241622600014 PM 17087758 ER PT J AU Goetz, PG Rabinovich, WS Binari, SC Mittereder, JA AF Goetz, Peter G. Rabinovich, William S. Binari, Steven C. Mittereder, Jeffrey A. TI High-performance chirped electrode design for cat's eye retro-reflector modulators SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE free-space optical communication; optical modulation; optoelectronic devices; quantum-well devices ID SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATION; RETROREFLECTOR AB Modulating retro-reflector (MRR) systems typically use large area surface-normal modulators with large lateral current flow. Frequency response is limited by the resistance capacitance time constant. In cat's eye MRRs, only a small percentage of the modulator area is illuminated at a time. Uniform resistance to each part of the modulator is desired to decrease location dependence of frequency response. A novel "chirped" grid electrode was designed to balance semiconductor sheet resistance and metal line resistance components of the series resistance. Measured rise/fall times across the device showed good uniformity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goetz, PG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM goetz@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 18 IS 21-24 BP 2278 EP 2280 DI 10.1109/LPT.2006.884725 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 121QY UT WOS:000243173300030 ER PT J AU Xin, M Balakrishnan, SN Ohlmeyer, EJ AF Xin, Ming Balakrishnan, S. N. Ohlmeyer, Ernest J. TI Integrated guidance and control of missile's with theta-D method SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE missile integrated guidance and control; nonlinear-systems; optimal control ID PROPORTIONAL NAVIGATION AB A new suboptimal control method is proposed in this study to effectively design an integrated guidance and control system for missiles. Optimal formulations allow designers to bring together concerns about guidance law performance and autopilot responses under one unified framework. They lead to a natural integration of these different functions. By modifying the appropriate cost functions, different responses, control saturations (autopilot related), miss distance (guidance related), etc., which are of primary concern to a missile system designer, can be easily studied. A new suboptimal control method, called the theta-D method, is employed to obtain an approximate closed-form solution to this nonlinear guidance problem based on approximations to the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. Missile guidance law and autopilot design are formulated into a single unified state space framework. The cost function is chosen to reflect both guidance and control concerns. The ultimate control input is the missile fin deflections. A nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) missile simulation is used to demonstrate the potential of this new integrated guidance and control approach. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Xin, M (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM xin@ae.msstate.edu; bala@umr.edu; ohlmeyerey@nswc.navy.mil NR 18 TC 81 Z9 106 U1 8 U2 34 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1063-6536 J9 IEEE T CONTR SYST T JI IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 14 IS 6 BP 981 EP 992 DI 10.1109/TCST.2006.876903 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 097IQ UT WOS:000241441100001 ER PT J AU Fliflet, AW Manheimer, WM AF Fliflet, Arne W. Manheimer, Wallace M. TI Measurement of correlation functions and power spectra in clouds using the NRL WARLOC radar SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE clouds; gyrotrons; millimeter-wave radar ID DOPPLER-RADAR; BOUNDARY-LAYER; 94-GHZ RADAR; TURBULENCE; TEMPERATURE; CUMULI; WAVES AB The Naval Research Laboratory W-band Advanced Radar for Low Observable Control (WARLOC) is a high-power 94-GHz radar, with 3-10-kW average and 80-kW peak power, now set up on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay. It has three orders of magnitude more power and sensitivity than other W-band radar systems. This enables cloud reflectivity to be measured with high signal-to-noise ratios and a resolution of about 15 m over a two (or three)-dimensional region, which can be as large as tens of kilometers on a side. This allows imaging of the internal structure of clouds over great distances in very great detail. At the shortest scale lengths, the structure has a speckle pattern indicating that it is governed at least in part by stochastic processes. The WARLOC data allow the reflectivity correlation function and its Fourier transform, which is the power spectrum, to be computed for scale lengths ranging from 30 m to 10 km. For measurements taken of cirrus clouds on several occasions as well as one case of a precipitating cloud, it was found that for small correlation distance r, the correlation function usually decreases as r(2/3), or, equivalently, the wavenumber spectrum scales as k(-5/3), where k is the wavenumber. This suggests that fluid turbulence in the inertial range is playing a role; however, unlike classical fluid turbulence, the results suggest that the turbulence here is generally quite anisotropic. Furthermore, for longer scale lengths (the outer range according to the Kolmogorov theory, the reflectivity fluctuations usually show a wavelike behavior in the vertical direction but only occasionally in the horizontal direction. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Fliflet, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM arne.fliflet@nrl.navy.mil NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2006 VL 44 IS 11 BP 3247 EP 3261 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.879114 PN 2 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 104CM UT WOS:000241933600003 ER PT J AU Bejon, P Keating, S Mwacharo, J Kai, OK Dunachie, S Walther, M Berthoud, T Lang, T Epstein, J Carucci, D Moris, P Cohen, J Gilbert, SC Peshu, N Marsh, K Hill, AVS AF Bejon, Philip Keating, Sheila Mwacharo, Jedidah Kai, Oscar K. Dunachie, Susanna Walther, Michael Berthoud, Tamara Lang, Trudie Epstein, Judy Carucci, Daniel Moris, Philippe Cohen, Joe Gilbert, Sarah C. Peshu, Norbert Marsh, Kevin Hill, Adrian V. S. TI Early gamma interferon and interleukin-2 responses to vaccination predict the late resting memory in malaria-naive and malaria-exposed individuals SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID VACCINIA VIRUS ANKARA; PRIME-BOOST IMMUNIZATION; FALCIPARUM CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; T-CELL RESPONSES; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS; IMMUNOGENICITY; DIFFERENTIATION; PROLIFERATION; SUBSETS AB Two different cell populations respond to potent T-cell-inducing vaccinations. The induction and loss of effector cells can be seen using an ex vivo enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay, but the more durable resting memory response is demonstrable by a cultured ELISPOT assay. The relationship of the early effector response to durable resting memory is incompletely understood. Effector phenotype is usually identified by gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production, but interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been specifically linked to the differentiation of memory cells. Here, WN-gamma- and IL-2-secreting effector cells were identified by an ex vivo ELISPOT assay 1 week after vaccination and compared with the resting memory responses detected by a cultured ELISPOT assay 3 months later. The different kinetics and induction of IL-2 by different vaccines and natural exposure are described. Furthermore, both early IFN-gamma and IL-2 production independently predicted subsequent memory responses at 3 months in malaria-naive volunteers, but only IFN-gamma predicted memory in malaria-exposed volunteers. However, dual ELISPOT assays were also performed on malaria-exposed volunteers to identify cells producing both cytokines simultaneously. This demonstrated that double-cytokine-producing cells were highly predictive of memory. This assay may be useful in predicting vaccinations most likely to generate stable, long-term memory responses. C1 Ctr Geog Med Res, Kenya Med Res Inst, Kilifi, Kenya. Univ Oxford, Ctr Clin Vaccinol & Trop Med, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England. Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford OX3 7BN, England. Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Oxford, England. GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. RP Bejon, P (reprint author), Ctr Geog Med Res, Kenya Med Res Inst, POB 230, Kilifi, Kenya. EM pbejon@kilifi.mimcom.net RI HILL, Adrian/C-1306-2008; Keating, Sheila/B-1652-2013; OI Gilbert, Sarah/0000-0002-6823-9750 FU Medical Research Council [G84/6323]; Wellcome Trust [061702, 073597] NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 11 BP 6331 EP 6338 DI 10.1128/IAI.00774-06 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 099NA UT WOS:000241600500036 PM 16966412 ER PT J AU Brown, G Carlyle, M Salmeron, J Wood, K AF Brown, Gerald Carlyle, Matthew Salmeron, Javier Wood, Kevin TI Defending critical infrastructure SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE critical infrastructure protection; bilevel program; trilevel program; mixed-integer program; homeland security; homeland defense ID NETWORK INTERDICTION AB We apply new bilevel and trilevel optimization models to make critical infrastructure more resilient against terrorist attacks. Each model features an intelligent attacker (terrorists) and a defender (us), information transparency, and sequential actions by attacker and defender. We illustrate with examples of the US Strategic Petroleum Reserve, the US Border Patrol at Yuma, Arizona, and an electrical transmission system. We conclude by reporting insights gained from the modeling experience and many "red-team" exercises. Each exercise gathers open-source data on a real-world infrastructure system, develops an appropriate bilevel or trilevel model, and uses these to identify vulnerabilities in the system or to plan an optimal defense. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Brown, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM gbrown@nps.edu; mcarlyle@nps.edu; jsalmero@nps.edu; kwood@nps.edu OI Wood, Kevin/0000-0002-0311-8712 NR 35 TC 181 Z9 186 U1 3 U2 41 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 36 IS 6 BP 530 EP 544 DI 10.1287/inte.1060.0252 PG 15 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 117JA UT WOS:000242868100005 ER PT J AU Goray, LI Seely, JF Sadov, SY AF Goray, Leonid I. Seely, John F. Sadov, Sergey Yu. TI Spectral separation of the efficiencies of the inside and outside orders of soft-x-ray-extreme-ultraviolet gratings at near normal incidence SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MULTILAYER-COATED GRATINGS; INTEGRAL METHOD; DIFFRACTION GRATINGS; WAVELENGTH AB It is shown from both a phenomenological study and exact modeling that the reason for the experimentally observed substantial (a few angstroms or nanometers) separation in wavelength between the maxima of the inside (negative numbered) and outside (positive numbered) diffraction orders of a multilayer-coated grating, operating at near normal incidence and close to the Bragg condition in the soft-x-ray and extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) regions, is related to the different angles of deviation of the orders. This wavelength separation is also a feature of uncoated diffraction gratings, although not clearly noticeable. The widely used approximate approach for calculating the absolute efficiency, the product of the relative grating efficiency and the reflectance of its multilayer coating, has until recently been considered accurate enough for the analysis of soft-x-ray and EUV near-normal-incidence multilayer-coated gratings. The inapplicability of this approximation for the analysis of the precise positions and shapes of the efficiency curves for the inside and outside orders, despite the small ratios of wavelength and groove depth to period and the small angles of incidence, is demonstrated using gratings with realistic groove profiles and operating in the EUV region. The rigorous modified integral method (MIM), which is a variant of boundary integral equation methods and is designed for the calculation of the efficiency of multilayer gratings with arbitrary layer thicknesses and boundary shapes (including microroughness) and over a wide wavelength range, is proposed in a general operator formalism. An analysis of a derived simple phenomenological expression and the exact numerical study indicates that the spectral separation between the inside and the outside orders grows with increasing either wavelength, angle of incidence, groove frequency, or diffraction order number parallel to m parallel to. The efficiency modeling carried out with the commercial program PCGRATE-SX, based on the MIM, gave not only the exact values of the spectral separation between the inside and outside orders of Mo4Ru6/Be, Mo/Si, and Mo/Y multilayer-coated gratings with various real groove profiles measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM) but also good agreement with synchrotron radiation measurements, including high orders as well. To determine the shapes and positions of efficiency curves in the soft-x-ray-EUV range of close to normal-incidence bulk and multilayer-coated gratings with real groove profiles (measured by AFM), one should use codes based on rigorous electromagnetic theory such as the MIM. The modeling is important for developing high efficiency and dispersion gratings for high-resolution spectroscopic studies of laboratory, solar, and astrophysical radiation sources. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Int Intellectual Grp Inc, Penfield, NY 14526 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Analyt Instrumentat, St Petersburg 190103, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Math & Stat, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. RP Goray, LI (reprint author), Int Intellectual Grp Inc, POB 335, Penfield, NY 14526 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil RI Goray, Leonid/D-4426-2013 OI Goray, Leonid/0000-0002-0381-9607 NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 9 AR 094901 DI 10.1063/1.2359224 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 105OO UT WOS:000242041500112 ER PT J AU Mastro, MA Fatemi, M Gaskill, DK Lew, KK Van Mil, BL Eddy, CR Wood, CEC AF Mastro, M. A. Fatemi, M. Gaskill, D. K. Lew, K. -K. Van Mil, B. L. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Wood, C. E. C. TI X-ray diffraction study of crystal plane distortion in silicon carbide substrates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LOCAL VARIATIONS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LATTICE PLANE; ORIENTATION; GROWTH AB Bulk growth of 4H-SiC is challenging due to the required high growth temperatures and gradients used in sublimation physical vapor transport that are difficult to control, particularly over large diameter boules. We used x-ray diffraction mapping to show concave crystal plane curvature in substrates from five commercial suppliers with two suppliers producing wafers with <= 2 degrees curvature. The extent of curvature varied little for substrates from any particular supplier. Maps of peak position and full width at half maximum from symmetric and asymmetric reflections were used to identify defective regions in the crystal. Closer examination of the rocking curves in the defective regions found a low density of low angle grain boundaries only in substrates from one supplier. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. US Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Mastro, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mastro@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 9 AR 093510 DI 10.1063/1.2362918 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 105OO UT WOS:000242041500023 ER PT J AU Valeri, CR Morse, DS Ragno, G Dennis, RC AF Valeri, C. Robert Morse, David S. Ragno, Gina Dennis, Richard C. TI Hemostatic defect in baboons autotransfused treated plasma to simulate shed blood SO JOURNAL OF CARDIAC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-DOSE APROTININ; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; AUTO-TRANSFUSION; INTRAOPERATIVE AUTOTRANSFUSION; THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; PLATELET DYSFUNCTION; BLEEDING-TIME; COAGULATION; FIBRINOGEN AB Background: Nonwashed shed blood may contain products of clotting and fibrinolytic, and antifibrinolytic substances. This study was done to determine how autotransfusion of nontreated plasma and plasma treated with urokinase with and without aprotinin affected hemostasis in healthy baboons. Methods: A 500-mL volume of blood was collected from the baboon, a 250-mL volume of plasma was isolated, and the RBCs were reinfused. Three baboons were autotransfused untreated plasma. Four baboons received plasma that had been treated with 3000 IU/mL urokinase at +37 degrees C for 30 minutes. Eight baboons received plasma that had been treated first with urokinase 3000 IU/mL at +37 degrees C for 30 minutes and then with aprotinin (1000 KIU/mL). Bleeding time, fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), D-dimer, and alpha-2 antiplasmin levels were measured. Results: During the 4-hour period following autotransfusion of the urokinase-aprotinin-treated plasma, the levels of D-dimer and FDP were significantly higher and fibrinogen and alpha-2 antiplasmin levels were significantly lower than those levels seen after the autotransfusion of nontreated plasma. FDP and D-dimer levels showed significant positive correlations with prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). A significant negative correlation was observed between thrombin time (TT) and fibrinogen level. A significant positive correlation was observed between bleeding time and D-dimer level and a significant negative correlation between the bleeding time and the fibrinogen level. Conclusions: The infusion of a volume of urokinase or urokinase-aprotinin treated autologous plasma equivalent to 15% of the blood volume was not associated with a bleeding diathesis in healthy baboons. C1 USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA USA. RP Valeri, CR (reprint author), USN, Blood Res Lab, 195 Bournehurst Dr, Plymouth, MA 02360 USA. EM navblood@nbrl.org NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0886-0440 J9 J CARDIAC SURG JI J. Card. Surg. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 565 EP 571 DI 10.1111/j.1540-8191.2006.00297.x PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Surgery GA 099VM UT WOS:000241625300008 PM 17073954 ER PT J AU Bolin, I Wiklund, G Qadri, F Torres, O Bourgeois, AL Savarino, S Svennerhohn, AM AF Bolin, Ingrid Wiklund, Gudrun Qadri, Firdausi Torres, Olga Bourgeois, A. Louis Savarino, Stephen Svennerhohn, Ann-Mari TI Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli with STh and STp genotypes is associated with diarrhea both in children in areas of endemicity and in travelers SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GM1-ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; HEAT-STABLE ENTEROTOXIN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; GUINEA-BISSAU; TOXIN; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTIONS; ANTIGENS; INFANTS; DISEASE AB Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important cause of diarrhea among children in developing countries and in travelers to areas of ETEC endemicity. ETEC strains isolated from humans may produce a heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and two types of the heat-stable enterotoxin STa, called STh and STp, encoded by the estA gene. Two commonly used assay methods for the detection of STa, the infant mouse assay or different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, are unable to distinguish between the two subtypes of ST. Different genotypic methods, such as DNA probes or PCR assays, may, however, allow such discrimination. Using gene probes, it has recently been reported that ETEC strains producing STp as the only enterotoxin are not associated with diarrhea. In this study, we have used highly specific PCR methods, including newly designed primers for STh together with previously described STp primers, to compare the relative distribution of STh and STp in ETEC isolated from children with diarrhea in three different geographically distinct areas, i.e., Bangladesh, Egypt, and Guatemala, and from travelers to Mexico and Guatemala. It was found that ETEC strains producing STp were as commonly isolated from cases of diarrhea as strains producing STh both in Egypt and Guatemala, whereas STp strains were considerably less common in Bangladesh. No difference was found in the relative distribution of STh and STp in ETEC strains isolated from travelers with diarrhea and from asymptomatic carriers. Irrespective of ST genotype, the disease symptoms were also similar in both children and travelers. C1 Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Gothenburg, GUVAX, Gothenburg, Sweden. Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Div Sci Lab, Dhaka, Bangladesh. INCAP, Microbiol Lab, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Bolin, I (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, POB 435, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM ingrid.bolin@microbio.gu.se RI Savarino, Stephen/A-8030-2011 FU NICHD NIH HHS [Y1-HD-0026-01] NR 22 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 44 IS 11 BP 3872 EP 3877 DI 10.1128/JCM.00790-06 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 105UC UT WOS:000242056800004 PM 16943355 ER PT J AU Teixeira, M Warn-Varnas, A Apel, J Hawkins, J AF Teixeira, Marvi Warn-Varnas, Alex Apel, John Hawkins, Jim TI Analytical and observational studies of internal solitary waves in the yellow sea SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE internal wave models; Synthetic Aperture Radar; SAR ID SHELF; OCEAN; RADAR; SLOPE; GENERATION; TOPOGRAPHY; BREAKING; SOLITONS; MODEL; EDGE AB This article presents findings regarding the origination and evolution of a large train of internal solitary waves as observed through Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). The internal wave train under study propagates into deeper waters away from the coast and, most important, appears to be generated at a well-defined point along a steep topographic variation. The shallow bottom topography revealed itself in the SAR image and provided the opportunity to determine, with a large level of accuracy, the precise area where an internal bore originated. The bore traveled east and broke up into a train of solitary waves. The packet's phase speed, wave amplitude, mixed-layer depth, and density difference for a two-layer structure were remotely estimated based on measurements made from the SAR image, the knowledge of the local bathymetry, historical climatological data, and a two-layer model. Farther along the propagation path the internal waves exhibited an extremely large degree of dispersion, which was related to changing stratification conditions along the travel direction that are probably a consequence of the seasonal intrusion into the region of the low salinity plume of the Yangtze River. Monitoring changes in the dispersion characteristics of a soliton train from one tidal period to the next could, therefore, render remote information regarding changing stratification conditions in the area. This particularly long train of internal waves consisted of seven packets that traveled for three days along a well-defined direction. A new analytical model, termed the Dnoidal model, was used to describe the development of the internal waves with time. The extended life of this phenomenon provided an exceptional opportunity to monitor and model its evolution as well as to assess the effects of dispersion as the solitary internal waves propagated east, away from the China coast. C1 Polytech Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00919 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. Global Ocean Associates, Silver Spring, MD 20908 USA. Planning Syst Inc, Slidell, LA 70458 USA. RP Teixeira, M (reprint author), Polytech Univ Puerto Rico, POB 192017, San Juan, PR 00919 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1403 EP 1416 DI 10.2112/04-0339.1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 114WA UT WOS:000242695100010 ER PT J AU Park, HD Gaillot, AC Prokes, SM Cammarata, RC AF Park, Hyun D. Gaillot, Anne-Claire Prokes, S. M. Cammarata, Robert C. TI Observation of size dependent liquidus depression in the growth of InAs nanowires SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE nanowires; InAs ID NANOPARTICLES; MECHANISMS; WHISKERS; STRESS; GAAS AB InAs nanowires have been grown in the temperature range of 400-660 degrees C in a closed vapor growth system. Due to the nature of the growth process, no transport gas or reactive gas was used. We have performed EDS analysis on the gold alloy tips of nanowires with diameters of 25, 35, 40, 60 and 100 nm. If one considers the bulk equilibrium phase diagram, our results would indicate that while the tips for the 100 nm nanowires are in a complete liquid state, those of 60 nm diameter or less are in varying degrees of partial liquid state, and the tips of wires grown at 400 degrees C would be expected to be in the solid state. However, combining the chemical analysis and low temperature results, our results suggests a significant size dependent melting point reduction in these nanowires, in excess of that predicted by the Gibbs-Thompson theory. Under these conditions, all of the nanowire tips would fall within the liquid phase and the growth of all the InAs nanowires at these temperatures can be attributed to the VLS growth mechanism. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Prokes, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM prokes@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Cammarata, Robert /A-3307-2010 NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD NOV PY 2006 VL 296 IS 2 BP 159 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.08.033 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 109RD UT WOS:000242325300006 ER PT J AU Huttula, AS Tordik, PA Imamura, G Eichmiller, FC McClanahan, SB AF Huttula, Andrew S. Tordik, Patricia A. Imamura, Glen Eichmiller, Frederick C. McClanahan, Scott B. TI The effect of ultrasonic post instrumentation on root surface temperature SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE heat-induced bone degeneration; post removal; root surface temperature changes; ultrasonics ID HEAT-GENERATION; THERMAL-INJURY; GUTTA-PERCHA; REMOVAL; BONE; RISE AB This study measured root surface temperature changes when ultrasonic vibration, with and without irrigation, was applied to cemented endodontic posts. Twenty-six, extracted, single-rooted premolars were randomly divided into two groups. Root lengths were standardized, canals instrumented, obturated, and posts cemented into prepared spaces. Thermocouples were positioned at two locations on the proximal root surfaces. Samples were embedded in plaster and brought to 37 degrees C in a water bath. Posts were ultrasonically vibrated for 4 minutes while continuously measuring temperature. Two-way ANOVA compared effects of water coolant and thermocouple location on temperature change. Root surface temperatures were significantly higher (p < 0.001) when posts were instrumented dry. A trend for higher temperatures was observed at coronal thermocouples of nonirrigated teeth and at apical thermocouples of irrigated teeth (p = 0.057). Irrigation during post removal with ultrasonics had a significant impact on the temperature measured at the external root surface. C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, ADAF Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tordik, PA (reprint author), 8617 Augusta Farm Lane, Laytonville, MD 20882 USA. EM patordik@bethesda.med.navy.mil NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1085 EP 1087 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2006.05.005 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 099ML UT WOS:000241598900011 PM 17055912 ER PT J AU Giraldo, FX Taylor, MA AF Giraldo, F. X. Taylor, M. A. TI A diagonal-mass-matrix triangular-spectral-element method based on cubature points SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE elliptic; hyperbolic; mass; lumped; triangle ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; SYMMETRIC QUADRATURE-RULES; FINITE-ELEMENTS; WAVE-EQUATION; COMPILATION; STROUD; SPHERE AB The cornerstone of nodal spectral-element methods is the co-location of the interpolation and integration points, yielding a diagonal mass matrix that is efficient for time-integration. On quadrilateral elements, Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto points are both good interpolation and integration points; on triangles, analogous points have not yet been found. In this paper, a promising set of points for the triangle that were only available for polynomial degree N <= 5 are used. However, the derivation of these points is generalized to obtain degree N <= 7 points, which are referred to as cubature points because their selection is based on their integration accuracy. The diagonal-mass-matrix (DMM) triangular-spectral-element (TSE) method based on these points can be used for any set of equations and any type of domain. Because these cubature points integrate up to order 2N along the element boundaries and yield a diagonal mass matrix, they allow the triangular spectral elements to compete with quadrilateral spectral elements in terms of both accuracy and efficiency, while offering more geometric flexibility in the choice of grids. It is shown how to implement this DMM TSE for a variety of applications involving elliptic and hyperbolic equations on different domains. The DMM TSE method yields comparable accuracy to the exact integration (non-DMM) TSE method, while being far more efficient for time-dependent problems. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Giraldo, FX (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM giraldo@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0833 J9 J ENG MATH JI J. Eng. Math. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 56 IS 3 BP 307 EP 322 DI 10.1007/s10665-006-9085-7 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 130TE UT WOS:000243821100009 ER PT J AU Costache, MC Kanugh, EM Wilkie, CA Sorathia, U AF Costache, Marius C. Kanugh, Eric M. Wilkie, Charles A. Sorathia, Usman TI Fire retardancy of polyareas SO JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE polyureas; fire retardancy; additives; cone calorimetry ID URETHANE BLOCK-COPOLYMERS AB In this study, a variety of additives have been evaluated as potential fire retardants for polyureas with cone calorimetry being the method of evaluation. The additives that have been evaluated include minerals (alumina trihydrate), bromine-, nitrogen-, and phosphorus-based fire retardants. The major criteria for evaluation are the reductions in the peak heat release rate and the total heat released, the evolution of smoke and dripping. C1 Marquette Univ, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Wilkie, CA (reprint author), Marquette Univ, Dept Chem, POB 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM charles.wilkie@marquette.edu RI Costache, Marius/B-4068-2012 OI Costache, Marius/0000-0002-1640-8671 NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0734-9041 J9 J FIRE SCI JI J. Fire Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 24 IS 6 BP 433 EP 444 DI 10.1177/0734904106067253 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 096ET UT WOS:000241361100001 ER PT J AU Borg, J Bartyczak, S Swanson, N Cogar, JR AF Borg, John Bartyczak, Susan Swanson, Nancy Cogar, John R. TI Impact and dispersion of liquid filled cylinders SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE impact; fluid impact; fluid dispersion; fluid-structure interaction ID RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITY; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; FLUIDS; FRAGMENTATION; INTERFACE; DRIVEN; SHOCKS; GROWTH AB The computational and experimental results of impact loading a thin wall liquid filled cylindrical target within a vacuum chamber are presented. The impact velocity ranges from 2.2 to 4 2 km/s. Both experimental and computational results are presented. It will be shown that impact dynamics and the early time fluid expansion are well modeled and understood. This includes the mass distribution and resulting expansion velocity. However the late time dynamics, which includes the liquid breakup and droplet formation process of impacted liquid filled cylinders, is not well understood. C1 Marquette Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. USN, Ctr Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Abacus Enterprises, Lummi Isl, WA 98262 USA. CORVID Technol, Mooresville, NC 28117 USA. RP Borg, J (reprint author), Marquette Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 1515 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2006 VL 128 IS 6 BP 1295 EP 1307 DI 10.1115/1.2353270 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 102OE UT WOS:000241820900019 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, PA Siefring, CL Galysh, IJ Rodilosso, TF Koch, DE MacDonald, TL Wilkens, MR Landis, GP AF Bernhardt, Paul A. Siefring, Carl L. Galysh, Ivan J. Rodilosso, Thomas F. Koch, Douglas E. MacDonald, Thomas L. Wilkens, Matthew R. Landis, G. Paul TI Ionospheric applications of the scintillation and tomography receiver in space (CITRIS) mission when used with the DORIS radio beacon network SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY LA English DT Article DE DORIS; ionospheric scintillation; total electron content; radio beacons; ionospheric characterization; tomography ID ELECTRON-CONTENT MEASUREMENTS; EQUATORIAL; DENSITY; GPS/MET; TOPEX/POSEIDON; RECONSTRUCTION; SATELLITES; ATMOSPHERE; SYSTEM; ORBIT AB The scintillation and tomography receiver in space (CITRIS) instrument will orbit the Earth near 560 km altitude to detect signals from the ground-based array of more than 50 DORIS UHF/S-band radio beacons established at sites around the world by the French Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and the Institut Geographique National (IGN). The CITRIS receiver is on the US Air Force Space Test Program satellite STPSAT1, which is scheduled for launch in November 2006. CITRIS will record ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and radio scintillations with a unique ground-to-space geometry. The new instrument has been developed to study the ionosphere using data obtained with the UHF and S-band radio transmissions from the DORIS beacons because ionospheric radio scintillations can seriously degrade the performance of many space-geodetic systems, including the DORIS precise satellite orbitography system and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems). The ionospheric data will be based on radio signals sampled at a rate of 200 Hz by the CITRIS receiver. Numerical models have been used to predict that the DORIS signals measured by CITRIS may have 30 dB fluctuations in amplitude and 30 rad in phase as the satellite flies over kilometer-scale ionospheric structures. The data from the space-based CITRIS receiver will help update and validate theories on the generation and effect of ionospheric irregularities known to influence radio systems. By using simultaneous beacon transmissions from DORIS on the ground and from low-Earth-orbit beacons in space, the concept of reciprocity in a non-bilateral propagation medium like the ionosphere will be tested. Computer simulations are used to predict the magnitude of amplitude and phase scintillations that are expected to be recorded with the CITRIS instrument. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Space Syst Dev Dept, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Bernhardt, PA (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bern@ppd.nrl.navy.mil; galysh@juno.nrl.navy.mil; landis@juno.nrl.navy.mil NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-7714 J9 J GEODESY JI J. Geodesy PD NOV PY 2006 VL 80 IS 8-11 BP 473 EP 485 DI 10.1007/s00190-006-0064-6 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA 101FZ UT WOS:000241726600006 ER PT J AU Sun, PF Celluzzi, CM Marovich, M Subramanian, H Eller, M Widjaja, S Palmer, D Porter, K Sun, W Burgess, T AF Sun, Peifang Celluzzi, Christina M. Marovich, Mary Subramanian, Hemavathy Eller, Michael Widjaja, Snsana Palmer, Dupeh Porter, Kevin Sun, Wellington Burgess, Timothy TI CD40 ligand enhances dengue viral infection of dendritic cells: A possible mechanism for T cell-mediated immunopathology SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; TARGET DC-SIGN; NF-KAPPA-B; VIRUS-INFECTION; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; STIMULATORY CAPACITY; INDUCED MATURATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; EXPRESSION AB We have previously shown that dengue virus (DV) productively infects immature human dendritic cells (DCs) through binding to cell surface DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin molecules. Infected DCs are apoptotic, refractory to TNF-alpha stimulation, inhibited from undergoing maturation, and unable to stimulate T cells. In this study, we show that maturation of infected DCs could be restored by a strong stimulus, CD40L. Addition of CD40L significantly reduced apoptosis of DCs, promoted IL-12 production, and greatly elevated the IFN-gamma response of T cells, but yet did not restore T cell proliferation in MLR. Increased viral infection of DCs was also observed; however, increased infection did not appear to be mediated by DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin, but rather was regulated by decreased production of IFN-alpha and decreased apoptotic death of infected DCs. Because CD40L is highly expressed on activated memory (but not naive) T cells, the observation that CD40L signaling results in enhanced DV infection of DC suggests a possible T cell-dependent mechanism for the immune-mediated enhancement of disease severity associated with some secondary dengue infections. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Burgess, T (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, FPO, AP USA. EM burgess@namru2.org RI Porter, Kevin/A-8027-2011 NR 53 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 177 IS 9 BP 6497 EP 6503 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 097VN UT WOS:000241477400086 PM 17056582 ER PT J AU Song, CH Pehrsson, PE Zhao, W AF Song, Chulho Pehrsson, Pehr E. Zhao, Wei TI Optical enzymatic detection of glucose based on hydrogen peroxide-sensitive HiPco carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ELECTRODE; SEPARATION; BIOSENSORS; DNA; FUNCTIONALIZATION; FLUORESCENCE; OXIDASE; SENSORS; DESIGN; ROUTE AB We recently observed that surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-encased HiPco single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) respond optically to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the near-infrared region. In this report, we demonstrate that SDS-encased SWNTs immobilized with glucose oxidase (GO(x)) can be used to optically detect an enzymatic reaction of glucose based on their H2O2 sensitivity as well as pH sensitivity. Only the enzymatic product H2O2 induces the SWNT near-infrared spectral changes in buffer solutions (pH = 6.0), but both H2O2 and gluconic acid products do this in unbuffered solutions. The SWNT optical response to glucose possesses sensitivity and selectivity similar to an electrochemical method using carbon nanotube nanoelectrode arrays. Our results suggest possible carbon nanotube-based optical tools for molecular recognition applications. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhao, W (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. EM wxzhao@ualr.edu NR 49 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 9 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2817 EP 2823 DI 10.1557/JMR.2006.0343 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 102WF UT WOS:000241843300011 ER PT J AU Liu, J Walter, E Stenger, D Thach, D AF Liu, Jinny Walter, Elizabeth Stenger, David Thach, Dzung CA Epidemic Outbreak Surveillance TI Effects of globin mRNA reduction methods on gene expression profiles from whole blood SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE AB Excessive globin mRNA in whole blood RNA decreases transcript detection sensitivity and increases signal variation on microarrays. Hence, methods based on peptide nucleic acid inhibitory oligos and biotinylated DNA capture oligos have been developed to reduce globin mRNA. However, there is limited information about the effects of these two methods on gene expression profiles. Thus, we systematically compared the facility and effects of the two globin reduction methods on profile measurements from jurkat cell line RNA with or without spiked globin mRNA and human blood RNA isolated using PAXgene collection tubes. We showed that the methods were efficient at increasing the sensitivity of transcript detection without loss of specificity, but neither method could recover a profile equivalent to that of an identical RNA sample without globin mRNA excesses. The capture oligo method had slightly better transcript detection sensitivity for cell line RNA, lowered signal variation for PAXgene RNA, and more similar profiles to controls than the inhibitory method. However, the capture method required larger amounts of initial high-quality RNA to yield sufficient cRNA amounts, and its procedures were more complex and time consuming than the inhibitory method. These results inform the selection of methods suitable for multi-center surveillance of gene expression profiles. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, College Stn, TX USA. USAF, Surg Gen Headquarters, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Thach, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6920,4555 Overlook Ave SW,Bldg 30, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dzung.thach@nrl.navy.mil RI Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009; OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 NR 6 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 8 IS 5 BP 551 EP 558 DI 10.2353/jmoldx.2006.060021 PG 8 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 102LF UT WOS:000241811800006 PM 17065423 ER PT J AU McCarron, RM Chen, Y Tomori, T Strasser, A Mechoulam, R Shohami, E Spatz, M AF McCarron, R. M. Chen, Y. Tomori, T. Strasser, A. Mechoulam, R. Shohami, E. Spatz, M. TI ENDOTHELIAL-MEDIATED REGULATION OF CEREBRAL MICROCIRCULATION SO JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ischemia/reperfusion; endothelin; brain endothelium; nitric oxide; 2-AG AB Vascular endothelial cells are important not only for maintaining homeostasis, but also in pathogenesis of vascular disorders. Cerebral capillary and microvascular endothelial cells play an active role in maintaining cerebral blood flow, microvascular tone and blood brain barrier functions. Factors produced and released by endothelial cells, other brain cells and circulating blood cells participate in these regulatory functions. In particular, endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) are known to contribute to the functional vascular changes under pathological conditions (e. g., hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and stroke). This report describes the involvement of endothelial cell mediators in the post-ischemic hypoperfusion induced by brain ischemia and in vitro endothelial responses (Ca(2+) mobilization and cytoskeletal rearrangements) to ET-1 and its interactions with NO or 2-AG. The capacity of NO and endocannabinoids to counteract ET-1-induced cerebral capillary and microvascular endothelial responses indicates that they may actively participate in EC function and implicates them in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. C1 [McCarron, R. M.; Chen, Y.; Tomori, T.; Strasser, A.; Spatz, M.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Trauma & Resuscitat Med Dept, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. [McCarron, R. M.] Univ Uniformed Serv, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. [Spatz, M.] NINDS, Stroke Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Mechoulam, R.; Shohami, E.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Spatz, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, Stroke Branch, NIH, 49 Convent Dr,MSC 4476, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM spatzm@ninds.nih.gov FU NINDS, NIH FX This paper is dedicated to the memory of Professors Maria Dambska, Hanna Jedrzejowska, and Miroslaw J. Mossakowski who all collaborated and actively promoted scientific interactions between America and Poland. This work was supported in part by Intramural Research, NINDS, NIH. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defence or U. S. Goverment. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU POLISH PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI GRZEGORZECKA PA JAGIELLONIAN UNIV SCHOOL MED, INST PHYSIOLOGY, 31-531 KRAKOW, 16 GRZEGORZECKA, POLAND SN 0867-5910 J9 J PHYSIOL PHARMACOL JI J. Physiol. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 57 SU 11 BP 133 EP 144 PG 12 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA V19RD UT WOS:000208088600011 PM 17244945 ER PT J AU Brophy, CM Hanson, RK AF Brophy, C. M. Hanson, R. K. TI Fuel distribution effects on pulse detonation engine operation and performance SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB The validity and accuracy of performance measurements for pulse detonation engines depend on the ability to accurately measure thrust and fuel mass flow rates during system operation. Experimental tests have revealed that when fuel mass flow rates are calculated by conventional mass metering methods, incorrect values of the aggregate fuel mass in the combustor will often be calculated, due to inaccurate assumptions regarding the spatial fuel distribution. The difficulty in predicting the actual fuel distribution affects the ability to achieve reliable detonations for successful operation and introduces inaccuracies directly into the performance calculations. Tunable diode laser and absorption spectroscopy techniques have been applied to provide time-resolved fuel mass fraction measurements and improve the fidelity of the specific impulse calculations. Results show that stratified fuel distributions that begin near stoichiometric at the forward end of the combustor and gradually become fuel lean near the combustor exit produce substantially higher specific impulse values than axially uniform fuel distributions with the same amount of aggregate fuel due to the ability to reliably detonate while operating at an overall lean condition. Axially uniform fuel distributions at the same average equivalence ratio demonstrated lower detonability and accordingly had lower thrust and specific impulse values. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Brophy, CM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1155 EP 1161 DI 10.2514/1.18713 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 111QU UT WOS:000242469900002 ER PT J AU Kailasanath, K AF Kailasanath, K. TI Liquid-fueled detonations in tubes SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID CELLULAR STRUCTURE; SPRAY DETONATIONS; INITIATION; PARTICLES; MIXTURES; DROPLETS; VELOCITY; ENGINES; DROPS AB Motivated by the current interest in pulse detonation engines, a brief review of previous work. on liquid-fueled detonations in tubes is presented. Although the characteristics of detonations in high-vapor-pressure liquid fuels are analogous to those of gaseous detonations, the behavior of detonations in low-vapor-pressure liquid fuels is quite different. The multidimensional structure and the cell sizes of such mixtures have not yet been established. Theoretical, computational, and experimental studies have shown that if the droplets are fine enough (less than about 10 mu m), detonations propagating at about the equivalent gas-phase Chapman-Jouguet detonation velocity can be attained in a variety of fuel-oxygen systems. With larger droplet sizes, a deficit in the propagation velocity compared to the gas-phase velocity is observed. Various explanations for this deficit are presented. The droplet size required for detonations in fuel-air mixtures is smaller than that in fuel-oxygen mixtures. Heating the initial mixture helps both by easing the detonation initiation process and by aiding in the detonation propagation by introducing some prevaporization and reducing the droplet size.-The need for additional research on multiphase detonations to aid in the further development of liquid-fueled detonation engines is also emphasized. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kailasanath, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 64 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1261 EP 1268 DI 10.2514/1.19624 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 111QU UT WOS:000242469900010 ER PT J AU Petrov, D Synelnyk, E Shkuratov, YG Videen, G Scotto, C Hart, M Eversole, J AF Petrov, D Synelnyk, E Shkuratov, YG Videen, G Scotto, C Hart, M Eversole, J TI Photopolarimetric properties of analytic models of some biological particles with irregular shape SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Optics of Biological Particles CY OCT 03-06, 2005 CL Akademgorodok, RUSSIA SP NATO Sci Comm, Econova, Russian Fdn Basic Res, European Res Off USA, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Chem Kinet & Combust, Lab Cytometry & Biokinet ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; AGGLOMERATE PARTICLES AB We provide analytic descriptions of the morphologies of some biological particles: Sporisorium cruentum spores, Aspergillus terreus spores, and erythrocytes. We use the T-matrix extended-boundary-condition method to calculate the scattering properties of these particles. It is found that the morphology of A. terreus spores reveals an unusually wide negative polarization branch with two minima near large scattering angles, and that of S. cruentum spores do not display a negative polarization branch at all. We show that for unrealistically small size parameters, a simple cylinder has many of the same qualitative scattering properties of the much more complicated model of erythrocytes; however, as the particle size is made more realistic, very large differences appear in the scattering from these particle systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 VN Karazin Kharkov Natl Univ, Astron Inst, UA-61022 Kharkov, Ukraine. