FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Lee, YT Farabee, TM Blake, WK AF Lee, Yu-Tai Farabee, Theodore M. Blake, William K. GP ASME TI Wall pressure fluctuations in the reattachment region of a backward facing step SO FEDSM 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH JOINT ASME/JSME FLUIDS ENGINEERING SUMMER CONFERENCE, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint ASME/JSME Fluids Engineering Summer Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fluids Engn Div, Japanese Soc Mech Engn ID TURBULENT BOUNDARY-LAYER; FLOW; NOISE; FIELD AB Steady mean flow fields and turbulent flow characteristics obtained from solving the Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations with a k-epsilon isotropic turbulence model are used to predict the frequency spectrum of wall-pressure fluctuations for flow past a backward facing step. The linear source term (LST) of the governing fluctuating-pressure equation is used in deriving the final double integration formula for the fluctuating wall pressure. The integrand of the solution formula includes the mean-flow velocity gradient, modeled turbulence normal fluctuation, Green's function and the spectral model for the interplane correlation. An anisotropic distribution of the turbulent kinetic energy is implemented using a function named anisotropic factor. This function represents a ratio of the turbulent normal Reynolds stress to the turbulent kinetic energy and is developed based on an equilibrium turbulent flow or flows with zero streamwise pressure gradient. The spectral correlation model for predicting the wall-pressure fluctuations is obtained through modeling of the streamwise and spanwise wavenumber spectra. The nonlinear Source term (NST) in the original fluctuating- pressure equation is considered following the Conclusion of Kim's direct numerical simulation (DNS) study of channel flow. Predictions of frequency spectra for the reattachment flow past a backward facing step (BFS) are investigated to verify the validity of the current modeling. Detailed turbulence features and wallpressure spectra for the flow in the reattachment region of the BFS are predicted and discussed. DNS and experimental data for BFSs are used to develop and validate these calculations. The prediction results based on different modeling characteristics and flow physics agree with the observed turbulence field. C1 [Lee, Yu-Tai; Farabee, Theodore M.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Lee, YT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4289-8 PY 2007 BP 551 EP 559 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM62 UT WOS:000254289800086 ER PT S AU Aggarwal, ID Shaw, LB Sanghera, JS AF Aggarwal, Ishwar D. Shaw, L. Brandon Sanghera, Jas S. BE Harter, DJ Tunnermann, A Broeng, J Headley, C TI Chalcogenide glass fiber based mid-IR sources and applications SO FIBER LASERS IV: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Fiber Laser - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE IR fibers; fiber lasers; mid-IR lasers ID WAVE IR; AS-S; LASER; GENERATION; AMPLIFIERS; BAND AB Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is developing chalcogenide glass fibers for applications in the mid and long wave IR wavelength regions from 2-12 mu m. The chalcogen glasses (i.e., glasses based on the elements S, Se, and Te) are transparent in the IR, possess low phonon energies, are chemically durable and can be drawn into fiber. Both conventional solid core/clad and microstructured fibers have been developed. Chalcogenide glass compositions have been developed which allow rare earth doping to enable rare earth doped fiber lasers in the IR. Also, highly nonlinear compositions have also been developed with nonlinearities similar to 1000x silica which enables nonlinear wavelength conversion from the near IR to the mid and long wave IR. In this paper, we review rare earth doped chalcogenide fiber for mid and long wave IR lasers and highly nonlinear chalcogenide fiber and photonic crystal fiber for wavelength conversion in the mid and long wave IR. C1 [Aggarwal, Ishwar D.; Shaw, L. Brandon; Sanghera, Jas S.] USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aggarwal, ID (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Tunnermann, Andreas/K-6453-2016 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6566-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6453 AR 645312 DI 10.1117/12.706532 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BGC70 UT WOS:000246052100029 ER PT S AU Share, GH Murphy, RJ AF Share, Gerald H. Murphy, Ronald J. BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI GLAST solar system science SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE solar flares; gamma rays; neutrons; particle acceleration; solar modulation; pion-decay ID GAMMA-RAY FLASHES; PARTICLE EVENTS; ORIGIN AB We briefly discuss GLAST's capabilities for observing high-energy radiation from various energetic phenomena in our solar system. These emissions include: bremsstrahlung, nuclear-line and pion-decay gamma-radiation, and neutrons from solar flares; bremsstrahlung and pion-decay gamma radiation from cosmic-ray interactions with the Sun, the Moon, and the Earth's atmosphere; and inverse Compton radiation from cosmic-ray electron interactions with sunlight. C1 [Share, Gerald H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Share, Gerald H.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Share, GH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU NASA [NNG06GG14G] FX We thank David Thompson and the AGU for permission to publish two figures from his paper on EGRET observations of lunar gamma rays. This work was supported in part by NASA Grant NNG06GG14G NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 109 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700026 ER PT S AU Dermer, CD AF Dermer, Charles D. BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI The extragalactic gamma ray background SO First GLAST Symposium SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE gamma-rays; blazars; background radiations ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; EGRET OBSERVATIONS; EMISSION; BLAZARS; GALAXIES; CLUSTERS; RADIO; TELESCOPE; EVOLUTION AB One way to understand the nonthermal history of the universe is by establishing the origins of the unresolved and truly diffuse extragalactic gamma rays. Dim blazars and radio/gamma galaxies certainly make an important contribution to the galactic gamma-ray background given the EGRET discoveries, and previous treatments are reviewed and compared with a new analysis. Studies of the gamma-ray intensity from cosmic rays in star-forming galaxies and from structure formation shocks, as well as from dim GRBs, are briefly reviewed. A new hard gamma-ray source class seems required from the predicted aggregate intensity compared with the measured intensity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 49 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 122 EP 126 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700028 ER PT S AU Lott, B Carson, J Ciprini, S Dermer, CD Giommi, P Madejski, G Lonjou, V Reimer, A AF Lott, B. Carson, J. Ciprini, S. Dermer, C. D. Giommi, P. Madejski, G. Lonjou, V. Reimer, A. CA GLAST-LAT Sci Working Grp BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Studying gamma-ray Blazars with the GLAST-LAT SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE active Galaxy Nuclei; gamma-rays ID EMISSION AB Thanks to its sensitivity, the GLAST LAT should detect many more (upwards of a thousand) gamma-ray blazars than currently known. This large blazar sample will enable detailed population studies to be carried out. Moreover, the LAT large field-of-view combined with the scanning mode will provide a very uniform exposure over the sky, allowing a constant monitoring of all detected blazars and flare alerts to be issued. Major specific issues regarding the blazar phenomenon that the LAT data should shed light on thanks to these capabilities are discussed, as well as the different approaches foreseen to address them. The associated data required in other hands, to be collected in contemporaneous/simultaneous muldwavelength campaigns are mentioned as well. C1 [Lott, B.; Lonjou, V.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CENBG, CNRS, IN2P3,UMR5797, BP 120, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Lott, B.; Carson, J.; Madejski, G.] SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ciprini, S.] Univ Perugia, INFN, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Dermer, C. D.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Giommi, P.] ESRIN, ASDC ASI, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Reimer, A.] KIPAC, HEPL, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lott, B (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 1, CENBG, CNRS, IN2P3,UMR5797, BP 120, F-33175 Gradignan, France. OI giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 347 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700091 ER PT S AU Le, T Dermer, CD AF Le, Trulong Dermer, Charles D. BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Gamma Ray Bursts in the Swift and GLAST era SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE gamma-rays : bursts; cosmology ID REDSHIFTS; MODEL AB We summarize our model for long-duration gamma ray bursts (GRBs) that fits the redshift (z) distributions measured with Swift and missions before Swift, and the pre-Swift GRB jet opening-angle distribution inferred from achromatic breaks in the optical light curves. We find that the comoving rate density of GRB sources exhibits positive evolution to z greater than or similar to 3 - 5, whereas the star formation rate inferred from measurements of the blue and UV luminosity density peaks at z similar to 1 - 3. The mean intrinsic beaming factor of GRBs is found to be approximate to 34 - 42, and we predict that the mean GRB optical jet opening half-angle measured with Swift is approximate to 10 degrees. We estimate the number of GRBs per year that GLAST is expected to observe based on ratios of BATSE and EGRET GRB fluences. C1 [Le, Trulong; Dermer, Charles D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Le, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NASA GLAST Science Investigation [DPR-S-1563-Y]; Office of Naval Research FX T.L. is funded through NASA GLAST Science Investigation No. DPR-S-1563-Y. The work of C.D.D. is supported by the Office of Naval Research. We thank Nicola Omodei and Brenda Dingus for discussions, and Brenda Dingus for pointing out how deadtime effects could be important for EGRET. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 462 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700148 ER PT S AU Murphy, RJ Dermer, CD AF Murphy, R. J. Dermer, C. D. BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI GLAST measurements of pion-decay and neutron emission in solar flares SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE pions; gamma rays; flares; particle acceleration AB Neutral- and charged-pion production resulting from proton-proton and proton-a interactions become significant in solar flares when the accelerated-ion energy spectrum extends to energies > 200 MeV nucleon(-1). Pion production can best be inferred from spectral measurements at energies > 10 MeV of the gamma-ray emission resulting from decay of the pions. GLAST will be able to measure the highest-energy portion of this pion-decay emission with excellent sensitivity. Comparison of such measurements with determinations of the accelerated-ion spectrum derived from deexcitation-line measurements at lower energies (as with the GBM) will probe the accelerated-ion spectrum at energies up to several GeV. We discuss pion production in solar flares and how the decay emission depends on the accelerated-ion spectrum and on the magnetic field and density where the pions decay. We also discuss neutron production in solar flares since GLAST will also be sensitive to neutrons. C1 [Murphy, R. J.; Dermer, C. D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Murphy, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 468 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700151 ER PT S AU Ormes, JF Atwood, W Burnett, T Grove, E Longo, F McEnery, J Mizuno, T Ritz, S AF Ormes, J. F. Atwood, W. Burnett, T. Grove, E. Longo, F. McEnery, J. Mizuno, T. Ritz, S. CA GLAST mission team BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI The GLAST background model SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE cosmic ray; gamma ray ID STATION; FLIGHT AB In order to estimate the ability of the GLAST/LAT to reject unwanted background of charged particles, optimize the on-board processing, size the required telemetry and optimize the GLAST orbit, we developed a detailed model of the background particles that would affect the LAT. In addition to the well-known components of the cosmic radiation, we included splash and reentrant components of protons, electrons (e+ and e-) from 10 MeV and beyond as well as the albedo gamma rays produced by cosmic ray interactions with the atmosphere. We made estimates of the irreducible background components produced by positrons and hadrons interacting in the multilayered micrometeorite shield and spacecraft surrounding the LAT and note that because the orbital debris has increased, the shielding required and hence the background are larger than were present in EGRET. Improvements to the model are currently being made to include the east-west effect. C1 [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Atwood, W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Burnett, T.] Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Grove, E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Longo, F.] Inst Nazionale Fis Nucleare, Frascati, Italy. [McEnery, J.; Ritz, S.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima, Japan. RP Ormes, JF (reprint author), Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RI McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 560 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700197 ER PT J AU Trites, AW Miller, AJ Maschner, HDG Alexander, MA Bograd, SJ Calder, JA Capotondi, A Coyle, KO Di Lorenzo, E Finney, BP Gregr, EJ Grosch, CE Hare, SR Hunt, GL Jahncke, J Kachel, NB Kim, HJ Ladd, C Mantua, NJ Marzban, C Maslowski, W Mendelssohn, R Neilson, DJ Okkonen, SR Overland, JE Reedy-Maschner, KL Royer, TC Schwing, FB Wang, JXL Winship, AJ AF Trites, Andrew W. Miller, Arthur J. Maschner, Herbert D. G. Alexander, Michael A. Bograd, Steven J. Calder, John A. Capotondi, Antonietta Coyle, Kenneth O. Di Lorenzo, Emanuele Finney, Bruce P. Gregr, Edward J. Grosch, Chester E. Hare, Steven R. Hunt, George L., Jr. Jahncke, Jaime Kachel, Nancy B. Kim, Hey-Jin Ladd, Carol Mantua, Nathan J. Marzban, Caren Maslowski, Wieslaw Mendelssohn, Roy Neilson, Douglas J. Okkonen, Stephen R. Overland, James E. Reedy-Maschner, Katherine L. Royer, Thomas C. Schwing, Franklin B. Wang, Julian X. L. Winship, Arliss J. TI Bottom-up forcing and the decline of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatas) in Alaska: assessing the ocean climate hypothesis SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE Aleutian Islands; climate regime shift; Gulf of Alaska; Steller sea lion ID CENTRAL ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; DETECTING REGIME SHIFTS; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; BERING-SEA; INTERDECADAL VARIATION; BAROCLINIC TRANSPORT; ATTENDANCE PATTERNS; POPULATION DECLINE; NORTHWESTERN GULF; MODEL SIMULATION AB Declines of Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) populations in the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska could be a consequence of physical oceanographic changes associated with the 1976-77 climate regime shift. Changes in ocean climate are hypothesized to have affected the quantity, quality, and accessibility of prey, which in turn may have affected the rates of birth and death of sea lions. Recent studies of the spatial and temporal variations in the ocean climate system of the North Pacific support this hypothesis. Ocean climate changes appear to have created adaptive opportunities for various species that are preyed upon by Steller sea lions at mid-trophic levels. The east-west asymmetry of the oceanic response to climate forcing after 1976-77 is consistent with both the temporal aspect (populations decreased after the late 1970s) and the spatial aspect of the decline (western, but not eastern, sea lion populations decreased). These broad-scale climate variations appear to be modulated by regionally sensitive biogeographic structures along the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska, which include a transition point from coastal to open-ocean conditions at Samalga Pass westward along the Aleutian Islands. These transition points delineate distinct clusterings of different combinations of prey species, which are in turn correlated with differential population sizes and trajectories of Steller sea lions. Archaeological records spanning 4000 yr further indicate that sea lion populations have experienced major shifts in abundance in the past. Shifts in ocean climate are the most parsimonious underlying explanation for the broad suite of ecosystem changes that have been observed in the North Pacific Ocean in recent decades. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA USA. NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Miller, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM ajmiller@ucsd.edu RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013; Ladd, Carol/M-6159-2014; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/E-9107-2012; Wang, Julian/C-3188-2016; OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427; Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/0000-0002-1935-7363; Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697 NR 122 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 4 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 46 EP 67 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2006.00408.x PG 22 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 117HB UT WOS:000242862700004 ER PT B AU McLean, J AF McLean, John GP ACM TI Formal Methods in Security Engineering Where We've Been, Where We Are, Where We Need to Go SO FMSE'07: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 ACM WORKSHOP ON FORMAL METHODS IN SECURITY ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ACM Workshop on Formal Methods in Security Engineering CY NOV 02, 2007 CL Fairfax, VA SP ACM SIGSAC C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McLean, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.mclean@nrl.navy.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-887-9 PY 2007 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BKI75 UT WOS:000268227100001 ER PT S AU Dorland, BN Hennessy, GS Zacharias, N Monet, DG Harris, H Rollins, C Shu, P Miko, L Mott, B Waczynski, A Kan, E Delo, G AF Dorland, Bryan N. Hennessy, Gregory S. Zacharias, Norbert Monet, David G. Harris, Hugh Rollins, Chris Shu, Peter Miko, Laddawan Mott, Brent Waczynski, Augustyn Kan, Emily Delo, Gregory BE Grycewicz, TJ Marshall, CJ Warren, PG TI Laboratory and sky testing results for the TIS H4RG-10 4k x 4k, 10 micron visible CMOS-Hybrid detector - art. no. 66900D SO Focal Plane Arrays for Space Telescopes III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Focal Plane Arrays for Space Telescopes III CY AUG 27-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA DE CMOS-Hybrid; performance testing; astrometric testing AB We present both laboratory and telescope testing results describing the performance of the H4RG-10 CMOS-Hybrid detector. The H4RG-10 is the largest visible hybrid array currently in existence and shows great potential for use in future space missions. We report read noise, dark current, pixel connectivity, persistence, and inter-pixel capacitance measurements for the temperature range 110-240 K. We report on quantitative astrometric and qualitative photometric performance of the instrument based on observations made at USNO's Flagstaff Station observatory and establish an upper limit to the astrometric performance of the detector. We discuss additional testing and future work associated with improving detector performance. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Dorland, BN (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6838-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6690 BP D6900 EP D6900 AR 66900D DI 10.1117/12.734145 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering; Optics GA BGX10 UT WOS:000251052300011 ER PT S AU Dorland, BN Hennessy, GS Zacharias, N Rollins, C Huber, D Kessel, R AF Dorland, Bryan N. Hennessy, Gregory S. Zacharias, Norbert Rollins, Chris Huber, David Kessel, Robert BE Grycewicz, TJ Marshall, CJ Warren, PG TI Astrometric sky testing results for the TIS 5-micron 3T-class CMOS detector - art. no. 66900J SO Focal Plane Arrays for Space Telescopes III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Focal Plane Arrays for Space Telescopes III CY AUG 27-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA DE CMOS; star mapping; star tracker; astrometry AB CMOS-based focal planes have many potential advantages over CCDs for use in space for star mapping/star tracking applications. These include more flexible readout circuitry-and improved radiation tolerance. There are also weaknesses, including noise performance, quantum efficiency, and potential systematics introduced by the presence of circuitry on the photosensitive side of the detector. In this paper, we measure the effects of these sources of error on centroiding and photometry for the HDTV (1k x 2k) SI-1920HD camera by observing stellar reference fields using USNO's 8-inch Twin Astrograph telescope in Flagstaff, AZ This camera serves as an archetype for the entire family of related TIS detectors, including the 3k x 4k V12M and the 7.6k x 7.6k V59M. We determine an upper limit for the astrometric centroiding performance for this class of detector to be similar to 1/30(th) of a pixel. There are indications that better performance may be possible if improvements are made to the temperature control system used for this first set of observations. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Dorland, BN (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6838-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6690 BP J6900 EP J6900 AR 66900J DI 10.1117/12.734065 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering; Optics GA BGX10 UT WOS:000251052300016 ER PT S AU Dorland, BN Foltz, R Waczynski, A AF Dorland, Bryan N. Foltz, Roger Waczynski, Augustyn BE Grycewicz, TJ Marshall, CJ Warren, PG TI Laboratory and radiation performance testing results for the e2v model 212 CCD - art. no. 66900K SO Focal Plane Arrays for Space Telescopes III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Focal Plane Arrays for Space Telescopes III CY AUG 27-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA DE CCDs; star mapping; star tracker; astrometry; proton damage; notches; mini-channels; charge canals AB The e2v CCD212 was designed and developed explicitly to support very high accuracy astrometric observations in moderate radiation environments in space. One of the major new innovations in the detector is the use of "charge canals", i.e. regions of raised potential walls rather than notches or channels, in order to mitigate bulk damage effects without the CTI discontinuities associated with spilling over the notch capacity. We report on both pre- and post-radiation performance test results for this detector. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Dorland, BN (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6838-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6690 BP K6900 EP K6900 AR 66900K DI 10.1117/12.733974 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering; Optics GA BGX10 UT WOS:000251052300017 ER PT S AU Kessel, R Scharpf, WJ Huber, DM Rollins, CJ Dorland, B Hennessy, GS Plourde, BE AF Kessel, Robert Scharpf, William J. Huber, David M. Rollins, Christopher J. Dorland, Bryan Hennessy, Greg S. Plourde, Bertrand E. BE Grycewicz, TJ Marshall, CJ Warren, PG TI Radiometric and noise characteristics of SI-1920HD cameras built from the AltaSens ProCamHD 3560 FPA SO FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS FOR SPACE TELESCOPES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Focal Plane Arrays for Space Telescopes III CY AUG 27-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA DE AltaSens ProCamHD 3560 FPA; 3T CMOS detector; radiometric calibration; dark frame; conversion gain; well depth AB This paper presents the radiometric and noise characteristics of 12-bit SI-1920HD cameras built from the AltaSens ProCamHD 3560 FPA as a function of integration time and temperature. Our measurements are for two integration time regions: I to 50 millisecond, which is standard for video operation; and 1 to 240 seconds, of possible use for stellar observations. For 1 to 50 millisecond integration times, the cameras are extremely linear with a Gaussian-like dark frame. As we increased to seconds-long integration times, the camera initially remains radiometrically linear, but develops a dark frame with the vast majority of pixels at dn=5. Further increases in integration time eventually result in a saturated dark frame with all pixels at dn=4095. Reducing the operating temperature to -7.2 degrees C increased the integration times at which the camera's two transitions occur by a factor of 20. The calibration parameters determined from our measurements were applied to the image data collected by Dorland et al. (these proceedings). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kessel, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8123, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM robert.kessel@nrl.navy.mil; william.scharpf@nrl.navy.mil; huber@researchsupport.com; rollins@researchsupport.com; bdorland@usno.navy.mil; gsh@usno.navy.mil; plourde@assurtech.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6838-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6690 AR 66900I DI 10.1117/12.734704 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering; Optics GA BGX10 UT WOS:000251052300015 ER PT S AU Zacharias, N Dorland, B Bredthauer, R Boggs, K Bredthauer, G Lesser, M AF Zacharias, Norbert Dorland, Bryan Bredthauer, Richard Boggs, Kasey Bredthauer, Greg Lesser, Mike BE Grycewicz, TJ Marshall, CJ Warren, PG TI Realization and application of a 111 million pixel backside-illuminated detector and camera SO FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS FOR SPACE TELESCOPES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Focal Plane Arrays for Space Telescopes III CY AUG 27-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA DE astrometry; large-format CCD; all-sky-survey; star tracker; space Situational awareness ID URAT AB A full-wafer, 10,580 X 10,560 pixel (95 x 95 mm) CCD was designed and tested at Semiconductor Technology Associates (STA) with 9 mu m square pixels and 16 outputs. The chip was successfully fabricated in 2006 at DALSA and some performance results are presented here. This program was funded by the Office of Naval Research through a Small Business Innovation in Research (SBIR) program requested by the U.S. Naval Observatory for its next generation astrometric sky survey programs. Using Leach electronics, low read-noise output of the 111 million pixels requires 16 seconds at 0.9 MHz. Alternative electronics developed at STA allow readout at 20 MHz. Some modifications of the design to include anti-blooming features, a larger number of outputs, and use of p-channel material for space applications are discussed. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Zacharias, N (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM nz@ausno.navy.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6838-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6690 AR 669008- DI 10.1117/12.736961 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering; Optics GA BGX10 UT WOS:000251052300006 ER PT S AU Orden, KF Viirre, E Kobus, DA AF Van Orden, Karl F. Viirre, Erik Kobus, David A. BE Schmorrow, DD Reeves, LM TI Augmenting task-centered design with operator state assessment technologies SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Foundation of Augmented Cognition CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA ID DROWSINESS; AWARENESS; EEG AB Task-Centered Design (TCD) of human-system interfaces focuses on supporting the user throughout all phases of tasks, from initiation to completion. TCD typically requires software that monitors aspects of system information to trigger tasks, develop user-friendly information sets, propose task solutions and actions, and confirm actions as directed and approved by the operator. The operator monitors tasks awaiting completion on a Task Manager display. We demonstrate that moment-to-moment operator workload monitoring is greatly facilitated by TCD. Workload estimates were obtained every 2-min over the course of a 35-min test session during an air defense command and control scenario. Workload was readily modeled by the task loading, and the density of track icons on the display. A second study related the unitary workload estimates to NASA TLX workload subscales. Unpublished data from our laboratory indicated that eye activity measures (e.g., blink frequency and duration, pupil diameter, fixation frequency and dwell time) did not improve the estimation of workload. These findings indicate that at least for well-executed TCD systems, eye tracking technologies may be best employed to monitor for fatigue and incongruities between the focus of attention and task requirements. Recent findings using EEG hold promise for the identification of specific brain signatures of confusion, orientation, and loss of situational awareness. Thus the critical element of human directed systems is good initial design. Understanding of the task will lead to system automation that can balance the workload of the operator, who is functioning in a normal state. However, physiological monitoring will be most useful if operators veer beyond their normal conditions and are confused, overloaded, disoriented or have other impairments to their abilities. By detecting the operator's loss of function early, inappropriate operator inputs can potentially be avoided. C1 [Van Orden, Karl F.; Viirre, Erik] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Kobus, David A.] Pacif Sci & Engn, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Orden, KF (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-73215-0 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2007 VL 4565 BP 212 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGK68 UT WOS:000248044600024 ER PT S AU Stripling, R Coyne, JT Cole, A Afergan, D Barnes, RL Rossi, KA Reeves, LM Schmorrow, DD AF Stripling, Roy Coyne, Joseph T. Cole, Anna Afergan, Daniel Barnes, Raymond L. Rossi, Kelly A. Reeves, Leah M. Schmorrow, Dylan D. BE Schmorrow, DD Reeves, LM TI Automated SAF adaptation tool (ASAT) SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Foundation of Augmented Cognition CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE semi-automated forces; SAF; real-time; adaptation; virtual environment; training; cognitive state ID TASK AB The purpose of this paper is to describe a new, user-friendly tool that will enable researchers and instructors to setup and run virtual environment scenarios that adapt to the VE user's real-time performance and cognitive status. This tool, the Automated SAF Adaptation Tool (ASAT), will work with existing performance and cognitive state assessment software, and with existing semi-automated forces (SAF) behavior engines. ASAT will collect processed performance and cognitive state data from the assessment software and trigger SAF behavior setting manipulations that were pre-selected by the SAF operator. A key feature of ASAT is the ability to setup and execute these real-time manipulations without the need to alter code in either the assessment software or the SAF engines. C1 [Stripling, Roy; Coyne, Joseph T.] USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cole, Anna; Afergan, Daniel; Barnes, Raymond L.; Rossi, Kelly A.] Strategic Anal Inc, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. [Reeves, Leah M.] Potomac Inst Policy Studie, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Schmorrow, Dylan D.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Stripling, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roy.stripling@nrl.navy.mil; joseph.coyne@nrl.navy.mil; acole@sainc.com; dafergan@sainc.com; lbarnes@sainc.com; krossi@sainc.com; lreeves@potomacinstitute.org; schmord@onr.navy.mil NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-73215-0 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2007 VL 4565 BP 346 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGK68 UT WOS:000248044600039 ER PT S AU Nicholson, DM Fidopiastis, CM Davis, LD Schmorrow, DD Stanney, KM AF Nicholson, Denise M. Fidopiastis, Cali M. Davis, Larry D. Schmorrow, Dylan D. Stanney, Kay M. BE Schmorrow, DD Reeves, LM TI An adaptive instructional architecture for training and education SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Foundation of Augmented Cognition CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE adaptive training systems; augmented cognition; simulation AB Office of Naval Research (ONR) initiatives such as Human Performance Training and Education (HPT&E) as well as Virtual Technologies and Environments (VIRTE) have primarily focused on developing the strategies and technologies for creating multimodal reality or simulation based content. Resulting state-of-the-art training and education prototype simulators still rely heavily on instructors to interpret performance data, and adapt instruction via scenario generation, mitigations, feedback and after action review tools. Further research is required to fully close the loop and provide automated, adaptive instruction in these learning environments. To meet this goal, an ONR funded initiative focusing on the Training and Education arm of the HPT&E program will address the processes and components required to deliver these capabilities in the form of an Adaptive Instructional Architecture (AIA). An overview of the AIA as it applies to Marine Corps Warfighter training protocols is given as well as the theoretical foundations supporting it. C1 [Nicholson, Denise M.; Fidopiastis, Cali M.; Davis, Larry D.] Univ Cent Florida, Inst Simulat & Training, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Schmorrow, Dylan D.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Stanney, Kay M.] Univ Cent Florida, Coll Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Nicholson, DM (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Inst Simulat & Training, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM dnichols@ist.ucf.edu; cfidopia@ist.ucf.edu; ldavis@ist.ucf.edu; SCHMORD@ONR.NAVY.MIL; Stanney@mail.ucf.edu FU Office of Naval Research; Human Performance Training and Education (HPT&E) through a Presidential Equipment; University of Central Florida FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research as part of the Human Performance Training and Education (HPT&E) program and through a Presidential Equipment Grant from the University of Central Florida. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-73215-0 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2007 VL 4565 BP 380 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGK68 UT WOS:000248044600043 ER PT S AU Bolton, A Campbell, G Schmorrow, D AF Bolton, Amy Campbell, Gwendolyn Schmorrow, Dylan BE Schmorrow, DD Reeves, LM TI Towards a closed-loop training system: Using a physiological-based diagnosis of the trainee's state to drive feedback delivery choices SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Foundation of Augmented Cognition CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE simulation based training; physiological measures; feedback training interventions ID ERROR-RELATED NEGATIVITY AB Designers of a closed loop scenario based training systems must have specifications to drive the decisions of whether or not performance feedback is appropriate in response to student behavior, the most effective content of that feedback, and the optimal time and method of delivery. In this paper, we propose that physiological measures, when interpreted in conjunction with information about the teaming objective, task environment and student performance, could provide the data necessary to inform effective, automated decision processes. In addition, we present an overview of both the relevant literature in this area and some ongoing work that is explicitly evaluating these hypotheses. C1 [Bolton, Amy] Strateg Anal Inc, 3601 Wilson Blvd,Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. [Campbell, Gwendolyn] NAVAIR Orlando Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Schmorrow, Dylan] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Bolton, A (reprint author), Strateg Anal Inc, 3601 Wilson Blvd,Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. EM abolton@sainc.com; Gwendolyn.campbell@navy.mil; Schmord@onr.navy.mil NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-73215-0 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2007 VL 4565 BP 409 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGK68 UT WOS:000248044600047 ER PT S AU Rice, RW Wu, CC AF Rice, Roy W. Wu, Carl Cm BE Varner, JR Quinn, GD Wightman, M TI EVALUATION OF SLOW CRACK GROWTH IN CERAMICS SO FRACTOGRAPHY OF GLASSES AND CERAMICS V SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on the Fractography of Glasses and Ceramics CY JUL 09-13, 2006 CL Rochester, NY ID SILICON-CARBIDE; TEMPERATURE; FRACTURE AB The susceptibility of a range of ceramics to water driven slow crack growth (SCG) was tested via comparison of flexure strengths in air at 22 degrees C versus in liquid N-2 at -196 degrees C. Tested specimens were fractographically examined for fracture origins, fracture mode (i.e. the relative amounts of trans- versus inter- granular fracture) and whether specimen fractures were inconsistent with the assumptions of the test and hence needed to be rejected. Fractography proved to be a valuable addition to the evaluation, e.g. showing frequent intergranular fracture implying SCG in thin grain boundary oxide films in nonoxides with oxide additions and in commercial alumina. C1 [Rice, Roy W.] 5411 Hopark Dr, Alexandria, VA 22310 USA. [Wu, Carl Cm] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rice, RW (reprint author), 5411 Hopark Dr, Alexandria, VA 22310 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-09737-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2007 VL 199 BP 105 EP + PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BTR51 UT WOS:000287890300010 ER PT B AU Pao, PS Fonda, RW Jones, HN Feng, CR Moon, DW AF Pao, P. S. Fonda, R. W. Jones, H. N. Feng, C. R. Moon, D. W. BE Mishra, RS Mahoney, MW Lienert, TJ Jata, KV TI Friction stir welding of HSLA-65 steel SO Friction Stir Welding and Processing IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Friction Stir Welding and Processing IV held at the 2007 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE friction stir welding; mechanical properties; fatigue crack growth; microstructure; steel ID MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; ALUMINUM; CORROSION; FATIGUE; ALLOY AB The microstructure, mechanical properties, and fatigue crack growth kinetics of friction stir welded HSLA-65 steel were investigated. TEM studies reveal the formation of Widmanstatten structure in the weld region, which results in a higher tensile strength and microhardness as compared to the base plate. A yield strength minimum is observed in the outer regions of the HAZ. Because of the presence of compressive residual stresses, the fatigue crack growth rates are significantly lower and the fatigue crack growth threshold significantly higher in the weld nugget and HAZ than those in the base plate. The tensile and fatigue crack growth properties are discussed in terms of the observed microstructure in various regions of the weld. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pao, PS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-661-5 PY 2007 BP 243 EP 251 PG 9 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGJ25 UT WOS:000247398000023 ER PT B AU Fonda, RW Knipling, KE Feng, CR Moon, DW AF Fonda, R. W. Knipling, K. E. Feng, C. R. Moon, D. W. BE Mishra, RS Mahoney, MW Lienert, TJ Jata, KV TI Microstructural evolution in TI 5-1-1-1 friction stir welds SO Friction Stir Welding and Processing IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Friction Stir Welding and Processing IV held at the 2007 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE friction stir welding; microstructure; titanium ID ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; GRAIN-STRUCTURE; STEEL; RECRYSTALLIZATION AB A friction stir weld in 5-1-1-1 titanium was prepared and the end of the weld was quenched to preserve the microstructure surrounding the tool. Both the transverse cross section of the deposited weld and the plan-view cross sections through the weld end were analyzed to determine the microstructural evolution that occurs in this alloy during the welding process. This study revealed a complex microstructure separating the initial deformation of the base plate a microstructure from the regions of the weld that experienced temperatures above the beta transus, developing a fine, equiaxed grain structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-661-5 PY 2007 BP 295 EP 301 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGJ25 UT WOS:000247398000029 ER PT B AU Oh-Ishi, K Zhilyaev, AP Swaminathan, S Fuller, CB London, B Mahoney, MW McNelley, TR AF Oh-Ishi, K. Zhilyaev, A. P. Swaminathan, S. Fuller, C. B. London, B. Mahoney, M. W. McNelley, T. R. BE Mishra, RS Mahoney, MW Lienert, TJ Jata, KV TI Stir zone temperatures during friction stir processing SO Friction Stir Welding and Processing IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Friction Stir Welding and Processing IV held at the 2007 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE friction stir processing; NiAl bronze; temperature measurements ID NICKEL-ALUMINUM BRONZE; CAST NIAL BRONZE; MICROSTRUCTURAL MODIFICATION AB Local peak temperatures have been estimated by analysis of stir zone microstructures in a NiAl bronze material subjected to friction stir processing and compared to embedded thermocouple and optical pyrometry measurements. 'The peak temperatures measured using the different techniques are in good agreement and ranged from 940 degrees C to 1020 degrees C. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Oh-Ishi, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010; OI Zhilyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1902-8703 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-661-5 PY 2007 BP 403 EP 407 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGJ25 UT WOS:000247398000041 ER PT S AU Petry, FE Ladner, R Somodevilla, M AF Petry, Frederick E. Ladner, Roy Somodevilla, Maria BE Morris, A Kokhan, S TI Indexing implementation for vague spatial regions with R-trees and grid files SO GEOGRAPHIC UNCERTAINTY IN ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Fuzziness and Uncertainty in GIS for Environmental Security and Protection CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2006 CL Kyiv, UKRAINE SP NATO DE minimum bounding rectangles; fuzzy sets; spatial queries; R-trees; grid files; vague spatial regions AB We consider approaches to modeling spatial uncertainty with vague minimum bounding rectangles. Then two indexing approaches using grid files and R-trees are developed. Finally a number of spatial queries are illustrated based on these indexing schemes. C1 [Petry, Frederick E.; Ladner, Roy] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Somodevilla, Maria] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Petry, FE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU Naval Research Laboratory [0602435N] FX The authors would like to thank the Naval Research Laboratory's Base Program, Program Element No. 0602435N for sponsoring this research. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-6436-4 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2007 BP 187 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6438-8_11 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Mathematics, Applied SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Mathematics GA BGS87 UT WOS:000250374200011 ER PT J AU Weiss, JV Rentz, JA Plaia, T Neubauer, SC Merrill-Floyd, M Lilburn, T Bradburne, C Megonigal, JP Emerson, D AF Weiss, Johanna V. Rentz, Jeremy A. Plaia, Todd Neubauer, Scott C. Merrill-Floyd, Melissa Lilburn, Tim Bradburne, Christopher Megonigal, J. Patrick Emerson, David TI Characterization of neutrophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of wetland plants and description of Ferritrophicum radicicola gen. nov sp nov., and Sideroxydans paludicola sp nov. SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE iron-oxidizing bacteria; rhizosphere; wetlands; lithotrophs; Sideroxydans; Ferritrophicum ID IRON-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; FE(III) OXIDE REDUCTION; HYDROTHERMAL VENTS; CIRCUMNEUTRAL PH; FERRIC IRON; RICE ROOTS; FE-PLAQUE; DEEP-SEA; OXIDATION AB Iron deposits (Fe plaque) on wetland plant roots contain abundant microbial populations, including Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) that have not been cultured previously. In this study, 4 strains of Fe plaque-associated FeOB were isolated from 4 species of wetland plants. All 4 isolates grew in tight association with Fe-oxides, but did not form any identifiable Fe-oxide structures. All strains were obligate lithotrophic Fe(II)-oxidizers that were microaerobic, and were unable to use other inorganic or organic energy sources. One strain, BrT, was shown to fix (CO2)-C-14 at a rate consistent with its requirement for total cell carbon. The doubling times for the strains varied between 9.5 and 15.8 hours. The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles of 2 strains, BrT and CCJ, revealed that 16:0, 15:1 isoG, and 14:0 were dominant fatty acids. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that all the strains were Betaproteobacteria. Two of the strains, BrT and Br-1 belong to a new species, Sideroxydans paludicola; a third strain, LD-1, is related to Sideroxydans lithotrophicus, a recently described species of FeOB. The fourth isolate, Ferritrophicum radicicola, represented a new genus in a new order of Betaproteobacteria, the Ferritrophicales. There are no other cultured isolates in this order. A small subunit rRNA gene-based, cultivation-independent analysis of Typha latifolia collected from a wetland revealed terminal restriction fragment profiles (tRFLP) consistent with the presence of these bacteria in the rhizosphere. These novel organisms likely play an important role in Fe(II) oxidation kinetics and Fe cycling within many terrestrial and freshwater environments. C1 Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. No Virginia Community Coll, Biotehnol Program, Manassas, VA 20109 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. American Type Culture Collect, Manassas, VA 22010 USA. Univ S Carolina, Baruch Marine Field Lab, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. George Mason Univ, Environm Sci & Policy Dept, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Emerson, D (reprint author), Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, POB 475, Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. EM demerson@bigelow.org RI Neubauer, Scott/A-3443-2011; Floyd, Melissa/D-4626-2012 OI Neubauer, Scott/0000-0001-8948-2832; NR 47 TC 77 Z9 84 U1 7 U2 55 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2007 VL 24 IS 7-8 BP 559 EP 570 DI 10.1080/01490450701670152 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 237TO UT WOS:000251399500002 ER PT J AU Russell, JA AF Russell, James A. BE Russell, JA Wirtz, JJ TI WMD proliferation, globalization, and international security Whither the nexus and national security? SO GLOBALIZATION AND WMD PROLIFERATION: TERRORISM, TRANSNATIONAL NETWORKS AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY SE Routledge Global Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Russell, James A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. RP Russell, JA (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Dept War Studies, London WC2R 2LS, England. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-93325-1 J9 ROUT GLOB SECUR STUD PY 2007 VL 4 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BNZ70 UT WOS:000275954400001 ER PT B AU Gaffney, HH AF Gaffney, H. H. BE Russell, JA Wirtz, JJ TI Globalization and nuclear proliferation SO GLOBALIZATION AND WMD PROLIFERATION: TERRORISM, TRANSNATIONAL NETWORKS AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY SE Routledge Global Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gaffney, H. H.] Off US Secretary Def, Washington, DC USA. [Gaffney, H. H.] US Mission NATO, Brussels, Belgium. [Gaffney, H. H.] USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-93325-1 J9 ROUT GLOB SECUR STUD PY 2007 VL 4 BP 14 EP 27 PG 14 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BNZ70 UT WOS:000275954400002 ER PT J AU Wirtz, JJ AF Wirtz, James J. BE Russell, JA Wirtz, JJ TI Globalization and WMD Proliferation Terrorism, transnational networks, and international security Conclusion SO GLOBALIZATION AND WMD PROLIFERATION: TERRORISM, TRANSNATIONAL NETWORKS AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY SE Routledge Global Security Studies LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Wirtz, James J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. [Wirtz, James J.] Amer Polit Sci Assoc, Int Secur & Arms Control Sect, Washington, DC USA. RP Wirtz, JJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-93325-1 J9 ROUT GLOB SECUR STUD PY 2007 VL 4 BP 158 EP 165 PG 8 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BNZ70 UT WOS:000275954400011 ER PT B AU Pisano, DJ Barnes, DC Gibson, BK Staveley-Smith, L Freeman, KC Kilborn, VA AF Pisano, D. J. Barnes, D. C. Gibson, B. K. Staveley-Smith, L. Freeman, K. C. Kilborn, V. A. BE Saviane, I Ivanov, VD Borissova, J TI HI in local group analogs: What does it tell us about galaxy formation? SO GROUPS OF GALAXIES IN THE NEARBY UNIVERSE, PROCEEDINGS SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ESO Workshop on Groups of Galaxies in the Nearby Universe CY DEC 05-09, 2005 CL Santiago, CHILE SP ESO ID HIGH-VELOCITY CLOUDS; MILKY-WAY; HIPASS CATALOG; MASS FUNCTION; COMPACT; MOTION; HALOS; SKY AB We present the results of our HI survey of six loose groups of galaxies analogous to the Local Group. The survey was conducted using the Parkes telescope and the Australia Telescope Compact Array to produce a census of all the gas-rich galaxies and potential analogs to the high-velocity clouds (HVCs) within these groups down to M-HI <= 10(7) M-circle dot as a test of models of galaxy formation. We present the HI mass function and halo mass function for these analogous groups and compare them with the Local Group and other environments. We also demonstrate that our non-detection of HVC analogs in these groups implies that they must have low HI masses and be clustered tightly around galaxies, including around our own Milky Way, and are not distributed throughout the Local Group. C1 [Pisano, D. J.] USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Barnes, D. C.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Gibson, B. K.] Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. [Staveley-Smith, L.] Australia Telescope Natl Facil, POB 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Freeman, K. C.] RSAA, Mt Stromlo Observ, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Kilborn, V. A.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. RP Pisano, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pisano@nrl.navy.mil; dbarnes@astro.ph.unimelb.edu.au; bkgibson@uclan.ac.uk; Lister.Staveley-Smith@atnf.csiro.au; kcf@mso.anu.edu.au; vkilborn@astro.swin.edu.au RI Staveley-Smith, Lister/A-1683-2011; Gibson, Brad/M-3592-2015 OI Staveley-Smith, Lister/0000-0002-8057-0294; Gibson, Brad/0000-0003-4446-3130 FU Office of Naval Research; ATNF via a Bolton Fellowship; NSF MPS Distinguished International Research Fellowship [AST 0104439] FX This research was performed while D.J.P. held a National Research Coun- cil Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory. Basic research in astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is funded by the Office of Naval Research. D.J.P. also acknowledges generous support from the ATNF via a Bolton Fellowship and from NSF MPS Distinguished International Research Fellowship grant AST 0104439 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-71172-8 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2007 BP 33 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-71173-5_4 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGJ68 UT WOS:000247659300004 ER PT S AU Creamer, G AF Creamer, Glenn BE Hallowell, HE Culp, RD TI The SUMO/FREND project: Technology development for autonomous grapple of geosynchronous satellites SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2007 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Guidance and Control Conference CY FEB 03-07, 2007 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc ID PROGRAM AB The SUMO/FREND project is a DARPA-funded effort executed by the Naval Research Laboratory to develop, integrate, and test critical technologies required for autonomous rendezvous and capture of an un-aided customer satellite at geosynchronous altitudes. A flight-qualifiable FREND payload is currently under development, consisting of a dexterous 7-DOF flight robotic arm, an end effector and grapple tool set, flight-traceable control algorithms, and flight-traceable navigation and pose sensors. Testing will be performed throughout the 2007-2008 timeframe using both component-level testbeds and a high-fidelity proximity operations simulation facility. A history of the SUMO program and a description of the current FREND payload development effort are described in this paper. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Creamer, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8231, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-542-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2007 VL 128 BP 895 EP 909 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHA65 UT WOS:000251947700051 ER PT S AU Ballas, JA AF Ballas, James A. BE Oakley, I Brewster, S TI Self-produced sound: Tightly binding haptics and audio SO HAPTIC AND AUDIO INTERACTION DESIGN, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Haptic and Audio Interaction Design CY NOV 29-30, 2007 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Univ Glasgow, Assoc Next Generat Comp Ind, KING Comp, Minist Informat & Commun Republic Korea DE haptics; self-produced sound; hearing; psychoacoustics AB This paper discusses the concept of self-produced sound and its importance in understanding audio-haptic interaction. Self-produced sound is an important stimulus in understanding audio-haptic interaction because of the tight binding between the two modalities. This paper provides background on this type of sound, a brief review of the asynchrony and neurophysiology research that has addressed the cross-modality interaction, and examples of research into self-produced sound, including a unique but common instance: sound produced when consuming food. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ballas, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.ballas@nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-76701-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4813 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHC01 UT WOS:000252139200001 ER PT S AU Tremper, D Brosk, A AF Tremper, David Brosk, Andy BE Brown, RW Reese, CE Marasco, PL Harding, TH TI Ntegrated diver display device (ID3) for diver applications - art. no. 65570A SO Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XII: Design and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head- and Helmet - Mounted Displays XII - Design and Applications CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE dive display; military; tactical; VGA display; underwater; dive mask AB New underwater computer systems have the potential to provide military divers in operational scenarios with the processing power of laptop or desktop computers. While this computing capability is greatly advancing, heads-up displays (HUDs) currently integrated into dive masks are capable of presenting only limited amounts of operational data. Diver situational awareness can be greatly improved by providing increased imagery for accessing and utilizing all of the processing in these next generation dive computers. In an effort to improve operational efficiency in diver scenarios by providing an enhanced display, the Naval Research Lab leveraged technologies developed for the Immersive Input Display Device (12D2) in the development of the Integrated Diver Display Device (ID3). The ID3 leverages an organic light emitting diode (OLED) micro-display combined with a magnifying optic to provide a full color SVGA solution within the dive mask without dramatically impacting the diver's line of sight (LOS). By not obstructing LOS, the diver maintains his forward vision and environmental awareness while gaining access to critical situational awareness data. This paper will examine the development and capabilities of the ID3 for dive applications. C1 Naval Res Lab, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tremper, D (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6679-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6557 BP A5570 EP A5570 AR 65570A DI 10.1117/12.720541 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL51 UT WOS:000248198700006 ER PT S AU Nichols, JM Milanese, A Marzocca, P AF Nichols, Jonathan M. Milanese, Attilio Marzocca, Pier BE Kundu, T TI Characterizing the auto-bispectrum as a detector of nonlinearity in structural systems - art. no. 65320X SO Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL San Diego, CA DE auto-bispectrum; ROC curves; detection; nonlinearity; structural health monitoring; volterra series AB Higher-order spectra (HOS) appear often in the analysis and identification of nonlinear systems. The auto-bispectrum is one example of a HOS and is frequently used in the analysis of stationary structural response data to detect the presence of certain types structural nonlinearities. In this work we use a closed-form expression for the auto-bispectrum, derived previously by the authors, to find the bispectral frequency most sensitive to the nonlinearity. We then explore the properties of nonlinearity detectors based on estimates of the magnitude of the auto-bispectrum at this frequency. We specifically consider the case where the bispectrum is estimated using the direct method based on the Fourier Transform. The performance of the detector is quantified using a Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve illustrating the trade-off between Type-I error and power of detection (1-Type-II error). Theoretically derived ROC curves are compared to those obtained via numerical simulation. Results are presented for different levels of nonlinearity. Possible consequences are discussed with regard to the detection of damage-induced nonlinearities in structures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6653-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6532 BP X5320 EP X5320 AR 65320X DI 10.1117/12.715203 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGJ50 UT WOS:000247600300028 ER PT S AU Pecora, L Nichols, J Seaver, M Trickey, S Motley, S AF Pecora, Lou Nichols, Jon Seaver, Mark Trickey, Steve Motley, Sara BE Kundu, T TI Chaotic and ambient vibration analysis of composite lap joint damage SO HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 2007 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL San Diego, CA DE chaotic forcing; stochastic forcing; time series; lap joint; damage ID DIMENSION INCREASE; SIGNALS AB We examined strain time series from fiber Bragg gratings sensors located in various positions on a composite material beam attached to a steel plate by a lap joint. The beam was vibrated using both broad-band chaotic signals (Lorenz system), and a narrow band signal conforming to the Pierson-Moskowitz frequency distribution for wave height (ambient excitation). The system was damaged by decreasing the torque on instrumented bolts in the lap joint from very tight all the way through to a joint with a gap and slippage. We analyzed the strain data by reconstructing the attractor of the system in the case of chaotic forcing and a pseudo-attractor in the case of sea-wave forcing. Using the highest torque case as an "undamaged" baseline, we calculated the continuity statistic between the baseline attractor and the attractors of the various damage levels for both forcing cases. We show where one can and cannot say that the functional relationship between the attractors changes and how those changes are related to damage levels. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pecora, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6362, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6653-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6532 AR UNSP 65320V DI 10.1117/12.715143 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGJ50 UT WOS:000247600300026 ER PT B AU Clarke, T Blanton, E Sarazin, CL Kassim, N Anderson, L Schmitt, H Gopal-Krishna Neumann, DM AF Clarke, T. Blanton, E. Sarazin, C. L. Kassim, N. Anderson, L. Schmitt, H. Gopal-Krishna Neumann, D. M. BE Bohringer, H Pratt, GW Finoguenov, A Schuecker, P TI Tracing ghost cavities with low frequency radio observations SO HEATING VERSUS COOLING IN GALAXIES AND CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Garching, GERMANY SP MPA, ESO, MPE, USM ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; X-RAY; CLUSTERS A1795; GALAXY; A2597; CHANDRA; CORE AB We present X-ray and multi-frequency radio observations of the central radio sources in several X-ray cavity systems. We show that targeted radio observations are key to determining if the lobes are being actively fed by the central AGN. Low frequency observations provide a unique way to study both the lifecycle of the central radio source as well as its energy input into the ICM over several outburst episodes. C1 [Clarke, T.; Kassim, N.; Schmitt, H.] Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC USA. [Clarke, T.; Schmitt, H.] Interferometr, Herndon, VA USA. [Blanton, E.; Anderson, L.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA USA. [Sarazin, C. L.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Gopal-Krishna] Pune Univ Campus, NCRA TIFR, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Neumann, D. M.] CEA, Grenoble, France. RP Clarke, T (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC USA. EM tracy.clarke@nrl.navy.mil RI Blanton, Elizabeth/H-4501-2014 FU NASA through Chandra award [GO6-7115B]; Basic research in radio astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory FX T. E. C. acknowledges support from NASA through Chandra award GO6-7115B. Basic research in radio astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by 6.1 base funding. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-73483-3 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2007 BP 124 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-73484-0_24 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHA24 UT WOS:000251794500024 ER PT J AU Luo, WM Yu, QS Holloway, HW Tweedie, D Parrish, D Brossi, A Greig, NH AF Luo, Weiming Yu, Qian-Sheng Holloway, Harold W. Tweedie, David Parrish, Damon Brossi, Arnold Greig, Nigel H. TI Syntheses and anticholinesterase activities of novel 3-aminocarbonylmethylene-3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl carbamates SO HETEROCYCLES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; ANALOGS; BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; PHYSOSTIGMINE; INHIBITION; PHENSERINE; METHANOBENZODIOXEPINE; PEPTIDE; ROUTE; ETHER AB Novel carbarnates 4 and 5 were synthesized from starting material 5-hydroxy-3-methyl-3H-benzofuran-2-one, 17. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities of 4 and 5 were determined against fresh human enzyme, are in the realm of clinically valuable compounds and are discussed. In addition, the reductive properties of the 2-carbonyl group of 3H-benzofuran-2-one, possessing an unsaturated substituted group in its 3 position (9, 11 and 14), were studied. C1 [Luo, Weiming; Yu, Qian-Sheng; Holloway, Harold W.; Tweedie, David; Greig, Nigel H.] NIA, Drug Design & Dev Sect, Neurosci Lab, Intramural Res Program, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Parrish, Damon] USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Brossi, Arnold] Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Greig, NH (reprint author), NIA, Drug Design & Dev Sect, Neurosci Lab, Intramural Res Program, 5600 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM GreigN@grc.nia.nih.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0385-5414 J9 HETEROCYCLES JI Heterocycles PY 2007 VL 71 IS 11 BP 2413 EP 2425 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 268FP UT WOS:000253564800009 ER PT S AU Wolford, MF Myers, MC Giuliani, JL Sethian, JD Burns, PM Hegeler, F Jaynes, R AF Wolford, Matthew F. Myers, Matthew C. Giuliani, John L. Sethian, John D. Burns, Patrick M. Hegeler, Frank Jaynes, Reginald BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT TI Electra: Durable repetitively pulsed 700 J, 100 ns electron beam pumped KrF laser system - art. no. 645407 SO High Energy /Average Power Lasers and Intense Beam Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy/Average Power Lasers and Intense Beam Applications CY JAN 22-24, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE KrF; lasers; fusion; electron beam ID KRYPTON FLUORIDE LASERS; FUSION ENERGY; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; POWER; PERFORMANCE; AMPLIFIER; INCOHERENCE; OSCILLATOR; EXTRACTION; SOMBRERO AB Electra is a repetitively pulsed, electron beam pumped Krypton Fluoride (KrF) laser at the Naval Research Laboratory that is developing the technologies that can meet the Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) requirements for durability, efficiency, and cost. Electra in oscillator mode has demonstrated single shot and rep-rate laser energies exceeding 700 J with 100 ns pulsewidth at 248 nm. Continuous operation of the KrF laser has lasted for more than 2.5 hours without failure at 1 Hz and 2.5 Hz. The measured intensity and energy per shot is reproducible in rep-rate runs of 1 Hz, 2.5 Hz and 5 Hz for greater than thousand shot durations. The KrF intrinsic efficiency is predicted to be 12% with measurements and modeling (Orestes Code). In addition we have compared Orestes with initial results of 23 J for the Electra Pre-Amplifier. The positive agreement between Orestes and our results lead allow us to predict that large KrF laser systems will meet the efficiency requirements for inertial fusion energy driver. The focal profile measurements show for single shot conditions recovery in less than 200 ms, the time needed for 5 Hz operation. Rep-rate focal profile measurements at 1 Hz show reproducibility in spatial extent and energy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wolford, MF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wolford, Matthew/D-5834-2013 OI Wolford, Matthew/0000-0002-8624-1336 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6567-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6454 BP 45407 EP 45407 AR 645407 DI 10.1117/12.698973 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGA78 UT WOS:000245825200006 ER PT S AU Chapman, RD AF Chapman, Robert D. BE Klapotke, TM TI Organic difluorarnine derivatives SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY MATERIALS SE Structure and Bonding LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE difluoramine; difluoroamine; difluoramination; HNFX; nitramines ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; DISSOCIATION-ENERGIES; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; DIRECT FLUORINATION; (DIFLUOROAMINO)NITRO COMPOUNDS; ELECTROPHILIC FLUORINATION; DIFLUOROAMINE ALKYLATION; IONIZATION ENERGIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; SOLID-PROPELLANTS AB This article reviews recent developments in synthesis and characterizations of organic difluoramine (NF(2)) derivatives since the 1980s. Specific classes of chemical compounds are covered: cyclic difluoramino-nitramines, especially gem-bis(difluoramino)-substituted analogs of conventional nitramines; products from the relatively new transformation of electrophilic difluoramination; other classes of difluoramines such as polymers, plasticizers, and compounds not otherwise categorized. Also covered are aspects of other recently developed synthetic methodology to prepare compounds in this general class, as well as purely theoretical treatments of the chemistry and properties of this class. C1 Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Naval Air Syst Command, Res & Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Chapman, RD (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Naval Air Syst Command, Res & Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM robert.chapman@navy.mil NR 152 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0081-5993 BN 978-3-540-72201-4 J9 STRUCT BOND JI Struct. Bond. PY 2007 VL 125 BP 123 EP 151 DI 10.1007/430_2007_058 PG 29 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BGS98 UT WOS:000250381700004 ER PT J AU Hurley, CK Fernandez-Vina, M Hildebrand, WH Noreen, HJ Trachtenberg, E Williams, TM Baxter-Lowe, LA Begovich, AB Petersdorf, E Selvakumar, A Stastny, P Hegland, J Hartzman, RJ Carston, M Gandham, S Kollman, C Nelson, G Spellman, S Setterholm, M AF Hurley, Carolyn Katovich Fernandez-Vina, Marcelo Hildebrand, William H. Noreen, Harriet J. Trachtenberg, Elizabeth Williams, Thomas M. Baxter-Lowe, Lee Ann Begovich, Ann B. Petersdorf, Effie Selvakumar, Annamalai Stastny, Peter Hegland, Janet Hartzman, Robert J. Carston, Michael Gandham, Sharavi Kollman, Craig Nelson, Gene Spellman, Stephen Setterholm, Michelle TI A high degree of HLA disparity arises from limited allelic diversity: Analysis of 1775 unrelated bone marrow transplant donor-recipient pairs SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bone marrow transplantation; HLA ID HEMATOPOIETIC-CELL TRANSPLANTATION; CHRONIC MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; CLASS-II REGION; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; HIGH-RESOLUTION; MISMATCHES; IMPACT; DQ; POLYMORPHISM; PROBABILITY AB The allelic diversity and associated human leukocyte antigen (HLA) disparity of 1775 bone marrow recipients and their unrelated donors, matched for six of six (1361/1775, 77%), five of six (397/1775, 22%), or four of six (17/1775, 1%) HLA-A, -B, -DR antigens, were retrospectively evaluated. The comprehensive HLA analysis included the class I (A, B, C) and II (DRB1, DQA1, DQB1, DPA1, DPB1) loci. Most (> 66%) of the predominantly Caucasian study population carried one or two of five to seven common alleles at each HLA locus. In spite of this limited diversity, 29176 of the six of six antigen-matched transplants carried allele mismatches at HLA-A, -B, and/or -DRB1, and 9276 carried at least one allele mismatch at one of the eight HLA loci tested. Of the 968 HLA-A,-B,-DRB1 allele-matched pairs, 89% carried mismatches at other HLA loci, predominantly at DP loci. The substantially greater than expected HLA allelic disparity between donor and recipient suggests extensive haplotypic diversity and underscores the importance of enhancing approaches to mitigate the deleterious effect of HLA mismatches. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Amer Red Cross Natl, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. Univ Minnesota, Med Ctr, Immunol Histocompatibil Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland Res Inst, Oakland, CA USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Surg, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Roche Mol Syst, Alameda, CA USA. Celera Diagnost, Alameda, CA USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Natl Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Hurley, CK (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Oncol, E404 Res Bldg,3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM hurleyc@georgetown.edu FU PHS HHS [240-97-0036] NR 33 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 68 IS 1 BP 30 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.humimm.2006.09.004 PG 11 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 127FH UT WOS:000243570200004 PM 17207710 ER PT J AU Mangos, PM Steele-Johnson, D LaHuis, D White, ED AF Mangos, Phillip M. Steele-Johnson, Debra LaHuis, David White, Edward D., III TI A multiple-task measurement framework for assessing maximum-typical performance SO HUMAN PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article ID MOTIVATION; VALIDITY; MODEL; WORK AB This study presents a novel measurement framework for assessing and predicting maximum and typical performance. The proposed measurement approach addresses the need for organizations to assess maximum and typical performance changes over time in complex job settings requiring coordination of multiple tasks with changing priorities. We. present results of an experiment in which participants engaged in a complex task with multiple task elements and instructions to either maximize a different task element in each of four performance blocks (variable-priority condition) or treat all task elements with equal priority (stable-priority condition). We estimated growth curves corresponding to each task element and calculated the area under each growth curve as a summary performance index. Growth curves corresponding to the maximized, high-priority task element in the variable-priority condition reflected maximum performance, whereas those corresponding to the deemphasized, lower priority elements reflected typical performance. We compared the shape of the maximum and typical growth curves in the variable-priority condition to their corresponding performance trajectories in the stable-priority condition. In addition, we tested the moderating influence of individual differences in action-state orientation on the obtained maximum and typical performance estimates. Results indicated support for the proposed measurement framework in terms of its usefulness for inducing sustained levels of maximum performance and for identifying and correcting sources of the maximurn-typical performance discrepancy. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP Mangos, PM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, 12350 Res Pkwy,Code 4651, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM phillip.mangos@navy.mil NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-9285 J9 HUM PERFORM JI Hum. Perform. PY 2007 VL 20 IS 3 BP 241 EP 258 PG 18 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 186TY UT WOS:000247802400006 ER PT B AU Kamel, MN Lee, AY Powers, EC AF Kamel, Magdi N. Lee, Ann Y. Powers, Edward C. BE Cardoso, J Cordeiro, J Filipe, J TI A methodology for developing ontologies using the Ontology Web Language (OWL) SO ICEIS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS: SOFTWARE AGENTS AND INTERNET COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS 2007) CY JUN 12-16, 2007 CL Funchal, PORTUGAL SP INSTICC, Univ Maderia, FCT, ACM SIGMIS, Assoc Advancement Artificial Intelligence DE ontologies; ontology development methodologies; Ontology Web Language (OWL); semantic web AB It is generally agreed upon that ontologies are the knowledge representation component of the Semantic Web. There is a growing need for developing ontologies in different disciplines as means for sharing a common understanding of the structure of information in a domain among both people and machines. This paper describes a seven-step methodology for developing ontologies using the Ontology Web Language (OWL) based on related approaches for software and ontology development. As with contemporary software development methodologies, the steps of the proposed approach are applied iteratively and in a cyclical fashion in order to accurately capture the domain knowledge. C1 [Kamel, Magdi N.; Lee, Ann Y.; Powers, Edward C.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kamel, MN (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INSTICC-INST SYST TECHNOLOGIES INFORMATION CONTROL & COMMUNICATION PI SETUBAL PA AVENIDA D MANUEL L, 27A 2 ESQUERDO, SETUBAL, 2910-595, PORTUGAL BN 978-972-8865-91-7 PY 2007 BP 261 EP 268 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BHH61 UT WOS:000253306800048 ER PT B AU Cullum, J Irvine, C Levin, T AF Cullum, James Irvine, Cynthia Levin, Tim BE Armistead, L TI Performance impact of connectivity restrictions and increased vulnerability presence on automated attack graph generation SO ICIW 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY MAR 08-09, 2007 CL Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA HO Naval Postgrad Sch DE attack graph; network; exploits; vulnerability analysis; performance AB The current generation of network vulnerability detection software uses databases of known vulnerabilities and scans target networks for these weaknesses. The results can be voluminous and difficult to assess. Thus, the success of this technology has created a need for software to aid in network vulnerability analysis. Although research has shown the effectiveness of automated attack graph generation tools in displaying potential attack paths in a network, research involving the performance of these tools has been limited. The performance impact of connectivity restrictions and the number of vulnerabilities present on a network for these tools is not well understood. Using empirical testing, we have collected quantitative data using CAULDRON, an attack graph generation tool developed at George Mason University, on a collection of simulated networks defined to modulate connectivity at certain points in our networks and represent the number of vulnerabilities present per node. By defining our model to include sets of nodes, which allow connectivity from all nodes to all vulnerable nodes in the set; the number of nodes present in each set, the number of connections between sets; and the number of vulnerabilities per node as our variables, we are able to observe the performance impact on CAULDRON of both connectivity restrictions and the increased presence of vulnerabilities in our networks. The effect of these variables on processing time and memory usage is presented and can be used as a metric to assess the scalability of this tool within various customer environments. C1 [Cullum, James; Irvine, Cynthia; Levin, Tim] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-905305-40-7 PY 2007 BP 33 EP 46 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Management; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA BHI17 UT WOS:000253404900005 ER PT B AU Garfinkel, S AF Garfinkel, Sirnson BE Armistead, L TI Anti-forensics: Techniques, detection and countermeasures SO ICIW 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY MAR 08-09, 2007 CL Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA HO Naval Postgrad Sch DE 42.zip; anti-computer forensics; cybercrime; EnCase; hacker tools; privacy enhancing tools AB Computer Forensic Tools (CFTs) allow investigators to recover deleted files, reconstruct an intruder's activities, and gain intelligence about a computer's user. Anti-Forensics (AF) tools and techniques frustrate CFTs by erasing or altering information; creating "chaff" that wastes time and hides information; implicating innocent parties by planting fake evidence; exploiting implementation bugs in known tools; and by leaving "tracer" data that causes CFTs to inadvertently reveal their use to the attacker. Traditional AF tools like disk sanitizers were created to protect the privacy of the user. Anti-debugging techniques were designed to protect the intellectual property of compiled code. Rootkits allow attackers to hide their tools from other programs running on the same computer. But in recent years there has been an emergence of AF that directly target CFTs. This paper categorizes traditional AF techniques such as encrypted file systems and disk sanitization utilities, and presents a survey of recent AF tools including Timestomp and Transmogrify. It discusses approaches for attacking forensic tools by exploiting bugs in those tools, as demonstrated by the "42.zip" compression bomb. Finally, it evaluates the effectiveness of these tools for defeating CFTs, presents strategies for their detection, and discusses countermeasures. C1 [Garfinkel, Sirnson] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-905305-40-7 PY 2007 BP 77 EP 84 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Management; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA BHI17 UT WOS:000253404900009 ER PT B AU Kamel, M Eramo, M Sutter, C AF Kamel, Magdi Eramo, Mark Sutter, Christopher BE Armistead, L TI Categorisation of profiles for PSYOPs: Can technology help? SO ICIW 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY MAR 08-09, 2007 CL Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA HO Naval Postgrad Sch DE information operations; psychological operations; data mining; text mining; text categorisation AB Influencing one's adversary has always been an objective in warfare. To date the majority of psychological influence operations have been geared toward the masses. A tailored approach of individual targeting is preferred, but this approach requires unattainable resources. This paper investigates whether state-of-the-art data and text mining tools can be used to automate the categorisation/segmentation of individual profiles for psychological operations. Five data and text mining software applications were tested and their results compared with those of a social psychologist. Using statistical analysis, it was concluded that current data and text mining tools are not mature enough to produce results comparable with those produced by psychologists. C1 [Kamel, Magdi; Eramo, Mark; Sutter, Christopher] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-905305-40-7 PY 2007 BP 123 EP 132 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Management; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA BHI17 UT WOS:000253404900015 ER PT B AU Maule, RW Gallup, S AF Maule, R. William Gallup, Shelley BE Armistead, L TI Fine-grain security for military-civilian-coalition operations though virtual private workspace technology SO ICIW 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY MAR 08-09, 2007 CL Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA HO Naval Postgrad Sch DE military; security; collaboration; community of interest; coi; workspace; wiki ID SYSTEMS AB Next-generation service-oriented architectures provide a means for unprecedented levels of collaboration. Security built upon LDAPv3 when coupled with virtual private database technology can enable secure operations within a domain while retaining need-to-know thresholds with fine-grain security. This paper discusses such a technology in use for navnetwarcom trident warrior experimentation. A simulated scenario is discussed in which 12 officers involved in a mhq with moc in mda scenario prototyped an operational application of a comprehensive suite of xml web services that provided a personalised portal for each user, email, chat, presence, instant messenger, web conference, threaded discussions, and secured virtual workspaces with libraries, discussion area, and task management. The focus was on methods to secure communications across military, civilian and coalition operations preliminary to more extensive testing to occur in Trident Warrior 07. Along with an introduction to the technology the study results are presented, addressing methodology and protocols for highly collaborative sessions with varying levels of security in highly dynamic scenarios. C1 [Maule, R. William; Gallup, Shelley] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-905305-40-7 PY 2007 BP 155 EP 162 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Management; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA BHI17 UT WOS:000253404900019 ER PT B AU Lin, CH Chou, YC Lange, MD Yang, JM Nishimoto, MY Lee, J Nam, PS Boos, JB Bennett, BR Papanicolaou, NA Tsai, RS Gutierrez, AL Barsky, ME Chin, TP Wejtowiez, M Lai, R Oki, AK AF Lin, C. H. Chou, Y. C. Lange, M. D. Yang, J. M. Nishimoto, M. Y. Lee, J. Nam, P. S. Boos, J. B. Bennett, B. R. Papanicolaou, N. A. Tsai, R. S. Gutierrez, A. L. Barsky, M. E. Chin, T. P. Wejtowiez, M. Lai, R. Oki, A. K. GP IEEE TI 0.1 mu m n(+)-InAs-AlSb-InAs HEMT MMIC technology for phased-array applications SO IEEE COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SYMPOSIUM - 2007 IEEE CSIC SYMPOSIUM, TECHNOLOGY DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium CY OCT 14-17, 2007 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Solid State Circuits Soc DE InAs; HEMT; phased array ID INAS/ALSB HEMT; AMPLIFIER AB A 0.1 mu m n(+)-InAs-AlSb-InAs MMIC technology was developed for phased-array applications requiring ultralow power consumption. An n(+) doped cap layer was utilized to provide lower access resistance and to reduce detrimental effects of cap layer etching during the process. As a result, the performance and manufacturability can be enhanced. In this work, we have demonstrated excellent DC and RF uniformity on both devices and low-noise amplifiers (LNA) using 0.1 mu m n(+)-InAs-AlSb-InAs HEMTs on 3-inch GaAs substrates. In addition, the LNAs also demonstrate excellent RF performance while operating at ultralow power (similar to 1 mW). This accomplishment is crucial for phased-array applications requiring ultralow power dissipation. C1 [Lin, C. H.; Chou, Y. C.; Lange, M. D.; Yang, J. M.; Nishimoto, M. Y.; Lee, J.; Nam, P. S.; Tsai, R. S.; Gutierrez, A. L.; Barsky, M. E.; Chin, T. P.; Wejtowiez, M.; Lai, R.; Oki, A. K.] North Grumman Space Technol Ctr, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. [Boos, J. B.; Bennett, B. R.; Papanicolaou, N. A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lin, CH (reprint author), North Grumman Space Technol Ctr, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. EM chun.lin@ngc.com RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1022-4 PY 2007 BP 209 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHM57 UT WOS:000254286400046 ER PT J AU Wilkens, RH Richardson, MD AF Wilkens, Roy H. Richardson, Michael D. TI Special issue on mine burial processes SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Wilkens, RH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM rwilkens@hawaii.edu; mrichardson@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1109/JOE.2007.890937 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 194AB UT WOS:000248315200001 ER PT J AU Wilkens, RH Richardson, MD AF Wilkens, Roy H. Richardson, Michael D. TI Mine burial prediction: A short history and introduction SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE counter mine warfare; mine burial AB Naval mines have been in use for over 200 years. They are a cheap and effective way to significantly affect naval operations. Bottom mines in shallow water are particularly difficult to find when they are partially or wholly buried. The U.S. Office of Naval Research (Arlington, VA) and the Naval Research Laboratory (Stennis Space Center, MS) sponsored a six-year-long program to upgrade the capability to predict mine burial. The program consisted of laboratory studies, computer modeling, and field observation programs. Results of the studies have been combined into stochastic predictive programs that utilize state of the art process models and incorporate uncertainty in model capability and in our ability to know the correct values of model inputs. C1 Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Wilkens, RH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM rwilkens@hawaii.edu; mrichardson@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 52 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1109/JOE.2007.894331 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 194AB UT WOS:000248315200002 ER PT J AU Abelev, AV Valent, PJ Holland, KT AF Abelev, Andrei V. Valent, Philip J. Holland, K. Todd TI Behavior of a large cylinder in free-fall through water SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE cylinder dynamics; free-fall; hydrodynamics; quasi-stable; trajectory; terminal conditions AB This paper presents results of experimental deployment of a large instrumented cylinder of variable nose geometry and center of mass offset (CMO) in free-fall in realistic environment. Data on four tests series in the Gulf of Mexico are presented and analyzed statistically. The stochastic nature of the problem of the cylinder free-failing through water is outlined and described as an input to the subsequent impact burial prediction package. Significance of the CMO on the behavior of the cylinder is underlined. Influence of the release conditions on trajectory is discussed and found to affect the behavior of the cylinders only in the first 3.5 in of free-fall in water. Beyond this depth, quasi-stable (in the mean sense) conditions are achieved. Effects of three different nose shapes-blunt, hemispherical, and chamfered-on cylinder behavior are analyzed and found to have a pronounced influence on the fall trajectory. The blunt nose shape appears to be hydrodynamically most stable in free-fall. Apparent periodicity in motions of all cylinders were noted and were found to be the function of the CMO and nose shape primarily. Implications of these and other findings on modeling and impact burial predictions are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Abelev, AV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM aabelev@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011 OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097 NR 9 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 10 EP 20 DI 10.1109/JOE.2007.890938 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 194AB UT WOS:000248315200003 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Fan, CW AF Chu, Peter C. Fan, Chenwu TI Mine-impact burial model (IMPACT35) verification and improvement using sediment bearing factor method SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE bearing factor; burial depth and orientation; drag and lift forces and torques; IMPACT35; mine-impact burial prediction; sediment resistance force and torque; triple coordinate system ID FALLING CYLINDER; WATER COLUMN; PREDICTION AB Recently, a 3-D model (IMPACT35) was developed to predict a falling cylindrical mine's location and orientation in air-water-sediment columns. The model contains the following three components: 1) triple coordinate transform, 2) hydrodynamics of failing rigid object in a single medium (air, water, or sediment) and in multiple media (air-water and water-sediment interfaces), and 3) delta method for sediment resistance with the transient pore pressure. Two mine-impact burial experiments were conducted to detect the mine trajectory in water column [Carderock Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC), West Bethesda, MD, on September 10-14, 2001], and to measure the mine burial volume in sediment (Baltic Sea in June 2003). The existing IMPACT35 predicts a mine's location and orientation in the water column, but not in the sediment column. Since sediment resistance largely affects the mine burial depth and orientation in sediment, a new method (bearing factor) is proposed to compute the sediment resistant force and torque. The improvement of IMPACT35 with the bearing factor method is verified using the data collected from the Baltic Sea mine-impact burial experiment. The prediction error satisfies near-Gaussian distribution. The bias of the burial volume (in percent) prediction reduces from 11% using the delta method (old) to 0.1% using the bearing factor method (new). Correspondingly, the root-mean-square error (rmse) reduces from 26.8% to 15.8%. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 34 EP 48 DI 10.1109/JOE.2007.890942 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 194AB UT WOS:000248315200005 ER PT J AU Bradley, J Griffin, S Thiele, M Richardson, MD Thorne, PD AF Bradley, John Griffin, Sean Thiele, Maurice, Jr. Richardson, Michael D. Thorne, Peter D. TI An acoustic-instrumented mine for studying subsequent burial SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic transducer; instrumented mine; mine burial; scour AB The U.S. Navy is supporting the research to develop and validate stochastic, time-dependent, mine burial prediction models to aid the tactical decision making process. This research requires continuous monitoring of both mine behavior during burial, and the near-field processes responsible for burial. A new instrumented mine has been developed that far exceeds the capabilities of the earlier optically instrumented mine in terms of the burial processes that can be measured. The acoustic-instrumented mine (AIM) utilizes acoustic transducers to measure burial and scour, localized flow rates, and sediment size and concentration in the water column. The AIM also includes sensors for measuring mine orientation and movement, as well as oceanographic information such as significant waveheights, wave period, and water temperature. Four AIMs were constructed and deployed during the Indian Rocks Beach (IRB, FL) and Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO, Edgartown, MA) mine burial experiments. The results from the field experiments have proven that the sensor suite is viable in providing a wealth of data that are critical in understanding and modeling the complex subsequent burial process. C1 Omni Technol Inc, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Proudman Oceanog Lab, Liverpool L3 5DA, Merseyside, England. RP Bradley, J (reprint author), Omni Technol Inc, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM jbradley@otiengineering.com; mike.Richardson@nrlssc.navy.mil; pdt@pol.ac.uk NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 64 EP 77 DI 10.1109/JOE.2007.890945 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 194AB UT WOS:000248315200008 ER PT J AU Jenkins, SA Inman, DL Richardson, MD Wever, TF Wasyl, J AF Jenkins, Scott A. Inman, Douglas L. Richardson, Michael D. Wever, Thomas F. Wasyl, Joseph TI Scour and Burial Mechanics of objects in the Nearshore SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE cones; cylinders; fluid flow; hydrodynamics; mine burial; sediments ID SEDIMENT; WAVES; FLOW AB A process-based, numerical, hydrodynamic vortex lattice mine scour/burial model (VORTEX) is presented that simulates scour and burial of objects of arbitrary shape resting on a granular bed in the nearshore. There are two domains in the model formulation: a far-field where burial and exposure occur due to changes in the elevation of the seabed and a near-field involving scour and transport of sediment by the vortices shed from the object. The far-field burial mechanisms are based on changes in the equilibrium bottom profiles in response to seasonal changes in wave climate and accretion/erosion waves spawned by fluxes of sediment into the littoral cell. The near-field domain consists of one grid cell extracted from the far-field that is subdivided into a rectangular lattice of panels having sufficient resolution to define the shape of the object. The vortex field induced by the object is constructed from an assemblage of horseshoe vortices excited by local pressure gradients and shear over the lattice panels. The horseshoe vortices of each lattice panel release a pair of vortex filaments into the neighboring flow. The induced velocity of these trailing vortex filaments causes scour of the neighboring seabed and induces hydrodynamic forces on the object. Scour around the object and its subsequent movement into the scour depression contribute to burial, while far-field changes in local sand level may increase burial depth or expose the object. Scour and burial predictions of mines and mine-like objects were tested in field experiments conducted in the nearshore waters off the Pacific coast of California at Scripps Pier, the Gulf Coast of Florida at Indian Rocks, and off the Atlantic coast of Massachusetts at Martha's Vineyard. Model predictions of mine scour and burial are in reasonable agreement with field measurements and underwater photographs. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Institut Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FWG, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. RP Jenkins, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Institut Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM sjenkins@ucsd.edu; dinman@ucsd.edu; mrichardson@nrlssc.navy.mil; ThomasWever@bwb.org; jwasyl@ucsd.edu NR 60 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 78 EP 90 DI 10.1109/JOE.2007.890946 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 194AB UT WOS:000248315200009 ER PT J AU Bower, GR Richardson, MD Briggs, KB Elmore, PA Braithwaite, EF Bradley, J Griffin, S Wever, TF Luhder, R AF Bower, Grant R. Richardson, Michael D. Briggs, Kevin B. Elmore, Paul A. Braithwaite, Edward F., III Bradley, John Griffin, Sean Wever, Thomas F. Luehder, Ralf TI Measured and predicted burial of cylinders during the Indian rocks beach experiment SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE cylinders; fluid flow; hydrodynamics; mine burial; scour; sediments ID MINES AB Burial of instrumented mine-like cylinders as a result of wave-induced scour was measured during experiments conducted in shallow water ( 15-16 m) with fine-sand (133-mu m) and coarse-sand (566-mu m) sediments off Indian Rocks Beach (IRB), FL. Scour pits developed around the instrumented cylinders in the fine-sand site when significant waveheights exceeded 2 m, causing the cylinders to pitch, then roll into the developing scour pits, often changing heading to align parallel with the wave crest. Final cylinder burial was nearly 40 cm (about 70%-80% mine diameter) relative to the sediment-water interface, but only 20%-50% relative to surface area covered. The difference was caused by the lack of complete infilling of scour pits. Little development of scour pits and burial was noted on the coarse-sand site and the cylinders buried to only 20%-40% of the cylinder diameter below the sediment surface. Burial results, although variable, are in general agreement with the wave-induced scour model developed by Trembanis et al. (2007) for the fine sand, but not for the coarse sand where measured burial was much less than predicted. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Omni Technol Inc, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. FWG, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. RP Bower, GR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM gbower@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 91 EP 102 DI 10.1109/JOE.2007.890950 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 194AB UT WOS:000248315200010 ER PT J AU Wolfson, ML Naar, DF Howd, PA Locker, SD Donahue, BT Friedrichs, CT Trembanis, AC Richardson, MD Wever, TF AF Wolfson, Monica L. Naar, David F. Howd, Peter A. Locker, Stanley D. Donahue, Brian T. Friedrichs, Carl T. Trembanis, Arthur C. Richardson, Michael D. Wever, Thomas F. TI Multibeam observations of mine burial near clearwater, FL, including comparisons to predictions of wave-induced burial SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE mine burial; multibeam bathymetry; scour modeling AB A Kongsberg Simrad EM 3000 multibeam sonar (Kongsberg Simrad, Kongsberg, Norway) was used to conduct a set of six repeat high-resolution bathymetric surveys west of Indian Rocks Beach (IRB), just to the south of Clearwater, FL, between January and March 2003, to observe in situ scour and burial of instrumented inert mines and mine-like cylinders. Three closely located study sites were chosen: two fine-sand sites, a shallow one located in similar to 13 m of water depth and a deep site located in similar to 14 m of water depth; and a coarse-sand site in similar to 13 m. Results from these surveys indicate that mines deployed in fine sand are nearly buried within two months of deployment (i.e., they sunk 74.5% or more below the ambient seafloor depth). Mines deployed in coarse sand showed a lesser amount of scour, burying until they present roughly the same hydrodynamic roughness as the surrounding rippled bedforms. These data were also used to test the validity of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS, Gloucester Point, VA) 2-D burial model. The model worked well in areas of fine sand, sufficiently predicting burial over the course of the experiment. In the area of coarse sand, the model greatly overpredicted the amount of burial. This is believed to be due to the presence of rippled bedforms around the mines, which affect local bottom morphodynamics and are not accounted for in the model, an issue currently being addressed by the modelers. This paper focuses specifically on two instrumented mines: an acoustic mine located in fine sand and an optical instrumented mine located in coarse sand. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Geol, Coastal Sediments Hydrodynam & Engn Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA. FWG, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. RP Wolfson, ML (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM naar@usf.edu; naar@usf.edu; naar@usf.edu; art@udel.edu OI Trembanis, Arthur/0000-0003-1316-7494; Wolfson-Schwehr, Monica/0000-0001-5885-8606; Friedrichs, Carl/0000-0002-1810-900X NR 15 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 103 EP 118 DI 10.1109/JOE.2006.889317 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 194AB UT WOS:000248315200011 ER PT J AU Mayer, LA Raymond, R Glang, G Richardson, MD Traykovski, P Trembanis, AC AF Mayer, Larry A. Raymond, Richard Glang, Gerd Richardson, Michael D. Traykovski, Peter Trembanis, Arthur C. TI High-resolution mapping of mines and ripples at the Martha's vineyard coastal observatory SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE high-resolution seafloor mapping; hummocky bedforms; mine burial and detection; multibeam sonar; rippled scour depressions; sorted bedforms ID SCOUR DEPRESSIONS AB High-resolution multibeam sonar and state-of-the-art data processing and visualization techniques have been used to quantify the evolution of seafloor morphology and the degree of burial of instrumented mines and mine-shapes as part of the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR, Arlington, VA) mine burial experiment at the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO, Edgartown, MA). Four surveys were conducted over two Years at the experiment site with a 455-kHz, Reson 8125 dynamically focused multibeam sonar. The region is characterized by shore-perpendicular alternating zones of coarse-grained sand with 5-25-cm-high, wave orbital-scale ripples, and zones of finer grained sands with smaller (2-5-cm-high) anorbital ripples and, on occasion, medium scale 10-20-cm-high, chaotic or hummocky bedforms. The boundaries between the zones appear to respond over periods of days to months to the predominant wave direction and energy. Smoothing and small shifts of the boundaries to the northeast take place during fair-weather wave conditions while erosion (scalloping of the boundary) and shifts to the north-north,,vest occur during storm conditions. The multibeam sonar was also able to resolve changes in the orientation and height of fields of ripples that were directly related to the differences in the prevailing wave direction and energy. The alignment of the small scale bedforms with the prevailing wave conditions appears to occur rapidly (on the order of hours or days) when the wave conditions exceed the threshold of sediment motion (most of the time for the fine sands) and particularly during moderate storm conditions. During storm events, erosional "windows" to the coarse layer below appear in the fine-grained sands. These "window" features are oriented parallel to the prevailing wave direction and reveal orbital-scale ripples that are oriented perpendicular to the prevailing wave direction. The resolution of the multibeam sonar combined with 3-D visualization techniques provided realistic looking images of both instrumented and noninstrumented mines and mine-like objects (including bomb, Manta, and Rockan shapes) that were dimensionally correct and enabled unambiguous identification of the mine type. In two of the surveys (October and December 2004), the mines in the fine-grained sands scoured into local pits but were still perfectly visible and identifiable with the multibeam sonar. In the April 2004 survey, the mines were not visible and apparently were completely buried. In the coarse-grained sand zone, the mines were extremely difficult to detect after initial scour burial as the mines bury until they present the same hydrodynamic roughness as the orbital-scale bedforms and thus blend into the ambient ripple field. Given the relatively large, 3-D, spatial coverage of the multibeam sonar along with its ability to measure the depth of the seafloor and the depth and dimensions of the mine, it is possible to measure directly, the burial by depth and burial by surface area of the mines. The 3-D nature of the multibeam sonar data also allows the direct determination of the volume of material removed from a scour pit. C1 Univ New Hampshire, NOAA, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NOAA, Corps Off Coast Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Appl Ocean Phys & Engn Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Geol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Mayer, LA (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, NOAA, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM lmayer@ccom.unh.edu; lmayer@ccom.unh.edu; gerd.glang@noaa.gov; richardson@nrlssc.navy.mil; ptraykovski@whoi.edu; art@udel.edu NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 133 EP 149 DI 10.1109/JOE.2007.890953 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 194AB UT WOS:000248315200013 ER PT J AU Traykovski, P Richardson, MD Mayer, LA Irish, JD AF Traykovski, Peter Richardson, Michael D. Mayer, Larry A. Irish, James D. TI Mine burial experiments at the Martha's vineyard coastal observatory SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic imaging; mine burial; scour; sediments ID INSTRUMENTED MINES; BOTTOM; WAVE; ROUGHNESS; EVOLUTION; GEOMETRY; RIPPLES; SCOUR AB Several experiments to measure postimpact burial of sealloor mines by scour and fill have been conducted near the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO, Edgartown, MA). The sedimentary environment at MVCO consists of a series of rippled scour depressions (RSDs), which are large scale bedforms with alternating areas of coarse and fine sand. This allows simultaneous mine burial experiments in both coarse and fine sand under almost identical hydrodynamic forcing conditions. Two preliminary sets of mine scour burial experiments were conducted during winters 2001-2002 in fine sand and 2002-2003 in coarse sand with a single optically instrumented mine in the field of view of a rotary sidescan sonar. From October 2003 to April of 2004, ten instrumented mines were deployed along with several sonar systems to image mine behavior and to characterize bedform and oceanographic processes. In fine sand, the sonar imagery of the mines revealed that large scour pits form around the mines during energetic wave events. Mines fell into their own scour pits, aligned with the dominant wave crests and became level with the ambient sealloor after several energetic wave events. In quiescent periods, after the energetic wave events, the scour pits episodically infilled with mud. After several scour and infilling events, the scour pits were completely filled and a layer of fine sand covered both the mines and the scour pits, leaving no visible evidence of the mines. In the coarse sand, mines were observed to bury until the exposed height above the ripple crests was approximately the same as the large wave orbital ripple height (wavelengths of 50-125 cm and heights of 10-20 cm). A hypothesis for the physical mechanism responsible for this partial burial in the presence of large bedforms is that the mines bury until they present roughly the same hydrodynamic roughness as the orbital-scale bedforms present in coarse sand. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Appl Ocean Phys & Engn Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ New Hampshire, NOAA, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Traykovski, P (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Appl Ocean Phys & Engn Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM ptraykovski@whoi.edu; mike.richardson@nrlssc.navy.mil; lmayer@ccom.unh.edu; ptraykovski@whoi.edu NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 150 EP 166 DI 10.1109/JOE.2007.890956 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 194AB UT WOS:000248315200014 ER PT J AU Trembanis, AC Friedrichs, CT Richardson, MD Traykovski, P Howd, PA Elmore, PA Wever, TF AF Trembanis, Arthur C. Friedrichs, Carl T. Richardson, Michael D. Traykovski, Peter Howd, Peter A. Elmore, Paul A. Wever, Thomas F. TI Predicting seabed burial of cylinders by wave-induced scour: Application to the sandy inner shelf off Florida and Massachusetts SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE heterogeneous sediment; inner continental shelf; mine burial; real-time forecasts; scour modeling ID GEOMETRY AB A simple parameterized model for wave-induced burial of mine-like cylinders as a function of grain-size, time-varying, wave orbital velocity and mine diameter was implemented and assessed against results from inert instrumented mines placed off the Indian Rocks Beach (IRB, FL), and off the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO, Edgartown, MA). The steady flow scour parameters provided by Whitehouse (1998) for self-settling cylinders worked well for predicting burial by depth below the ambient seabed for O (0.5 in) diameter mines in fine sand at both sites. By including or excluding scour pit infilling, a range of percent burial by surface area was predicted that was also consistent with observations. Rapid scour pit infilling was often seen at MVCO but never at IRB, suggesting that the environmental presence of fine sediment plays a key role in promoting infilling. Overprediction of mine scour in coarse sand was corrected by assuming a mine within a field of large ripples buries only until it generates no more turbulence than that produced by surrounding bedforms. The feasibility of using a regional wave model to predict mine burial in both hindcast and real-time forecast mode was tested using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, Washington, DC) WaveWatch 3 (WW3) model. Hindcast waves were adequate for useful operational forcing of mine burial predictions, but five-day wave forecasts introduced large errors. This investigation was part of a larger effort to develop simple yet reliable predictions of mine burial suitable for addressing the operational needs of the U.S. Navy. C1 Univ Delaware, CSHEL, Dept Geol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Appl Ocean Phys & Engn Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. FWG, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. RP Trembanis, AC (reprint author), Univ Delaware, CSHEL, Dept Geol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM art@udel.edu; ThomasWever@bwb.org OI Trembanis, Arthur/0000-0003-1316-7494; Friedrichs, Carl/0000-0002-1810-900X NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 167 EP 183 DI 10.1109/JOE.2007.890958 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 194AB UT WOS:000248315200015 ER PT J AU Gallagher, EL Holman, RA Thornton, EB AF Gallagher, Edith L. Holman, Robert A. Thornton, Edward B. TI Evolution of the nearshore bed envelope SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Bars; bedforms; megaripples; mine burial; nearshore; surf zone ID SURF ZONE; WAVE; FLOW; MIGRATION; BEHAVIOR; RIPPLES; VARIABILITY; MORPHOLOGY; DYNAMICS; GEOMETRY AB The temporal growth of the envelope of bed motion owing to the migration of bedforms, which can be considered a proxy for maximum object burial depth, is examined using five different data sets. These data sets support the hypothesis that the envelope of bed motion will grow as an exponential taper, quickly at first, tapering off and approaching an asymptotic value. This growth is largest and fastest in the surf zone where wave and current flows are strong. Within the surf zone, envelopes owing solely to the migration of megaripples (bedforms with heights from 20 to 40 cm and lengths from 1 to 5 in) grow for about 8 d and reach an asymptote of about 40 cm. When wave energy becomes larger (H-sig > 1 m), bed envelopes are dominated by migrating sand bars and approach an asymptote of 3-4 in, but only after 2-12 years (depending on the beach). In addition, the frequency of object burial (the percentage of time that an object would be buried by the crests of migrating bedforms) is highest in the surf zone and grows rapidly with time. C1 Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Biol, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. Oregon State Univ, COAS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gallagher, EL (reprint author), Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Biol, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. EM edith.gallagher@fandm.edu; holman@coas.oregonstate.edu; thomton@nps.edu NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 EI 1558-1691 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 214 EP 224 DI 10.1109/JOE.2007.890972 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 194AB UT WOS:000248315200019 ER PT J AU Rennie, SE Brandt, A Plant, N AF Rennie, Sarah E. Brandt, Alan Plant, Nathaniel TI A probabilistic expert system approach for sea mine burial prediction SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Bayesian network; causal probabilistic network; expert system; mine burial AB Knowledge of the extent of burial of bottom sitting sea mines is critical to mine detection due to the significantly degraded capabilities of mine-hunting systems when the mines are buried. To provide an enhanced capability for predicting mine burial in support of U.S. Navy mine countermeasure (MCM) operations, an expert system approach to predicting sea mine burial has been developed. This expert system serves as a means to synthesize previous and current research on sea mine burial due to impact upon deployment and subsequently due to scour, the two dominant burial mechanisms in littoral waters. Prediction systems for impact and scour burial have been implemented as simple Bayesian networks whose probabilistic basis provides means of accounting for the inherent uncertainties associated with mine deployment methods, simplified physics-based burial models, and environmental variability. Examples of burial predictions and comparisons to results from field experiments are illustrated. In addition, a proposed risk metric is developed and applied to provide a geospatial mapping of mine burial probability. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Rennie, SE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM sarah.rennie@jhuapl.edu OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 260 EP 272 DI 10.1109/JOE.2007.890983 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 194AB UT WOS:000248315200023 ER PT J AU Elmore, PA Richardson, MD Wilkens, RH AF Elmore, Paul A. Richardson, Michael D. Wilkens, Roy H. TI Exercising a deterministic mine burial prediction system for impact and scour burial using operational data sets SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE impact; mine burial prediction; scour ID 3RD-GENERATION WAVE MODEL; FORECAST SYSTEM; COASTAL REGIONS; NCEP AB This paper presents results and analysis from exercising an aquatic mine burial prediction (MBP) system based on deterministic models to simulate impact and scour burial experiments using operational or operational-like inputs. Based on nonparametric hypothesis testing of simulation results with empirical data, the statistics generated from simulations of impact burial appear to provide useful predictions and uncertainty estimates when the simulations account for geotechnical variations. For scour burial, the use of the simulating waves nearshore model to drive a scour model is examined. Model predictions qualitatively followed empirical burial trends, with variations in waveheight prediction appearing to be a more significant factor in determining the accuracy of the scour burial prediction than uncertainty in grain size. Overall, the tests provide encouragement for the use of new MBP models to provide reasonable predictions of burial from operational input data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Elmore, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pelmore@nrlssc.navy.mil; mrichardson@nrlssc.navy.mil; rwilkens@hawaii.edu NR 34 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 273 EP 283 DI 10.1109/JOE.2007.890989 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 194AB UT WOS:000248315200024 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Kim, M Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Bewley, W. W. Canedy, C. L. Lindle, J. R. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. TI High-power single-mode distributed-feedback interband cascade lasers for the midwave-infrared SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE distributed-feedback (DFB) laser; interband cascade laser (ICL); midinfrared laser; semiconductor ID LASING PROPERTIES; GROWTH-CONDITIONS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB A single-mode output power of 41 mW has been obtained at T = 120 K and lambda approximate to 3.44 mu m from a narrow-ridge interband cascade laser patterned with a Ge distributed-feedback grating. The sidemode suppression ratio at the maximum power is 23 dB, and the linewidth of 0.1 nm is instrument-limited. An alternate contacting geometry yielded robust single-mode output over a broad range of currents and temperatures, and current tuning of the wavelength by up to 17 nm. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2-4 BP 158 EP 160 DI 10.1109/LPT.2006.889990 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 157MK UT WOS:000245724000034 ER PT J AU DeLooze, L AF DeLooze, Lori TI Providing Web service security in a federated environment SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP DeLooze, L (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM delooze@usna.edu NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 5 IS 1 BP 73 EP 75 DI 10.1109/MSP.2007.16 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 132PC UT WOS:000243953700015 ER PT J AU Schneidewind, N AF Schneidewind, Norman TI A quantitative approach to software development using IEEE 982.1 SO IEEE SOFTWARE LA English DT Article AB A Quantitative Approach to Software Development Using IEEE 982.1. by Norman Schneidewind, pp. 65-72. Although software's complexity and scope have increased tremendously over the past few decades, advances in software engineering techniques have been only moderate at best. Software measurement has remained primarily a labor-intensive effort and thus subject to human limitations. The Space Shuttle's avionics software provides an excellent example of how to apply standards such as IEEE 982.1 and help alleviate human limitations. The standard establishes a quantitative roadmap to answer key software dependability questions. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Schneidewind, N (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM ieeelife@yahoo.com NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0740-7459 EI 1937-4194 J9 IEEE SOFTWARE JI IEEE Softw. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 24 IS 1 BP 65 EP + DI 10.1109/MS.2007.1 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 121CF UT WOS:000243135000018 ER PT J AU Ainsleigh, PL AF Ainsleigh, Phillip L. TI Performance of multiple-model filters and parameter-sensitivity analysis for likelihood evaluation with shock variance models SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID GAUSS-MARKOV MODELS; SWITCHING ENVIRONMENTS; STATE ESTIMATION; SYSTEMS; CLASSIFICATION AB The performance of multiple-model filtering algorithms is examined for shock-variance models, which are a form of linear Gaussian switching models. The primary aim is to determine whether existing multiple-model filters are suitable for evaluating measurement likelihoods in classification applications, and under what conditions such classification models are viable. Simulation experiments are used to empirically examine the likelihood-evaluation performance of suboptimal merging and pruning algorithms as the number of state hypotheses per time step (i.e., algorithm order) increases. The second-order generalized pseudo-Bayes or (GPB(2)) algorithm is found to provide excellent performance relative to higher order GPB algorithms through order five. Likelihoods from fixed-size pruning (FSP) algorithms with increasing numbers of state hypotheses are used to validate the GPB likelihoods, and convergence of the FSP likelihoods to the GPB values is observed. These results suggest that GPB(2) is a reasonable approximation to the unrealizable optimal algorithm for classification. In all cases except very-low-noise situations, the interacting multiple model (IMM) algorithm is found to provide an adequate approximation to GPB(2). Sensitivity of likelihood estimates to certain model parameters is also investigated via a mismatch analysis. As a classification tool, the discrimination capabilities of the measurement likelihoods are tested using an idealized forced-choice experiment, both with ideal and with mismatched models. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Ainsleigh, PL (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM ainsleighpl@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 135 EP 149 DI 10.1109/TAES.2007.357122 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 172CD UT WOS:000246780800011 ER PT J AU Cooper, KP Jones, HN Meger, RA AF Cooper, Khershed P. Jones, Harry N. Meger, Robert A. TI Analysis of railgun barrel material SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 22-25, 2006 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP European Electromagnet Launch Soc, Inst Adv Technol, Univ Texas Austin DE alloying; grooving; railgun AB The effect of the number of shots on multiple-launch railgun barrel material performance under significantly high current conditions was studied. Material analysis was conducted on rail samples from four sets of experiments involving increasing number of shots. Cross sections of samples from two locations in the copper rail were examined using a variety of metallographic techniques. During each shot a thin film of molten aluminum from the armature deposited on the rail surface. The deposit became thicker and multilayered with increasing number of shots and was thicker in the bottom half of the vertically oriented rails than in the top half. Preferential removal of material occurred along both rail edges, which resulted in the formation of grooves over the length of the rails. Grooves were deeper near the top edge of the rails compared to the bottom edge. A proposed mechanism for grooving is dissolution of the rail material into molten aluminum flowing toward the rail interior due to aerodynamic drag. and over the rail edge due to surface tension effects, assisted by extremely high rail edge temperatures. Asymmetry in the armature-rail gap due to magnetic interactions with the support structure may be the cause of asymmetry in deposit thickness and groove depth. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cooper@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; jones@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; meger@nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 SI SI BP 120 EP 125 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2006.887654 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 123IB UT WOS:000243288500009 ER PT J AU Lewis, KB Nechitailo, NV AF Lewis, Keith B. Nechitailo, Nicholas V. TI Transient resonance in hypervelocity launchers at critical velocities SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 22-25, 2006 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP European Electromagnet Launch Soc, Inst Adv Technol, Univ Texas Austin DE critical velocity; design; hypervelocity launcher; railgun; resonance ID TIMOSHENKO BEAM; MOVING LOAD AB A projectile accelerating along launcher rails may cross a range of critical velocities and induce resonance. As a result, the rails and other components exhibit increased displacements and stress that may cause launcher failure. This work is focused on the computation of the critical velocity and investigation of the transient resonance in the assembly of a notional electromagnetic hypervelocity launcher. Several analytical and finite-element models were employed: Different models yielded a good correlation and aided in better understanding of the launcher dynamics. Analysis shows that various components of a launcher can have different critical velocities. The results of this work will further be used to develop a novel design approach based on the idea of controlling the intervals between the critical velocities to minimize the enhanced occurrence of induced resonance regimes in launcher assemblies. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Lewis, KB (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM keith.b.lewis@navy.mil; nicholas.nechitailo@navy.mil NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 SI SI BP 157 EP 162 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2006.887648 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 123IB UT WOS:000243288500016 ER PT J AU Smith, AN McGlasson, BT Bernardes, JS AF Smith, Andrew N. McGlasson, Benjamin T. Bernardes, Jack S. TI Heat generation during the firing of a capacitor-based railgun system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 22-25, 2006 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP European Electromagnet Launch Soc, Inst Adv Technol, Univ Texas Austin DE electromagnetic launcher; pulse-forming network; railgun; thermal management AB Railguns use a high-current, high-energy electrical pulse to accelerate projectiles to hypersonic velocities. Pulse-forming networks that employ capacitors as the energy store are typically used to shape the required electrical pulse. A significant fraction of the stored energy (2% to 40% in large caliber railguns) is converted to projectile kinetic energy during launch. After the projectile exits the launcher, the balance of the energy has either been dissipated as heat in the circuit components or is stored in system inductance. If an energy recovery scheme is not employed, the inductor energy will also be dissipated in the resistance of the active circuit components. A circuit analysis has been performed in order to calculate the current profile from the PFN. A higher fidelity solution was achieved by accounting for the temperature dependent resistance of the rails. This information along with individual component resistance and inductance was used to calculate the distribution of energy subsequent to a single pulse. Detailed component heating information is important when considering the overall thermal management of the system. Once this information has been obtained, the components that require external cooling can be identified, and an appropriate thermal management system can in turn be designed. C1 USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Smith, AN (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ansmith@usna.edu NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 SI SI BP 190 EP 193 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2006.887647 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 123IB UT WOS:000243288500023 ER PT J AU Brown, L Xu, D Ravi-Chandar, K Satapathy, S AF Brown, L. Xu, D. Ravi-Chandar, K. Satapathy, S. TI Coefficient of friction measurement in the presence of high current density SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 22-25, 2006 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP European Electromagnet Launch Soc, Inst Adv Technol, Univ Texas Austin DE Bowden-Tabor model; high current density AB On the microscale, armature-rail interface contact is accomplished through surface asperity interaction. In this imperfect contact model (a version of the Bowden-Tabor model), we postulate the coexistence of one or more contact regimes, such as solid-solid contact, liquid-metal lubricated contact, and arcing contact. We are developing microscopic models and experimental this postulate. This work, in particular, describes the experimental apparatus developed to assist in the investigation of possible contact apparatus to study regimes and presents preliminary data that indicate a possible decrease in coefficient of friction in the presence of high current density when compared to a no-current condition. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Adv Technol, Austin, TX 78759 USA. RP Brown, L (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM lbrown@usna.edu RI Ravi-Chandar, Krishnaswamy/D-9246-2011; Satapathy, Sikhanda/L-5264-2015 NR 4 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 SI SI BP 334 EP 337 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2006.887697 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 123IB UT WOS:000243288500054 ER PT J AU Jones, HN Neri, JM Boyer, CN Cooper, KP Meger, RA AF Jones, Harry N. Neri, Jesse M. Boyer, Craig N. Cooper, Khershed P. Meger, Robert A. TI Pulsed current static electrical contact experiment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 22-25, 2006 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP European Electromagnet Launch Soc, Inst Adv Technol, Univ Texas Austin DE dissimilar metals; electrical contacts; pulsed current; railgun AB Railguns involve both static and sliding electrical contacts, which must transmit the large transient electrical currents necessary to impart high forces onto a projectile for acceleration to hypervelocity. Static electrical contacts between metals initially take place through small asperities, or "a-spots", distributed over the contact area. The voltage developed across the interface is directly related to the contact temperature and force, the number of a-spots, the thermophysical and mechanical properties of the contacting materials, the current history, and any interfacial materials that may be present. To physically simulate some of the conditions attained within a railgun, a pulsed current static electrical contact experimental facility has been developed at the Naval Research Laboratory. This facility employs a 500-kN capacity servohydraulic load frame equipped with an electrically insulated load train to establish a contact force on interfaces between metals through which a pulsed current is transmitted. The time dependent evolutions of the voltage drops across the interfaces, as detected by probes pushed into the contacting materials, are recorded during a 40-kA peak current pulse having a 300-mu s rise time with peak current densities on the order of SO kA/cm(2). The interface stack is assembled from a 12-mm outside diameter annular disk of metal with a 6.3-mm hole which is compressed between two hollow pedestals of a second metal. The evolution of the voltage drop across an interface during a pulse will be described as a function of initial contact pressures, current density, and polarity for dissimilar (Al/Cu) metal contacts. Thermal effects on the surfaces, including localized melting of the interface materials, were also investigated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Titan Corp, Reston, VA 20191 USA. RP Jones, HN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM harry.jones@nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 SI SI BP 343 EP 348 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2006.887716 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 123IB UT WOS:000243288500056 ER PT J AU Domaschk, LN Ouroua, A Hebner, RE Bowlin, OE Colson, WB AF Domaschk, Lori N. Ouroua, Abdelhamid Hebner, Robert E. Bowlin, Oscar E. Colson, W. B. TI Coordination of large pulsed loads on future electric ships SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 22-25, 2006 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP European Electromagnet Launch Soc, Inst Adv Technol, Univ Texas Austin DE electric ship; energy storage; power system; pulse loads AB Part of the technical versatility of future all-electric ships is the potential ability to share large amounts of power among a variety of high-power loads. To help evaluate this potential and to provide information to help guide technology selection, a physics-based model of a power train for an electric ship has been developed and implemented on three modeling platforms. Using this model, three different investigations have been carried out to explore aspects of the behavior of a rotating machine power source for a shipboard rail launcher. These were: 1) influence of rapid charging of the rotating machine system on the ship power system; 2) use of the stored energy in the rotating machines to improve ship power quality; and 3) use of the stored energy in the rotating machines to power a pulsed free-electron laser. Each study highlighted different integration opportunities and challenges. The first showed that, because the charging of the rail launchers was through 5-MW motors, there could be a voltage sag for a few cycles, but this could easily be managed so that the sag could be reduced to an inconsequential level. The second study showed that, with appropriate power electronics, the stored energy in the rail launcher power supply can be used to correct power quality problems introduced by other ship systems. Finally, the stored energy in the launcher power supply can be used to fire a free electron laser for ship defense. This feature opens the possibility of routine operation of the entire ship at highest efficiency, i.e., with the smallest number of gas turbines operating near full power, while providing stored energy needed for ship defense. C1 Univ Texas, Ctr Electromech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Domaschk, LN (reprint author), Univ Texas, Ctr Electromech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM ldomaschk@mail.utexas.edu; a.ouroua@mail.utexas.edu; r.hebner@mail.utexas.edu; oebowlin@nps.edu; wbcolson@nps.navy.mil NR 7 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 SI SI BP 450 EP 455 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2006.887676 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 123IB UT WOS:000243288500079 ER PT J AU Chrysanthou, YL Lau, RWH Singh, G AF Chrysanthou, Yiorgos L. Lau, Rynson W. H. Singh, Gurminder TI Guest editors' introduction: Special section on ACM VRST 2005 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Cyprus, Dept Comp Sci, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. Univ Durham, Dept Comp Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chrysanthou, YL (reprint author), Univ Cyprus, Dept Comp Sci, 75 Kallipoleos St,POB 20537, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. EM yiorgos@cs.ucy.ac.cy; rynson.lau@durham.ac.uk; gsingh@nps.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 EI 1941-0506 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1 BP 3 EP 4 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2007.12 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 113PW UT WOS:000242610800001 ER PT B AU Kolsch, M AF Kolsch, Mathias BE Sherman, W Lin, M Steed, A TI Rapid acquisition of persistent object textures SO IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY 2007, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Virtual Reality 2007 Conference CY MAR 10-14, 2007 CL Charlotte, NC SP IEEE VGTC, IEEE Comp Soc AB Model generation for virtual and augmented reality environments is cumbersome, time consuming, and difficult. We present methods for rapidly texturing registered geometry and for quickly creating environment maps. The video from a tracked camera is projected onto the geometry and cached within the geometry's textures. Object appearance thus becomes persistent beyond its momentary exposure to the video. The algorithms run in real-time and can be applied to arbitrary geometry. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kolsch, M (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0905-1 PY 2007 BP 287 EP 288 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BGB56 UT WOS:000245919300049 ER PT B AU Polys, NF Steed, A Behr, J Brutzman, D AF Polys, Nicholas F. Steed, Anthony Behr, Johannes Brutzman, Don BE Sherman, W Lin, M Steed, A TI The future standards for immersive VR SO IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY 2007, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Virtual Reality 2007 Conference CY MAR 10-14, 2007 CL Charlotte, NC SP IEEE VGTC, IEEE Comp Soc AB This workshop intends to bridge the historical rift between the VR and Web3D Communities. While the two fields of Web 3D graphics and VR 3D graphics have tended to view their technology as different beasts, they have many of the same requirements in terms of virtual world content - modeling, lighting, animation, and interaction/direct manipulation. Indeed, commodity hardware and open-source software advances enable a spectrum of immersion- not an all-or-nothing proposition or 'just for national labs only'. C1 [Polys, Nicholas F.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Brutzman, Don] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Steed, Anthony] UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Behr, Johannes] Fraunhofer IGD, Dramstadt, Germany. RP Polys, NF (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. FU workshop participants; Aaron Bergstrom; Marcio Cabral; Marcello Zuffo FX We thank our fellow workshop participants, Aaron Bergstrom, Marcio Cabral, and Marcello Zuffo, as well as the IEEE Virtual Reality 2007 Program Committee and University of North Carolina hosts. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0905-1 PY 2007 BP 322 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BGB56 UT WOS:000245919300060 ER PT S AU Padmanabhan, S Reising, SC Asher, WE Raizer, V Gaiser, PW AF Padmanabhan, S. Reising, S. C. Asher, W. E. Raizer, V. Gaiser, P. W. GP IEEE TI Comparison of modeled and observed microwave emissivities of water surfaces in the presence of breaking waves and foam SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE radiometer; breaking waves; foam; wind vector; emissivity AB Wind speed has been retrieved reliably from SSM/I microwave radiometric measurements since 1990 with a precision of better than 2 m/s. However, operational requirements of the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) dictate retrieval of the ocean surface wind vector, i.e. both speed and direction. This requires improved understanding and forward modeling of the physical processes governing ocean surface microwave emissivity. Although the microwave brightness temperature over the ocean exhibits a relatively strong dependence on wind speed, the dependence on wind direction with respect to the azimuthal angle of observation is at most a few Kelvin peak-to-peak. Although it is known that breaking waves and foam significantly affect the microwave emission of the ocean surface at 6.8, 10.8, 19 and 37 GHz, the effect of foam on the azimuthal dependence of sea surface emissivity is not well understood. This understanding is critical to improve forward models to achieve the accuracy required for ocean surface wind vector retrievals. Recently, electromagnetic modeling of the emissivity of foam generated by breaking waves has been improved by considering the vertical and horizontal heterogeneity of thick layers of foam at the ocean-atmosphere interface [1]. In this work, we compare foam emissivities both calculated using this model with those inferred from microwave brightness temperature measurements performed during the Polarimetric Observations of the Emissivity of Whitecaps EXperiment (POEWEX'04). C1 [Padmanabhan, S.; Reising, S. C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Asher, W. E.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Raizer, V.] Zel Technologies LLC, Fairfax, VA 22032 USA. [Gaiser, P. W.] Remote Sensing Div, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Padmanabhan, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM spadmana@engr.colostate.edu FU Naval Research Laboratory [N00173-04-1-G907 MOD 1]; National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Integrated Program Office FX This material is based on work supported by the Naval Research Laboratory under award N00173-04-1-G907 MOD 1, a subcontract from the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Integrated Program Office. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 42 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4422725 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657300011 ER PT S AU Gao, BC Montes, MJ Li, RR AF Gao, Bo-Cai Montes, Marcos J. Li, Rong-Rong GP IEEE TI A multi-channel atmospheric correction algorithm for remote sensing of coastal waters SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB In order to make reliable estimates of chlorophyll concentrations and suspended matter in the ocean, accurate retrievals of water leaving reflectances are required. The present operational atmospheric correction algorithms work reasonably well over clear ocean areas but gives incorrect results over brighter coastal waters. This is mainly due to the fact that the turbid waters are not dark for the two atmospheric correction channels centered near 0.75 and 0.86 mu m. Operational ocean products have not yet been derived over turbid waters and shallow waters with bottom reflection from remotely sensed data, such as the SeaWiFS and MODIS data. We have developed a multi-channel atmospheric correction algorithm for remote sensing of coastal waters. In this algorithm, aerosol models and optical depths are determined by a spectrum-matching technique utilizing channels located at wavelengths longer than 0.86 mu m where the ocean surface is dark. Here we describe briefly the algorithm and present sample results. C1 [Gao, Bo-Cai; Montes, Marcos J.; Li, Rong-Rong] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC USA. EM gao@nrl.navy.mil RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 54 EP 56 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4422728 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657300014 ER PT S AU Lee, HW Chen, KS Wang, JC Wu, TD Lee, JS Shi, JC AF Lee, Hung-Wei Chen, Kun-Shan Wang, Jeng Chuan Wu, Tzong-Dar Lee, Jong-Sen Shi, J. C. GP IEEE TI Extension of advanced integral equation model for calculations of fully polarimetric scattering coefficient from rough surface SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE polarimetric; AIEM; surface scattering; Stokes vector ID INVERSION; SAR AB The IEM model proposed in 1992, for rough surface scattering has been extensively applied for microwave remote sensing of terrain. Model validation has been made by experimental measurements and by numerical simulations. However, estimation accuracy was verified mostly for like-polarizations in the monostatic configuration. Since then, much effort has been devoted to improving the model performance. A recent AIEM(Advance IEM) incorporated these improvements and demonstrated significant enhancement in accuracy. Analysis was also extended to bistatic scattering for a wide range of surface parameters. In this study, we recognized that both theoretically and experimentally, the modified Stokes vector (Kennaugh matrix), including polarization correlation terms, are very useful to retrieve surface parameters such as wind field. Consequently, we extend the AIEM model to include all polarization correlation terms in order to understand the dependence of four Stokes terms on geophysical surface parameters, such as roughness, correlation length, and dielectric constant. Sensitivity analysis is also performed. Another useful aspect is in the physical interpretation of polarimetric returns as a function of azimuthal angle. Potential applications to soil moisture estimation will he illustrated and discussed. C1 [Lee, Hung-Wei; Chen, Kun-Shan; Wang, Jeng Chuan] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Wu, Tzong-Dar] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Keelung, Taiwan. [Lee, Jong-Sen] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Shi, J. C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. RP Lee, HW (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. EM u2360287@cc.ncu.edu.tw; dkschen@csrsr.ncu.edu.tw; tdwu@mail.ntou.edu.tw; john.lee@nrl.navy.mail NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 73 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4422733 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657300019 ER PT S AU Ainsworth, TL Lee, JS Chang, LW AF Ainsworth, T. L. Lee, J. -S. Chang, L. W. GP IEEE TI Classification comparisons between dual-pol and quad-pol SAR imagery SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE synthetic aperture radar; polarimetry ID POLARIMETRY AB We present a study of the polarimetric information content of dual-pol imaging modes, e.g. (HH, HV) and (VV, VH), and compare these against full quad-pol datasets. We discuss classification accuracies for various dual-pol datasets over several terrain/vegetation types with respect to the full quad-pol classification. The linear polarization modes implemented on space borne SAR systems are of primary importance. However, we also consider novel dual-pol modes, e.g. transmitting a circular polarization and receiving both H and V polarizations, and the so-call compact polarimetry models based on dual-pol data. Our primary emphasis is the inter-comparisons amongst the various dual-pol and compact polarimetric modes. C1 [Ainsworth, T. L.; Lee, J. -S.; Chang, L. W.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ainsworth, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 164 EP 167 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4422755 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657300041 ER PT S AU Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL Kelly, J Lopez-Martinez, C AF Lee, Jong-Sen Ainsworth, Thomas L. Kelly, John Lopez-Martinez, Carlos GP IEEE TI Evaluation and bias removal of multi-look effect on entropy/alpha/anisotropy SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE polarimetric SAR; multi-looking; target decomposition; Monte Carlo simulation AB Entropy, alpha and anisotropy (H/alpha/A) of the polarimetric target decomposition has been an effective and popular tool for polarimetric SAR image analysis and geophysical parameter estimation. However, multi-look processing can severely affects the values of these parameters. In this paper, we evaluate the bias problem in H/alpha/A due to insufficient averaging. We found that the estimated bias is radar frequency dependent. A procedure for bias compensation is proposed. Data from L-band DLR/E-SAR and L-band JPL/AIRSAR, and X-band PI-SAR data are used for demonstration in this study. C1 [Lee, Jong-Sen; Ainsworth, Thomas L.; Kelly, John] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lopez-Martinez, Carlos] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Act Remote Sens Grp, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Lee, Jong-Sen] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Chungli, Taiwan. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lopez-Martinez, Carlos/J-7446-2012 OI Lopez-Martinez, Carlos/0000-0002-1366-9446 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 172 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4422757 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657300043 ER PT S AU Boerner, WM Lee, JS AF Boerner, Wolfgang-Martin Lee, Jong-Sen GP IEEE TI Review of existing monographs and books on radar polarimetry and polariemtric SAR with the aim of justifying the need of updates SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE radar polarimetry; polarimetric SAR interferometry; differential (repeat-pass) monopolarization SAR interferometry ID CALCULUS; FOUNDATIONS AB Radar Polarimetry, Radar Interferometry and Polarimetric SAR Interferometry represent the current culmination in active 'Microwave Remote Sensing' technology, but we still need to progress considerably more in order to reach the limits of physical realizability. Whereas with radar polarimetry the textural fine-structure, target orientation, symmetries and material constituents can be recovered with considerable improvement above that of standard 'amplitude-only radar', by implementing 'radar interferometry' the spatial (in depth) structure can be explored. With Polarimetric Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (POL-IN-SAR) imaging, it is possible to recover such co-registered textural and spatial information from POL-IN-SAR digital image data sets simultaneously, including the extraction of Digital Elevation Maps (DEM) from either Polarimetric (scattering matrix) or Interferometric (dual antenna) SAR systems. However, in order to further advance this promising technology, we require pertinent basic educational and advanced research texts plus application oriented books for the practicing engineering scientists and users. Hitherto there are not available satisfactory updated sets of basic books or application oriented handbooks. Therefore, in this paper a succinct review of the existing pertinent monographs, books and guides will be presented with the aim of identifying particular topics that still need to be covered. We do now require these urgently associated sets of revised and updated multi-lingual (English, Japanese, Korean, Chinese) books. C1 [Boerner, Wolfgang-Martin] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Lee, Jong-Sen] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Boerner, WM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. EM boerner@ece.uic.edu; jong_sen_lee@yahoo.com NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 180 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4422759 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657300045 ER PT S AU Lee, HW Chen, KS Wu, TD Lee, JS Shi, JC Wang, JC AF Lee, Hung-Wei Chen, Kun-Shan Wu, Tzong-Dar Lee, Jong-Sen Shi, J. C. Wang, Jeng Chuan GP IEEE TI Extension of advanced integral equation model for calculations of fully polarimetric scattering coefficient from rough surface SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE polarimetric; AIEM; surface scattering; Stokes vector ID INVERSION; SAR AB The IEM model proposed in 1992, for rough surface scattering has been extensively applied for microwave remote sensing of terrain. Model validation has been made by experimental measurements and by numerical simulations. However, estimation accuracy was verified mostly for like-polarizations in the monostatic configuration. Since then, much effort has been devoted to improving the model performance. A recent AIEM(Advance IEM) incorporated these improvements and demonstrated significant enhancement in accuracy. Analysis was also extended to bistatic scattering for a wide range of surface parameters. In this study, we recognized that both theoretically and experimentally, the modified Stokes vector (Kennaugh matrix), including polarization correlation terms, are very useful to retrieve surface parameters such as wind field. Consequently, we extend the AIEM model to include all polarization correlation terms in order to understand the dependence of four Stokes terms on geophysical surface parameters, such as roughness, correlation length, and dielectric constant. Sensitivity analysis is also performed. Another useful aspect is in the physical interpretation of polarimetric returns as a function of azimuthal angle. Potential applications to soil moisture estimation will be illustrated and discussed. C1 [Lee, Hung-Wei; Chen, Kun-Shan; Lee, Jong-Sen; Wang, Jeng Chuan] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Wu, Tzong-Dar] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Keelung, Taiwan. [Lee, Jong-Sen] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Shi, J. C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. RP Lee, HW (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. EM u2360287@cc.ncu.edu.tw; dkschen@csrsr.ncu.edu.tw; tdwu@mail.ntou.edu.tw; john.lee@nrl.navy.mail NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 365 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4422806 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657300092 ER PT S AU Li, L Gaiser, P Jackson, T Bindlish, R Du, J AF Li, Li Gaiser, Peter Jackson, Tom Bindlish, Rajat Du, J. GP IEEE TI WindSat soil moisture algorithm and validation SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE ID MICROWAVE; VEGETATION; RADIOMETER; INVERSION AB We present the WindSat land algorithm that retrieves global soil moisture and vegetation water content simultaneously using the physically-based multi-channel maximum-likelihood estimation. The retrieval results agree well with soil moisture climatology, in-situ observations, precipitation patterns and the AVHRR vegetation data, potentially satisfying soil moisture science requirements of 6% under low to moderate vegetation conditions. C1 [Li, Li; Gaiser, Peter] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7220 Bldg 2, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jackson, Tom; Bindlish, Rajat; Du, J.] USDA, ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7220 Bldg 2, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM li.li@nrl.navy.mil FU NPOESS Integrated Program Office; Office of Naval Research FX This research is supported in part by the NPOESS Integrated Program Office and the Office of Naval Research. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 1188 EP 1191 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423017 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657301082 ER PT S AU Xu, P Tsang, L Li, L Chen, KS AF Xu, Peng Tsang, Leung Li, Li Chen, Kun Shan GP IEEE TI Emissivities of rough surface over layered media in microwave remote sensing of snow SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE stokes parameters; scattering from rough surface; emissivity; layered media ID GREENLAND; EMISSION AB The rough surfaces in Greenland are exhibited as sastrugi. The roughness heights are less than 8 cm for much of the year except in late winter and spring, when they increase to 25 cm or less. Roughness profiles were also related to snow and firn ventilation. WindSat, launched in January 2003, was the first spaceborne polarimetric radiometer to measure all 4 elements of Stokes vector, viz., the vertical polarized brightness temperatures, the horizontal polarized brightness temperatures, and the real and imaginary part of the cross-correlations of the vertical and horizontal polarizations. It was shown by Tsang (1984, 1990) that azimuthal asymmetry will create nonzero third and fourth Stokes parameter in passive microwave remote sensing. Thus the third and fourth Stokes parameters contain information of the azimuthal structure. Usually the third and fourth Stokes parameters are quite small :between 0.5K to 1K over land and less than +/- 2.5 K over ocean. However, measurements of third and Stokes parameters over Greenland show surprising values of 10K for the third Stokes parameter and between -10K and 20K for the fourth Stokes parameter. In this paper, we use physically based electromagnetic model to study the passive polarimetric remote sensing of snow in Greenland by consider the scattering and emission from a random rough surface over multi-layered media. We consider the random rough surface varied in only one horizontal direction so that azimuthal asymmetry exists in the 3-D problem. Dyadic Green's functions of multilayered medium (Tsang et al., 2000) Is used to formulate the surface integral equation so that the polarization dependence of emission and scattering is accounted for systematically. The surface integral equations are solved by using the method of moments in conjunction with fast numerical algorithms such as the multilevel UV method. Numerical results of brightness temperatures are illustrated for all four Stokes parameters to demonstrate the signatures of sastrugi in passive microwave remote sensing. To account for the large third and fourth Stokes parameters, we also consider the case of anisotropic scatterers in volume scattering. Full multiple volume scattering are studied with numerical solutions of the radiative transfer equations for non-spherical scatterers with preferred orientation. C1 [Xu, Peng; Chen, Kun Shan] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Tsang, Leung] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Li, Li] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Xu, P (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. EM tsang@ee.washington.edu FU NASA FX The research in this paper was supported by NASA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 1436 EP 1439 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423077 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657301142 ER PT S AU Ainsworth, TL Bachmann, CM Fusina, RA AF Ainsworth, T. L. Bachmann, C. M. Fusina, R. A. GP IEEE TI Local intrinsic dimensionality of hyperspectral imagery from non-linear manifold coordinates SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE hyperspectral imaging; non-linear dimensionality reduction AB Recent advances in non-linear dimensionality, approaches to hyperspectral image analysis have renewed interest in and provided a means to determine the intrinsic dimensionality of hyperspectral data. Of the many theoretical/computational approaches to dimensionality reduction, we discuss the local intrinsic dimensionality derived from the ISOMAP manifold approach. The ISOMAP algorithm itself provides one measure of global dimensionality, the eigenvalue spectrum. However, other estimation techniques are more easily adapted to determine the local dimensionality; chief among these are methods that measure minimum spanning path lengths for subsets of the full image. While intrinsic dimensionality is inherently scene dependent, knowledge of the information content, and underlying dimensionality, can guide data analysis methods and suggest appropriate data compression limits. C1 [Ainsworth, T. L.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bachmann, C. M.; Fusina, R. A.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ainsworth, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 1541 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423103 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657301168 ER PT S AU Bachmann, CM Ainsworth, TL Fusina, RA Montes, MJ Bowles, JH Korwan, DR AF Bachmann, Charles M. Ainsworth, Thomas L. Fusina, Robert A. Montes, Marcos J. Bowles, Jeffrey H. Korwan, Daniel R. GP IEEE TI Bathymetric retrieval from manifold coordinate representations of hyperspectral imagery SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB In this paper we examine the accuracy of manifold coordinate representations as a reduced representation of a hyperspectral look-up table for bathymetry retrieval. The approach is based on the extraction of a reduced dimensionality representation in manifold coordinates of a sufficiently large representative set of hyperspectral imagery [4]. The manifold coordinates are derived from a scalable version [4) of the isometric mapping (ISOMAP) algorithm [12] [11]. In the present work and in [51, these coordinates are used to establish an interpolating look-up table for bathymetric retrieval by associating the representative data with ground truth data, in this case from a LIDAR estimate in the representative area. The compression of look-up tables could also readily be applied to look-up tables generated by forward radiative transfer models,[9]. In this paper, we analyze the approach using data acquired by the PHILLS [6] hyperspectral camera over the Indian River lagoon Florida in 2004. Within a few months of the PHILLS overflights, SHOALS LIDAR data was obtained for a portion of this lagoon, principally covering the beach zone and in some instances portions of contiguous river channels. C1 [Bachmann, Charles M.; Ainsworth, Thomas L.; Fusina, Robert A.; Montes, Marcos J.; Bowles, Jeffrey H.; Korwan, Daniel R.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7232, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7232, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bachmann@nrl.navy.mil RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 FU National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency; Office of Naval Research under Program [0601153N]; Task Area [BE032-08-41] FX This work was supported by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. The work of C. M. Bachmann, T. L. Ainsworth, R. A. Fusina, and M. J. Montes was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Program Element 0601153N and Task Area BE032-08-41 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 1548 EP 1551 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423105 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657301170 ER PT S AU Hou, W Gray, DJ Weidemann, AD Fournier, GR Forand, JL AF Hou, Weilin Gray, Deric J. Weidemann, Alan D. Fournier, Georges R. Forand, J. L. GP IEEE TI Automated underwater image restoration and retrieval of related optical properties SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE ocean optics; scattering; image restoration; modulation transfer function; point spread function; NIRDD AB The presented effort is aimed at establishing a framework in order to restore underwater imagery to the best possible level, working with both simulated and field measured data. Under this framework, the traditional image restoration approach is extended by incorporating underwater optical properties into the system response function, specifically the point spread function (PSF) in spatial domain and modulation transfer function (MTF) in frequency domain. Due to the intensity variations involved in underwater sensing, denoising is carefully carried out by wavelet decompositions. This is necessary to explore different effects of restoration constrains, and especially their response to underwater environment where the effects of scattering can be easily treated as either signal or noise. The images are then restored using measured or modeled PSFs. An objective image quality metric, tuned with environmental optical properties, is designed to gauge the effectiveness of the restoration, and serves to check the optimization approach. This metric utilizes previous wavelet decompositions to constrain the sharpness metric based on grayscale slopes at the edge, weighted by the ratio of the power of high frequency components of the image to the total power of the image. Modeled PSFs, based on Wells' small angle approximations, are compared to those derived from Monte Carlo simulation using measured scattering properties. Initial results are presented, including estimation of water optical properties from the imagery-derived MTFs, and optimization outputs applying automated restoration framework. C1 [Hou, Weilin; Gray, Deric J.; Weidemann, Alan D.] Naval Res Lab, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Fournier, Georges R.; Forand, J. L.] DRDC, Quebec City, PQ G3J IX5, Canada. RP Hou, W (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU NRL [73-6867] FX The authors thank NRL for continuous support through NRL project 73-6867. NR 7 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 1889 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423193 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657302036 ER PT S AU Ainsworth, TL Preiss, M Stacy, N Lee, JS AF Ainsworth, T. L. Preiss, M. Stacy, N. Lee, J. -S. GP IEEE TI Quad-polarimetry and interferometry from repeat-pass dual-polarimetric SAR imagery SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE synthetic aperture radar; polarimetry AB New space-borne polarimetric SAR systems employ, or will employ, dual-pol imaging modes as well as full quad-pol imaging, e.g. PALSAR, RADARSAT-2, TERRASAR-X. Therefore questions arise as to the capabilities (and limitations) of these various dual-pol SAR imaging modes. One novel offshoot of our work on dual-pol SAR image analysis and polarimetric decompositions of dual-pol data was the idea to collect two dual-pol images employing geometry appropriate for parallel repeat-pass interferometry. The polarizations of the dual-pol collections differ, e.g. one is (HH, HV) and the other (VV, VH). Using the example of transmitting either horizontal (H) or vertical (V) polarizations, one collects all four polarimetric channels, but only two per pass. Except for the interferometric repeat-pass nature of the SAR image collections the polarimetric information should be identical to standard quad-pol SAR imagery. The relevant open questions concern the interferometric baseline and temporal decorrelations between the repeat-pass dual-pol images. C1 [Ainsworth, T. L.; Lee, J. -S.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Preiss, M.; Stacy, N.] Def Sci & Technol Org, Imaging Radar Syst Grp, Edinburgh, SA 5111, Australia. [Lee, J. -S.] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Chungli, Taiwan. RP Ainsworth, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 2616 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423381 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657302224 ER PT S AU Vesecky, LF Drake, J Laws, K Ludwig, FL Teague, CC Paduan, JD Sinton, D AF Vesecky, Lohn F. Drake, Jessica Laws, Kenneth Ludwig, Frank L. Teague, Calvin C. Paduan, Jeffery D. Sinton, Douglas GP IEEE TI Measurements of eddies in the ocean surface wind field by a mix of single and multiple-frequency HF radars on Monterey Bay California SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB To properly assess the impact of global climate change and plan for remediation, accurate regional climate models are necessary, functioning on 10 km size scales rather than the typical 100 km scales. Examples of 10 kin size scale phenomena are coastal wind eddies at 1040 km scales, studied over Monterey Bay, California by Archer, Ludwig et al. using shore and buoy anemometers and satellite images. Most frequent in the evening and early morning hours, these, typically cyclonic, eddies are often responsible for fog in the Santa Cruz California area. We have previously demonstrated the ability of multifrequency HF radar (4.8 to 21.8 MHz) to map the ocean wind field. Observations over a year time span indicate standard errors of prediction of 1.7 m/s for wind speed and 251 for direction with biases of 0.1 m/s and 0.3 degrees respectively. Combining HF radar wind vector estimates with shore based anemometer data in the WOCSS surface wind field model allows formation of detailed (3 to 5 km resolution) images of wind eddies over Monterey Bay and observation of their creation and decay. We discuss requirements for wind field observations with HF radars and demonstrate bow multiple radar sites can be used to produce HF radar wind field maps. We report observations of 10-20 km cyclonic eddies in the northern and eastern parts of Monterey Bay. C1 [Vesecky, Lohn F.; Drake, Jessica; Laws, Kenneth] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ludwig, Frank L.; Teague, Calvin C.] Stanford Univ, Environm Fluid Mech Lab & STAR Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Paduan, Jeffery D.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Sinton, Douglas] San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Vesecky, LF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM vesecky@soe.ucsc.edu; fludwig@stanford.edu; cal@nova.stanford.edu; paduan@nps.navy.mil; sinton@mctsun1.met.sjsu.edu FU School of Engineering, University of California at Santa Cruz; College of Engineering at the University of Michigan by the Office of Naval Research [N00014-97-1-0375]; NOAA through the Center for Integrated Marine Technology at UC Santa Cruz [NA 160C2936] FX This work was funded via the School of Engineering, University of California at Santa Cruz and the College of Engineering at the University of Michigan by the Office of Naval Research (Dr. Terry Paluszkiewicz, Scientific Officer), Grant N00014-97-1-0375 and by NOAA through the Center for Integrated Marine Technology at UC Santa Cruz -- Grant NA 160C2936. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 3269 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423542 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657303153 ER PT S AU Hwang, PA Sletten, MA Toporkov, JV AF Hwang, Paul A. Sletten, Mark A. Toporkov, Jakov V. GP IEEE TI Statistical characterization of radar sea scatter for breaking wave detection SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE radar backscatter; low grazing angle; sea spikes; breaking wave; mixed sea ID SPIKES; SURFACE; WIND AB Radar backscatter data are collected using a coherent, dual-polarized radar from a fixed tower in the ocean. Statistical analysis is performed to investigate the ID and 2D probability density functions of backscatter intensity, Doppler frequency, coherence function and polarization ratio. The fraction of sea spike coverage generally increases with wind speed but the trend of increase is modified by the intensity of background swell condition. Parameterizations of sea spike coverage combining both wind and wave factors show some apparent advantage than parameterizations with wind or wave factors alone. C1 [Hwang, Paul A.; Sletten, Mark A.; Toporkov, Jakov V.] Remote Sensing Div, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), Remote Sensing Div, Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Paul.hwang@nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 3517 EP 3520 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423604 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657303215 ER PT B AU Chen, VC AF Chen, Victor C. GP IEEE TI Joint time-frequency analysis for radar signal and imaging SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB The Fourier transform has been widely used in SAR signal and image processing. In most cases, SAR signals exhibit time-varying behavior in the Doppler spectrum. Thus, a joint time-frequency analysis (JTFA) for SAR signals is more useful. In this paper, we introduce three important issues with JTFA for radar signal and imaging: (1) time-frequency based image formation; (2) time-frequency analysis of ground moving targets; and (3) time-frequency analysis of micro-Doppler signatures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, VC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 5166 EP 5169 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657304189 ER PT B AU Kersten, PR Jansen, RW Ainsworth, TL AF Kersten, P. R. Jansen, R. W. Ainsworth, T. L. GP IEEE TI The cross Time-Frequency Distribution Series for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) applications SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE joint time-frequency analysis; JTFS; SAR; Wigner-Ville Transfom; time-frequency distribution series (TFDS); cross time-frequency distribution series (cross-TFDS) AB Joint Time Frequency Analysis (JTFA) is a powerful analysis tool in SAR image processing. At the heart of this process are the Time-Frequency Representations (TFR's) such as the Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD), which is difficult to use because of its large cross-product terms. The pseudo-WV TFR reduces the cross terms by smoothing the integration defining the WV transform. The Time-Frequency Distribution Series (TFDS) mitigates the unwanted cross product terms by averaging only those expansion terms close to the signal. The cross-Wigner-Ville Distribution (CWVD) is a generalization of the cross correlation function to the time-frequency (TF) plane. Likewise, the cross-pseudo-WV and the cross-TFDS can be defined and applied to pairs of signals. The cross-TFDS is shown to reduce the cross terms seen in the cross-WV distribution. Two examples are shown using SAR data. C1 [Kersten, P. R.; Jansen, R. W.; Ainsworth, T. L.