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Petrov, D (reprint author), VN Karazin Kharkov Natl Univ, Astron Inst, Sumskaya Str 35, UA-61022 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM petrov@astron.kharkov.ua NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 102 IS 1 BP 111 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2006.02.076 PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 058YU UT WOS:000238701300011 ER PT J AU Schneller, RJ AF Schneller, Robert J., Jr. TI The voyage of the CSS Shenandoah: A memorable cruise SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Schneller, RJ (reprint author), USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 72 IS 4 BP 956 EP 957 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 104TB UT WOS:000241981100046 ER PT J AU Leong, KT Booth, JC Claassen, JH AF Leong, Kenneth T. Booth, James C. Claassen, J. H. TI Determination of the superconducting penetration depth from coplanar-waveguide measurements SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on High Temperature Superconductors in High Frequency Fields CY MAY 26-29, 2004 CL Begur, SPAIN DE penetration depth; transmission-line resonator; coplanar-waveguide; microwave measurements ID MICROSTRIP RESONATOR TECHNIQUE; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA THIN-FILMS; IMPEDANCE; LENGTHS AB We introduce a novel transmission-line method for determining the penetration depth in thin high-temperature superconducting (HTS) films. The method is based on the accurate measurement of the inductance per unit length of a superconducting coplanar-waveguide (CPW) transmission line fabricated on the HTS sample. Using the experimentally obtained inductance per unit length, we interpolate the penetration depth from a table of numerically determined values of inductance (per unit length) as a function of penetration depth, calculated from a coupled transmission-line model. A novelty of our procedure is the utilization of the multiline thru-reflect-line (TRL) method and the calibration-comparison method to accurately determine the inductance per unit length of the superconducting transmission line. By measuring different CPW geometries patterned onto the same thin-film sample, we can verify our penetration depth values. We demonstrate this technique by extracting the penetration depth for several different HTS films at 76 K. Estimated uncertainties in the extracted penetration depth are also provided. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leong, KT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. EM booth@boulder.nist.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD NOV PY 2006 VL 19 IS 7-8 BP 637 EP 648 DI 10.1007/s10948-006-0223-2 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 139TO UT WOS:000244455700015 ER PT J AU Brown, CW El Kahoui, M Novotni, D Weber, A AF Brown, Christopher W. El Kahoui, M'hammed Novotni, Dominik Weber, Andreas TI Algorithmic methods for investigating equilibria in epidemic modeling SO JOURNAL OF SYMBOLIC COMPUTATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithmic Algebra and Logic held in Honor of Volker Weispfenning CY APR, 2005 CL Univ Passau, Passau, GERMANY HO Univ Passau DE quantifier elimination; ordinary differential equations thresholds ID QUANTIFIER ELIMINATION; COMPETITION; GRADOSTAT AB The calculation of threshold conditions for models of infectious diseases is of central importance for developing vaccination policies. These models are often coupled systems of ordinary differential equations, in which case the computation of threshold conditions can be reduced to the question of stability of the disease-free equilibrium. This paper shows how computing threshold conditions for such models can be done fully algorithmically using quantifier elimination for real closed fields and related simplification methods for quantifier-free formulas. Using efficient quantifier elimination techniques for special cases that have been developed by Weispfenning and others, we can also compute whether there are ranges of parameters for which sub-threshold endemic equilibria exist. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bonn, Inst Informat 2, D-53117 Bonn, Germany. USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Max Planck Inst Informat, Saarbrucken, Germany. Bonn Aachen Int Ctr Informat Technol, Bonn, Germany. RP Weber, A (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Inst Informat 2, Romerstr 164, D-53117 Bonn, Germany. EM wcbrown@usna.edu; elkahoui@mpi-sb.mpg.de; novotni@cs.uni-bonn.de; weber@cs.uni-bonn.de OI Weber, Andreas/0000-0001-5624-3368 NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0747-7171 J9 J SYMB COMPUT JI J. Symb. Comput. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1157 EP 1173 DI 10.1016/j.jsc.2005.09.011 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 100ZR UT WOS:000241709200002 ER PT J AU Oh, YJ Hwang, IS Joyce, JA AF Oh, Young Jin Hwang, Il Soon Joyce, James A. TI Round robin test on normalization method under static loading condition SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE J-R test; normalization method; unloading compliance method; static loading rate; nuclear piping steel ID R CURVE ANALYSIS AB In 2001, the normalization method was approved as ASTM Method E 1820-01 [1] for use in high loading rate J-R tests. Prior to its approval, High Rate Round Robin was conducted under the coordination of ASTM Subcommittee E08.08.02 for the verification of accuracy and reproducibility of the method. However, the results of the normalization method cannot be verified against those of other well-established methods because no other method is available in the high loading rate condition. In this round robin test, J-R curves were measured under static loading conditions for A106Gr.C nuclear piping steel by the normalization method so that results can be compared with those obtained simultaneously by the unloading compliance method. The deviation of J(lc) by normalization and differences of J(lc) values from those of the unloading compliance method were quantified. The normalization method showed J(lc) deviation up to 60% when tested with initial a/W=0.5. In order to seek ways to reduce the deviation, both offset method and tangent method were tried for normalization analysis, but with limited improvement. These partially modified normalization methods of the offset method and tangent method decreases the deviation of J(lc), but increases the difference from those of the unloading compliance method. More fundamental approaches are warranted for adequate improvement. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Oh, YJ (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 34 IS 6 BP 537 EP 561 PG 25 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 115TL UT WOS:000242756600012 ER PT J AU Dacol, DK Roy, DG AF Dacol, Dalcio K. Roy, Dilip G. TI The partial-wave expansion for scattering in waveguides SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; STRATIFIED MEDIUM; OBJECT; BODY AB The scattering of acoustic waves by objects located inside a waveguide is discussed, assuming that the scattering amplitude for the object in an extended uniform medium is known. The scattering process is described by using an expansion of the scattering amplitude in terms of spherical harmonics. An appropriate multipole decomposition of the waveguide Green's function is developed and the effective scattering amplitude in the waveguide is obtained. An important property of the effective scattering amplitude, the generalized optical theorem, is obtained and its implications for scattering in a waveguide are discussed. The scattering problem is formulated entirely and explicitly in terms of the waveguide Green's functions, which makes this approach very flexible in regard to the choice of the incident field. It also establishes the connection between propagation and scattering and allows for the independent computation of the propagation and scattering aspects of the problem. This is the main advantage of using the scattering amplitude in an extended uniform medium as an input. The connection of this work with previous work in scattering in waveguides is discussed. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, Med Imaging Res Lab, Salt Lake City, UT 84109 USA. RP Dacol, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 120 IS 5 BP 2518 EP 2525 DI 10.1121/1.2345077 PN 1 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 104CO UT WOS:000241933800010 ER PT J AU Finette, S AF Finette, Steven TI A stochastic representation of environmental uncertainty and its coupling to acoustic wave propagation in ocean waveguides SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NORMAL MODE AMPLITUDES; POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; STRATIFIED OCEAN; INTERNAL WAVES; FLOW; STATISTICS; EQUATIONS AB It is argued that a quantitative measure of incomplete environmental knowledge or information (i.e., environmental uncertainty) should be included in any simulation-based predictions linked to acoustic wave propagation. A method is then proposed to incorporate environmental uncertainty directly into the computation of acoustic wave propagation in ocean waveguides. In this regard, polynomial chaos expansions are chosen to represent uncertainty in both the environment and acoustic field. The sound-speed distribution and acoustic field are therefore generalized to stochastic processes, where uncertainty in the field is interpreted in terms of its statistical moments. Starting from the narrow angle parabolic approximation, a set of coupled differential equations is derived in which the coupling term links incomplete environmental information to the corresponding uncertainty in the acoustic field. Propagation of both the field and its uncertainty in an isospeed waveguide is considered as an example, where the sound speed is described by a random variable. The first two moments of the field are computed explicitly and compared to those obtained from independent Monte Carlo solution of the conventional (deterministic) parabolic equation that describes the acoustic wave properties. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Finette, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 42 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 120 IS 5 BP 2567 EP 2579 DI 10.1121/1.2335425 PN 1 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 104CO UT WOS:000241933800015 ER PT J AU Yang, TC AF Yang, T. C. TI Measurements of temporal coherence of sound transmissions through shallow water SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MARGINAL ICE-ZONE; INTERNAL WAVES; SCATTERING EXPERIMENT; FLUCTUATIONS; OCEAN; PROPAGATION; SIGNALS; TIME; DEEP AB In this paper we report the measurements of temporal coherence of acoustic signals propagating through shallow water using data from three experiments in three different parts of the world, with sound speed standard deviation (STD) varying from 0.3 to 5 m/s near the layer depth. Temporal coherence is estimated from the autocorrelations of broadband channel impulse functions, the latter are deduced from broadband signals transmitted through the ocean during the experiments. The measurements covered three frequency bands: low frequencies below 1.2 kHz, midfrequencies between 2 and 5 kHz, and high frequencies between 18 and 22 kHz. The source-receiver range covers 3, 5, 10, and 42 kin. The signal coherence-time is defined and deduced from the data. Motivated by previous theoretical work in deep water on the signal coherence-time as a function of the signal frequency, the source-receiver range, and sound speed STD, a similar but empirical analysis is applied to the measured data in shallow water. While the range dependence agrees with the theory, the data exhibit a different dependence on the signal frequency than the theoretical prediction for deep water. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yang@wave.nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 38 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 120 IS 5 BP 2595 EP 2614 DI 10.1121/1.2345910 PN 1 PG 20 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 104CO UT WOS:000241933800017 ER PT J AU Yang, WB Yang, TC AF Yang, Wen-Bin Yang, T. C. TI High-frequency channel characterization for M-ary frequencyshift-keying underwater acoustic communications SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Many.(> 100) packets of pseudo-random signals transmitted during the TREX04 experiments are analyzed in this paper to deduce the narrowband signal envelope amplitude statistics over a wide band (15-19 kHz) of frequencies. The envelope amplitude statistics are found to be non-Rayleigh-type with a long-tail distribution at high amplitudes. Long-term and short-term fading statistics are deduced from the data, exhibiting near lognormal and Rayleigh distributions, respectively. The combined distribution is closely approximated by a K-distribution, which fits the measured amplitude distributions well over a wide band of frequencies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, WB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wyang@wave.nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 120 IS 5 BP 2615 EP 2626 DI 10.1121/1.2346133 PN 1 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 104CO UT WOS:000241933800018 ER PT J AU Yang, WB Yang, TC AF Yang, Wen-Bin Yang, T. C. TI M-ary frequency shift keying communications over an underwater acoustic channel: Performance comparison of data with models SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID REVERBERATION AB The bit error rate (BER) is modeled for M-ary frequency-shift-keying (MFSK) signals in a fading channel using different envelope amplitude statistics and compared with frequency-hopping (FH) FSK signaling data collected during the TREX04 experiment, which used Binary FSK (BFSK) for each symbol. The BER data is found to,be significantly higher than that of a Rayleigh fading channel and is found to agree with that modeled with a K-distribution amplitude fading distribution. Using the parameters of the K-distribution, independently measured from the M-sequence data collected in the same experiment, the modeled BER as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) agrees well with the measured BER within the SNR of the data. This suggests that the BER of FH-FSK signaling can be predicted given some prior channel characterization measurements. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, WB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 120 IS 5 BP 2694 EP 2701 DI 10.1121/1.2354463 PN 1 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 104CO UT WOS:000241933800026 ER PT J AU Rice, J Philbin, N Handrigan, M Hall, C McGwin, G Ahlers, S Pearce, LB Arnaud, F McCarron, R Freilich, D AF Rice, Jennifer Philbin, Nora Handrigan, Michael Hall, Carrie McGwin, Gerald Ahlers, Stephen Pearce, L. B. Arnaud, Francoise McCarron, Richard Freilich, Daniel TI Vasoactivity of bovine polymerized hemoglobin (HBOC-201) in swine with traumatic hemorrhagic shock with and without brain injury SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE hemoglobin based oxygen carrier; HBOC-201; hemorrhagic shock; resuscitation; blood pressure; vasoactivity; hypoperfusion ID CROSS-LINKED HEMOGLOBIN; DELAYED EVACUATION; BLOOD SUBSTITUTE; OXYGEN CARRIER; LIVER-INJURY; VOLUME RESUSCITATION; HETASTARCH HEX; MODEL; TRANSFUSION; MULTICENTER AB Background: We previously reported that bovine polymerized hemoglobin (HBOC- 201) improved outcome in swine with hemorrhagic shock (HS) with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI). Herein, we add analyses of blood pressure (BP) responses, associated physiologic data, and HS fluid infusion guidelines. Methods: HBOC-201 versus standard fluid resuscitation was compared in four anesthetized invasively monitored swine models: moderate controlled HS, severe controlled HS, severe uncontrolled HS (liver injury), and severe uncontrolled HS/TBI (liver/parietal brain injuries). Pigs received fluid for hypotension and tachycardia, and were followed up to 6 (HS alone) or 72 hours (HS/TBI). The change in mean arterial pressure (Delta MAP) response severity was stratified and analyzed based on infusion number and HS severity, using Student's t and Fisher's exact tests. Results: HBOC-201 vasoactivity resulted in higher MAP in all studies. Among HBOC-201 pigs, Delta MAP responses were significant for the first two infusions and inversely related to HS severity. Among controls, ANUP responses remained significant through the fourth infusion in controlled HS models, and through the first in severe uncontrolled HS/TBI; none were significant in severe uncontrolled HS. Delta MAP was higher with HBOC-201 through the first infusion in moderate controlled HS, the fifth in severe uncontrolled HS, and the second in severe uncontrolled HS/TBI; there were no group differences in severe controlled HS. No severe MAP responses occurred. Higher Delta MAP severity did not impact outcome. Hypotension satisfied fluid reinfusion criteria less consistently than tachycardia. Overall, HBOC-201 improved physiologic parameters and survival without causing hypoperfusion; in severe HS, perfusion improved. Conclusions: In swine with HS :t TBI, HBOC-201 had mild to moderate vasoactivity, resulting in significant ANUP responses mainly after initial infusions, no severe/adverse responses, and improved outcome. Our data suggest that use of physiologic parameters (e.g., tachycardia), in addition to hypotension to guide fluid reinfusion during HS resuscitation with HBOC-201, will minimize hypoperfusion risk and maximize potential benefit. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Combat Casualty Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Surg, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Biopure Corp, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Freilich, D (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Combat Casualty Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM freilichd@nmrc.navy.mil NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD NOV PY 2006 VL 61 IS 5 BP 1085 EP 1099 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000236640.62893.fa PG 15 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 105TB UT WOS:000242054100010 PM 17099513 ER PT J AU Lesperance, JO AF Lesperance, James O. TI Is pre-shock wave lithotripsy stenting necessary for ureteral stones with moderate or severe hydronephrosis? Editorial comment SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Lesperance, JO (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 176 IS 5 BP 2062 EP 2062 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2006.07.225 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 094XR UT WOS:000241273100052 ER PT J AU Lange, MD Tsai, RS Deal, WR Nam, PS Lee, LJ Sandhu, RS Hsing, R Poust, BD Kraus, JL Gutierrez-Aitken, AL Bennett, BR Boos, JB Noori, AM Hayashi, SL Goorsky, MS AF Lange, M. D. Tsai, R. S. Deal, W. R. Nam, P. S. Lee, L. J. Sandhu, R. S. Hsing, R. Poust, B. D. Kraus, J. L. Gutierrez-Aitken, A. L. Bennett, B. R. Boos, J. B. Noori, A. M. Hayashi, S. L. Goorsky, M. S. TI InAs/AlSb high-electron-mobility transistors by molecular-beam epitaxy for low-power applications SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELLS; AMPLIFIER AB InAs/AlSb high-electron-mobility transistor technology has transitioned from research to development stages in recent years. Development efforts at Northrop Grumman Space Technology, in collaboration with the Naval Research Laboratory and the University of California, Los Angeles, have focused on X-band and W-band low-noise amplifier monolithic millimeter-wave integrated circuits fabricated for applications requiring ultralow-power dissipation. The materials for the circuits discussed in this article were grown at Northrop Grumman Space Technology on 3-in.-diameter semi-insulating GaAs substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy. Atomic-force microscopy of the as-grown surface on each wafer showed that the rms roughness for all of the wafers ranged between 0.5 and 3.5 nm, and this range of roughness was fully compatible with the fabrication process. The high electron mobility that InAs can provide was achieved reproducibly in these materials. It was maintained almost always above 25 000 cm(2) V-1 s(-1), and in several cases even exceeded 30 000 cm 2 V-1 s-1. The associated electron sheet concentration ranged between 1.2 X 10(12) and 1.8 X 10(12) cm(-2). These combined mobilities and sheet concentrations gave corresponding sheet resistances in the range of 170 +/- 40 Omega/sq, with nonuniformity below 6% over these 3-in.-diameter wafers. These materials characteristics enabled successful fabrication of several recently published X-band and W-band low-noise amplifier circuits, and figures of merit for the circuits that were made specifically from these materials are referenced in this article. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Lange, MD (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Space Technol, 1 Space Pk, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. EM mike.lange@ngc.com RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 24 IS 6 SI SI BP 2581 EP 2585 DI 10.1116/1.2362758 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 123VO UT WOS:000243324400015 ER PT J AU Park, D Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Green, N Kanakaraju, S Calhoun, LC AF Park, D. Stievater, T. H. Rabinovich, W. S. Green, N. Kanakaraju, S. Calhoun, L. C. TI Characterization of hydrogen silsesquioxane as a Cl-2/BCl3 inductively coupled plasma etch mask for air-clad InP-based quantum well waveguide fabrication SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 2006 CL Baltimore, MD SP AVS, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Opt Soc Amer ID MEMS AB Air-clad InGaAsP/InGaAs quantum well waveguides have been fabricated by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching using hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) as an etch mask. First, HSQ has been studied for its contrast and resolution in electron beam lithography by varying e-beam exposure conditions and developer concentrations. Second, its etch resistance has been investigated in a chlorine-based ICP along with UVN30, a commercially Available negative tone e-beam resist. Then, the optimum conditions for the exposure and development of HSQ for a chlorine-based ICP etching of InP-based material have been explored in terms of etch resistance. InGaAsP/InGaAs quantum well material was patterned with HSQ by electron beam lithography. The waveguide was formed by the Cl-2/BCl3 ICP etching-of InGaAsP/InGaAs quantum well material and subsequent HCl-based wet etching of InAlAs sacrificial layer. The optical properties of the released waveguides were investigated and the initial optical measurements show low waveguide loss. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Park, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM doewon.park@nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 24 IS 6 SI SI BP 3152 EP 3156 DI 10.1116/1.2395952 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 123VO UT WOS:000243324400124 ER PT J AU Wells, TS Wang, LZ Spooner, CN Smith, TC Hiliopoulos, KM Kamens, DR Gray, GC Sato, PA AF Wells, Timothy S. Wang, Linda Z. Spooner, Christina N. Smith, Tyler C. Hiliopoulos, Katia M. Kamens, Deborah R. Gray, Gregory C. Sato, Paul A. TI Self-reported reproductive outcomes among male and female 1991 Gulf War era US military veterans SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Gulf War; reproductive outcomes; birth weight; military ID POSTWAR HOSPITALIZATION EXPERIENCE; POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; BIRTH-DEFECTS; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; UK VETERANS; VIETNAM VETERANS; HEALTH-STATUS; RISK-FACTORS; PREVALENCE; ILLNESS AB Background: Following the 1991 Gulf War, some veterans expressed concerns regarding their reproductive health. Our objective was to assess whether an association exists between deployment to the 1991 Gulf War and self-reported adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods: Using a modified Dillman technique with telephone follow-up, we conducted a survey via a postal questionnaire from February 1996-August 1997 to compare selected reproductive outcomes among 10,000 US veterans deployed to the 1991 Gulf War with those of 10,000 nondeployed Gulf War era veterans. Results: A total of 8742 individuals responded to the survey, a response rate of 51 percent. Using multivariable analyses, results showed no differences in number of reported pregnancies between Gulf War veterans and nondeployed veterans. Among 2233 female and 2159 male participants, there were no differences in birth weight of infants born to Gulf War veterans compared with nondeployed Gulf War era veterans. In multivariable models, male and female Gulf War veterans did not significantly differ in risk for ectopic pregnancies, stillbirths, or miscarriages when compared with nondeployed veterans of the same era. Conclusions: These results do not suggest an association between service in the 1991 Gulf War and adverse reproductive outcomes for both male and female veterans during the 4 years after the war. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. PRA Int Inc, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Wells, TS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Bldg 824,Rm 206,2800 Q St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Timothy.Wells@wpafb.af.mil NR 64 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 10 IS 6 BP 501 EP 510 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0122-y PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 120UU UT WOS:000243112500005 PM 16832610 ER PT J AU Pique, A Mathews, SA Pratap, B Auyeung, RCY Karns, BJ Lakeou, S AF Pique, A. Mathews, S. A. Pratap, B. Auyeung, R. C. Y. Karns, B. J. Lakeou, S. TI Embedding electronic circuits by laser direct-write SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE laser direct-write; embedded electronics; embedded bare-die; laser printed interconnects; conducting pastes AB Significant reduction in weight and volume for a given circuit design can be obtained by embedding the required passive devices, semiconductor IC's and interconnects into the circuit board. In addition, embedded structures allow for improved electrical performance and enhanced function integration within traditional circuit board substrates and non-traditional surfaces. Laser-based direct-write (LDW) techniques can be used for developing such embedded structures at a fraction of the cost and in less time than it would take to develop system-on-chip alternatives. In this work, subtractive LDW in the form of laser micromachining is used to machine vias and trenches on polymer resin circuit board substrates, while additive LDW in the form of laser forward transfer, or laser printing, is used to deposit patterns of electrically conductive materials. The combination of these laser direct-write techniques resulted in the fabrication of a fully operational planar embedded electronic circuit. This embedded prototype occupies only a fraction of the volume required by the equivalent circuit fabricated on top of a printed circuit board using traditional manufacturing processes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Univ Dist Columbia, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Code 6364, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pique@nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 83 IS 11-12 BP 2527 EP 2533 DI 10.1016/j.mee.2006.06.004 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 123SK UT WOS:000243315700093 ER PT J AU Jones, FR Ortiz, M Soriano, I Utz, G Saldarriaga, E Cumpa, R Collantes, V Leandro, Y Bernal, MM Ucanan, LE Colina, O Lescano, A Batsel, T AF Jones, Franca R. Ortiz, Mario Soriano, Imelda Utz, Gregory Saldarriaga, Emilia Cumpa, Raquel Collantes, Violeta Leandro, Yuliana Bernal, Manuela Maria Ucanan, Luis Enrique Colina, Olga Lescano, Andres Batsel, Tanis TI Outbreak of gastroenteritis at a Peruvian naval base SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STATES-MILITARY PERSONNEL; ACUTE DIARRHEA; CAMPYLOBACTER ENTERITIS; WATERBORNE OUTBREAK; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; NORWALK VIRUS; DISEASE; EGYPT AB In April of 2003, an outbreak of gastroenteritis was reported in a training command (Centro de Instruccion Tecnica y Entrenamiento Naval (CITEN)) at a Peruvian naval base located near Lima, Peru. The Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, in collaboration with the National Peruvian Naval Hospital, conducted an investigation to determine the causative agent and potential source of the outbreak. Between April 3 and 5, 172 (16%) of 1,092 military trainees reported to the CITEN clinic with diarrhea. Of 74 trainees for whom bacterial cultures were performed, Shigella spp. were isolated from 5 (6.8%), Campylobacter spp. from 5 (6.8%), and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli from 2 (2.7%). Pathogenic parasites were identified in 22 of 64 (34%) trainees for whom microscopic observation for ova and parasites was performed. Stool samples from asymptomatic controls could not be collected, thus we were unable to confirm that the enteropathogens isolated were the etiologic agent(s). Several food items and the hands of food handlers were contaminated with coliform bacteria and drinking water was not adequately chlorinated. Preventative measures have since reduced the number of diarrhea cases at the CITEN. C1 Ctr Med Naval, Callao 2, Peru. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Bacterial & Parasit Dis & Global Emerging Infect, Amer Embassy,NMRCD Unit 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA. RP Jones, FR (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Lescano, Andres/B-8479-2008 OI Lescano, Andres/0000-0001-9779-633X NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 171 IS 11 BP 1095 EP 1099 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 105HJ UT WOS:000242020700014 PM 17153548 ER PT J AU Rychnovsky, J Beck, CT AF Rychnovsky, Jacqueline Beck, Cheryl Tatano TI Screening for postpartum depression in military women with the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID METAANALYSIS AB Each year, similar to 16,000 women on active duty in the U.S. military experience the birth of a child. A descriptive, longitudinal, prospective design was used to gather data with the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale. Depression was measured after delivery but before hospital discharge (time 1), 2 weeks after delivery (time 2), and 6 to 8 weeks after delivery (time 3) Mothers were found to be experiencing the greatest severity of symptoms in the category of sleeping and eating disturbances. Almost one-half of the mothers in this study scored either significant postpartum depressive symptoms or positive screening for postpartum depression after delivery. This number remained virtually unchanged at time 2. By time 3, 40% of women still reported depressive symptoms. At 2 weeks and 6 weeks after delivery, 13% and 11% of mothers, respectively, had positive screening for postpartum depression, consistent with the national average of 10 to 15%. Future research is needed to examine issues surrounding postpartum depression of military women. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Nursing Res & Anal, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Connecticut, Sch Nursing, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Rychnovsky, J (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Nursing Res & Anal, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 171 IS 11 BP 1100 EP 1104 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 105HJ UT WOS:000242020700015 PM 17153549 ER PT J AU Medintz, I AF Medintz, Igor TI Universal tools for biomolecular attachment to surfaces SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Letter ID PROTEINS C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medintz, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Imedintz@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Delehanty, James/F-7454-2012 NR 6 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 5 IS 11 BP 842 EP 842 DI 10.1038/nmat1776 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 101HN UT WOS:000241732000004 PM 17077841 ER PT J AU Long, DP Lazorcik, JL Mantooth, BA Moore, MH Ratner, MA Troisi, A Yao, Y Ciszek, JW Tour, JM Shashidhar, R AF Long, David P. Lazorcik, Jason L. Mantooth, Brent A. Moore, Martin H. Ratner, Mark A. Troisi, Alessandro Yao, Yuxing Ciszek, Jacob W. Tour, James M. Shashidhar, Ranganathan TI Effects of hydration on molecular junction transport SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ELECTRON-TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; AB-INITIO; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; CONDUCTANCE; DEVICES; GOLD; COMPLEXES; SPECTRA AB The study of charge transport through increasingly complex small molecules will benefit from a detailed understanding of how contaminants from the environment affect molecular conduction. This should provide a clearer picture of the electronic characteristics of molecules by eliminating interference from adsorbed species. Here we use magnetically assembled microsphere junctions incorporating thiol monolayers to provide insight into changing electron transport characteristics resulting from exposure to air. Using this technique, current-voltage analysis and inelastic electron tunnelling spectroscopy (IETS) demonstrate that the primary interaction affecting molecular conduction is rapid hydration at the gold-sulphur contacts. We use IETS to present evidence for changing mechanisms of charge transport as a result of this interaction. The detrimental effects on molecular conduction discussed here are important for understanding electron transport through gold-thiol molecular junctions once exposed to atmospheric conditions. C1 SAIC, Ctr Res & Dev, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Nanofabricat & Mol Self Assembly, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Warwick, Dept Chem, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Warwick, Ctr Comp Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rice Univ, Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Long, DP (reprint author), SAIC, Ctr Res & Dev, 9460 Innovat Dr, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. EM longdp@saic.com RI Mantooth, Brent/K-5559-2012; Troisi, Alessandro /E-7318-2014; OI Mantooth, Brent/0000-0001-6838-1741; Tour, James/0000-0002-8479-9328 NR 45 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 3 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 5 IS 11 BP 901 EP 908 DI 10.1038/nmat1754 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 101HN UT WOS:000241732000025 PM 17041584 ER PT J AU Rowland-Fitzgerald, C Kurfess, JD Phlips, BF Wulf, EA Novikova, EI AF Rowland-Fitzgerald, C. Kurfess, J. D. Phlips, B. F. Wulf, E. A. Novikova, E. I. TI Gamma-ray imaging with thick position-sensitive silicon detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on New Developments in Photodetection CY JUN 19-24, 2005 CL Beaune, FRANCE SP DSM CEA, IN2P3 CNRS, Univ Savoie DE gamma-ray astronomy detectors; gamma-ray detectors; silicon radiation detectors ID TELESCOPE; ASTRONOMY AB The construction of a prototype Compton imager at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is nearly complete. The instrument is an 8-layer stacked silicon detector and is based on the "3-Compton" energy reconstruction technique. The silicon detectors are 2 mm thick, double-sided, orthogonal strip detectors. Instrumentation and performance of the individual detectors and layers are presented along with simulations of the completed instrument. Implications of the instrument. for real world applications and future work involving the final assembly are discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Loyola Coll, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20032 USA. RP Rowland-Fitzgerald, C (reprint author), Loyola Coll, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. EM carrie_fitzgerald@loyola.edu RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 567 IS 1 BP 323 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.05.115 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 099ZJ UT WOS:000241636300075 ER PT J AU Washburn, A AF Washburn, Alan TI Piled-slab searches SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB This paper deals with the conflict between simplicity and optimality in searching for a stationary target whose location is distributed in two dimensions, thus continuing an analysis that was begun in World War II. The search is assumed to be of the "piled-slab" type, where each slab consists of a uniform search of some simple region. The measure of simplicity is the number of regions (smaller is simpler). If each of a fixed number of elliptical regions is searched randomly, we find the optimal region size and the optimal division of effort between regions. Rectangular regions are also considered, as are problems where the regional searches are according to the inverse-cube law, instead of random search. There is a strong tendency for optimal inverse-cube law searches to consist of a single slab. We also consider problems where the amount of effort for each region is optimized myopically, with no consideration for the search of future regions. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93942 USA. RP Washburn, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93942 USA. EM awashburn@nps.edu NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1193 EP 1200 DI 10.1287/opre.1060.0332 PG 8 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 122QD UT WOS:000243240600014 ER PT J AU Greilich, A Oulton, R Zhukov, EA Yugova, IA Yakovlev, DR Bayer, M Shabaev, A Efros, AL Stavarache, V Reuter, D Wieck, A AF Greilich, A. Oulton, R. Zhukov, E. A. Yugova, I. A. Yakovlev, D. R. Bayer, M. Shabaev, A. Efros, Al. L. Stavarache, V. Reuter, D. Wieck, A. TI Optical control of electron spin dynamics in self-assembled (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Spin coherence has been studied in self-assembled (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots which contain on average a single electron per dot due to n-type modulation doping. A magnetic field was applied in the Voigt geometry, in order to study the precession of the electron spins which are oriented normal to the field. Here we address the mechanism by which such a normal orientation can be achieved by resonant excitation with circularly polarized laser pulses. Further, we discuss, how long this coherence is maintained within an ensemble of quantum dots. (c) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Angew Festkorperphys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Bayer, M (reprint author), Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. EM manfred.bayer@e2.physik.uni-dortmund.de RI Greilich, Alex/A-8927-2009; Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Yugova, Irina/F-6823-2011; OI Yugova, Irina/0000-0003-0020-3679; Wieck, Andreas Dirk/0000-0001-9776-2922 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 243 IS 14 BP 3719 EP 3724 DI 10.1002/pssb.200642371 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 112OQ UT WOS:000242536200019 ER PT J AU Bernstein, N Feldman, JL Fornari, M AF Bernstein, N. Feldman, J. L. Fornari, M. TI Structural model of amorphous silicon annealed with tight binding SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; ELECTRONIC POPULATION ANALYSIS; RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; INTEGRAL MONTE-CARLO; TOTAL-ENERGY METHOD; A-SI-H; FLOATING BONDS; WAVE FUNCTIONS; NOBLE-METALS; DEFECTS AB We present a model of amorphous silicon generated by extensive annealing of a continuous random network structure using a molecular dynamics simulation with forces computed by a tight-binding total energy method. We also produce a refined model by relaxing the annealed model using density functional theory. Our annealed structure is primarily a fourfold coordinated continuous random network, with a few coordination defects. The first peak of the pair correlation function of the annealed structure is sharper and more symmetric than the unannealed structure, a result confirmed in the density-function-theory relaxed structure and in good agreement with static disorder results from recent x-ray diffraction analysis by Laaziri The density, bond angle distribution function, elastic constants, and vibrational density of states of the initial and annealed structures are similar. The energy of the annealed structure is lower for both tight-binding and density-functional theory, indicating that the structure with coordination defects is energetically favored. The electronic structure of the annealed structure, computed with both charge-self-consistent tight-binding and density-functional theory, has a wide gap with several occupied gap states. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. RP Bernstein, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Fornari, Marco/C-8848-2012 OI Fornari, Marco/0000-0001-6527-8511 NR 67 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 20 AR 205202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.205202 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 110VM UT WOS:000242409400037 ER PT J AU Economou, SE Sham, LJ Wu, YW Steel, DG AF Economou, Sophia E. Sham, L. J. Wu, Yanwen Steel, D. G. TI Proposal for optical U(1) rotations of electron spin trapped in a quantum dot SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STATE AB We present a proposal to optically implement rotations of the electron spin in a quantum dot about the growth direction (z axis). In particular, we make use of the analytic properties of sech pulses in two-level systems to realize spin rotations about the growth direction by an arbitrary angle, for which we give an analytical expression. We propose to use this scheme to experimentally demonstrate this spin rotation. Using realistic system and pulse parameters we find the fidelity of the rotation to be more than 96% for pulses in the picosecond regime, and robust against small errors in pulse parameters. We design a feedback (adaptive) loop to correct for errors originating from unintended dynamics. The rotation is still evident-albeit with a large fidelity loss-in the ensemble case, providing the possibility of demonstration of this optical spin rotation in an ensemble of quantum dots. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Michigan, HM Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Economou, SE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Sham, Lu/0000-0001-5718-2077 NR 23 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 20 AR 205415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.205415 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 110VM UT WOS:000242409400095 ER PT J AU Finkenstadt, D Bernstein, N Feldman, JL Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Finkenstadt, Daniel Bernstein, N. Feldman, J. L. Mehl, M. J. Papaconstantopoulos, D. A. TI Vibrational modes and diffusion of self-interstitial atoms in body-centered-cubic transition metals: A tight-binding molecular-dynamics study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY METHOD; LATTICE DYNAMICS; ATOMISTIC SIMULATION; SCREW DISLOCATIONS; NOBLE-METALS; IRON; MOLYBDENUM; MIGRATION; DEFECTS; NIOBIUM AB Using a tight-binding molecular-dynamics method, we have calculated the formation energies, diffusivity, and localized vibrational frequencies of self-interstitial atoms (SIA's) in body-centered-cubic (bcc) transition metals: vanadium, niobium, molybdenum, and tantalum. As a test of our methods, we compare to experiment for the perfect bcc phonon spectra and we compare to previous ab initio SIA formation energies. In addition, we present vibrational spectra calculated from molecular dynamics via the velocity autocorrelation method. For all of the systems studied, we find that the localized vibration frequency of a SIA dumbbell pair is roughly twice the frequency of the bcc phonon-density-of-states peak. We also find an Arrhenius temperature dependence for SIA hopping, with frequency prefactors ranging between the cutoff of the ideal bcc lattice and the highest frequencies of the SIA dumbbell. In all cases, we find that the energy barrier to SIA diffusion is approximately 0.1 eV. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Finkenstadt, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daniel.kris@gmail.com RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 59 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 18 AR 184118 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.184118 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 110VJ UT WOS:000242409100029 ER PT J AU Johannes, MD Richter, J Drechsler, SL Rosner, H AF Johannes, M. D. Richter, J. Drechsler, S. -L. Rosner, H. TI Sr2Cu(PO4)(2): A real material realization of the one-dimensional nearest neighbor Heisenberg chain SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-SUSCEPTIBILITY; ANTIFERROMAGNETIC CHAIN; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; NEEL TEMPERATURE; SR2CUO3; THERMODYNAMICS; FERROMAGNETISM; CA2CUO3; LI2CUO2; MOMENT AB We present evidence that crystalline Sr2Cu(PO4)(2) is a nearly perfect one-dimensional spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model (AHM) chain compound with nearest neighbor only exchange. We undertake a broad theoretical study of the magnetic properties of this compound using first principles (LDA, LDA+U calculations), exact diagonalization, and Bethe-ansatz methodologies to decompose the individual magnetic contributions, quantify their effect, and fit to experimental data. We calculate that the conditions of one-dimensionality and short-ranged magnetic interactions are sufficiently fulfilled that Bethe's analytical solution should be applicable, opening up the possibility to explore effects beyond the infinite chain limit of the AHM Hamiltonian. We begin such an exploration by examining some extrinsic effects such as impurities and defects. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Magdeburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany. IFW Dresden, Leibniz Inst Solid State & Mat Res, Dresden, Germany. Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, Dresden, Germany. RP Johannes, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Richter, Johannes/A-6339-2009 NR 26 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 17 AR 174435 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.174435 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 110VI UT WOS:000242409000106 ER PT J AU Merz, M Roth, G Reutler, P Buchner, B Arena, D Dvorak, J Idzerda, YU Tokumitsu, S Schuppler, S AF Merz, M. Roth, G. Reutler, P. Buechner, B. Arena, D. Dvorak, J. Idzerda, Y. U. Tokumitsu, S. Schuppler, S. TI Orbital degree of freedom in single-layered La1-xSr1+xMnO4: Doping- and temperature-dependent rearrangement of orbital states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; LA0.5SR1.5MNO4; CHARGE; MANGANITES; OXIDES; CRYSTALS; LAMNO3; OXYGEN AB Oxygen 1s near-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction investigations on La1-xSr1+xMnO4 (0 <= x <= 0.5) single crystals evidence a doping- and temperature-dependent redistribution of e(g) electrons between d(3z)(2)-r(2), d(x)(2)-y(2), and d(3x)(2)-r(2)/d(3y)(2)-r(2) orbitals: For undoped LaSrMnO4 the e(g) electrons predominantly reside on d(3z)(2)-r(2) orbitals, nevertheless a small amount of charge carriers is found on in-plane d(x)(2)-y(2) orbitals. These in-plane electrons are gradually transferred to the d(3z)(2)-r(2) states upon cooling. Sr doping, however, does not only provide holes to the system but also induces a continuous transfer of electrons from d(3z)(2)-r(2) to d(3x)(2)-r(2)/d(3y)(2)-r(2) orbitals and, finally long-range charge-exchange-type orbital ordering develops for La0.5Sr1.5MnO4 below T <= 225 K. The data indicate a short-range orbital ordering for the intermediate doping range. C1 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Kristallog, D-52066 Aachen, Germany. IFW Dresden, Leibniz Inst Solid State & Mat Res, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Festkorperphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Merz, M (reprint author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Kristallog, Jagerstr 17-19, D-52066 Aachen, Germany. RI Buchner, Bernd/E-2437-2016 OI Buchner, Bernd/0000-0002-3886-2680 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 18 AR 184414 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.184414 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 110VJ UT WOS:000242409100060 ER PT J AU Sauer, KL Klug, CA AF Sauer, K. L. Klug, C. A. TI Spin dynamics in the pulsed spin locking of nuclear quadrupole resonance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUASI-STATIONARY; N-14 NQR; MULTIPULSE SEQUENCES; COMPOSITE PULSES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; CHLOROANILINE; ECHOES; STATES AB We theoretically examine the perturbative effects of a series of radio-frequency (rf) pulses, electric field gradient inhomogeneity, and dipole-dipole coupling on the spin dynamics of spin-1 nuclei dominated by the quadrupole interaction. The dipole-dipole coupling is between neighboring spin-1 nuclei with identical nuclear quadrupole resonance frequencies, but the principal axes frames of the electric field gradient at each nucleus are not aligned. Such a comprehensive treatment is necessary to determine the optimal sequence of rf pulses which maximizes the echoes in the detection of the substance of interest, for example, an explosive or other contraband material. We confirm our theoretical model using the nitrogen in powder samples of p-chloroaniline and sodium nitrite. C1 George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sauer, KL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ksauer@physics.gmu.edu NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 17 AR 174410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.174410 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 110VI UT WOS:000242409000081 ER PT J AU Schnell, I Mazin, II Liu, AY AF Schnell, I. Mazin, I. I. Liu, Amy Y. TI Unconventional superconducting pairing symmetry induced by phonons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SR2RUO4; TRANSITION; SR2IRO4; TRIPLET; PHASES; STATE; FERROMAGNETISM; TEMPERATURE; SR2RHO4; UBE13 AB The possibility of non-s-wave superconductivity induced by phonons is investigated using a simple model that is inspired by Sr2RuO4. The model assumes a two-dimensional electronic structure, a two-dimensional spin-fluctuation spectrum, and three-dimensional electron-phonon coupling. Taken separately, each interaction favors formation of spin-singlet pairs (of s symmetry for the phonon interaction and d(x)(2)-y(2) symmetry for the spin interaction), but in combination, a variety of more unusual singlet and triplet states are found, depending on the interaction parameters. These results suggest that phonons could play a key role in establishing the order-parameter symmetry in Sr2RuO4, and possibly in other unconventional superconductors. C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schnell, I (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Liu, Amy/E-2266-2015 OI Liu, Amy/0000-0002-2011-1854 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 18 AR 184503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.184503 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 110VJ UT WOS:000242409100084 ER PT J AU Hartley, DJ Mohr, WH Vanhoy, JR Riley, MA Aguilar, A Teal, C Janssens, RVF Carpenter, MP Hecht, AA Lauritsen, T Moore, EF Zhu, S Kondev, FG Djongolov, MK Danchev, M Riedinger, LL Hagemann, GB Sletten, G Chowdhury, P Tandel, SK Ma, WC Odegard, SW AF Hartley, D. J. Mohr, W. H. Vanhoy, J. R. Riley, M. A. Aguilar, A. Teal, C. Janssens, R. V. F. Carpenter, M. P. Hecht, A. A. Lauritsen, T. Moore, E. F. Zhu, S. Kondev, F. G. Djongolov, M. K. Danchev, M. Riedinger, L. L. Hagemann, G. B. Sletten, G. Chowdhury, P. Tandel, S. K. Ma, W. C. Odegard, S. W. TI Multiple band structures in Ta-169 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH NUCLEI; LYING ISOMERIC STATES; HIGH-SPIN; COINCIDENCE DATA; WOBBLING MODE; EXCITATIONS; ISOTOPES; LU-167; PHONON AB Rotational structures in the Ta-169 nucleus were studied via the Sn-124(V-51, 6n) reaction. These data were obtained as a side channel of an experiment focusing on Ta-171, but the sensitivity provided by the Gammasphere spectrometer proved sufficient for a significant extension of the level scheme of this rare-earth nucleus. Over 170 new transitions and four new band structures were placed in Ta-169, including the intruder pi i(13/2) structure. Linking transitions between all of the sequences were identified, and the relative excitation energies between the different configurations were determined for the first time. The rotational sequences were interpreted within the framework of the cranked shell model. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Nucl Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Hartley, DJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 AR 054314 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.74.054314 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 110VN UT WOS:000242409500023 ER PT J AU Hayashi, N Kocot, A Linehan, MJ Fukuda, A Vij, JK Heppke, G Naciri, J Kawada, S Kondoh, S AF Hayashi, Naoki Kocot, A. Linehan, M. J. Fukuda, Atsuo Vij, Jagdish K. Heppke, G. Naciri, J. Kawada, Sachiko Kondoh, Shinya TI Experimental demonstration, using polarized Raman and infrared spectroscopy, that both conventional and de Vries smectic-A phases may exist in smectic liquid crystals with a first-order A-C-* transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SIMPLE MOLECULAR THEORY; INDUCED CRITICAL-POINT; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; FRUSTRATED PHASE; ORDER PARAMETERS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; MODEL; LAYER; BEHAVIOR; ANTIFERROELECTRICITY AB Two models exist for the orientational distribution of the long molecular axes in smectic-A liquid crystals: the conventional unimodal distribution and the "cone-shaped" de Vries distribution. The de Vries hypothesis provides a plausible picture of how, at a molecular level, a first-order Sm-A to Sm-C-* transition may occur, especially if there is little or no concomitant shrinkage of the layer spacing. This work investigates two materials with such transitions: C7 and TSiKN65. The azimuthal distribution of in-layer directors is probed using IR and polarized Raman spectroscopy, which allows us to obtain orientational order parameters. In C7, we observe a discontinuous change in the order parameter, the magnitude of which is small compared with the corresponding change in the in-layer director tilt angle Theta. Assuming that the smectic-A liquid crystal is of the de Vries type, we calculate the Theta required to reproduce the apparent order parameter < P-2 >(app), obtained from IR, by using the true order parameter < P-2 >, obtained from polarized Raman scattering. The results indicate that, for C7, the tilt angle so calculated is much smaller than that in the Sm-C-* angle and hence de Vries behavior may not be the appropriate explanation in this case. Conversely, we find that TSiKN65 shows a different behavior to C7, which can be explained in terms of the de Vries concept. Thus, we conclude that either type of distribution may exist in Sm-A phases which undergo a first-order transition to the Sm-C-* phase. We also discuss the changes in the smectic layer spacing and the orientational order parameters across the Sm-A-Sm-C-* phase transition, together with changes in birefringence with applied electric field. C1 Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Dublin 2, Ireland. Inst Mol Sci, Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. Tokyo Denki Univ, Dept Environm Mat Sci, Tokyo 1018457, Japan. Tech Univ Berlin, Iwan N Stranski Inst, Sekretariat ER 11, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Citizen Watch Co Ltd, Tokorozawa, Saitama 3598511, Japan. RP Vij, JK (reprint author), Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Dublin 2, Ireland. EM jvij@tcd.ie OI Vij, Jagdish K/0000-0001-7918-126X NR 56 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 AR 051706 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.051706 PN 1 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 110VF UT WOS:000242408700063 PM 17279925 ER PT J AU Luzum, B AF Luzum, Brian TI The pros and cons of leap seconds SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC USA. RP Luzum, B (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD NOV PY 2006 VL 59 IS 11 BP 78 EP 79 DI 10.1063/1.2435659 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 102TD UT WOS:000241835300028 ER PT J AU Tu, Y Chen, L Sun, F Wu, C AF Tu, Y. Chen, L. Sun, F. Wu, C. TI Optimization of cooling load and coefficient of performance for real regenerated air refrigerator SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART E-JOURNAL OF PROCESS MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE real regenerated air refrigerator; variable-temperature heat reservoir; cooling load; coefficient of performance; performance optimization; finite-time thermodynamics ID HEAT-EXCHANGER INVENTORY; FINITE-TIME; DENSITY OPTIMIZATION; CYCLE; ALLOCATION; SYSTEMS; PLANTS; THERMODYNAMICS AB The performance analysis and optimization of a real regenerated air refrigerator is carried out by using finite-time thermodynamic method in this article. To maximize the cooling load and the coefficient of performance of the refrigerator, the heat conductance distribution between the hot- and cold-side exchangers and the regenerator for the fixed total heat exchanger inventory and heat capacitance rate matching between the working fluid and heat reservoirs are optimized, respectively. The influences of the pressure ratio, the total heat exchanger inventory, the efficiencies of the compressor and expander, the pressure recovery coefficient, and the ratio of the heat capacitance rates of heat reservoirs on the optimum characteristic of the refrigerator are shown by detailed numerical examples. The results obtained may provide guidance for the design of practice air refrigeration plants. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, L (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0954-4089 EI 2041-3009 J9 P I MECH ENG E-J PRO JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part E-J. Process Mech. Eng. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 220 IS E4 BP 207 EP 215 DI 10.1243/0954408JPME80 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 122TN UT WOS:000243249900002 ER PT J AU Jones, LR AF Jones, Lawrence R. TI The future of war: Organizations as weapons SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Jones, LR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. EM lrjones@nps.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0033-3352 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN REV JI Public Adm. Rev. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 66 IS 6 BP 929 EP 932 DI 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00706.x PG 4 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 109BJ UT WOS:000242282600021 ER PT J AU Jones, LR AF Jones, Lawrence R. TI Preparing for the future: Strategic planning in the US Air Force SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Jones, LR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. EM lrjones@nps.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0033-3352 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN REV JI Public Adm. Rev. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 66 IS 6 BP 929 EP 932 DI 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00706.x PG 4 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 109BJ UT WOS:000242282600020 ER PT J AU Evans, NR Franz, O Massa, D Mason, B Walker, RL Karovska, M AF Evans, Nancy Remage Franz, Otto Massa, Derck Mason, Brian Walker, Richard L. Karovska, Margarita TI Cepheids in multiple systems: ADS 14859 SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID ICCD SPECKLE OBSERVATIONS; BINARY STARS; CLASSICAL CEPHEID; INTERFEROMETRY AB We have attempted to resolve the system containing the Cepheid V1334 Cyg (=ADS 14859) using both the Faint Object Camera (FOC) and the Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS) on the Hubble Space Telescope, and also using ground-based speckle interferometry with 4 m class instruments. None of these approaches was successful, leading to upper limits of approximately 20 mas ( depending on the magnitude difference between the stars). We discuss constraints this places on a possible wide orbit as a guide to future observations. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN Observ, Dept Astron, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC USA. RP Evans, NR (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, MS-4,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 118 IS 849 BP 1545 EP 1549 DI 10.1086/509791 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 111UF UT WOS:000242479800006 ER PT J AU Hudson, LT Atkin, R Back, CA Henins, A Holland, GE Seely, JF Szabo, CI AF Hudson, L. T. Atkin, R. Back, C. A. Henins, A. Holland, G. E. Seely, J. F. Szabo, C. I. TI X-ray spectroscopy at next-generation inertial confinement fusion sources: Anticipating needs and challenges SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on X-Ray and Inner-Shell Processes CY JUL 04-08, 2005 CL Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA HO Univ Melbourne DE X-ray spectroscopy; laser-produced plasmas; curved-crystal optics; plasma diagnostics; high energy density physics ID CRYSTAL SPECTROMETERS; PLASMAS; REGION; LASER AB The inertial confinement fusion community is actively preparing for the transition from kilojoule- to megajoule-class lasers. To assess laser and target performance, a sophisticated array of diagnostics that can operate in increasingly harsh environments is required. In this paper, we overview some of the needs and challenges related to performing X-ray spectroscopy with very intense and highly energetic X-ray sources. To illustrate issues that will be broadly applicable to diagnostics at high energy density facilities, we relate lessons learned during early testing of the high-energy electronic X-ray spectrometer (HENEX), a core-level diagnostic commissioned by the National Ignition Facility. A spectrometer design employing symmetric Laue diffraction has proven to be particularly well suited for the high energy density environment and will extend existing diagnostic techniques to high-Z, K-shell spectroscopy. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Tiger Innovat LLC, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. SFA, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hudson, LT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM larry.hudson@nist.gov NR 25 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 11 BP 1784 EP 1798 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2005.12.050 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 107QH UT WOS:000242185600068 ER PT J AU Szabo, CI Hudson, LT Henins, A Holland, GE Atkin, R Seely, JF AF Szabo, C. I. Hudson, L. T. Henins, A. Holland, G. E. Atkin, R. Seely, J. F. TI Mitigation of fluorescence and scattering in reflection convex-crystal X-ray spectrometers SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on X-Ray and Inner-Shell Processes CY JUL 04-08, 2005 CL Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA HO Univ Melbourne DE X-ray spectroscopy; X-ray fluorescence; crystal spectrometer; X-ray scattering AB X-ray diagnostics in today's high-energy density environments must contend with intense and energetic X-ray background levels. In this work, we address the issues of X-ray fluorescence and scattering in reflection-geometry X-ray crystal spectrometers. In this geometry, the detector can capture not only a dispersed X-ray spectrum but also fluorescence and/or scattered X-rays from the diffracting crystal and crystal mounts. Studies to optimally reduce these sources of spectral contamination have been performed using the HENEX spectrometer. Variables that mitigate such unwanted background include filtration, collimation and judicious selection of crystal and detector materials. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. SFA, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Tiger Innovat LLC, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Szabo, CI (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM csilla@nist.gov NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 11 BP 1824 EP 1829 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2005.11.013 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 107QH UT WOS:000242185600073 ER PT J AU Messer, S Blackwell, DD Amatucci, WE Walker, DN AF Messer, S. Blackwell, D. D. Amatucci, W. E. Walker, D. N. TI Broadband calibration of radio-frequency magnetic induction probes SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA AB We describe broadband calibration of a magnetic induction probe using a network analyzer. Our procedure uses a small driver coil and the scattering matrix associated with the coil-probe pair. This allows rapid, high-resolution measurements of the amplitude and phase of the probe's response to oscillating magnetic fields. Our setup gives high accuracy between 100 kHz and 100 MHz and less accuracy outside this range. We present over 1800 sensitivity measurements between 30 kHz and 1 GHz. The ideal probe response is compared to calibrations done with two different driver coils. We discuss several hurdles in probe design and calibration, as well as several high-frequency effects. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Messer, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sarah.messer@nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 77 IS 11 AR 115104 DI 10.1063/1.2387880 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 110VE UT WOS:000242408600034 ER PT J AU Shukla, A Parameswaran, V Du, Y Evora, V AF Shukla, Arun Parameswaran, Venkitanarayanan Du, Ying Evora, Victor TI Dynamic crack initiation and propagation in nanocomposite materials SO REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International (Russia-US) Workshop on Mechanics of Advanced Materials CY AUG 02-04, 2006 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Adv Study Ctr, Inst Problems Mech Engn, Russian Fdn Basic Res ID FRACTURE-BEHAVIOR; VOLUME FRACTION; TOUGHENED EPOXY; TOUGHNESS; POLYMERS AB A comprehensive series of experiments is conducted to study dynamic crack initiation and propagation in nanocomposite materials. The nanocomposites are fabricated using ultrasonics with an in-situ polymerization technique to produce materials with excellent particle dispersion, as verified by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Dynamic fracture toughness testing is carried out on three-point bend nanocomposite specimens using a modified split-Hopkinson pressure bar, and the results are compared to those of the matrix materials. Dynamic photoelasticity coupled with high speed photography has also been used to obtain crack tip velocities and dynamic stress fields around the propagating cracks. A relationship between the dynamic stress intensity factor, K-D, and the crack tip velocity, 6, is established. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Dynam Photomech Lab, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Shukla, A (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Dynam Photomech Lab, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM shuklaa@egr.uri.edu RI Parameswaran, Venkitanarayanan/C-9258-2014 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST PROBLEMS MECHANICAL ENGINEERING-RUSSIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI ST PTERSBURG PA BOLSHOJ 61, VAS OSTROV, ST PTERSBURG, 199178, RUSSIA SN 1606-5131 J9 REV ADV MATER SCI JI Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1 BP 47 EP 58 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 113LW UT WOS:000242600400008 ER PT J AU Zhilyaev, AP Swaminathan, S Raab, GI McNelley, TR AF Zhilyaev, A. P. Swaminathan, S. Raab, G. I. McNelley, T. R. TI Distortion of annealing twins during the initial equal channel angular pressing pass SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE equal channel angular pressing; copper; twin-matrix interface; microtexture ID DEFORMATION; TEXTURE; COPPER AB The heterogeneous deformation of annealed copper subjected to one equal channel angular pressing pass was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Distinctly inhomogeneous deformation of prior annealing twins by interpenetrating slip bands was observed, and some twin-matrix interfaces displayed stair-like offsets. The intense local deformation within the annealing twins exhibits characteristics of dislocation slip and not deformation twinning. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. CSIC, CENIM, Dept Met Phys, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. USATU, Inst Phys Adv Mat, Ufa 450000, Russia. RP McNelley, TR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM TMcNelley@nps.edu RI Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010; Raab, Georgy/G-7530-2013; OI Zhilyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1902-8703 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 55 IS 10 BP 931 EP 933 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.07.034 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 093KA UT WOS:000241166000022 ER PT J AU Harrison, MR Meggitt, D Hatke, J AF Harrison, Michael R. Meggitt, Dallas Hatke, Joseph TI Installation of lightweight underwater acoustic arrays - Rapid installation of port and harbor security intrusion detection system SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Sound & Sea Technol Inc, Ventura, CA USA. Sound & Sea Technol Inc, Edmonds, WA USA. USN, Facil Engn Sci Ctr, Ocean Syst Div, Port Hueneme, CA USA. RP Harrison, MR (reprint author), Sound & Sea Technol Inc, Ventura, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 47 IS 11 BP 15 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 107CQ UT WOS:000242148700003 ER PT J AU Harris, M Avera, W Sample, J AF Harris, Mike Avera, William Sample, John TI AN/AQS-20A environmental data collection for mine warfare - Extraction of multibeam bathymetry and sediment parameters from a tactical mine hunting system SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Harris, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 47 IS 11 BP 27 EP 30 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 107CQ UT WOS:000242148700005 ER PT J AU Marvel, OE AF Marvel, Orin E. TI Information is power in the decision-making process - How to succeed in the high-tech world with data overloads through organizing and planning SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Marvel, OE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 47 IS 11 BP 37 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 107CQ UT WOS:000242148700007 ER PT J AU Yang, TC AF Yang, T. C. TI Spatial processing for underwater acoustic communications - Beamforming gain versus diversity gain: The basis for optimal sensor configuration design SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Signal Proc Branch, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Signal Proc Branch, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yang@wave31i.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 47 IS 11 BP 41 EP 44 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 107CQ UT WOS:000242148700008 ER PT J AU Aulanier, G Pariat, E Demoulin, P Devore, CR AF Aulanier, G. Pariat, E. Demoulin, P. Devore, C. R. TI Slip-running reconnection in quasi-separatrix layers SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT-SHEET FORMATION; HYPERBOLIC FLUX TUBES; 3-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; SOLAR-FLARES; ACTIVE REGIONS; NULL POINTS; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION; ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMAS; NEUTRAL POINT; FIELD AB Using time dependent MHD simulations, we study the nature of three-dimensional magnetic reconnection in thin quasi-separatrix layers (QSLs), in the absence of null points. This process is believed to take place in the solar atmosphere, in many solar flares and possibly in coronal heating. We consider magnetic field configurations which have previously been weakly stressed by asymmetric line-tied twisting motions and whose potential fields already possessed thin QSLs. When the line-tied driving is suppressed, magnetic reconnection is solely due to the self-pinching and dissipation of narrow current layers previously formed along the QSLs. A generic property of this reconnection process is the continuous slippage of magnetic field lines along each other, while they pass through the current layers. This is contrary to standard null point reconnection, in which field lines clearly reconnect by pair and abruptly exchange their connectivities. For sufficiently thin QSLs and high resistivities, the field line footpoints slip-run at super-Alfvenic speeds along the intersection of the QSLs with the line-tied boundary, even though the plasma velocity and resistivity are there fixed to zero. The slip-running velocities of a given footpoint have a well-defined maximum when the field line crosses the thinnest regions of the QSLs. QSLs can then physically behave as true separatrices on MHD time scales, since magnetic field lines can change their connections on time scales far shorter than the travel-time of Alfven waves along them. Since particles accelerated in the diffusive regions travel along the field much faster than the Alfven speed, slip-running reconnection may also naturally account for the fast motion of hard X-ray sources along chromospheric ribbons, as observed during solar flares. C1 Observ Paris, Lab Etud Spatiales & Instrumentat Astrophys, F-92195 Meudon, France. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aulanier, G (reprint author), Observ Paris, Lab Etud Spatiales & Instrumentat Astrophys, F-92195 Meudon, France. RI DeVore, C/A-6067-2015; OI DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X; Demoulin, Pascal/0000-0001-8215-6532 NR 61 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 238 IS 2 BP 347 EP 376 DI 10.1007/s11207-006-0230-2 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 111HA UT WOS:000242440800009 ER PT J AU Dutt, MVG Cheng, J Steel, DG Bracker, AS Gammon, D Sham, LJ AF Dutt, M. V. Gurudev Cheng, Jun Steel, D. G. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. Sham, L. J. TI A direct measurement of the trion relaxation and dipole decoherence rate: An application of high resolution coherent nonlinear optical spectroscopy SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE semiconductors; nanostructures; optical properties; nonlinear optics ID SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM-WELLS; CHARGED EXCITONS; ION-TRAP; DOT; COMPUTATION; GATE AB Coherent nonlinear optical spectroscopy of single electron quantum dots allows us to measure the decay and decoherence times of the charged exciton (trion) state. Our results show that the decoherence time of QD trions is not significantly affected by pure dephasing processes, which are suppressed by the zero-dimensional nature of the orbital states of the QD. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, FOCUS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Dutt, MVG (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, 17 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mdutt@fas.harvard.edu; dst@umich.edu RI Dutt, Gurudev /B-2889-2009; OI Sham, Lu/0000-0001-5718-2077 NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 140 IS 7-8 BP 374 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2006.08.041 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 109AY UT WOS:000242281500011 ER PT J AU Cheng, J Wu, YW Xu, XD Sun, D Steel, DG Bracker, AS Gammon, D Yao, W Sham, LJ AF Cheng, Jun Wu, Yanwen Xu, Xiaodong Sun, Dong Steel, D. G. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. Yao, Wang Sham, L. J. TI Spin relaxation in charged quantum dots measured by coherent optical phase modulation spectroscopy SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE quantum dots; spin dynamics; phase modulation; nonlinear spectroscopies ID ELECTRON-SPIN; EXCITONS AB Measurements of the electron spin relaxation rate (T-1) in charged GaAs quantum dots are made using a new nonlinear optical phase-modulation spectroscopy technique. The measured results of T-1 as a function of magnetic field and temperature are best explained in terms of the spin relaxation by the phonoti-assisted Dresselhaus spin-orbit scattering. T-1 approaches 34 mu s at zero magnetic field at 4.5 K. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, FOCUS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Steel, DG (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, FOCUS, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM juncheng@umich.edu; dst@umich.edu RI Yao, Wang/C-1353-2008; xu, xiaodong/C-4316-2008; Sun, Dong/A-3195-2011; OI Yao, Wang/0000-0003-2883-4528; Sham, Lu/0000-0001-5718-2077 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 140 IS 7-8 BP 381 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2006.08.035 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 109AY UT WOS:000242281500013 ER PT J AU Mattison, ME Simsiman, AJ Menefee, SA AF Mattison, Meredith E. Simsiman, Amanda J. Menefee, Shawn A. TI Can urethral mobility be assessed using the pelvic organ prolapse quantification system? An analysis of the correlation between point Aa and Q-TIP angle in varying stages of prolapse SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE; FEMALE; WOMEN AB Objectives. To determine whether the Pelvic Organ Prolapse-Quantification (POP-Q) system can be used as a replacement for Q-tip testing to assess urethral mobility in women. Methods. We performed a retrospective review of a clinical database of 1490 patients presenting to a urogynecology clinic. The evaluation included both Q-tip straining angle and POP-Q examination. Urethral hypermobility was defined by the Q-tip test as a straining angle of 30 or greater relative to the horizontal. The correlation between point Aa of the POP-Q system and the maximal Q-tip straining angle was determined using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results. The mean age of the 1490 patients was 59.5 +/- 13.1 years; the median parity was 2. A total of 62 patients (4.2%) reported prior surgery for incontinence or prolapse. The mean Q-tip straining angle was 44.7 degrees +/- 21.8 degrees. The point Aa values were +3 to -3 cm (median -2). The correlation coefficient between the Q-tip straining angle and point Aa was 0.54 (P < 0.001). Urethral hypermobility was observed in 93.3% patients with stage 3 prolapse, 92.5% with stage 2, 88.9% with stage 1, and 55.8% with stage 0. Only in patients with stage 4 prolapse was urethral hypermobility observed 100% of the time. Conclusions. The correlation between point Aa of the POP-Q and the Q-tip straining angle was moderately strong when analyzed across all degrees of prolapse. However, urethral hypermobility could not be reliably predicted from POP-Q measurement alone. Therefore, the Q-tip test remains an essential part of the urogynecologic evaluation. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Med Ctr, Kaiser Permanente, Div Female Pelv Med & Reconstruct Pelv Surg, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Menefee, SA (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Female Pelv Med & Reconstruct Surg, 4647 Zion Ave, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. EM shawn.a.menefee@kp.org NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 68 IS 5 BP 1005 EP 1008 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2006.05.030 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 113IV UT WOS:000242592500020 PM 17095054 ER PT J AU Booher, KR Passerini, S Edmondson, CA Fontanella, JJ AF Booher, K. R. Passerini, S. Edmondson, C. A. Fontanella, J. J. TI Super-pressed and super-cooled (?) P(EO)(20)LiBETI SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Solid State Ionics CY 2005 CL Baden Baden, GERMANY DE lithium; polymer electrolyte; PEO; LiBETI; high pressure ID POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); CONDUCTIVITY AB High pressure conductivity measurements have been carried out on P(EO)(20)LiBETI from 295 K to 368 K. The decrease of electrical conductivity with pressure is larger in the partially crystalline phase (low temperature and low pressure or high temperature and high pressure) than in the fully amorphous phase (high temperature and low pressure). It is found that if the phase transition is approached from the crystalline phase (decreasing pressure), the pressure of the phase transition varies from 0 to 0.23 GPa as the temperature increases from 336 K to 358 K. The shift of the phase transition temperature with pressure is approximately the same as the shift of the glass transition temperature with pressure for pure PEO. This can be understood in terms of the defect diffusion model. If the material is above 336 K and is in the fully amorphous phase, after pressure is increased above the critical pressure, the material remains in the amorphous phase for extended periods of time before transforming to the partially crystalline phase. This is reminiscent of a super-pressed state but may be an indication of slow crystallization kinetics. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Settore R&S Convers Elettrochim Energia, Div Tecnol Energet Avanzate, Ente Nuove Tecnol Energia Ambiente, I-00060 Rome, Italy. RP Fontanella, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jjf@usna.edu RI Passerini, Stefano/A-3859-2015 OI Passerini, Stefano/0000-0002-6606-5304 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD OCT 31 PY 2006 VL 177 IS 26-32 BP 2687 EP 2690 DI 10.1016/j.ssi.2006.04.003 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 113QG UT WOS:000242611800093 ER PT J AU McCormack, JP Eckermann, SD Siskind, DE McGee, TJ AF McCormack, J. P. Eckermann, S. D. Siskind, D. E. McGee, T. J. TI CHEM2D-OPP: A new linearized gas-phase ozone photochemistry parameterization for high-altitude NWP and climate models SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; 2-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; GLOBAL VARIATIONS; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; MEAN OZONE; TEMPERATURE; MIDDLE; WAVES; SIMULATIONS AB The new CHEM2D-Ozone Photochemistry Parameterization ( CHEM2D-OPP) for high-altitude numerical weather prediction ( NWP) systems and climate models specifies the net ozone photochemical tendency and its sensitivity to changes in ozone mixing ratio, temperature and overhead ozone column based on calculations from the CHEM2D interactive middle atmospheric photochemical transport model. We evaluate CHEM2D-OPP performance using both short-term ( 6-day) and long-term ( 1-year) stratospheric ozone simulations with the prototype high-altitude NOGAPS-ALPHA forecast model. An inter-comparison of NOGAPS-ALPHA 6-day ozone hindcasts for 7 February 2005 with ozone photochemistry parameterizations currently used in operational NWP systems shows that CHEM2D-OPP yields the best overall agreement with both individual Aura Microwave Limb Sounder ozone profile measurements and independent hemispheric ( 10 degrees - 90 degrees N) ozone analysis fields. A 1-year free-running NOGAPS-ALPHA simulation using CHEM2D-OPP produces a realistic seasonal cycle in zonal mean ozone throughout the stratosphere. We find that the combination of a model cold temperature bias at high latitudes in winter and a warm bias in the CHEM2D-OPP temperature climatology can degrade the performance of the linearized ozone photochemistry parameterization over seasonal time scales despite the fact that the parameterized temperature dependence is weak in these regions. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP McCormack, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.mccormack@nrl.navy.mil RI McGee, Thomas/G-4951-2013; OI McCormack, John/0000-0002-3674-0508 NR 63 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 30 PY 2006 VL 6 BP 4943 EP 4972 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 100CA UT WOS:000241643600005 ER PT J AU Chang, GC Gould, RW AF Chang, Grace C. Gould, Richard W., Jr. TI Comparisons of optical properties of the coastal ocean derived from satellite ocean color and in situ measurements SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; WATERS; SEAWIFS; CHLOROPHYLL; ABSORPTION; ENVIRONMENT; SCATTERING; ALGORITHM; RADIANCE; BIGHT AB Satellite-derived optical properties are compared to in situ mooring and ship-based measurements at a coastal site. Comparisons include remote sensing reflectance (R(rs)), chlorophyll concentration (Ch1) using two different Ch1 algorithms, and spectral absorption [a(pg)(lambda)] and backscattering coefficients [b(b)(555)] using three different bio-optical algorithms. For mooring/shipboard comparisons, we observed mean relative errors of 70.5%/-3.8% (SeaWiFS OC4v4), -21.4%/-49.3% (SeaWiFS Stumpf), 109.5%/13.4% ( MODIS OC3m) and 0.5%/-48.9% ( MODIS Stumpf) for Ch1. For satellite-derived and mooring comparisons of apg( 412), we found mean relative errors of -69.4% (-67.1%), -52.6% (48.9%), and -62.7% (-65.4%) for the Arnone, GSM, and QAA algorithms for SeaWiFS ( MODIS), respectively. Mean relative errors of 21.3%, 19.9%, and 16.5% were found between SeaWiFS-derived ( Arnone, GSM, and QAA algorithms, respectively) and moored bb( 555) measurements. Discrepancies in Rrs at blue wavelengths are attributed to the satellite atmospheric correction and sea surface variations of the moored radiometers. High spatial and temporal variability of bio-optical properties coupled with differences in measurement techniques (pixel versus point) contribute to inconsistencies between remotely sensed and in situ bio-optical properties. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ocean Phys Lab, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ocean Opt Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Chang, GC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ocean Phys Lab, 6487 Calle Real Suite A, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. EM grace.chang@opl.ucsb.edu; gould@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 35 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 30 PY 2006 VL 14 IS 22 BP 10149 EP 10163 DI 10.1364/OE.14.010149 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 109QV UT WOS:000242324500003 PM 19529411 ER PT J AU Fronabarger, JW Chapman, RD Gilardi, RD AF Fronabarger, John W. Chapman, Robert D. Gilardi, Richard D. TI Facile entry into the 3H,9H-bis[1,2,4]triazolo-[1,5-a : 5 ',1 '-d][1,3,5]triazinium (5/6/5 tricyclic NNN) system SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRIAZINIUM-IMIDOTHIOATE ZWITTERIONS; 3,4,5-TRIAMINO-4H-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE GUANAZINE; DERIVATIVES AB A facile, one-pot reaction between 3,4 5-triamino-1,2,4-triazole (guanazine) and cyanogen bromide provides a new high-nitrogen example of the 3H,9H-bis[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a:5',1'-d][1,3,5]triazinium system, the 2,3,5,6-tetraamino-9-imino derivative (3) as a quaternary bromide salt. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Pacific Sci Energet Mat Co, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Chem Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chapman, RD (reprint author), Pacific Sci Energet Mat Co, 7073 W Willis Dr, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. EM robert.chapman@navy.mil NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD OCT 30 PY 2006 VL 47 IS 44 BP 7707 EP 7709 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.08.106 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 097EK UT WOS:000241429400010 ER PT J AU Dey, S Datta, DK AF Dey, Saikat Datta, Dibyendu K. TI A parallel hp-FEM infrastructure for three-dimensional structural acoustics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE finite element; parallel; fluid-structure interaction; domain decomposition; FETI-DP ID DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION METHOD; INFINITE ELEMENTS; ERROR ESTIMATION; SCATTERING AB This paper describes a parallel three-dimensional numerical infrastructure for the solution of a wide range of time-harmonic problems in structural acoustics and vibration. High accuracy and rate of error-convergence, in the mid-frequency regime,is achieved by the use of hp-finite and infinite element approximations. The infrastructure supports parallel computation in both single and multi-frequency settings. Multi-frequency solves utilize concurrent factoring of the frequency-dependent linear algebraic systems and are naturally scalable. Scalability of large-scale single-frequency problems is realized by using FETI-DP-an iterative domain-decomposition scheme. Numerical examples are presented to cover applications in vibratory response of fluid-filled elastic structures as well as radiation and scattering from elastic structures submerged in an infinite acoustic medium. We demonstrate both the numerical accuracy as well as parallel scalability of the infrastructure in terms of problem parameters that include wavenumber and number of frequencies, polynomial degree of finite/infinite element approximations as well as the number of processors. Scalability and accuracy is evaluated for both single and multiple frequency sweeps on four high-performance parallel computing platforms: SGI Altix, SGI Origin, IBM p690 SP and Linux-cluster. Results show good performance on shared as well as distributed-memory architecture. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 SFA Inc, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Dey, S (reprint author), SFA Inc, NRL, 2200 Def Highway,Suite 405, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM dey@pa.nrl.navy.mil; datta@pa.nrl.navy.mit NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD OCT 29 PY 2006 VL 68 IS 5 BP 583 EP 603 DI 10.1002/nme.1730 PG 21 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 098PJ UT WOS:000241535000004 ER PT J AU Baruah, T Pederson, MR AF Baruah, Tunna Pederson, Mark R. TI Density functional study on a light-harvesting carotenoid-porphyrin-C-60 molecular triad SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; PORPHYRIN-FULLERENE TRIAD; POTENTIAL-ENERGY CURVES; EXCITED-STATES; TRIPLET-STATE; GROUND-STATE; BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE; APPROXIMATION; C-60; SIMULATIONS AB We present a study on the electronic structure of a biology-inspired molecular triad which shows promises in replicating photosynthesis process in the laboratory. The triad contains three different units-C-60, porphyrin, and beta-carotenoid. We present its geometrical and electronic structure, dipole moments, optical absorption spectrum, and polarizability calculated with an all-electron density functional approach. Such a study will be useful for further understanding of its photoconversion properties. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Phys, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Baruah, T (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Phys, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM tbaruah@utep.edu NR 31 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 16 AR 164706 DI 10.1063/1.2360265 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 101EP UT WOS:000241722000065 PM 17092119 ER PT J AU Blum, AS Soto, CM Wilson, CD Whitley, JL Moore, MH Sapsford, KE Lin, TW Chatterji, A Johnson, JE Ratna, BR AF Blum, Amy Szuchmacher Soto, Carissa M. Wilson, Charmaine D. Whitley, Jessica L. Moore, Martin H. Sapsford, Kim E. Lin, Tianwei Chatterji, Anju Johnson, John E. Ratna, Banahalli R. TI Templated self-assembly of quantum dots from aqueous solution using protein scaffolds SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COWPEA MOSAIC-VIRUS; 2.8 ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; VIRAL NANOPARTICLES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SURFACE; NANOCRYSTALS; EXPRESSION; PEPTIDES; LABELS; CELLS AB Short, histidine-containing peptides can be conjugated to lysine-containing protein scaffolds to controllably attach quantum dots (QDs) to the scaffold, allowing for generic attachment of quantum dots to any protein without the use of specially engineered domains. This technique was used to bind quantum dots from aqueous solution to both chicken IgG and cowpea mosaic virus ( CPMV), a 30 nm viral particle. These quantum dot-protein assemblies were studied in detail. The IgG-QD complexes were shown to retain binding specificity to their antigen after modification. The CPMV-QD complexes have a local concentration of quantum dots greater than 3000 nmol ml(-1), and show a 15% increase in fluorescence quantum yield over free quantum dots in solution. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Newton, MA 02459 USA. George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Blum, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM amyblum@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD OCT 28 PY 2006 VL 17 IS 20 BP 5073 EP 5079 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/17/20/006 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 103AP UT WOS:000241856000006 ER PT J AU Wang, YH Yang, FH Yang, RT Heinzel, JM Nickens, AD AF Wang, Yuhe Yang, Frances H. Yang, Ralph T. Heinzel, John M. Nickens, Anthony D. TI Desulfurization of high-sulfur jet fuel by pi-complexation with copper and palladium halide sorbents SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; TRANSPORTATION FUELS; SELECTIVE ADSORPTION; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; ACTIVATED CARBONS; LIQUID FUELS; DIESEL FUELS; DEEP HYDRODESULFURIZATION; CU(I)Y ZEOLITE; GAS OIL AB Deep desulfurization of a high-sulfur jet fuel (for fuel cell applications) was achieved by adsorption with pi-complexation sorbents. The total sulfur content of JP-5 jet fuel was removed from 1172 ppmw S to below 1 ppmw S. The following sorbents were prepared and tested: CuCl supported on activated carbon (CuCl/ AC), PdCl2/AC, PdCl2/Al2O3, and Cu(I)- Y zeolite. Comparison of these sorbents as well as other known sorbents showed that PdCl2/AC had the highest sulfur selectivity and capacity. It was found that significant breakthrough occurred at about 6.0 mL/g for desulfurization of JP-5 by PdCl2/AC. Ab initio molecular orbital computation was performed for the bond energies between different sulfur molecules and these sorbents. For methylated benzothiophene, the main sulfur molecules in jet fuels, the bond energies ( and the separation factors for organosulfur/benzene) followed the order PdCl2 > CuCl > Cu-Y. This result was in agreement with the experimental breakthrough data. The spent PdCl2/AC was regenerated with benzene in a static system, and the regenerated sorbent was tested for reuse. The results showed that similar to 74 wt % adsorbed sulfur could be desorbed and 72% of the sulfur capacity could be recovered for reuse. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NAVSEA, Energy Convers Sect, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. Off Naval Res, Ship Syst & Engn Div, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Yang, RT (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM yang@umich.edu NR 32 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD OCT 25 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 22 BP 7649 EP 7655 DI 10.1021/ie060922w PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 096EP UT WOS:000241360500033 ER PT J AU D Maguire, J Lederman, ER Barcus, MJ O'Meara, WAP Jordon, RG Duong, S Muth, S Sismadi, P Bangs, MJ Prescott, WR Baird, JK Wongsrichanalai, C AF D Maguire, Jason Lederman, Edith R. Barcus, Mazie J. O'Meara, Wendy A. Prudhomme Jordon, Robert G. Duong, Socheat Muth, Sinuon Sismadi, Priyanto Bangs, Michael J. Prescott, W. Roy Baird, J. Kevin Wongsrichanalai, Chansuda TI Production and validation of durable, high quality standardized malaria microscopy slides for teaching, testing and quality assurance during an era of declining diagnostic proficiency SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; ACCURACY AB Background: Sets of Giemsa-stained, blood smear slides with systematically verified composite diagnoses would contribute substantially to development of externally validated quality assurance systems for the microscopic diagnosis of malaria. Methods: whole blood from Plasmodium-positive donors in Cambodia and Indonesia and individuals with no history of risk for malaria was collected. Using standard operating procedures, technicians prepared Giemsa-stained thick and thin smears from each donor. One slide from each of the first 35 donations was distributed to each of 28 individuals acknowledged by reputation as having expertise in the microscopic diagnosis of malaria. These reference readers recorded presence or absence of Plasmodium species and parasite density. A composite diagnosis for each donation was determined based on microscopic findings and species-specific small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssrRNA) DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Results: More than 12, 000 slides were generated from 124 donations. Reference readers correctly identified presence of parasites on 85% of slides with densities < 100 parasites/mu l, which improved to 100% for densities > 350 parasites/mu l. Percentages of agreement with composite diagnoses were highest for Plasmodium falciparum (99%), followed by Plasmodium vivax (86%). Conclusion: Herein, a standardized method for producing large numbers of consistently high quality, durable Giemsa-stained blood smears and validating composite diagnoses for the purpose of creating a malaria slide repository in support of initiatives to improve training and competency assessment amidst a background of variability in diagnosis is described. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Hydas Inc, Hershey, PA USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Ctr Parasitol Entomol & Malaria Control CNM, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Minist Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP D Maguire, J (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, NAMRU 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. EM jdmaguire@mar.med.navy.mil; dvk9@cdc.gov; mazie_barcus@yahoo.com; prudhomw@mail.nih.gov; Robert.Jordon@hydasworldhealth.org; socheatd@cnm.gov.kh; sinuonm@cnm.gov.kh; sismadi@litbang.depkes.go.id; bangs_michael@yahoo.com; Roy@Hydas.com; JKB@VHAsia.com.sg; dr.chansuda@gmail.com NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD OCT 25 PY 2006 VL 5 AR 92 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-5-92 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 103HW UT WOS:000241877300001 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM Seaver, M Trickey, ST AF Nichols, J. M. Seaver, M. Trickey, S. T. TI A method for detecting damage-induced nonlinearities in structures using information theory SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES; MUTUAL INFORMATION; HILBERT TRANSFORM; SURROGATE DATA; SYSTEMS; IDENTIFICATION; REDUNDANCIES; TRANSPORT; FLOW AB In this work a new approach is presented for detecting the presence of damage-induced nonlinearities in structures from measurements of structural dynamics. Two different information-theoretic (IT) measures, the time-delayed mutual information and the time-delayed transfer entropy are used to provide a probabilistic measure of the coupling between structural components. These measures may be used to capture both linear and nonlinear relationships among time-series data. The formula for both quantities is derived for a linear, five degree-of-freedom system subject to Gaussian excitation. An algorithm is then described for computing the IT metrics from time-series data and results are shown to agree with theory. We then show that as the coupling between the structure's components changes from linear to nonlinear the "information flow" can be used to indicate the degree of nonlinearity. Deviations from a linear model are quantified statistically by generating surrogate data sets that, by construction, possess only linear (second-order) correlations. We then apply the proposed algorithms to both the original data and the surrogates. Differences in the results are shown to be proportional to the degree of nonlinearity. This result is shown to be independent of global changes in stiffness and is therefore unaffected by certain models of environmental variability. Furthermore, the method provides an absolute measure of nonlinearity and therefore does not require a baseline data set for making comparisons. This approach is discussed in the context of structural health monitoring where damage is often associated with structural nonlinearity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.nichols@nrl.navy.mil NR 33 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD OCT 24 PY 2006 VL 297 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2006.01.025 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 074WJ UT WOS:000239842200001 ER PT J AU Avino, S Calloni, E Tierno, A Agrawal, B De Rosa, R Di Fiore, L Milano, L Restaino, SR AF Avino, S. Calloni, E. Tierno, A. Agrawal, B. De Rosa, R. Di Fiore, L. Milano, L. Restaino, S. R. TI Low-noise adaptive optics for gravitational wave interferometers SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article ID LASER-BEAM; FLUCTUATIONS; DISTORTIONS; ALIGNMENT AB We present the results of an adaptive optics prototype system used to test the feasibility of active control for corrections of geometrical fluctuations of a gravitational wave interferometer's input laser beam. It is shown that the efficiency of the system in correcting fluctuations extends up to 80 Hz unity gain frequency and that the upper limit of reintroduced noise is within the Virgo interferometer requirements. C1 Univ Naples Federico II, Conplesso Univ Monte St Angelo, Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Conplesso Univ Monte St Angelo, Sez Napoli, I-80125 Naples, Italy. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Avino, S (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Conplesso Univ Monte St Angelo, Via Cinthia, Naples, Italy. OI calloni, enrico/0000-0003-4819-3297; Milano, Leopoldo/0000-0001-9487-5876; Avino, Saverio/0000-0001-6623-9784 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD OCT 21 PY 2006 VL 23 IS 20 BP 5919 EP 5925 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/23/20/013 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 091LT UT WOS:000241031100015 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Sheeley, NR AF Wang, Y. -M. Sheeley, N. R., Jr. TI Observations of flux rope formation in the outer corona SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : magnetic fields ID DISCONNECTED MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; MASS EJECTIONS; LASCO OBSERVATIONS; SOLAR-ACTIVITY; INFLOWS; STREAMER; MODEL; INTERPLANETARY; RECONNECTION; EVOLUTION AB In previous studies employing the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO), we identified a class of white-light ejections that separate into incoming and outgoing components at distances of similar to 3-5 R(circle dot) from Sun center. These events, of which up to several per month are observed during high solar activity, are generally preceded by a gradual outward expansion of faint loops over a period of a day or more. The expansion terminates when the streamer material, in the form of an elongated stalk or a sheetlike structure, suddenly tears apart. The collapsing material is sometimes recognizable as a collection of loops, while the ejected component is usually poorly resolved. Here we describe a streamer detachment observed on 2005 December 11, in which the outgoing component can be clearly identified as a cylindrical flux rope with its ends anchored in the Sun. Based on simple three-dimensional white-light reconstructions, we conclude that in/out pairs in general represent the pinching off of streamer loop arcades to form flux ropes, as seen from different viewing angles. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7672, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ywang@yucca.nrl.navy.mil; sheeley@spruce.nrl.navy.mil NR 33 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 650 IS 2 BP 1172 EP 1183 DI 10.1086/506611 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 098CD UT WOS:000241497700054 ER PT J AU Schrijver, CJ Hudson, HS Murphy, RJ Share, GH Tarbell, TD AF Schrijver, C. J. Hudson, H. S. Murphy, R. J. Share, G. H. Tarbell, T. D. TI Gamma rays and the evolving, compact structures of the 2003 October 28 X17 flare SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : flares; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays; sunspots ID SOLAR-FLARES; MODELS; CHROMOSPHERE; RHESSI AB The X17 flare on 2003 October 28 was observed by high-resolution imaging or spectroscopic instruments on CORONAS, GOES, INTEGRAL, RHESSI, SOHO, and TRACE. These spacecraft observed the temporal evolution of the gamma-ray positron-annihilation and nuclear de-excitation line spectra, imaged the hard X-ray bremsstrahlung and EUV and UV emission, and measured the surface magnetic field and subphotospheric pressure perturbations. In the usual pattern, the onset of the flare is dominated by particle acceleration and interaction, and by the filling of coronal magnetic structures with hot plasma. The associated positron-annihilation signatures early in the impulsive phase from 11:06 to 11:16 UT have a line-broadening temperature characteristic of a few hundred thousand kelvins. The most intense precipitation sites within the extended flare ribbons are very compact, with diameters of less than 1400 km, and a 195 8 TRACE intensity that can exceed 7500 times the quiescent active-region value. These regions appear to move at speeds of up to 60 km s(-1). The associated rapidly evolving, compact perturbations of the photosphere below these sites excite acoustic pulses that propagate into the solar interior. Less intense precipitation sites typically persist for several minutes behind the advancing flare ribbons. After similar to 1 ks, the flare enters a second phase, dominated by coronal plasma cooling and downflows and by annihilation-line radiation characteristic of a photospheric environment. We point out (1) that these detailed observations underscore that flare models need to explicitly incorporate the multitude of successively excited environments whose evolving signals differ at least in their temporal offsets and energy budgets, if not also in the exciting particle populations and penetration depths, and (2) that the spectral signatures of the positron annihilation do not fit conventional model assumptions. C1 Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Schrijver, CJ (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM schryver@lmsal.com; hhudson@ssl.berkeley.edu; ronald.murphy@nrl.navy.mil; gerald.share@nrl.navy.mil; ttarbell@lmsal.com NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 650 IS 2 BP 1184 EP 1192 DI 10.1086/506583 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 098CD UT WOS:000241497700055 ER PT J AU Yashiro, S Akiyama, S Gopalswamy, N Howard, RA AF Yashiro, S. Akiyama, S. Gopalswamy, N. Howard, R. A. TI Different power-law indices in the frequency distributions of flares with and without coronal mass ejections SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : flares ID SOLAR-FLARES; BRIGHTENINGS; NANOFLARES; LASCO AB We investigated the frequency distributions of flares with and without coronal mass ejections (CMEs) as a function of flare parameters ( peak flux, fluence, and duration of soft X-ray flares). We used CMEs observed by the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) mission and soft X-ray flares (C3.2 and above) observed by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) during 1996-2005. We found that the distributions obey a power law of the form dN/dX proportional to X(-alpha), where X is a flare parameter and dN is the number of events recorded within the interval [X, X + dX]. For the flares with (without) CMEs, we obtained the power-law index alpha = 1.98 +/- 0.05 (alpha = 2.52 +/- 0.03) for the peak flux, alpha = 1.79 +/- 0.05 (alpha = 2.47 +/- 0.11) for the fluence, and alpha = 1.98 +/- 0.05 (alpha = 3.22 +/- 0.15) for the duration. The power-law indices for flares without CMEs are steeper than those for flares with CMEs. The larger power-law index for flares without CMEs supports the possibility that nanoflares contribute to coronal heating. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yashiro, S (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012 NR 19 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 650 IS 2 BP L143 EP L146 DI 10.1086/508876 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 098CE UT WOS:000241497800013 ER PT J AU Fok, MC Moore, TE Brandt, PC Delcourt, DC Slinker, SP Fedder, JA AF Fok, Mei-Ching Moore, Thomas E. Brandt, Pontus C. Delcourt, Dominique C. Slinker, Steven P. Fedder, Joel A. TI Impulsive enhancements of oxygen ions during substorms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL MHD SIMULATION; PLASMA SHEET; RING CURRENT; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; IONOSPHERIC OUTFLOWS; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; ENERGY; MAGNETOTAIL; ACCELERATION AB [ 1] It has been observed that H+ is the dominant ion species in the plasma sheet and the ring current during quiet times. However, the O+/H+ density ratio increases with increasing geomagnetic storm and substorm activity. Energetic neutral atom ( ENA) images from Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration/High Energy Neutral Atom ( IMAGE/HENA) reveal the rapid increase of O+ ring current at substorm expansion. Finding the cause of this substorm-associated O+ enhancement is the main focus of this paper. Two possible sources are suggested: direct injection from the ionosphere and energization of the preexisting oxygen ions in the magnetosphere. We perform numerical simulations to examine these two mechanisms. Millions of O+ are released from the auroral region during a simulated substorm by the Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry MHD model. The subsequent trajectories of these outflowing ions are calculated by solving the full equation of particle motion. A few minutes into the substorm expansion phase, an enhancement in O+ pressure is found on the nightside at similar to 12 R-E. After careful analysis, we conclude that this pressure peak is coming from energization of the preexisting O+ in the plasma sheet. The direct injection mechanism will introduce a significant time lag between strong ionospheric outflow and magnetospheric enhancement, so that it cannot explain the observed O+ bursts. Using the temperature and density established by the test-particle calculations as boundary conditions to a ring current model, we calculate the O+ fluxes and the corresponding ENA emissions during the model substorm. We are able to reproduce observable features of oxygen ENA enhancements as seen by IMAGE/HENA. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Observ St Maur, Ctr Etude Environm Terr & Planetaires, F-94107 St Maur des Fosses, France. Leading Edge Technol Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fok, MC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code73, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM mei-ching.h.fok@nasa.gov RI Moore, Thomas/D-4675-2012; Fok, Mei-Ching/D-1626-2012; Brandt, Pontus/N-1218-2016 OI Moore, Thomas/0000-0002-3150-1137; Brandt, Pontus/0000-0002-4644-0306 NR 47 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A10 AR A10222 DI 10.1029/2006JA011839 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 100VM UT WOS:000241697700001 ER PT J AU Greene, ES Chiu, WKS Medeiros, MG AF Greene, Eric S. Chiu, Wilson K. S. Medeiros, Maria G. TI Mass transfer in graded microstructure solid oxide fuel cell electrodes SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE solid oxide fuel cell; functionally graded microstructure; multi-component mass transfer; mass transfer modeling ID COMPOSITE CATHODES; TRANSPORT; GASES; MODEL AB A computational model is presented in which performance of a solid oxide fuel cell with functionally graded electrodes can be predicted. The model calculates operational cell voltages at varying electrode porosity and operational parameters, accounting for losses from mass transport through the porous electrodes, ohmic losses from current flow through the electrodes and electrolyte, and activation polarization. Specifically the physical phenomena that occur when the electrode is designed with a change in microstructure along its thickness are studied. Cell polarizations are investigated to find arrangements for which the minimal polarization occurs. Both diluted hydrogen fuel and partially reformed methane streams with internal reforming are investigated. It is concluded that performance benefits are seen when the electrodes are given an increase in porosity near the electrolyte interface for certain fuels and with satisfactory material properties. Enhanced reformation is observed in high tortuosity structures due to increased gas residence time within the electrode. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Chiu, WKS (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, 191 Auditorium Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM wchiu@engr.uconn.edu NR 15 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 161 IS 1 BP 225 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.03.063 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 096YE UT WOS:000241412000029 ER PT J AU Pons, T Uyeda, HT Medintz, IL Mattoussi, H AF Pons, Thomas Uyeda, H. Tetsuo Medintz, Igor L. Mattoussi, Hedi TI Hydrodynamic dimensions, electrophoretic mobility, and stability of hydrophilic quantum dots SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; MALTOSE-BINDING; LIVE CELLS; PROTEIN; DNA; COEFFICIENT AB Luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have great potential for use in biological assays and imaging. These nanocrystals are capped with surface ligands (bifunctional molecules, amphiphilic polymers, phospholipids, etc.) that render them hydrophilic and provide them with functional properties. These coatings alters their hydrodynamic radii and surface charge, which can drastically affect properties such as diffusion within the cell cytoplasm. Heavy atom techniques such as transmission electron microscopy and X-ray scattering probe the inorganic core and do not take into account the ligand coating. Herein we use dynamic light scattering to characterize the hydrodynamic radius (R-H) of CdSe-ZnS QDs capped with various hydrophilic surface coatings (including dihydrolipoic acid and amphiphilic polymers) and self-assembled QD-protein bioconjugates. Experiments were complemented with measurements of the geometric size and zeta potential using agarose gel electrophoresis and laser Doppler velocimetry. We find that the effects of surface ligands on the hydrodynamic radius and on the nanoparticle mobility are complex and strongly depend on a combination of the inorganic core size and nature and lateral extension of the hydrophilic surface coating. These properties are critical for the design of QD-based biosensing assays as well as QD bioconjugate diffusion in live cells. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Chem & Biomol Engn Dept, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hedimat@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Pons, Thomas/A-8667-2008 OI Pons, Thomas/0000-0001-8800-4302 NR 49 TC 197 Z9 200 U1 4 U2 73 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 19 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 41 BP 20308 EP 20316 DI 10.1021/jp065041h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 093TK UT WOS:000241192200040 PM 17034212 ER PT J AU Luke, TC Kilbane, EM Jackson, JL Hoffman, SL AF Luke, Thomas C. Kilbane, Edward M. Jackson, Jeffrey L. Hoffman, Stephen L. TI Meta-analysis: Convalescent blood products for Spanish influenza pneumonia: A future H5N1 treatment? SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID COMPLICATING INFLUENZA; MATERNAL IMMUNIZATION; NEONATAL FERRETS; CLINICAL-TRIALS; VIRUS-INFECTION; HUMAN SERUM; PLASMA; ANTIBODY; PROTECTION; MICE AB Background: Studies from the Spanish influenza era reported that transfusion of influenza-convalescent human blood products reduced mortality in patients with influenza complicated by pneumonia. Treatments for H5N1 influenza are unsatisfactory, and convalescent human plasma containing H5N1 antibodies could be an effective therapy during outbreaks and pandemics. Purpose: To determine whether transfusion with influenza-convalescent human blood products reduced the risk for death in patients with Spanish influenza pneumonia. Data Sources: Manual search of English-language journals from 1918 to 1925. Citations from retrieved studies were also searched. Study Selection: Published English-language studies that had at least 10 patients in the treatment group, used convalescent blood products to treat Spanish influenza pneumonia in a hospital setting, and reported on a control or comparison group. Data Extraction: Two investigators independently extracted data on study characteristics, outcomes, adverse events, and quality. Data Synthesis: Eight relevant studies involving 1703 patients were found. Treated patients, who were often selected because of more severe illness, were compared with untreated controls with influenza pneumonia in the same hospital or ward. The overall crude case-fatality rate was 16% (54 of 336) among treated patients and 37% (452 of 1219) among controls. The range of absolute risk differences in mortality between the treatment and control groups was 8% to 26% (pooled risk difference, 21% [95% Cl, 15% to 27%]). The overall crude case-fatality rate was 19% (28 of 148) among patients who received early treatment (after < 4 days of pneumonia complications) and 59% (49 of 83) among patients who received late treatment (after 4 days of pneumonia complications). The range of absolute risk differences in mortality between the early treatment group and the late treatment group was 26% to 50% (pooled risk difference, 41% [Cl, 29% to 54%]). Adverse effects included chill reactions and possible exacerbations of symptoms in a few patients. Limitations: Studies were few and had many methodologic limitations. No study was a blinded, randomized, or placebo-controlled trial. Some pertinent studies may have been missed. Conclusions: Patients with Spanish influenza pneumonia who received influenza-convalescent human blood products may have experienced a clinically important reduction in the risk for death. Convalescent human H5N1 plasma could be an effective, timely, and widely available treatment that should be studied in clinical trials. C1 Prot Potential LLC, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Bur Med & Surg, USN, Washington, DC USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Hoffman, SL (reprint author), Prot Potential LLC, 12111 Parklawn Dr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM slhoffman@protpot.com NR 63 TC 135 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD OCT 17 PY 2006 VL 145 IS 8 BP 599 EP 609 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 095NX UT WOS:000241315700006 PM 16940336 ER PT J AU Bewley, WW Nolde, JA Larrabee, DC Canedy, CL Kim, CS Kim, M Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Bewley, W. W. Nolde, J. A. Larrabee, D. C. Canedy, C. L. Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. TI Interband cascade laser operating cw to 257 K at lambda=3.7 mu m SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; DIODE-LASERS; W-DIODE AB A five-stage interband cascade laser with 12 mu m ridge width and Au electroplating for improved epitaxial-side-up heat sinking operates cw to a maximum temperature of 257 K, where the emission wavelength is 3.7 mu m. The device emits 100 mWfacet for cw operation at 80 K, 54 mW at 200 K, and 10 mW at 250 K. The beam quality is within twice the diffraction limit for injection currents up to 14 times the lasing threshold at 120 K. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 16 AR 161106 DI 10.1063/1.2363169 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 096VP UT WOS:000241405200006 ER PT J AU Lu, CZ Mohammad, SN AF Lu, Changzhi Mohammad, S. Noor TI Validity/invalidity of Schottky-Mott rules for Schottky contacts to III-V nitride semiconductor heterostructures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; GAN AB Carrier transport through the metal/semiconductor and metal/semiconductor/semiconductor (M/S/S) Schottky contact interfaces has been studied. Metal/n-GaN, metal/n-AlxGa1-xN, and metal/n-AlxGa1-xN/n-GaN diodes have been chosen for the study. It has been observed that, owing to the presence of the piezoelectric polarization field and a quantum well at the AlxGa1-xN/GaN interface, the AlxGa1-xN/GaN contacts exhibit properties distinctly different from those of the AlxGa1-xN contacts. The superiority of the AlxGa1-xN/GaN contacts to that of the AlxGa1-xN contacts largely disappears at high temperatures. While the GaN and AlxGa1-xN contacts appear to obey the Schottky-Mott rule, the AlxGa1-xN/GaN contacts tend to disobey it. C1 Beijing Univ Technol, Dept Elect Informat & Control Engn, Beijing 100022, Peoples R China. Howard Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mohammad, SN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM snmohammad2002@yahoo.com NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 16 AR 162111 DI 10.1063/1.2358956 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 096VP UT WOS:000241405200056 ER PT J AU Martinez-Miranda, LJ McCarthy, K Kurihara, LK Harry, JJ Noel, A AF Martinez-Miranda, L. J. McCarthy, Kevin Kurihara, L. K. Harry, Jason J. Noel, Alexis TI Effect of the surface coating on the magnetic nanoparticle smectic-A liquid crystal interaction SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-INDUCED ALIGNMENT; PHASE; FERROSMECTICS; FERRONEMATICS; SCATTERING AB The behavior of smectic-A liquid crystals with magnetic particles has not been very well characterized. The authors have studied the interaction of a smectic-A liquid crystal with magnetic nanoparticles. They concentrate on the effect of the particles' surface coating or functionalization compound. The surface coating in a nanoparticle is used to avoid phase separation and in biological applications to identify a particular cell or protein. Thus it is important to see how the surface coating interacts with the liquid crystal in conjunction with the magnetic nanoparticles. They have found out that depending on the surface coating the interaction of the nanoparticles with the liquid crystal varies. This variation is related to how the surface coating aligns the liquid crystal, how it contributes to the relative concentration of the nanoparticles in the liquid crystal-nanoparticle mixture, and how it affects the magnetic energy of the system. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, REU Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Xavier Univ, MARC Program, New Orleans, LA 70125 USA. Morgan State Univ, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA. RP Martinez-Miranda, LJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ljmm@umd.edu NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 16 AR 161917 DI 10.1063/1.2359430 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 096VP UT WOS:000241405200038 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Barron, JA Ringeisen, BR AF Chen, C. Y. Barron, J. A. Ringeisen, B. R. TI Cell patterning without chemical surface modification: Cell-cell interactions between printed bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) on a homogeneous cell-adherent hydrogel SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BioLP; cell patterning; cell printing; tissue engineering; BAECs ID SOFT LITHOGRAPHY; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; LASER; MICROFABRICATION; MONOLAYERS; PROTEINS; ADHESION; CULTURE; BIOLOGY; STRESS AB Cell printing offers the unique ability to directly deposit one or multiple cell types directly onto a surface without the need to chemically pre-treat the surface with lithographic methods. We utilize biological laser printing (BioLP (TM)) to form patterns of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) onto a homogeneous cell adherent hydrogel surface. These normal cells are shown to retain near-100% viability post-printing. In order to determine whether BAECs encountered shear and/or heat stress during printing, immunocytochemical staining experiments were performed to detect potential expression of heat shock proteins (HSP) by the deposited cells. Printed BAECs expressed HSP at levels similar to negative control cells, indicating that the BioLP process does not expose cells to damaging levels of stress. However, HSP expression was slightly higher at the highest laser energy studied, suggesting more stress was present under these extreme conditions. Printed BAECs also showed preferential asymmetric growth and migration towards each other and away from the originally printed pattern, demonstrating a retained ability for the cells to communicate post-printing. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Bradley.Ringeisen@nrl.navy.mil RI Chen, Christopher/B-8141-2012 OI Chen, Christopher/0000-0003-2726-3989 NR 29 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 252 IS 24 BP 8641 EP 8645 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.11.088 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 103LY UT WOS:000241888000045 ER PT J AU Pluhar, CJ Coe, RS Lewis, JC Monastero, FC Glen, JMG AF Pluhar, Christopher J. Coe, Robert S. Lewis, Jonathan C. Monastero, Francis C. Glen, Jonathan M. G. TI Fault block kinematics at a releasing stepover of the Eastern California shear zone: Partitioning of rotation style in and around the Coso geothermal area and nascent metamorphic core complex SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Eastern California shear zone; Walker Lane Belt; Coso volcanic field; Wild Horse Mesa; China Lake; paleomagnetism; vertical-axis rotation; metamorphic core complex; kinematics; Pliocene ID PALEOMAGNETIC DATA; MOJAVE-DESERT; RANGE; BASIN; TRANSTENSION; DEFORMATION; VALLEY; MOTION; MODEL AB Pliocene lavas and sediments of Wild Horse Mesa in the Coso Range, CA exhibit clockwise vertical-axis rotation of fault-bounded blocks. This indicates localization of one strand of the Eastern California shear zone/Walker Lane Belt within a large-scale, transtensional, dextral, releasing stepover. We measured rotations paleomagnetically relative to two different reference frames. At two localities we averaged secular variation through sedimentary sections to reveal rotation or its absence relative to paleogeographic north. Where sediments are lacking we used areally-extensive lava flows from individual cooling units or short eruptive episodes to measure the relative rotation of localities by comparing their paleomagnetic remanence directions to one another. At the western edge of Wild Horse Mesa the fanglomerate member of the Coso Formation (c.a. 3 Ma) exhibits between 8.4 degrees +/- 7.8 degrees and 26.2 degrees +/- 9.0 degrees (two endmember models of a continuum) absolute clockwise rotation. Within Wild Horse Mesa, 33.5 Ma lavas at 5 different localities exhibit about 12.0 degrees +/- 4.6 degrees (weighted mean) clockwise rotation relative to the margins of the area, a result statistically indistinguishable from the absolute rotation. Hence the segment of the Eastern California shear zone passing through Wild Horse Mesa has caused vertical axis rotation of fault-bounded blocks as part of the overall dextral shear strain. The magnitude of block rotation at Wild Horse Mesa suggests that rotation has accommodated: 1) 1.5 km of dextral shear the area's bounding faults and 2) 2 km of extension perpendicular to the Coso Wash normal fault during this same period. This corresponds to 13-25% extension across the mesa. In contrast to Wild Horse Mesa, the opposite (western) side of the trace of the Coso Wash normal fault hosts the Coso geothermal area and what Monastero et al. [F.C. Monastero, A.M. Katzenstein, J.S. Miller, JR. Unruh, M.C. Adams, K. Richards-Dinger, The Coso geothermal field: a nascent metamorphic core complex, Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 117 (2005) 1534-1553.] characterize as a nascent metamorphic core complex. Consistent with upper plate disruption above a detachment, surface rocks (i.e. the upper plate of the detachment system) at the Coso geothermal area are tilted westward. However they appear to exhibit no detectable rotation. Thus, C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Indiana Univ Penn, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Geothermal Program Off, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pluhar, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM cpluhar@pmc.ucsc.edu OI Lewis, Jonathan/0000-0002-6986-6094 NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 250 IS 1-2 BP 134 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.07.034 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 105RV UT WOS:000242050900011 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, K. L. TI Interpreting the dynamics of nano-confined glass-formers and thin polymer films: Importance of starting from a viable theory for the bulk SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE glass transition; nanoscale confinement; thin films ID TIME-TEMPERATURE SUPERPOSITION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT POLYSTYRENE; NEUTRON SPIN-ECHO; COUPLING MODEL; VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; ROUSE MODES; DIELECTRIC RELAXATIONS; SCATTERING EXPERIMENTS AB The changes of the dynamic properties of the nanoconfined materials vary greatly depending on the nature of the interfaces, the chemical structure of the nanoconfined glass-former, the experimental methods used, and, in the case of polymers, the length-scale of the dynamics probed. Just for the glass transition temperature (T-g) alone, it can decrease, increase, or remain the same depending upon the experimental or simulation conditions. The conventional theories of T-g are unable to explain the range of behaviors seen at the nanometer size scale, and some of the theories give even conflicting predictions on the effect of small size or nanoconfinement on T-g. These problems of conventional theories orginate from the neglect or inadaquate treatment of the many-molecule relaxation, showing up already when applied to the bulk for not being able to explain some general properties of glass transition. Thus, it is not surprising to find the conventional theories fail to explain the range of behaviors of the more complicated case of materials in nanoconfinement. On the other hand, based on concepts and parameters that capture the essentials of many-molecule relaxation, the Coupling Model is not only consistent with the general properties of bulk glass-formers but can also explain the range of behaviors found in materials subjected to nanoconfinement. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ngai@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 84 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 44 IS 20 BP 2980 EP 2995 DI 10.1002/polb.20923 PG 16 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 092GL UT WOS:000241084900006 ER PT J AU Grzybowska, K Pawlus, S Mierzwa, M Paluch, M Ngai, KL AF Grzybowska, K. Pawlus, S. Mierzwa, M. Paluch, M. Ngai, K. L. TI Changes of relaxation dynamics of a hydrogen-bonded glass former after removal of the hydrogen bonds SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; PROPYLENE-GLYCOL; ALPHA-RELAXATION; FORMING LIQUIDS; SECONDARY RELAXATION; ELEVATED PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE; OLIGOMERS; CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSITION AB Dielectric relaxation spectra of two closely related glass formers, dipropylene glycol [H-(C3H6O)(2)-OH] and dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether [CH3-O-(C3H6O)(2)-CH3], were measured at ambient and elevated pressures in the supercooled and the glassy states are presented. Hydrogen bonds formed in dipropylene glycol are removed when its ends are replaced by two methyl groups to become dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether. In the process, the primary relaxation, the excess wing, and the resolved secondary relaxation of dipropylene glycol are all modified when the structure is transformed to become dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether. The modifications include the pressure and temperature dependences of these relaxation processes and their interrelations. Thus, by comparing the dielectric spectra of these two closely related glass formers at ambient and elevated pressures, the differences in the relaxation dynamics and properties in the presence and absence of hydrogen bonding are identified. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Paluch, M (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. EM kgrzybow@us.edu.pl; mpaluch@us.edu.pl NR 26 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 14 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 14 AR 144507 DI 10.1063/1.2354492 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 094OI UT WOS:000241248400040 PM 17042609 ER PT J AU Van Workum, K Gao, GT Schall, JD Harrison, JA AF Van Workum, Kevin Gao, Guangtu Schall, J. David Harrison, Judith A. TI Expressions for the stress and elasticity tensors for angle-dependent potentials SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; MONTE CARLO CALCULATIONS; SI-H SYSTEMS; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CONSTANTS; DIAMOND; HYDROCARBONS; SURFACES AB The stress and elasticity tensors for interatomic potentials that depend explicitly on bond bending and dihedral angles are derived by taking strain derivatives of the free energy. The resulting expressions can be used in Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations in the canonical and microcanonical ensembles. These expressions are particularly useful at low temperatures where it is difficult to obtain results using the fluctuation formula of Parrinello and Rahman [J. Chem. Phys. 76, 2662 (1982)]. Local elastic constants within heterogeneous and composite materials can also be calculated as a function of temperature using this method. As an example, the stress and elasticity tensors are derived for the second-generation reactive empirical bond-order potential. This potential energy function was used because it has been used extensively in computer simulations of hydrocarbon materials, including carbon nanotubes, and because it is one of the few potential energy functions that can model chemical reactions. To validate the accuracy of the derived expressions, the elastic constants for diamond and graphite and the Young's Modulus of a (10,10) single-wall carbon nanotube are all calculated at T=0 K using this potential and compared with previously published data and results obtained using other potentials. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Van Workum, K (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jah@usna.edu RI Gao, Guangtu/F-4541-2012 NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 14 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 14 AR 144506 DI 10.1063/1.2338522 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 094OI UT WOS:000241248400039 PM 17042608 ER PT J AU Wang, GM Sandberg, WC Kenny, SD AF Wang, Guan M. Sandberg, William C. Kenny, Steven D. TI Density functional study of a typical thiol tethered on a gold surface: ruptures under normal or parallel stretch SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPACE GAUSSIAN PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; GRAPHITE SURFACES; AU(111); MICROSCOPY; CLUSTERS; AGENTS AB The mechanical and dynamical properties of a model Au(111)/thiol surface system were investigated by using localized atomic-type orbital density functional theory in the local density approximation. Relaxing the system gives a configuration where the sulfur atom forms covalent bonds to two adjacent gold atoms as the lowest energy structure. Investigations based on ab initio molecular dynamics simulations at 300, 350 and 370 K show that this tethering system is stable. The rupture behaviour between the thiol and the surface was studied by displacing the free end of the thiol. Calculated energy profiles show a process of multiple successive ruptures that account for experimental observations. The process features successive ruptures of the two Au-S bonds followed by the extraction of one S-bonded Au atom from the surface. The force required to rupture the thiol from the surface was found to be dependent on the direction in which the thiol was displaced, with values comparable with AFM measurements. These results aid the understanding of failure dynamics of Au(111)-thiol-tethered biosurfaces in microfluidic devices where fluidic shear and normal forces are of concern. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Loughborough, Dept Math Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. RP Sandberg, WC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sandberg@lcp.nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD OCT 14 PY 2006 VL 17 IS 19 BP 4819 EP 4824 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/17/19/006 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 100LQ UT WOS:000241671000006 ER PT J AU Linton, MG AF Linton, M. G. TI Reconnection of nonidentical flux tubes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUASI-SEPARATRIX LAYERS; MAGNETIC NULL POINT; KINEMATIC RECONNECTION; KINK INSTABILITY; ALIGNED CURRENT; MODEL; COALESCENCE; EVOLUTION; HELICITY; LOOPS AB [ 1] An investigation of the three-dimensional reconnection of flux tubes at low twist and of flux tubes with nonequal axial fluxes is presented. This is a generalization of the earlier investigation of highly twisted, identical flux tubes in the work of Linton et al. ( 2001). This generalization is important for determining how robust the three types of reconnection found in that study are and therefore how applicable they are to common space and laboratory magnetic field interactions. It is found that the merge reconnection of low twist tubes of nonequal flux occurs much as it does for the high twist, identical flux tubes. The slingshot of low twist, identical tubes is also much the same as for high twist, identical tubes. The slingshot of tubes of unequal flux is, however, different than that of identical tubes: the smaller tube reconnects with only the outer shell of the larger tube, and so it is left hanging off the unreconnected, core flux of the larger flux tube. Finally, it is found, surprisingly, that the tunnel occurs as easily for tubes of nonequal flux as it does for identical tubes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Linton, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM linton@nrl.navy.mil NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 12 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A12 AR A12S09 DI 10.1029/2006JA011891 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 095IV UT WOS:000241302300001 ER PT J AU Niyogi, D Holt, T Zhong, S Pyle, PC Basara, J AF Niyogi, Dev Holt, Teddy Zhong, Sharon Pyle, Patrick C. Basara, Jeffery TI Urban and land surface effects on the 30 July 2003 mesoscale convective system event observed in the southern Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SOIL-MOISTURE; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; FIFE OBSERVATIONS; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; VEGETATION; HYDROLOGY; CIRCULATIONS AB The urban canopy of excess heat, water vapor, and roughness can affect the evolution of weather systems, as can land vegetative processes. High-resolution simulations were conducted using the Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS(R)) to investigate the impact of urban and land vegetation processes on the prediction of the mesoscale convective system (MCS) observed on 30 July 2003 in the vicinity of Oklahoma City (OKC), Oklahoma. The control COAMPS model (hereinafter CONTROL) used the Noah land surface model (LSM) initialized with the Eta Data Assimilation System and incorporates an urban canopy parameterization (UCP). Experiments assessed the impact of land vegetative processes by (1) adding a canopy resistance scheme including photosynthesis (GEM) to the Noah LSM and (2) replacing the UCP with a simpler urban surface characterization of roughness, albedo, and moisture availability (NOUCP). The three sets of simulations showed different behaviors for the storm event. The CONTROL simulation propagated two storm cells through the OKC urban region. The NOUCP also resulted in two cells, although the convective intensity was weaker. The GEM simulation produced one storm cell west of the downtown region, whose intensity and timing were closer to the observed. To understand the relative roles of the urban and vegetation interaction processes, a factor separation experiment was performed. The urban model improved the ability to represent the MCS, and the enhanced representation of vegetation further improved the model performance. The enhanced performance may be attributed to better representation of the urban-rural heterogeneities and improved simulation of the moisture fluxes and upstream inflow boundaries. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Climatol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Niyogi, D (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM climate@purdue.edu RI Basara, Jeffrey/A-4907-2008 OI Basara, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2096-6844 NR 59 TC 52 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 11 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D19 AR D19107 DI 10.1029/2005JD006746 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 095GQ UT WOS:000241296600001 ER PT J AU Reader, J Feldman, U Brown, CM AF Reader, Joseph Feldman, Uri Brown, Charles M. TI Measurement of wavelengths with phosphor storage image plates on a grazing incidence spectrograph SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; ENERGY-LEVELS; MO-VII; SPECTRUM; NEII; IV AB We recorded the spectra emitted by a Ne/Mg Penning discharge and by sliding spark discharges of Y and Mo in the 150-450 angstrom range with phosphor storage image plates on a 10.7 m grazing incidence spectrograph. To obtain better conformance of the image plates to the focal surface of the concave grating, the plates were mounted on the curved surface with a backing of flexible steel plates. The exposed plates were read by a rotary drum scanner. With these techniques we achieved a wavelength accuracy of approximately 0.003 angstrom. This is comparable to what is normally obtained with photographic plates on this instrument. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reader, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cbbrown@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 10 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 29 BP 7657 EP 7660 DI 10.1364/AO.45.007657 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 092GF UT WOS:000241084300015 PM 17068600 ER PT J AU Collins, G AF Collins, Gabe TI China seeks oil security with new tanker fleet SO OIL & GAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USN, War Coll, Strateg Res Dept, Newport, RI USA. RP Collins, G (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Strateg Res Dept, Newport, RI USA. EM gabe.collins@gmail.com NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74112 USA SN 0030-1388 J9 OIL GAS J JI Oil Gas J. PD OCT 9 PY 2006 VL 104 IS 38 BP 20 EP + PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 096RC UT WOS:000241393500003 ER PT J AU Boswell, CJ Berk, HL Borba, DN Johnson, T Pinches, SD Sharapov, SE AF Boswell, C. J. Berk, H. L. Borba, D. N. Johnson, T. Pinches, S. D. Sharapov, S. E. TI Observation and explanation of the JET n=0 chirping mode SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE geodesic acoustic mode; phase-space structures ID ZONAL FLOWS; PLASMAS; TOKAMAK AB Persistent rapid up and down frequency chirping modes with a toroidal mode number of zero (n = 0) have been observed in the JET tokamak when energetic ions, with a mean energy similar to 500 keV, were created by high field side ion cyclotron resonance frequency heating. This heating method enables the formation of an energetically inverted ion distribution function that allows ions to spontaneously excite the observed instability, identified as a global geodesic acoustic mode. The interpretation is that phase space structures form and interact with the fluid zonal flow to produce the pronounced frequency chirping. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Inst Super Tecn, Ctr Fusao Nucl Assoc Euratom, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. Culham Sci Ctr, EFDA Close Support Unit, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. KTH, Euratom VR Assoc, Alfven Lab, Stockholm, Sweden. EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. RP Boswell, CJ (reprint author), NSWC, Indian Head Div, Bldg 600,101 Strauss Ave, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM christopher.boswell@navy.mil RI Borba, Duarte/K-6148-2015 OI Borba, Duarte/0000-0001-5305-2857 NR 19 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD OCT 9 PY 2006 VL 358 IS 2 BP 154 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2006.05.030 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 089IO UT WOS:000240874200012 ER PT J AU Clark, TD Sastry, M Brown, C Wagner, G AF Clark, Thomas D. Sastry, Mallika Brown, Christopher Wagner, Gerhard TI Solid-phase synthesis of backbone-cyclized beta-helical peptides SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article DE alkanesulfonamide; safety-catch linker; cyclic peptide; solid-phase peptide synthesis; beta-hairpin; beta-turn; beta-helix; HPLC; gel-permeation chromatography ID SAFETY-CATCH LINKER; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURIFICATION; AMINO-ACID FLUORIDES; HYDROPHOBIC PEPTIDES; CYCLATIVE CLEAVAGE; ANALOGS; SEGMENT; CYCLIZATION; ACTIVATION; CONVENIENT AB This paper describes the synthesis and purification of two 22-residue cyclic peptides, cyclo{[(L-Val-D-Val)(4)-(L-Val-D-Pro-Gly)](2)-} 3 and cyclo{[(D-Leu-L-Leu)(4)-(D-Leu-L-Pro-Gly)](2)-} 4, that were designed to fold into double-stranded antiparallel beta-helical structures. Due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding and the conformational constraints imposed by the two reverse-turn segments (D-Pro-Gly and L-Pro-Gly, respectively), the linear precursors to 3 and 4 (lin-3 and lin-4) were expected to adopt preorganized conformations that would bring the N and C termini close together and thereby favor ring closure. Precursors lin-3 and lin-4 were constructed by stepwise Boc solid-phase peptide synthesis using the commercially available alkanesulfonamide 'safety-catch' linker and cyclized head-to-tail via the method of cleavage-by-cyclization. The crude cyclic peptides were highly hydrophobic and contained minor impurities that could not be removed solely by reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC); however, two-step purification-first by RP-HPLC with i-PrOH/water gradients, followed by gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) on Sephadex LH-20 with CHCl3/MeOH-afforded both peptides in pure form (>= 95% by H-1 NMR) and in acceptable yield (23%). Subsequent H-1 NMR experiments supported the expected structures of 3 and 4. The successful formation of the 66-membered rings of 3 and 4 is consistent with the notion of conformational preorganization in the linear precursors; furthermore, the protocols for synthesis and purification described should prove useful for preparing additional cyclic P-helical peptides, including longer peptides and peptides having polar residues. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem & Mol Pharmacol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Clark, TD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomas.clark@nrl.navy.mil NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD OCT 9 PY 2006 VL 62 IS 41 BP 9533 EP 9540 DI 10.1016/j.tet.2006.07.069 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 087ZS UT WOS:000240781900003 ER PT J AU Chen, GX Kirby, K Silver, E Brickhouse, NS Gillaspy, JD Tan, JN Pomeroy, JM Laming, JM AF Chen, G. X. Kirby, K. Silver, E. Brickhouse, N. S. Gillaspy, J. D. Tan, J. N. Pomeroy, J. M. Laming, J. M. TI The 3C/3D line ratio in Ni xix: New ab initio theory and experimental results SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-EMISSION; IA SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; BEAM ION-TRAP; FE-XVII; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; COLLISION STRENGTHS; SHOCKED EJECTA; ACTIVE-REGION; SPECTRUM; MICROCALORIMETER AB We report a fully relativistic close-coupling calculation of the electron impact excitation of Ni XIX to derive the 3C/3D line intensity ratio, with an uncertainty of 5%. Convergence of the calculation with respect to both channel coupling effects and the many interacting Rydberg series of resonances has been achieved. New measurements in an electron beam ion trap agree with our calculation. We show that the 3C/3D x-ray line ratio depends sensitively on both electron energy and beamwidth in an optically thin plasma. Accounting for this dependence improves the accuracy of the Ni abundance determination in astrophysical sources. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, GX (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 6 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 14 AR 143201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.143201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 091VT UT WOS:000241057100025 PM 17155246 ER PT J AU Drake, JF Swisdak, M Che, H Shay, MA AF Drake, J. F. Swisdak, M. Che, H. Shay, M. A. TI Electron acceleration from contracting magnetic islands during reconnection SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; SOLAR-FLARES; MAGNETOTAIL; ORBITS; LINES AB A long-standing problem in the study of space and astrophysical plasmas is to explain the production of energetic electrons as magnetic fields 'reconnect' and release energy. In the Earth's magnetosphere, electron energies reach hundreds of thousands of electron volts (refs 1 - 3), whereas the typical electron energies associated with large-scale reconnection-driven flows are just a few electron volts. Recent observations further suggest that these energetic particles are produced in the region where the magnetic field reconnects(4). In solar flares, upwards of 50 per cent of the energy released can appear as energetic electrons(5,6). Here we show that electrons gain kinetic energy by reflecting from the ends of the contracting 'magnetic islands' that form as reconnection proceeds. The mechanism is analogous to the increase of energy of a ball reflecting between two converging walls - the ball gains energy with each bounce. The repetitive interaction of electrons with many islands allows large numbers to be efficiently accelerated to high energy. The back pressure of the energetic electrons throttles reconnection so that the electron energy gain is a large fraction of the released magnetic energy. The resultant energy spectra of electrons take the form of power laws with spectral indices that match the magnetospheric observations. C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Drake, JF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM drake@plasma.umd.edu RI Shay, Michael/G-5476-2013 NR 22 TC 352 Z9 358 U1 2 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 5 PY 2006 VL 443 IS 7111 BP 553 EP 556 DI 10.1038/nature05116 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 090XO UT WOS:000240988200038 PM 17024088 ER PT J AU Wolak, MA Delcamp, J Landis, CA Lane, PA Anthony, J Kafafi, Z AF Wolak, Mason A. Delcamp, Jared Landis, Chad A. Lane, Paul A. Anthony, John Kafafi, Zakya TI High-performance organic light-emitting diodes based on dioxolane-substituted pentacene derivatives SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-TRANSFER; ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; RED EMITTERS; TRANSIENT ANALYSIS; TRIPLET EXCITONS; THIN-FILMS; ELECTROPHOSPHORESCENCE; EFFICIENCY; EMISSION; COMPLEXES AB Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) containing red-light-emitting dioxolane-substituted pentacene derivatives are fabricated and characterized. The OLEDs feature guest-host emitting layers consisting of either 6,14-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)1,3,9,11-tetraoxa-dicyclopenta[b,m]pentacene (TP-5) or 2,2,10,10-tetraethyl-6,14-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)-1,3,9,11-tetraoxadicyclopenta[b,m]pentacene (EtTP-5) dispersed in tris(quinolin-8-olato) aluminum(III) (Alq(3)). High external electroluminescence (EL) quantum efficiency (eta(EL) = 3.3 %), not far from the theoretical limit, is observed for an OLED device based on a dilute EtTP-5:Alq(3) emitting layer (0.25 mol % EtTP-5). The proposed EL mechanism is a combination of Forster energy transfer and direct electron-hole recombination on the guest pentacene molecules, as inferred by changes in the EL versus photoluminescence spectra and the positions of the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap of the guest within that of the host (estimated via cyclic voltammetry). Further evidence of charge trapping is provided by increased operational voltages at increased guest-molecule concentration. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Wolak, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kafafi@nrl.navy.mil OI Anthony, John/0000-0002-8972-1888 NR 42 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD OCT 4 PY 2006 VL 16 IS 15 BP 1943 EP 1949 DI 10.1002/adfm.200500809 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 097UB UT WOS:000241473400003 ER PT J AU Pagliusi, P Lagugne-Labarthet, F Shenoy, DK Dalcanale, E Shen, YR AF Pagliusi, Pasquale Lagugne-Labarthet, Francois Shenoy, Devanand K. Dalcanale, Enrico Shen, Y. Ron TI Sensing vase-to-kite switching of cavitands by sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, UMR 5803, LPCM, F-33405 Talence, France. Univ Calabria, CNR, INFM, LiCryL, I-87036 Calabria, Italy. Univ Calabria, Dept Fis, I-87036 Calabria, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Parma, Dipartimento Chim Organ & Ind, I-43100 Parma, Italy. INSTM, I-43100 Parma, Italy. RP Lagugne-Labarthet, F (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, UMR 5803, LPCM, F-33405 Talence, France. EM f.lagugne@lpcm.u-bordeaux1.fr; yrshen@calmail.berkeley.edu RI Dalcanale, Enrico/A-6352-2012; Pagliusi, Pasquale/J-4073-2012; OI PAGLIUSI, Pasquale/0000-0001-8077-816X; Dalcanale, Enrico/0000-0001-6964-788X NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 4 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 39 BP 12610 EP 12611 DI 10.1021/ja064158g PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 088ES UT WOS:000240795000011 PM 17002330 ER PT J AU Pisacane, VL Kuznetz, LH Logan, JS Clark, JB Wissler, EH AF Pisacane, V. L. Kuznetz, L. H. Logan, J. S. Clark, J. B. Wissler, E. H. TI Thermoregulatory models of safety-for-flight issues for space operations SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION; SYSTEM AB This study investigates the use of a mathematical model for thermoregulation as a tool in safety-of-flight issues and proposed solutions for mission operations of the Space Shuttle and the International Space Station. Specifically, this study assesses the effects of elevated cabin temperature and metabolic loads on astronauts wearing the Advanced Crew Escape Suit (ACES) and the Liquid Cooled Ventilation Garment (LCVG). The 225-node Wissler model is validated by comparison with two ground-based human subject tests, firefighters, and surrogate astronauts under anomalous conditions that show good agreement. Subsequent simulations indicate that the performance of the ACES/LCVG is marginal. Increases in either workload or cabin temperature from the nominal will increase rectal temperature, stored heat load, heart rate, and sweating leading to possible deficits in the ability of the astronauts to perform cognitive and motor tasks that could affect the safety of the mission, especially the safe landing of the Shuttle. Specific relationships are given between cabin temperature and metabolic rate that define the threshold for decreased manual dexterity and loss of tracking skills. Model results indicate that the most effective mitigation strategy would be to decrease the LCVG inlet temperature. Methods of accomplishing this are also proposed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Occupat Med Branch, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Natl Space Biomed Res Inst, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Pisacane, VL (reprint author), USN Acad, Mail Stop 11B,590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM pisacane@usna.