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kersten, PR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 5178 EP 5181 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657304192 ER PT B AU Kelly, J Ainsworth, TL Lee, JS AF Kelly, J. Ainsworth, T. L. Lee, J. -S. GP IEEE TI Subaperture analysis of polarimetric SAR imagery SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE synthetic aperture radar; polarimetry; sub-aperture processing AB In this paper we investigate the nonstationary behavior of individual polarimetric parameters, e.g. entropy, anisotropy, alpha angle, orientation angle, helicity, etc. We distinguish between parameters that depend solely on the eigenvalues of the standard Cloude-Pottier polarimetric decomposition (span, entropy and anisotropy) and the others that depend on the scattering mechanisms, i.e. the Cloude-Pottier eigenvectors. After producing a series of azimuth subaperture polarimetric images, we apply the polarimetric decomposition to each subaperture frame and identify subaperture frames that show nonstationary scattering. Comparison of several specific targets, both discrete and distributed, will highlight aspects of polarimetric variability with respect to the SAR view angle. We illustrate our results using EMISAR L-band polarimetric SAR data. C1 [Kelly, J.; Ainsworth, T. L.; Lee, J. -S.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kelly, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 5190 EP 5193 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657304195 ER PT S AU Gillis, D Bowles, J Ientilucci, EJ Messinger, DW AF Gillis, David Bowles, Jeffrey Ientilucci, Emmett J. Messinger, David W. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Linear unmixing using endmember subspaces and physics based modeling - art. no. 66610E SO Imaging Spectrometry XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry XII CY AUG 28-29, 2007 CL San Diego, CA DE hyperspectral; linear mixing; endmembers; physics-based modeling AB One of the biggest issues with the Linear Mixing Model (LMM) is that it is implicitly assumed that each of the individual material components throughout the scene may be described using a single dimension (e.g. an endmember vector). In reality, individual pixels corresponding to the same general material class can exhibit a large degree of variation within a given scene. This is especially true in broad background classes such as forests, where the single dimension assumption clearly fails. In practice, the only way to account for the multidimensionality of the class is to choose multiple (very similar) endmembers, each of which represents some part of the class. To address these issues, we introduce the endmember subgroup model, which generalizes the notion of an 'endmember vector' to an 'endmember subspace'. In this model, spectra in a given hyperspectral scene are decomposed as a sum of constituent materials; however, each material is represented by some multidimensional subspace (instead of a single vector). The dimensionality of the subspace will depend on the within-class variation seen in the image. The endmember subgroups can be determined automatically from the data, or can use physics-based modeling techniques to include 'signature subspaces', which are included in the endmember subgroups. In this paper, we give an overview of the subgroup model; discuss methods for determining the endmember subgroups for a given image, and present results showing how the subgroup model improves upon traditional single endmember linear mixing. We also include results that use the 'signature subspace' approach to identifying mixed-pixel targets in HYDICE imagery. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gillis, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6809-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6661 BP E6610 EP E6610 AR 66610E DI 10.1117/12.735677 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGU38 UT WOS:000250579000013 ER PT J AU Boris, JP AF Boris, Jay P. BE Grinstein, FF Margolin, LG Rider, WJ TI More for LES: A Brief Historical Perspective of MILES SO IMPLICIT LARGE EDDY SIMULATION: COMPUTING TURBULENT FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FLUX-CORRECTED TRANSPORT; HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; SMALL IMPLICIT DIFFUSION; HIGH-RESOLUTION SCHEMES; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; FEM-FCT; ALGORITHM; FLOWS; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Boris, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 86 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-86982-9 PY 2007 BP 9 EP 38 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511618604.003 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511618604 PG 30 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA BXR90 UT WOS:000296861500003 ER PT J AU Drikakis, D Hahn, M Grinstein, FF DeVore, CR Fureby, C Liefvendahl, M Youngs, DL AF Drikakis, Dimitris Hahn, Marco Grinstein, Fernando F. DeVore, Carl R. Fureby, Christer Liefvendahl, Mattias Youngs, David L. BE Grinstein, FF Margolin, LG Rider, WJ TI Limiting Algorithms SO IMPLICIT LARGE EDDY SIMULATION: COMPUTING TURBULENT FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; FLUX-CORRECTED TRANSPORT; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION SCHEMES; CONSERVATIVE DIFFERENCE SCHEME; TAYLOR-GREEN VORTEX; 3-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; UNSTRUCTURED MESHES; FLOW C1 [Drikakis, Dimitris; Hahn, Marco] Cranfield Univ, Sch Engn, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. [DeVore, Carl R.] USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fureby, Christer] Swedish Def Res Agcy FOI, Dept Weap & Protect, SE-17290 Stockholm, Sweden. [Grinstein, Fernando F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Youngs, David L.] Atom Weap Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. RP Drikakis, D (reprint author), Cranfield Univ, Sch Engn, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. NR 77 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-86982-9 PY 2007 BP 94 EP 129 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511618604.006 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511618604 PG 36 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA BXR90 UT WOS:000296861500006 ER PT J AU Patnaik, G Grinstein, FF Boris, JP Young, TR Parmhed, O AF Patnaik, Gopal Grinstein, Fernando F. Boris, Jay P. Young, Ted R. Parmhed, Oskar BE Grinstein, FF Margolin, LG Rider, WJ TI Large-Scale Urban Simulations SO IMPLICIT LARGE EDDY SIMULATION: COMPUTING TURBULENT FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TURBULENT-FLOW; MODEL; LAYER C1 [Patnaik, Gopal; Boris, Jay P.; Young, Ted R.] USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Parmhed, Oskar] Swedish Def Res Agcy FOI, SE-17290 Stockholm, Sweden. [Grinstein, Fernando F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Patnaik, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-86982-9 PY 2007 BP 502 EP 530 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511618604.019 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511618604 PG 29 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA BXR90 UT WOS:000296861500023 ER PT B AU DeLooze, LL Young, PE AF DeLooze, Lori L. Young, Paul E. BE Tremante, A Welsch, F Malpica, F TI Object-oriented web-based application development using UML SO IMSCI '07: INTERNATIONAL MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SOCIETY, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Multi-Conference on Society, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 12-15, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System AB We propose a systematic, object-oriented, design and implementation process for web applications. The method is based on a series of UML diagrams and their translation to classes created in a scripting language such as PHP. The analysis phase includes a domain class diagram to describe the structure and a use case diagram to describe the system functionality. These are expanded during the design phase into a design-level class diagram and sequence diagrams, respectively. Finally, implementation guidelines outline the process of converting the design diagrams into object-oriented scripts that can be reused for other applications within the same domain. The power of this process is the semiautomatic generation of code from the detailed UML diagrams. C1 [DeLooze, Lori L.; Young, Paul E.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-934272-11-4 PY 2007 BP 252 EP 257 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education & Educational Research; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research; Information Science & Library Science GA BHK73 UT WOS:000253889800047 ER PT S AU Gray, JE Szu, HH AF Gray, John E. Szu, Harold H. BE Szu, HH Agee, J TI Learning, entropy, free energy, an underlying commonality? - art. no. 657606 SO Independent Component Analyses, Wavelets, Unsupervised Nano-Biomimetic Sensors, and Neural Networks V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Independent Component Analyses, Wavelets, Unsupervised Nano-Biomimetic Sensors, and Neural Networks V CY APR 10-13, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE learning; entropy; Renyi entropy; free energy AB Statistical Mechanics, which is due primarily to Maxwell, Gibbs, and Boltzmann in the ninetieth century, has proven to be useful model for drawing inferences about the collective behavior of individual objects that interact according to a known force law (which for more general usage is referred to as interacting units.). Collective behavior is determined not by computing F = ma for each interacting unit because the problem is mathematically intractable. Instead, one computes the partition function for the collection of interacting units and predicts statistical behavior from the partition function. Statistical mechanics was united with Bayesian inference by Jaynes. As a continuation, Shannon demonstrated that the partition function assignment of probabilities via the interaction Hamiltonian is the solution to Bayesian assignment of probabilities (based on the maximum entropy method with known means and standard deviations). Once this technique has been applied to a variety of problems and obtained a solution, one can, of course, solve the inverse problem to determine what interaction model gives rise to a given probability assignment. The usage of statistical mechanics allows one to draw general inferences about any complex system including networks by defining "energy", "heat capacity", "temperature", and other thermodynamic characteristics of most complex systems based on the common standard of the Helmholtz free energy. Principle has noted that the aspect of entropy used in reasoning with uncertainty may not be the most appropriate entropy for learning mechanisms. Instead he has explored using Renyi entropy and derived a form of information learning dynamics that has some promising features. To fully realize the potential of the usage of a more generalized entropy to the three aspects of survival, we suggest some connections to free energy and learning. We also connect some aspects of sensing to probability distributions that suggest why certain search strategies perform better than others. In making these connections, we suggest a fundamental connection waits to be discovered between inference, learning, and related to the manner in which sensing mechanisms perform. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Code Q-23, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6698-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6576 BP 57606 EP 57606 AR 657606 DI 10.1117/12.725208 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BGJ61 UT WOS:000247644400005 ER PT S AU Carter, PH AF Carter, Patricia H. BE Szu, HH Agee, J TI The Rocchio classifier and second generation wavelets - art. no. 65760F SO Independent Component Analyses, Wavelets, Unsupervised Nano-Biomimetic Sensors, and Neural Networks V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Independent Component Analyses, Wavelets, Unsupervised Nano-Biomimetic Sensors, and Neural Networks V CY APR 10-13, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE classification; categorization; text classification; Rocchio classifier; second generation wavelets; naive Bayes; machine learning AB Classification and characterization of text is of ever growing importance in defense and national security. The text classification task is an instance of classification using sparse features residing in a high dimensional feature space. Two standard (of a wide selection of available) algorithms for this task are the naive Bayes classifier and the Rocchio linear classifier. Naive Bayes classifiers are widely applied; the Rocchio algorithm is primarily used in document classification and information retrieval. Both these classifiers are popular because of their simplicity and ease of application, computational speed and reasonable performance. One aspect of the Rocchio approach, inherited from its information retrieval origin, is that it explicitly uses both positive and negative models. Parameters have been introduced which make it adaptive to the particulars of the corpora of interest and thereby improve its performance. The ideas inherent in these classifiers and in second generation wavelets can be recombined into new algorithms for classification. An example is a classifier using second generation wavelet-like functions for class probes that mimic the Rocchio positive template - negative template approach. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Carter, PH (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6698-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6576 BP F5760 EP F5760 AR 65760F DI 10.1117/12.725207 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BGJ61 UT WOS:000247644400014 ER PT S AU Szu, H AF Szu, Harold BE Szu, HH Agee, J TI Wellness Engineering for better quality of life of aging baby boomer - art. no. 65760O SO Independent Component Analyses, Wavelets, Unsupervised Nano-Biomimetic Sensors, and Neural Networks V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Independent Component Analyses, Wavelets, Unsupervised Nano-Biomimetic Sensors, and Neural Networks V CY APR 10-13, 2007 CL Orlando, FL AB Current health care system serving 78M aging baby-boomers is no longer sustainable, as the cost about 115 GDP will reach 1/4GDT when all is retired in decades, unless the system is changed. We design a high-tech safe net to enhance the timeliness of early correct treatment execution (otherwise, causing 1/4 mortality associated with an escalating legal fee waste). We follow the common sense that "a stitch in time saves nine," and adopt the military surveillance know-how in designing early warning health management system, comprising of smart sensor pairs for point-care surveillance. However, the grand plan of affordable smart sensors hardware for households requires an ODM & OEM teaming to conduct parallel designing and sequential marketing strategy. The military software strategy combating a treacherous adversary enemy match well with point cares surveillance overcoming real world microorganism variability. Moreover, such smart military software provides self-reference change detection, not by traditional cohort ensemble average, but by individual own higher order statistics (HOS) independent component analysis (ICA), which take the advantage of known initial condition for each individual and desirable over-sampling daily dynamics. The triggering of waming follows the military algorithms comprising of Receiver Operation Characteristics (ROC) and Automatic Target Recognition (ATR). To further reduce the unwanted false negative rate, a benchmarked is made against the traditional cohort-ensemble baseline average & the upper & lower bounds of variance as adopted by the gatekeepers ------ Medical Doctors (MD) and Nurses. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Szu, H (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6698-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6576 BP O5760 EP O5760 AR 65760O DI 10.1117/12.725191 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BGJ61 UT WOS:000247644400020 ER PT J AU Tao, WM Zhang, MF Ma, O Yun, XP AF Tao, WeiMin Zhang, MinFun Ma, Ou Yun, XiaoPing TI Industrial robot track modeling and vibration suppression SO INDUSTRIAL ROBOT-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE robotics; control systems; modeling; vibration ID RESIDUAL VIBRATION; REDUCTION; MOTION; INPUTS; ARMS AB Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the vibration suppression of industrial track robot and propose a practical solution. Design/methodology/approach - Root-cause analysis through dynamic modeling, and vibration suppression using the acceleration smoother. Findings - The vibration is due to insufficient damping based on the model analysis. The solution achieved significant performance improvement without redesign of robot hardware and controller. Research limitations/implications - The design of the proposed acceleration smoother is still empirical based, which is unable to achieve optimal design. Practical implications - This solution is very easy to implement. It is robust, reliable and is able to generate consistent results. Originality/value - A very practical industrial solution, especially useful for upgrading the existing systems in the field without redesign the hardware and controller. C1 Brooks Automat Inc, Palo Alto, CA USA. Agilent Technol, Palo Alto, CA USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Tao, WM (reprint author), Brooks Automat Inc, Palo Alto, CA USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0143-991X J9 IND ROBOT JI Ind. Robot PY 2007 VL 34 IS 4 BP 317 EP 325 DI 10.1108/01439910710749645 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA 190NW UT WOS:000248066800019 ER PT S AU Ericsen, T AF Ericsen, Terry GP IEEE TI Engineering "total electric ship" SO Industry Applications Society 54th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference SE RECORD OF CONFERENCE PAPERS - PETROLEUM AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference CY SEP 17-19, 2007 CL Calgary, CANADA SP IEEE DE electric ship design; total systems engineering; physics-based analyses; modeling and simulation; ship electric power systems standards AB The complexity of today's ship systems exceeds capabilities of existing tools for "total system engineering". As the power of systems increases, lower order effects have substantial amounts of energy and that cannot be ignored. Converters in the 10's of megawatt range can produce 100's of kilowatts of losses in the form of heat, electro-magnetic interference (EMI), and mechanical vibration. Today's designer must take into account these interactions, as well as predict many other effects such as: system cost, reliability, environmental effects, health effects, and so on. However, complex systems can be simplified by applying advanced technology. Using intelligent controllers and partitioning the system based on the physics of the materials, components, and methods of manufacture can produce building blocks, which allow systems to be designed, built, and operated in a rational predictable manner. This paper analyzes the challenges of Engineering "Total Electric Ship" and describes some new ideas such as a "relational" design process, enabled. by physics-based modeling and simulation. Paper also describes the Marine Industries Subcommittee activities in this areas and the development of new interface standards based on collective industrial experience and consensus for marine power electronics and power systems connections to onshore power inside the ports during cargo unloading or power sources at times of natural disasters. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Ericsen, T (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0090-3507 BN 978-1-4244-1139-9 J9 RECORD CONF PAP PETR PY 2007 BP 189 EP 194 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BGW75 UT WOS:000251004900022 ER PT J AU Coster, TS Wolf, MK Hall, ER Cassels, FJ Taylor, DN Liu, CT Trespalacios, FC DeLorimier, A Angleberger, DR McQueen, CE AF Coster, T. S. Wolf, M. K. Hall, E. R. Cassels, F. J. Taylor, D. N. Liu, C. T. Trespalacios, F. C. DeLorimier, A. Angleberger, D. R. McQueen, C. E. TI Immune response, ciprofloxacin activity, and gender differences after human experimental challenge by two strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID COLONIZATION FACTOR ANTIGENS; IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; HEAT-LABILE ENTEROTOXIN; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MILK IMMUNOGLOBULIN; MILITARY-PERSONNEL; DIARRHEAL DISEASE; ORAL IMMUNIZATION; SECRETING CELLS AB In order to test vaccines against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-induced diarrhea, challenge models are needed. In this study we compared clinical and immunological responses after North American volunteers were orally challenged by two ETEC strains. Groups of approximately eight volunteers received 109 or 1010 CFU of E. coli B7A (LT+ ST+ CS6(+)) or 10(8) or 10(9) CFU of E. coli H10407 (LT+ ST+ CFA/I+). About 75% of the volunteers developed diarrhea after challenge with 10(10) CFU B7A or either dose of H10407. B7A had a shorter incubation period than H10407 (P = 0.001) and caused milder illness; the mean diarrheal output after H10407 challenge was nearly twice that after B7A challenge (P = 0.01). Females had more abdominal complaints, and males had a higher incidence of fever. Ciprofloxacin generally diminished or stopped symptoms and shedding by the second day of antibiotic treatment, but four subjects shed for one to four additional days. The immune responses to colonization factors CS6 and colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) and to heat-labile toxin (LT) were measured. The responses to CFA/I were the most robust responses; all volunteers who received H10407 had serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG responses, and all but one volunteer had antibody-secreting cell (ASC) responses. One-half the volunteers who received B7A had an ASC response to CS6, and about one-third had serum IgA or IgG responses. Despite the differences in clinical illness and immune responses to colonization factors, the immune responses to LT were similar in all groups and were intermediate between the CFA/I and CS6 responses. These results provide standards for immune responses after ETEC vaccination. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Regulated Activ, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wolf, MK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Regulated Activ, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Marcia.Wolf@amedd.army.mil NR 60 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 1 BP 252 EP 259 DI 10.1128/IAI.01131-06 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 122MG UT WOS:000243230500027 PM 17074855 ER PT S AU Collins, G AF Collins, Gabe BE Popovich, V Schrenk, M Korolenko, K TI Northern Shield US-Russia Maritime Energy Security Cooperation SO INFORMATION FUSION AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Information Fusion and Geographical Information Systems CY MAY 27-29, 2007 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP Russian Acad Sci, St Petersburg Inst Informat & Automat AB The views expressed in this paper are the authors personal analysis and opinions and in no way reflect official US government policies and positions. C1 USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Collins, G (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1863-2246 BN 978-3-540-37628-6 J9 LEC NOT GEO CARTO PY 2007 BP 301 EP 315 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-37629-3_23 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA BMM13 UT WOS:000272786000023 ER PT S AU Martin, K AF Martin, Keye BE Furon, T Cayre, F Doerr, G Bas, P TI Steganographic communication with quantum information SO INFORMATION HIDING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Information Hiding CY JUN 11-13, 2007 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Conseil Gen Ille Vilaine, Direct Gen Armees, European Off Aerosp, Fondat Michel Metivier, Lecture Notes Comput Sci, Pole Competitivite Image Reseaux, Reg Bretagne, Thomson CORP, Univ Rennes AB We introduce a scheme for steganographic communication based on a channel hidden within the quantum key distribution protocol of Bennett and Brassard. An outside observer cannot establish evidence that this communication is taking place for the simple reason that no correlations between public data and hidden information exist. Assuming an attacker guesses hidden communication is underway, we obtain a precise quantitative bound on the amount of hidden information they can acquire, and find that it is very small, less than 10(-7) bits per channel use in typical experimental settings. We also calculate the capacity of the steganographic channel, including an analysis based on data available from experimental realizations of quantum protocols. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Martin, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Code 5540, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-77369-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4567 BP 32 EP 49 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHF79 UT WOS:000252771500003 ER PT S AU Martin, K Moskowitz, IS AF Martin, Keye Moskowitz, Ira S. BE Camenisch, JL Collberg, CS Johnson, NF Sallee, P TI Noisy timing channels with binary inputs and outputs SO INFORMATION HIDING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Information Hiding CY JUL 10-12, 2006 CL Alexandria, VA AB We develop the algebraic theory of timed capacity for channels with binary inputs and outputs in the presence of noise, by obtaining a formula for capacity in terms of the unique solution of a nonlinear algebraic equation. We give provably correct numerical algorithms for solving this equation, specifically tailored toward calculating capacity. We use our results to establish that information theory has an inherent discontinuity in it: the function which assigns the unique capacity achieving distribution to the noise matrix of a binary channel has no continuous extension to the set of all noise matrices. Our results provide new formulae in the case of untimed binary channels as well. Our results are important in the study of real-world systems, such as the NRL Network Pumpg (R) system and traffic analysis in anonymity systems. C1 [Martin, Keye; Moskowitz, Ira S.] Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Naval Res Lab, Code 5540, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Martin, K (reprint author), Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Naval Res Lab, Code 5540, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kmartin@itd.nrl.navy.mil; moskowitz@itd.nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory FX Research supported by the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-74123-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4437 BP 124 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGV14 UT WOS:000250749600009 ER PT J AU Arquilla, J AF Arquilla, John BE Arquilla, J Borer, DA TI Thinking about information strategy Introduction SO INFORMATION STRATEGY AND WARFARE: A GUIDE TO THEORY AND PRACTICE SE Contemporary Security Studies LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Arquilla, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-94563-6 J9 CONTEMP SECUR STUD PY 2007 BP 1 EP 15 D2 10.4324/9780203945636 PG 15 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BMV70 UT WOS:000273668700001 ER PT J AU Barrett, FJ Sarbin, TR AF Barrett, Frank J. Sarbin, Theodore R. BE Arquilla, J Borer, DA TI The rhetoric of terror "War" as misplaced metaphor SO INFORMATION STRATEGY AND WARFARE: A GUIDE TO THEORY AND PRACTICE SE Contemporary Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Barrett, Frank J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Sarbin, Theodore R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Fac Psychol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sarbin, Theodore R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Sarbin, Theodore R.] Univ Oxford, Nuffield Coll, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Barrett, FJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-94563-6 J9 CONTEMP SECUR STUD PY 2007 BP 16 EP 33 D2 10.4324/9780203945636 PG 18 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BMV70 UT WOS:000273668700002 ER PT J AU Robinson, GE AF Robinson, Glenn E. BE Arquilla, J Borer, DA TI Jihadi information strategy Sources, opportunities, and vulnerabilities SO INFORMATION STRATEGY AND WARFARE: A GUIDE TO THEORY AND PRACTICE SE Contemporary Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Robinson, GE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-94563-6 J9 CONTEMP SECUR STUD PY 2007 BP 86 EP 112 D2 10.4324/9780203945636 PG 27 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BMV70 UT WOS:000273668700005 ER PT J AU Lord, C AF Lord, Carnes BE Arquilla, J Borer, DA TI Reorganizing for public diplomacy SO INFORMATION STRATEGY AND WARFARE: A GUIDE TO THEORY AND PRACTICE SE Contemporary Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Ctr Naval Warfare Studies, Strateg Res Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lord, C (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Ctr Naval Warfare Studies, Strateg Res Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-94563-6 J9 CONTEMP SECUR STUD PY 2007 BP 113 EP 126 D2 10.4324/9780203945636 PG 14 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BMV70 UT WOS:000273668700006 ER PT J AU Whaley, B AF Whaley, Barton BE Arquilla, J Borer, DA TI The one percent solution Costs and benefits of military deception SO INFORMATION STRATEGY AND WARFARE: A GUIDE TO THEORY AND PRACTICE SE Contemporary Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Whaley, Barton] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Whaley, Barton] RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90406 USA. [Whaley, Barton] MIT, Ctr Int Studies, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Whaley, Barton] American Univ, Former Special Operat Res Off, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP Whaley, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-94563-6 J9 CONTEMP SECUR STUD PY 2007 BP 127 EP 159 D2 10.4324/9780203945636 PG 33 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BMV70 UT WOS:000273668700007 ER PT J AU Rothstein, HS AF Rothstein, Hy S. BE Arquilla, J Borer, DA TI Strategy and psychological operations SO INFORMATION STRATEGY AND WARFARE: A GUIDE TO THEORY AND PRACTICE SE Contemporary Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Rothstein, HS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-94563-6 J9 CONTEMP SECUR STUD PY 2007 BP 160 EP 186 D2 10.4324/9780203945636 PG 27 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BMV70 UT WOS:000273668700008 ER PT J AU Denning, DE AF Denning, Dorothy E. BE Arquilla, J Borer, DA TI Assessing the computer network operations threat of foreign countries SO INFORMATION STRATEGY AND WARFARE: A GUIDE TO THEORY AND PRACTICE SE Contemporary Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Denning, DE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-94563-6 J9 CONTEMP SECUR STUD PY 2007 BP 187 EP 210 D2 10.4324/9780203945636 PG 24 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BMV70 UT WOS:000273668700009 ER PT J AU Kinniburgh, J Denning, D AF Kinniburgh, James Denning, Dorothy BE Arquilla, J Borer, DA TI Blogs and military information strategy SO INFORMATION STRATEGY AND WARFARE: A GUIDE TO THEORY AND PRACTICE SE Contemporary Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Denning, Dorothy] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Kinniburgh, J (reprint author), Joint Special Operat Univ, Hurlburt Field, FL USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-94563-6 J9 CONTEMP SECUR STUD PY 2007 BP 211 EP 232 D2 10.4324/9780203945636 PG 22 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BMV70 UT WOS:000273668700010 ER PT J AU Borer, DA AF Borer, Douglas A. BE Arquilla, J Borer, DA TI Why is information strategy difficult? Conclusion SO INFORMATION STRATEGY AND WARFARE: A GUIDE TO THEORY AND PRACTICE SE Contemporary Security Studies LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA USA. RP Borer, DA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-94563-6 J9 CONTEMP SECUR STUD PY 2007 BP 233 EP 240 D2 10.4324/9780203945636 PG 8 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BMV70 UT WOS:000273668700011 ER PT S AU Krapels, CDRK Larson, CDRP Driggers, RG Larsen, L Fanning, J AF Krapels, C. D. R. Keith Larson, C. D. R. Paul Driggers, Ronald G. Larsen, Lou Fanning, Jonathan BE Holst, GC TI Sine wave contrast target for direct view optics field performance measurements - art. no. 65430J SO Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVIII CY APR 11-13, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID IMAGE QUALITY; TOD AB In this research, a sensor performance measurement technique is developed similar to the Triangle Orientation Discrimination (TOD), but sinusoids are used instead of triangles. Also, instead of infrared systems, the technique is applied to the eye and direct view optics. This new technique is called Contrast Threshold Function Orientation Discrimination (CTFOD) and the result is a "system" contrast threshold function that can be used with Vollmerhausen's Target Task Performance (TTP) metric. The technique is a simple technique that can be measured in the field using a target board where the results provide for the eye, the optics transfer function and transmission, and any atmospheric turbulence effects that are present. C1 Off Naval Res, Naval Res Lab Reserves, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Krapels, CDRK (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Naval Res Lab Reserves, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6665-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6543 BP J5430 EP J5430 AR 65430J DI 10.1117/12.719631 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGR08 UT WOS:000249892800016 ER PT S AU Aifer, EH Warner, JH Stine, RR Vurgaftman, I Canedy, CL Jackson, EM Tischler, JG Meyer, JR Petrovykh, DY Whitman, LJ AF Aifer, E. H. Warner, J. H. Stine, R. R. Vurgaftman, I. Canedy, C. L. Jackson, E. M. Tischler, J. G. Meyer, J. R. Petrovykh, D. Y. Whitman, L. J. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Passivation of W-structured type-II superlattice long-wave infrared photodiodes - art. no. 654203 SO Infrared Technology and Applications XXXIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXIII CY APR 09-13, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE type-II superlattice; strained layer superlattice; III-V; IR detector; passivation; ammonium sulfide; thioacetamide ID XPS AB A critical step in developing type-II superlattice (T2SL) based LWIR focal plane array (FPA) technology is to achieve high performance levels in FPA pixel-sized devices having 20-40 mu m pitch. At this scale, device performance tends to be limited by surface effects along mesa sidewalls which are etched to provide pixel isolation. While control of surface leakage has been achieved for MWIR T2SLs, as evidenced by the availability of commercially produced FPAs, the same cannot be said for LWIR T2SLs. Several groups have approached this problem as strictly a matter of surface treatment, including cleaning, chemical treatment, and dielectric coating or epitaxial overgrowth, but with limited success. Here we describe an approach based on shallow-etch mesa isolation (SEMI), which takes advantage of bandgap grading to isolate devices without exposing narrow-gap LWIR regions on diode mesas sidewalls. The SEMI process consists of defining mesa diodes with a shallow etch that passes only 20-100 nm past the junction of a graded-gap "W"-structured type-II superlattice p-i-n structure, where the bandgap remains large (> 200 meV). A second, deeper etch is then used to define a trench along the chip border for access to the p-contact. As a result, SEMI diodes have only MWIR layers exposed along sidewalls, while the LWIR regions remain buried and unexposed. We also discuss an investigation of surface passivation of GaSb with sulfur using thioacetamide. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aifer, EH (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011; Stine, Rory/C-6709-2013; Petrovykh, Dmitri/A-3432-2008 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174; Petrovykh, Dmitri/0000-0001-9089-4076 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6664-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6542 BP 54203 EP 54203 AR 654203 DI 10.1117/12.723428 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGR07 UT WOS:000249892700002 ER PT J AU Smith, JF Nguyen, TH AF Smith, James F., III Nguyen, ThanhVu H. TI Autonomous and cooperative robotic behavior based on fuzzy logic and genetic programming SO INTEGRATED COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Advances in a fuzzy decision theory that allow automatic cooperation between unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are discussed. The algorithms determine points the UAVs are to sample, flight paths, and the optimal UAVs for the task and related changes during the mission. Human intervention is not required after the mission begins. The algorithms take into account what is known before and during the mission about UAV reliability, fuel, and kinematics as well as the measurement space's meteorological states, terrain, air traffic, threats and related uncertainties. The fuzzy decision tree for path assignment is a significant advance over an older fuzzy decision rule that was previously introduced. Simulations show the ability of the control algorithm to allow UAVs to effectively cooperate to increase the UAV team's likelihood of successfully measuring the atmospheric index of refraction over a large volume. A genetic program (GP) based data mining procedure is discussed for automatically evolving fuzzy decision trees. The GP is used to automatically create the fuzzy decision tree for real-time UAV path assignments. The GP based procedure offers several significant advances over previously introduced GP based data mining procedures. These advances help produce mathematically concise fuzzy decision trees that are consistent with human intuition. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.smith@nrl.navy.mil NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1069-2509 J9 INTEGR COMPUT-AID E JI Integr. Comput.-Aided Eng. PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 BP 141 EP 159 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 161VF UT WOS:000246043800003 ER PT B AU Guttieri, K Piombo, J AF Guttieri, Karen Piombo, Jessica BE Guttieri, K Piombo, J TI Issues and Debates in Transitional Rule SO INTERIM GOVERNMENTS: INSTITUTIONAL BRIDGES TO PEACE AND DEMOCRACY? LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WEAK STATES; DEMOCRACY; WAR; DEMOCRATIZATION; CONFLICT C1 [Piombo, Jessica] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 78 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU US INST PEACE PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA BN 978-1-60127-017-7 PY 2007 BP 3 EP 34 PG 32 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BWB26 UT WOS:000293360500001 ER PT B AU Malley, MS AF Malley, Michael S. BE Guttieri, K Piombo, J TI Inchoate Opposition, Divided Incumbents Muddling toward Democracy in Indonesia, 1998-99 SO INTERIM GOVERNMENTS: INSTITUTIONAL BRIDGES TO PEACE AND DEMOCRACY? LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Michael S. Malley offers up Indonesia as a case study of an incumbent caretaker model of transition from authoritarian rule that was spurred by a combination of internal and external factors. Malley's description of the transitional regime in Indonesia demonstrates that even in this world of increasingly internationalized transitions, internally directed change, first described by waves of Latin Americanists, and shades of which can be seen in William D. Stanley's chapter, can still occur. In Indonesia, a performance-based authoritarian regime was brought down by the East Asian financial crisis of 1997, which had sparked a global currency crisis that undermined the Soeharto regime's hold on power. Soeharto first tried to repress dissent, but ultimately he was forced to make some concessions to liberalization. Limited liberalization then snowballed into a full-blown transition, forcing Soeharto to step down in favor of a domestically appointed and managed caretaker government. During this process, dissent over the right course of action strengthened divisions within the ruling regime, and rivalries within the armed forces critically shaped the resultant transitional processes. Although the conditions for an incumbent caretaker government were hardly auspicious Indonesia was deeply divided by communal cleavages it succeeded in creating the world's largest Muslim democracy. Because Soeharto left office quickly after opposition first surfaced, the opposition was too weak and divided to form a united front and therefore to create a provisional revolutionary regime. The weakness of the opposition and the division within the military allowed the incumbent caretaker, B. J. Habibie, to control the transition, although he left the country and politics after it was achieved. The resultant weak democracy was unable to attack corruption or to fully control the military. C1 Naval Postgrad School, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. RP Malley, MS (reprint author), Naval Postgrad School, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US INST PEACE PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA BN 978-1-60127-017-7 PY 2007 BP 147 EP 169 PG 23 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BWB26 UT WOS:000293360500007 ER PT J AU Yost, DS AF Yost, David S. TI NATO and the anticipatory use of force SO INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LA English DT Article AB Only since the end of the Cold War, and particularly since September 2001, have questions of anticipatory action arisen in alliance deliberations concerning the use of force. In initiating their Balkan operations, it should be recalled, the allies did not face direct threats, but intervened toterminate conflicts and human rights abuses and to shape their security environment. It has been difficult for the alliance to get to grips with the new security challenges presented by terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction because of its history, its intrinsic character, and the nature of the new security challenges. Its history includes a strictly reactive posture during the Cold War and its interventions from a position of overwhelming superiority in the Balkan conflicts. The new security challenges place under stress the alliance's intrinsic character as a permanent coalition of sovereign independent states committed to collective defence because these challenges may endanger specific allies to differing degrees (in contrast with the overarching Soviet threat during the Cold War) and revealdiff erences in interests, capabilities and strategic cultures among the allies. The allies have not yet resolved questions concerning the legality and legitimacy of the antici patory use of force, nor have they fully explored the implications of concepts such as 'constructive abstention' and 'NATO in support' with regard to preemptive or preventive operations undertaken by a group of allies. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Yost, DS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-5850 J9 INT AFF JI Int. Aff. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 83 IS 1 BP 39 EP + DI 10.1111/j.1468-2346.2007.00602.x PG 31 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 131KY UT WOS:000243869000003 ER PT B AU Kim, A Khashnobish, A Kang, M AF Kim, Anya Khashnobish, Amit Kang, Myong BE Latifi, S TI An architecture for web services authentication and authorization in a maritime environment SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Information Technology - New Generations CY APR 02-04, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Premier Hall Sci & Engn DE web services; authentication and authorization; federated identity management; SAML; and XACML AB We developed an architecture for federated identity management in a maritime environment using SAML and XACML This paper introduces the architecture, associated use cases for situational maritime awareness, and a general security analysis of the authentication and authorization framework. C1 [Kim, Anya; Khashnobish, Amit; Kang, Myong] Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, A (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kim@itd.nrl.navy.mil; amith@itd.nrl.navy.mil; mkang@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2776-5 PY 2007 BP 451 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BGD76 UT WOS:000246181000074 ER PT B AU Gera, R AF Gera, Ralucca BE Latifi, S TI On the dominator colorings in bipartite graphs SO International Conference on Information Technology, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Information Technology - New Generations CY APR 02-04, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Premier Hall Sci & Engn AB A graph has a dominator coloring if it has a proper coloring in which each vertex of the graph dominates ever), vertex of some color class. The dominator chromatic number chi(d)(G) is the minimum number of color classes in a dominator coloring of a graph G. In this paper we study the dominator chromatic number for the hypercube, Q(n) = Q(n-1) x K-2 (With Q(1) congruent to P-2, n >= 2), and more generally for bipartite graphs. We then conclude it with open questions for further research. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gera, R (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2776-5 PY 2007 BP 947 EP 952 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BGD76 UT WOS:000246181000167 ER PT J AU Tyagi, SK Wang, SW Chen, GM Wang, Q Chandra, H Wu, C AF Tyagi, S. K. Wang, S. W. Chen, G. M. Wang, Q. Chandra, H. Wu, C. TI Performance investigations under maximum ecological and maximum economic conditions of a complex Brayton cycle SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERGY LA English DT Article DE complex Brayton cycle; economic function; ecological function; entropy generation rate; efficiency; power output ID ISOTHERMAL HEAT ADDITION; THERMOECONOMIC OPTIMIZATION; THERMAL EFFICIENCY; POWER OPTIMIZATION; ENGINES; CRITERION; IRREVERSIBILITIES; DENSITY; PLANTS; OUTPUT AB A complex Brayton cycle is investigated under maximum economic and maximum ecological conditions. The economic function defined as the power output divided by the total cost, while the ecological function defined as the power output divided by the entropy generation rate, is optimised with respect to the cycle temperatures, reheat and intercooling pressure ratios for a typical set of operating conditions. It is found that there are optimal values of the turbine outlet temperature, intercooling, reheat and cycle pressure ratios at which the cycle attains the maximum values of the economic function, ecological function power output, efficiency and the minimum entropy generation rate. C1 Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Bldg Serv Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Zhejiang Univ, Inst Refrigerat & Cryogen, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. Madhav Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Gwalior 474005, India. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Tyagi, SK (reprint author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Bldg Serv Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM sudhirtyagi@yahoo.com; beswwang@polyu.edu.hk; gmchen@zju.edu.cn; wangqin@zju.edu.cn; hari_c75@yahoo.co.in; wu@usna.edu RI Wang, Shengwei/C-4533-2008 OI Wang, Shengwei/0000-0002-9684-590X NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1742-8297 J9 INT J EXERGY JI Int. J. Exergy PY 2007 VL 4 IS 1 BP 98 EP 116 DI 10.1504/IJEX.2007.011582 PG 19 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 136TJ UT WOS:000244246700007 ER PT J AU Vasudevan, AK Sadananda, K AF Vasudevan, A. K. Sadananda, K. TI A viewpoint on environmental contributions to fatigue crack growth SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS & PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Delta K; K-max; Unified Damage Approach; UNIGROW model; Environmental Effects; steels; Ti-alloys ID CLOSURE; THRESHOLD AB Fatigue crack growth behaviour is examined using the Unified Damage Approach developed by the authors since 1994. The approach is based on the understanding that a fatigue damage requires two loading parameters; a requirement manifesting in terms of two fracture mechanics parameters: maximum stress intensity factor K-max and a stress amplitude Delta K. K-max governs the breakage of crack tip bonds allowing for crack extension and Delta K controls the extent of cycle damage needed ahead of the crack tip. The overall changes in crack growth depend on several factors like microstructure, deformation mode and its properties and environment. The Unified Damage Approach describes these closely related changes in the damage mechanisms due to synergistic effects of mechanical and environmental driving forces. Crack growth trajectory maps developed using the Unified Damage Approach summarises these changes in mechanisms that occur with increasing crack growth rate or stress intensity. C1 Off Naval Res, Div Sci Mat, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Tech Data Anal Inc, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Vasudevan, AK (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Div Sci Mat, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM vasudea@onr.navy.mil; kuntimaddisada@yahoo.com NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0268-1900 J9 INT J MATER PROD TEC JI Int. J. Mater. Prod. Technol. PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1-3 BP 3 EP 16 DI 10.1504/IJMPT.2007.013105 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 184EE UT WOS:000247623100002 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Forest, MG AF Zhou, Hong Forest, M. Gregory TI Nematic liquids in weak capillary Poiseuille flow: structure scaling laws and effective conductivity implications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND MODELING LA English DT Article DE liquid crystal (nematic) polymers; asymptotic expansions; partial differential equations; capillary Poiseuille flow; conductivity ID MOLECULAR KINETIC-EQUATION; CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION; CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS; RODLIKE POLYMERS; ORIENTATION; TRANSITION; SHEAR; MODEL AB We study the scaling properties of heterogeneities in nematic (liquid crystal) polymers that are generated by pressure-driven, capillary Poiseuille flow. These studies complement our earlier drag-driven structure simulations and analyses. We use the mesoscopic Doi-Marrucci-Greco model, which incorporates excluded-volume interactions of the rod-like particle ensemble, distortional elasticity of the dispersion, and hydrodynamic feedback through orientation dependent viscoelestic stresses. The geometry likewise introduces anchoring conditions on the nano-rods which touch the solid boundaries. We first derive flow-orientation steady-state structures for three different anchoring conditions, by asymptotic analysis in the limit of weak pressure gradient. These closed-form expressions yield scaling laws, which predict how lengthscales of distortions in the flow and orientational distributions vary with strength of the excluded volume potential, molecule geometry, and distortional elasticity constants. Next, the asymptotic structures are verified by direct numerical simulations, which provide a high level benchmark on the numerical code and algorithm. Finally, we calculate the effective (thermal or electrical) conductivity tensor of the composite films, and determine scaling behavior of the effective property enhancements generated by capillary Poiseuille flow. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Math, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Zhou, H (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM hzhou@nps.navy.mil; forest@amath.unc.edu NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU ISCI-INST SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING & INFORMATION PI EDMONTON PA PO BOX 60632, UNIV ALBERTA POSTAL OUTLET,, EDMONTON, ALBERTA T6G 2G1, CANADA SN 1705-5105 J9 INT J NUMER ANAL MOD JI Int. J. Numer. Anal. Model. PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3-4 BP 460 EP 477 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 158RK UT WOS:000245811200010 ER PT J AU Freed, T Doerr, KH Chang, T AF Freed, T. Doerr, K. H. Chang, T. TI In-house development of scheduling decision support systems: case study for scheduling semiconductor device test operations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE scheduling; semiconductor manufacturing; decision support systems; make-or-buy; organisational learning ID DEPENDENT SETUP TIMES; LAGRANGIAN-RELAXATION; SINGLE-MACHINE; TEST FACILITY; IC SORT; SOFTWARE; ALGORITHMS; INDUSTRY; PRODUCT; MODELS AB Most manufacturing processes can benefit from an automated scheduling system. However, the design of a fast, computerised scheduling system that achieves high-quality results and requires minimal resources is a difficult undertaking. Efficient scheduling of a semiconductor device test facility requires an information system that provides good schedules quickly. Semiconductor device testing is the last stage of the long semiconductor manufacturing process, and therefore is subjected to customer service pressures. The cost of an off-the-shelf computerised scheduling system may be prohibitive for many companies. In addition, many companies are taken aback by other characteristics of off-the-shelf scheduling systems, such as code confidentiality, maintenance costs, and failure rates. We draw upon the literature and our field case to discuss some of the trade-offs between in-house development and off-the-shelf acquisition of software. We describe the in-house design and implementation of a scheduling decision support system for one device test facility. Using the design and implementation process of this system as a case study, we discuss how one facility uses in-house design of systems in a strategic way, as a competitive capability. C1 Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Inc, Xilinx, San Jose, CA 95124 USA. RP Freed, T (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. EM tfreed@calpoly.edu OI Doerr, Kenneth/0000-0002-7763-7304 NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7543 J9 INT J PROD RES JI Int. J. Prod. Res. PY 2007 VL 45 IS 21 BP 5075 EP 5093 DI 10.1080/00207540600818351 PG 19 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 216DM UT WOS:000249858300008 ER PT J AU Miller, RW Ning, H Justus, B Huston, A Li, G Chang, J Capala, J Xie, H Citrin, D Camphausen, K AF Miller, R. W. Ning, H. Justus, B. Huston, A. Li, G. Chang, J. Capala, J. Xie, H. Citrin, D. Camphausen, K. TI Use of an optical fiber dosimeter to measure small field output factors in stereotactic radiosurgery SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Therapeutic-Radiology-and-Oncology CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2007 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Amer Soc Therapeut & Oncol C1 [Miller, R. W.; Ning, H.; Li, G.; Chang, J.; Capala, J.; Xie, H.; Citrin, D.; Camphausen, K.] Natl Canc Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. [Justus, B.; Huston, A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 SU S BP S647 EP S648 DI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.1990 PG 2 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 217LU UT WOS:000249950201489 ER PT J AU Weber, H Berger, MT AF Weber, Heloise Berger, Mark T. BE Devetak, R Burke, A George, J TI Global Poverty and Inequality SO INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: AUSTRALIAN PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Weber, Heloise] Univ Queensland, Sch Polit Sci & Int Studies, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Berger, Mark T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA USA. RP Weber, H (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Polit Sci & Int Studies, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-52168-276-3 PY 2007 BP 283 EP 294 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139168557 PG 12 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BXM52 UT WOS:000296382000026 ER PT S AU Trulove, PC Fox, DM Awad, WH Gilman, JW Davis, CD Sutto, TE Maupin, PH De Long, HC AF Trulove, Paul C. Fox, Douglas M. Awad, Walid H. Gilman, Jeffrey W. Davis, Cher D. Sutto, Thomas E. Maupin, Paul H. De Long, Hugh C. BE Brennecke, JF Rogers, RD Seddon, KR TI The Application of Trialkyl-Imidazolium Ionic Liquids and Salts for the Preparation of Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites SO IONIC LIQUIDS IV: NOT JUST SOLVENTS ANYMORE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ionic Liquids IV - Not Just Solvents Anymore held at the 231st ACS National Meeting CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; MONTMORILLONITE; STABILITY; FLAMMABILITY AB Increasing the thermal stability of organically modified layered silicates (clays) is essential for the application of polymer-clay nanocomposites on the industrial scale. Trialkyl-imidazolium ionic liquids and salts were investigated as more thermally stable alternatives to the current alkyl ammonium clay treatments. Imidazolium treated montmorillonite clays were prepared by ion exchange and their thermal stabilities and structural properties evaluated. Tri-imidazolium treated clays were also melt blended with polystyrene (PS) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) to form nanocomposites. Results showed that the imidazolium treated clays have significantly higher thermal stabilities than current clay treatments, and they exhibit excellent compatibility with PS and PET. C1 [Trulove, Paul C.; Fox, Douglas M.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Trulove, PC (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7445-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2007 VL 975 BP 220 EP 233 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BMC77 UT WOS:000271861300016 ER PT B AU Long, X Dutta, I Guduru, R Prasanna, R Pacheco, M AF Long, X. Dutta, I. Guduru, R. Prasanna, R. Pacheco, M. GP ASME TI A highly accelerated thermal cycling (HATC) test for solder joint reliability assessment in BGA packages SO IPACK 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERPACK CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME InterPACK Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASME, Elect & Photon Packaging Div ID LEAD-FREE SOLDER AB A thermo-mechanical loading system, which can superimpose a temperature and location dependent strain on solder joints, is proposed in order to conduct highly accelerated thermal-mechanical cycling (HATC) tests to assess thermal fatigue reliability of Ball Grid Array (BGA) solder joints in microelectronics packages. The application of this temperature and position dependent strain produces generally similar loading modes (shear and tension) encountered by BGA solder joints during service, but substantially enhances the inelastic strain accumulated during thermal cycling over the same temperature range as conventional ATC (accelerated thermal cycling) tests, thereby leading to a substantial acceleration of low-cycle fatigue damage. Finite element analysis was conducted to aid the design of experimental apparatus and to predict the fatigue life of solder joints in HATC testing. Detailed analysis of the loading locations required to produce failure at the appropriate joint (next to the die-edge ball) under the appropriate tension/shear stress partition are presented. The simulations showed that the proposed HATC test constitutes a valid methodology for further accelerating conventional ATC tests. An experimental apparatus, capable of applying the requisite loads to a BGA package was constructed, and experiments were conducted under both HATC and ATC conditions. It is shown that HATC proffers much reduced cycling times compared to ATC. C1 [Long, X.; Dutta, I.; Guduru, R.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Long, X (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI GUDURU, RAMESH KUMAR/N-8541-2016 OI GUDURU, RAMESH KUMAR/0000-0002-9570-4208 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4277-5 PY 2007 BP 539 EP 546 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHL59 UT WOS:000254115600071 ER PT B AU Chen, T Dutta, I Jadhav, S AF Chen, T. Dutta, I. Jadhav, S. GP ASME TI Effect of Ag and Cu concentrations on creep of Sn-based solders SO IPACK 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERPACK CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME InterPACK Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASME, Elect & Photon Packaging Div ID TIN SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LEAD-FREE SOLDER; IMPRESSION CREEP; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; ALLOY; DIFFUSION; MICROSTRUCTURE; TESTS; BALLS AB The creep behavior of Sn1Ag0.5Cu, Sn2.5Ag1Cu and Sn4Ag0.5Cu ball grid array (BGA) solder balls and 99.99% pure polycrystalline Sn bulk was studied using impression creep. The microstructures of the as-reflowed solders was characterized. It was found that SnAgCu solders consist of primary dendrites/grains of beta-Sn, and a eutectic microconstituent comprising fine Ag3Sn and Cu6Sn5 particles in P. With increasing concentrations of Ag and Cu in the alloy, the proportion of the eutectic microconstituent in relation to the primary P phase increases. In pure Sn and Sn-1Ag-0.5Cu, the beta grains form the continuous matrix, whereas in Sn2.5Ag1Cu and Sn4Ag0.5Cu, the eutectic microconstituent forms a continuous network around the P grains, which form isolated islands within the eutectic. The steady state creep behavior of the alloys was dominated by the response of the continuous microstructural constituent (beta-Sn or solid solution P for pure Sn and Sn1Ag0.5Cu, and the eutectic microconstituent for Sn2.5Ag0.5Cu and Sn4Ag0.5Cu). In general, the steady-state creep rate decreased with increased alloy content, and in particular, the volume fraction of Ag3Sn and Cu6Sn5 precipitates. The rate-limiting creep mechanism in all the materials investigated here was core diffusion controlled dislocation climb. However, subtle changes in the stress exponent n and activation energy Q were observed. Pure Sn shows n=5, Q=42kJ/mole, Sn1Ag0.5Cu shows n=5, Q=61kJ/mole, whereas both Sn2.5Ag1Cu and Sn4Ag0.5Cu show n=6 and Q=61kJ/mole. Rationalizations for the observed changes of n and Q are provided, based on the influence of the microstructure and the solute concentrations. C1 [Chen, T.; Dutta, I.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chen, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4278-2 PY 2007 BP 399 EP 405 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM79 UT WOS:000254379900047 ER PT B AU Underhill, DG McDowell, LK Marchette, DJ Solka, JL AF Underhill, David G. McDowell, Luke K. Marchette, David J. Solka, Jeffrey L. BE Chang, W Joshi, JBD TI Enhancing text analysis via dimensionality reduction SO IRI 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION REUSE AND INTEGRATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration (IRI-2007) CY AUG 13-15, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE, SMC Soc AB Many applications require analyzing vast amounts of textual data, but the size and inherent noise of such data can. make processing very challenging. One approach to these issues is to mathematically reduce the data so as to represent each document using only a few dimensions. Techniques for performing such "dimensionality reduction" (DR) have been well-studied for geometric and numerical data, but more rarely applied to text. In this paper, we examine the impact of five DR techniques on the accuracy of two supervised classifiers on three textual sources. This task mirrors important real world problems, such as classifying web pages or scientific articles. In addition, the accuracy serves as a proxy measure for how well each DR technique preserves the inter-document relationships while vastly reducing the size of the data, facilitating more sophisticated analysis. We show that, for a fixed number of dimensions, DR can. be very successful at improving accuracy compared to using the original words as features. Surprisingly, we also find that one of the simplest DR techniques, MDS, is among the most effective. This suggests that textual data may often lie upon a linear manifold where the more complex non-linear DR techniques do not have an advantage. C1 [Underhill, David G.; McDowell, Luke K.] USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Marchette, David J.; Solka, Jeffrey L.] NSWCDD, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Underhill, DG (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM david.g.underhill@gmail.com; lmcdowel@usna.edu; david.marchette@navy.mil; jeffrey.solka@navy.mil FU USNA Trident Scholar and ONR In-house Laboratory Independent Research Programs FX Thanks to the USNA Trident Scholar and ONR In-house Laboratory Independent Research Programs for supporting this work, and to Eric Hardisty and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1499-4 PY 2007 BP 348 EP + DI 10.1109/IRI.2007.4296645 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BGU19 UT WOS:000250559700058 ER PT B AU Brown, CW Davenport, JH AF Brown, Christopher W. Davenport, James H. BE Brown, CW TI The Complexity of Quantifier Elimination and Cylindrical Algebraic Decomposition SO ISSAC 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SYMBOLIC AND ALGEBRAIC COMPUTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2007 CL Waterloo, CANADA SP SIGSAM, Symbol Computat Grp, FIELDS, Maplesoft, MITACS, Univ Waterloo DE cylindrical algebraic decomposition; quantifier elimination ID CLOSED FIELDS; POLYNOMIALS; GEOMETRY AB This paper has two parts. In the first part we give a simple and constructive proof that quantifier elimination in real algebra is doubly exponential, even when there is only one free variable and all polynomials in the quantified input are linear. The general result is not new, but we hope the simple and explicit nature of the proof makes it interesting. The second part of the paper uses the construction of the first part to prove some results on the effects of projection order on CAD construction - roughly that there are CAD construction problems for which one order produces a constant number of cells and another produces a doubly exponential number of cells, and that there are problems for which all orders produce a doubly exponential number of cells. The second of these results implies that there is a true singly vs. doubly exponential gap between the worst-case running times of several modern quantifier elimination algorithms and CAD-based quantifier elimination when the number of quantifier alternations is constant. C1 [Brown, Christopher W.] USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brown, CW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Stop 9F, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM wcbrown@usna.edu; J.H.Davenport@bath.ac.uk; wcbrown@usna.edu OI Davenport, James/0000-0002-3982-7545 NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-743-8 PY 2007 BP 54 EP 60 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BJH67 UT WOS:000265926900008 ER PT J AU Stander, VA Merrill, LL Thomsen, CJ Milner, JS AF Stander, Valerie A. Merrill, Lex L. Thomsen, Cynthia J. Milner, Joel S. TI Posttraumatic stress symptoms in Navy personnel: Prevalence rates among recruits in basic training SO JOURNAL OF ANXIETY DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Posttraumatic stress; military; recruits ID DISORDER; TRAUMA; EXPOSURE; HEALTH; MILITARY; SAMPLE; VICTIMIZATION; METAANALYSIS; PREMILITARY; ATTRITION AB Individuals in the military are often required to endure high levels of stress as a result of demanding operational requirements or deployments. Individuals who enter the military with pre-existing mental health problems such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are likely to be at heightened risk of adverse reactions to military stressors. The present study documents the prevalence of PTSD symptoms among new Navy recruits and compares the prevalence of PTSD symptomology among recruits to prevalence rates that have been reported for comparable civilian populations. Results suggest that 15 percent of new Navy recruits are experiencing measurable symptoms of posttraumatic stress. Prevalence of these symptoms among Navy recruits is comparable to that among civilian adolescent and young adult populations. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. No Illinois Univ, Ctr Study Family Violence & Sexual Assault, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Stander, VA (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM stander@nhrc.navy.mil NR 37 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-6185 J9 J ANXIETY DISORD JI J. Anxiety Disord. PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP 860 EP 870 DI 10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.12.001 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 202GP UT WOS:000248890300007 PM 17292582 ER PT J AU Liu, JL Lowy, DA Baumann, RG Tender, LM AF Liu, J. L. Lowy, D. A. Baumann, R. G. Tender, L. M. TI Influence of anode pretreatment on its microbial colonization SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 16S rRNA; anode pretreatment; biofilm; biofuel cell; marine sediment; microbial colonization; phylotypes ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACE; FUEL-CELL; HARVESTING ENERGY; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; PCR; ELECTRICITY; SEQUENCER; GENES; POWER AB Aims: To assess the influence of chemical treatment of the anode of a marine sediment biofuel cell (MSBFC) on the microbial diversity of the anode biofilm. Methods and Results: A MSBFC was equipped with two graphite plate anodes, one pretreated by electrochemical oxidation in sulfuric acid and the other untreated. After 6 weeks of operation, 16S rRNA clone libraries were constructed from each anode biofilm. The pretreated anode exhibited a fourfold depletion in gamma-proteobacteria, a fourfold enrichment in delta-proteobacteria, a sixfold increase in sulfate reducers, a fivefold enrichment in unclassified micro-organisms, and 6% of the colonies were sulfur oxidizers while none were detected on the untreated anode. Conclusion: Anode pretreatment significantly affects the anode-colonized microbial communities of MSBFCs. Significance and Impact of the Study: The MSBFC is one of a new class of microbial fuel cells in which the anode is spontaneously colonized by a subset of micro-organisms indigenous to a complex anaerobic mixture (such as sewage and food processing effluents). These micro-organisms utilize the anode as an oxidant, catalysing power generation by oxidizing fuel in the mixture and reducing the anode. This study reveals that pretreatment of the anode can greatly affect the composition of the microbial colony of such fuel cells. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Tender, LM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Mailstop 9B,572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ltender@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil OI Lowy, Daniel/0000-0003-2210-6757 NR 22 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 102 IS 1 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03051.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 116VY UT WOS:000242832900020 PM 17184333 ER PT J AU Judge, JA Photiadis, DM Vignola, JF Houston, BH Jarzynski, J AF Judge, John A. Photiadis, Douglas M. Vignola, Joseph F. Houston, Brian H. Jarzynski, Jacek TI Attachment loss of micromechanical and nanomechanical resonators in the limits of thick and thin support structures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL SILICON CANTILEVERS; QUARTZ OSCILLATOR; QUALITY FACTORS; LOSS MECHANISMS; MASS DETECTION; GAS-PRESSURE; DEPENDENCE; PLATE; DISSIPATION; MEMS AB Analytical expressions are provided for the energy loss from vibrating mechanical resonators into their support structures for two limiting cases: supports that can be treated as plates, and supports that act as semi-infinite elastic media, with effectively infinite thickness. The former case is applicable to many microscale resonators, while the latter is appropriate for nanoscale devices. General formulations are given, applicable to a wide range of resonator geometries. These formulations are then applied to two geometries commonly used in microelectromechanical systems and nanelectromechanical systems applications: cantilevered beams and doubly fixed beams. Experimental data are presented to validate the finite-thickness support theory, and the predictions of the theory are also compared to data from existing literature for a microscale rectangular paddle oscillator. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Mech Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Mech Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Judge, JA (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Mech Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM judge@cua.edu RI Judge, John/D-1429-2015 NR 36 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 1 AR 013521 DI 10.1063/1.2401271 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 127KR UT WOS:000243585200041 ER PT J AU Krichevsky, A Smith, MJ Whitman, LJ Johnson, MB Clinton, TW Perry, LL Applegate, BM O'Connor, K Csonka, LN AF Krichevsky, A. Smith, M. J. Whitman, L. J. Johnson, M. B. Clinton, T. W. Perry, L. L. Applegate, B. M. O'Connor, K. Csonka, L. N. TI Trapping motile magnetotactic bacteria with a magnetic recording head SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; MICROELECTROMAGNETS; MICROMANIPULATION; NANOPARTICLES; MANIPULATION; CELLS; TIME AB We report reliable, reversible trapping of live magnetotactic bacteria, Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1, using a commercial magnetic recording head. The magnetic recording head was modified to generate spatially localized magnetic fields of high magnitude and gradient, and effectively trapped AMB-1, which have a magnetic moment per cell one order of magnitude smaller than cells previously trapped using Amperian fields. We also describe selective trapping of magnetic wild-type AMB-1 with discrimination against a nonmagnetic mutant strain of the same bacteria. Finally, we discuss the prospects of using the built-in spin valve sensor on a recording head for integrated detection of trapped bacteria. Using the chip-based methods we describe, it may be possible to capture, sort, and count magnetic bacteria quickly from samples taken directly from their natural aquatic habitat. More generally, the method may be applicable to the manipulation, spatial control, and integrated detection of magnetically labeled cells and magnetic nanoparticles. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Seagate Res, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Johnson, MB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mjbooj@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 1 AR 014701 DI 10.1063/1.2405730 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 127KR UT WOS:000243585200118 ER PT J AU Gao, BC Li, RR Xiong, XX AF Gao, Bo-Cai Li, Rong-Rong Xiong, Xiaoxiong TI Possible enhancement to specifications of several Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer visible and near-IR channels SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; MODIS; imaging; clouds; land; ocean color ID WATER-VAPOR; MODIS; AEROSOL; IMAGER; CLOUD; EARTH AB The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments onboard the NASA Terra and Aqua Spacecrafts have provided unprecedented capabilities in global observations of land, ocean, and atmosphere. In this paper, we report that, under certain atmospheric and surface conditions, several MODIS channels in the visible and near-IR spectral regions can saturate. The radiance dynamic ranges of similar channels for future satellite earth observing instruments should be increased. Instrument designers and MODIS data users should be aware of the saturation problems associated with these MODIS channels. C1 [Gao, Bo-Cai; Li, Rong-Rong] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7232, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gao@nrl.navy.mil; Xiaoxiong.Xiong-1@nasa.gov FU NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; U.S. Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank K.-F. Chiang of MODIS Characterization Support Team with Science Systems and Applications, Inc., for help during data analysis. This research was supported by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center under the MODIS Project and the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 1 AR 013504 DI 10.1117/1.2712473 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 372PU UT WOS:000260914300046 ER PT J AU Gao, BC Xiong, XX Li, RR Wang, DY AF Gao, Bo-Cai Xiong, Xiaoxiong Li, Rong-Rong Wang, Ding-Yi TI Evaluation of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer special 3.95-mu m fire channel and implications on fire channel selections for future satellite instruments SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE MODIS; satellite instrument; fire channel ID BOREAL FOREST-FIRES; MODIS; ALGORITHM; IDENTIFICATION; PRODUCTS; SYSTEM; AVHRR; EARTH AB The 3.75-mu m and 11-mu m channels on the polar orbiting NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensors have saturation temperatures of approximately 325 K. They allowed limited successes in estimating the sub-pixel fire temperature and fractional area coverage. The saturation problem associated with the 3.75-mu m AVHRR channel greatly limited the ability for such estimates. In order to overcome this problem, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments on the NASA Terra and Aqua spacecrafts have both been equipped with a special fire channel centered at 3.95 mu m with a specified saturation temperature of 500 K and a spatial resolution of 1 km. We have analyzed more than 40 sets of Terra and Aqua MODIS fire data acquired over different geographical regions, and found that very few fire pixels have the 3.95-mu m fire channel brightness temperatures greater than 450 K. We suggest that the saturation temperature of fire channels near 4 mu m for future satellite instruments with pixel sizes of about 1 km should be specified at about 450 K or even slightly lower in order to make the channels more useful for quantitative remote sensing of fires. A dual gain approach should also be considered for future satellite fire channels. C1 [Gao, Bo-Cai; Li, Rong-Rong] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wang, Ding-Yi] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Phys, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7232, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gao@nrl.navy.mil; Xiaoxiong.Xiong-1@nasa.gov; dwang@unb.ca FU NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This research was supported by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center under the MODIS Project and the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 1 AR 013516 DI 10.1117/1.2757715 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 372PU UT WOS:000260914300034 ER PT J AU Lee, Z Casey, B Arnone, R Weidemann, A Parsons, R Montes, MJ Gao, BC Goode, W Davis, CO Dye, J AF Lee, ZhongPing Casey, Brandon Arnone, Robert Weidemann, Alan Parsons, Rost Montes, Marcos J. Gao, Bo-Cai Goode, Wesley Davis, Curtiss O. Dye, Julie TI Water and bottom properties of a coastal environment derived from Hyperion data measured from the EO-1 spacecraft platform SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE aquatic environment; satellite; remote sensing; bathymetry; LIDAR ID ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SHALLOW WATERS; OCEAN COLOR; REFLECTANCE; CLOUD; MODEL; SPECTROMETER; RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM AB Hyperion is a hyperspectral sensor on board NASA's EO-1 satellite with a spatial resolution of approximately 30 m and a swath width of about 7 km. It was originally designed for land applications, but its unique spectral configuration (430 nm - 2400 nm with a similar to 10 nm spectral resolution) and high spatial resolution make it attractive for studying complex coastal ecosystems, which require such a sensor for accurate retrieval of environmental properties. In this paper, Hyperion data over an area of the Florida Keys is used to develop and test algorithms for atmospheric correction and for retrieval of subsurface properties. Remote-sensing reflectance derived from Hyperion data is compared with those from in situ measurements. Furthermore, water's absorption coefficients and bathymetry derived from Hyperion imagery are compared with sample measurements and LIDAR survey, respectively. For a depth range of similar to 1 - 25 m, the Hyperion bathymetry match LIDAR data very well (similar to 11% average error); while the absorption coefficients differ by similar to 16.5% (in a range of 0.04 - 0.7 m(-1) for wavelengths of 410, 440, 490, 510, and 530 nm) on average. More importantly, in this top-to-bottom processing of Hyperion imagery, there is no use of any a priori or ground truth information. The results demonstrate the usefulness of such space-borne hyperspectral data and the techniques developed for effective and repetitive observation of complex coastal regions. C1 [Lee, ZhongPing; Arnone, Robert; Weidemann, Alan; Goode, Wesley] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Casey, Brandon] Planning Syst Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Parsons, Rost] NCDDC, NESDIS, NOAA, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Montes, Marcos J.; Gao, Bo-Cai] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Davis, Curtiss O.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dye, Julie] NAVOCEANO, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lee, Z (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM zplee@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 FU NASA; NRL [NRL 73-6734] FX Support for this study was provided by NASA through the "Evaluation of EO-1 Hyperion and ALI data for coastal waters" project and NRL through the "Lidar and Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Littoral Environment (NRL 73-6734)" project. We also thank Todd Taylor at SAIC in helping EO-1 data acquisition and NOAA for the collection and archive of the EO-1 data. Comments and suggestions from two anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledged. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 1 AR 011502 DI 10.1117/1.2822610 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 372PU UT WOS:000260914300062 ER PT J AU Szekielda, KH Marmorino, GO Maness, SJ Donato, T Bowles, JH Miller, WD Rhea, WJ AF Szekielda, Karl H. Marmorino, George O. Maness, Shelia J. Donato, Timothy Bowles, Jeffrey H. Miller, W. David Rhea, W. Joseph TI Airborne hyperspectral imaging of cyanobacteria accumulations in the Potomac River SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral imaging; algae blooms; Langmuir circulation; Potomac River; cyanobacteria ID LANGMUIR CIRCULATION; FLOATING PARTICLES; BLOOMS; DISPERSION; CHLOROPHYLL; PHYCOCYANIN; OCEAN; WATER AB High-resolution spectroscopy using the Portable Hyperspectral Imager for LowLight Spectroscopy (PHILLS) was applied to the problem of detecting potentially harmful algae blooms in the coastal environment. Data were collected on two aircraft passes, 30-min apart, over the tidally influenced part of the Potomac River. Use of two wavelengths, 0.676 and 0.700 mu m, permitted the detection of surface algae accumulations while avoiding the need for atmospheric corrections, which are problematic in Case-2 water. The analysis identified algal accumulations derived from frontal processes, and narrow, linearly coherent streaks, derived from Langmuir circulation. The streaks increased markedly in number between the two passes and formed a two-dimensional pattern across the river, consistent with the advection time of surface material into windrows. The effect of wind on the patches is primarily a local reorganization of the algal material into new streaks. Spectra from within the streaks compared to those from ambient water showed absorption characteristics consistent with the presence of cyanobacteria. This interpretation is reinforced by available in-situ data. This study illustrates the value of high spectral and temporal resolutions in observing the spatial distribution of the algae, in identifying dominant functional groups, and in understanding the response of the algae to physical forcing. C1 [Szekielda, Karl H.] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Geog, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Marmorino, George O.; Maness, Shelia J.; Donato, Timothy; Bowles, Jeffrey H.; Miller, W. David; Rhea, W. Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Szekielda, KH (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Geog, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM Szekielda@aol.com; George.Marmorino@nrl.navy.mil; Jeffrey.Bowles@nrl.navy.mil; Dave.Miller@nrl.navy.mil; rhea@nrl.navy.mil OI Miller, W. David/0000-0002-4940-5987 FU Naval Research Laboratory/American Society; National Research Council Research Associateship Awards; Office of Naval Research FX K. H. Szekielda is grateful for the support by the Naval Research Laboratory/American Society for Engineering Education Summer Faculty Program. S. J. Maness and W. D. Miller held National Research Council Research Associateship Awards when this study was conducted. This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research. We would like to acknowledge the ground observations provided by G. Lamela (NRL). We also appreciate the comments of an anonymous reviewer for constructive comment that lead to an improvement of this paper. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 1 AR 013544 DI 10.1117/1.2813574 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 372PU UT WOS:000260914300006 ER PT J AU Sechriest, VF Kyle, RF Marek, DJ Spates, JD Saleh, KJ Kuskowski, M AF Sechriest, V. Franklin, II Kyle, Richard F. Marek, Daniel J. Spates, Jesse D. Saleh, Khaled J. Kuskowski, Michael TI Activity level in young patients with primary total hip arthroplasty - A 5-year minimum follow-up SO JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY LA English DT Article DE THA; young patient; activity level; pedometer ID LOW-FRICTION ARTHROPLASTY; 50 YEARS OLD; POLYETHYLENE WEAR; PATIENTS LESS; FEMORAL-HEAD; ACETABULAR COMPONENTS; JOINT REPLACEMENT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; WALKING ACTIVITY; STEP ACTIVITY AB Increased activity level after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is considered a risk factor for early prosthetic failure in young patients. Forty-one primary total hip arthroplasties in 34 patients were evaluated. Walking activity was measured using a pedometer to record gait cycles. Patients completed a University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) activity questionnaire. Linear wear rates were measured. Mean ages at surgery and final follow-up were 42 and 50.3 years, respectively (mean gait cycles per year, 1.2 million; mean UCLA score, 6; mean linear wear, 0.16 mm/y). Increased body mass index and age correlated with decreased gait cycles per year. Patients with systemic disease were less active than patients with localized hip conditions. Femoral head diameter was a predictor of linear wear. The average gait cycles per year and wear rate for this population do not appear accelerated relative to average values reported in older populations. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Minneapolis, MN USA. Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Minneapolis VA Med Ctr, Minneapolis Geriatr Res Educ & Clin Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Sechriest, VF (reprint author), USN, Navy Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. OI Saleh, Khaled/0000-0002-7734-1933 NR 45 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE INC MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PI PHILADELPHIA PA CURTIS CENTER, INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0883-5403 J9 J ARTHROPLASTY JI J. Arthroplast. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.arth.2006.02.083 PG 9 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 142MT UT WOS:000244654700007 PM 17197307 ER PT J AU Susumu, K Uyeda, HT Medintz, IL Mattoussi, H AF Susumu, Kimihiro Uyeda, H. Tetsuo Medintz, Igor L. Mattoussi, Hedi TI Design of biotin-functionalized luminescent quantum dots SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; NANOCRYSTALS; CDSE; FLUOROPHORES; PROTEIN; DONORS; LINKER AB We report the design and synthesis of a tetraethylene glycol-(TEG-) based bidentate ligand functionalized with dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) and biotin (DHLA-TEG-biotin) to promote biocompatibility of luminescent quantum dots (QD's). This new ligand readily binds to CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs via surface ligand exchange. QDs capped with a mixture of DHLA and DHLA-TEG biotin or polyethylene glycol-(PEG-) (molecular weight average similar to 600) modified DHLA (DHLA-PEG600) and DHLA-TEG biotin are easily dispersed in aqueous bu. er solutions. In particular, homogeneous bu. er solutions of QDs capped with a mixture of DHLA-PEG600 and DHLA-TEG-biotin that are stable over broad pH range have been prepared. QDs coated with mixtures of DHLA/DHLA-TEG-biotin and with DHLA-PEG600/DHLA-TEG-biotin were tested in surface binding assays and the results indicate that biotin groups on the QD surface interact specifically with NeutrAvidin-functionalized microtiter well plates. Copyright (C) 2007 Kimihiro Susumu et al. C1 [Susumu, Kimihiro; Uyeda, H. Tetsuo; Mattoussi, Hedi] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Uyeda, H. Tetsuo] Promega Biosci Inc, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 USA. [Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hedimat@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 14 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1110-7243 J9 J BIOMED BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biomed. Biotechnol. PY 2007 AR 90651 DI 10.1155/2007/90651 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 299LQ UT WOS:000255757500001 ER PT J AU Mastro, MA Bassim, ND Freitas, JA Twigg, ME Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK Henry, RL Holm, RT Kim, J Neudeck, PC Trunek, AJ Powell, JA AF Mastro, M. A. Bassim, N. D. Freitas, J. A., Jr. Twigg, M. E. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Gaskill, D. K. Henry, R. L. Holm, R. T. Kim, J. Neudeck, P. C. Trunek, A. J. Powell, J. A. TI Evolution of strain throughout gallium nitride deposited on silicon carbide SO JOURNAL OF CERAMIC PROCESSING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE gallium nitride; silicon carbide; strain; growth ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; THIN-FILMS; INTRINSIC STRESSES; RESIDUAL-STRESS; GAN LAYERS; GROWTH; SURFACES; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; PERFORMANCE AB During GaN growth on an on-axis SiC substrate, a large density of dislocations (similar to 10(9) cm(-2)) is unavoidably generated by the GaN/SiC misfit, uncontrolled misorientation in the substrate and defects present at the surface of the substrate. Recently a unique SiC substrate was developed with step-free and stepped mesas as well as continuous surface areas similar to a standard wafer all in close proximity. It is now possible to isolate the influence of defects and steps on the deposition of GaN on SiC. This paper provides a link between the dislocation environment and the strain state in the GaN film as well as the change of this strain with increasing thickness. C1 [Mastro, M. A.; Bassim, N. D.; Freitas, J. A., Jr.; Twigg, M. E.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. K.; Henry, R. L.; Holm, R. T.] USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, J.] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Neudeck, P. C.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Trunek, A. J.] OAI, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Powell, J. A.] Sest Inc, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jhkim@prosys.korea.ac.kr RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KOREAN ASSOC CRYSTAL GROWTH, INC PI SEOUL PA SUNGDONG POST OFFICE, P O BOX 27, SEOUL 133-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1229-9162 J9 J CERAM PROCESS RES JI J. Ceram. Process. Res. PY 2007 VL 8 IS 5 BP 331 EP 335 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 248LH UT WOS:000252154300006 ER PT J AU Cavallaro, PV Sadegh, AM Quigley, CJ AF Cavallaro, Paul V. Sadegh, Ali M. Quigley, Claudia J. TI Contributions of Strain Energy and PV-work on the Bending Behavior of Uncoated Plain-woven Fabric Air Beams SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERED FIBERS AND FABRICS LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; COMPOSITES; WEAVE; MECHANICS; MODEL AB The bending performance of fabric air beams varies significantly from conventional beams. Both are dependent upon the constitutive relations of the material, but air beams are further dependent upon the thermodynamics of the internal air. As the governing energy balance demonstrates, air beam bending is dependent upon strain energy and PV-work (air compressibility). The relative importance of these terms will vary with pressure, volume changes and shear deformations. To this point, a swatch of uncoated plain-woven fabric was subjected to mechanical tests and its material properties determined. Attempts at using the stress-strain measurements in air beam models, assumed constructed with the same fabric, were made. The models accounted for fluid-structure interactions between the air and fabric. Homogenization methods were used and were necessary to provide computational efficiencies for the macro-scale air beam model while attempts were made to incorporate the combined extension and shear behaviors observed during the material tests. Bending behavior was numerically investigated for several constitutive cases. The models were solved with the ABAQUS-Explicit program over a range of pressures. The fabric strain energy and PV-work were tracked and compared. It was concluded that strain energy and PV-work must be considered in deflection analyses of uncoated plain-woven fabric air beams. C1 [Sadegh, Ali M.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Cavallaro, Paul V.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Quigley, Claudia J.] USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Sadegh, AM (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, Convent Ave & 140th St, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM sadegh@ccny.cuny.edu NR 34 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDA PI CARY PA PO BOX 1288, CARY, NC 27512-1288 USA SN 1558-9250 J9 J ENG FIBER FABR JI J. Eng. Fiber Fabr. PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1 BP 16 EP 30 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 362SC UT WOS:000260216400002 ER PT J AU Palmer, DR Fernandez, S Bisbing, J Peachman, KK Rao, M Barvir, D Gunther, V Burgess, T Kohno, Y Padmanabhan, R Sun, W AF Palmer, Dupeh R. Fernandez, Stefan Bisbing, John Peachman, Kristina K. Rao, Mangala Barvir, Dave Gunther, Vicky Burgess, Timothy Kohno, Yukari Padmanabhan, R. Sun, Wellington TI Restricted replication and lysosomal trafficking of yellow fever 17D vaccine virus in human dendritic cells SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; DENGUE VIRUS; DC-SIGN; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; INFECTION; IMMUNIZATION; FLAVIVIRUS; MECHANISM; TRANS; NS1 AB The yellow fever virus attenuated 17D vaccine strain is a safe and effective vaccine and a valuable model system for evaluating immune responses against attenuated viral variants. This study compared the in vitro interactions of the commercially available yellow fever vaccine (YF-VAX), Dengue virus and the live-attenuated dengue vaccine PDK50 with dendritic cells (DCs), the main antigen-presenting cells at the initiation of immune responses. Similar to PDK50, infection with YF-VAX generated activated DCs; however, for YF-VAX, activation occurred with limited intracellular virus replication. The majority of internalized virus co-localized with endolysosomal markers within 90 min, suggesting that YF-VAX is processed rapidly in DCs. These results indicate that restricted virus replication and lysosomal compartmentalization may be important contributing factors to the success of the YF-VAX vaccine. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Inst Med Res, Infect Dis Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Washington, DC USA. RP Palmer, DR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM dupeh.palmer@na.amedd.army.mil NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 88 BP 148 EP 156 DI 10.1099/vir.0.82272-0 PN 1 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 124EN UT WOS:000243350400018 PM 17170447 ER PT J AU Baumslag, G Fine, B Gaglione, AM Spellman, D AF Baumslag, Gilbert Fine, Benjamin Gaglione, Anthony M. Spellman, Dennis TI Reflections on discriminating groups SO JOURNAL OF GROUP THEORY LA English DT Article AB Here we continue the study of discriminating groups as introduced by Baumslag, Myasnikov and Remeslennikov in [7]. First we give examples of finitely generated groups which are discriminating but not trivially discriminating, in the sense that they do not embed their direct squares, and then we show how to generalize these examples. In the opposite direction we show that if F is a non-abelian free group and R is a normal subgroup of F such that F/R is torsion-free, then F/R' is non-discriminating. C1 CUNY City Coll, Dept Math, New York, NY 10031 USA. Fairfield Univ, Dept Math, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA. USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Baumslag, G (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Math, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM amg@usna.edu NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-5883 J9 J GROUP THEORY JI J. Group Theory PY 2007 VL 10 IS 1 BP 87 EP 99 DI 10.1515/JGT.2007.008 PG 13 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 132ZT UT WOS:000243982100008 ER PT J AU Thienel, JK Sanner, RM AF Thienel, Julie K. Sanner, Robert M. TI Hubble Space Telescope angular velocity estimation during the robotic servicing mission SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP AIAA ID OBSERVER AB In 2004 NASA began investigation of a robotic servicing mission for the Hubble Space Telescope. Such a mission would require estimates of the Hubble Space Telescope attitude and rates to achieve a capture by the proposed Hubble Robotic Vehicle. The Hubble Robotic Vehicle was to be equipped with vision-based sensors, capable of estimating the relative attitude between the Hubble Space Telescope and the Hubble Robotic Vehicle. The inertial Hubble Space Telescope attitude is derived from the measured relative attitude and the Hubble Robotic Vehicle computed inertial attitude. However, the relative rate between the Hubble Space Telescope and Hubble Robotic Vehicle cannot be measured directly. Therefore, the Hubble Space Telescope rate with respect to inertial space is not known. A nonlinear approach is developed to estimate the Hubble Space Telescope rates through an estimation of the inertial angular momentum. The development includes an analysis of the estimator stability given errors in the measured attitude. Simulation test results are given, including scenarios with erroneous measured attitudes. Even though the development began as an application for the Hubble Space Telescope robotic servicing mission, the method presented is applicable to any rendezvous-capture mission involving a noncooperative target spacecraft. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Thienel, JK (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM thienel@usna.edu; rmsanner@eng.umd.edu NR 14 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.2514/1.20591 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 133PU UT WOS:000244025600002 ER PT J AU Bar-Itzhack, IY Thienel, JK AF Bar-Itzhack, Itzhack Y. Thienel, Julie K. TI Rigid body rate inference from attitude variation SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Flight Dynam Anal Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bar-Itzhack, IY (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM richard.r.harman@nasa.gov; thienel@usna.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 275 EP 281 DI 10.2514/1.23955 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 133PU UT WOS:000244025600030 ER PT J AU Damavarapu, R Surapaneni, R Duddu, R Farhor, F Dave, P Parrish, D AF Damavarapu, Reddy Surapaneni, Rao Duddu, Raja Farhor, Farhad Dave, Paritosh Parrish, Damon TI Synthesis of nitropyrazolidines SO JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID 1,3,3-TRINITROAZETIDINE; NITROLYSIS; DIAMIDES AB Synthesis of 1, 2-diacetyl-4, 4-dinitropyrazolidine I and results of further nitration of the 1,2-diacetyl4,4-dinitropyrazolidiiie are described. C1 USA, ARDEC, Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. SAIC, ARDEC, Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Damavarapu, R (reprint author), USA, ARDEC, Bldg 3028 Picatinny, Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM rdamava@pica.army.mil NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU HETERO CORPORATION PI PROVO PA PO BOX 170, PROVO, UT 84603-0170 USA SN 0022-152X J9 J HETEROCYCLIC CHEM JI J. Heterocycl. Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 241 EP 244 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 134YH UT WOS:000244120000041 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN del Rio, JA Cortes, HD Smith, C Smith, A Wagner, C Leydesdorff, L Karypis, G Malpohl, G Tshiteya, R AF Kostoff, Ronald N. del Rio, J. Antonio Cortes, Hector D. Smith, Charles Smith, Andrew Wagner, Caroline Leydesdorff, Loet Karypis, George Malpohl, Guido Tshiteya, Rene TI Clustering methodologies for identifying country core competencies SO JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Mexico; science and technology; bibliometrics; computational linguistics; core competencies; research evaluation; factor analysis; concept clustering; document clustering; data compression; network analysis; Leximancer; CLUTO; greedy string tiling ID DATABASE TOMOGRAPHY; TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE; BIBLIOMETRICS; TECHNOLOGY; WORDS; PROGRAMS; ROADMAPS; TRENDS AB The technical structure of the Mexican science and technology literature was determined. A representative database of technical articles was extracted from the Science Citation Index for the year 2002, with each article containing at least one author with a Mexican address. Many different manual and statistical clustering methods were used to identify the structure of the technical literature (especially the science and technology core competencies), and to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each technique. Each method is summarized, and its results presented. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest & Energia, Temixco, Morelos, Mexico. Booz Allen Hamilton, Bethesda, MD 20852 USA. Univ Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. DDL OMNI Engn LLC, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil RI del Rio Portilla, Jesus Antonio/C-2125-2009; Cortes, Hector/D-1749-2011; Leydesdorff, Loet/E-2903-2010; Wagner, Caroline/A-7170-2012 OI del Rio Portilla, Jesus Antonio/0000-0001-6180-0608; Leydesdorff, Loet/0000-0002-7835-3098; NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 15 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0165-5515 EI 1741-6485 J9 J INF SCI JI J. Inf. Sci. PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1 BP 21 EP 40 DI 10.1177/0165551506067124 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 140UI UT WOS:000244531800002 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM Trickey, ST Seaver, M Moniz, L AF Nichols, J. M. Trickey, S. T. Seaver, M. Moniz, L. TI Use of fiber-optic strain sensors and holder exponents for detecting and localizing damage in an experimental plate structure SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE holder exponents; fiber Bragg gratings; structural health monitoring ID PART I; SYSTEMS; IDENTIFICATION; SYNCHRONIZATION; DIMENSIONS; REDUCTION; PROGNOSIS; ALGORITHM; DIAGNOSIS; DYNAMICS AB The vibration-based structural health monitoring paradigm is predicated on the practitioner's ability to acquire accurate structural response data and then to use that information to infer something about the structure's health. Here the authors combine advances in both sensing and signal analysis and demonstrate the ability to detect damage in a simple experimental structure. A distributed network of nine fiber-optic strain sensors is used to acquire time series data from a rectangular steel plate where damage is considered as a cut of varying lengths. Both the sensors and the associated optical hardware are described. A new feature, Holder continuity, is then introduced as a means of identifying the presence and location of the cut length. This particular metric is derived from the field of nonlinear dynamics and is based on a phase space description of a structure's dynamic response. Specifically, the authors compute the Holder exponent which quantifies the differentiability of the functional relationship between an 'undamaged' and a 'damaged' structural response. As damage is incurred, this relationship is expected to degrade. Both univariate and multivariate applications of the method are presented. The metric shows sensitivity to damage comparable to that exhibited by the plate's modal frequencies, a traditionally used feature in health monitoring applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pele@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X EI 1530-8138 J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 1 BP 51 EP 67 DI 10.1177/1045389X06064354 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 131OT UT WOS:000243880300006 ER PT J AU Radko, T AF Radko, Timour TI A mechanism for establishment and maintenance of the meridional overturning in the upper ocean SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; DRAKE PASSAGE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; EDDY TRANSFER; DEACON CELL; MODELS; THERMOCLINE; STRATIFICATION; TRANSPORT AB A two-dimensional analytical residual-mean model of the meridional overturning in the upper ocean is presented which illustrates dynamics of the interaction between the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The theory is based on the semi-adiabatic approximation in which all diabatic processes are confined to the upper mixed layer. The overturning circulation is driven directly by the wind forcing which, in our model, is affected by the sea-surface temperature distribution. The surface boundary conditions are symmetric with respect to the equator, and therefore one of the steady state solutions represents a symmetric flow characterized by the absence of the inter-hemispheric buoyancy fluxes. However, linear stability analysis, which takes into account both mechanical and thermodynamic forcing at the sea surface, indicates that the symmetric configuration such as this is unstable. The instability results in transition to the asymmetric regime with finite cross-equatorial exchange flows and heat transfer. Weakly nonlinear instability theory makes it possible to estimate the equilibrium fluxes in the new asymmetric steady states; for the oceanographically relevant range of parameters our model predicts the meridional overturning of about 10 Sv. While earlier studies considered the role of salt advection in spontaneous symmetry breaking, our study relies on a positive feedback between atmospheric winds and the oceanic meridional circulation. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Radko, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tradko@nps.edu NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEARS FOUNDATION MARINE RESEARCH PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, KLINE GEOLOGY LAB, 210 WHITNEY AVENUE, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0022-2402 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 65 IS 1 BP 85 EP 116 DI 10.1357/002224007780388748 PG 32 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 154PS UT WOS:000245520300004 ER PT J AU Lytle, JC Rhodes, CP Long, JW Pettigrew, KA Stroud, RM Rolison, DR AF Lytle, Justin C. Rhodes, Christopher P. Long, Jeffrey W. Pettigrew, Katherine A. Stroud, Rhonda M. Rolison, Debra R. TI The importance of combining disorder with order for Li-ion insertion into cryogenically prepared nanoscopic ruthenia SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM INTERCALATION; ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; HYBRID NANOARCHITECTURES; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; V2O5 AEROGEL; RUO2; OXIDE; NANOSCALE; CAPACITY; ULTRATHIN AB Cryogenically prepared RuO2 ( cryo-RuO2), a material known for its ability to "self-wire'' into continuous, nanoscopic electronic pathways, is proposed as an electrode for Li-ion microbatteries with three-dimensionally interpenetrated components. We determined processing guidelines that optimize Li-ion uptake in cryo-RuO2 powders by varying the solid-state structure of cryo-RuO2 with thermal processing at 50-250 degrees C in flowing O-2( g) or Ar( g). The highly disordered structure of as-prepared cryo-RuO2 is transformed to rutile RuO2 at 200 degrees C in O-2( g), resulting in a 60% loss of Li-ion capacity ( as-prepared: 214 mA h g(-1); rutile: 84 mA h g(-1)). In contrast, thermal processing in Ar( g) preserves structural disorder in the cryo-RuO2, even up to 250 degrees C. The highest Li-ion capacity occurs for the treatment that mixes order ( crystallinity) with disorder: >250 mA h g(-1) for cryo-RuO2 heated in oxygen to 50 degrees C. This study provides processing guidelines to achieve fabrication of 3-D microbattery architectures containing a nanoscopic RuO2 electrode component. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat & Sensors Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rolison, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rolison@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2007 VL 17 IS 13 BP 1292 EP 1299 DI 10.1039/b614433k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 147YY UT WOS:000245042900008 ER PT J AU Roberts, WR AF Roberts, William R. TI Industrializing American shipbuilding: The tansformation of ship design and construction, 1820-1920 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Roberts, WR (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 BP 236 EP 237 DI 10.1353/jmh.2007.0072 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 120XE UT WOS:000243119300036 ER PT J AU McBride, WM AF McBride, William M. TI Command at sea: Naval command and control since the sixteenth century SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. RP McBride, WM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 BP 275 EP 276 DI 10.1353/jmh.2007.0051 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 120XE UT WOS:000243119300071 ER PT J AU Narducci, FA Welch, GR AF Narducci, Frank A. Welch, George R. TI 37th Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics, 2-6 January 2007 - Foreword SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Narducci, FA (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2007 VL 54 IS 16-17 BP 2315 EP 2316 DI 10.1080/09500340701733293 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA 237GD UT WOS:000251361300001 ER PT J AU Abi-Salloum, T Davis, JP Lehman, C Elliott, E Narducci, FA AF Abi-Salloum, T. Davis, J. P. Lehman, C. Elliott, E. Narducci, F. A. TI Phase dynamics and interference in EIT SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 02-06, 2007 CL Snowbird, UT ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; POPULATION-INVERSION; GROUP-VELOCITY; BUFFER GAS; VAPOR; MEDIA; LIGHT AB In this paper, we investigate various aspects of electro-magnetically induced transparency (EIT) that are associated with quantum interference. In the first half of this paper, we investigate two cascade schemes and demonstrate two possible absorption pathways in one, which leads to interference, and only one pathway in the other scheme, which does not exhibit EIT. In the second part of this paper, we demonstrate how EIT can be changed into enhanced absorption by changing the phase of either the coupling or probe fields. C1 Widener Univ, Chester, PA 19013 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Narducci, FA (reprint author), Widener Univ, 1 Univ Pl, Chester, PA 19013 USA. EM frank@aps.org NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2007 VL 54 IS 16-17 BP 2459 EP 2471 DI 10.1080/09500340701742617 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 237GD UT WOS:000251361300016 ER PT J AU Krowne, CM Daniel, M AF Krowne, Clifford M. Daniel, Maurice TI Electromagnetic field behavior in dispersive isotropic negative phase velocity/negative refractive index guided wave structures compatible with millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuits SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LEFT-HANDED MATERIALS; PERFECT LENSES; PERMITTIVITY; MEDIA; PERMEABILITY; METAMATERIAL; VERIFICATION; RADIATION AB A microstrip configuration has been loaded with a dispersive isotropic left-handed medium (LHM) substrate and studied regarding its high frequency millimeter-wave behavior near 100 GHz. This has been accomplished using a full-wave integral-equation anisotropic Green's function code configured to run for isotropy. Never before seen electromagnetic field distributions are produced, unlike anything found in normal media devices, using this ab initio solver. These distributions are made in the cross-sectional dimension, with the field propagating in the perpendicular direction. It is discovered that the LHM distributions are so radically different from ordinary media used as a substrate that completely new electronic devices based upon the new physics become a real possibility. The distinctive dispersion diagram for the dispersive medium, consisting of unit cells with split ring resonator-rod combinations, is provided over the upper millimeter-wave frequency regime. Copyright (C) 2007. C1 [Krowne, Clifford M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Daniel, Maurice] DCS Corp, Sensors & Technol Div, Elect Sci & Technol Branch, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4110 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2007 SI 1 AR 54568 DI 10.1155/2007/54568 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 261NO UT WOS:000253086600007 ER PT J AU Han, DM Foersterling, FH Deschamps, JR Parrish, D Liu, XX Yin, WY Huang, SM Cook, JM AF Han, Dongmei Foersterling, F. Holger Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Parrish, Damon Liu, Xiaoxiang Yin, Wenyuan Huang, Shengming Cook, James M. TI Conformational analysis of the cis- and trans-adducts of the Pictet-Spengler reaction. Evidence for the structural basis for the C(1)-N(2) scission process in the cis- to trans-isomerization SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID ENANTIOSPECIFIC TOTAL-SYNTHESIS; TETRAHYDRO-BETA-CARBOLINES; INDOLE ALKALOIDS; APROTIC MEDIA; DIASTEREOMERS; ACIDS; WELL; 5)-METHYL-1,2,5,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINES; 1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDRO-BETA-CARBOLINES; 4-ARYL-3-METHYL-4-PIPERIDINOLS AB The stable conformations of both the trans- and cis-1,3-disubstituted N-b-benzyl stereoisomers of the Pictet-Spengler reaction have been determined by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography in order to better understand the C(1)-N(2) cis- to trans-isomerization process. In the N-a-H series, the chair conformation was preferred for the trans-isomer 3a while the cis-isomer 3b existed predominantly in the boat form. However, in the N-a-methyl series (1a, 1b, 2a, 2b), both the cis (1b, 2b) and trans (1a, 2a) diastereomers existed in the chair conformation to relieve the A((1,2))-strain between the N-a-methyl function and the substituent at C(1). The difference in the preferred conformations of the cis-isomers in the N-a-H and N-a-methyl series (as compared to the preferred conformations in the trans-isomers) can be employed to understand the reduced rate of epimerization of cis-2b into trans-2a as compared to 3b into 3a. This provides the structural basis for the carbocation-mediated intermediate in the C(1)-N(2) scission process. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cook, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. EM capncook@uwm.edu RI Yin, Wenyuan/I-6517-2016; OI Yin, Wenyuan/0000-0002-6108-6421; Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH-46851] NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 70 IS 1 BP 75 EP 82 DI 10.1021/np060391g PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 129MZ UT WOS:000243734900015 PM 17253853 ER PT J AU Woodmansee, MA Ball, IC Barlow, KW AF Woodmansee, Mark A. Ball, Irven C. Barlow, Kenneth W. TI Experimental characterization of an isothermal swirler flowfield SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 32nd Fluid Dynamics Conference CY JUN 24-26, 2002 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTOR; MODEL COMBUSTOR; WATER MODEL; FLOW; FLAMES; CUP AB A method for characterizing the flowfield associated with an ensemble of production swirl cups before their implementation into an aircraft engine is presented. LDV is used to acquire mean, rms, and skewness velocity profiles downstream of the swirlers' venturi. The skewness of the streamwise velocity data is used to locate the fluid boundary between the primary and secondary corotating streams. The data reduction technique utilizes the modality transformation of the streamwise velocity histograms as the LDV probe volume is translated from the low-speed secondary stream to the high-speed primary stream. By locating this boundary, primary and secondary flowfield metrics such as swirl number and primary-secondary mass flow split compliment the conventional effective area measurements. To corroborate the LDV measurements, digital particle image velocimetry images are used to qualify the size and position of the recirculation zone created at the venturi exit as well as highlight the unsteady nature of the feature. Instantaneous side- and end-view digital particle image velocimetry images provide evidence of coherent radial movement, that is, wagging of the recirculation zone and the presence of large-scale vortices in the secondary stream. C1 Gen Elect Optimizat & Control, Minden, NV 89423 USA. Gen Elect Aircraft Engines, Lynn, MA 01910 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Woodmansee, MA (reprint author), Gen Elect Optimizat & Control, 1631 Bently Pkwy S, Minden, NV 89423 USA. EM mark.woodmansee@ge.com NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 203 EP 211 DI 10.2514/1.19105 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 131KV UT WOS:000243868600025 ER PT J AU Grondin, J Talaga, D Lassegues, JC Johansson, P Henderson, WA AF Grondin, J. Talaga, D. Lassegues, J. C. Johansson, P. Henderson, W. A. TI Spectroscopic and ab initio characterization of the conformational states of the bis(perfluoroethanesulfonyl)imide anion (BETI-) SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE vibrational spectroscopy; ab initio calculations; conformation; bis(perfluoroethanesulfonyl)imide ID POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; DENSITY; LIBETI; SALTS; LIPF6 AB Ab initio calculations were combined with infrared and Raman studies to spectroscopically distinguish the two conformers of the BETI- or bis(perfluoroethanesulfonyl)imide anion, [N(SO2C2F5)(2)](-), as was previously done for [N(SO2CF3)(2)](-), the TFSI- anion. BETI- is predicted to exist, as does TFSI-, in two conformational states of C-2 and C-1 symmetries, the former being more stable by about 6 kJ mol(-1). This conformational isomerism produces weak Raman splittings that can be resolved only at low temperatures. Thus, solutions of LiBETI with glymes cooled down to 113 K exhibit a very intense Raman doublet at similar to 745-740 cm(-1) characteristic of a quenched conformational equilibrium between the C-2 and C-1 conformers. Annealing of the (G3)(2):LiBETI solvate, where G3 is triglyme, leads to an ordered crystalline phase with all the anions in the C-2 conformation, as in the reference salt Me4NBETI. This conclusion cannot be extended to all the systems in which the BETI- anion interacts weakly with the cation, however, since the diglyme solvate, (G2)(2):LiBETI, contains both C-1 and C-2 anion conformers (in 2:1 ratio) at low temperatures independent of the sample's thermal history. The conformational splittings are larger in infrared, as illustrated by two absorption bands at 601 and 615 cm(-1) associated with the C-2 and C-1 anion conformers, respectively. It is possible to follow the relative intensities of these bands in a LiBETI solution with diglyme above room temperature up to 387 K. The C-2 conformer is found to be more stable than C, by 4.7 +/- 0.7 kJ mol(-1). Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, UMR 5803, Lab Physicochim Mol, F-33405 Talence, France. Chalmers, Dept Appl Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Lassegues, JC (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, UMR 5803, Lab Physicochim Mol, 351 Cours Liberat, F-33405 Talence, France. EM jc.lassegues@lpcm.u-bordeaux1.fr RI Johansson, Patrik/A-7660-2010 OI Johansson, Patrik/0000-0002-9907-117X NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0377-0486 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 38 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1002/jrs.1573 PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 129BJ UT WOS:000243703100007 ER PT J AU Ghoshal, A Martin, WN Schulz, MJ Chattopadhyay, A Prosser, WH Kim, HS AF Ghoshal, A. Martin, W. N. Schulz, M. J. Chattopadhyay, A. Prosser, W. H. Kim, H. S. TI Health monitoring of composite plates using acoustic wave propagation, continuous sensors and wavelet analysis SO JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE health monitoring; active wave propagation; distributed sensor ID PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATORS AB Health monitoring of aerospace structures can be done passively by listening for acoustic waves generated by cracks, impact damage and delaminations, or actively by propagating diagnostic stress waves and interpreting the parameters that characterize the wave travel. This paper investigates modeling of flexural wave propagation in a plate and the design of sensors to detect damage in plates based on stress wave parameters. To increase understanding of the actual physical process of wave propagation, a simple model is developed to simulate wave propagation in a plate with boundaries. The waves can be simulated by applied forces and moments in the model either to represent passive damage growth or active wave generation using piezoceramic actuators. For active wave generation, the model considers a piezoceramic patch bonded perfectly to a quasi-isotropic glass-epoxy composite plate. Distributed sensors are used on the plate and are modeled as being constructed using active fiber composite and piezoceramic materials. For active wave generation, a moment impulse is generated by the actuation of a piezoceramic patch. The waves generated from the patch are detected by the distributed sensor. For passive sensing of acoustic waves, a step function is used to simulate an acoustic emission from a propagating damage. The resulting acoustic wave is measured by the distributed sensor and produces microstrains in the sensor nodes. The strains produce a single voltage signal output from the distributed sensor. Computational simulations and animations of acoustic wave propagation in a plate are discussed in the article. A new method to locate the source of an acoustic emission using the timehistory of the dominant lower frequency components of the flexural wave mode detected by continuous sensors is also presented. C1 United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Inha Univ, Inchon, South Korea. RP Ghoshal, A (reprint author), United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. EM anindo_ghoshal@yahoo.com RI Kim, Heung Soo /F-6611-2011 OI Kim, Heung Soo /0000-0001-7057-5174 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0731-6844 J9 J REINF PLAST COMP JI J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 95 EP 112 DI 10.1177/0731684407069965 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 127WA UT WOS:000243615800008 ER PT J AU Romano, M Friedman, DA Shay, TJ AF Romano, Marcello Friedman, David A. Shay, Tracy J. TI Laboratory experimentation of autonomous spacecraft approach and docking to a collaborative target SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID PROGRAM AB A new laboratory test bed is introduced that enables the hardware-in-the-loop simulation of the autonomous approach and docking of a chaser spacecraft to a target spacecraft of similar mass. The test bed consists of a chaser spacecraft and a target spacecraft simulator floating via air pads on a flat floor. The prototype docking interface mechanism of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's Orbital Express mission is integrated on the spacecraft simulators. Relative navigation of the chaser spacecraft is obtained by fusing the measurements from a single-camera vision sensor and an inertial measurement unit, through Kalman filters. The target is collaborative in the sense that a pattern of three infrared light emitting diodes is mounted on it as reference for the relative navigation. Eight cold-gas on-off thrusters are used for the translation of the chaser vehicle. They are commanded using a nonlinear control algorithm based on Schmitt triggers. Furthermore, a reaction wheel is used for the vehicle rotation With a proportional derivative linear control. Experimental results are presented of both an autonomous proximity maneuver and an autonomous docking of the chaser simulator to the nonfloating target. The presented results validate the proposed estimation and control methods and demonstrate the capability of the test bed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Mech & Astronaut Engn Dept, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Romano, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Mech & Astronaut Engn Dept, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM mromano@nps.edu RI Romano, Marcello/C-7972-2013 NR 28 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 164 EP 173 DI 10.2514/1.22092 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 137XA UT WOS:000244325000017 ER PT J AU Yoshihara, T AF Yoshihara, Toshi TI From Mahan to Pearl Harbor: The imperial Japanese Navy and the United States. SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Yoshihara, T (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 574 EP 576 PG 3 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 189ST UT WOS:000248009500009 ER PT J AU Simpson, HJ Frederickson, CK Porse, EC Houston, BH Kraus, LA Liskey, SW Berdoz, AR Frank, PA Stanic, S AF Simpson, Harry J. Frederickson, Carl K. Porse, Erik C. Houston, Brian H. Kraus, Larry A. Liskey, Steve W. Berdoz, Alain R. Frank, Philip A. Stanic, Steve TI Measurements of sound propagation in a littoral environment using a vertical synthetic array SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LOW-FREQUENCY PROPAGATION; STEP PADE SOLUTION; SHALLOW-WATER; ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION; CRITICAL ANGLE; SANDY BOTTOM; SEDIMENT; WAVES; PREDICTABILITY; PENETRATION AB Shallow-water propagation experiments were carried out in St. Andrews Bay, Florida. These investigations used a vertical one-dimensional synthetic array measurement system where two hydrophones incrementally mapped the acoustic pressure from 2 m below through 2 m above the sand-water interface. A broadband (1 to 12 kHz) chirp was used to insonify the water channel. The source to receiver distance was varied and included measurements at 20, 30, 50, 70, and 90 m. These measurements quantified the acoustic pressure above and below a sandy bottom and the results are presented along with frequency analysis, temporal impulse analysis, and wave number analysis. To obtain a better understanding of the results, the measurements are compared to two numerical models. The first model is a temporal ray path prediction of sound propagation in the water channel. The second model, range-dependent acoustic model (RAM), based on a parabolic equation, predicts the sound propagating in a water channel with a sandy bottom. The experimental results agreed well with both numerical predictions in the water column. However, the measured acoustic energy in the sandy bottom was different from the prediction by RAM, which assumed a smooth air-water and water-bottom interface and a point source. (c) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Phys Acoust Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Cent Arkansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Conway, AR 72035 USA. RP Simpson, HJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Phys Acoust Branch, Code 7136, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Frederickson, Carl/F-9335-2013 OI Frederickson, Carl/0000-0002-3748-0058 NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 121 IS 1 BP 85 EP 97 DI 10.1121/1.2372449 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 129WX UT WOS:000243761900008 ER PT J AU Nero, RW Feuillade, C Thompson, CH Love, RH AF Nero, R. W. Feuillade, C. Thompson, C. H. Love, R. H. TI Near-resonance scattering from arrays of artificial fish swimbladders SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; SHALLOW-WATER; VOLUME; SOUND; MODEL; STRENGTHS; BUBBLES; SCHOOL AB The air-filled swimbladders of fish resonate like damped air bubbles, and are very efficient acoustic scatterers at low to mid frequencies (typically < 20 kHz). Scattering experiments were performed on an artificial "fish school" constructed from polyethylene bubbles. A mathematical model, developed to describe near-resonance backscattering from schooling fish [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 99, 196-208 (1996)], was used to analyze the physical behavior for three different arrays of these bubbles. The measurements gave excellent agreement with the model, showing that coupled-resonance and interference effects cause the frequency response of tightly packed arrays, with spacing corresponding to the order of a body length for fish, to differ significantly from those of more dispersed arrays. As the array spacing is increased to the equivalent of several body lengths, these effects rapidly diminish. The results of this comparison demonstrate that, at low to mid frequencies, coupled resonance and interference effects are likely in schooling fish, and need to be considered in applications of underwater acoustic methods to the study of fish populations. (c) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. BayouAcoustics, Ft Worth, TX 76179 USA. RP Nero, RW (reprint author), USN, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 121 IS 1 BP 132 EP 143 DI 10.1121/1.2382277 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 129WX UT WOS:000243761900012 PM 17297769 ER PT J AU Bergman, M Lyytinen, K Mark, G AF Bergman, Mark Lyytinen, Kalle Mark, Gloria TI Boundary objects in design: An ecological view of design artifacts SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE systems analysis and design; design theory; boundary objects; social worlds; knowledge integration; power alignment; design ecology; functional requirements; stakeholder analysis ID INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; KNOWLEDGE; ORGANIZATIONS; TECHNOLOGY; SCIENCE; SENSE AB Traditionally, Systems Analysis and Design ( SAD) research has focused on ways of working and ways of modeling. Design ecology - the task, organizational and political context surrounding design - is less well understood. In particular, relationships between design routines and products within ecologies have not received sufficient attention. In this paper, we theorize about design product and ecology relationships and deliberate on how design products - viewed as boundary objects - bridge functional knowledge and stakeholder power gaps across different social worlds. We identify four essential features of design boundary objects: capability to promote shared representation, capability to transform design knowledge, capability to mobilize for action, and capability to legitimize design knowledge. We show how these features help align, integrate, and transform heterogeneous technical and domain knowledge across social worlds as well as mobilize, coordinate, and align stakeholder power. We illustrate through an ethnography of a large aerospace laboratory how two design artifacts - early proto-architectures and project plans - shared these four features to coalesce design processes and propel successful movement of designs across social worlds. These artifacts resolved uncertainty associated with functional requirements and garnered political momentum to choose among design solutions. Altogether, the study highlights the importance of design boundary objects in multi-stakeholder designs and stresses the need to formulate sociology-based design theories on how knowledge is produced and consumed in complex SAD tasks. C1 [Bergman, Mark] USN, Postgrad Sch, GSOIS, Monterey, CA USA. [Lyytinen, Kalle] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Lyytinen, Kalle] Univ Jyvaskyla, SF-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Mark, Gloria] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Informat, Irvine, CA USA. RP Bergman, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, GSOIS, Monterey, CA USA. EM mbergman@nps.edu; kalle@case.edu; gmark@ics.uci.edu NR 90 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASSOC INFORMATION SYSTEMS PI ATLANTA PA GEORGIA STATE UNIV, 35 BROAD STREET, STE 916-917, ATLANTA, GA 30303 USA SN 1536-9323 J9 J ASSOC INF SYST JI J. Assoc. Inf. Syst. PY 2007 VL 8 IS 11 BP 546 EP 568 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 290JB UT WOS:000255118000001 ER PT J AU Teixeira, J Reynolds, CA Judd, K AF Teixeira, Joao Reynolds, Carolyn A. Judd, Kevin TI Time step sensitivity of nonlinear atmospheric models: Numerical convergence, truncation error growth, and ensemble design SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WEATHER PREDICTION; LYAPUNOV VECTORS; SINGULAR VECTORS; STABLE SCHEMES; LORENZ SYSTEM; PREDICTABILITY; DYNAMICS; CIRCULATION; FLOW; PERTURBATIONS AB Computational models based on discrete dynamical equations are a successful way of approaching the problem of predicting or forecasting the future evolution of dynamical systems. For linear and mildly nonlinear models, the solutions of the numerical algorithms on which they are based converge to the analytic solutions of the underlying differential equations for small time steps and grid sizes. In this paper, the authors investigate the time step sensitivity of three nonlinear atmospheric models of different levels of complexity: the Lorenz equations, a quasigeostrophic (QG) model, and a global weather prediction system (NOGAPS). It is illustrated here how, for chaotic systems, numerical convergence cannot be guaranteed forever. The time of decoupling of solutions for different time steps follows a logarithmic rule (as a function of time step) similar for the three models. In regimes that are not fully chaotic, the Lorenz equations are used to illustrate how different time steps may lead to different model climates and even different regimes. A simple model of truncation error growth in chaotic systems is proposed. This model decomposes the error onto its stable and unstable components and reproduces well the short- and medium-term behavior of the QG model truncation error growth, with an initial period of slow growth (a plateau) before the exponential growth phase. Experiments with NOGAPS suggest that truncation error can be a substantial component of total forecast error of the model. Ensemble simulations with NOGAPS show that using different time steps may be a simple and natural way of introducing an important component of model error in ensemble design. C1 NATO Undersea Res Ctr, I-19138 La Spezia, Italy. USN, Res Lab, UCAR, Visiting Scientist Program, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. RP Teixeira, J (reprint author), NATO Undersea Res Ctr, Viale San Bartolomeo 400, I-19138 La Spezia, Italy. EM teixeira@nurc.nato.int RI Judd, Kevin/E-7690-2010; OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 NR 65 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 64 IS 1 BP 175 EP 189 DI 10.1175/JAS3824.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 126QO UT WOS:000243529900009 ER PT J AU Garsany, Y Baturina, OA Swider-Lyons, KE AF Garsany, Yannick Baturina, Olga A. Swider-Lyons, Karen E. TI Impact of sulfur dioxide on the oxygen reduction reaction at Pt/Vulcan carbon electrocatalysts SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR; PLATINUM-ELECTRODES; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; CHEMICAL-STATE; ACIDIC MEDIUM; OXIDATION; MECHANISM; PERFORMANCE; ADSORPTION AB The poisoning of the oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR) by adsorbed sulfur-containing species was quantified for platinum fuel-cell materials using rotating ring disk electrode methodology. Electrodes of Pt on Vulcan carbon (Pt/VC) were contaminated by submersion in SO2-containing solutions. The initial sulfur coverage of the Pt was determined from the total charge consumed as the sulfur was oxidized from S-0 at 0.05 V (vs a reversible hydrogen electrode) to water-soluble sulfate (SO42-) at >1.3 V. Electrodes were then evaluated for their ORR activity. Significant (33%) loss in Pt mass activity was measured when approximately 1.2% of the Pt surface had adsorbed the sulfur-containing species. Sulfur coverage of 14% caused a 95% loss in mass activity. When 37% of the Pt surface was covered with sulfur, the reaction pathway of the ORR on the Pt/VC catalyst changed from a 4-electron to 2-electron process reaction for peroxide, a reagent which can aggressively attack Nafion. We conclude that adsorbed sulfur is not removed under typical steady-state operating conditions of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, so it will affect operation by decreasing mass activity of the catalysts and by enhancing formation of the deleterious H2O2 by-product. (C) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Garsany, Y (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yannick.garsany@nrl.navy.mil; karen.lyons@nrl.navy.mil NR 47 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2007 VL 154 IS 7 BP B670 EP B675 DI 10.1149/1.2736648 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 173SE UT WOS:000246892000027 ER PT J AU McCafferty, E AF McCafferty, E. TI Oxide networks, graph theory, and the passivity of Fe-Cr-Ni ternary alloys SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; AISI-304 STAINLESS-STEEL; BINARY-ALLOYS; CORROSION BEHAVIOR; FILMS; IRON; XPS; NICKEL; H2SO4 AB The passivity of Fe-Cr-Ni ternary alloys is considered in terms of a continuous network of -Cr-O-Cr-bridges in the oxide film (which also contains and Ni2+ ions) or in terms of a continuous network of -Ni-O-Ni-bridges in the oxide film (which also contains Fe3+ and Cr3+ ions). The structure of the oxide is represented by a mathematical graph, and graph theory is used to calculate the connectivity of the oxide. This approach shows that a continuous network of -Cr-O-Cr-bridges occurs when the cation fraction of Cr3+ ions in the oxide is 0.30 or greater. A continuous network of -Ni-O-Ni-bridges occurs when the cation fraction of Ni2+ ions in the oxide is 0.55 or greater. Experimental results taken from the literature support the -Cr-O-Cr-model. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Part Time Fac, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP McCafferty, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6134, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2007 VL 154 IS 10 BP C571 EP C578 DI 10.1149/1.2759828 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 203OU UT WOS:000248984700030 ER PT J AU Shao, I Chen, MW Cammarata, RC Searson, PC Prokes, SM AF Shao, I. Chen, M. W. Cammarata, R. C. Searson, P. C. Prokes, S. M. TI Deposition and characterization of Fe0.55Co0.45 nanowires SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RECESSED MICRODISK ELECTRODES; MAGNETIC RECORDING MEDIA; ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION; ARRAYS; FABRICATION; REVERSAL; DENSITY; CO; NUCLEATION; INLAID AB High aspect ratio Fe0.55Co0.45 alloy nanowires were fabricated by electrochemical deposition from sulfamate solution into nanoporous templates with diameters between 20 and 200 nm and lengths up to 6 mu m. The capability to fill narrow (down to 20 nm in diameter) and deep (micrometer size) pores with high magnetic flux density Fe-Co alloys makes it a potential candidate for deposition of the writer poles in hard disk drives. The deposited nanowires were polycrystalline with a grain size of about 10-40 nm. Strong magnetic shape anisotropy is characteristic of the deposited high aspect ratio Fe-Co nanowires. The saturation magnetization of the nanowires was about 22-24 kG, in excellent agreement with values reported for bulk Fe-Co alloys. For nanowires with diameters in the range from 30 to 100 nm, magnetic reversal is shown to be consistent with the curling model. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shao, I (reprint author), IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. EM searson@jhu.edu RI Searson, Peter /A-3311-2010; Cammarata, Robert /A-3307-2010; Chen, Mingwei/A-4855-2010; OI Chen, Mingwei/0000-0002-2850-8872; Searson, Peter/0000-0002-5417-0828 NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2007 VL 154 IS 11 BP D572 EP D576 DI 10.1149/1.2772201 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 215DG UT WOS:000249787900047 ER PT J AU Witker, DL Clancy, SO Irvin, DJ Stenger-Smith, JD Irvin, JA AF Witker, David L. Clancy, Sean O. Irvin, David J. Stenger-Smith, John D. Irvin, Jennifer A. TI Electrochemical deposition of a new n-doping polymer based on bis(thienyl)isopyrazole SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTING POLYMERS; ELECTRON; BBL AB A novel donor-acceptor polymer based on thiophene and isopyrazole has been prepared for use in n-doping applications. Nonpolymerizable monomer radical cations appear to be the predominant oxidation product, resulting in a need for extended cycling to produce adequate quantities of polymer for characterization. The electrochemical behavior of the polymer films produced is strongly dependent upon the conditions applied during electrodeposition and on the solvent used during cycling of the films. Cycling to reductive potentials during oxidative polymerization in acetonitrile was necessary to produce a polymer film capable of n-doping, likely resulting from a need to establish pathways for cation migration. The neutral polymer undergoes oxidation to the p-doped form at ca. 2000 mV vs Ag/Ag+ in propylene carbonate and reduces back to neutral at ca. 0 mV. Conversion of the neutral polymer to its n-doped form involves reductions at -700 and -1300 mV, with reoxidation at -800 and -200 mV to return to the neutral form of the polymer. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN, Div Chem, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Witker, DL (reprint author), Dow Corning Corp, Midland, MI USA. EM jennifer.irvin@navy.mil RI Irvin, Jennifer/C-7968-2013 OI Irvin, Jennifer/0000-0003-3500-8419 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2007 VL 154 IS 4 BP G95 EP G98 DI 10.1149/1.2436991 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 144JL UT WOS:000244792200055 ER PT J AU Sutto, TE AF Sutto, Thomas E. TI The electrochemical behavior of trialkylimidazolium imide based ionic liquids and their polymer gel electrolytes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID 1,2-DIMETHYL-3-PROPYL-IMIDAZOLIUM TETRAFLUOROBORATE; LITHIUM; ELECTRODES; BATTERIES; ALUMINUM; GRAPHITE; SALT AB The physical and electrochemical properties of 1,2-dimethyl-3-n-R-imidazolium ionic liquids [R=propyl (MMPI) and butyl (MMBI)] were investigated. The anions studied were bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) or bis(perfluoroethanesulfonyl)imide (PFESI). In addition, polymer gel electrolytes were prepared using polyethylene oxide of poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) (PVDF-HFP) and these ionic liquids with and without 1.0 M Li+. Electrochemical measurements showed similar behavior for the TFSI based ionic liquids, although MMBITFSI exhibited lower ionic conductivity than MMPITFSI. The MMPIPFESI is an extremely viscous liquid, which solidifies if cooled slightly below room temperature. MMBIPFESI is a wax at room temperature. For both MMPIPFESI and MMBIPFESI, addition of 1.0 M lithium (as LiPFESI) resulted in crystallization of the pure ionic liquid at room temperature. Electrochemical studies indicated that in all cases, the PVDF-HFP polymer gel systems exhibited higher charge/discharge efficiencies and higher ionic conductivity than the PEO based polymer gel systems. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sutto, TE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomas.sutto@nrl.navy.mil NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2007 VL 154 IS 11 BP P130 EP P135 DI 10.1149/1.2773624 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 215DG UT WOS:000249787900090 ER PT J AU Sutto, TE AF Sutto, Thomas E. TI Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions of ionic liquids and polymers in solid polymer gel electrolytes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID 1,2-DIMETHYL-3-PROPYL-IMIDAZOLIUM TETRAFLUOROBORATE; 1-ETHYL-3-METHYL-IMIDAZOLIUM TETRAFLUOROBORATE; CHLOROALUMINATE MELTS; COMPOSITE ELECTRODES; GRAPHITE; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT; BATTERIES AB Poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, or poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropene), PVdF-HFP, and the ionic liquids 1-n-propyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (MMPIBF4) and 1-n-propyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (MMPIPF6) with and without 0.5 M Li salt were used to prepare solid polymer gel electrolytes. Experimentation indicates that for the PEO films, the 20 and 30 wt % polymer gels exhibited the highest ionic conductivity, although the 20 wt % film is fragile and exhibits poor mechanical properties. Therefore, the composition of all gels studied is 30 wt % polymer and 70 wt % ionic liquid. For all systems, addition of the lithium salts results in approximately a 33% drop in ionic conductivity. Results indicate that for the formation of polymer gel electrolytes, selection of a nonpolar polymer paired with a hydrophobic electrolyte results in greater ionic conductivity and reversibility in the intercalation of Li ion into graphite. These results are interpreted in terms of the type of solid solution formed between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers and the ionic liquids. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sutto, TE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomas.sutto@nrl.navy.mil NR 27 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2007 VL 154 IS 10 BP P101 EP P107 DI 10.1149/1.2767414 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 203OU UT WOS:000248984700088 ER PT J AU Arfsten, DP Wilfong, ER Bekkedal, MYV Johnson, EW McInturf, SM Eggers, JS Schaeffer, DJ Still, KR AF Arfsten, D. P. Wilfong, E. R. Bekkedal, M. Y. -V. Johnson, E. W. McInturf, S. M. Eggers, J. S. Schaeffer, D. J. Still, K. R. TI Evaluation of the effect of implanted depleted uranium (DU) on adult rat behavior and toxicological endpoints SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; LIPID OXIDATION; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; SHORT-TERM; MICE; EXPOSURE; BRAIN; REPRODUCTION; TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE AB In 2002, the Naval Health Research Center Toxicology Detachment began a study to determine the effects of surgically implanted depleted uranium (DU) pellets on adult rat (e. g., P1 generation) health and reproduction. In this report, the effect of implanted DU on adult rat behavior and health is described. Adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, 8 wk of age, were surgically implanted with 0, 4, 8, 12, or 20 DU pellets (1 x 2 mm); 20 DU pellets of size 1 x 2 mm approximates to 0.22 kg (0.5 lb) of DU in a 70 kg (154 lb) person. Control animals were implanted with 12 or 20 tantallum (Ta) pellets. The animals were then housed for up to 150 d postimplantation or 20% of an assumed 2-yr life span for rats. The concentration of uranium in urine directly correlated with the number of implanted DU pellets, indicating that DU was migrating into the body from the implanted pellets. Three male and 4 female animals died during the 150-d period of causes apparently not related to DU implantation. Behavioral testing found no definitive evidence of neurobehavioral perturbations associated with DU implantation. Uranium translocated to tissues known to sequester uranium (bone, teeth, and kidneys), but uranium concentrations varied considerably within each dose group and did not follow a dose-response pattern as anticipated. Serum chemistry values were within normal ranges for the SD rat. However, alanine aminotransferse measurements were significantly lower for rats implanted with 20 DU pellets as compared to sham surgery controls but not when compared to animals implanted with Ta pellets only. Phosphate measurements were significantly lower for female rats implanted with 20 DU pellets as compared to both sham surgery controls and animals implanted with Ta pellets only. Monocyte ratios were higher in adult rats implanted with 20 DU pellets as compared to sham surgery controls but not when compared to animals implanted with 20 Ta pellets. Mean platelet volume was found to be significantly lower for rats implanted with 20 DU pellets as compared to sham surgery controls but not when compared to animals implanted with 20 Ta pellets. Gross necropsy found no obvious tissue abnormalities in implanted rats, and the weights of major tissues did not differ between Ta- and DU-implanted animals. Histopathologic analysis of major tissues from animals implanted with 0 pellets, 20 Ta pellets, or 20 DU pellets found no differences between treatment groups. The findings of this study indicate that implantation of up to 20 DU pellets in adult rats did not have a significant negative impact on their general health and neurobehavioral capacities when assessed after 150 d of pellet implantation. However, the growing body of data on the potential health effects associated with DU exposure warrants further studies involving higher embedded DU body burdens in conjunction with longer surveillance periods postimplantation. C1 Navy Drug Screeing Lab Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. Wright Patterson AFB, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. State Wisconsin, Bureau Environm & Occupat Hlth, Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Madison, WI USA. Covance Labs Inc, Madison, WI USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), Navy Drug Screeing Lab Jacksonville, Bldg H-2033,POB 113,Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. EM darryl.arfsten@med.navy.mil NR 64 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2007 VL 70 IS 23 BP 1995 EP 2010 DI 10.1080/15287390701550987 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 236IU UT WOS:000251297400005 PM 17966071 ER PT J AU Paluska, TR Sise, MJ Sack, DI Sise, CB Egan, MC Biondi, M AF Paluska, Thomas R. Sise, Michael J. Sack, Daniel I. Sise, C. Beth Egan, Michael C. Biondi, Michael TI Incidental CT findings in trauma patients: Incidence and implications for care of the injured SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scientific Assembly of the American-Academy-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Acad Emergency Physicians ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; PREVALENCE AB Background: The evaluation of patients with head, neck, and torso trauma frequently includes high-definition spiral computed tomography (SCT) scanning, which can reveal non-injury-related lesions. These incidental findings vary in their importance, from trivial lesions to findings that may have a greater impact on the health of the trauma patient than the injuries that led to the SCT. We evaluated the incidence and clinical importance of incidental findings found on SCT, and the effectiveness of a trauma practice guideline calling for appropriate management and follow-up. Methods: The trauma registry was accessed to identify patients evaluated at an urban Level I trauma center from January to November, 2002. Trauma registry data, inpatient chart records, and the digital record of the filmless radiology archives were reviewed. Demographic data, including age, sex, type and mechanism of injury, and outcome, were recorded. All CT studies were reviewed for incidental findings. Mucus retention cysts, sinusitis (except mastoiditis), degenerative joint disease, evidence of previous operation, and age-related cerebral atrophy were excluded. Incidental findings were divided into three categories based on clinical importance. Category I required attention before discharge. Category 2 required follow-up with primary doctor within 1 or 2 weeks, and Category 3 required no specific follow-up. Categories 1 and 2 were considered clinically significant findings. Results: Complete data were available for 991 patients (677 men, 314 women). Eight hundred and forty-eight (85.6%) patients received at least one CT scan. A total of 289 incidental findings were discovered. Thirty-one patients (3.1 %) had 36 Category 1 findings. There were 108 Category 2 and 145 Category 3 findings. When comparing those patients with at least one incidental finding, the incidence of incidental findings was higher in women than in men (34.1 % versus 27.6 %; p < 0.05). Older patients also had a higher incidence of all categories of findings (over 40 versus 40 and younger: 46.1 % versus 19.9%; p < 0.001). SCT yielded 90 (62.5%) of the clinically significant incidental findings in the abdomen/pelvis, 29 (20.1 %) in the chest, and 25 (17.4 %) in the head and neck. The charts of only 15 (48.4%) of the patients with Category 1 findings adequately documented the management of the incidental finding. Conclusions: SCT for the evaluation of trauma patients reveals a significant number of incidental findings. These lesions are common in the abdomen and pelvis and show an increased incidence in women and among older patients. Although many require early follow-up and specialty physician referral, there was insufficient documentation of the management of these injuries. Incidental findings in the injured remain a significant challenge for trauma centers. An organized approach is required for successful follow-up and management. C1 Scripps Mercy Hosp, Div Trauma, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Paluska, TR (reprint author), Scripps Mercy Hosp, Div Trauma, 4077 5th Ave, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM paluskat@hotmail.com NR 11 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JAN PY 2007 VL 62 IS 1 BP 157 EP 161 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000249129.63550.cc PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 126CP UT WOS:000243490100030 PM 17215748 ER PT J AU Heitmeyer, CL AF Heitmeyer, Constance L. TI Formal methods for specifying, validating, and verifying requirements SO JOURNAL OF UNIVERSAL COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE formal methods; requirements; SCR toolset ID MODEL CHECKING; SPECIFICATIONS; SYSTEMS AB This paper describes the specification, validation and verification of system and software requirements using the SCR tabular method and tools. An example is presented to illustrate the SCR tabular notation, and an overview of each of the ten tools in the SCR toolset is presented. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Heitmeyer, CL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM heitmeyer@itd.nrl.navy.mil RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011; OI Heitmeyer, Constance/0000-0001-7942-9309 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU GRAZ UNIV TECHNOLGOY, INST INFORMATION SYSTEMS COMPUTER MEDIA-IICM PI GRAZ PA INFFELDGASSE 16C, GRAZ, A-8010, AUSTRIA SN 0948-695X J9 J UNIVERS COMPUT SCI JI J. Univers. Comput. Sci. PY 2007 VL 13 IS 5 BP 607 EP 618 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 190CA UT WOS:000248034300004 ER PT J AU Kane, CJ Presti, JC Amling, CL Aronson, WJ Terris, MK Freedland, SJ AF Kane, Christopher J. Presti, Joseph C. Amling, Christopher L. Aronson, William J. Terris, Martha K. Freedland, Stephen J. CA SEARCH Database Study Grp TI Changing nature of high risk patients undergoing radical prostatectomy SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; adenocarcinoma; prostate-specific antigen; prostatectomy; outcome assessment (health care) ID EXTERNAL-BEAM RADIATION; CANCER; MANAGEMENT; OUTCOMES; THERAPY; RADIOTHERAPY; RECURRENCE; CAPSURE; TRENDS AB Purpose: We examined the outcomes of radical prostatectomy alone in high risk patients with prostate cancer and evaluated changes in high risk prostate cancer outcomes with time. Materials and Methods: From 1988 to 2003, 251 men with high risk prostate cancer (prostate specific antigen more than 20 ng/ml and/or biopsy Gleason greater than 7) were identified in a cohort of 1,796 (14%) enrolled in the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital Database. Temporal changes in clinicopathological characteristics and prostate specific antigen recurrence rates were examined stratified by 4, 4-year periods. Results: With time significantly more men were considered at high risk due to a high biopsy Gleason score relative to prior years; when the most common reason for being considered at high risk was increased PSA (p < 0.001). Only 3% of high risk men from 2000 to 2003 had increased prostate specific antigen and high biopsy Gleason score compared to 23% from 1988 to 1991. With time there were no differences in biochemical recurrence rates (p = 0.147). Men with a high biopsy Gleason score and increased prostate specific antigen had worse outcomes than men with only a high Gleason score or men with only high prostate specific antigen (p = 0.046 and 0.081, respectively). On multivariate analysis that only included preoperative clinical characteristics only prostate specific antigen was an independent predictor of prostate specific antigen failure following radical prostatectomy (p = 0.014). There was a trend, which did not attain statistical significance, for higher biopsy Gleason scores and higher clinical stage to be associated with higher failure rates (p = 0.060 and 0.081, respectively). Conclusions: Patients are designated as high risk by Gleason grade more commonly now than early in the prostate specific antigen era. Outcomes in high risk patients undergoing radical prostatectomy alone have not significantly improved with time. New treatment strategies, such as multimodality therapy, are needed to improve outcomes in high risk patients with prostate cancer. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, Sch Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. USN Hosp, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Vet Adm Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Los Angeles, CA USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Augusta, GA 30904 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Urol Sect, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27705 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Div Urol Surg, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Duke Prostate Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Kane, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, Sch Med, 1600 Divisadero St,Room A607, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. OI Terris, Martha/0000-0002-3843-7270 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA100938, P50 CA92131-01A1] NR 20 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 177 IS 1 BP 113 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2006.08.057 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 116ZV UT WOS:000242843200029 PM 17162017 ER PT J AU Pruessner, MW Rabinovich, WS Stievater, TH Park, D Baldwin, JW AF Pruessner, Marcel W. Rabinovich, William S. Stievater, Todd H. Park, Doewon Baldwin, Jeffrey W. TI Cryogenic etch process development for profile control of high aspect-ratio submicron silicon trenches SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDES; FABRICATION; TEMPERATURE; RESONATORS; BOSCH AB A cryogenic etch process using low temperature (T <= 100 degrees C) and SF6 and O-2 gases is presented for fabricating high aspect ratio silicon microstructures, including photonic devices and micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems. The process requires only a single electron beam resist mask and results in open area etch rates of 4 mu m/min. Various etch process parameters, including O-2 flow, rf forward power, substrate temperature, and chamber pressure were studied, and the resulting effect on the etch quality was evaluated in terms of sidewall verticality and surface roughness. The optimized process uses low temperature (T=- 110 degrees C) and low chamber pressure (P=7 mTorr) and enables sidewall verticality greater than 89.5 degrees with roughness of 1 - 10 nm. A silicon etch selectivity of 26:1 was obtained for 380 nm thick electron beam resist. Using the optimized process, a silicon- on- in sul ator Fabry-Perot optical cavity with integrated rib waveguides and deeply etched silicon/air, distributed Bragg reflector mirrors was fabricated and tested. The device exhibits sharp resonance peaks with full width at half maximum Delta lambda=0.45 nm, free-spectral range of 26 nm, finesse F=58, and quality factor Q=3400 (at lambda(0)= 1531.6 nm). The optical measurements and extracted mirror reflectance (R approximate to 95%) confirm the high quality of our optimized etch process. (c) 2007 American Vacuum Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pruessner, MW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marcelwp@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 10 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 25 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1116/1.2402151 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 140NO UT WOS:000244512400006 ER PT S AU Kim, A Luo, J Kang, M AF Kim, Anya Luo, Jim Kang, Myong BE Spaccapietra, S TI Security ontology to facilitate web service description and discovery SO JOURNAL ON DATA SEMANTICS IX SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on CoopIS/C and O/ODBASE 2005 CY OCT 31-NOV 04, 2005 CL Agia, CYPRUS AB Annotation with security-related metadata enables discovery of resources that meet security requirements. This paper presents the NRL Security Ontology, which complements existing ontologies in other domains that focus on annotation of functional aspects of resources. Types of security information that could be described include mechanisms, protocols, objectives, algorithms, and credentials in various levels of detail and specificity. The NRL Security Ontology is more comprehensive and better organized than existing security ontologies. It is capable of representing more types of security statements and can be applied to any electronic resource. The class hierarchy of the ontology makes it both easy to use and intuitive to extend. We applied this ontology to a Service Oriented Architecture to annotate security aspects of Web service descriptions and queries. A refined matching algorithm was developed to perform requirement-capability matchmaking that takes into account not only the ontology concepts, but also the properties of the concepts. C1 [Kim, Anya; Luo, Jim; Kang, Myong] Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, A (reprint author), Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kim@itd.nrl.navy.mil; luo@itd.nrl.navy.mil; mkang@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-74982-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4601 BP 167 EP + PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGV02 UT WOS:000250746900006 ER PT J AU O'Neil, CB AF O'Neil, Catherine B. TI Childe Harold in Crimea: The Byronic SeaVoyage in Russian and Polish Romanticism SO KEATS-SHELLEY JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [O'Neil, Catherine B.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Neil, CB (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KEATS-SHELLEY ASSOC AMER INC PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY, RM 226, FIFTH AVE, 42ND ST, NEW YORK, NY 10018-2788 USA SN 0453-4387 J9 KEATS-SHELLEY J JI Keats-Shelley J. PY 2007 VL 56 BP 78 EP 99 PG 22 WC Poetry SC Literature GA 241ET UT WOS:000251640400012 ER PT S AU Papantonakis, MR Herz, E Simonson, DL Wiesner, UB Haglund, RF AF Papantonakis, Michael R. Herz, Erik Simonson, Duane L. Wiesner, Ulrich B. Haglund, Richard F., Jr. BE Pfleging, W Lu, Y Washio, K Bachmann, FG Hoving, W TI Deposition of functionalized nanoparticles in multilayer thin-film structures by resonant infrared laser ablation - art. no. 64590X SO Laser-based Micro- and Nanopackaging and Assembly SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser-based Micro- and Nanopackaging and Assembly CY JAN 22-24, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE infrared laser; pulsed laser deposition; nanoparticle; free-electron laser; vacuum thin-film deposition ID POLYMER AB We report the successful fabrication of layers of functionalized nanoparticles using a novel infrared, laser-based deposition technique. A frozen suspension of nanoparticles was ablated with a laser tuned to a vibrational mode of the solvent, resulting in the disruption of the matrix and ejection of the nanoparticles. The solvent was pumped away a:and the nanoparticles collected by a receiving substrate in a conformal process. Photoluminescence measurements of nanoparticles containing two common dyes showed no significant change to the emission properties of either dye, suggesting that no damage occurred during the laser ablation process. The process is generally applicable to particles of various sizes, shapes, and chemistries provided that an appropriate solvent is chosen. Deposition through shadow masks turned out to be straightforward using this technique, suggesting its potential utility in preparing designer sensor structures using functionalized nanoparticles. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Papantonakis, MR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Papantonakis, Michael/G-3888-2012 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6572-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6459 BP X4590 EP X4590 AR 64590X DI 10.1117/12.707206 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGC78 UT WOS:000246063300028 ER PT S AU Vignola, J Bucaro, J Tressler, J Ellingston, D Kurdila, A Adams, G Marchetti, B Agnani, A Esposito, E Tomasini, EP AF Vignola, J. Bucaro, J. Tressler, J. Ellingston, D. Kurdila, A. Adams, G. Marchetti, B. Agnani, A. Esposito, E. Tomasini, E. P. BE Nimmrichter, J Kautek, W Schreiner, M TI Multidimensional data analysis of Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer measurements: An application to the diagnostics of frescos at the US Capitol SO LASERS IN THE CONSERVATION OF ARTWORKS, PROCEEDINGS SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Lasers in the Conservation of Artworks (LACONA VI) CY SEP 21-25, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA AB A large-scale survey (similar to 700 m(2)) of frescoes and wall paintings was undertaken in the US Capitol Building in Washington, DC to identify regions that may need structural repair due to detachment, delamination, or other defects. A common approach for post-processing time series called Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, or POD, was adapted to frequency-domain data in order to extract the essential features of the structure. We present a POD analysis for one of these panels, pinpointing regions that have experienced severe substructural degradation. C1 [Vignola, J.; Bucaro, J.; Tressler, J.; Ellingston, D.] USN, Res Lab, Phys Acoust Branch Code 7136,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kurdila, A.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Adams, G.] Cunningham-Adams, 216 Third St., Washington, DC 20002 USA. [Marchetti, B.; Agnani, A.; Esposito, E.; Tomasini, E. P.] Univ Politec Marche, Dipartimento Meccan, I-60131 Ancona, Italy. RP Vignola, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Phys Acoust Branch Code 7136,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Vignola@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research. FX This work was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 978-3-540-72129-1 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2007 VL 116 BP 499 EP + PG 2 WC Art; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Art; Optics; Physics GA BHF29 UT WOS:000252680500059 ER PT J AU Shaffer, J AF Shaffer, Jason TI Catharine Macaulay and Mercy Otis Warren: The revolutionary Atlantic and the politics of gender. SO LEGACY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Shaffer, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NEBRASKA PRESS PI LINCOLN PA 1111 LINCOLN MALL, LINCOLN, NE 68588-0630 USA SN 0748-4321 J9 LEGACY JI Legacy PY 2007 VL 24 IS 1 BP 130 EP 131 DI 10.1353/leg.2007.0015 PG 2 WC Literature, American SC Literature GA 182QW UT WOS:000247520100007 ER PT B AU Symonds, CL AF Symonds, Craig L. BE Simon, JY Holzer, H Vogel, D TI Lincoln and His Admirals SO LINCOLN REVISITED: NEW INSIGHTS FROM THE LINCOLN FORUM LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Symonds, Craig L.