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 59 IS 7 BP 531 EP 546 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.04.007 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 073AV UT WOS:000239715500003 ER PT J AU Peeler, DP AF Peeler, David P. TI Radical art: Printmaking and the left in 1930s New York. SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Peeler, DP (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HISTORICAL REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA 400 A ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 USA SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 111 IS 4 BP 1210 EP 1210 DI 10.1086/ahr.111.4.1210 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 097UA UT WOS:000241473300100 ER PT J AU Thompson, LV AF Thompson, Larry V. TI The German way of war: From the Thirty Years' War to the Third Reich. SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Thompson, LV (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HISTORICAL REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA 400 A ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 USA SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 111 IS 4 BP 1268 EP 1269 DI 10.1086/ahr.111.4.1268 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 097UA UT WOS:000241473300163 ER PT J AU Monteville, MR Riddle, MS Baht, U Putnam, SD Frenck, RW Brooks, K Moustafa, M Bland, J Sanders, JW AF Monteville, Marshall R. Riddle, Mark S. Baht, Usha Putnam, Shannon D. Frenck, Robert W. Brooks, Kenneth Moustafa, Manal Bland, Jaime Sanders, John W. TI Incidence, etiology, and impact of diarrhea among deployed US military personnel in support of operation Iraqi freedom and operation enduring freedom SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID GM1-ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; DISEASE; TOXIN; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATIONS; AFGHANISTAN; ILLNESS AB A health assessment survey was collected from US military personnel deployed to the Middle East taking part in the "Rest and Recuperation" program or on temporary assignment to Camp As Sayliyah Doha, Qatar, from January to December 2004. In addition, a concurrent clinic-based observational study was conducted to determine pathogen etiology and potential risk factors. From 28,322 health assessment surveys, overall self-reported incidence of diarrhea was 4.9 cases per 100 person-months. Disease incidence increased with rank and was higher in Iraq compared with Afghanistan. During this period, 109 US military personnel with acute diarrhea and 85 asymptomatic personnel were enrolled in the observational study. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) was the predominant pathogen (32%), followed by enteroaggregative E. coli (12%) and Salmonella spp. (6%). These data are consistent with previous reports implicating ETEC as the primary cause of acute diarrhea for military personnel deployed to this region. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. USA, Cent Command Troop Med Clin, Doha, Qatar. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Monteville, MR (reprint author), NAMRU-3 PSC 452 Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. EM montevillem@namru3.med.navy.mil; riddlem@namru3.med.navy.mil; ubhatuk@yahoo.co.uk; putnam@namru2.org; rfrenck@uclacvr.labiomed.org; Kenneth.s.brooks@us.army.mil; manalm@namru3.med.navy.mil; Jaime.Bland@qatar.army.mil; jwsanders@Bethesda.med.navy.mil RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 75 IS 4 BP 762 EP 767 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 094BM UT WOS:000241214100033 PM 17038708 ER PT J AU Jones, JR Carstaris, KL Tanen, DA AF Jones, J. R. Carstaris, K. L. Tanen, D. A. TI Urinalysis is not reliable to detect a urinary tract infection (UTI) in febrile infants presenting to the emergency department SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT 15-16, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Coll Emergency Physicians C1 NMCSD, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 4 SU S MA 197 BP S61 EP S61 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 090NQ UT WOS:000240958400200 ER PT J AU Park, CW Lockette, W AF Park, C. W. Lockette, W. TI Susceptibility to asthma: Could it be a water channel problem? SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT 15-16, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Coll Emergency Physicians C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 4 SU S MA 24 BP S8 EP S8 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 090NQ UT WOS:000240958400025 ER PT J AU Earley, AS Pryor, JP Kim, PK Hedrick, JH Kurichi, JE Minogue, AC Sonnad, SS Reilly, PM Schwab, CW AF Earley, Angela S. Pryor, John P. Kim, Patrick K. Hedrick, Joseph H. Kurichi, Jibby E. Minogue, Amy C. Sonnad, Seema S. Reilly, Patrick M. Schwab, C. W. TI An acute care surgery model improves outcomes in patients with appendicitis SO ANNALS OF SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 126th Annual Meeting of the American-Surgical-Association CY APR 20-22, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Surg Assoc ID TRAUMA SURGEONS; EMERGENCY-SURGERY; FUTURE TRAUMA; DIAGNOSIS; SERVICE; DELAY AB Objective: To compare outcomes of appendectomy in an Acute Care Surgery (ACS) model to that of a traditional home-call attending surgeon model. Summary Background Data: Acute care surgery (ACS, a combination of trauma surgery, emergency surgery, and surgical critical care) has been proposed as a practice model for the future of general surgery. To date, there are few data regarding outcomes of surgical emergencies in the ACS model. Methods: Between September 1999 and August 2002, surgical emergencies were staffed at the faculty level by either an in-house trauma/ emergency surgeon (ACS model) or a non-trauma general surgeon taking home call (traditional [TRAD] model). Coverage alternated monthly. Other aspects of hospital care, including resident complement, remained unchanged. We retrospectively reviewed key time intervals (emergency department [ED] presentation to surgical consultation; surgical consultation to operation [OR]; and ED presentation to OR) and outcomes (rupture rate, negative appendectomy rate, complication rate, and hospital length of stay [LOS]) for patients treated in the ACS and TRAD models. Questions of interest were examined using chi(2) tests for discrete variables and independent sample t test for comparison of means. Results: During the study period, 294 appendectomies were performed. In-house ACS surgeons performed 167 procedures, and the home-call TRAD surgeons performed 127 procedures. No difference was found in the time from ED presentation to surgical consultation; however, the time interval from consultation to OR was significantly decreased in the ACS model (TRAD 7.6 hours vs. ACS 3.5 hours, P < 0.05). As a result, the total time from ED presentation to OR was significantly shorter in the ACS model (TRAD 14.0 hours vs. ACS 10.1 hour, P < 0.05). Rupture rates were decreased in the ACS model (TRAD 23.3% vs. ACS 12.3%, P < 0.05); negative appendectomy rates were similar. The complication rate in the ACS model was decreased (TRAD 17.4% vs. ACS 7.7%, P < 0.05), as was the hospital LOS (TRAD 3.5 days vs. ACS 2.3 days, P < 0.001). Conclusions: In patients with acute appendicitis, the presence of an in-house acute care surgeon significantly decreased the time to operation, rupture rate, complication rate, and hospital length of stay. The ACS model appears to improve outcomes of acute appendicitis compared with a TRAD home-call model. This study supports the efficacy and efficiency of the ACS model in the management of surgical emergencies. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Earley, AS (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM angela.earley@mar.med.navy.mil NR 19 TC 118 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-4932 J9 ANN SURG JI Ann. Surg. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 244 IS 4 BP 498 EP 504 DI 10.1097/01.sla.0000237756.86181.50 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 094QU UT WOS:000241254900003 PM 16998358 ER PT J AU Mahalanobis, A Van Nevel, A AF Mahalanobis, Abhijit Van Nevel, Alan TI Integrated approach for automatic target recognition using a network of collaborative sensors SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATION FILTERS; DISCRIMINANT FUNCTIONS AB We introduce what is believed to be a novel concept by which several sensors with automatic target recognition (ATR) capability collaborate to recognize objects. Such an approach would be suitable for netted systems in which the sensors and platforms can coordinate to optimize end-to-end performance. We use correlation filtering techniques to facilitate the development of the concept, although other ATR algorithms may be easily substituted. Essentially, a self-configuring geometry of netted platforms is proposed that positions the sensors optimally with respect to each other, and takes into account the interactions among the sensor, the recognition algorithms, and the classes of the objects to be recognized. We show how such a paradigm optimizes overall performance, and illustrate the collaborative ATR scheme for recognizing targets in synthetic aperture radar imagery by using viewing position as a sensor parameter. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Missiles & Fire Control, Orlando, FL USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Dept Res,Sensor & Signals Sci Div,Imag Signal Pro, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Mahalanobis, A (reprint author), Missiles & Fire Control, Lockhee Martin,5600 Sand Lake Rd, Orlando, FL USA. EM abhijit.mahalanobis@lmco.com NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 28 BP 7365 EP 7374 DI 10.1364/AO.45.007365 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 089MZ UT WOS:000240886000023 PM 16983426 ER PT J AU Swift, MR Fredriksson, DW Unrein, A Fullertonc, B Patursson, O Baldwin, K AF Swift, M. Robinson Fredriksson, David W. Unrein, Alexander Fullertonc, Brett Patursson, Oystein Baldwin, Kenneth TI Drag force acting on biofouled net panels SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE drag force; drag coefficient; biofouling; nets; net-pens; net panels; cages; tow tank AB Measurements were made to assess the increase in drag on aquaculture cage netting due to biofouling. Drag force was obtained by towing net panels, perpendicular to the incident flow, in experiments conducted in a tow tank and in the field. The net panels were fabricated from netting stretched within a I m 2 pipe frame. They were towed at various speeds, and drag force was measured using a bridle-pulley arrangement terminating in a load cell. The frame without netting was also drag tested so that net-only results could be obtained by subtracting out the frame contribution. Measurements of drag force and velocity were processed to yield drag coefficients. Clean nets were drag tested in the University of New Hampshire (UNH) 36.5 m long tow tank. Nets were then exposed to biofouling during the summer of 2004 at the UNH open ocean aquaculture demonstration site 1.6 km south of the Isles of Shoals, New Hampshire, U.S.A. Nine net panels were recovered on 6 October 2004 and immediately drag tested at sea to minimize disturbing the fouling communities. The majority of the growth was skeleton shrimp (Caprella sp.) with some colonial hydroids (Tubularia sp.), blue mussels (Mytilus edulus) and rock borer clams (Hiatella actica). Since the deployment depth was 15 m (commensurate with submerged cages at the site), no algae were present. The net panels had been subject to several different antifouling treatments, so the extent of growth varied amongst the panels. Drag force measurements were made using a bridle-pulley-load cell configuration similar to that employed in the tow tank. Fixtures and instruments were mounted on an unpowered catamaran that was towed alongside a workboat. Thus, the catamaran served as the "carriage" for field measurements. Increases in net-only drag coefficient varied from 6 to 240% of the clean net values. The maximum biofouled net drag coefficient was 0.599 based on net outline area. Biofouled drag coefficients generally increased with solidity (projected area of blockage divided by outline area) and volume of growth. There was, however, considerable scatter attributed in part to different mixes of species present. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Jere A Chase Ocean Engn Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Faroe Islands, Fac Sci & Technol, FO-100 Torshavn, Faroe Islands, England. RP Swift, MR (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mech Engn, Kingsbury Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM mrswift@cisunix.unh.edu NR 14 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 3 BP 292 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2006.03.002 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 089SD UT WOS:000240900100008 ER PT J AU Fleming, B AF Fleming, Bruce TI Deeply dug in. SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fleming, B (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 33 IS 1 BP 127 EP 129 DI 10.1177/0095327X06291350 PG 3 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 135SK UT WOS:000244173100008 ER PT J AU Lin, J Mancuso, S Vourlidas, A AF Lin, Jun Mancuso, Salvatore Vourlidas, Angelos TI Theoretical investigation of the onsets of type II radio bursts during solar eruptions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : flares; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : radio radiation ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; RECONNECTING CURRENT SHEETS; RAY FLARE EMISSION; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; FLUX-ROPE; CHROMOSPHERIC EVAPORATION; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; HEATING MECHANISMS; LIGHT CURVES; SHOCK-WAVES AB On the basis of previous works, we investigated coronal mass ejection (CME) propagations and the consequent type II radio bursts invoked by the CME-driven shocks. The results indicate that the onset of type II bursts depends on the local Alfven speed (or the magnetoacoustic wave speed in the non-force-free environment), which is governed by both the magnetic field and the plasma density. This determines that the type II burst cannot appear at any altitude. Instead, its onset positions can never be lower than a critical height for the given coronal environment, which consequently determines the start frequencies of the emission: for an eruption taking place in the magnetic configuration with a background field of 100 G, the onset of type II bursts should occur at around 0.5 R(circle dot) from the solar surface, and the corresponding start frequency of the fundamental component is about 150 MHz. This result is consistent with similar estimates based on observations that bring the corresponding frequency to a few hundred MHz. Our results further indicate that the onset of type II bursts depends on the rate of magnetic reconnection as well. When magnetic reconnection during the eruption is not fast enough, a type II burst may not occur at all even if the associated CME is fast ( say, faster than 800 km s(-1)). This may account for the fast and radio-quiet CMEs. Related to these results, properties of the associated solar flares and type III radio bursts, especially those used as the precursors of the type II radio bursts, are also discussed. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Yunnan Astron Observ, Natl Astron Observ China, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, Peoples R China. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Solar Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lin, J (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Yunnan Astron Observ, Natl Astron Observ China, POB 110, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, Peoples R China. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; LIN, JUN/B-9890-2017 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; NR 73 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 649 IS 2 BP 1110 EP 1123 DI 10.1086/506599 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 089BF UT WOS:000240854200050 ER PT J AU Morgan, CA Doran, A Steffian, G Hazlett, G Southwick, SM AF Morgan, Charles A., III Doran, Anthony Steffian, George Hazlett, Gary Southwick, Steven M. TI Stress-induced deficits in working memory and visuo-constructive abilities in special operations soldiers SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE cognition; dissociation; military performance; survival school; pre-frontal cortex; trauma exposure ID OSTERRIETH COMPLEX FIGURE; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; UNCONTROLLABLE STRESS; DOPAMINE-RECEPTORS; DISORDER; PERFORMANCE; CORTISOL; NOREPINEPHRINE; PRODUCTIONS AB Background. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown acute stress may impair working memory and visuo-spatial ability. This study was designed to clarify the nature of stress-induced cognitive deficits in soldiers and how such deficits may contribute to operational or battlefield errors. Methods: One hundred eighty four Special Operations warfighters enrolled in Survival School completed pre-stress measures of dissociation and trauma exposure. Subjects were randomized to one of three assessment groups (Pre-stress, Stress, Post-stress) and were administered the Rey Ostereith Complex Figure (ROCF). All subjects completed post-stress measures of dissociation. Results: ROCF copy and recall were normal in the Pre- and Post-stress groups. ROCF copy and recall were significantly impaired in the Stress Group. Stress group ROCF copy performance was piecemeal, and ROCF recall was impaired. Symptoms of dissociation were negatively associated with ROCF recall in the Stress group. Baseline dissociation and history of traumatic stress predicted cognitive impairment during stress. Conclusions: Stress exposure impaired visuo-spatial capacity and working memory. In rats, monkeys, and humans, high dopamine and NE turnover in the PFC induce deficits in cognition and spatial working memory. Improved understanding of stress-induced cognitive deficits may assist in identification of soldiers at risk and lead to the development of better countermeasures. C1 VA Connecticut Healthcare Syst, Natl Ctr PTSD, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. USN, Fleet Aviat Specialized Operat Training Grp, Atlantic Fleet, Air Stn, Brunswick, ME USA. JFK Special Warfare Training Ctr & Sch, Ft Bragg, NC USA. RP Morgan, CA (reprint author), VA Connecticut Healthcare Syst, Natl Ctr PTSD, 116A, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. EM charles.a.morgan@yale.edu NR 44 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 5 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 60 IS 7 BP 722 EP 729 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.04.021 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 090TB UT WOS:000240973300009 PM 16934776 ER PT J AU Montgomery, MT Bell, MM Aberson, SD Black, ML AF Montgomery, Michael T. Bell, Michael M. Aberson, Sim D. Black, Michael L. TI Hurricane Isabel (2003): New insights into the physics of intense storms. Part I - Mean vortex structure and maximum intensity estimates SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEA INTERACTION THEORY; TROPICAL CYCLONES; EYE DYNAMICS; BONNIE 1998; INNER-CORE; MESOVORTICES; LAYER; SIMULATION; ENERGETICS; STABILITY AB An unprecedented observational analysis of a category-5 hurricane suggests a mechanism by which high-entropy air inside the low-level eye can sustain the storm at an intensity above the currently formulated upper bound for tangential wind speed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. RP Montgomery, MT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd,Root Hall, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mtmontgo@nps.edu RI Bell, Michael/B-1144-2009; Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013; Black, Michael/C-3250-2014 OI Bell, Michael/0000-0002-0496-331X; Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100; Black, Michael/0000-0001-9528-2888 NR 44 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1335 EP 1347 DI 10.1175/BAMS-87-10-1335 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098HU UT WOS:000241512400012 ER PT J AU Aberson, SD Montgomery, MT Bell, M Black, M AF Aberson, Sim D. Montgomery, Michael T. Bell, Michael Black, Michael TI Hurricane Isabel (2003): New insights into the physics of intense storms. Part II - Extreme localized wind SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; EYEWALL; BUOYANCY; RADAR AB A dropwindsonde released into a misoscale feature on the inner edge of the eyewall of Hurricane Isabel measured the strongest documented horizontal wind in a tropical cyclone, consistent with the mechanism described in Part I. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. RP Aberson, SD (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM sim.aberson@noaa.gov RI Bell, Michael/B-1144-2009; Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013; Black, Michael/C-3250-2014 OI Bell, Michael/0000-0002-0496-331X; Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100; Black, Michael/0000-0001-9528-2888 NR 20 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1349 EP 1354 DI 10.1175/BAMS-87-10-1349 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098HU UT WOS:000241512400013 ER PT J AU Tripp, MS Prahl, J Stafford, C Amundson, D AF Tripp, Michael S. Prahl, James Stafford, Christopher Amundson, Dennis TI Conventional community-acquired pneumonia severity prediction tools do not predict disease severity in young adults SO CHEST LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT CHEST 2006 Conference CY OCT 21-26, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD OCT PY 2006 VL 130 IS 4 SU S BP 105S EP 105S PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 095DI UT WOS:000241288000080 ER PT J AU Grassi, FT Stafford, C AF Grassi, Frank T. Stafford, Christopher TI The use of spirometry to screen patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk factors at a military treatment facility SO CHEST LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT CHEST 2006 Conference CY OCT 21-26, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD OCT PY 2006 VL 130 IS 4 SU S BP 174S EP 174S PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 095DI UT WOS:000241288000318 ER PT J AU Neta, B AF Neta, Beny TI Variational data assimilation and optimal control - Preface SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material ID METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; ADVECTION SCHEMES; ALGORITHMS; EQUATION; ADJOINT; CONTEXT; MODEL C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Neta, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Code MA-ND, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM byneta@gmail.com RI Neta, Beny/B-1737-2009 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 52 IS 8-9 BP XIII EP XV DI 10.1016/j.camwa.2006.11.001 PG 3 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 137FB UT WOS:000244277300001 ER PT J AU Giraldo, FX AF Giraldo, F. X. TI Hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian semi-implicit time-integrators SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE backward difference formula; operator-integration factor splitting; shallow water equations; semi-implicit; semi-Lagrangian; spectral element method ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHODS; SPECTRAL ELEMENT; SCHEME; GRIDS; MODELS AB Hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian semi-implicit time-integrators (HELSI) are presented which use the standard semi-implicit formulation as their starting point. The advantage of such an approach is that existing models which employ Eulerian semi-implicit time-integrators can easily be augmented to use the HELSI approach, that is, provided that either: a series of advection problems can be solved efficiently as in the operator-integration-factor splitting (OIFS) method or that the grid and underlying numerics allow the construction of efficient search and interpolation stencils typically required of semi-Lagrangian methods. Once the advection problem is solved the approach then follows the standard semi-implicit approach. An important caveat of this approach is that the semi-implicit time-integrator must be constructed around the implicit backward difference formulas. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Giraldo, FX (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM fxgirald@nps.edu NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 52 IS 8-9 BP 1325 EP 1342 DI 10.1016/j.camwa.2006.11.009 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 137FB UT WOS:000244277300011 ER PT J AU Todd, CS Alibayeva, G Sanchez, JL Bautista, CT Carr, JK Earhart, KC AF Todd, Catherine S. Alibayeva, Gulchaekra Sanchez, Jose L. Bautista, Christian T. Carr, Jean K. Earhart, Kenneth C. TI Utilization of contraception and abortion and its relationship to HIV infection among female sex workers in Tashkent, Uzbekistan SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Article DE female sex workers; sexually transmitted infection; HIV risk factors; contraception; pregnancy termination ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; DRUG-USE; RISK; WOMEN; TRANSMISSION; CAMBODIA; CLIENTS AB Objective: This study aimed to describe reported contraceptive and abortion utilization and their relationship to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among female sex workers (FSW) in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, women were recruited through outreach workers affiliated with Istiqbolli Avlod. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire and underwent HIV testing. Results: Of 448 participants, the majority (86.2%, n=386) used contraception; 39.6% reported inconsistent use. Methods most frequently utilized were condoms (50.9%) and intrauterine devices (16.1%). One fourth (24.3%, n=109) reported multiple (>= 3) prior abortions. Inconsistent contraceptive users were more likely to be infected with HIV (AOR=2.72, 95% CI=1.19-6.22), but such infection was not related to a specific contraceptive method, including condoms, or utilization of abortion. Conclusions: Inconsistent contraceptive use is common and may be a predictor of HIV infection among Tashkent FSW. Factors preventing consistent contraceptive use may be related to HIV risk and require further study in this population. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Div Int Hlth & Cross Cultural Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Minist Hlth, Tashkent 700011, Uzbekistan. US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo 09853, Egypt. RP Todd, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Div Int Hlth & Cross Cultural Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM cstodd@ucsd.edu RI Bautista, Christian/B-2812-2011 NR 25 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 BP 318 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2006.04.006 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 092LU UT WOS:000241099200010 PM 16982233 ER PT J AU Read, TD Ussery, DW AF Read, Timothy D. Ussery, David W. TI Opening the pan-genomics box - Editorial overview SO CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BACTERIAL GENOME; NETWORKS; GENES C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Read, TD (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM readt@nmrc.navy.mil; Dave@cbs.dtu.dk RI Read, Timothy/E-6240-2011 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5274 J9 CURR OPIN MICROBIOL JI Curr. Opin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 9 IS 5 BP 496 EP 498 DI 10.1016/j.mib.2006.08.010 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 100AL UT WOS:000241639400009 ER PT J AU Raman, RKS Bayles, R AF Raman, RKS Bayles, R TI Detection of decohesion/failure of paint/coating using electronic speckle pattern interferometry SO ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE electronic speckle pattern interferometry; decohesion of paints/coatings; white noise; acoustic excitation AB Corrosion resistance of various industrial components depend on the performance of paints and coatings. An early and accurate detection of decohesion of paints/coatings is invaluable in proper maintenance of the coated components. Recent advances in the electronic speckle pattern interferometry provide capabilities of sensitive and precise detection of out-of-plane displacements. This paper presents recent laboratory results investigating the application of ESPI as a non-contact and non-destructive technique in detection of decohesion of some typical industrial paints for naval applications. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Monash Univ, Dept Mech & Chem Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Raman, RKS (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Mech & Chem Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. EM raman.singh@eng.monash.edu.au NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-6307 J9 ENG FAIL ANAL JI Eng. Fail. Anal. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 13 IS 7 BP 1051 EP 1056 DI 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2005.07.013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 052CT UT WOS:000238209400003 ER PT J AU Lin, KY AF Lin, Kyle Y. TI Dynamic pricing with real-time demand learning SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE pricing; dynamic pricing; forecasting; learning; revenue management ID AIRLINE YIELD-MANAGEMENT; INVENTORY MANAGEMENT; PERISHABLE PRODUCTS; REVENUE MANAGEMENT; STOCHASTIC DEMAND; LOST SALES; OVERBOOKING; PRICES; MODELS AB In many service industries, the firm adjusts the product price dynamically by taking into account the current product inventory and the future demand distribution. Because the firm can easily monitor the product inventory, the success of dynamic pricing relies on an accurate demand forecast, In this paper, we consider a situation where the firm does not have an accurate demand forecast, but can only roughly estimate the customer arrival rate before the sale begins. As the sale moves forward, the firm uses real-time sales data to fine-tune this arrival rate estimation. We show how the firm can first use this modified arrival rate estimation to forecast the future demand distribution with better precision, and then use the new information to dynamically adjust the product price in order to maximize the expected total revenue. Numerical study shows that this strategy not only is nearly optimal, but also is robust when the true customer arrival rate is much different from the original forecast. Finally, we extend the results to four situations commonly encountered in practice: unobservable lost customers, time dependent arrival rate, batch demand, and discrete set of allowable prices. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lin, KY (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM kylin@nps.edu OI Lin, Kyle/0000-0002-3769-1891 NR 20 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 174 IS 1 BP 522 EP 538 DI 10.1016/j.ejor.2005.01.041 PG 17 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 066TI UT WOS:000239252600036 ER PT J AU Sutton, JA Driscoll, JF AF Sutton, Jeffrey A. Driscoll, James F. TI A method to simultaneously image two-dimensional mixture fraction, scalar dissipation rate, temperature and fuel consumption rate fields in a turbulent non-premixed jet flame SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; GAMMA(0,0) ABSORPTION-LINES; DIFFUSION FLAMES; NITRIC-OXIDE; RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; CROSS-SECTIONS; PASSIVE SCALAR; SHEAR FLOWS; AIR FLAMES AB A new imaging technique was developed that provides two-dimensional images of the mixture fraction (xi), scalar dissipation rate (chi), temperature (T), and fuel consumption rate ((omega) over circleT) in a turbulent non-premixed jet flame. The new method is based on "seeding" nitric oxide (NO) into a particular carbon monoxide-air flame in which it remains passive. It is first demonstrated that the mass fraction of NO is a conserved scalar in the present carbon monoxide-air flame configuration, using both laminar flame calibration experiments and computations with full chemistry. Simultaneous planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and planar Rayleigh scattering temperature imaging allow a quantitative determination of the local NO mass fraction and hence mixture fraction in the turbulent jet flame. The instantaneous mixture fraction fields in conjunction with the local temperature fields are then used to determine quantitative scalar dissipation rate fields. Advantages of the present technique include an improved signal-to-noise ratio over previous Raman scattering techniques, improved accuracy near the stoichiometric contour because simplifying chemistry assumptions are not required, and the ability to measure xi and chi in flames experiencing localized extinction. However, the method of measuring xi based on the passive NO is restricted to dry carbon monoxide-air flames due to the well-controlled flame chemistry. Sample imaging results for xi, chi, T, and (omega) over circle are presented that show high levels of signal-to-noise while resolving the smallest mixing scales of the turbulent flowfield. The application, accuracy, and limitations of the present technique are discussed. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Sutton, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.sutton@nrl.navy.mil NR 68 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD OCT PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 603 EP 627 DI 10.1007/s00348-006-0185-y PG 25 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 082OS UT WOS:000240396800006 ER PT J AU Ngundi, MM Kulagina, NV Anderson, GP Taitt, CR AF Ngundi, Miriam M. Kulagina, Nodezhda V. Anderson, George P. Taitt, Chris R. TI Nonantibody-based recognition: alternative molecules for detection of pathogens SO EXPERT REVIEW OF PROTEOMICS LA English DT Review DE alternative recognition; antimicrobial peptide; aptamer; cell-based assays; combinatorial carbohydrate; combinatorial peptide; detection; molecular imprinting; phage display; receptor-based assays ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; CELL-BASED BIOSENSOR; CULTURED NEURONAL NETWORKS; PARALYTIC SHELLFISH TOXINS; CHOLERA-TOXIN; IMPRINTED POLYMERS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IN-VITRO; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; FISH CHROMATOPHORES AB Immunoassays have been well established for many years as the cornerstone of detection technologies. These assays are sensitive, selective and, in general, highly resistant to interference from complex sample matrices when compared with nucleic acid-based tests. However, both antibody- and nucleic acid-based detection systems require a priori knowledge of the target and development of specific reagents; multiplexed assays con become increasingly problematic when attempting to detect a plethora of different targets, the identities of which are unknown. In an effort to circumvent many of the limitations inherent in these conventional assays, other recognition reagents are being explored as alternatives, or indeed as adjuncts, to antibodies for pathogen and toxin detection. This article will review a number of different recognition systems ranging in complexity from small molecules, such as nucleic-acid aptamers, carbohydrates and peptides, to systems as highly complicated as whole cells and organisms. All of these alternative systems have tremendous potential to achieve superior sensitivity, selectivity, and stability, but are also subject to their own limitations, which are also discussed. In short, while in its infancy, this field holds great promise for the development of rapid, fieldable assays that are highly complementary to existing antibody- and nucleic acid-based technologies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Covance, Vienna, VA 22182 USA. US FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM crtaitt@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 112 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 33 PU FUTURE DRUGS LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1478-9450 J9 EXPERT REV PROTEOMIC JI Expert Rev. Proteomics PD OCT PY 2006 VL 3 IS 5 BP 511 EP 524 DI 10.1586/14789450.3.5.511 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 136PC UT WOS:000244235600017 PM 17078765 ER PT J AU Knutson, EM AF Knutson, Elizabeth M. TI Thinking in English, writing in French SO FRENCH REVIEW LA English DT Article ID COMPOSING PROCESSES; 2ND-LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY; FIRST LANGUAGE; WRITERS; STRATEGIES; CLASSROOM; L1; STUDENTS C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Knutson, EM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC TEACHERS FRENCH PI CARBONDALE PA MAILCODE 4510, SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-4510 USA SN 0016-111X J9 FR REV JI Fr. Rev. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 80 IS 1 BP 88 EP 109 PG 22 WC Literature, Romance SC Literature GA 096GH UT WOS:000241365100006 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Landi, E Doschek, GA AF Feldman, U. Landi, E. Doschek, G. A. TI Critical datasets for benchmarking atomic codes: Calibrated line intensities emitted by well-diagnosed solar plasmas SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Observed spectra; Spectral code benchmarking AB The accuracy of available spectral codes is dependent on the quality of the atomic data and transition rates that they include, and can only be tested by benchmarking predicted line emissivities with observations from plasmas whose physical properties are known with precision. In the present work we describe a few high-resolution spectra emitted by solar flare plasmas under condition of ionization equilibrium, and one quiet Sun off-disk region spectrum, and we propose these datasets as benchmarks for the assessment of the accuracy of existing spectral codes in the 1.84-1.90 angstrom and 3.17-3.22 angstrom X-ray ranges and in the 500-1600 angstrom far ultraviolet range. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Feldman, U.; Landi, E.] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Feldman, U.; Landi, E.; Doschek, G. A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM landi@poppeo.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 EI 1878-0563 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 2 IS 3-4 BP 104 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2006.07.002 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA V38YI UT WOS:000209378300007 ER PT J AU Lazaro, AM Steiner, NK Cao, K Slack, R Chen, S Xiao, Y Beduhn, E Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK AF Lazaro, Ana M. Steiner, Noriko K. Cao, Kai Slack, Rebecca Chen, S. Xiao, Yi Beduhn, Elizabeth Ng, Jennifer Hartzman, Robert J. Hurley, Carolyn K. TI Seeking DRB1*1206 in four US population groups SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Histocompatibility-and-Immunogenetics CY OCT 16-20, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Histocompatibil & Immunogenet C1 Georgetown Univ, CW Bill Young Marrow Donor Res & Recruitment Prog, Washington, DC USA. Natl Marrow Donor Program, Sci Serv, Minneapolis, MN USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, CW Bill Young Marrow Donor Program, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 67 IS 10 SU 1 BP S157 EP S157 DI 10.1016/j.humimm.2006.08.248 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 101OZ UT WOS:000241751400229 ER PT J AU Ghosh, D De, A Taylor, MC Sarkar, TK Wicks, MC Mokole, EL AF Ghosh, Debalina De, Arijit Taylor, Mary C. Sarkar, Tapan K. Wicks, Michael C. Mokole, Eric L. TI Transmission and reception by ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE traveling-wave antennas; time domain analysis; dynamic response; antenna transient analysis; transient response; resistance; loaded antennas; pulse excited antennas; electromagnetic transient analysis; reciprocity; wideband antennas; ultrawideband antennas; log periodic antennas; spiral antennas; Vivaldi antennas; dipole antennas; horn antennas; biconical antennas; volcano smoke antennas; diamond dipole antennas; helical antennas; ridged horn antennas; bowtie antennas ID CYLINDRICAL ANTENNA; SIGNAL ENHANCEMENT; TIME-DOMAIN; PULSE; ADAPTIVITY AB Broadband antennas are very useful in many applications because they operate over a wide range of frequencies. The objective of this paper is to study the transient responses of various well-known antennas over broad frequency ranges. As such, the phase responses of these antennas as a function of frequency are of great interest. In the ensuing analysis, each antenna is excited by a monocycle pulse. Many antennas show resonant properties, and numerous reflections exist in the antennas' outputs. The first part of this paper deals with ways of converting various resonating antennas to traveling-wave antennas by using resistive loading. Appropriate loading increases the bandwidth of operation of the antennas. However, the drawback is the additional loss in the load applied to the antenna structure, leading to a loss of efficiency to around fifty percent. However, some of the antennas are inherently broadband, up to a 100:1 bandwidth. Hence, the transient responses of these antennas can be used to determine their suitability for wideband applications with a low cutoff frequency. The second part of the paper illustrates the radiation and reception properties of various conventional ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas in the time domain. An antenna's transient response can be used to determine the suitability of the antenna in wideband applications. C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. AFRL, SN, Rome, NY 13441 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ghosh, D (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, 121 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM deghosh@syr.edu; ade@syr.edu; cannella@syr.edu; tksarkar@syr.edu; michael.wicks@rl.af.mil; eric.mokole@nrl.navy.mil NR 53 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 5 BP 67 EP 99 DI 10.1109/MAP.2006.277157 PG 33 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 108RE UT WOS:000242256100008 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Krogager, E Ainsworth, TL Boerner, WM AF Lee, Jong-Sen Krogager, Ernst Ainsworth, Thomas L. Boerner, Wolfgang-Martin TI Polarimetric analysis of radar signature of a manmade structure SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR); radar polarimetry; radar target signature ID SAR DATA; DECOMPOSITION; MODEL AB Identification of manmade structures from radar images has always been a difficult task, especially for single-polarization radar. Fully polarimetric radar, however, can provide detailed information on scattering mechanisms that could enable, the target or the structure to be identified. Complexity remains stemming from overlaps of single-bounce scattering, double-bounce scattering, and triple- and higher order bounce scattering from various components of a manmade structure, which makes physical interpretation a challenge. In this letter, an interesting example using polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) data of the Great Belt Bridge, Denmark, was presented to illustrate the capability of PolSAR in analyzing radar signatures. Polarimetric target decomposition, is used to differentiate the multiple-bounce scatterings contained in the PolSAR images. Two C-band Danish EMISAR data takes, with the first obtained during the bridge's construction and the second after its completion, are used to extract the scattering characteristics of the bridge deck, bridge cables, and supporting structures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Danish Def Res Estab, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lee@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; ek@ddre.dk; wolfgang.m.boerner@uic.ed NR 9 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 3 IS 4 BP 555 EP 559 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2006.879564 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 097WA UT WOS:000241478900027 ER PT J AU Haus, BK Ramos, RJ Graber, HC Shay, LK Hallock, ZR AF Haus, Brian K. Ramos, Rafael J. Graber, Hans C. Shay, Lynn K. Hallock, Zachariah R. TI Remote observation of the spatial variability of surface waves interacting with an estuarine outflow SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Radiowave Oceanography Workshop CY 2004 CL N Queensland, AUSTRALIA DE coastal currents; high-frequency (HF) radar; shoaling; wave refraction ID HIGH-FREQUENCY RADAR; HF RADAR; CURRENTS; RELAXATION; REFRACTION; SPECTRA; FLORIDA; SEA AB This paper explores the application of phased-array high-frequency (HF) radars to identify locations of enhanced local waveheights. Measurements of the near-surface current velocities and waveheights were obtained from HF radars deployed near the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay in the fall of 1997. The radar-derived near-surface velocities were compared with the upper bin (2-m depth) of four upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs). The slopes of the linear correlations were close to one and the root-mean-square (rms) differences were similar to previous studies. Significant waveheight (Hs) estimates from both radars were compared with a laser height gauge. The largest differences were observed during low winds due to overestimates at one of the radar stations and during storms when the laser measurement failed. Further analysis focused on the HF radar results from the more reliable of the two sites. The rms difference between this radar and the in situ sensor was 0.29 m. Synoptic observations of Hs over the Chesapeake Bay revealed regions of current-induced wave shoaling and refraction. Hs over the estuarine outflow increased between 19-50% relative to the incident Hs in light onshore winds (similar to 5 m/s). In stronger winds (> 10 m/s), Hs also increased by up to 25% when there was a tidal outflow in the surface layer, although the near-surface currents were responding to both the wind and the ebbing tide. Hs was not enhanced when the outflow was below a thicker layer (> 5 m) of wind-forced onshore flow. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Appl Marine Phys, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Phys Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Haus, BK (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Appl Marine Phys, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM bhaus@rsmas.miami.edu; rramos@rsmas.miami.edu; hgraber@rsmas.miami.edu; nshay@rsmas.miami.edu; zack.hallock@southwind.org NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 31 IS 4 BP 835 EP 849 DI 10.1109/JOE.2006.886240 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 137UY UT WOS:000244319300011 ER PT J AU Paduan, JD Kim, KC Cook, MS Chavez, FP AF Paduan, Jeffrey D. Kim, Kyung Cheol Cook, Michael S. Chavez, Francisco P. TI Calibration and validation of direction-finding high-frequency radar ocean surface current observations SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Radiowave Oceanography Workshop CY 2004 CL N Queensland, AUSTRALIA DE high-frequency (HF) radar; ocean currents; remote sensing ID HF RADAR; CURRENT METERS AB This paper focuses on the validation of remotely sensed ocean surface currents from SeaSonde-type high-frequency (HF) radar systems. Hourly observations during the period July 22, 2003 through September 9, 2003 are used from four separate radar sites deployed around the shores of Monterey Bay, CA. Calibration of direction-finding techniques is addressed through the comparisons of results obtained using measured and ideal (i.e., perfect) antenna patterns. Radial currents are compared with observations from a moored current meter and from 16 surface drifter trajectories. In addition, four overwater baselines are used for radar-to-radar comparisons. Use of measured antenna patterns improves system performance in almost all cases. Antenna-pattern measurements repeated one year later at three of the four radar locations exhibit only minor changes indicating that pattern distortions are stable. Calibrated results show root-mean-square (rms) radial velocity differences in the range of 9.8-13.0 cm/s, which suggest radar observation error levels in the range of 6.9-9.2 cm/s. In most cases, clear evidence of bearing errors can be seen, which range up to 30 degrees for uncalibrated radar-derived radial currents and up to 15 degrees for currents obtained using measured antenna patterns. Bearing errors are not, however, constant with angle. The results recommend use of measured antenna patterns in all SeaSonde-type applications. They also recommend an expanded simulation effort to better describe the effects of antenna-pattern distortions on bearing determination under a variety of ocean conditions. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95093 USA. RP Paduan, JD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM paduan@nps.edu; sealion@hanafos.com; cook@nps.edu; chfr@mbari.org NR 32 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 31 IS 4 BP 862 EP 875 DI 10.1109/JOE.2006.886195 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 137UY UT WOS:000244319300013 ER PT J AU Fischer, G Lee, S Obara, M Kasturi, P Rossby, HT Recksiek, CW AF Fischer, Godi Lee, Sangmok Obara, Michael Kasturi, Prasan Rossby, H. Thomas Recksiek, Conrad W. TI Tracking fishes with a microwatt acoustical receiver - An archival tag development SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE data-storage tag; fish tracking; low-noise filtering; low-power complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS); design; underwater acoustics ID FILTERS; TEMPERATURE; DESIGN; COD AB This paper presents the design of an ultralow-power acoustical receiver circuit intended to track small aquatic animals. The receiver forms a crucial component of a versatile data logger capable of sensing and storing a variety of biologically important data such as geographic position, ambient temperature, pressure, etc. The size of the final tag will be determined by the size of the cylindrical hydrophone, which will serve as housing for all electronic components, the external sensors, the timing crystal, and the battery. The receiver circuit was prototyped on a 0.5-mu m complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chip. Extensive lab tests proved all system component functional. The fully operational receiver consumes 21 mu W at 3 V. Results from a preliminary field test, conducted with a source generating a sound pressure level of 180 dB re 1 mu Pa, predict a tracking range of 100-120 km. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. On Semicond, Phoenix, AZ 85008 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries Anim & Vet Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Fischer, G (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 31 IS 4 BP 975 EP 985 DI 10.1109/JOE.2006.880376 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 137UY UT WOS:000244319300024 ER PT J AU Voiculescu, I McGill, RA Zaghloul, ME Mott, D Stepnowski, J Stepnowski, S Summers, H Nguyen, V Ross, S Walsh, K Martin, M AF Voiculescu, Ioana McGill, R. Andrew Zaghloul, Mona E. Mott, David Stepnowski, Jennifer Stepnowski, Stanley Summers, Heather Nguyen, Viet Ross, Stuart Walsh, Kevin Martin, Michael TI Micropreconcentrator for enhanced trace detection of explosives and chemical agents SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology; finite-volume method; gas preconcentrator; microhotplate ID HOTPLATE GAS SENSORS; MICRO-HOTPLATE; THIN-FILM; CHROMATOGRAPH; PERFORMANCE; FABRICATION AB The design, fabrication, and testing of a sorbent-coated microfabricated preconcentrator device in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor is presented. As a sorbent-coated device, the preconcentrator is used to collect, concentrate, and deliver analyte sampled from air for analysis with a detector. The preconcentrator in this paper is based on a perforated flowthrough microhotplate structure that is coated with a sorbent layer to maximize vapor trapping efficiency. The coating sorbs the analytes of interest during the collection phase at ambient temperatures. A thermal desorption cycle is then used to rapidly heat the preconcentrator to 180 degrees C in 40 ms to release a concentrated wave of analyte. A finite-volume method was used to simulate the temperature distribution on a microhotplate and to model the time to reach the steady-state temperature. The experimental electrical measurements of the device were found to be in good agreement with the predicted values obtained using the finite-volume method. The preconcentrator device was demonstrated by interfacing to the front end of a handheld chemical agent detector and a handheld trace explosives detector. The preliminary results showed signal enhancement for the detection of the nerve agent simulant dimethylmethylphosphonate and the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. C1 CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat & Sensors Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Novo Res Inc, Funct Mat & Devices Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Dstl Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, Wilts, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NIST, Semicond Devices Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Funct Mat & Devices Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Voiculescu, I (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM voicules@ccny.cuny.edu; mcgill@nrl.navy.mil; zaghloul@gwu.edu; mott@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; jennifer.stepnowski@nrl.navy.mil; stan@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; mentzer@nrl.navy.mil; nguyen@nrl.navy.mil; SKROSS@mail.dstl.gov.uk; walsh@louisville.edu; michael.martin@louisville.edu OI Mott, David/0000-0002-7863-456X NR 37 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 5 U2 28 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 6 IS 5 BP 1094 EP 1104 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2006.881431 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 086UJ UT WOS:000240698200009 ER PT J AU Bachmann, CM Ainsworth, TL Fusina, RA AF Bachmann, Charles M. Ainsworth, Thomas L. Fusina, Robert A. TI Improved manifold coordinate representations of large-scale hyperspectral scenes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Intenational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-29, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm DE automatic classification; hyperspectral imagery; isometric mapping (ISOMAP); Jeffries-Matsushita distance; manifold coordinates; manifold geodesics; manifold learning; multidimensional scaling; nonlinear dimensionality reduction; tree searching; trees (graphs); Vantage Point Forest; vantage point tree; Virginia Coast Reserve ID NONLINEAR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; IMAGERY; CLASSIFIERS AB In recent publications, we have presented a data-driven approach to representing the nonlinear structure of hyperspectral imagery using manifold coordinates. The approach relies on graph methods to derive geodesic distances on the high-dimensional hyperspectral data manifold. From these distances, a set of intrinsic manifold coordinates that parameterizes the data manifold is derived. Scaling the solution relied on divide-conquer-and-merge strategies for the manifold coordinates because of the computational and memory scaling of the geodesic coordinate calculations. In this paper, we improve the scaling performance of isometric mapping (ISOMAP) and achieve full-scene global manifold coordinates while removing artifacts generated by the original methods. The CPU time of the enhanced ISOMAP approach scales as O(N log(2) (N)), where N is the number of samples, while the memory requirement is bounded by O(N log (N)). Full hyperspectral scenes of O(10(6)) samples or greater are obtained via a reconstruction algorithm, which allows insertion of large numbers of samples into a representative "backbone" manifold obtained for a smaller but representative set of O(10(5)) samples. We provide a classification example using a coastal hyperspectral scene to illustrate the approach. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bachmann@nrl.navy.mil NR 52 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 10 BP 2786 EP 2803 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.881801 PN 1 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 089LB UT WOS:000240881000018 ER PT J AU Restorff, JB Wun-Fogle, M Clark, AE Hathaway, KB AF Restorff, J. B. Wun-Fogle, M. Clark, A. E. Hathaway, K. B. TI Induced magnetic anisotropy in stress-annealed Galfenol alloys SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st IEEE International Magnetics Conference (Intermag 2006) CY MAY 08-12, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE Galfenol; magnetoelasticity; magnetostriction; magnetostrictive devices; stress annealing AB Values of the uniaxial anisotropy, cubic anisotropy, saturation magnetic induction, and saturation magnetostriction were obtained from measurements of the magnetization and magnetostriction of stress-annealed Galfenol (Fe100-xGax,x = 12.5, 18.4, and 22.0) and Fe-81 Al-19 as a function of compressive stresses < 100 MPa. The values were derived from fitting magnetization and magnetostriction curves to the energy expression E-i = -mu 0MsH alpha(z) + K-cubic(alpha(4)(x) + alpha(4)(y) + alpha(4)(z)) + K-uniaxial alpha(2)(z) - lambda T-sat alpha(2)(z), where M-s lambda(sat) and the K's are fit parameters. The alpha(i)'s are the direction cosines of the magnetization direction with respect to the field and stress direction (z). H is the magnetic field and T is the measurement stress (compressive T < 0). Data are fit with high precision by only the above four constants plus a smoothing constant. Importantly, K-uniaxial enables a prediction of the maximum usable tensile stress. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Restorff, JB (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM marilyn.wun-fogle@navy.mil NR 3 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3087 EP 3089 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2006.878395 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 089NZ UT WOS:000240888700273 ER PT J AU Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Clark, AE AF Wun-Fogle, M. Restorff, J. B. Clark, A. E. TI Magnetomechanical coupling in stress-annealed Fe-Ga (Galfenol) alloys SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st IEEE International Magnetics Conference (Intermag 2006) CY MAY 08-12, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE Fe-Ga alloys; Galfenol; magnetoelasticity; magnetomechanical properties; magnetostriction AB Magnetomechanical properties (coupling factor, piezomagnetic d-constant, and permeability) were obtained as a function of both magnetic field (0 to 600 Oe) and applied stress (-200 MPa to +50 MPa) for Fe100-x Ga-x (x = 12.5, 18.4 and 22). To evaluate the coupling factors Y-B, the Young's modulus at constant induction, was measured and found to be 97, 75, and 67 GPa for x = 12.5, 18.4, and 22, respectively. At low magnetic fields, relative permeabilities are greater than 800 for all alloys. Peak coupling factors exceeded 0.6 for the x = 12.5 and x = 18.4 alloys, whereas for the x = 22 alloy, no measurable uniaxial energy was built into the alloy by stress annealing, and the d-constants and coupling factors were substantially lower. Model predictions of the inverse magnetostriction effect are presented for the x = 18.4 alloy. Excellent fits obtained by the magnetization rotation model enable the calculation of all the magnetomechanical properties of the Fe-Ga system as well as the inverse magnetostrictive effect. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carferock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wun-Fogle, M (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carferock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM marilyn.wun-fogle@navy.mil NR 3 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3120 EP 3122 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2006.878394 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 089NZ UT WOS:000240888700284 ER PT J AU Ozbay, A Nowak, ER Edelstein, AS Fischer, GA Nordman, CA Cheng, SF AF Ozbay, Arif Nowak, E. R. Edelstein, A. S. Fischer, G. A. Nordman, C. A. Cheng, Shu Fan TI Magnetic-field dependence of the noise in a magnetoresistive sensor having MEMS flux concentrators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st IEEE International Magnetics Conference (Intermag 2006) CY MAY 08-12, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE field sensor; flux concentrator; magnetometer; magnetoresistance; noise ID 1/F NOISE; GMR AB We report the dc and ac magnetic field dependence of the low-frequency noise in a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) flux concentrator device containing a giant magnetoresistance spin valve (SV). The noise is dominated by resistance fluctuations having a magnetic origin. Under nominally zero magnetic-field biasing conditions, the noise power is large and varies rapidly with small changes in magnetic field. Metastability between distinct resistive states is observed and can be suppressed with the application of a moderate longitudinal field. Stationary flux concentrators do not contribute excess noise, rather the dominant source of noise is the SVs themselves. This result indicates that the device is likely to increase the sensitivity of many magnetic sensors at low frequencies by orders of magnitude. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19711 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NVE Corp, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ozbay, A (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19711 USA. EM aozbay@udel.edu NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3306 EP 3308 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2006.879752 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 089NZ UT WOS:000240888700346 ER PT J AU Safier, PN Dronov, V Antonsen, TM Qiu, JX Danly, BG Levush, B AF Safier, Pedro N. Dronov, Vasily Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr. Qiu, Joe X. Danly, Bruce G. Levush, Baruch TI From frequency-domain physics-based simulation to time-domain modeling of traveling-wave tube amplifiers for high data-rate communication applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE block model; CHRISTINE; digital; helix; high-power amplifier; nonlinear model; reflections; traveling-wave tube amplifier (TWTA) ID BAND HELIX TWT; DIGITAL-COMMUNICATIONS; CHRISTINE; DESIGN AB We report here on a methodology to use frequency-domain physics-based nonlinear simulations of traveling-wave tubes (TWTs) in block time-domain models. We present examples using an improved version of the large-signal code CHRISTINE and a two-block baseband time-dependent model with a feedback loop that takes into account reflections internal to the TWT. The novelty in this approach is that it enables us to relate digital performance to the physical characteristics of the device, and it has the potential to significantly impact the analysis of TWT amplifiers for high data-rate applications. C1 S&J Solut LLC, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. ViaSat Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Safier, PN (reprint author), S&J Solut LLC, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. EM pedro-safier@sj-solutions.com RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 54 IS 10 BP 3605 EP 3615 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2006.882885 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 091DN UT WOS:000241006600001 ER PT J AU Coverdale, CA Velikovich, AL AF Coverdale, Christine A. Velikovich, Alexander L. TI Special issue on Z-pinch plasmas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coverdale, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 2230 EP 2231 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.883394 PN 3 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 097IG UT WOS:000241440000001 ER PT J AU Kantsyrev, VL Fedin, DA Esaulov, AA Safronova, AS Nalajala, V Williamson, K Osbome, G Yilmaz, MF Ouart, ND Greenly, JB Douglass, JD McBride, RD Maxson, LM Hammer, DA Velikovich, AL AF Kantsyrev, Victor L. Fedin, Dmitry A. Esaulov, Andrey A. Safronova, Alla S. Nalajala, Vidya Williamson, Kenneth Osbome, Glenn Yilmaz, M. Fatih Ouart, Nicholas D. Greenly, John B. Douglass, Jonathan D. McBride, Ryan D. Maxson, Lloyd M. Hammer, David A. Velikovich, Alexander L. TI Al and W wire array implosions and energy deposition on the 1-MA COBRA generator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wire arrays; X-ray imaging; X-ray source; X-ray; spectroscopy; Z-pinch ID X-RAY-EMISSION; Z-PINCHES; INSTABILITIES AB Implosion characteristics of cylindrical arrays of aluminum (AI) or tungsten (W) wires with low number of wires were studied on the 1-MA 100-150-ns current rise time COBRA generator at Cornell University using X-ray/extreme ultraviolet detectors, time-gated cameras, spectrometers, and electrical diagnostics. Total radiation yields E-T of 2.8 and 4.1 kJ were measured for Al and W, respectively. The yield above 0.75 keV for W arrays was lower than for Al. Al spectra imply T-e of 250-280 eV. X-ray spectra in the 2-3-keV range from W arrays showed only very weak spectral lines. A relatively uniform precursor plasma column was observed on time-gated images in the initial implosion phase for both Al and W. Rapid radiation cooling of W plasmas after precursor plasma formation leads to a decrease of plasma T. before the stagnation phase of the implosion. No evidence of the increased energy deposition that could be associated with the single-shell or closed toroidal magnetic structures models was found. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Cornell Univ, Plasma Studies Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kantsyrev, VL (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 2288 EP 2294 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.883376 PN 3 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 097IG UT WOS:000241440000010 ER PT J AU Kantsyrev, VL Rudakov, LI Safronova, AS Fedin, DA Ivanov, VV Velikovich, AL Esaulov, AA Chuvatin, AS Williamson, K Ouart, ND Nalajala, V Osborne, G Shrestha, I Yilmaz, MF Pokala, S Laca, PJ Cowan, TE AF Kantsyrev, Victor L. Rudakov, Leonid I. Safronova, Alla S. Fedin, Dmitry A. Ivanov, Vladimir V. Velikovich, Alexander L. Esaulov, Andrey A. Chuvatin, A. S. Williamson, Kenneth Ouart, Nicolas D. Nalajala, Vidya Osborne, Glenn Shrestha, Ishor Yilmaz, M. Fatih Pokala, Shivaji Laca, Paul J. Cowan, Thomas E. TI Planar wire array as powerful radiation source SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE planar wire array; X-ray diagnostics; X-ray radiation source; Z-pinch ID Z-PINCHES; HALL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; INSTABILITY AB The radiative performance of Al, Ni, and W planar wire arrays, to which little energy could be coupled via the conventional magnetic-to-kinetic conversion mechanism, is investigated. However, the planar wire arrays were shown to radiate much more energy in a short intense peak than possible due to dissipation of the kinetic energy. The planar array gives the unique possibility of seeing the evolution of the small-scale inhomogeneity of wire-array plasmas during wire ablation and implosion phases and highlights the importance of the Hall plasma phenomena and their impact on the dynamics, energy coupling, and radiation performance of wire-array Z-pinches. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ecole Polytech, Lab Phys & Technol Plasmas, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Kantsyrev, VL (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009; Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011 OI Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X NR 21 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 2295 EP 2302 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.883395 PN 3 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 097IG UT WOS:000241440000011 ER PT J AU Young, FC Commisso, RJ Murphy, DP Apruzese, JP Mosher, D Velikovich, AL Coleman, PL Banister, JW Failor, BH Levine, JS Qi, N Sze, HM AF Young, F. C. Commisso, Robert J. Murphy, D. P. Apruzese, John P. Mosher, David Velikovich, Alexander L. Coleman, Philip L. Banister, J. W. Failor, B. H. Levine, J. S. Qi, N. Sze, H. M. TI Measurement and analysis of continuum radiation from a large-diameter long implosion time argon gas puff Z-pinch at 6 MA SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron temperature; free-bound continuum; spectrum; ion density; Z-pinch ID K-SHELL EMISSION; ELECTRON-TEMPERATURE; ARRAY IMPLOSIONS; ALUMINUM; PLASMAS; NOZZLE; 12-CM-DIAMETER; RECOMBINATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; DIAGNOSTICS AB Time-resolved measurements of the absolute freebound (FB) continuum spectrum emitted from a 12-cm-diameter argon gas-puff Z-pinch driven at similar to 6-MA peak current with 220- to 260-ns implosion times are reported. A crystal spectrometer is used with silicon diode detectors to provide kiloelectronvolt spectral resolution. The energy and absolute-intensity calibration procedures for the spectrometer are described. The slope of the FB continuum is well represented by a decaying exponential spectrum with a single electron temperature from which spatially averaged, time-resolved (T-e(t)), and time-integrated (< T-e >) electron temperatures are inferred. An expression for the absolute FB continuum, which takes into account recombination onto bare as well as H-like species, is presented and used to infer time-integrated spatially averaged ion densities < n(i)>. The values of T-e and < n(i)> are in general agreement with the values of these quantities obtained by using the conventional K-shell line-ratio method. Values of T, (t) peak on the rise of the continuum radiation pulse and, gradually decrease during the pulse. The fraction of the total energy radiated in the K-shell that resides in the FB continuum is 6%-10%, and this fraction increases with < n(i)>. Calculated continuum spectra are in agreement with measured spectra. C1 L3 Commun, Titan Grp, Reston, VA 20190 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Alameda Appl Sci Corp, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. L3 Commun, Pulse Sci, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RP Young, FC (reprint author), L3 Commun, Titan Grp, Reston, VA 20190 USA. EM young@suzie.nrl.navy.mil; commisso@suzie.nrl.navy.mil; donald.murphy@nrl.navy.mil; mosher@suzie.nrl.navy.mil; sasha.velikovich@nrl.navy.mil; coleman@aasc.net; jeffrey.banister@L-3Com.com; bfailor@titan.com; jlevine@titan.com; nqi@titan.com; hsze@titan.com RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 2312 EP 2324 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.883284 PN 3 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 097IG UT WOS:000241440000013 ER PT J AU Thornhill, JW Velikovich, AL Clark, RW Apruzese, JP Davis, J Whitney, KG Coleman, PL Coverdale, CA Deeney, C Jones, BM LePell, PD AF Thornhill, J. Ward Velikovich, Alexander L. Clark, Robert W. Apruzese, John P. Davis, Jack Whitney, Kenneth G. Coleman, Philip L. Coverdale, Christine A. Deeney, Christopher Jones, Brent M. LePell, P. David TI Assessing the ZR machine's potential for producing multi-keV X-ray yields in K-shell line and free-bound continuum radiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE K-shell radiation; magnetohydrodynamics; plasma pinch; X-ray production. ID Z-PINCH IMPLOSIONS; ARRAY Z-PINCHES; ATOMIC-NUMBER; Z-ACCELERATOR; EMISSION; RECOMBINATION; ALUMINUM; PLASMA; VELOCITY; TITANIUM AB This paper presents theoretical extrapolations for the multi-keV X-ray radiation production capability of the 26-MA ZR accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories, which is scheduled to become available for experiments in 2007. These extrapolations are based on scaling models and ideas that have been developed over the years. These models and ideas have evolved and been refined through the process of benchmarking one-dimensional non-local-thermodynamic equilibrium magnetohydrodynamic model results to experimental K-shell yields and powers as well as inferred temperatures and densities. For this ZR assessment, the models are first benchmarked to K-shell yields obtained from argon, titanium, stainless-steel, and copper Z experiments and then they are applied to extrapolate yield predictions to the ZR machine. Extrapolations are based on 2-cm-length loads and similar wire configurations and nozzle designs as those employed in Z experiments. Projected K-shell yields for Ar (photon energy similar to 3 keV), Ti (similar to 5 keV), stainless steel (similar to 7 keV), and Cu (similar to 8.6 keV) are 520, 300, 200, and 80 kJ, respectively. In addition, the high-energy free-bound continuum emission above 10 keV is calculated to be 40 kJ on ZR. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Berkeley Scholars, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Alameda Appl Sci Corp, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Thornhill, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ward.thornhill@nrl.navy.mil; cacover@sandia.gov RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 28 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 2377 EP 2391 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.883380 PN 3 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 097IG UT WOS:000241440000022 ER PT J AU Dew, N AF Dew, Nicholas TI Incommensurate technological paradigms? Quarreling in the RFID industry SO INDUSTRIAL AND CORPORATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SUN MICROSYSTEMS; INNOVATION; ENTREPRENEURSHIP; MARKETS; FAILURE; FIRMS AB Dosi's work on technology paradigms and trajectories has emerged as an important idea in evolutionary approaches to the economics of innovation. This article explores these ideas using one particular case history. I examine how two technology paradigms clashed in the radio frequency identification (RFID) industry in the 2000-2002 period, a clash that manifested itself in a public quarrel that broke out between proponents of an incumbent paradigm and a challenger paradigm. These events present an excellent vantage point from which to observe a debate between two different technological perspectives within one industry to gain insights into the influence of technology paradigms. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dew, N (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ndew@nps.edu NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0960-6491 J9 IND CORP CHANGE JI Ind. Corp. Change PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 5 BP 785 EP 810 DI 10.1093/icc/dtl017 PG 26 WC Business; Economics; Management SC Business & Economics GA 094ZF UT WOS:000241277300002 ER PT J AU Dunachie, SJ Walther, M Epstein, JE Keating, S Berthoud, T Andrews, L Andersen, RF Bejon, P Goonetilleke, N Poulton, I Webster, DP Butcher, G Watkins, K Sinden, RE Levine, GL Richie, TL Schneider, J Kaslow, D Gilbert, SC Carucci, DJ Hill, AVS AF Dunachie, S. J. Walther, M. Epstein, J. E. Keating, S. . Berthoud, T. Andrews, L. Andersen, R. F. Bejon, P. Goonetilleke, N. Poulton, I. Webster, D. P. Butcher, G. Watkins, K. Sinden, R. E. Levine, G. L. Richie, T. L. Schneider, J. Kaslow, D. Gilbert, S. C. Carucci, D. J. Hill, A. V. S. TI A DNA prime-modified vaccinia virus Ankara boost vaccine encoding thrombospondin-related adhesion protein but not circumsporozoite protein partially protects healthy malaria-naive adults against Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite challenge SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; T-CELL IMMUNOGENICITY; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; ENHANCED IMMUNOGENICITY; SEQUENTIAL IMMUNIZATION; RECOMBINANT POXVIRUS; CANDIDATE VACCINE; AFRICAN CHILDREN AB The safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of DNA and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) prime-boost regimes were assessed by using either thrombospondin-related adhesion protein (TRAP) with a multiple-epitope string ME (ME-TRAP) or the circumsporozoite protein (CS) of Plasmodium falciparum. Sixteen healthy subjects who never had malaria (malaria-naive subjects) received two priming vaccinations with DNA, followed by one boosting immunization with MVA, with either ME-TRAP or CS as the antigen. Immunogenicity was assessed by ex vivo gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) and antibody assay. Two weeks after the final vaccination, the subjects underwent P. falciparum sporozoite challenge, with six unvaccinated controls. The vaccines were well tolerated and immunogenic, with the DDM-ME TRAP regimen producing stronger ex vivo IFN-gamma ELISPOT responses than DDM-CS. One of eight subjects receiving the DDM-ME TRAP regimen was completely protected against malaria challenge, with this group as a whole showing significant delay to parasitemia compared to controls (P = 0.045). The peak ex vivo IFN-gamma ELISPOT response in this group correlated strongly with the number of days to parasitemia (P = 0.033). No protection was observed in the DDM-CS group. Prime-boost vaccination with DNA and MVA encoding ME-TRAP but not CS resulted in partial protection against P. falciparum sporozoite challenge in the present study. C1 Univ Oxford, Churchill Hosp, Ctr Clin Vaccinol & Trop Med, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Oxxon Therapeut, Oxford, England. Vical Inc, San Diego, CA USA. RP Dunachie, SJ (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Churchill Hosp, Ctr Clin Vaccinol & Trop Med, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Old Rd, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England. EM susie.dunachie@ndm.ox.ac.uk RI HILL, Adrian/C-1306-2008; Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011; Keating, Sheila/B-1652-2013; OI Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456; Gilbert, Sarah/0000-0002-6823-9750 FU Medical Research Council [G84/6323]; Wellcome Trust NR 57 TC 126 Z9 127 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 10 BP 5933 EP 5942 DI 10.1128/IAI.00590-06 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 090RF UT WOS:000240967900057 PM 16988273 ER PT J AU Auguston, M Michael, JB Shing, MT AF Auguston, Mikhail Michael, James Bret Shing, Man-Tak TI Environment behavior models for automation of testing and assessment of system safety SO INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Advances in Model-Based Software Testing CY MAY 15-16, 2005 CL St.Louis, MO SP ICSE DE model-based testing; testing automation; reactive and real-time system testing AB This paper presents an approach to automatic scenario generation from environment behavior models for testing of real-time reactive systems. The model of behavior is defined as a set of events (event trace) with two basic relations: precedence and inclusion. The attributed event grammar (AEG) specifies possible event traces and provides a uniform approach for automatically generating and executing test cases. The environment model includes a description of hazardous states in which the system may arrive and makes it possible to gather statistics for system safety assessment. The approach is supported by a generator that creates test cases from the AEG models. We demonstrate the approach with a case study of a software prototype of the computer-assisted resuscitation algorithm for a safety-critical casualty intravenous fluid infusion pump. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Auguston, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM maugusto@nps.edu; bmichael@nps.edu; shing@nps.edu NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0950-5849 EI 1873-6025 J9 INFORM SOFTWARE TECH JI Inf. Softw. Technol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 10 BP 971 EP 980 DI 10.1016/j.infsof.2006.03.005 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 092ZM UT WOS:000241136700004 ER PT J AU Puri, P Jordan, PM AF Puri, P. Jordan, P. M. TI On the propagation of harmonic plane waves under the two-temperature theory SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE thermoelasticity; harmonic plane waves; two-temperature theory ID GENERALIZED THERMOELASTICITY; HEAT-CONDUCTION; 2 TEMPERATURES; RELAXATION; STABILITY; BEHAVIOR; EQUATION; SOLIDS; MEDIA AB The propagation of harmonic plane waves in media described by the two-temperature theory of thermoelasticity (2TT) is investigated. Exact dispersion relation solutions are determined and several characterizations of the wave field are examined. High- and low-frequency results are given and special/limiting cases are also noted and discussed. In addition, critical values of the physical parameters are determined, as well as their impact on the wave fields, and the dispersion characteristics of such media are established. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Math, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 33 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7225 J9 INT J ENG SCI JI Int. J. Eng. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 17 BP 1113 EP 1126 DI 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2006.07.002 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 108UB UT WOS:000242263600002 ER PT J AU Doerr, KH Gates, WR Mutty, JE AF Doerr, Kenneth H. Gates, William R. Mutty, John E. TI A hybrid approach to the valuation of RFID/MEMS technology applied to ordnance inventory SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE technology valuation; RFID; MCDM; AIT ID MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT FASHION; JUSTIFICATION; MODEL AB We report on an analysis of the costs and benefits of fielding Radio Frequency Identification/MicroElectroMechanical System (RFID/MEMS) technology for the management of ordnance inventory. A factorial model of these benefits is proposed. Our valuation approach combines a multi-criteria tool for the valuation of qualitative factors with a MonteCarlo simulation of anticipated financial factors. In a sample survey, qualitative factors are shown to account of over half of the anticipated benefits. The scale of the financial benefits, however, was sufficiently great to obviate the need for further analysis of qualitative factors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Doerr, KH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM khdoerr@nps.edu OI Doerr, Kenneth/0000-0002-7763-7304 NR 37 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5273 J9 INT J PROD ECON JI Int. J. Prod. Econ. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 103 IS 2 BP 726 EP 741 DI 10.1016/j.ijpe.2006.03.007 PG 16 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 069VW UT WOS:000239477900021 ER PT J AU Preusse, P Ern, M Eckermann, SD Warner, CD Picard, RH Knieling, P Krebsbach, M Russell, JM Mlynczak, MG Mertens, CJ Riese, M AF Preusse, Peter Ern, Manfred Eckermann, Stephen D. Warner, Christopher D. Picard, Richard H. Knieling, Peter Krebsbach, Mac Russell, James M., III Mlynczak, Martin G. Mertens, Christopher J. Riese, Martin TI Tropopause to mesopause gravity waves in August: Measurement and modeling SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE satellite measurements; stratosphere; mesosphere; gravity waves; ray tracing ID CRYOGENIC INFRARED SPECTROMETERS; STRATOSPHERIC MOUNTAIN WAVES; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; CRISTA TEMPERATURES; SATELLITE DATA; MOMENTUM FLUX; PARAMETERIZATION SCHEME; LATITUDINAL VARIATIONS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; SABER EXPERIMENT AB Global gravity wave (GW) distributions are retrieved from infrared emission limb soundings taken by the CRISTA instrument in August 1997 and by the SABER instrument in August 2003. The investigated altitudes cover the whole middle atmosphere from the tropopause to the mesopause. The data agree semi-quantitatively in their salient features and only small deviations due to the different meteorological conditions in the two years are observed. Of particular interest is the decrease of GW activity at the top of the southern polar vortex and an accompanying shift of GW activity towards the subtropics in the mesosphere. We emulate this feature by two conceptionally different models, the Warner and McIntyre spectral parameterization scheme and the GROGRAT GW ray tracer. Both models indicate that saturation limits and GW breaking are the governing processes in creating this structure. Also, both models can well reproduce the global distributions except for two important points: (1) convectively generated GWs in the northern subtropics are largely underestimated; (2) northern hemisphere high latitude activity is grossly overestimated. These points indicate that GW distribution in general circulation models are not fully realistic. Refined measurements are required to constrain more realistic GW source distributions. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG I, Julich, Germany. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Univ Cambridge, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge, England. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Wuppertal Univ, Dept Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Preusse, P (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG I, Julich, Germany. EM p.preusse@fz-juelich.de RI Mlynczak, Martin/K-3396-2012; Preusse, Peter/A-1193-2013; Riese, Martin/A-3927-2013; Ern, Manfred/I-8839-2016 OI Preusse, Peter/0000-0002-8997-4965; Riese, Martin/0000-0001-6398-6493; Ern, Manfred/0000-0002-8565-2125 NR 58 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 68 IS 15 BP 1730 EP 1751 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2005.10.019 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 101PH UT WOS:000241752200005 ER PT J AU Rehill, BJ Whitham, TG Martinsen, GD Schweitzer, JA Bailey, JK Lindroth, RL AF Rehill, Brian J. Whitham, Thomas G. Martinsen, Gregory D. Schweitzer, Jennifer A. Bailey, Joseph K. Lindroth, Richard L. TI Developmental trajectories in cottonwood phytochemistry SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE community; condensed tannins; developmental trajectory; ontogeny; phenolic glycosides; phytochemistry; Populus ID VEGETATIVE PHASE-CHANGE; ASPEN POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; GLOBULUS SSP GLOBULUS; INSECT PERFORMANCE; CHEMICAL DEFENSE; GENETIC-CONTROL; GYPSY-MOTH; SECONDARY METABOLITES; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY AB We examined the hypothesis that ecologically important phytochemical traits differ predictably among various developmental zones of trees (i.e., mature and juvenile zones of individual trees and juvenile ramets that sprout from roots) and that the slope of this phytochemical gradient represents a "developmental trajectory." We focused on Populus fremontii (Fremont cottonwood), P. angustifolia (narrowleaf cottonwood), and their natural hybrids. Two major patterns emerged. First, within narrowleaf and hybrids, concentrations of important phytochemicals (condensed tannins and phenolic glycosides) differ greatly and predictably between developmental zones. Second, developmental trajectories differ greatly among these cottonwood species and their hybrids: Fremont exhibits a flat trajectory, narrowleaf a steep trajectory, and hybrids an intermediate trajectory, suggesting an additive genetic component and an ontogenetic basis to this phytochemical variation. Because diverse herbivorous species respond to the phytochemistry of their host plants, we predict that the developmental trajectories of plants play a major role in mediating ecological interactions and structuring communities, and that biodiversity in a stand of trees is determined by both interplant genetic diversity and intraplant ontogenetic diversity. C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Rehill, BJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM rehill@usna.edu RI Lindroth, Richard/A-8538-2009 OI Lindroth, Richard/0000-0003-4587-7255 NR 77 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 32 IS 10 BP 2269 EP 2285 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9141-9 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096TS UT WOS:000241400300012 PM 17001533 ER PT J AU Dutta, I Pan, D Ma, S Majumdar, BS Harris, S AF Dutta, I. Pan, D. Ma, S. Majumdar, B. S. Harris, S. TI Role of shape-memory alloy reinforcements on strain evolution in lead-free solder joints SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE smart solder; NiTi; composite; shape-memory effect; thermomechanical behavior ID SN-AG SOLDER; IN-SITU COMPOSITE; CRACK-GROWTH-RATE; FATIGUE; CREEP; NITI; TRANSFORMATIONS; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR AB Microelectronic solder joints are exposed to aggressive thermomechanical cycling (TMC) during service, resulting in strain localization near solder/bondpad interfaces, which eventually leads to low-cycle fatigue (LCF) failure of the joint. In order to mitigate these strain concentrations, a "smart solder" reinforced with a martensitic NiTi-based shape-memory alloy (SMA) has been proposed before. In the present work, the role of NiTi particles on strain evolution in composite solders was studied using a combination of experimental and numerical means. Finite element modeling showed that NiTi pariculate reinforcements can reduce inelastic strain levels in the solder via shape recovery associated with the B19' --> B2 transformation. In situ TMC studies in the scanning electron microscope (SEM), in conjunction with strain analysis via digital image correlation (DIC), showed evidence of reverse deformation in the solder commensurate with the NiTi phase transformation, demonstrating the conceptual viability of the smart solder approach. The SEM-DIC experiments also suggested that the presence of particulates mitigates shear localization, which is commonly observed in monolithic solder joints close to joint/bond-pad interfaces. Finally, TMC experiments on monolithic solder and NiTi/solder single-fiber composite joints highlighted the beneficial effect of shape-memory transformation in reducing inelastic strain range of solders. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Ford Res & Adv Engn, Dearborn, MI USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM idutta@nps.navy.mil RI Pan, Deng/C-2072-2009 NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1902 EP 1913 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0174-1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 093AY UT WOS:000241140800019 ER PT J AU Prevey, PS Ravindranath, RA Shepard, M Gabb, T AF Prevey, Paul S. Ravindranath, Ravi A. Shepard, Michael Gabb, Timothy TI Case studies of fatigue life improvement using low plasticity burnishing in gas turbine engine applications SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 16-19, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GA SP ASME ID MECHANICAL SURFACE TREATMENTS; STEEL; DEFORMATION; STRENGTH; MICROSTRUCTURES; RESISTANCE; ALLOY; PARTS AB Surface enhancement technologies such as shot peening, laser shock peening, and low plasticity burnishing (LPB) can provide substantial fatigue life improvement. However to be effective, the compressive residual stresses that increase fatigue strength must be retained in service. For successful integration into turbine design, the process must be affordable and compatible with the manufacturing environment. LPB provides thermally stable compression of comparable magnitude and even greater depth than other methods, and can be performed in conventional machine shop environments on CNC machine tools. LPB provides a means to extend the fatigue lives of both new and legacy aircraft engines and ground-based turbines. Improving fatigue performance by introducing deep stable layers of compressive residual stress avoids the generally cost prohibitive alternative of modifying either material or design. The x-ray diffraction based background studies of thermal and mechanical stability of surface enhancement techniques are briefly reviewed, demonstrating the importance of minimizing cold work. The LPB process, tooling, and control systems are described. An overview of current research programs conducted for engine OEMs and the military to apply LPB to a variety of engine and aging aircraft components are presented. Fatigue performance and residual stress data developed to date for several case studies are presented including the following. (1) The effect of LPB on the fatigue performance of the nickel based super alloy IN718, showing the fatigue benefit of thermal stability at engine temperatures. (2) An order of magnitude improvement in damage tolerance of LPB processed Ti-6-4 fan blade leading edges. (3) Elimination of the fretting fatigue debit for Ti-6-4 with prior LPB. (4) Corrosion fatigue mitigation with LPB in Carpenter 450 steel. (5) Damage tolerance improvement in 17-4 PH steel. Where appropriate, the performance of LPB is compared to conventional shot peening after exposure to engine operating temperatures. C1 Lambda Res, Cincinnati, OH 45227 USA. NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Prevey, PS (reprint author), Lambda Res, 5521 Fair Lane, Cincinnati, OH 45227 USA. EM pprevey@lambda-research.com; ravindranara@navair.navy.mil; michael.Shepard@wpafb.af.mil; timothy.gabb@lerc.nasa.gov NR 32 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 31 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2006 VL 128 IS 4 BP 865 EP 872 DI 10.1115/1.1807414 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 091RI UT WOS:000241045600016 ER PT J AU Russell, KL Broderick, MP Franklin, SE Blyn, LB Freed, NE Moradi, E Ecker, DJ Kammerer, PE Osuna, MA Kajon, AE Morn, CB Ryan, MAK AF Russell, Kevin L. Broderick, Michael P. Franklin, Suzanne E. Blyn, Lawrence B. Freed, Nikki E. Moradi, Emily Ecker, David J. Kammerer, Peter E. Osuna, Miguel A. Kajon, Adriana E. Morn, Cassandra B. Ryan, Margaret A. K. TI Transmission dynamics and prospective environmental sampling of adenovirus in a military recruit setting SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Navy Occupational Health and Preventive Medicine Workshop CY FEB 18, 2005 CL Norfolk, VA SP Dept Def, Def Adv Res Program Agcy ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; US-ARMY TRAINEES; NAVAL RECRUITS; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; YOUNG-ADULTS; SEROTYPES 4; INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VACCINES; STRAIN AB Background. High levels of morbidity caused by adenovirus among US military recruits have returned since the loss of adenovirus vaccines in 1999. The transmission dynamics of adenovirus have never been well understood, which complicates prevention efforts. Methods. Enrollment and end-of-study samples were obtained and active surveillance for febrile respiratory illnesses (FRIs) was performed for 341 recruits and support personnel. Environmental samples were collected simultaneously. Classic and advanced diagnostic techniques were used. Results. Seventy-nine percent (213/271) of new recruits were seronegative for either adenovirus serotype 4 (Ad-4) or adenovirus serotype 7 (Ad-7). FRI caused by Ad-4 was observed in 25% (67/271) of enrolled recruits, with 100% of them occurring in individuals with enrollment titers < 1:4. The percentage of recruits seropositive for Ad-4 increased from 34% at enrollment to 97% by the end of the study. Adenovirus was most commonly detected in the environment on pillows, lockers, and rifles. Conclusions. Potential sources of adenovirus transmission among US military recruits included the presence of adenovirus on surfaces in living quarters and extended pharyngeal viral shedding over the course of several days. The introduction of new recruits, who were still shedding adenovirus, into new training groups was documented. Serological screening could identify susceptible recruits for the optimal use of available vaccines. New high-throughput technologies show promise in providing valuable data for clinical and research applications. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Dev Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Ibis Biosci Inc, Carlsbad, CA USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Carlsbad, CA USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Russell, KL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Dev Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM russell@nhrc.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 33 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 194 IS 7 BP 877 EP 885 DI 10.1086/507426 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 081LE UT WOS:000240318300003 PM 16960774 ER PT J AU Baker, MJ Cunningham, BM AF Baker, Matthew J. Cunningham, Brendan M. TI Court decisions and equity markets: Estimating the value of copyright protection SO JOURNAL OF LAW & ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Society-for-Economic-Research-on-Copyright-Issues CY 2004 CL Turin, ITALY SP Soc Econ Res Copyright Issues ID INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY; ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS; STOCK-RETURNS; INDUSTRY; LAW AB We construct a database of U. S. federal court decisions pertaining to copyright and changes in federal statutory copyright law and use this database to assemble indices measuring changes in the breadth of copyright protection. We combine our indices with information on excess returns to equity from a quarterly panel of firms and estimate how the breadth of copyright affects the market valuation of firm equity. A typical statute that increases copyright breadth generates an increase in a firm's excess return to equity of 40 - 209 basis points, depending on the exact time frame, the size of the firm, and the importance of the change in statutory law. A typical high-court decision expanding copyright generates a 13 - 105 basis-point increase in excess returns. Our results are robust across 4-5-year subsamples and the size distribution of firms. Our statutory findings are strongest in the most recent portion of the sample. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Baker, MJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-2186 J9 J LAW ECON JI J. Law Econ. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 49 IS 2 BP 567 EP 596 DI 10.1086/505372 PG 30 WC Economics; Law SC Business & Economics; Government & Law GA 102WW UT WOS:000241845100008 ER PT J AU Jabra, J Romios, M Lai, J Lee, E Setiawan, M Lee, EW Witters, J Abourialy, N Ogren, JR Clark, R Oppenheim, T Frazier, WE Es-Said, OS AF Jabra, J. Romios, M. Lai, J. Lee, E. Setiawan, M. Lee, E. W. Witters, J. Abourialy, N. Ogren, J. R. Clark, R. Oppenheim, T. Frazier, W. E. Es-Said, O. S. TI The effect of thermal exposure on the mechanical properties of 2099-T6 die forgings, 2099-T83 extrusions, 7075-T7651 plate, 7085-T7452 die forgings, 7085-T7651 plate, and 2397-T87 plate aluminum alloys SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE age hardenable Al alloys; aircraft materials; engineering correlations; overaging; thermal exposure ID LITHIUM ALLOY AB Aluminum alloys 2099-T6 die forgings, 2099-T83 extrusions, 7075-T7651 plate, 7085-T7452 die forgings, 7085-T7651 plate, and 2397-T87 plate were thermally exposed at temperatures of 180 degrees C (350 degrees F), 230 degrees C (450 degrees F), and 290 degrees C (550 degrees F) for 0.1, 0.5, 2, 10, 100, and 1000 h. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of thermal exposure on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of these alloys. The data shows that higher temperatures and longer exposure times generally resulted in decreased strength and hardness and increased percent elongation and electrical conductivity. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. ALCOA, Aerosp Applicat Engn, Bettendorf, IA 52722 USA. RP Jabra, J (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. EM oessaid@lmu.edu NR 13 TC 15 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 18 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 5 BP 601 EP 607 DI 10.1361/105994906X136142 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 093DW UT WOS:000241148900015 ER PT J AU Talmy, IG Zaykoski, JA Opeka, MM Smith, AH AF Talmy, I. G. Zaykoski, J. A. Opeka, M. M. Smith, A. H. TI Properties of ceramics in the system ZrB2-Ta5Si3 SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Ceramics in the system ZrB2-Ta5Si3 were studied as candidates for the development of new ultra high-temperature ceramic materials. The ceramics were prepared by hot pressing at 1900-2200 degrees C in He. Mutual additions of ZrB2 and Ta5Si3 even in small amounts had significant densifying effects due to chemical interactions and solid solubility between the components, which have not been reported in the literature. Materials containing between 8 and 30 vol% Ta5Si3 exhibited less oxidation than pure ZrB2, which is the result of phase separation in surface borosilicate glass induced by Ta2O5. For higher concentrations, oxidation resistance substantially decreased with increasing Ta5Si3 content. The trend in the oxidation behavior of the materials showed significant dependence on the volume of oxidation products. Ceramics containing up to 10 mol% (30 vol%) Ta5Si3, which showed the highest oxidation resistance, also had the highest strength and hardness in the system, and are of interest for high-temperature structural applications in oxidizing environments. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, NSWCCD, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Talmy, IG (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, NSWCCD, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM inna.talmy@navy.mil NR 8 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 15 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 21 IS 10 BP 2593 EP 2599 DI 10.1557/JMR.2006.0321 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 091IW UT WOS:000241021600020 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Kim, DH Chu, T AF Kwon, Y. W. Kim, D. H. Chu, T. TI Multi-scale modeling of refractory woven fabric composites SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FIBROUS COMPOSITES; MICROMECHANICAL MODEL; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; DAMAGE AB Thermomechanical analysis of a refractory, woven fabric composite was conducted using a multi-scale analysis technique. The composite was made of carbons and ceramic materials. The fibers were made of carbons and the outer coating was made of a ceramic material. In order to reduce the thermal stress in the carbon fibers and the ceramic material caused by mismatch of coefficients of thermal expansion between the two materials, a graphitized carbon layer was introduced between the fiber and the ceramic coating. For the multi-scale analysis, a new analysis model was developed and used to bridge the micro-scale characteristics, i.e. the constituent material level such as carbon and ceramic materials, to the macro-scale behavior, i.e. the woven fabric composite level. Furthermore, finite element analyses were undertaken with discrete modeling of the representative fibers, coating, and the graphitized middle layers. Then, both multi-scale analytical and numerical results were compared. In this study, thermal stresses at the micro-level, i.e. in the fibers and coating materials, as well as effective thermomechanical properties of the refractory composites were computed using the multi-scale technique. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Energy Proc, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ywkwon@nps.edu RI Chu, Tsuchin/F-3445-2013 OI Chu, Tsuchin/0000-0002-6939-9924 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 41 IS 20 BP 6647 EP 6654 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0195-4 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 109XU UT WOS:000242343700012 ER PT J AU Johnson, HE Louca, LA Mooring, SE AF Johnson, H. E. Louca, L. A. Mooring, S. E. TI Current research into modelling of shock damage to large scale composite panels SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REINFORCED COMPOSITES; IMPACT; DELAMINATION AB This study aims to model the damage incurred to large woven roving E-glass/vinyl-ester composite panels subjected to shock loads, with particular emphasis on developing an effective, simple to use delamination model. An energy criterion for failure is applied at resin-rich layers, which are modelled in between every ply. The finite element program Abaqus/Explicit together with a user material subroutine (VUMAT) is used to simulate both large and small scale impact tests. The resin-rich layers are modelled as non-linear elastic and matrix and fibre damage is modelled at the woven plies using Hashin's 2D stress-based failure criteria with a once-only degradation of the material properties. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Johnson, HE (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM hayley.johnson@imperial.ac.uk NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 41 IS 20 BP 6655 EP 6672 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0203-8 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 109XU UT WOS:000242343700013 ER PT J AU Porch, D AF Porch, Douglas TI Writing history in the "end of history" era - Reflections on historians and the GWOT SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Article AB Military history can and should play a role, even a prominent role, in debates over strategy and policy in wartime. The problem begins when partisans, polemicists, and ideologues pluck examples from past military campaigns or wars that are subsequently interpreted in ways that support policy and strategy decisions. In the case of the current "long war," neoconservative and neoimperialist historians construct and reconstruct interpretations of the past in ways deliberately calculated to promote and sustain a policy agenda. The danger is that history twisted by some partisans into an apologia for contemporary American policy, and ultimately as a weapon of intimidation to silence doubt, dissent, disagreement, and even debate, serves neither the cause of history, nor of policy and strategy formulation, nor even of democracy in a moment of national peril. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Porch, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1065 EP 1079 DI 10.1353/jmh.2006.0270 PG 15 WC History SC History GA 091GK UT WOS:000241014900006 ER PT J AU Furgol, EM AF Furgol, Edward M. TI Jacobite prisoners of the 1715 rebellion: Preventing and punishing insurrection in early hanoverian Britain. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Furgol, EM (reprint author), USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1116 EP 1117 DI 10.1353/jmh.2006.0241 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 091GK UT WOS:000241014900019 ER PT J AU Schindler, JR AF Schindler, John R. TI The Deceivers: Allied military deception in the Second World War. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Schindler, JR (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1171 EP 1173 DI 10.1353/jmh.2006.0276 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 091GK UT WOS:000241014900063 ER PT J AU Reissaus, P Waldemarsson, T Blum, J Clement, D Llamas, I Mutschke, H Giovane, F AF Reissaus, Philipp Waldemarsson, Tomas Blum, Juergen Clement, Dominik Llamas, Isabel Mutschke, Harald Giovane, Frank TI Sticking efficiency of nanoparticles in high-velocity collisions with various target materials SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nanoparticles; sticking efficiency; mesopheric dust; magic dust; sounding rocket; laser ablation; laser pyrolosis; noctilucent clouds; NLC; polar mesopheric summer echoes; PMSE; meteoric smoke; TEM film; TEM grid; Al2O3; carbon; particle-wall interactions; aerosols ID PREPLANETARY DUST; MESOSPHERE; PHYSICS; CLOUDS AB In order to find reliable collector surfaces for the Mesospheric Aerosol - Genesis, Interaction and Composition (MAGIC) sounding rocket experiment, intended to collect atmospheric nanoparticles, the sticking efficiency of nanoparticles was measured on several targets of different materials. The nanoparticles were generated by a molecular beam apparatus in Jena, Germany, by laser ablation (Al2O3 particles, diameter 5-50 nm) and by laser pyrolysis (carbon particles, diameter 10-20 nm). In a vacuum environment (> 10(-5) mbar) the particles condensed from the gas phase, formed a particle beam, and were accelerated to similar to 1 km/s. The sticking efficiency on the target materials carbon, gold and grease was measured by a microbalance. Results demonstrate moderate to high sticking probabilities. Thus, the capture and retrieval of atmospheric nanoparticles was found to be quantitatively feasible. C1 Kayser Threde GmbH Munchen, Space Technol & Applicat Div, D-81379 Munich, Germany. Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Stockholm, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. Diehl BGT Def GmbH & Co KG, D-90552 Rothenbach, AD Pegnitz, Germany. Univ Jena, Inst Astrophys, D-07745 Jena, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reissaus, P (reprint author), Kayser Threde GmbH Munchen, Space Technol & Applicat Div, Wolfratshauser Str 48, D-81379 Munich, Germany. EM philipp.reissaus@kayser-threde.com RI Blum, Jurgen/B-5590-2011 OI Blum, Jurgen/0000-0003-1531-737X NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 8 IS 5 BP 693 EP 703 DI 10.1007/s11051-006-9102-9 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 104HH UT WOS:000241949000016 ER PT J AU Rivet, DJ Goddard, JK Rich, KM Derdeyn, CP AF Rivet, Dennis J. Goddard, James K., III Rich, Keith M. Derdeyn, Colin P. TI Percutaneous transvenous embolization of a dural arteriovenous fistula through a mastoid emissary vein - Technical note SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE dural arteriovenous fistula; venous sinus thrombosis; mastoid emissary vein; percutaneous transvenous therapy; endovascular embolization ID TRANSCRANIAL APPROACH; VENOUS HYPERTENSION; MALFORMATIONS; SINUS; CLASSIFICATION; DRAINAGE AB Definitive endovascular treatment of dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) requires obliteration of the site of the fistula: either the diseased dural sinus or the pial vein. Access to this site is often limited by occlusion of the sinus proximal and distal to the segment containing the fistula. The authors describe a technique in which the mastoid emissary vein is used to gain access to a Borden-Shucart Type II DAVF in the transverse-sigmoid sinus. Recognition of this route of access, if present, may facilitate endovascular treatment of these lesions. Access to the transverse sinus via this approach can be straightforward and may be underused. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Neurosurg, Mallinckrodt Inst Radiol, St Louis, MO USA. Washington Univ, Dept Neurol, Mallinckrodt Inst Radiol, St Louis, MO USA. Washington Univ, Intervent Neuroradiol Serv, Mallinckrodt Inst Radiol, St Louis, MO USA. RP Rivet, DJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, 620 John Paul Jones, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM dennis.j.rivet@mar.med.navy.mil OI Derdeyn, Colin/0000-0002-5932-2683 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA UNIV VIRGINIA, 1224 WEST MAIN ST, STE 450, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA SN 0022-3085 J9 J NEUROSURG JI J. Neurosurg. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 105 IS 4 BP 636 EP 639 DI 10.3171/jns.2006.105.4.636 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 092AZ UT WOS:000241070700025 PM 17044571 ER PT J AU Park, S Chu, PC AF Park, Sunghyea Chu, Peter C. TI Thermal and haline fronts in the Yellow/East China Seas: Surface and subsurface seasonality comparison SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Yellow and East China Seas; thermal and haline fronts; three-dimensional climatology; Generalized Digital Environmental Model ID EAST CHINA; WARM CURRENT; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; KUROSHIO; TEMPERATURE; SATELLITE; STRAIT; WINTER; CLIMATOLOGY AB Seasonal variability of surface and subsurface thermal/haline fronts in the Yellow/ East China Seas (YES) has been investigated using three-dimensional monthly-mean temperature and salinity data from U.S. Navy's Generalized Digital Environmental Model (Version 3.0). The density-compensated Cheju-Yangtze Thermal/Haline Front has (northern and southern) double-tongues. The northern tongue is most evident throughout the depth from December to April. The southern tongue is persistent at the subsurface with conspicuous haline fronts. The thermal (haline) frontal intensity of the northern tongue is controlled mainly by the temperature (salinity) variation on the shoreward (seaward) side of the front. The cold water over the Yangtze Bank is influential in generating the southern tongue and intensifying the Tsushima Thermal Front. The year-round Cheju-Tsushima Thermal Front is evident throughout the depth and intensifies from July to December. The northern arc of the Yangtze Ring Haline Front is manifest in spring and is sustained until summer, whereas the southern one is fully developed in summer because of eastward migration of the Yangtze Diluted Water. The area showing strong frontal intensity in the Chinese Coastal Haline Front shifts seasonally north and south along the Zhejiang-Fujian coast. The Generation and evolution of YES fronts are closely associated with YES circulation (inferred from the linkage of the water masses). Moreover, the subsurface temperature/salinity evolution on the fronts in the Yellow Sea differs from that in the East China Sea owing to local factors such as wintertime vertical mixing and a summertime strong thermocline above the Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Park, S (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM spark@nps.edu NR 47 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0916-8370 EI 1573-868X J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 62 IS 5 BP 617 EP 638 DI 10.1007/s10872-006-0081-3 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 079UJ UT WOS:000240203100003 ER PT J AU Ovcharenko, A Bondarenko, S Shkuratov, Y Scotto, C Merritt, C Hart, M Eversole, J Videen, G AF Ovcharenko, Andrey Bondarenko, Sergey Shkuratov, Yuriy Scotto, Cathy Merritt, Charles Hart, Matthew Eversole, Jay Videen, Gorden TI Backscatter effects of surfaces composed of dry biological particles SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE backscattering; opposition effect; biological particle ID NEGATIVE POLARIZATION; AGGLOMERATE PARTICLES AB We present the backscattering of particulate surfaces consisting of dry biological particles using two laboratory photopolarimeters that measure intensity and degree of linear polarization in a phase-angle range 0.2-60 degrees. We measure scattering properties from three samples composed of dry biological particles, Bacillus subtilis var. niger (BG) spores and samples of fungi Aspergillus terreus and Sporisorium cruentum spores. We find that the surfaces display a prominent brightness opposition effect and significant negative polarization near backscattering angles. The brightness and polarimetric phase curves are different for B. subtilis and the fungi. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, CI EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Kharkov Natl Univ, Inst Astron, UA-61022 Kharkov, Ukraine. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Radio Astron, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Videen, G (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, CI EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM ovcharenko@astron.kharkov.ua; gvideen@arl.army.mil NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 101 IS 3 SI SI BP 462 EP 470 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2006.02.037 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 056VW UT WOS:000238554200009 ER PT J AU Waghelstein, JD Chisholm, D AF Waghelstein, John D. Chisholm, Donald TI The road not taken: Conflict termination and guerrillaism in the American Civil War SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Article DE war termination; American Civil War; guerrilla warfare AB Irrespective our views on the rationality of our opponent's continuing to conduct operations against us, unless utterly extirpated, he retains a vote on when and how conflict will end. This is because war is about power compelling another actor to do something he would not otherwise do, or to cease doing something he would otherwise prefer to do. In planning for conflict termination we should account for the peculiarities of opponents who may decide not to quit when we have beat them fair and square. We do not desire that they cease conventional fighting, but that they cease fighting altogether. C1 USN, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Waghelstein, JD (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 29 IS 5 BP 871 EP 904 DI 10.1080/01402390600901059 PG 34 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 087KS UT WOS:000240741900004 ER PT J AU Williams, EG Valdivia, N Herdic, PC Klos, J AF Williams, Earl G. Valdivia, Nicolas Herdic, Peter C. Klos, Jacob TI Volumetric acoustic vector intensity imager SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MEASUREMENT SYSTEM; HOLOGRAPHY AB A new measurement system, consisting of a mobile array of 50 microphones that form a spherical surface of radius 0.2 m, that images the acoustic intensity vector throughout a large volume is discussed. A simultaneous measurement of the pressure field across all the microphones provides time-domain holograms. Spherical harmonic expansions are used to convert the measured pressure into a volumetric vector intensity field on a grid of points ranging from the origin to a maximum radius of 0.4 m. Displays of the volumetric intensity image are used to locate noise sources outside the volume. There is no restriction on the type of noise source that can be studied. An experiment inside a Boeing 757 aircraft in flight successfully tested the ability of the array to locate flow-noise-excited sources on the fuselage. Reference transducers located on suspected noise source locations can also be used to increase the ability of this device to separate and identify multiple noise sources at a given frequency by using the theory of partial field decompositions. The frequency range of operation is 0 to 1400 Hz. This device is ideal for the diagnostic analysis of noise sources in commercial and military transportation vehicles in air, on land, and underwater. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Williams, EG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM earl.williams@nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 120 IS 4 BP 1887 EP 1897 DI 10.1121/1.2336762 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 094SD UT WOS:000241258400017 ER PT J AU Peng, MS Reynolds, CA AF Peng, Melinda S. Reynolds, Carolyn A. TI Sensitivity of tropical cyclone forecasts as revealed by singular vectors SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL VORTICITY DIAGNOSTICS; VORTEX ROSSBY-WAVES; HURRICANE MOVEMENT; BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY; TARGETED OBSERVATIONS; OPTIMAL EXCITATION; PREDICTION SYSTEM; BETA-DRIFT; MOTION; MODEL AB Singular vector (SV) sensitivity, calculated using the adjoint model of the U. S. Navy Operation Global Atmosphere Prediction System (NOGAPS), is used to study the dynamics associated with tropical cyclone evolution. For each model-predicted tropical cyclone, SVs are constructed that optimize perturbation energy within a 20 by 20 latitude/longitude box centered on the 48-h forecast position of the cyclone. The initial SVs indicate regions where the 2-day forecast of the storm is very sensitive to changes in the analysis. Composites of the SVs for straight-moving cyclones and non-straight-moving cyclones that occurred in the Northern Hemisphere during its summer season in 2003 are examined. For both groups, the initial-time SV sensitivity exhibits a maximum within an annulus approximately 500 km from the center of the storms, in the region where the potential vorticity gradient of the vortex first changes sign. In the azimuthal direction, the composite initial-time SV maximum for the straight-moving group is located in the rear right quadrant with respect to the storm motion. The composite based on the non-straight-moving cyclones does not have a preferred quadrant in the vicinity of the storms and has larger amplitude away from the cyclones compared with the straight-moving storms, indicating more environmental influence on these storms. For both groups, the maximum initial sensitive areas are collocated with regions of flow moving toward the storm. While the initial SV maximum is located where the potential vorticity gradient changes sign, the final SV maximum is located where the potential vorticity gradient is a maximum. Examinations of individual cases demonstrate how SV sensitivity can be used to identify specific environmental influences on the storms. The relationship between the SV sensitivity and the potential vorticity is discussed. The results support the utility of SVs in applications to phenomena beyond midlatitude baroclinic systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Peng, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Code 7532, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM melinda.peng@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 65 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 63 IS 10 BP 2508 EP 2528 DI 10.1175/JAS3777.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098WU UT WOS:000241554500005 ER PT J AU Nee, TW AF Nee, Tsu-Wei TI Second-harmonic diffraction from holographic volume grating SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-THEORY; POLARIZATION AB The full polarization property of holographic volume-grating enhanced second-harmonic diffraction (SHD) is investigated theoretically. The nonlinear coefficient is derived from a simple atomic model of the material. By using a simple volume-grating model, the SHD fields and Mueller matrices are first derived. The SHD phase-mismatching effect for a thick sample is analytically investigated. This theory is justified by fitting with published experimental SHD data of thin-film samples. The SHD of an existing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) holographic 2-mm-thick volume-grating sample is investigated. This sample has two strong coupling linear diffraction peaks and five SHD peaks. The splitting of SHD peaks is due to the phase-mismatching effect. The detector sensitivity and laser power needed to measure these peak signals are quantitatively estimated. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Nee, TW (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM twnee@aol.com NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 23 IS 10 BP 2510 EP 2518 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.23.002510 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 089CU UT WOS:000240858500015 PM 16985536 ER PT J AU Eastridge, BJ Owsley, J Sebesta, J Beekley, A Wade, C Wildzunas, R Rhee, P Holcomb, J AF Eastridge, Brian J. Owsley, Jimmie Sebesta, James Beekley, Alec Wade, Charles Wildzunas, Robert Rhee, Peter Holcomb, John TI Admission physiology criteria after injury on the battlefield predict medical resource utilization and patient mortality SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Eastern-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY JAN 10-14, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Eastern Assoc Surg Trauma DE combat; war; resources; outcome; predict; blood; mortality ID OPERATION-IRAQI-FREEDOM; COMBAT CASUALTY CARE; EXPERIENCE; LESSONS; TRAUMA; SYSTEM AB Background: Medical resources and resource allocation including operating room and blood utilization are of prime importance in the modern combat environment. We hypothesized that easily measurable admission physiologic criteria and injury site as well as injury severity calculated after diagnostic evaluation or surgical intervention, would be strongly correlated with resource utilization and in theater mortality outcomes. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the Joint Theater Trauma Registry for all battlefield casualties presenting to surgical component facilities during Operation Iraqi Freedom from January to July 2004. Data were collected from the composite population of 1,127 battlefield casualty patients with respect to demographics, mechanism, presentation physiology (blood pressure, heart rate, temperature), base deficit, admission hematocrit, Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), operating room utilization, blood transfusion, and mortality. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the degree to which admission physiology and injury severity correlated with blood utilization, necessity for operation, and acute mortality. Results: Univariate analysis demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) association between hypothermia (T < 34 degrees C) and the subsequent requirement for operation and mortality. In addition, the outcome variable total blood product utilization was significantly correlated with base deficit (r = 0.61), admission hematocrit (r = 0.51), temperature (r = 0.47), and ISS (r = 0.54). Using multiple logistic regression techniques, blood pressure, GCS, and ISS together demonstrated a significant association (p < 0.05) with mortality (area under ROC curve = 95%). Multiple linear regression established that blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, hematocrit, and ISS had a collective significant effect (p < 0.05) on total blood product utilization explaining 67% of the variance in this outcome variable. Conclusion: Admission physiology and injury characteristics demonstrate a strong capacity to predict resource utilization in the contemporary battlefield environment. In the future, such predictive yield could potentially have significant implications for triage and medical logistics in the resource constrained environment of war and potentially in mass casualty and disaster incidents in the civilian trauma setting which will likely have mechanistic similarity with war related injury. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, MCHE SDI, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Martin Army Community Hosp, Dept Surg, Ft Benning, GA USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. USN, Trauma Training Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Eastridge, BJ (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, MCHE SDI, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave,Bldg 3611, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM brian.eastridge@amedd.army.mil NR 18 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD OCT PY 2006 VL 61 IS 4 BP 820 EP 823 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000239508.94330.7a PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 096YU UT WOS:000241413700011 PM 17033546 ER PT J AU Chambers, LW Green, DJ Sample, K Gillingham, BL Rhee, P Brown, C Narine, N Uecker, JM Bohman, HR AF Chambers, Lowell W. Green, D. J. Sample, Kenneth Gillingham, Bruce L. Rhee, Peter Brown, Carlos Narine, Nalan Uecker, John M. Bohman, Harold R. TI Tactical surgical intervention with temporary shunting of peripheral vascular trauma sustained during Operation Iraq Feedom: One unit's experience SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE military; combat; vascular; forward surgery ID LOWER-LIMB TRAUMA; VENOUS INJURIES; INTRAVASCULAR SHUNTS; ARTERIAL SHUNTS; MANAGEMENT; REPAIR; REPERFUSION; AMPUTATION; CASUALTIES; FRACTURES AB Background: Rapidly restoring perfusion to injured extremities is one of the primary missions of forward military surgical teams. The austere setting, limited resources, and grossly contaminated nature of wounds encountered complicates early definitive repair of complex combat vascular injuries. Temporary vascular shunting of these injuries in the forward area facilitates rapid restoration of perfusion while allowing for deferment of definitive repair until after transport to units with greater resources and expertise. Methods. Standard Javid or Sundt shunts were placed to temporarily bypass complex peripheral vascular injuries encountered by a forward US Navy surgical unit during a six month interval of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Data from the time of injury through transfer out of Iraq were prospectively recorded. Each patient's subsequent course at Continental US medical centers was retrospectively reviewed once the operating surgeons had returned from deployment. Results. Twenty-seven vascular shunts were used to bypass complex vascular injuries in twenty combat casualties with a mean injury severity score of 18 (range 9-34) and mean mangled extremity severity score of 9 (range 6-11). All patients survived although three (15%) ultimately required amputation for nonvascular complications. Six (22%) shunts clotted during transport but an effective perfusion window was provided even in these cases. Conclusion. Temporary vascular shunting appears to provide simple and effective means of restoring limb perfusion to combat casualties at the forward level. C1 Naval Hosp, Dept Surg, Camp Pendelton, CA 92055 USA. USN, Trauma Training Ctr, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA. Naval Hosp, Dept Surg, Camp Lejeune, NC USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Brackenridge Hosp, Dept Surg, Austin, TX USA. RP Bohman, HR (reprint author), Naval Hosp, Dept Surg, Box 55191, Camp Pendelton, CA 92055 USA. EM hrbohman@cpen.med.navy.mil NR 32 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD OCT PY 2006 VL 61 IS 4 BP 824 EP 830 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000197066.74451.f3 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 096YU UT WOS:000241413700012 PM 17033547 ER PT J AU Chavko, M Prusaczyk, WK McCarron, RM AF Chavko, Mikulas Prusaczyk, W. Keith McCarron, Richard M. TI Lung injury and recovery after exposure to blast overpressure SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE rats; lungs; blast overpressure; injury; recovery; mechanisms ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; HEME OXYGENASE-1; IN-VIVO; NEUTROPHIL RECRUITMENT; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; CHRONIC HYPOXIA AB Backround: A critical immediate determinant of survival after exposure to blast overpressure (BOP) is pulmonary damage, but mechanisms of injury and the course of recovery are not well understood. The objective of this study was to characterize the progression of oxidative and inflammatory responses in lungs as well as the activation of consequent protective mechanisms after exposure to medium intensity BOP. Methods:. Rats were exposed to a moderate (similar to 120 kPa) level of BOP in a pneumatically driven shock tube. At different times (2-192 hours) after exposure, lungs were examined for pathologic signs of injury, markers of inflammatory responses, and indicators of oxidative and nitrative damage. Results: The results showed a postblast activation of inflammatory response (increase of myeloperoxidase activity, CINC-1, ICAM-1, and NOS), increase in protein oxidation and nitration, and development of gross diffused hemorrhage in lungs. The initial phase of lung damage that peaked at 24 to 48 hours after exposure to BOP was followed by gradual dissolution of inflammation and oxidation that were complete by 192 hours. Resolution of morphologic damage and inflammation in lungs concurred with activation of expression of antioxidant enzymes heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Plasma level of gelsolin, a marker of acute lung damage was decreased at 24 hours postblast and later returned to the control level. Conclusions:. The study shows the role of adaptive anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in lung recovery after injury caused by exposure to BOP. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Trauma & Resuscitat Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Chavko, M (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Trauma & Resuscitat Med Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Chavkom@nmrc.navy.mil NR 57 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD OCT PY 2006 VL 61 IS 4 BP 933 EP 942 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000233742.75450.47 PG 10 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 096YU UT WOS:000241413700032 PM 17033565 ER PT J AU Roy, MJ Kraus, PL Seegers, CA Young, SYN Kamens, DR Law, WA Cherstniakova, SA Chang, DN Cooper, JA Sato, PA Matulich, W Krantz, DS Cantilena, LR Deuster, PA AF Roy, Michael J. Kraus, Patricia L. Seegers, Cynthia A. Young, Sylvia Y. N. Kamens, Deborah R. Law, Wendy A. Cherstniakova, Svetlana A. Chang, David N. Cooper, Jamie A. Sato, Paul A. Matulich, William Krantz, David S. Cantilena, Louis R. Deuster, Patricia A. TI Pyridostigmine, diethyltoluamide, permethrin, and stress: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess safety SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; BROMIDE; DEET; N,N-DIETHYL-M-TOLUAMIDE; COEXPOSURE; ABSORPTION; EXPOSURES; TOXICITY; DISEASE; HEALTH AB OBJECTIVE: To determine whether short-term human exposure to pyridostigmine bromide, diethyltoluamide, and permethrin, at rest or under stress, adversely affects short-term physical or neurocognitive performance. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: A multicenter, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial exposing 64 volunteers to permethrin-impregnated uniforms, diethyltoluamide-containing skin cream, oral pyridostigmine, and corresponding placebos was performed. Each participant had 4 separate sessions, ensuring exposure to all treatments and placebos under both stress and rest conditions in random order. Outcomes included physical performance (handgrip strength and duration, stair climbing, and pull-ups [males] or push-ups [females]), neurocognitive performance (computerized tests), and self-reported adverse effects. RESULTS: Permethrin was undetectable in the serum of all participants; pyridostigmine levels were higher immediately after stress (41.6 ng/mL; 95% confidence interval, 35.1-48.1 ng/mL) than rest (23.0 ng/mL; 95% confidence interval, 19.2-26.9 ng/mL), whereas diethyltoluamide levels did not significantly differ by stress condition. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure Increased significantly with stress compared with rest but did not vary with treatment vs placebo. Physical and neurocognitive outcome measures and self-reported adverse effects did not significantly differ by exposure group. CONCLUSION: Combined, correct use of pyridostigmine, diethyltoluamide, and permethrin is well tolerated and without evidence of short-term physical or neurocognitive Impairment. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Div Mil Internal Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med & Clin Psychol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Mil & Emergency Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Epistat, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Roy, MJ (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Div Mil Internal Med, Room A3062,4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM mroy@usuhs.mil RI Deuster, Patricia/G-3838-2015; Krantz, David/L-5364-2015 OI Deuster, Patricia/0000-0002-7895-0888; Krantz, David/0000-0002-1671-1355 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS PI ROCHESTER PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 0025-6196 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1303 EP 1310 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 089ZI UT WOS:000240920000004 PM 17036555 ER PT J AU McDaniel, WJ AF McDaniel, William J. TI Lessons learned from Indonesia: An outline SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The U.S. response to the December 26, 2004 tsunami in Indonesia heralded modifications of our responses to previous natural disasters, modifications that were highly successful and should be refined and repeated. These included seamless hand-off of responsibility from a line response unit to medical; the use of civilian medical practitioners working closely with military and public health service personnel aboard a Navy vessel; close prior communication and planning with the local medical, governmental, and U.N. establishment ashore before the arrival of the military medical unit; and with both line and medical units working closely in support of established ashore U.N. agencies instead of performing independent actions. The success of this total approach was unquestioned, and the lessons learned should be utilized fully in planning future disaster responses, both foreign and domestic. C1 USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 171 IS 10 SU 1 BP 59 EP 62 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 096ZK UT WOS:000241415400020 PM 17447626 ER PT J AU Haas, DA Pazdernik, LA AF Haas, David A. Pazdernik, Lisa A. TI A cross-sectional survey of stressors for postpartum women during wartime in a military medical facility SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OPERATION-RESTORE-HOPE; GULF-WAR VETERANS; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; ANXIETY; DEPLOYMENT; SOLDIERS; SOMALIA; BIRTH; LIFE AB Objective: To determine whether having a partner deployed during wartime increased the stress levels in pregnant women and altered the attitudes toward pregnancy or changed birth outcomes. Methods: Cross-sectional survey of all postpartum women at Naval Hospital Camp Lejeune. The anonymous survey was administered from May to July 2003. Results: Ninety-five surveys were collected. Fewer patients reported that their partner was deployed (41.1%) than not deployed (58.9%). Women with deployed partners gave birth to larger babies (3526.5 g vs. 3248.7 g, p = 0.016). No difference was seen in the gestational age at delivery, percentage with vaginal delivery, average number of children at home, self-reported stress, or reported weight gain during pregnancy. Women with partners deployed more often reported changed eating habits (56.4% vs. 8.0%, p < 0.001). Those with a deployed partner more often reported that media coverage impacted their stress level (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Pregnant women with deployed partners gave birth to larger babies. They also more frequently report a change in eating habits and that media coverage impacted their stress level. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jacksonville, NC 28547 USA. RP Haas, DA (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Camp Lejeune,100 Brewster Blvd, Jacksonville, NC 28547 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 171 IS 10 BP 1020 EP 1023 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 096JH UT WOS:000241372900019 PM 17076458 ER PT J AU Arthur, DC AF Arthur, D. C. TI Untitled SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Med Corps, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Arthur, DC (reprint author), USN, Med Corps, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 171 IS 10 SU 1 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 096ZK UT WOS:000241415400002 ER PT J AU Donnelly, JJ AF Donnelly, J. J. TI Untitled SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Donnelly, JJ (reprint author), USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 171 IS 10 SU 1 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 096ZK UT WOS:000241415400003 ER PT J AU Eckermann, SD Broutman, D Ma, J Lindeman, J AF Eckermann, Stephen D. Broutman, Dave Ma, Jun Lindeman, John TI Fourier-ray modeling of short-wavelength trapped lee waves observed in infrared satellite imagery near Jan Mayen SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN WAVES; ARCTIC STRATOSPHERE; SOLVE/THESEO 2000; NUMERICAL-MODEL; GRAVITY-WAVES; SHIP WAVES; TURBULENCE; SIMULATIONS; CLOUDS; RADAR AB A time-dependent generalization of a Fourier-ray method is presented and tested for fast numerical computation of high-resolution nonhydrostatic mountain-wave fields. The method is used to model mountain waves from Jan Mayen on 25 January 2000, a period when wavelike cloud banding was observed long distances downstream of the island by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Version 3 (AVHRR-3). Surface weather patterns show intensifying surface geostrophic winds over the island at 1200 UTC caused by rapid eastward passage of a compact low pressure system. The 1200 UTC wind profiles over the island increase with height to a jet maximum of similar to 60-70 in s(-1), yielding Scorer parameters that indicate vertical trapping of any short wavelength mountain waves. Separate Fourier-ray solutions were computed using high-resolution Jan Mayen orography and 1200 UTC vertical profiles of winds and temperatures over the island from a radiosonde sounding and an analysis system. The radiosonde-based simulations produce a purely diverging trapped wave solution that reproduces the salient features in the AVHRR-3 imagery. Differences in simulated wave patterns governed by the radiosonde and analysis profiles are explained in terms of resonant modes and are corroborated by spatial ray-group trajectories computed for wavenumbers along the resonant mode curves. Output from a nonlinear Lipps-Hemler orographic flow model also compares well with the Fourier-ray solution horizontally. Differences in vertical cross sections are ascribed to the Fourier-ray model's current omission of tunneling,of trapped wave energy through evanescent layers. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Eckermann, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7646, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stephen.eckermann@nrl.navy.mil NR 58 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 134 IS 10 BP 2830 EP 2848 DI 10.1175/MWR3218.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 096FB UT WOS:000241361900011 ER PT J AU Broutman, D Ma, J Eckermann, SD Lindeman, J AF Broutman, Dave Ma, Jun Eckermann, Stephen D. Lindeman, John TI Fourier-ray modeling of transient trapped lee waves SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN WAVES; FLOWS; LAYER AB The Fourier-ray method involves ray tracing in a Fourier-transform domain. The ray solutions are then Fourier synthesized to produce a spatial solution. Here previous steady-state developments of the Fourier-ray method are extended to include a transient source of mountain waves. The method is illustrated with an initial value problem in which the background flow is started abruptly from rest and then maintained at steady velocity. The resulting wave transience is modeled in a simple way. All rays that radiate from the mountain, including the initial rays, are assigned the full amplitude of the longtime steady-state solution. Time dependence comes in through the changing position of the initial rays. This is sufficient to account for wave transience in a test case, as demonstrated by comparison with simulations from a mesoscale numerical model. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Eckermann, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7646, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stephen.eckermann@nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 134 IS 10 BP 2849 EP 2856 DI 10.1175/MWR3232.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 096FB UT WOS:000241361900012 ER PT J AU Wunderer, CB Kippen, RM Bloser, PF Boggs, SE McConnell, ML Harris, M Hoover, A Klimenko, AV Novikova, EI Oberlack, U Sturner, S Tournear, D Weidenspointner, G Zoglauer, A AF Wunderer, Cornelia B. Kippen, R. M. Bloser, P. F. Boggs, S. E. McConnell, M. L. Harris, M. Hoover, A. Klimenko, A. V. Novikova, E. I. Oberlack, U. Sturner, S. Tournear, D. Weidenspointner, G. Zoglauer, A. TI The ACT vision mission study simulation effort SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Astronomy with Radioactivities CY SEP, 2005 CL Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC HO Clemson Univ DE telescopes; gamma-rays : observations; instrumentation : simulations AB The Advanced Compton Telescope (ACT) has been selected by NASA for a one-year "vision mission" study. The study's main goal is to determine feasible instrument configurations to achieve ACT's sensitivity requirements, and to give recommendations for technology development. Space-based instruments operating in the energy range of nuclear lines are subject to complex backgrounds generated by cosmic rays, earth albedo radiations, trapped particles, and diffuse gamma rays; typically measurements are significantly background-dominated. Therefore accurate, detailed simulations of the background induced in different ACT configurations, and exploration of event selection and reconstruction techniques for reducing these backgrounds, are crucial to determining the capabilities of a given instrument configuration. The ACT simulation team has assembled a complete suite of tools that allows the generation of particle backgrounds for a given orbit, their propagation through any instrument and spacecraft geometry-including delayed photon emission from instrument activation-as well as the selection and reconstruction of Compton events in the given detectors. We describe here the scope of the ACT simulation effort and the suite of tools used. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, Toulouse 4, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wunderer, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wunderer@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Boggs, Steven/E-4170-2015; OI Boggs, Steven/0000-0001-9567-4224; Klimenko, Alexei/0000-0003-4255-9374 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 EI 1872-9630 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 50 IS 7-8 BP 608 EP 612 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2006.06.064 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 099ZZ UT WOS:000241638100034 ER PT J AU Malanoski, AP Lin, BC Wang, Z Schnur, JM Stenger, DA AF Malanoski, Anthony P. Lin, Baochuan Wang, Zheng Schnur, Joel M. Stenger, David A. TI Automated identification of multiple micro-organisms from resequencing DNA microarrays SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HIGH-THROUGHPUT; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAYS; UNITED-STATES; INFLUENZA; VIRUSES; ARRAYS; PCR AB There is an increasing recognition that detailed nucleic acid sequence information will be useful and even required in the diagnosis, treatment and surveillance of many significant pathogens. Because generating detailed information about pathogens leads to significantly larger amounts of data, it is necessary to develop automated analysis methods to reduce analysis time and to standardize identification criteria. This is especially important for multiple pathogen assays designed to reduce assay time and costs. In this paper, we present a successful algorithm for detecting pathogens and reporting the maximum level of detail possible using multi-pathogen resequencing microarrays. The algorithm filters the sequence of base calls from the microarray and finds entries in genetic databases that most closely match. Taxonomic databases are then used to relate these entries to each other so that the microorganism can be identified. Although developed using a resequencing microarray, the approach is applicable to any assay method that produces base call sequence information. The success and continued development of this approach means that a non-expert can now perform unassisted analysis of the results obtained from partial sequence data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Malanoski, AP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM anthony.malanoski@nrl.navy.mil RI Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 NR 21 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 18 BP 5300 EP 5311 DI 10.1093/nar/gkl565 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 104JQ UT WOS:000241955100037 PM 17012284 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD AF Dermer, C. D. TI External shocks, UHECRs, and the early afterglow of GRBs SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA B-GENERAL PHYSICS RELATIVITY ASTRONOMY AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS AND METHODS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Swift and GRBs - Unveiling the Relativistic University CY JUN 05-09, 2006 CL Venice, ITALY ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; RELATIVISTIC BLAST WAVES; HIGH-ENERGY; FLUID-DYNAMICS; MODEL; COMPONENT; EMISSION AB Highly variable gamma-ray pulses and X-ray flares in GRB light curves can result from external shocks rather than central engine activity under the assumption that the GRB blast-wave shell does not spread. Acceleration of cosmic rays to greater than or similar to 10(20) eV energies can take place in the external shocks of GRBs. Escape of hadronic energy in the form of UHECRs leads to a rapidly decelerating GRB blast wave, which may account for the rapid X-ray declines observed in Swift GRBs. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dermer@gamma.nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA SARAGOZZA, 12, I-40123 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1594-9982 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO B JI Nouvo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. B-Gen. Phys. Relativ. Astron. Math. Phys. Methods PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 121 IS 10-11 BP 1331 EP 1336 DI 10.1393/ncb/i2007-10254-5 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 229SJ UT WOS:000250824300045 ER PT J AU Fischer, DG Hart, SC Rehill, BJ Lindroth, RL Keim, P Whitham, TG AF Fischer, D. G. Hart, S. C. Rehill, B. J. Lindroth, R. L. Keim, P. Whitham, T. G. TI Do high-tannin leaves require more roots? SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE feedback; fine-root growth; genetics and ecosystems; minirhizotron; Populus ID FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; SOIL INTERACTIONS; LEAF-LITTER; FINE ROOTS; NITROGEN; COTTONWOOD; COMMUNITY; CARBON; DECOMPOSITION AB The well-known deceleration of nitrogen (N) cycling in the soil resulting from addition of large amounts of foliar condensed tannins may require increased fine-root growth in order to meet plant demands for N. We examined correlations between fine-root production, plant genetics, and leaf secondary compounds in Populus angustifolia, P. fremontii, and their hybrids. We measured fine-root (< 2mm) production and leaf chemistry along an experimental genetic gradient where leaf litter tannin concentrations are genetically based and exert strong control on net N mineralization in the soil. Fine-root production was highly correlated with leaf tannins and individual tree genetic composition based upon genetic marker estimates, suggesting potential genetic control of compensatory root growth in response to accumulation of foliar secondary compounds in soils. We suggest, based on previous studies in our system and the current study, that genes for tannin production could link foliar chemistry and root growth, which may provide a powerful setting for external feedbacks between above- and belowground processes. C1 Evergreen State Coll, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Fischer, DG (reprint author), Evergreen State Coll, 2700 Evergreen Pkwy NW, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. EM fischerd@evergreen.edu RI Lindroth, Richard/A-8538-2009; Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010 OI Lindroth, Richard/0000-0003-4587-7255; NR 40 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD OCT PY 2006 VL 149 IS 4 BP 668 EP 675 DI 10.1007/s00442-006-0471-7 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 088GH UT WOS:000240799700011 PM 16804703 ER PT J AU Mahaptara, RN Varma, SK Lei, CS AF Mahaptara, R. N. Varma, S. K. Lei, C. S. TI Thermal stability and oxidation resistance of Pt-10Al-4Cr alloy at super-high temperatures SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE oxidation; refractory alloy; weight-gain method; EDS; TEM; SEM; optical microscopy ID BEHAVIOR; SUPERALLOYS AB The isothermal-oxidation behavior of refractory superalloy Pt - 10Al - 4Cr ( in at.%) was investigated up to a period of 312 hr in air from 1200 to 1400 degrees C. A comparison of the oxidation behavior of this alloy with a conventional Ni-base superalloy (Inconel 713C) shows an order of magnitude higher oxidation resistance. This experimental alloy oxidizes by forming Al2O3 and Cr2O3 ( and perhaps trace amounts of PtO) with Al2O3 as the oxide layer in contact with air. Optical and scanning-electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the microstructure, morphology, and composition of the scale formed after oxidation. The thermal stability of the alloy after extended periods at 1200, 1300, and 1400 degrees C was studied using transmission-electron microscopy (TEM). C1 Univ Texas, Dept Met & Mat Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, Mat Lab, Patuxent River, MD 20650 USA. RP Varma, SK (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Met & Mat Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM skvarma@utep.