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Symonds, CL (reprint author), Mariners Museum, USS Monitor Ctr, Newport News, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FORDHAM UNIV PRESS PI BRONX PA UNIV BOX L, BRONX, NY 10458 USA BN 978-0-8232-2736-5 PY 2007 BP 195 EP 213 D2 10.5422/fordham/9780823227365.001.0001 PG 19 WC History SC History GA BZB31 UT WOS:000300991000013 ER PT S AU Guenthner, AJ Wright, ME Fallis, S Yandek, GR Petteys, BJ Cash, JJ Zang, DY Gaeta, C Zounes, M AF Guenthner, Andrew J. Wright, Michael E. Fallis, Stephen Yandek, Gregory R. Petteys, Brian J. Cash, Jessica J. Zang, De-Yu Gaeta, Celestino Zounes, Maryann BE Nunzi, JM TI Multi-functional polyimides for tailorable high-performance electro-optical devices - art. no. 66530N SO LINEAR AND NONLINEAR OPTICS OF ORGANIC MATERIALS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Linear and Nonlinear Optics of Organic Materials VII CY AUG 28-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE polyimide; thermoset; cross-linking; polymer waveguide; polymer processing ID POLYMERS AB Progress in the development of a new class of multi-functional polyimides for use in electro-optical devices is reported. These polyimides contain hydroxymethyl-functional side-groups attached to the polymer backbone, allowing for the attachment of a wide variety of molecular species. It is shown that multiple types of organic molecules may be attached to the polymer simultaneously, with a quantitatively controllable distribution, to tailor the physical properties of the material. Methods for cross-linking the polyimides are presented, based on both modification to the backbone and the addition of difunctional additives (such as isocyanates) to solutions of the polymer during spin casting. Processing studies using spectroscopy to track the cross-linking reaction and its effects on organic nonlinear optical materials indicate that the latter method is compatible with poling processes for polymer guest/host systems with high nonlinear optical activities. Further studies using a: novel thermomechanical analysis method demonstrate that the cross-linking reactions increase the glass transition temperature and inhibit physical relaxation processes in the cross-linked guest/host films. C1 USN, Weapons Div, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Guenthner, AJ (reprint author), USN, Weapons Div, Air Warfare Ctr, Code 4L4200D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6801-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6653 BP N6530 EP N6530 DI 10.1117/12.734973 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BGX29 UT WOS:000251082000012 ER PT S AU Guenthner, AJ Lindsay, GA Wright, ME Fallis, S Ashley, PR Sanghadasa, M AF Guenthner, Andrew J. Lindsay, Geoffrey A. Wright, Michael E. Fallis, Stephen Ashley, Paul R. Sanghadasa, Mohan BE Nunzi, JM TI Modeling and prediction of relaxation of polar order in high-activity nonlinear optical polymers - art. no. 66530O SO LINEAR AND NONLINEAR OPTICS OF ORGANIC MATERIALS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Linear and Nonlinear Optics of Organic Materials VII CY AUG 28-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE nonlinear optical polymers; physical relaxation; stretched exponential; Jonscher model ID ELECTROOPTIC POLYMER; CHROMOPHORE; MODULATORS; GHZ AB Mach-Zehnder optical modulators were fabricated using the CLD and FTC chromophores in polymer-on-silicon optical wave,guides. Up to 17 months of oven-ageing stability are reported for the poled polymer films. Modulators containing an FTC-polyimide had the best over all aging performance. To model and extrapolate the ageing data, a relaxation correlation function attributed to A. K. Jonscher was compared to the well-established stretched exponential correlation function. Both models gave a good fit to the data. The Jonscher model predicted a slower relaxation rate in the out years. Analysis showed that collecting data for a longer period relative to the relaxation time was more important for generating useful predictions than the precision with which individual model parameters could be estimated. Thus from a practical standpoint, time-temperature superposition must be assumed in order to generate meaningful predictions. For this purpose, Arrhenius-type expressions were found to relate the model time constants to the ageing temperatures. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Guenthner, AJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 4L4200D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6801-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6653 BP O6530 EP O6530 DI 10.1117/12.734436 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BGX29 UT WOS:000251082000013 ER PT J AU Je, J Kim, OK AF Je, Jongtae Kim, Oh-Kil TI Supramolecular nanodevice based on helical encapsulation of photo/electroactive oligomers SO MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IUPAC International Symposium on Advanced Polymers for Emerging Technologies CY OCT 10-13, 2006 CL Busan, SOUTH KOREA SP IUPAC DE energy/electron transfer; helical amylose; oligomer; supramolecule ID AMYLOSE AB Oligophenylenevinylene (OPV)-based A-D-A chain chromophores were synthesized by symmetrically linking electron- or energy-acceptor units through an alkyl spacer. Phto-induced thru-space electron/energy-transfer (eT/ET) was investigated in the presence and absence of amylose encapsulation with respect to the spacer length (D-A distance) and acceptor strength. Fluorescence quenching of the D-A chromophores suggests that with the helical encapsulation, eT/ET have a discrete D-A distance dependence while the free chromophores have mixed contributions, some from eT but largely from self-quenching due to aggregation and/or solvent deactivation. C1 [Je, Jongtae] USN, Res Lab, Chem Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, Oh-Kil] USN, Res Lab, Inst Nanosci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, OK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Chem Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1360 EI 1521-3900 J9 MACROMOL SYMP JI Macromol. Symp. PY 2007 VL 249 BP 44 EP 49 DI 10.1002/masy.200750307 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 167KS UT WOS:000246451200008 ER PT S AU Apte, UM Nath, HK AF Apte, Uday M. Nath, Hiranya K. BE Apte, U Karmarkar, U TI SIZE, STRUCTURE AND GROWTH OF THE US INFORMATION ECONOMY SO MANAGING IN THE INFORMATION ECONOMY: CURRENT RESEARCH ISSUES SE Annals of Information Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE information economy; primary information sector; secondary information sector; input-output analysis; information services; information workers; information occupations AB This paper presents the results of our empirical research in measuring the size and structure of the U. S. information economy in 1992 and 1997, and in assessing the growth experienced by different industries and sectors since Porat's research on the U. S. information economy in 1967. The study indicates that the share of the information economy in total GNP grew from about 46 percent in 1967 to about 56 percent in 1992, and to 63 percent in 1997. The study further indicates that during this time period the share of service sector information activities in total GNP increased substantially, while the shares of non-service sectors declined correspondingly. The industries displaying the highest growth rates include business services, and medical and educational services. The paper also provides a critical assessment of Porat's methodology and suggests specific improvements that may be made to obtain a more plausible measure of the size and structure of the information economy. C1 [Apte, Uday M.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Nath, Hiranya K.] Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Econ & Intl Business, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. RP Apte, UM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1934-3221 BN 978-0-387-36892-4 J9 ANN INFORM SYST PY 2007 VL 1 BP 1 EP 28 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-36892-4 PG 28 WC Business; Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Business & Economics; Information Science & Library Science GA BLN42 UT WOS:000270584300002 ER PT S AU Karmarkar, US Apte, UM AF Karmarkar, Uday S. Apte, Uday M. BE Apte, U Karmarkar, U TI CURRENT RESEARCH ON MANAGING IN THE INFORMATION ECONOMY Introductory Note SO MANAGING IN THE INFORMATION ECONOMY: CURRENT RESEARCH ISSUES SE Annals of Information Systems LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Karmarkar, Uday S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Anderson Grad Sch Management, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Apte, Uday M.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Karmarkar, US (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Anderson Grad Sch Management, 110 Westwood Plaza,POB 951481, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1934-3221 BN 978-0-387-36892-4 J9 ANN INFORM SYST PY 2007 VL 1 BP VII EP X D2 10.1007/978-0-387-36892-4 PG 4 WC Business; Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Business & Economics; Information Science & Library Science GA BLN42 UT WOS:000270584300001 ER PT S AU Apte, UM Karmarkar, U AF Apte, Uday M. Karmarkar, Uday BE Apte, U Karmarkar, U TI BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING AND "OFF-SHORING": THE GLOBALIZATION OF INFORMATION-INTENSIVE SERVICES SO MANAGING IN THE INFORMATION ECONOMY: CURRENT RESEARCH ISSUES SE Annals of Information Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Information-intensive services are being globalized as corporations take advantage of the opportunities made available by the progress of information technology and respond to the challenge of increasing global competition. After analyzing the role that information technology plays in globalizing information-intensive services, the paper reviews a wide range of illustrative examples where information-intensive services have been globalized. Based on this analysis, the paper proposes a theoretical framework that identifies the criteria and guidelines for successfully selecting service activities to be globalized, and presents guidelines to managers for choosing the appropriate country location. By applying this theoretical framework to the U. S. economy the paper provides a rough estimate of the potential impact of globalized information-intensive services on the labor market in the U. S. The paper also analyzes the geographic distribution of language clusters and presents a conjecture concerning the emerging pattern of global trade in information-intensive services. The paper ends with a brief discussion on the opportunity for conducting further research into this growing and important phenomenon. C1 [Apte, Uday M.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Karmarkar, Uday] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Anderson Sch Management, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Apte, UM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM umapte@nps.edu; ukarmark@anderson.ucla.edu; ukarmark@anderson.ucla.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1934-3221 BN 978-0-387-36892-4 J9 ANN INFORM SYST PY 2007 VL 1 BP 59 EP 81 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-36892-4 PG 23 WC Business; Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Business & Economics; Information Science & Library Science GA BLN42 UT WOS:000270584300004 ER PT S AU Apte, UM Viswanathan, S AF Apte, Uday M. Viswanathan, S. BE Apte, U Karmarkar, U TI A PROACTIVE DEMAND MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR CONTROLLING E-RETAILER INVENTORY SO MANAGING IN THE INFORMATION ECONOMY: CURRENT RESEARCH ISSUES SE Annals of Information Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Retail inventory management; e-retailing; retail supply chain management; inventory control; B2C ecommerce; marketing-operations interface; proactive demand management ID SHELF-SPACE ALLOCATION; PRODUCT ASSORTMENT; SUBSTITUTION; DECISIONS; POLICIES AB The web-based buying process requires the buyer to navigate through a series of web pages. Moreover, the web pages for a particular buyer can be customized based on his general pro. le and previous purchasing behavior. Hence, as compared to a traditional retailer, the e-retailer ( who sells products directly to customers through the Internet) is able to exercise a much greater influence over the demand level for its products. This allows an e-retailer to proactively dampen the demand for a niche product and guide the customers to generic substitutes when the on-hand inventory level is low relative to the sales rate. Use of proactive demand management (PDM) can reduce inventory related costs and improve the overall profits. In this paper, we develop a model for e-retailers exercising PDM by adjusting the display prominence of a product to control its supply chain inventory. The demand realized for the product is deterministic but dependant on the level of prominence with which the product is displayed on the web pages. The model considers two levels of prominence for the product's display. When the product is displayed prominently, all the potential demand is captured. When the product is displayed less prominently, part of the demand for the product is guided to a generic product which has better economies of scale. The price of the product is fixed and there are standard inventory costs such as holding cost, penalty cost and ordering cost. The objective is to maximize the long-run average profits per year. We derive closed form equations for the optimal parameter values for implementing PDM. A numerical analysis is performed to estimate the benefits of PDM. The numerical analysis reveals that PDM can increase profits by as much as 12%. PDM is more beneficial when a larger proportion of the potential demand for the product can be guided to a generic substitute. PDM is a beneficial strategy to adopt when the inventory related costs per unit of demand are significant compared to the profit margin. C1 [Apte, Uday M.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Viswanathan, S.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Nanyang Business Sch, Singapore 639798, Singapore. RP Apte, UM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM umapte@nps.edu; vish@pmail.ntu.edu.sg NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1934-3221 BN 978-0-387-36892-4 J9 ANN INFORM SYST PY 2007 VL 1 BP 355 EP 384 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-36892-4 PG 30 WC Business; Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Business & Economics; Information Science & Library Science GA BLN42 UT WOS:000270584300016 ER PT J AU Rogers, WO AF Rogers, William O. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Plasmodium and Babesia SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; ACRIDINE-ORANGE; VIVAX MALARIA; FIELD-EVALUATION; BLOOD-SAMPLES; TRANSMITTED MALARIA; MICROTI INFECTION; WASHINGTON-STATE; CONTROLLED-TRIAL C1 USN, Parasit Dis Program, Med Res Unit 2, Amer Embassy, FPO, AP 96520 USA. RP Rogers, WO (reprint author), USN, Parasit Dis Program, Med Res Unit 2, Amer Embassy, Unit 8132 NAMRU-2, FPO, AP 96520 USA. NR 93 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 2040 EP 2056 PG 17 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500137 ER PT J AU Kim, GY Yoon, HJ Kim, JW Kim, DC Khim, BK Kim, SY AF Kim, Gil Y. Yoon, Hong J. Kim, Jin W. Kim, Dae C. Khim, Boo K. Kim, Seok Y. TI The effects of microstructure on shear properties of shallow marine sediments SO MARINE GEORESOURCES & GEOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE geotechnical and shear properties; microstructure; SEM; the East Sea ID CARBONATE SEDIMENTS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SOUND-VELOCITY; SEA; CLAY AB This study was undertaken to investigate the implication of geoacoustic behaviors in the shallow marine sediments associated with the changes in geotechnical index properties. Two piston cores ( 270 cm and 400 cm in core length) used in this study were recovered from stations 1 and 2, the western continental margin, the East Sea. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to illustrate the effects of microstructure on shear properties. The direct SEM observation of sediment fabrics is inevitable to understand the correlation of the changes in geoacoustic properties to the sediment structure. The consolidation of sediments by overburden stress resulting in the clay fabric alteration appears to play an important role in changing shear properties. Water contents and porosity of sediments gradually decreases with increasing depth, whereas wet bulk density shows a reverse trend. It is interesting to note that shear wave velocities increase rapidly from 8 to 20m/s while compressional wave velocities significantly fluctuate, ranging from 1450 to 1550m/s with depth. The fabric changes in sediment with increasing depth for example, uniform grain size and well oriented clay fabrics may cause the shear strength increase from 1 to 12 kPa. Shear wave velocity is, therefore, shown to be very sensitive to the changes in undrained strength for unconsolidated marine sediments. This correlation allows an in-situ estimation of shear stress in the subsurface from shear wave velocity data. C1 Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Petr & Marine Resources Div, Taejon 305350, South Korea. Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Satellite Informat Sci, Pusan, South Korea. USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Environm Explorat Engn, Pusan, South Korea. Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Marine Sci, Pusan 609735, South Korea. Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Pusan, South Korea. RP Kim, GY (reprint author), Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Petr & Marine Resources Div, Taejon 305350, South Korea. EM gykim@kigam.re.kr NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-119X J9 MAR GEORESOUR GEOTEC JI Mar. Geores. Geotechnol. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 1 BP 37 EP 51 DI 10.1080/10641190601177564 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Geological; Oceanography; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 146OB UT WOS:000244942800003 ER PT B AU Mason, BD AF Mason, Brian. D. BE StLouis, N Moffat, AFJ TI O type and other hot binaries: Current statistics of the USNO database SO Massive Stars in Interacting Binaries SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Massive Stars in Interacting Binaries CY AUG 16-20, 2004 CL Mauricie, CANADA SP Observatoire Mt Megant, Canadian Inst Theoret Phys ID ICCD SPECKLE OBSERVATIONS; DOUBLE STAR CATALOG; INTERFEROMETRY; SYSTEMS; COMPANIONS; ORBITS; NEBULA AB The first speckle survey of O stars (Mason et al. 1998) conducted on NOAO 4-m telescopes in 1994-6 had success far in excess of our expectations. In addition to the conclusions in the multiplicity analysis, many of the new systems which were first resolved in this paper have very significant astrophysical interest. This updates the statistics from 1998 based on new results from the double star catalogs maintained at the U.S. Naval Observatory. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Mason, BD (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-235-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 367 BP 27 EP 36 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGU15 UT WOS:000250543100003 ER PT J AU Kayagil, TA Richardson, JA Archer, MJ Ligler, FS Erickson, JS AF Kayagil, T. A. Richardson, J. A. Archer, M. J. Ligler, F. S. Erickson, J. S. TI The beadwhacker for maintaining even dispersion of micron-sized beads SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mixer; small instruments; magnetic beads; bead-based extraction ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LC-MS/MS; PLASMA; DEVICE AB This design note describes an automatic device for maintaining an even dispersion of solid phase extraction beads in small volume tubes. The 'beadwhacker' is especially designed for use in laboratories developing interfacial chemistries or immunomagnetic separations. The advantages of the beadwhacker include automatic operation, multiple sample capability and reproducible operation for extended periods of time. Furthermore, the device is completely portable and can be placed into a controlled environment, making it useful not only for the testing of final products but also for the synthesis and chemical modification of the beads themselves. The beadwhacker is low cost and constructed from commercially available parts. Preliminary mixing data are presented. Finally, suggestions are given for additional parts that may be necessary if the beadwhacker is to be incorporated as a module in a larger automated system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kayagil, TA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fligler@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Erickson, Jeffrey/F-6273-2011 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 1 BP N1 EP N4 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/18/1/N01 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 119DS UT WOS:000242993000042 ER PT S AU Marzano, FS Cimini, D Turk, FJ AF Marzano, Frank S. Cimini, Domenico Turk, F. Joseph BE Levizzani, V Bauer, P Turk, FJ TI MULTIVARIATE PROBABILITY MATCHING FOR MICROWAVE INFRARED COMBINED RAINFALL ALGORITHM (MICRA) SO MEASURING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE: EURAINSAT AND THE FUTURE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Rainfall; microwave radiometry; infrared radiometry; satellite sensors; inversion algorithms ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE; PRECIPITATION; RETRIEVAL; RADAR; COMBINATION; SCALE; LINKS; ORBIT AB The proposed Microwave Infrared Combined Rainfall Algorithm (MICRA) is a statistical integration method using the satellite microwave-based rain rate estimates, assumed to be accurate enough, to calibrate space-borne infrared measurements on sufficiently limited subregions and time windows. The proposed methodology is focused on new statistical technique, namely the multivariate probability matching (MPM), aimed at employing both average and texture information as well as multispectral data. The MPM is formulated and analyzed in terms of relative detection and estimation accuracy. Rainfall retrieval is pursued at the space-time scale of typical geostationary observations, that is at a spatial resolution of few kilometers and a repetition period of few tens of minutes. In order to demonstrate the potentiality of MICRA, case studies are also discussed. C1 [Marzano, Frank S.; Cimini, Domenico] Univ Aquila, Ctr Excellence CETEMPS, I-67010 Laquila, Italy. [Turk, F. Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Marzano, Frank S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Elect Engn, I-00184 Rome, Italy. [Cimini, Domenico] Univ Aquila, CETEMPS, I-67010 Laquila, Italy. RP Marzano, FS (reprint author), Univ Aquila, Ctr Excellence CETEMPS, I-67010 Laquila, Italy. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-5835-6 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 269 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6_21 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLI08 UT WOS:000270224000021 ER PT S AU Turk, FJ Mehta, AV AF Turk, F. Joseph Mehta, Amita V. BE Levizzani, V Bauer, P Turk, FJ TI TOWARD IMPROVEMENTS IN SHORT-TIME SCALE SATELLITE-DERIVED PRECIPITATION ESTIMATES USING BLENDED SATELLITE TECHNIQUES SO MEASURING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE: EURAINSAT AND THE FUTURE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Passive microwave; geostationary; visible; infrared; satellite; blended; validation; gauge; NRL; TRMM; AMSR; SSM/I; precipitation; remote sensing; rainfall; rain-rate ID RAINFALL; ALGORITHMS AB This article describes a strategy for blending the intermittently spaced precipitation estimates from various passive microwave sensors onboard low-Earth orbiting meteorological satellites with the observations from rapid time-update coincident geostationary-based visible and infrared imagers. Validation datasets are presented which demonstrate the performance of the technique at 3-hourly time scales, and its capability to capture regional diurnal cycles of precipitation. C1 [Turk, F. Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Mehta, Amita V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore UMBC, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, NASA, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Mehta, Amita V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Turk, FJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-5835-6 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6_22 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLI08 UT WOS:000270224000022 ER PT S AU Torricella, F Levizzani, V Turk, FJ AF Torricella, Francesca Levizzani, Vincenzo Turk, F. Joseph BE Levizzani, V Bauer, P Turk, FJ TI APPLICATION OF A BLENDED MW-IR RAINFALL ALGORITHM TO THE MEDITERRANEAN SO MEASURING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE: EURAINSAT AND THE FUTURE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Torricella, Francesca; Levizzani, Vincenzo] CNR, ISAC, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Turk, F. Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Torricella, F (reprint author), CNR, ISAC, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. RI Levizzani, Vincenzo/A-9070-2013 OI Levizzani, Vincenzo/0000-0002-7620-5235 NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-5835-6 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 497 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6_39 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLI08 UT WOS:000270224000039 ER PT S AU Bender, B AF Bender, Barry BE Tandon, R TI THE EFFECT OF THE FIBER/MATRIX INTERFACE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC-REINFORCED ZIRCONIA PHOSPHATE-BASED MATRIX COMPOSITES SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc,Engn Ceram Div ID FIBER; COATINGS AB Hot-pressed and phosphate-bonded zirconia phosphate-based matrix composites were fabricated for use as a composite faceplate in a sandwich structure radome wall. These composites were reinforced with either mullite whisker-mats or different grades of Nicalon (TM) SiC fibers (Nippon Carbon, Tokyo, Japan). The fibers were either in tow or cloth form and were uncoated or coated with thin debond layers of BN or C. The strength, fracture toughness, and retained up shock strength of the various composites were measured. These results were correlated with the resultant microstructure of the reinforcement/matrix interface. SEM and TEM revealed the presence of a wide variety of interphases including the formation of SiP(2)O(7) reaction layers. The presence of intact debond coatings and semi-porous reaction layers led to composites with better strength and toughness. Degradation of some of these interphases during thermal up shocking of 1200 degrees C led to embrittlement of the composite faceplates. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bender, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08052-8 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 183 EP 194 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BSM90 UT WOS:000284977900018 ER PT S AU Choi, SR Krause, DL AF Choi, Sung R. Krause, David L. BE Tandon, R TI LIFE LIMITING BEHAVIOR OF TWO GAS-TURBINE GRADE SILICON NITRIDES AT INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURE FOR STIRLING CONVERTOR APPLICATIONS SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Engn Ceram Div (ECD) ID FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGE; TENSILE CREEP; CERAMICS; RELIABILITY; STRENGTH AB As a series of material approaches to the development of advanced technology for Stirling convertors for space power applications, two commercial, structural silicon nitrides AS800 and SN282 were downselected. Their life limiting property was characterized through slow crack growth testing in flexure at an intermediate temperature of 1050 degrees C in air. AS800 exhibited both fast-fracture strength and Weibull modulus greater than SN282. However, life limiting phenomenon was apparent in AS800 with a low slow crack growth parameter n = 15; whereas, a much increased resistance to slow crack growth (n >150) was found in SN282. The life limiting property of both silicon nitrides was found to be consistent either in dynamic fatigue (constant stress-rate) loading or in stress rupture (constant stress or static fatigue). C1 [Choi, Sung R.] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Choi, Sung R.; Krause, David L.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Choi, SR (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM sung.choi1@navy.mil FU Advanced Technology Development for Stirling Convertor; NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio FX The authors are grateful to Ralph Pawlik for experimental work. This work was supported by Advanced Technology Development for Stirling Convertor, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08052-8 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 581 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BSM90 UT WOS:000284977900056 ER PT B AU Alexander, PJ Cunningham, BM AF Alexander, Peter J. Cunningham, Brendan M. BE Napoli, PM TI Public and Private Decision Making: The Value of Diversity in News SO MEDIA DIVERSITY AND LOCALISM: MEANING AND METRICS SE LEAs Communication Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COMPETITION C1 [Cunningham, Brendan M.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 978-0-8058-5548-7 J9 LEA COMMUN SER PY 2007 BP 79 EP 96 PG 18 WC Communication; Political Science SC Communication; Government & Law GA BJS17 UT WOS:000267061600005 ER PT B AU Coverdale, CA Deeney, C Jones, B LePell, PD Velikovich, AL Thornhill, JW Apruzese, JP Whitney, KG Clark, RW Davis, J Levine, J Sze, H Banister, J Failor, BH Qi, N Maron, Y AF Coverdale, C. A. Deeney, C. Jones, B. LePell, P. D. Velikovich, A. L. Thornhill, J. W. Apruzese, J. P. Whitney, K. G. Clark, R. W. Davis, J. Levine, J. S. Sze, H. M. Banister, J. W. Failor, B. H. Qi, N. Maron, Y. BE Kiuttu, GF Turchi, PJ Reinovsky, RE TI High current wire array and gas puff implosions on the Z accelerator to produce intense K-shell x-ray emissions SO MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELDS AND HIGH ENERGY LINER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics/International Workshop on High Energy Liners and High Energy Density Applications CY NOV 05-10, 2006 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Megagauss Inst, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol comm ID Z-PINCH IMPLOSIONS; ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS; HIGH-VELOCITY; RADIATION; ALUMINUM; NUMBER; SIMULATIONS; INSTABILITY; TITANIUM; PLASMAS AB Over the last several years, the Z Accelerator has been engaged in research on near-Planckian x-ray sources for inertial confinement fusion and on K-shell emitting sources for radiation-material interaction studies. These radiating z pinches exhibit complex dynamics that have been, and continue to be, studied over a wide range of configurations. In this paper, the progress to date for the production of tens to hundreds of kilojoules of K-shell emission from 8 keV to 3 keV will be presented. Nested wire arrays and multi-shell gas puffs have been employed to help mitigate implosion instabilities and asymmetries to produce x-ray powers of tens of terawatts with emitted x-ray risetimes of a few nanoseconds. Spectroscopy and modeling of these pinches are providing insight into the role of temperature and density gradients and other plasma phenomena in the production of the radiation. Future directions will also be discussed. C1 [Coverdale, C. A.; Deeney, C.; Jones, B.; LePell, P. D.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Velikovich, A. L.; Thornhill, J. W.; Apruzese, J. P.; Whitney, K. G.; Clark, R. W.; Davis, J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Levine, J. S.; Sze, H. M.; Banister, J. W.; Failor, B. H.; Qi, N.] Pulse Sci L3, San Leandro, CA USA. [Maron, Y.] Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Coverdale, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 FU Sandia National Laboratories; Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC0494AL85000] FX The authors would like to acknowledge additional computational and theoretical support from J. Chittenden and M. Haines of Imperial College, S. Rosenthal of Sandia National Laboratories, and S. Chantrenne of Ktech. In addition, the authors would like to acknowledge useful conversations with J.E. Bailey, C. Hall, D.B. Sinars, E. Waisman, and E. Yu of Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC0494AL85000. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2061-2 PY 2007 BP 489 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Engineering; Physics GA BHT64 UT WOS:000256285300067 ER PT S AU Restaino, SR Andrews, J Armstrong, JT Martinez, T Mozurkewich, D Payne, D Wilcox, CC AF Restaino, Sergio R. Andrews, Jonathan Armstrong, J. T. Martinez, Ty Mozurkewich, Dave Payne, Don Wilcox, Christopher C. BE Olivier, SS Bifano, TG Kubby, JA TI MEMs based adaptive optics systems at the naval research laboratory: An update - art. no. 646709 SO MEMS Adaptive Optics SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS Adaptive Optics CY JAN 24-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE MEM; adaptive optics; wavefront compensation; optical interferometry AB The use of adaptive and active optics (AO) is enabling the construction and test of flexible optical systems with performances unprecedented. This flourishing of technical advances is also due to the availability of new technologies that are much lower in cost, much easier to implement and use. Among these new technologies the use of Micro-Electro-Machined (MEM) mirrors is one of the primary sources of innovation. Several groups are actively working in bringing to fruition AO systems based on MEMs technologies and at the same time several groups are working to improve the MEMs technology and tailor it more and more towards various aspects of the AO problems. This technology is especially interesting to the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI) upgrade. In this field several AO systems have to be constructed and operated. It is of the outmost importance that each system has a less complex and costly approach than classical AO systems. C1 Remote Sensing Div, Naval Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), Remote Sensing Div, Naval Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen SE, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6580-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6467 BP 46709 EP 46709 AR 646709 DI 10.1117/12.702851 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGC82 UT WOS:000246079300008 ER PT S AU Andrews, JR Teare, SW Restainol, SR Wick, D Wilcox, CC Martinez, T Payne, DM AF Andrews, Jonathan R. Teare, Scott W. Restainol, Sergio R. Wick, David Wilcox, Christopher C. Martinez, Ty Payne, Don M. BE Olivier, SS Bifano, TG Kubby, JA TI MEMS reflective wavefront sensor - art. no. 64670A SO MEMS Adaptive Optics SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS Adaptive Optics CY JAN 24-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE MEMS; wavefront sensor; adaptive optics AB Sandia National Laboratory has constructed several segmented MEMS deformable mirrors that are under investigation for their suitability in Adaptive Optics systems for the Naval Research Laboratory. These mirrors are constructed in a hexagonal array and have been constructed with flat surfaces, or with optical power allowing each mirror to bring its subaperture of light to a focus similar to a Shack-Hartman array. Each mirror can use the tip, tilt and piston function to move the focused spots to the desired reference location, and the measurement of the applied voltage can be used directly to power a similar flat MEMS deformable mirror. This paper reports on the suitability of this reflective wavefront sensor for closed-loop Adaptive Optics applications. C1 Remote Sensing Div, Naval Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Andrews, JR (reprint author), Remote Sensing Div, Naval Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6580-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6467 BP A4670 EP A4670 AR 64670A DI 10.1117/12.702890 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGC82 UT WOS:000246079300009 ER PT S AU Wilcox, CC Andrews, JR Restaino, SR Teare, SW Martinez, T Payne, DM AF Wilcox, Christopher C. Andrews, Jonathan R. Restaino, Sergio R. Teare, Scott W. Martinez, Ty Payne, Don M. BE Olivier, SS Bifano, TG Kubby, JA TI Testbed for the characterization of MEM devices using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator - art. no. 64670B SO MEMS Adaptive Optics SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS Adaptive Optics CY JAN 24-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE AB Many devices are now being used in Adaptive Optics Systems for compensating atmospheric distortions. We have developed a testbed that simulates atmospheric aberrations using a Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator and the speed in which they vary may be controlled. This system allows the simulation of seeing conditions ranging from very poor to very good and these aberrations to be compensated by a second device. This second device may be a deformable mirror in conjunction with an Adaptive Optics System. Using these two devices simultaneously provides a well-defined quantitative characterization of the system and residual wavefront error using Point Spread Function and interferometric techniques. C1 Remote Sensing Div, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Wilcox, CC (reprint author), Remote Sensing Div, Naval Res Lab, Code 7215, Washington, DC USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6580-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6467 BP B4670 EP B4670 AR 64670B DI 10.1117/12.703157 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGC82 UT WOS:000246079300010 ER PT S AU Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Ferraro, MS Boos, JB Papanicolaou, NA Stepnowski, JL McGill, RA AF Stievater, Todd H. Rabinovich, William S. Ferraro, Mike S. Boos, J. Brad Papanicolaou, Nicolas A. Stepnowski, Jennifer L. McGill, R. Andrew BE Tadigadapa, SA Ghodssi, R Henning, AK TI All-optical micromechanical chemical sensors - art. no. 64640D SO MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications IV CY JAN 22-23, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE MEMS; MOEMS; microresonator; sensor; thermal-mechanical noise ID NANOMECHANICAL RESONATORS; THERMAL NOISE; MICROCANTILEVERS; INTERFEROMETRY; EXPLOSIVES; SYSTEMS; BEAM AB We describe experimental results from micromechanical resonators coated with chemoselective polymers that detect chemical vapors from volatile organic compounds or explosives using all-optical interrogation. The shift in the resonant frequency of a gold microbeam is read-out using photothermal actuation and microcavity interferometry. For detection of toluene vapor, response times of less than 5 seconds are achieved for vapor concentrations as low as 60 ppm. For detection of TNT vapor, concentrations as low as 10 ppb are detected in 100 seconds. An analysis of the measured frequency noise in these sensors shows that it is dominated by thermal-mechanical fluctuations at the fundamental flexural mode. Our measurements thus indicate that thermal-mechanical frequency noise is the primary intrinsic detection limit for typical resonant-frequency MEMS biosensors or chemical vapor sensors. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stievater, TH (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6577-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6464 BP D4640 EP D4640 AR 64640D DI 10.1117/12.700224 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGC81 UT WOS:000246077700012 ER PT S AU Pruessner, MW Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS AF Pruessner, Marcel W. Stievater, Todd H. Rabinovich, William S. BE Tadigadapa, SA Ghodssi, R Henning, AK TI Process development, design and characterization of high-finesse micromachined optical Fabry-Perot microcavities - art. no. 64640N SO MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications IV CY JAN 22-23, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE silicon cryogenic etch; MEMS/MOEMS; Bragg reflectors; Fabry-Perot microcavity; 1-D photonic bandgap ID SILICON AB Micromachined waveguide Fabry-Perot cavities are demonstrated. The devices are fabricated in silicon-on-insulator using a cryogenic dry-etch process, enabling large aspect ratios with high verticality and low surface roughness (<= 10 nm). Details of the process development are presented with emphasis on our specific device application. The Fabry-Perot cavities consist of shallow-etched rib waveguides and deep-etched silicon/air distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirrors. The high-index-contrast mirrors enable large reflectance with only a few mirror periods. High Q-factor (Q approximate to 27,000) and large finesse (F approximate to 500) were measured. We demonstrate thermo-optic tuning over Delta lambda=6.7 nm and also examine modulation of the cavity (f = 150 kHz). Future improvements and application areas of this device are discussed. C1 Naval Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pruessner, MW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6577-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6464 BP N4640 EP N4640 AR 64640N DI 10.1117/12.705901 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGC81 UT WOS:000246077700019 ER PT J AU Doyle, JD Amerault, C Reynolds, CA AF Doyle, James D. Amerault, Clark Reynolds, Carolyn A. TI Sensitivity analysis of mountain waves using an adjoint model SO METEOROLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Adjoint Applications in Dynamic Meteorology CY OCT 08-13, 2006 CL Univ Obergurgl, Tyrol, AUSTRIA SP Univ Obergurgl HO Univ Obergurgl ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; PHYSICAL PROCESSES; PRECIPITATION DATA; CONVECTION SCHEME; SINGULAR VECTORS; FORECAST ERRORS; MESOSCALE MODEL; GROWTH; FLOW; SYSTEM AB An adjoint modeling system developed for the COAMPS nonhydrostatic model is used to explore the sensitivity of lee-side winds to the upstream atmospheric conditions for flow over a two-dimensional obstacle. For relatively small hills in the hydrostatic wave regime, the sensitivity patterns exhibit a dual lobed structure that is a manifestation of a superposition of internal gravity waves with downward-directed energy propagation. Nonhydrostatic waves generated by small terrain have corresponding sensitivities that are tilted vertically against the shear, which when introduced into the flow as perturbations, evolve into structures that resemble vertically decaying evanescent waves. Flow over higher obstacles near the gravity wave breaking threshold exhibits complex sensitivity patterns characterized by a wave-like packet of maxima and minima upstream of the middle- and upper-tropospheric region of wave breaking. In general, as the mountain height is increased, the tangent linear approximation becomes less accurate. However, the strongest nonlinearity occurs for flows very near the wave breaking threshold, rather than fully within the wave breaking regime forced by higher terrain. C1 [Doyle, James D.] USN, Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Amerault, Clark] CNR, Monterey, CA USA. RP Doyle, JD (reprint author), USN, Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM james.doyle@nrlmry.navy.mil OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0941-2948 J9 METEOROL Z JI Meteorol. Z. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 607 EP 620 DI 10.1127/0941-2948/2007/0236 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 245VJ UT WOS:000251966600003 ER PT J AU Xu, L Rosmond, T Goerss, J Chua, B AF Xu, Liang Rosmond, Thomas Goerss, James Chua, Boon TI Toward a weak constraint operational 4D-Var system: application to the Burgers' equation SO METEOROLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Adjoint Applications in Dynamic Meteorology CY OCT 08-13, 2006 CL Univ Obergurgl, Tyrol, AUSTRIA SP Univ Obergurgl HO Univ Obergurgl ID DATA ASSIMILATION; NAVDAS-AR; FORMULATION; DIAGNOSTICS; TESTS; MODEL AB Strong constraint (perfect model assumption) 4D-Var algorithms are increasingly used for synoptic and global scale atmospheric data assimilation at operational numerical weather prediction centers around the world. The data assimilation windows currently range from 6 hours to 12 hours at different centers. It is preferable to have as many independent observations as possible in each data assimilation window under the variational framework. Longer data assimilation windows generally increase the information content from the observations, but also make the perfect model assumption more improper. It is clear that weak constraint (imperfect model assumption) 4D-Var algorithms will be required to properly combine the background forecast with high resolution observations in longer data assimilation windows in the not too distant future. A weak constraint observation space atmospheric 4D-Var system, NAVDAS-AR (NRL Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System - Accelerated Representer), is currently under development at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in Monterey. The impact of the model errors is presented in a residual term resulting from a four-dimensional matrix/vector multiplication of the model error covariance with the adjoint field in the fight hand side of the tangent linear model. The calculation of the residual term is generally very computationally intensive. However, it can be obtained accurately and efficiently when some special choices are made for the model error covariances. In this short contribution we present an approach to include the impact of the model errors in the NAVDAS-AR. The steps involved in this approach are demonstrated through an application to the Burgers' equation. C1 [Xu, Liang; Rosmond, Thomas; Goerss, James] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Xu, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM liang.xu@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0941-2948 J9 METEOROL Z JI Meteorol. Z. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 741 EP 753 DI 10.1127/0941-2948/2007/0246 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 245VJ UT WOS:000251966600015 ER PT J AU Walker, GJ Zouris, J Galarneau, MF Dye, J AF Walker, G. Jay Zouris, James Galarneau, Michael F. Dye, Judy TI Descriptive summary of patients seen at the surgical companies during operation Iraqi Freedom-1 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry is a data repository summarizing information from data sets describing injuries sustained and treatments administered to casualties from the point of injury to rehabilitation. Among the medical facilities contributing data to the Combat Trauma Registry during Operation Iraqi Freedom were the Marine Corps forward surgical companies. The surgical companies offer resuscitative surgery, medical treatment, and temporary holding facilities, in addition to preparing patients for evacuation. This article reviews the types of patients admitted and treatments provided at the surgical companies during the major combat period of Operation Iraqi Freedom. The surgical companies saw an average of 15 to 17 patients per day during this period. Less than 20% of the U.S. casualties seen were wounded in action. In contrast, >75% of the enemy prisoner of war presentations were for battle injuries. Less than 15% of the patients were held at the facilities for >24 hours. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Walker, GJ (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 172 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 125XE UT WOS:000243476000001 PM 17274256 ER PT J AU Trone, DW Villasenor, A Macera, CA AF Trone, Daniel W. Villasenor, Adriana Macera, Caroline A. TI Negative first-term outcomes associated with lower extremity injury during recruit training among female Marine Corps graduates SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 01-04, 2005 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Coll Sports Med ID STRESS-FRACTURES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREDICTORS; MILITARY; NAVY AB This study assessed the impact of lower extremity injuries and stress fractures during recruit training on first-term outcomes among female Marine Corps graduates. Injury data were collected from women recruits at Parris Island, South Carolina (1995-1999) and negative first-term outcomes were obtained from the Career History Archival Medical and Personnel System. The three negative outcomes included (1) failure to complete first-term of service, (2) failure to achieve rank of corporal, and (3) failure to reenlist. Overall, 22% did not complete their first-term enlistment and 12% of those who did were not promoted to corporal. After adjustment for demographic characteristics, not completing first term and not being promoted to corporal were both associated with injuries or stress fracture during training. Reenlistment was not associated with training injuries. Our findings indicate lower extremity injuries among women undergoing Marine Corps recruit training are associated with poor first-term outcomes even among those who graduate. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Trone, DW (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 172 IS 1 BP 83 EP 89 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 125XE UT WOS:000243476000018 PM 17274273 ER PT J AU Brown, GG Washburn, AR AF Brown, Gerald G. Washburn, Alan R. TI The fast theater model (FATHM) SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB FATHM is a large-scale attrition model of two-sided ground combat, including air strikes by Blue on Red. While FATHM has borrowed extensively from other combat models, it also exhibits some unique features, particularly its use of linear programming calls to solve a sequence of air-to-ground engagements that are interspersed among ground-to-ground engagements. In spite of making hundreds of such calls, FATHM can still fight a realistically-scaled theater war in about three minutes on a personal computer. This paper gives the genesis and essential features. C1 [Brown, Gerald G.; Washburn, Alan R.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Brown, GG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. EM gbrown@nps.edu; awashbum@nps.edu NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2007 VL 12 IS 4 BP 33 EP 45 PG 13 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 253NR UT WOS:000252525400004 ER PT J AU Larson, GE Booth-Kewley, S Ryan, MAK AF Larson, Gerald E. Booth-Kewley, Stephanie Ryan, Margaret A. K. TI Tobacco smoking as an index of military personnel quality SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; RISK-FACTORS; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; HEALTH; POPULATION; PREDICTORS; STRESS; MEN AB Previous studies indicate that smokers attrite from military service at significantly higher rates than nonsmokers. The purpose of the current effort is twofold: (a) to examine the implications of treating smoking status as a third military accession quality indicator along with educational credential and mental ability, and (b) to explore preservice psychosocial and health differences between smokers and nonsmokers in support of hypothesis development about reasons for elevated attrition rates in smokers. The results indicate that individuals who smoke tobacco prior to entering military service are almost twice as likely to attrite as nonsmokers, even after statistically controlling for education and mental ability. Moreover, smokers report higher rates of psychosocial and health problems prior to military service. These results support using smoking status as a personnel quality indicator for recruiting and assignment purposes and indicate that smokers, as a group, enter the military with identifiable psychosocial and physical vulnerabilities. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Larson, GE (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM jerry.larson@med.navy.mil NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 4 BP 273 EP 287 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 230RN UT WOS:000250893700003 ER PT S AU Gonzalez, DR Hixon, R Liou, WW Sanford, M AF Gonzalez, David R. Hixon, Ray Liou, William W. Sanford, Matthew BE Schum, K Trevisani, DA TI Acoustic response modeling of energetics systems in confined spaces SO Modeling and Simulation for Military Operations II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling and Simulation for Military Operations II CY APR 10-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE computational aeroacoustics; jet noise; energetics systems ID COMPUTATIONAL AEROACOUSTICS; NOISE AB In recent times, warfighting has been taking place not in far-removed areas but within urban environments. As a consequence, the modern warfighter must adapt. Currently, an effort is underway to develop shoulder-mounted rocket launcher rounds suitable with reduced acoustic signatures for use in such environments. Of prime importance is to ensure that these acoustic levels, generated by propellant burning, reflections from enclosures, etc., are at tolerable levels without requiring excessive hearing protection. Presented below is a proof-of-concept approach aimed at developing a computational tool to aid in the design process. Unsteady, perfectly-expanded-jet simulations at two different Mach numbers and one at an elevated temperature ratio were conducted using an existing computational aeroacoustics code. From the solutions, sound pressure levels and frequency spectra were then obtained. The results were compared to sound pressure levels collected from a live-fire test of the weapon. Lastly, an outline of work that is to continue and be completed in the near future will be presented. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Gonzalez, DR (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6686-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6564 BP U180 EP U191 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Computer Science; Transportation GA BGR59 UT WOS:000250108400019 ER PT S AU Gonzalez, DR Stapf, SP Gebhard, TJ AF Gonzalez, David R. Stapf, Sean P. Gebhard, Thomas J. BE Schum, K Trevisani, DA TI Modeling of Space Shuttle SRB aft ends for inherent aerodynamic bias determination SO Modeling and Simulation for Military Operations II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling and Simulation for Military Operations II CY APR 10-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Space Shuttle solid rocket boosters; computational fluid dynamics; 6DOF modeling AB The Air Force's 45(th) Space Wing is in charge of operating the Range Safety System (RSS) for all launches that take place on the Eastern Range. If initiated, the RSS currently implemented on the Space Transportation System after launch would provide for the partial destruction of the solid rocket boosters (SRBs) to terminate thrust. The majority of the risk from the large explosive debris created comes from the aft ends of the SRBs, which fall largely intact along with the remaining propellant. Historically, no impact data on such a scenario has been available and in support of the Space Shuttle Return-to-Flight schedule, aerodynamic and trajectory analyses were performed to characterize any pitch angle biases associated with the aft end's descent after initiating the linear shaped charges (LSCs) on the SRBs. Results show the aft end has a bias towards impacting at +/- 5, 70, or 175 degrees and takes an average of 10 seconds to stabilize into any one of these orientations after being separated from the SRB forward body. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Prop Branch, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Gonzalez, DR (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Prop Branch, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6686-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6564 BP U192 EP U203 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Computer Science; Transportation GA BGR59 UT WOS:000250108400020 ER PT S AU Navasca, C Krener, AJ AF Navasca, Carmeliza Krener, Arthur J. BE Chiuso, A Ferrante, A Pinzoni, S TI Patchy solutions of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman partial differential equations SO MODELING, ESTIMATION AND CONTROL: FESTSCHRIFT IN HONOR OF GIORGIO PICCI ON THE OCCASION OF THE SIXTY-FIFTH BIRTHDAY SE Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Modeling, Estimation and Control held in Honor of Giorgio Picci on the 60th Birthday CY OCT 04-05, 2007 CL Venice, ITALY SP Univ Padova, Dept Informat Engn ID SYSTEMS C1 [Navasca, Carmeliza] CNRS, ETIS Lab, UMR 8051, 6 Ave Ponceau, F-95014 Cergy Pontoise, France. [Navasca, Carmeliza; Krener, Arthur J.