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 66 IS 3-4 BP 127 EP 135 DI 10.1007/s11085-006-9020-3 PG 9 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 110GF UT WOS:000242365600001 ER PT J AU Frenck, RW Fathy, HM Sherif, M Mohran, Z El Mohammedy, H Francis, W Rockabrand, D Mounir, BI Rozmajzl, P Frierson, HF AF Frenck, Robert W., Jr. Fathy, Hanan Mohamed Sherif, May Mohran, Zaynab El Mohammedy, Hanan Francis, Wagdy Rockabrand, David Mounir, Bahaa Ihab Rozmajzl, Patrick Frierson, Henry F. TI Sensitivity and specificity of various tests for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori in Egyptian children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Helicobacter; diagnosis; urea breath test; children; Egypt ID C-13-UREA BREATH TEST; STOOL ANTIGEN TESTS; PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS; NONINVASIVE TESTS; INFECTION; POPULATION; ACCURACY; COLONIZATION; GASTRITIS; GROWTH AB OBJECTIVES. Many noninvasive methods (using breath, blood, and stool samples) are available to diagnose Helicobacter pylori. However, because the noninvasive tests are proxy measures of the infection, they need validation before use. Factors that may affect test validity include patient age, gender, and geographic location. Because no data were available on the validation of noninvasive tests for the diagnosis of H pylori among children in the Middle East, this study was performed. METHODS. Children between 2 and 17 years of age evaluated at the Cairo University School of Medicine pediatric gastroenterology clinic who were already scheduled for upper endoscopy were eligible for enrollment in the study. At the time of endoscopy, 3 biopsies were collected and used for rapid urease, histology, and culture, respectively. All children also donated a sample of stool and blood and had a urea breath test performed. Stool and serum samples were tested for the presence of H pylori by using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based technology. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated for each noninvasive test used in the study. Receiver operating curves also were charted to determine optimal cut points for the various tests when used in the current study cohort. RESULTS. One hundred eight children were enrolled in the study, with 52 children being under 6 years of age. The urea breath test and HpStar (DakoCytomation, Norden, Denmark) stool enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit had the highest sensitivity and specificity (sensitivity and specificity: 98 and 89 [urea breath test] and 94 and 81 [HpStar], respectively), whereas the serologic kit had an unacceptably low sensitivity (50%). The sensitivity of neither the urea breath test nor the HpStar tests was affected by subject age, but specificity of the HpStar test, although still high, was significantly lower among children under 6 years. Receiver operating curves found optimal cut points of the urea breath test at 6.2 delta over baseline and of the HpStar at 0.25 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay units. CONCLUSION. The urea breath test and HpSTAR stool antigen kit are reliable tests for the noninvasive diagnosis of H pylori among children living in the Middle East. C1 Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Torrance, CA 90502 USA. Cairo Univ, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Enter Dis, Cairo, Egypt. Univ Virginia, Hlth Syst, Dept Pathol, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Frenck, RW (reprint author), Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1124 Carson St, Torrance, CA 90502 USA. EM rfrenck@uclacvr.labiomed.org RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 35 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2006 VL 118 IS 4 BP E1195 EP E1202 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-2925 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 090NZ UT WOS:000240959300104 PM 16982805 ER PT J AU Johnson, KJ Rose-Pehrsson, SL Morris, RE AF Johnson, Kevin J. Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L. Morris, Robert E. TI Characterization of fuel blends by GC-MS and multi-way chemometric tools SO PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fuels; chemometrics; GC-MS fuels; diesel fuel; fuel blends; PARAFAC; PLS ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; MULTILINEAR PLS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; JET FUEL; SPECTROSCOPY; RANK AB Discrimination of fuel types in mixtures is a common need in remediation of fuel spills and the examination of fuel contamination issues. Available methods for performing these types of discrimination analyses generally rely on either spectroscopic or chromatographic analyses. However, these methods are limited when the compositions of the components of a mixture are very similar. In this study we have shown that many of these limitations can be overcome by including the additional dimension of compositional information provided by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Multidimensional chemometric techniques were successfully used to analyze GC-MS data to unravel multi-component properties of fuel blends. Both qualitative and quantitative features were derived from a series of diesel fuel and heavier heating oil blends. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Morris, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6181, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM robert.morris@nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-6466 J9 PETROL SCI TECHNOL JI Pet. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1175 EP 1186 DI 10.1081/LFT-200048192 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 085HF UT WOS:000240594300003 ER PT J AU Willauer, HD Ananth, R Hoover, JB Mushrush, GW Williams, FW AF Willauer, Heather D. Ananth, Ramagopal Hoover, John B. Mushrush, George W. Williams, Frederick W. TI Critical evaluation of rotary atomizer SO PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aerosol; atomizer; jet fuel; flammability; antimisting ID JET FUEL; ATOMIZATION; IGNITION; FLUIDS; AIR; FLAMMABILITY; SPRAYS AB The flammability characteristics of jet fuel aerosols are critical to the development of fire-safe fuels. In efforts to design and characterize fire-safe fuels, an automated rotary atomizer has been constructed to produce fuel aerosols and measure their mist flammability properties. A particle analyzer has been coupled directly to the atomizer to provide drop size distribution information on the aerosols. The size distribution measurements provide crucial evidence regarding the droplet formation mechanism of the constructed atomizer. This paper focuses on the evaluation of water aerosols as a function of disk speed, flow rate to the atomizer, and liquid surface tension utilizing this instrumental design. C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Willauer, HD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Code 6180,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM willauer@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-6466 J9 PETROL SCI TECHNOL JI Pet. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1215 EP 1232 DI 10.1081/LFT-200053913 PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 085HF UT WOS:000240594300007 ER PT J AU Kennedy, TA Whitaker, J Shabaev, A Bracker, AS Gammon, D AF Kennedy, T. A. Whitaker, J. Shabaev, A. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. TI Detection of magnetic resonance of donor-bound electrons in GaAs by Kerr rotation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN-LATTICE RELAXATION; SPINTRONICS; GAS AB Magnetic resonance of electrons in lightly doped GaAs layers has been detected at 5.8 T by magneto-optical Kerr rotation. A study over a wide range of microwave powers shows (1) resonance without dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), (2) resonance enhanced by DNP, and (3) DNP pinning of the resonance to the external magnetic field. The dependences of the resonance on donor concentration and on the wavelength and intensity of the probing optical beam were also studied. For optimal conditions, the electron g factor is -0.428 and the inhomogeneous dephasing time is 5.4 ns. This time is limited by the fluctuation in the local fields produced by the host nuclei. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Kennedy, TA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 16 AR 161201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.161201 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FC UT WOS:000241723700004 ER PT J AU Rudin, S Reinecke, TL Bayer, M AF Rudin, S. Reinecke, T. L. Bayer, M. TI Temperature dependence of optical linewidth in single InAs quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC GUIDED-WAVES; PLATES AB We consider the temperature dependence of the exciton linewidth in single InAs self-assembled quantum dots. We show that in cases where etched mesas are used to isolate the dots, the magnitude of the linear temperature coefficient and its dependence on mesa size are described well by exciton scattering by acoustic phonons whose lifetimes are given by phonon scattering from the mesa interfaces. This work shows that phonon scattering at interfaces and surfaces typically present in quantum dot structures can be important in dynamical processes in quantum dot systems. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. RP Rudin, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 16 AR 161305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.161305 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FC UT WOS:000241723700011 ER PT J AU Yu, ZG He, J Xu, SF Xue, QZ van't Erve, OMJ Jonker, BT Marcus, MA Yoo, YK Cheng, SF Xiang, XD AF Yu, Z. G. He, Jun Xu, Shifa Xue, Qizhen van't Erve, O. M. J. Jonker, B. T. Marcus, M. A. Yoo, Young K. Cheng, Shifan Xiang, Xiao-dong TI Origin of ferromagnetism in semiconducting (In1-x-yFexCuy)(2)O3-sigma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; DOUBLE EXCHANGE; HALL; CRYSTALS; ZNO; CU AB We systematically measure and analyze x-ray absorption fine structure and the anomalous Hall effect of recently discovered room-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductor thin films, (In1-x-yFexCuy)(2)O3-sigma. The x-ray fine structure demonstrates that divalent Fe ions exist in ferromagnetic samples but not in nonmagnetic ones, suggesting a mobile-electron-mediated ferromagnetism. The anomalous Hall behavior is found to be consistent with that of ferromagnets, in which carriers are delocalized, but qualitatively different from that of double-exchange manganites, in which carriers are bound to magnetic ions, confirming that the ferromagnetism in (In1-x-yFexCuy)(2)O3-sigma is mediated by mobile electrons. C1 SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Intematix Corp, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xiang, XD (reprint author), SRI Int, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM xdxiang@intematix.com RI Yu, Z/B-5547-2009; Xiang, Xiaodong/A-9445-2012; Xiang, Xiaodong/A-5936-2017 NR 41 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 16 AR 165321 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.165321 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FC UT WOS:000241723700073 ER PT J AU Katz, E Lewandowski, A Schwartz, MD AF Katz, Emanuel Lewandowski, Adam Schwartz, Matthew D. TI Tensor mesons in AdS/QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; FIELDS; QUARK; LAGRANGIANS; DOMINANCE; EQUATIONS; SYMMETRY; HADRONS; MODEL; SPIN AB We explore tensor mesons in AdS/QCD focusing on f(2)(1270), the lightest spin-2 resonance in QCD. We find that the f(2) mass and the partial width Gamma(f(2)->gamma gamma) are in very good agreement with data. In fact, the dimensionless ratio of these two quantities comes out to be within the current experimental bound. The result for this ratio depends only on N-c and N-f, and the quark and glueball content of the operator responsible for the f(2); more importantly, it does not depend on chiral symmetry breaking and so it is both independent of much of the arbitrariness of AdS/QCD and completely out of reach of chiral perturbation theory. For comparison, we also explore f(2)->pi pi, which, because of its sensitivity to the UV corrections, has much more uncertainty. We also calculate the masses of the higher spin resonances on the Regge trajectory of the f(2), and find they compare favorably with experiment. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Katz, E (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM amikatz@buphy.bu.edu; lewandow@usna.edu; mdschwartz@lbl.gov OI SCHWARTZ, MATTHEW/0000-0001-6344-693X NR 30 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 8 AR 086004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.086004 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 101FF UT WOS:000241724000112 ER PT J AU Luan, BQ Hyun, S Molinari, JF Bernstein, N Robbins, MO AF Luan, B. Q. Hyun, S. Molinari, J. F. Bernstein, N. Robbins, Mark O. TI Multiscale modeling of two-dimensional contacts SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; COUPLED ATOMISTICS; CONTINUUM MODELS; SIMULATIONS; NANOINDENTATION; MECHANICS; FRICTION; PARTICLE; ELEMENT AB A hybrid simulation method is introduced and used to study two-dimensional single-asperity and multi-asperity contacts both quasistatically and dynamically. The method combines an atomistic treatment of the interfacial region with a finite-element method description of subsurface deformations. The dynamics in the two regions are coupled through displacement boundary conditions applied at the outer edges of an overlap region. The two solutions are followed concurrently but with different time resolution. The method is benchmarked against full atomistic simulations. Accurate results are obtained for contact areas, pressures, and static and dynamic friction forces. The time saving depends on the fraction of the system treated atomistically and is already more than a factor of 20 for the relatively small systems considered here. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Luan, BQ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 46 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 046710 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.046710 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 101EW UT WOS:000241723000098 PM 17155215 ER PT J AU Ganguli, G AF Ganguli, Gurudas TI Comment on "Kinetic theory of the stability of the inhomogeneous plasmas with transverse inhomogeneous electric field" [Phys. Plasmas 13, 012108 (2006)] SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Editorial Material ID VELOCITY-SHEAR; WAVES; FLOWS AB It is shown that the conclusion of Mikhailenko and Mikhailenko that the inhomogeneous energy density driven instability does not exist is a consequence of the local approximation that they employ. The instability is nonlocal in character and requires a nonlocal treatment as shown in our earlier works. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ganguli, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gang@ppd.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2006 VL 13 IS 10 AR 104703 DI 10.1063/1.2358974 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 101ES UT WOS:000241722400068 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM AF Nichols, J. M. TI Examining structural dynamics using information flow SO PROBABILISTIC ENGINEERING MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE mutual information; transfer entropy; information flow; nonlinearity; structural dynamics ID TIME-SERIES; MUTUAL INFORMATION; SYSTEMS; NONLINEARITY; REDUNDANCIES; TRANSPORT; DAMAGE AB In this work, two different information-theoretic approaches are presented for exploring coupling in structural dynamics. Specifically, both the time delayed mutual information and the transfer entropy are used to compute the amount of information transmitted between points on a structure. The resulting "information flow" is a probabilistic quantity that makes no assumptions about the underlying model and is therefore an appropriate tool for studying both linear and nonlinear coupling mechanisms. Both metrics can be used to quantify information transport, however they stem from fundamentally different assumptions. Time-delayed mutual information may be appropriately viewed as a nonlinear cross-correlation function, while transfer entropy incorporates the information provided by one dynamical process about another's transition probabilities. For a linear, two-degree-of-freedom structure subjected to Gaussian excitation, the exact formula for both quantities is derived. An algorithm is then presented for computing these measures from time series data and is shown to be in agreement with theory. Nonlinearity is then introduced into the system in the form of a bi-linear stiffness term between the system's masses. As the coupling changes from linear to nonlinear, the mutual information and transfer entropy curves exhibit characteristics that clearly identify the presence and degree of nonlinearity when compared with their "linearized" versions. Possible applications of this approach include structural health monitoring, where nonlinearity is often associated with structural damage. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.nichols@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8920 J9 PROBABILIST ENG MECH JI Probab. Eng. Eng. Mech. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 BP 420 EP 433 DI 10.1016/j.probengmech.2006.02.003 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mechanics; Mathematics GA 099QR UT WOS:000241610900013 ER PT J AU Voiculescu, IR Zaghloul, ME McGill, RA Vignola, JF AF Voiculescu, I. R. Zaghloul, M. E. McGill, R. A. Vignola, J. F. TI Modelling and measurements of a composite microcantilever beam for chemical sensing applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART C-JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cantilever beam; complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology; microelectromechanical systems; chemical sensing; partition coefficient I ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CANTILEVER ARRAY; CMOS TECHNOLOGY; MICROSTRUCTURES AB A resonant microcantilever beam gas sensor was designed and fabricated in Carnegie Mellon University using complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMU-CMOS) technology. The cantilever beam modified with a suitable sorbent coating was demonstrated as a chemical transducer for monitoring hazardous vapours and gases at trace concentrations. The design of the cantilever beam included interdigitated fingers to allow electrostatic actuation of the device and a piezoresistive Wheatstone bridge design to read out the deflection signal. The cantilever beam resonant frequency was modelled using the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and ANSYS. The beam resonant frequency was measured with an optical laser Doppler vibrometer. Good agreement was obtained among the measured, simulated, and modelled resonant frequencies. A custom sorbent polymer layer was coated on the surface of the cantilever beam to allow its operation as a gas-sensing device. The frequency response as a function of exposure to the nerve agent simulant dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP) at different concentrations was measured, which allowed a demonstrated detection at a concentration of 20 ppb or 0.1 mg/m(3). The air-polymer partition coefficient K, for DMMP was estimated and compared favourably with the known values for related polymers. C1 CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10024 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Voiculescu, IR (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, 340 W 85th St, New York, NY 10024 USA. EM ioana@gwu.edu NR 39 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0954-4062 J9 P I MECH ENG C-J MEC JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part C-J. Eng. Mech. Eng. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 220 IS 10 BP 1601 EP 1608 DI 10.1243/09544062JMES150 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 115VN UT WOS:000242762000012 ER PT J AU Zacharias, N Dorland, B AF Zacharias, N. Dorland, B. TI The concept of a stare-mode astrometric space mission SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID INTERFEROMETRY-MISSION; REDUCTION AB In this paper, we introduce the concept of a stare- mode astrometric space mission. The traditionally accepted mode of operation for a mapping astrometric space mission is that of a continuously scanning satellite, such as the successful Hipparcos and planned Gaia missions. With the advent of astrometry missions mapping out stars to 20th magnitude, the stare mode has become competitive. A stare mode of operation has several advantages over a scanning mission if absolute parallax and throughput issues can be successfully addressed. Requirements for a stare- mode operation are outlined here. The mission precision for a stare- mode astrometric mission is derived as a function of instrumental parameters, and examples are given. The stare- mode concept has been accepted as a baseline for the NASA road map study of the Origins Billions Star Survey ( OBSS) mission and the proposed Milliarcsecond Pathfinder Survey ( MAPS) microsatellite project. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Zacharias, N (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM nz@usno.navy.mil; bdorland@usno.navy.mil NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 118 IS 848 BP 1419 EP 1427 DI 10.1086/508299 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 103AI UT WOS:000241855000006 ER PT J AU Johnston, KJ Dorland, B Gaume, R Hennessy, G Olling, R Zacharias, N Behr, B Efroimsky, M Hajian, A Harris, H Hilton, J Kaplan, G Monet, D Munn, J Pier, J Vrba, F Seidelmann, K Seager, S Pravdo, S Coste, K Danner, R Grillmair, C Stauffer, J Boss, A Currie, D Danchi, W Gould, A Kopeikin, S Majewski, S Makarov, V McMillan, R Peterson, DM Shaya, E Unwin, S AF Johnston, K. J. Dorland, B. Gaume, R. Hennessy, G. Olling, R. Zacharias, N. Behr, B. Efroimsky, M. Hajian, A. Harris, H. Hilton, J. Kaplan, G. Monet, D. Munn, J. Pier, J. Vrba, F. Seidelmann, K. Seager, S. Pravdo, S. Coste, K. Danner, R. Grillmair, C. Stauffer, J. Boss, A. Currie, D. Danchi, W. Gould, A. Kopeikin, S. Majewski, S. Makarov, V. McMillan, R. Peterson, D. M. Shaya, E. Unwin, S. TI The Origins Billions Star Survey: Galactic explorer SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID SAGITTARIUS DWARF GALAXY; SKY SURVEY VIEW; SURFACE MASS DENSITY; PROPER MOTION; MILKY-WAY; PLANETS; KINEMATICS; SPACE; CORE; DISK AB The Origins Billions Star Survey is a mission concept addressing the astrophysics of extrasolar planets, Galactic structure, the Galactic halo and tidal streams, the Local Group and local supercluster of galaxies, dark matter, star formation, open clusters, the solar system, and the celestial reference frame by determining the position, parallax, and proper motion, as well as photometry, for billions of stars down to 23rd visual magnitude. It is capable of surveying the entire celestial sphere or dwelling on a star field by varying the cadence of observations. The mission's ability to measure objects fainter than 17th magnitude allows a large number of extragalactic compact objects to be observed, making the astrometric measurements absolute. The project mission accuracy is comparable to Gaia for a survey mission. Improved accuracy can be achieved by dwelling on a particular star field or by using the Gaia positions at 14th magnitude to improve the positions of objects at the 18th - 23rd visual magnitudes. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Northrop Grumman Aerosp Corp, Bethpage, NY 11714 USA. Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys & Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Johnston, KJ (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RI Kopeikin, Sergei/A-8857-2009; OI Kopeikin, Sergei/0000-0002-4866-1532; Makarov, Valeri/0000-0003-2336-7887; Efroimsky, Michael/0000-0003-1249-9622 NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 118 IS 848 BP 1428 EP 1442 DI 10.1086/508903 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 103AI UT WOS:000241855000007 ER PT J AU Apruzese, JP Clark, RW Davis, J Sanford, TWL Nash, TJ Mock, RC Peterson, DL AF Apruzese, J. P. Clark, R. W. Davis, J. Sanford, T. W. L. Nash, T. J. Mock, R. C. Peterson, D. L. TI Diagnosing the properties of dynamic Hohlraums with tracer spectroscopy (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID X-RAY SOURCE; RADIATION; ALUMINUM; PLASMAS; ARGON; POWER AB A dynamic Hohlraum (DH) is formed when arrays of tungsten wires driven by a high current pulse implode upon a cylindrical foam target. At impact, the wire plasma launches a radiating shock in the foam and confines the radiation. This sequence of events forms an intense, similar to 200 - 250 eV Planckian x-ray source which is a prime candidate for indirect drive inertial confinement fusion. In recent DH experiments on the 20 MA Z facility, Al and MgF2 tracer layers were embedded in the cylindrical foam targets to provide K-shell lines in the keV spectral region for diagnosing the conditions of the interior Hohlraum plasma. Time-resolved K-shell spectra of both Al and Mg show mostly absorption lines. These data can be understood and quantitatively analyzed with detailed atomic and radiation transport models. The analyses show no evidence of intrinsic differences in the properties of the tops and bottoms of the Hohlraums. The interiors of the cylindrical Hohlraums are found to be hotter than the ends. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Apruzese, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM apruzese@ppd.nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10F303 DI 10.1063/1.2219436 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800201 ER PT J AU Fuller, WC AF Fuller, William C., Jr. TI The Russo-Japanese war in global perspective. World war zero. SO RUSSIAN REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Fuller, WC (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0036-0341 J9 RUSS REV JI Russ. Rev. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 65 IS 4 BP 705 EP 707 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 080MR UT WOS:000240252500023 ER PT J AU Roberts, LTD Hopkins, M Miller, S Schafer, TW AF Roberts, Dustin Hopkins, Michael Miller, Steven Schafer, T. W. TI Gastric MALT lymphoma in the absence of Helicobacter pylori infection presenting as an upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gastric MALT lymphoma; upper gastrointestinal bleeding; endoscopy; radiation therapy ID TISSUE LYMPHOMA; STOMACH; PROTEIN AB Gastric MALT lymphoma is almost exclusively a sequelae of Helicobacter pylori infection and rarely presents with profuse bleeding. Gastric mucosa is not normally thought to contain lymphoid tissue, yet in the presence of H pylori reactive lymphoid follicles form which are possibly throught to predispose the patient to developing lymphoma. GI bleeding from these tumors is common during treatment as a consequence of tumor regression or necrosis. We present the case of a MALT Lymphoma in a 59 year-old woman manifesting as a brisk upper GI bleed without serologic or microbiologic evidence of an H pylori infection. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Dept Internal Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Hematol & Oncol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol & Endoscopy, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Schafer, TW (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Dept Internal Med, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM twschafer@mar.med.navy.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 99 IS 10 BP 1134 EP 1136 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 134GZ UT WOS:000244072800020 ER PT J AU Wiltbank, R Dew, N Read, S Sarasvathy, SD AF Wiltbank, Robert Dew, Nicholas Read, Stuart Sarasvathy, Saras D. TI What to do next? The case for non-predictive strategy SO STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE strategy making; uncertainty; decision making; market creation; construction; effectuation ID HIGH-VELOCITY ENVIRONMENTS; DECISION-PROCESSES; FIRM PERFORMANCE; DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES; MODERATING ROLE; BASIC PREMISES; DESIGN SCHOOL; REAL OPTIONS; MANAGEMENT; RATIONALITY AB Two prescriptions dominate the topic of what firms should do next in uncertain situations: planning approaches and adaptive approaches. These differ primarily on the appropriate role of prediction in the decision process. Prediction is a central issue in strategy making owing to the presumption that what can be predicted can be controlled. In this paper we argue for the independence of prediction and control. This implies that the pursuit of successful outcomes can occur through control-oriented approaches that may essentially be non-predictive. We further develop and highlight control-oriented approaches with particular emphasis on the question of what organizations should do next. We also explore how these approaches may impact the costs and risks of firm strategies as well as the firm's continual efforts to innovate. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Willamette Univ, Aktinson Grad Sch Managment, Salem, OR 97301 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. IMD, Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Virginia, Darden Grad Sch Business Adm, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Wiltbank, R (reprint author), Willamette Univ, Aktinson Grad Sch Managment, Salem, OR 97301 USA. EM wiltbank@willamette.edu NR 88 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 14 U2 111 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0143-2095 J9 STRATEGIC MANAGE J JI Strateg. Manage. J. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 27 IS 10 BP 981 EP 998 DI 10.1002/smj.555 PG 18 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA 087YN UT WOS:000240778800005 ER PT J AU Freitas, J Gil, B Monemar, B Mueller, G Rupp, R AF Freitas, Jaime Gil, Bernard Monemar, Bo Mueller, Georg Rupp, Roland TI Proceedings of Symposium S on Material Science and Technology of Wide Bandgap Semiconductors of the 2006 European Materials Research Society Meeting, Nice, France, 29 May 2 June 2006 - Preface SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ESTD, NRL, Elect Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Montpellier 2, GES, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. RP Gil, B (reprint author), ESTD, NRL, Elect Mat Branch, Code 6877,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jaime.Freitas@nri.navy.mil; gil@ges.univ-montp2.fr; bom@ifm.liu.se; georg.mueller@ww.uni-erlangen.de; roland.rupp@infineon.com RI Materials, Semiconductor/I-6323-2013; Monemar, Bo/B-3718-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 40 IS 4-6 BP 191 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.spmi.2006.10.003 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 122EJ UT WOS:000243208200001 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN AF Kostoff, Ronald N. TI Systematic acceleration of radical discovery and innovation in science and technology SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE discovery; innovation; science and technology; text mining; literature-based discovery; literature-assisted discovery; radical discovery; radical innovation; information retrieval; unconnected disciplines; disparate disciplines; interdisciplinary; multidisciplinary; solicitations; special issues; workshops; roadmaps; advisory panels; review panels; war games ID DATABASE TOMOGRAPHY; FISH-OIL; BIBLIOMETRICS; MAGNESIUM; LITERATURES; CONNECTIONS; INFORMATION; MIGRAINE; RAYNAUDS; ROADMAPS AB A systematic two-component approach (front-end component, back-end component) to bridging unconnected disciplines and accelerating potentially radical discovery and innovation (based wholly or partially on text mining procedures) is presented. The front-end component has similar objectives to those in the classical literature-based discovery (LBD) approach, although it is different mechanistically and operationally. The front-end component will systematically identify technical disciplines (and their associated leading experts) that are directly or indirectly-related to solving technical problems of high interest. The back-end component is actually a family of back-end techniques, only one of which shares the strictly literature-based analysis of the classical LBD approach. The non-LBD back-end techniques (literature-assisted discovery) make use of the human experts associated with the disparate literatures (disciplines) uncovered in the front-end to generate radical discovery and innovation. Specifically, in the literature-assisted discovery operational mode, these disparate discipline experts could be used as: 1. Recipients of solicitation announcements (BAA, SBIR, MURI, journal Special Issue calls for papers, etc.), 2. Participants in Workshops, Advisory Panels, Review Panels, Roadmaps, and War Games, 3. Points of Contact for Field Science Advisors, Foreign Field Offices, Program Officer site visits, and potential transitions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 33 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 EI 1873-5509 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 73 IS 8 BP 923 EP 936 DI 10.1016/j.techfore.2005.09.004 PG 14 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 089ES UT WOS:000240863700002 ER PT J AU McBride, WM AF McBride, William M. TI Making waves: Politics, propaganda, and the emergence of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1868-1922 SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McBride, WM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 47 IS 4 BP 833 EP 834 DI 10.1353/tech.2006.0241 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 100MY UT WOS:000241674400020 ER PT J AU Regnier, E Harr, PA AF Regnier, Eva Harr, Patrick A. TI A dynamic decision model applied to hurricane landfall SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID FALLOWING-PLANTING PROBLEM; LOSS RATIO SITUATION; WEATHER INFORMATION; ATLANTIC BASIN; ECONOMIC VALUE; MAKING MODEL; FORECASTS; EVACUATION; PROTOTYPE; WOLF AB The decision to prepare for an oncoming hurricane is typically framed as a static cost: loss problem, based on a strike-probability forecast. The value of waiting for updated forecasts is therefore neglected. In this paper, the problem is reframed as a sequence of interrelated decisions that more accurately represents the situation faced by a decision maker monitoring an evolving tropical cyclone. A key feature of the decision model is that the decision maker explicitly anticipates and plans for future forecasts whose accuracy improves as lead time declines. A discrete Markov model of hurricane travel is derived from historical tropical cyclone tracks and combined with the dynamic decision model to estimate the additional value that can be extracted from existing forecasts by anticipating updated forecasts, rather than incurring an irreversible preparation cost based on the instantaneous strike probability. The value of anticipating forecasts depends on the specific alternatives and cost profile of each decision maker, but conceptual examples for targets at Norfolk, Virginia, and Galveston, Texas, yield expected savings ranging up to 8% relative to repeated static decisions. In real-time decision making, forecasts of improving information quality could be used in combination with strike-probability forecasts to evaluate the trade-off between lead time and forecast accuracy, estimate the value of waiting for improving forecasts, and thereby reduce the frequency of false alarms. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Harr, PA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Code MR Hp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM paharr@nps.edu NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 21 IS 5 BP 764 EP 780 DI 10.1175/WAF958.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 096FO UT WOS:000241363200006 ER PT J AU Tran, KN Hill, MR Hackel, LA AF Tran, Kim N. Hill, Michael R. Hackel, Lloyd A. TI Laser shock peening improves fatigue life of lightweight alloys SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Met Improvement Co, Paramus, NJ USA. RP Tran, KN (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. EM kimngoc.tran@navy.mil RI Hill, Michael/A-2525-2016 OI Hill, Michael/0000-0002-9168-211X NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA 550 N W LEJEUNE RD, MIAMI, FL 33126 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 85 IS 10 BP 28 EP 31 PG 4 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 089HN UT WOS:000240871400003 ER PT J AU Ollinger, M Kim, H Sutto, T Pique, A AF Ollinger, M. Kim, H. Sutto, T. Pique, A. TI Laser printing of nanocomposite solid-state electrolyte membranes for Li micro-batteries SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE solid-state electrolyte; polymer nanocomposite; micro-battery; laser direct-write ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; TRANSPORT AB The electrochemical and mechanical properties of nanocomposite solid-state electrolyte membranes deposited using a laser direct-write technique from a suspended solution comprised of an ionic liquid (1,2-dimethyl-3-n-butylimidazolium-bis-trifluoromethanesulfonylimide)-polymer (poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)) matrix with dispersed nano-particles (TiO2) are reported and discussed. These laser printed nanocomposite solid-state membranes are shown to exhibit the proper electrochemical behavior for ionic liquids while maintaining the strength and flexibility of the polymer matrix. This combination of physical properties and deposition technique makes these deposited nanocomposite membranes ideally suited for use as an electrolyte/separator in Li micro-batteries. Sample Li micro-batteries using these laser printed nanocomposite membranes have been fabricated and their charge/discharge behavior tested, demonstrating the feasibility of using these nanocomposite membranes in Li micro-battery applications. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pique@nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 7 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD SEP 30 PY 2006 VL 252 IS 23 BP 8212 EP 8216 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.10.041 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 091TD UT WOS:000241050300031 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Bair, S Casalini, R AF Roland, C. M. Bair, S. Casalini, R. TI Thermodynamic scaling of the viscosity of van der Waals, H-bonded, and ionic liquids SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; POTENTIAL-ENERGY LANDSCAPE; GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; SELF-DIFFUSION; HIGH-PRESSURE; POLY(PROPYLENE GLYCOL); DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; ALPHA-RELAXATION; HYDROGEN-BONDS AB Viscosities eta and their temperature T and volume V dependences are reported for seven molecular liquids and polymers. In combination with literature viscosity data for five other liquids, we show that the superpositioning of relaxation times for various glass-forming materials when expressed as a function of TV gamma, where the exponent gamma is a material constant, can be extended to the viscosity. The latter is usually measured to higher temperatures than the corresponding relaxation times, demonstrating the validity of the thermodynamic scaling throughout the supercooled and higher T regimes. The value of gamma for a given liquid principally reflects the magnitude of the intermolecular forces (e.g., steepness of the repulsive potential); thus, we find decreasing gamma in going from van der Waals fluids to ionic liquids. For some strongly H-bonded materials, such as low molecular weight polypropylene glycol and water, the superpositioning fails, due to the nontrivial change of chemical structure (degree of H bonding) with thermodynamic conditions. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr High Pressure Rheol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil NR 84 TC 125 Z9 125 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 28 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 12 AR 124508 DI 10.1063/1.2346679 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 089JP UT WOS:000240877000036 PM 17014192 ER PT J AU Urban, JJ Tillman, BG Cronin, WA AF Urban, Joseph J. Tillman, Brendon G. Cronin, William Andrew TI Fluoroolefins as peptide mimetics: A computational study of structure, charge distribution, hydration, and hydrogen bonding SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-FORCE FIELD; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; SET SUPERPOSITION ERROR; N-METHYLACETAMIDE; AB-INITIO; DIPEPTIDE ISOSTERES; POPULATION ANALYSIS; SOLVENT WATER; FREE-ENERGIES; GAS-PHASE AB The design of peptide mimetic compounds is greatly facilitated by the identification of functionalities that can act as peptide replacements. The fluoroalkene moiety has recently been employed for that purpose. The purpose of this work is to characterize prototypical fluoroalkenes (fluoroethylene and 2-fluoro-2-butene) with respect to key properties of peptides (amides) including structure, charge distribution, hydration, and hydrogen bonding. The results are compared to those obtained for model peptides (formamide, N-methylacetamide). Calculations have been carried out at the MP2 and B3LYP levels of theory with the 6-311++G(2d,p) and 6-311++G(2d,2p) basis sets. The results suggest that the fluoroalkene is similar in steric requirements to a peptide bond but that there is less charge separation. Calculations of the hydration free energies with the PCM bulk continuum solvent model indicate that the fluoroalkene has much smaller hydration free energies than an amide but that the difference in solvation free energy for cis and trans isomers is comparable. In studies of complexes with water molecules, the fluoroalkene is found to engage in interactions that are analogous to backbone hydrogen-bonding interactions that govern many properties of natural peptides and proteins but with smaller interaction energies. In addition, key structural differences are noted when the fluoroalkene is playing the role of hydrogen-bond acceptor which may have implications in binding, aggregation, and conformational preferences in fluoroalkene peptidomimetics. The issue of cooperativity in hydrogen-bonding interactions in complexes with multiple waters has also been investigated. The fluoroalkene is found to exhibit cooperative effects that mirror those of the peptide but are smaller in magnitude. Thus, pairwise addivitity of interactions appears to more adequately describe the fluoroalkenes than the peptides they are intended to mimic. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Urban, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 472 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM urban@usna.edu NR 63 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 28 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 38 BP 11120 EP 11129 DI 10.1021/jp062881n PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 086DW UT WOS:000240654800023 PM 16986846 ER PT J AU Kohut, JT Glenn, SM Paduan, JD AF Kohut, Josh T. Glenn, Scott M. Paduan, Jeffrey D. TI Inner shelf response to Tropical Storm Floyd SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OCEAN CURRENT RESPONSE; MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; INERTIAL OSCILLATIONS; HURRICANE; CURRENTS; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; RADAR; MODEL; WAVES AB A continuously operated coastal observatory off the southern coast of New Jersey provides an opportunity to study both long-term trends and episodic events. On the evening of 16 September 1999, Tropical Storm Floyd moved up the New Jersey coast directly over the observatory. The response of the inner shelf is characterized using a depth-averaged (DA) and surface layer (SL) model in conjunction with direct observations. During the storm, the DA model was more representative of the observed response. While there was a peak in the near-inertial band of the depth average current, the response was not the typical clockwise ringing response seen in deepwater stratified regions. Instead the shallow, well-mixed inner shelf responded with an alongshore current oscillation balanced by the alongshore pressure gradient and bottom stress. The increased influence of bottom friction damps the typical inertial tail seen in deeper ocean responses and shortens the relaxation phase from several days to hours. Immediately following the storm, the surface layer model better represents the observed currents. It appears that the excessive rainfall associated with the storm and the resulting freshening of the inner shelf isolate the surface layer from the effect of bottom friction. The large waves and currents associated with the storm increase the potential for a sediment resuspension and transport event. Unlike the typical nor'easter in which the transport in this location is alongshore toward the south and onshore, the currents coinciding with the largest waves are alongshore toward the south but with an offshore component. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kohut, JT (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM kohut@imcs.rutgers.edu NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 27 PY 2006 VL 111 IS C9 AR C09S91 DI 10.1029/2003JC002173 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 090JF UT WOS:000240946600001 ER PT J AU Ricks-Laskoski, HL Snow, AW AF Ricks-Laskoski, Holly L. Snow, Arthur W. TI Synthesis and electric field actuation of an ionic liquid polymer SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MONOMERS C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ricks-Laskoski, HL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM holly.ricks-laskoski@nrl.navy.mil; arthur.snow@nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 27 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 38 BP 12402 EP 12403 DI 10.1021/ja064264i PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 085OF UT WOS:000240612700026 PM 16984175 ER PT J AU Benson, CM Drdla, K Nedoluha, GE Shettle, EP Alfred, J Hoppel, KW AF Benson, C. M. Drdla, K. Nedoluha, G. E. Shettle, E. P. Alfred, J. Hoppel, K. W. TI Polar stratospheric clouds in the 1998-2003 Antarctic vortex: Microphysical modeling and Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ICE; EVAPORATION; CONDENSATION; DEHYDRATION; WINTER; VALIDATION; PARTICLES; SIZE; H2O AB The Integrated Microphysics and Aerosol Chemistry on Trajectories ( IMPACT) model is used to study polar stratospheric cloud ( PSC) formation and evolution in the Antarctic vortex. The model is applied to individual air parcel trajectories driven by UK Met Office ( UKMO) wind and temperature fields. The IMPACT model calculates the parcel microphysics, including the formation and sedimentation of ice, nitric acid trihydrate ( NAT), sulfuric acid tetrahydrate ( SAT), and supercooled ternary solution ( STS) aerosols. Model results are validated by comparison with data obtained by the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement ( POAM) III solar occultation instrument and are examined for 6 years of POAM data ( 1998 - 2003). Comparisons of POAM water vapor and aerosol extinction measurements to the model results help to constrain three microphysical parameters influencing the formation and growth of both type I and type II PSCs. Principally, measurements of aerosol extinction prove to be valuable in differentiating model runs; the relationship of aerosol extinction to temperature is determined by the various particle types as they form and grow. Comparison of IMPACT calculations of this relationship to POAM measurements suggests that the initial fraction of nuclei available for heterogeneous NAT freezing is approximately 0.02% of all aerosols. Constraints are also placed on the accommodation coefficient of ice and the NAT- ice lattice compatibility. However, these two parameters have similar effects on the extinction- temperature relationship, and thus a range of values are permissible for each. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. RP Benson, CM (reprint author), NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 610-1,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM benson@gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 26 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D18 AR D18206 DI 10.1029/2005JD006948 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 090IT UT WOS:000240945300005 ER PT J AU Joshi, A Narsingi, KY Manasreh, MO Davis, EA Weaver, BD AF Joshi, Abhishek Narsingi, K. Y. Manasreh, M. O. Davis, E. A. Weaver, B. D. TI Temperature dependence of the band gap of colloidal CdSe/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals embedded into an ultraviolet curable resin SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; QUANTUM DOTS; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMER; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; EDGE; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE AB Optical absorption and photoluminescence techniques were used to investigate the energy band gap of CdSe/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals matrixed into a resin. The band gap is measured as a function of temperature for several samples with different nanocrystal diameters. Debye and Einstein temperatures were obtained by fitting the energy band gap using two different empirical expressions. Stokes shift was estimated by taking the difference between the first exciton and emission peaks. The Stokes shift was found to increase as the nanocrystal diameter is decreased suggesting a stronger electron-phonon coupling in smaller size nanocrystals. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Elect Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Dept Opt Engn, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Joshi, A (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Elect Engn, 3217 Bell Engn Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM manasreh@uark.edu NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 25 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 13 AR 131907 DI 10.1063/1.2357856 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 089JE UT WOS:000240875800037 ER PT J AU Solomon, P Barrett, J Mooney, T Connor, B Parrish, A Siskind, DE AF Solomon, Philip Barrett, James Mooney, Thomas Connor, Brian Parrish, Alan Siskind, David E. TI Rise and decline of active chlorine in the stratosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OZONE; ANTARCTICA; CHEMISTRY; MONOXIDE; CLO; AGE AB Our ground-based millimeter-wave measurements of chlorine monoxide (ClO) in the ozone layer above Hawaii since 1992, together with a few measurements from the same site using an earlier version of the same instrument during the 1980' s, provide a unique data set for the determination of the long-term trend of active chlorine in the middle stratosphere. The trend shows a rapid rise of 58% from 1982 to a broad maximum in 1994 - 1997 and a substantial decline of 1.5%/ year from the maximum through late 2004. About 1/3 of the decline may be due to changes in methane. Both the rise and the decline are consistent with that expected from the rise and decline of total chlorine in the troposphere, which reached a maximum in 1992 - 1993, then declined sharply after implementation of international agreements to phase out chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) production starting with the Montreal Protocol. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Omakau, Central Otago, New Zealand. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Solomon, P (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM philip.solomon@stonybrook.edu NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 23 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 18 AR L18807 DI 10.1029/2006GL027029 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 088QV UT WOS:000240827100004 ER EF