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Krener, AJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM cnavasca@gmail.com; ajkrener@nps.edu FU NSF [0505677] FX Research supported in part by NSF grant 0505677. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0170-8643 BN 978-3-540-73569-4 J9 LECT NOTES CONTR INF PY 2007 VL 364 BP 251 EP + PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BGT68 UT WOS:000250428800020 ER PT J AU Medintz, IL Vora, GJ Rahbar, AM Thach, DC AF Medintz, Igor L. Vora, Gary J. Rahbar, Amir M. Thach, Dzung C. TI Transcript and proteomic analyses of wild-type and gpa2 mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains suggest a role for glycolytic carbon source sensing in pseudohyphal differentiation SO MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID GLUCOSE-INDUCED INACTIVATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MALTOSE PERMEASE; FUNGAL DEVELOPMENT; PROTEIN-KINASE; CATABOLITE REPRESSION; INVASIVE GROWTH; GENE-EXPRESSION; YEAST-CELLS; MAP KINASE AB In response to limited nitrogen and abundant carbon sources, diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains undergo a filamentous transition in cell growth as part of pseudohyphal differentiation. Use of the disaccharide maltose as the principal carbon source, in contrast to the preferred nutrient monosaccharide glucose, has been shown to induce a hyper-filamentous growth phenotype in a strain deficient for GPA2 which codes for a G alpha protein component that interacts with the glucose-sensing receptor Gpr1p to regulate filamentous growth. In this report, we compare the global transcript and proteomic profiles of wild-type and Gpa2p deficient diploid yeast strains grown on both rich and nitrogen starved maltose media. We find that deletion of GPA2 results in significantly different transcript and protein profiles when switching from rich to nitrogen starvation media. The results are discussed with a focus on the genes associated with carbon utilization, or regulation thereof, and a model for the contribution of carbon sensing/metabolism- based signal transduction to pseudohyphal differentiation is proposed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,SW 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Imedintz@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil OI Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597 NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1742-206X EI 1742-2051 J9 MOL BIOSYST JI Mol. Biosyst. PY 2007 VL 3 IS 9 BP 623 EP 634 DI 10.1039/b704199c PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 199YQ UT WOS:000248731500007 PM 17700863 ER PT J AU Schmidt, PP AF Schmidt, P. P. TI The intramolecular tunnelling of hydrogen SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE intramolecular tunnelling; hydrogen; malonaldehyde; local anharmonic states of motion ID OSCILLATOR WAVE-FUNCTIONS; GAUSSIAN MODEL POTENTIALS; PERTURBATION THEORY; MALONALDEHYDE; INVERSION; AMMONIA; VIBRATIONS; MOLECULES; SYSTEMS AB This paper reports an approach to the analysis of the local anharmonic states of motion and tunnelling of hydrogen illustrated with the molecule malonaldehyde. A potential energy function is used accurately to fit the local potential energy surface. The basis fitting functions in the potential resemble the Morse basis function, 1 - exp(-a(r-r(0))), but are intrinsically Gaussian: 1 - exp(-a(r(2)-r(0)(2))). After rearrangement to isolate the Gaussian operators, the new form of the potential allows the direct use of mathematically friendly ( Gaussian) manipulations that are needed to carry out the quantum mechanical analysis of the anharmonic features, namely tunnelling. The quantal analysis uses Cartesian harmonic oscillator basis functions together with the Talmi-Moshinsky-Smirnov methods to evaluate matrix elements of the potential energy operator. The longer term objective of this kind of work is to develop practical methods of hybrid analysis with which to treat the local atom dynamics associated with a reactive species while the rest of the dynamics are modelled as simple harmonic oscillators. The goal is eventually to have a computational theory of proton/hydrogen or small molecular group transfer reactions in condensed-phase systems. This paper addresses only the detailed local dynamical analysis. C1 Div Mat Sci, Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Schmidt, PP (reprint author), Div Mat Sci, Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM schmidp@onr.navy.mil NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PY 2007 VL 105 IS 9 BP 1217 EP 1237 DI 10.1080/00268970701311186 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 199HA UT WOS:000248685600012 ER PT J AU Schmidt, PP AF Schmidt, P. P. TI On the construction of hybrid potential energy functions for the treatment of local anharmonicity in molecular vibrations SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE hybrid; potential; energy; molecular; vibration ID CONSTANTS AB This paper reports a process by which a local, accurate, and intrinsically anharmonic potential function may be joined with a larger harmonic oscillator representation of the remainder of a molecule to build a hybrid potential energy function. Such functions find use in chemical dynamics in which there is local anharmonic bond breaking and forming, but the remainder of the molecular system behaves essentially as a set of harmonic oscillators. In constructing such a potential, for malonaldehyde as an example, it is assumed that the harmonic-limit potential can be found for the system using a given data set of the Cartesian forces and force constants derived with the use of a computational quantum chemistry program. The Pulay transformation is used to establish a set of internal coordinate forces and force constants consistent with the local model potential function. The success (i. e. faithfulness) of the construction of the hybrid potential strongly depends on the choice of internal coordinates. The Pulay transformation together with the vibrational projection analysis of Grafton and Wheeler allows one to see the strengths or weaknesses of particular choices of internal coordinates. C1 [Schmidt, P. P.] Off Naval Res, Div Sci Mat, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Schmidt, PP (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Div Sci Mat, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM ppschmidt@verizon.net NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PY 2007 VL 105 IS 19-22 BP 2805 EP 2817 DI 10.1080/00268970701647969 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 242UH UT WOS:000251751200033 ER PT J AU Nuss, WA AF Nuss, Wendell A. TI Synoptic-scale structure and the character of coastally trapped wind reversals SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID STATES WEST-COAST; KELVIN WAVES; WARM-SEASON; EVOLUTION; LAYER AB Coastally trapped wind reversals that occur along the U.S. West Coast have been described in numerous other studies. The synoptic-scale environment and the forcing of a coastally trapped Kelvin wave are highly linked in the development of these wind reversals. However, not all wind reversals appear to behave like propagating Kelvin waves and the analysis of coastal buoy observations for three years indicates that different types of disturbances occur. Both propagating disturbances and nonpropagating disturbances occur with similar frequencies. While the synoptic-scale characteristics associated with propagating and nonpropagating wind reversals are sometimes rather subtle, several distinct differences occur that suggest a direct link between the coastal dynamics and the synoptic-scale forcing. Synoptic forcing characterized by persistent low-level offshore flow favors the development of propagating disturbances, while weak, nonsustained offshore flow characterizes nonpropagating disturbances. These differences support the idea that propagating events represent a favorable interaction between the synoptic-scale forcing and the excitation and propagation of Kelvin waves, whereas nonpropagating events either represent a less favorable interaction or are simply trapped ageostrophic flow due to the synoptic scale without a Kelvin wave response. These dynamic differences imply different stratus behavior, which is important to forecasters. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nuss, WA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM nuss@nps.edu NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 135 IS 1 BP 60 EP 81 DI 10.1175/MWR3267.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 125FZ UT WOS:000243429100004 ER PT J AU Arnold, CB Pique, A AF Arnold, Craig B. Pique, Alberto TI Laser direct-write processing SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND LASER; TRANSPARENT MATERIALS; EXCIMER-LASER; THIN-FILMS; FABRICATION; DEPOSITION; ELEMENTS; GLASS AB Direct-write techniques enable computer-controlled two- and three-dimensional pattern formation in a serial fashion. Among these techniques, the versatility offered by laser-based direct-write methods is unique, given their ability to add, remove, and modify different types of materials without physical contact between a tool or nozzle and the material of interest. Laser pulses used to generate the patterns can be manipulated to control the composition, structure, and even properties of individual three-dimensional volumes of materials across length scales spanning six orders of magnitude, from nanometers to millimeters. Such resolution, combined with the ability to process complex or delicate material systems, enables laser direct-write tools to fabricate structures that are not possible to generate using other serial or parallel fabrication techniques. The goal of the articles in this issue of MRS Bulletin is to illustrate the range of materials processing capabilities, fundamental research opportunities, and commercially viable applications that can be achieved using recently developed laser direct-write techniques. We hope that the articles provide the reader with a fresh perspective on the challenges and opportunities that these powerful techniques offer for the fabrication of novel devices and structures. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USN, Res Lab, Elect & Opt Mat & Dev Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Arnold, CB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 1 Olden St, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM cbarnold@princeton.edu; pique@nrl.navy.mil NR 30 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 9 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 9 EP 12 DI 10.1557/mrs2007.9 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 129MI UT WOS:000243733200012 ER PT J AU Arnold, CB Serra, P Pique, A AF Arnold, Craig B. Serra, Pere Pique, Alberto TI Laser direct-write techniques for printing of complex materials SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID METAL-DEPOSITION; PROTEIN MICROARRAYS; ION MICROBATTERIES; EXCIMER-LASER; CELLS; FILMS; PATTERNS; LAYER; COMPONENTS; MECHANISM AB This article reviews recent developments in laser direct-write addition (LDW+) processes for printing complex materials. Various applications, ranging from small-scale energy storage and generation devices to tissue engineering, require the ability to deposit precise patterns of multicomponent and multiphase materials without degrading desirable properties such as porosity, homogeneity, or biological activity. Structurally complex inorganic materials for the successful fabrication of alkaline and lithium-based microbatteries, micro-ultracapacitors, and dye-sensitized micro solar cells are shown on various low-processing-temperature and flexible substrates using LDW+. In particular, the ability to deposit thick layers while maintaining pattern integrity allows devices produced in this manner to exhibit higher energy densities per unit area than can be achieved by traditional thin-film techniques. We then focus on more complex systems of living and biologically active materials. Patterns of biomaterials such as proteins, DNA, and even living cells can be printed using LDW+ with high spatial and volumetric resolution on the order of a picoliter or less, without compromising the viability of these delicate structures. These results provide for highly selective sensor arrays or cell seeding for tissue engineering. Finally, we review recent work on LDW+ of entire semiconductor circuits, showing the broad range of applications this technique enables. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Barcelona, Appl Phys & Opt Dept, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. USN, Res Lab, Elect & Opt Mat & Dev Sect, Div Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Arnold, CB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 1 Olden St, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. OI Serra, Pere/0000-0002-0676-1447 NR 53 TC 198 Z9 199 U1 2 U2 71 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1557/mrs2007.11 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 129MI UT WOS:000243733200014 ER PT S AU Wolff, MT Becker, PA Wolfram, KD AF Wolff, Michael T. Becker, Peter A. Wolfram, Kenneth D. BE Antonelli, LA Israel, GL Piersanti, L Tornambe, A TI Comptonization and the spectra of accretion-powered X-ray pulsars SO MULTICOLORED LANDSCAPE OF COMPACT OBJECTS AND THEIR EXPLOSIVE ORIGINS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multicolored Landscape of Compact Objects and Their Explosive Origins CY JUN 11-18, 2006 CL Cefalu, ITALY SP Natl Inst Astrophys, Astron Observ Rome, Astron Observ Teramo, Astron Observ Cagliari, Univ Palermi, Dept Phys & Astron Sci, MIUR, Cefalu Local Council, Fond Mandralisca DE neutron stars; accretion; X-rays; comptonization; radiation-dominated shocks ID MAGNETIZED NEUTRON-STARS; INFALLING PLASMA; TIMING-EXPLORER; DECELERATION; ATMOSPHERES; DISCOVERY; CENTAURUS AB Accretion-powered X-ray pulsars are among the most luminous X-ray sources in the Galaxy. However, despite decades of theoretical and observational work since their discovery, no satisfactory model for the formation of the observed X-ray spectra has emerged. In this paper, we report on a self-consistent calculation of the spectrum emerging from a pulsar accretion column that includes an explicit treatment of the bulk and thermal Comptonization occurring in the radiation-dominated shocks that form in the accretion flows. Using a rigorous eigenfunction expansion method, we obtain a closed-form expression for the Green's function describing the upscattering of monochromatic radiation injected into the column. The Green's function is convolved with bremsstrahlung, cyclotron, and blackbody source terms to calculate the emergent photon spectrum. We show that energization of photons in the shock naturally produces an X-ray spectrum with a relatively flat continuum and a high-energy exponential cutoff. Finally, we demonstrate that our model yields good agreement with the spectra of the bright pulsar Her X-1 and the low luminosity X Per. C1 [Wolff, Michael T.; Wolfram, Kenneth D.] USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Becker, Peter A.; Wolfram, Kenneth D.] George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Wolff, MT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NASA; Office of Naval Research FX This research was funded by NASA and the Office of Naval Research.- NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0434-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 924 BP 496 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGW72 UT WOS:000250989500003 ER PT J AU Callahan, M AF Callahan, Mary BE Skidmore, M Wilson, T TI Of kyay-zu and kyet-su: the military in 2006 SO MYANMAR: THE STATE, COMMUNITY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Callahan, Mary] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Callahan, Mary] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Callahan, M (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV PI CANBERRA ACT PA P O BOX 4, 2600 CANBERRA ACT, AUSTRIA BN 978-1-921313-37-0 PY 2007 BP 36 EP 53 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Political Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA BVE31 UT WOS:000291261500004 ER PT J AU Areshkin, DA Gunlycke, D White, CT AF Areshkin, Denis A. Gunlycke, Daniel White, Carter T. TI Ballistic transport in graphene nanostrips in the presence of disorder: Importance of edge effects SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; RIBBONS; STATES AB Stimulated by recent advances in isolating graphene and similarities to single-wall carbon nanotubes, simulations were performed to assess the effects of static disorder on the conductance of metallic armchair- and zigzag-edge graphene nanostrips. Both strip types were found to have outstanding ballistic transport properties in the presence of a substrate-induced disorder. However, only the zigzag-edge strips retain these properties in the presence of irregular edges, making them better initial synthetic targets for ballistic device applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP White, CT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM carter.white@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 354 Z9 356 U1 9 U2 79 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 BP 204 EP 210 DI 10.1021/nl062132h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 124PK UT WOS:000243381300036 PM 17212465 ER PT S AU Glembocki, OJ Rendell, RW Prokes, SM Alexson, DA Mastro, MA Badescu, SC Fu, A AF Glembocki, O. J. Rendell, R. W. Prokes, S. M. Alexson, D. A. Mastro, M. A. Badescu, S. C. Fu, A. BE Dhar, NK Dutta, AK Islam, MS TI Dielectric and geometric properties of plasmonics in metal/dielectric nanowires composites used in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy - art. no. 676802 SO NANOMATERIALS SYNTHESIS, INTERFACING, AND INTEGRATING IN DEVICES, CIRCUITS, AND SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanomaterials Synthesis, Interfacing, and Integrating in Devices, Circuits, Systems II CY SEP 09-11, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE surface enhanced Raman scattering; dielectric properties; geometric properties; electric field hot spots; Ag coated Ga2O3 nanowires; sensing ID SILVER ELECTRODE; SCATTERING SERS; MOLECULES; PYRIDINE; SPECTRA AB Finite elements calculations have been performed of the surface enhanced Raman (SERS) activity of Ag coated dielectric nanowires. It is shown that the SERS fields and the angle of the peak field from intersecting nanowires can be changed through the angle of the nanowires. In addition, it is shown that the strength of the SERS enhancement and its spatial profile depend on whether the nanowires are in free space or on a substrate. Experimental data for benzene thiol on dielectric coated nanowires is shown to support the calculations. These results demonstrate the importance of geometry and local environment on electric field hot spots in the SERS process. C1 [Glembocki, O. J.; Rendell, R. W.; Prokes, S. M.; Alexson, D. A.; Mastro, M. A.; Badescu, S. C.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Glembocki, OJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6928-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6768 BP 76802 EP 76802 DI 10.1117/12.751384 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHJ13 UT WOS:000253481500001 ER PT S AU Prokes, SM Park, HD Glembocki, OJ Alexson, D Rendell, RW AF Prokes, S. M. Park, H. D. Glembocki, O. J. Alexson, D. Rendell, R. W. BE Dhar, NK Dutta, AK Islam, MS TI Formation of ordered and disordered dielectric/metal nanowire arrays and their plasmonic behavior - art. no. 67680E SO NANOMATERIALS SYNTHESIS, INTERFACING, AND INTEGRATING IN DEVICES, CIRCUITS, AND SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanomaterials Synthesis, Interfacing, and Integrating in Devices, Circuits, Systems II CY SEP 09-11, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE dielectric and semiconductor nanowires; VLS growth; Raman spectroscopy; SERS ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY AB We have recently shown that dielectric/metal composite nanowires can exhibit very strong surface enhanced Raman (SERS) signals, when arranged in a random 3D geometry. Since we believe that the intersections of nanowires are critical in generating the high electric fields necessary for this enhancement, we are investigating this effect under more controlled conditions. Thus, we will discuss the formation of nanowire arrays by in-situ growth, achieved by the control of nanowire material/substrate combination, as well as ex-situ nanowire array formation involving e-beam lithography. The effects of nanowire geometry and the resulting SERS behavior show the importance of the dielectric/metal configuration, as well as the importance of nanowire geometry in the SERS effect. C1 [Prokes, S. M.; Glembocki, O. J.; Rendell, R. W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Prokes, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6928-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6768 BP E7680 EP E7680 DI 10.1117/12.752203 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHJ13 UT WOS:000253481500010 ER PT S AU Alexson, DA Glembocki, OJ Prokes, SM Rendell, RW Badescu, SC Onuegbu, J Hosten, CM AF Alexson, D. A. Glembocki, O. J. Prokes, S. M. Rendell, R. W. Badescu, S. C. Onuegbu, J. Hosten, C. M. BE Dhar, NK Dutta, AK Islam, MS TI The role of surface adsorption in surface-enhanced Raman scattering from Benzene thiols - art. no. 67680S SO NANOMATERIALS SYNTHESIS, INTERFACING, AND INTEGRATING IN DEVICES, CIRCUITS, AND SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanomaterials Synthesis, Interfacing, and Integrating in Devices, Circuits, Systems II CY SEP 09-11, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE surface enhanced Raman scattering; ag coated nanostructures; chemical sensing; thiols ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SILVER ELECTRODE; SPECTROSCOPY; GOLD; 1,4-BENZENEDITHIOL; MOLECULES; PYRIDINE; SPECTRA; PROBE; SERS AB The origins of the surface-enhanced Raman (SERS) effect have been widely studied and are generally accepted as understood. However, there is still a need to provide a satisfactorily complete model which addresses the well known phenomena in which some molecules exhibit weak or even no SERS response at all. The relative intensities of vibrational modes observed in SERS can depend strongly on the mechanism of surface adsorption, such as bond type (covalent/noncovalent) and number of covalent bonds. Thus, in this experimental study the role of surface adsorption in surface-enhanced Raman scattering is investigated. A simple group of Benzene thiols was chosen to facilitate comparison with theoretical models. Experimental results with consideration towards surface bond strengths and reduction in degrees of freedom due to single and multiple surface bonds is presented and their effect on the relative intensities and positions of observed vibrational modes observed in the SERS spectra are discussed. The relative stability of molecules in the presence of nanostructures exhibiting strong and weak local electric fields will also be presented and discussed. C1 [Alexson, D. A.; Glembocki, O. J.; Prokes, S. M.; Rendell, R. W.; Badescu, S. C.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Alexson, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6928-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6768 BP S7680 EP S7680 DI 10.1117/12.752592 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHJ13 UT WOS:000253481500016 ER PT J AU Holmes, JJ AF Holmes, John J. TI Application of models in the design of underwater electromagnetic signature reduction systems SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The susceptibilities of surface ships and submarines to electromagnetic influence mines and detection systems are generally determined with the aid of mathematical and physical scale models of the vessel's underwater field signatures. In addition, they are the primary tools used in the design of signature reduction systems. However, limitations of model accuracy need to be recognized and identified through verification and validation, and they should not be used blindly as a substitute for critical engineering analysis. The proper use of underwater electromagnetic field models of naval vessels in designing signature reduction systems will be presented. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Underwater Electromagnet Signatures & Technol Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Holmes, JJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Underwater Electromagnet Signatures & Technol Div, Washington, DC USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2007 VL 119 IS 4 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2007.00083.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 258KZ UT WOS:000252868100002 ER PT J AU McCauley, ME Pierce, EC Matsagas, P AF McCauley, Michael E. Pierce, Eric C. Matsagas, Panayiotis TI The high-speed navy: Vessel motion influences on human performance SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SICKNESS AB This paper presents the recent results from an ongoing analysis of the effects of high-speed naval operations on the performance, comfort, and safety of crew and passengers. A 127-m trimaran, the Benchijigua Express, which is similar in bull design to the General Dynamics Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) vessel, was investigated for motion-induced interruptions, motion sickness, and biodynamic feed-through to manual tasks. Data were obtained on two 2-hour transits per day for a total of 86 transits during February and March 2006. Survey questionnaires were obtained from nearly 2,000 passengers. The motion effects on manual dexterity were negligible, but motion sickness symptoms were reported by a majority of the passengers. The capability to manage the motion sickness issue for unadapted passengers may be important for the effective use of LCS to transport ground combatants and for Sea Basing concepts. C1 Naval Postgraduate Sch, Dept Operat Res, Human Syst Integrat Grp, Monterey, CA USA. Naval Postgraduate Sch, Modeling Virtual Environm & Simulat Inst, Monterey, CA USA. NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NSWC, Panama City, FL USA. RP McCauley, ME (reprint author), Naval Postgraduate Sch, Dept Operat Res, Human Syst Integrat Grp, Monterey, CA USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 BP 35 EP 44 DI 10.1111/j.0028-1425.2007.00002.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 226RL UT WOS:000250606100006 ER PT J AU Keane, RG Scher, RM Piskorski, R AF Keane, Robert G., Jr. Scher, Robert M. Piskorski, Ryszard TI Toward a lightweight design philosophy for High-Speed Sealift Ships SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The US Navy's new Center for Innovation in Ship Design (CISD) completed in 2004 a Concept Formulation (CONFORM) study, under the sponsorship of the Naval Sea Systems Command, of a lightweight Hi,,rh-Speed Sealift (HSS) Ship as part of the Navy's Sea Basing concept studies. The objective of the ship CONFORM study was to develop design concepts that would reduce weight in order to facilitate higher speeds. These lightweight design concepts were looked at in the context of total-ship concepts. CISD investigated both near-term product and process technologies, where the Navy would have enough confidence to begin the design of a lightweight high-speed ship within S years. Importance was given to developing a lightweight, high-speed design philosophy consisting of a Sea Basing "System of Systems" (SOS) approach driven by a Concept of Operations (CONOPS). This top-down approach, or systems architecting, included functional analyses to determine necessary military capabilities, functional allocation of these capabilities to the various component systems of the Sea Basing System, and concept design analyses to determine the best total ship architecture for a lightweight, HSS ship. Concurrent with the SOS top-down approach was a bottom-up approach of assessing emerging technologies that would enable optimum total ship architectures for lightweight, high-speed ships. The ship CONFORM study was conducted by the Light Weight, Total Ship Architecture, Design Concepts Innovation Cell, a multi-disciplinary team comprised of ship designers, structural engineers, shipbuilders, and student interns. By applying a top-down, systems engineering Process of functional analysis and functional allocation, the Innovation Cell quickly learned that the easiest way to reduce ship weight was to allocate ship functions to the Sea Base through Operational Innovations. The authors highlight that many traditional shipboard systems and equipment that a transport ship would normally carry to provide necessary services aboard the ship would have to be located on and provided by the Sea Base. Also, the derivation, rationale, and validity of every explicit and derived design requirement were questioned. Because hull structure is the largest contributor to full-load displacement, emphasis was placed on taking advantage of new manufacturing technologies and joining methods such as laser welding to enable the development of near-term, innovative, and lightweight structural design concepts such as sandwich panels. The authors discuss the significant weight reductions and cost/producibility aspects of these innovative structural design concepts, as well as the results of a peer review by the Navy's technical authorities. In addition to describing this lightweight, high-speed design philosophy, rationate is also presented that leads to the overwhelming conclusion for the need to develop a near-term, lightweight, high-speed, oceangoing Innovative Naval Prototype ship. Technical aspects of the prototype ship are presented to support the objective to capitalize on large-scale, transformational system technologies, such as long slender stabilized monohull forms, 60-70-MW axial flow waterjets, and lightweight structures, in order to resolve important technical and operational problems that will enable significant gains in Sea Basing warfare capabilities. C1 [Scher, Robert M.] USN, Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC 20350 USA. [Piskorski, Ryszard] Gdansk Univ Technol, Dept Ocean Engn & Ship Technol, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. RP Keane, RG (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2007 VL 119 IS 4 BP 37 EP 63 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2007.00085.x PG 27 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 258KZ UT WOS:000252868100004 ER PT J AU Drake, KJ Campbell, SL Andjelkovic, I Sweetingham, K AF Drake, Kimberly J. Campbell, Stephen L. Andjelkovic, Ivan Sweetingham, Kelly TI Model-based failure detection on Nonlinear systems: Theory and transition SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Failure detection is an active area of Navy researcb due to its many important applications. Recently, an approach for multi-model identification and fault detection in the Presence of bounded energy noise over finite time intervals has been introduced. This family of algorithms was originally designed to work on linear systems that can be modeled analytically. In this paper, efforts made toward extending this algorithm for fault detection to nonlinear systems along with efforts in testing this family of algorithms on real systems are discussed. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Unisys, Malvern, PA USA. RP Drake, KJ (reprint author), NAVSEA, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2007 VL 119 IS 2 BP 93 EP 107 DI 10.1111/j.0028-1425.2007.00022.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 236MO UT WOS:000251307300008 ER PT J AU Mack, DD Higgins, LA Shattuck, LG AF Mack, Demetrius D. Higgins, Leon A. Shattuck, Lawrence G. TI Applying human systems integration to the rapid acquisition process SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The rapidly changing complexity of the Global War on Terrorism has changed the approach to equipping forward-deployed military forces. Combatant Commanders conducting operations now require timely materiel solutions to enhance mission capabilities and reduce the risk for individual soldiers. To address this challenge, the US Army established the Rapid Equipping Force to assess emerging requirements, to propose solutions to those requirements, and to implement those solutions in an expedient time frame. Unfortunately, the REF lacks a consistent analytical methodology for assessing alternative materiel solutions. To address the need for a human systems integration (HSI) analysis method, the authors developed an Assessment-Based Rapid Acquisition HSI Analysis Method (ABRAHAM) capable of generating tailored surveys and evaluating these surveys for unacceptable risks to soldiers. To validate ABRAHAM's concept and content, ABRAHAM was showcased in three Department of Defense settings: the Human Factors Engineering Technical Advisory Group, the REF, and the US Marine Corps' Operational Test and Evaluation Activity. The ABRAHAM appears to fill a gap in the current library of HSI tools. Based on the feedback provided during the product showcases, there is sufficient interest and technological maturity to further develop ABRAHAM to serve both the traditional and rapid acquisition processes. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Mack, DD (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 BP 97 EP 108 DI 10.1111/j.0028-1425.2007.00008.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 226RL UT WOS:000250606100012 ER PT J AU Harney, RC AF Harney, Robert C. TI Fighting dirty! Sustaining operations in a CBRN environment SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) has identified problems with, the way in which the Department of Defense addresses the growing threat of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) weapons. This article describes the conclusions and recommendations of the GAO report. It further analyzes the CBRN threat, the past response of the US Navy to the threat, and bow that threat may affect future naval operations. The impact of the potential threat on warship design and performance is discussed. An ad hoc set of design guidelines that can minimize the impact of future threat developments on warsbip performance is presented. C1 [Harney, Robert C.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Harney, RC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2007 VL 119 IS 3 BP 107 EP 121 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2007.00071.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 245IQ UT WOS:000251928700006 ER PT J AU Kennedy, JS McCauley, ME AF Kennedy, Joshua S. McCauley, Michael E. TI A human-automation interface model to guide automation design of system functions SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A major component of the US Army's Future Combat Systems (FCS) will be a fleet of eight different manned ground vehicles (MGV). There are promises that "advanced automation" will accomplish many of the tasks formerly performed by soldiers in legacy vehicle systems. However, the current approach to automation design does not relieve the soldier operator of tasks; rather, it changes the role of the soldiers and the work they must do, often in ways unintended and unanticipated. This paper proposes a coherent, top-down, overarching approach to the design of a human-automation interaction model. First, a qualitative model is proposed to drive the functional architecture and human-automation interface scheme for the MGV fleet. Second, the proposed model is applied to a portion of the functional flow of the common crew station on the MGV fleet. Finally, the proposed model is demonstrated quantitatively via a computational task-network modeling program (Improved Performance Research and Integration Tool). The modeling approach offers insights into the impacts on human task-loading, workload, and human performance. Implications for human systems integration domains are discussed, including Manpower and Personnel, Human Factors Engineering, Training, System Safety, and Soldier Survivability. The proposed model gives engineers and scientists a top-down approach to explicitly define and design the interactions between proposed automation schemes and the human crew. Although this paper focuses on the Army's FCS MGV fleet, the model and analytical processes proposed, or similar approaches, are appropriate for many manned systems in multiple domains (aviation, space, maritime, ground transportation, manufacturing, etc.). C1 ARL HRED, Adelphi, MD USA. AMCOM Field Element, PEO Aviat, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA USA. RP Kennedy, JS (reprint author), ARL HRED, Adelphi, MD USA. EM josb-kennedy@us.army.mil; memccaul@nps.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 BP 109 EP 124 DI 10.1111/j.0028-1425.2007.00009.x PG 16 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 226RL UT WOS:000250606100013 ER PT S AU D'Andrea, JA Ziriax, JM Adair, ER AF D'Andrea, John A. Ziriax, John M. Adair, Eleanor R. BE Sharma, HS TI Radio frequency electromagnetic fields: mild hyperthermia and safety standards SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF HYPERTHERMIA SE Progress in Brain Research LA English DT Review DE behavioral; dosimetry; electromagnetic fields; mild hyperthermia; radio frequency; safety standards; thermoregulatory ID MICROWAVE-RADIATION ABSORPTION; EVOKED WARMTH SENSATIONS; AUDITORY SYSTEM RESPONSE; HUMAN VOLUNTEERS; HUMAN EXPOSURE; RF EXPOSURE; THERMOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; RADIOFREQUENCY ENERGY; SQUIRREL-MONKEYS; OPERANT-BEHAVIOR AB This chapter is a short review of literature that serves as the basis for current safe exposure recommendations by ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, 1998) and the IEEE C95.1 (IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz, 2005) for exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMF). Covered here are topics on dosimetry, thermoregulatory responses, behavioral responses, and how these have been used to derive safe exposure limits for humans to RF-EMF. Energy in this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, 3 kHz-300 GHz, can be uniquely absorbed and is different from ionizing radiation both in dosimetry and effects. The deposition of thermalizing energy deep in the body by exposure to RF-EMF fields provides a unique exception to the energy flows normally encountered by humans. Behavioral effects of RF-EMF exposure range from detection to complete cessation of trained behaviors. RF-EMF is detectable and can in most cases, presumably by thermal mechanisms, support aversion and disruption or complete cessation (work stoppage) of behavior. Safety standards are based on behavioral responses by laboratory animals to RF-EMF, enhanced by careful studies of human thermoregulatory responses at four specific RF frequencies, thereby providing a conservative level of protection from RF-EMF for humans. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Directed Energy Bioeffects Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Hamden, CT 06517 USA. RP D'Andrea, JA (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Directed Energy Bioeffects Lab, 8315 Navy Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM john.dandrea@navy.brooks.af.mil NR 114 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0079-6123 BN 978-0-444-51926-9 J9 PROG BRAIN RES JI Prog. Brain Res. PY 2007 VL 162 BP 107 EP 135 DI 10.1016/S0079-6123(06)62007-4 PG 29 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BGY46 UT WOS:000251354900007 PM 17645917 ER PT B AU Doschek, GA AF Doschek, George A. BE Shibata, K Nagata, S Sakurai, T TI Towards understanding the solar atmosphere SO NEW SOLAR PHYSICS WITH SOLAR-B MISSION SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Solar-B Science Meeting 2005 CY NOV 08-11, 2005 CL Kyoto Int Comm House, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Kyoto Int Comm House ID LOWER TRANSITION REGION; FLARES AB This paper is partly a review of recent work by the author and colleagues and partly the presentation of new work in progress. Detailed presentations of the work can be found in Doschek, Mariska, & Akiyama (2004), Doschek & Feldman (2004), Akiyama, Doschek, & Mariska (2005), Warren & Doschek (2005), Doschek & Warren (2005), and Doschek (2006). Below I discuss some of the new work to be published by Doschek (2006). C1 [Doschek, George A.] USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Doschek, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-237-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 369 BP 263 EP 267 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGY29 UT WOS:000251315600036 ER PT B AU Shiota, D Isobe, H Brooks, DH Chen, PF Shibata, K AF Shiota, Daikou Isobe, Hiroaki Brooks, David H. Chen, Peng-Fei Shibata, Kazunari BE Shibata, K Nagata, S Sakurai, T TI XRT and EIS observations of reconnection associated phenomena SO NEW SOLAR PHYSICS WITH SOLAR-B MISSION SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Solar-B Science Meeting 2005 CY NOV 08-11, 2005 CL Kyoto Int Comm House, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Kyoto Int Comm House ID DIFFERENTIAL EMISSION MEASURE; CORONAL MASS EJECTION; ARCADE AB Based on the results of numerical simulations, we sythesized EIS and XRT images of reconnection flows associated with an eruptive flare. The results suggest that reconnection inflows can be observed as pairs of blue- and red-shifted components just above the X-ray arcade in the low temperature lines. It is found that the Doppler velocities are larger in the lower temperature line spectra. Reconnection outflows can also be observed as pairs of blue- and red-shifted components with an asymmetry in the high temperature line spectra. C1 [Shiota, Daikou; Shibata, Kazunari] Kyoto Univ, Kwasan & Hida Observ, Kyoto, Japan. [Isobe, Hiroaki] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Brooks, David H.] Naval Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC USA. [Chen, Peng-Fei] Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, Peoples R China. RP Shiota, D (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Kwasan & Hida Observ, Kyoto, Japan. RI Chen, P. F./E-2292-2011 OI Chen, P. F./0000-0002-7289-642X FU Japan society; NCET [04-0445]; FANEDD [200226] FX D.S and H.I are Supported by a Research Fellowship of the Japan society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS) for YOung Scintists . P.F.C is supported by NCET-04-0445 and FANEDD (200226) NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-237-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 369 BP 439 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGY29 UT WOS:000251315600059 ER PT B AU Karpen, JT AF Karpen, Judith T. BE Shibata, K Nagata, S Sakurai, T TI Multidimensional simulations of filament channel structure and evolution SO NEW SOLAR PHYSICS WITH SOLAR-B MISSION SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Solar-B Science Meeting 2005 CY NOV 08-11, 2005 CL Kyoto Int Comm House, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Kyoto Int Comm House ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR PROMINENCES; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; BREAKOUT MODEL; THERMAL NONEQUILIBRIUM; REGION; LOOPS; RECONNECTION; ERUPTIONS; THREADS AB Over the past decade, the NRL Solar Theory group has made steady progress toward formulating a comprehensive model of filament-channel structure and evolution, combining the results of our sheared 3D arcade model for the magnetic field with our thermal nonequilibrium model for the cool, dense material suspended in the corona. We have also discovered that, when a sheared arcade is embedded within the global dipolar field, the resulting stressed filament channel can erupt through the mechanism of magnetic breakout. Our progress has been largely enabled by the development and implementation of state-of-the-art ID hydrodynamic and 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) codes to simulate the field-aligned plasma thermodynamics and large-scale magneticfield evolution, respectively. Significant questions remain, however, which could be answered with the advanced observations anticipated from Solar-B. In this review, we summarize what we have learned from our simulations about the magnetic and plasma structure, evolution, and eruption of filament channels, and suggest key observational objectives for Solar-B that will test our filament-channel and CME-initiation models and augment our understanding of the underlying physical processes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Karpen, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Karpen, Judith/E-1484-2012 NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-237-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 369 BP 525 EP 537 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGY29 UT WOS:000251315600073 ER PT S AU Efroimsky, M Lainey, V AF Efroimsky, Michael Lainey, Valery BE Belbruno, E TI On the theory of bodily tides SO NEW TRENDS IN ASTRODYNAMICS AND APPLICATIONS III SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on New Trends in Astrodynamics and Applications CY AUG 16-18, 2006 CL Princeton, NJ SP NASA Headquarters, Princeton Univ DE land tides; body tides; bodily tides; tidal forces; tidal torques; tidal interactions; Mars; Phobos; Deimos ID TIDAL FRICTION; EVOLUTION AB Different theories of bodily tides assume different forms of dependence of the angular lag delta upon the tidal frequency X. In the old theory (Gerstenkorn 1955, MacDonald 1964, Kaula 1964) the geometric lag angle is assumed constant (i.e., delta similar to X-0), while the new theory (Singer 1968; Mignard 1979, 1980) postulates constancy of the time lag Delta iota (which is equivalent to saying that delta similar to X-1). Each particular functional form of delta(X) unambiguously determines the form of the frequency dependence of the tidal quality factor, Q(X), and vice versa. Through the past 20 years, several teams of geophysicists have undertaken a large volume of experimental research of attenuation at low frequencies. This research, carried out both for mineral samples in the lab and for vast terrestrial basins, has led to a complete reconsideration of the shape of Q(X). While in late 70s - early 80s it was universally accepted that at low frequencies the quality factor scales as inverse frequency, by now it is firmly established that Q similar to X-a, where the positive fractional power alpha varies, for different minerals, from 0.2 through 0.4 (leaning toward 0.2 for partial melts) - see the paper by Efroimsky (2006) and references therein. That paper also addresses some technical difficulties emerging in the conventional theory of land tides, and offers a possible way of their circumvention - a new model that is applicable both for high inclinations and high eccentricities (contrary to the Kaula expansion which converges only for i not equal pi/2 and e < 0.6627434). Here we employ this new model to explore the long-term evolution of Phobos and to provide a more exact estimate for the time it needs to fall on Mars. This work is a pilot paper that anticipates a more comprehensive study in preperation (Efroimsky & Lainey 2007). C1 [Efroimsky, Michael] USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Lainey, Valery] CNRS, IMCCE, Observ Paris, UMR 8028, F-75014 Paris, France. [Lainey, Valery] Observ Royal Belgique, Brussels, Belgium. RP Efroimsky, M (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. OI Efroimsky, Michael/0000-0003-1249-9622 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0389-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 886 BP 131 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGA68 UT WOS:000245812900011 ER PT S AU Matsakis, D AF Matsakis, Demetrios BE Cohen, L TI The statistics of GPS - art. no. 66030W SO Noise and Fluctuations in Photonics, Quantum Optics, and Communications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Noise and Fluctuations in Photonics, Quantum Optics, and Communications CY MAY 21-24, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY SP SPIE, European Opt Soc, SIOF, SPIE Europe DE allan; clock; frequency; GPS; hadamard; linear quadratic Gaussian; time AB The Global Positioning System (GPS) is an extremely effective satellite-based system that broadcasts sufficient information for a user to determine time and position from any location on or near the Earth. The fundamental GPS measurement is the corrected time of the satellite clock relative to the receiver clock. This paper uses publicly available information to present a statistical analysis of the underlying timescale and clock performance, which can be largely presented without recourse to the many significant and interesting scientific corrections and parameterized models that could or must be applied to the data C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Matsakis, D (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6740-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6603 BP W6030 EP W6030 AR 66030W DI 10.1117/12.731502 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BGT42 UT WOS:000250406900025 ER PT S AU Trickey, S Seaver, M Nichols, J AF Trickey, Stephen Seaver, Mark Nichols, Jon BE Wu, HF Diaz, AA Shull, PJ TI Quantification of damage detection schemes using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. - art. no. 653107 SO Nondestructive Characterization for Composite Materials, Aerospace Engineering, Civil Infrastructure, and Homeland Security 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Characterization for Composite Materials, Aerospace Engineering, Civil Infrastructure, and Homeland Security 2007 CY MAR 20-22, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE ROC curve; damage detection; composite joint ID SURROGATE DATA; TIME-SERIES; SYSTEM; NONLINEARITY; LOCALIZATION; VALIDATION; FILTER AB In this work we detect damage in a composite to metal bolted joint subject to ambient vibrations and strong temperature fluctuations. Damage to the joint is considered to be a degradation of the connection strength implemented by loosening the bolts. The system is excited with a signal that conforms to the Pierson-Moskowitz distribution for wave height and represents a possible loading this component would be subject to in situ. We show that as the bolts are loosened, increasing amounts of nonlinearity are introduced in the form of impact discontinuities and stick-slip behavior. The presence of the nonlinearity, hence the damage, is detected by drawing comparisons between the response data and surrogate data conforming to the null hypothesis of an undamaged, linear system. Two metrics are used for comparison purposes: nonlinear prediction error and the bicoherence. Results are displayed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. The ROC curve quantifies the trade-off between false positives (type I errors) and false negatives (type II errors). Type I errors can be expressed as the probability of false alarm and 1 - type II error is the probability of detection. We demonstrate that ROC curves provide a unified quantifiable approach for directly comparing the merits of different detection schemes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Fiber Opt Smart Struct Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trickey, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Fiber Opt Smart Struct Sect, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6652-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6531 BP 53107 EP 53107 AR 653107 DI 10.1117/12.715210 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGK43 UT WOS:000247961500004 ER PT J AU Ivanov, LM Chu, PC AF Ivanov, L. M. Chu, P. C. TI On stochastic stability of regional ocean models with uncertainty in wind forcing SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC MODEL; CIRCULATION MODEL; AMPLITUDE PERTURBATIONS; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; INITIAL CONDITIONS; CHAOTIC SYSTEMS; ALTIMETER DATA; LARGE-SCALE; PREDICTABILITY; ERROR AB A shallow-water model was used to understand model error induced by non-Gaussian wind uncertainty. Although the model was simple, it described a generic system with many degrees of freedom randomized by external noise. The study focused on the nontrivial collective behavior of finite-amplitude perturbations on different scales and their influence on model predictability. The error growth strongly depended on the intensity and degree of spatial inhomogeneity of wind perturbations. For moderate but highly inhomogeneous winds, the error grew as a power law. This behavior was a consequence of varying local characteristic exponents and nonlinear interactions between different scales. Coherent growth of perturbations was obtained for different scales at various stages of error evolution. For the nonlinear stage, statistics of prediction error could be approximated by a Weibull distribution. An approach based on the Kullback-Leibler distance (the relative entropy) and probability-weighted moments was developed for identification of Weibull statistics. Bifurcations of the variance, skewness and kurtosis of the irreversible predictability time (a measure of model prediction skill) were detected when the accepted prediction accuracy (tolerance) exceeded some threshold. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Ivanov, LM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM lmivanov@nps.edu NR 70 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2007 VL 14 IS 5 BP 655 EP 670 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 235LB UT WOS:000251234500011 ER PT J AU Colombant, DG Obenschain, SP AF Colombant, D. G. Obenschain, S. P. TI Sub-mega joule laser target designs for direct-drive ignition and moderate gains SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; ENERGY; DENSITY; PELLETS; GROWTH AB We report here exploratory studies of direct-drive target designs that require substantially less than a, mega joule of laser energy for ignition and moderate gains. The target physics advantages of the Krypton Fluoride laser are exploited to achieve increased implosion velocities that allow ignition and gain at reduced energy. Use of increased laser irradiance allows use of limited aspect ratio targets. The highest performing designs make use of a short spike prepulse to set up an adiabat that can be favourable to gain. These designs have application in reducing the driver size needed for experimental laser fusion facilities and may be applicable to the gains needed for the energy application. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Colombant, DG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Denis.Colombant@nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JAN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 1 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/47/1/003 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 132PE UT WOS:000243953900006 ER PT J AU Mickens, RE Jordan, PM AF Mickens, Ronald E. Jordan, P. M. TI Construction of nonstandard finite difference schemes for 1(1)/(2) space-dimension-coupled PDEs SO NUMERICAL METHODS FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS LA English DT Article DE nonstandard finite difference scheme; coupled PDEs; positivity ID EQUATIONS AB Two coupled PDEs, where one has a diffusion term and the other does not, are defined to be 1(1)/(2) space dimension systems. We show how to construct nonstandard finite difference schemes for such systems and demonstrate that they are positivity-preserving. These methods also allow the calculation of an explicit functional relationships between the time and space step-sizes. The case of water flowing through fractured bedrock is used to illustrate our procedure. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Clark Atlanta Univ, Dept Phys, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0749-159X J9 NUMER METH PART D E JI Numer. Meth. Part Differ. Equ. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 211 EP 219 DI 10.1002/num.20172 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 114KM UT WOS:000242665100008 ER PT J AU Ngodock, HE Smith, SR Jacobs, GA AF Ngodock, Hans E. Smith, Scott R. Jacobs, Gregg A. TI Cycling the representer algorithm for variational data assimilation with a nonlinear reduced gravity ocean model SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED INVERSION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; COUPLED MODEL; TAO DATA AB The representer method was used by [Ngodock, H.E., Jacobs, G.A., Chen, M., 2006. The representer method, the ensemble Kalman filter and the ensemble Kalman smoother: a comparison study using a nonlinear reduced gravity ocean model. Ocean Modelling 12, 378-400] in a comparison study with the ensemble Kalman filter and smoother involving a 1.5 nonlinear reduced gravity idealized ocean model simulating the Loop Current (LC) and the Loop Current eddies (LCE) in the Gulf of Mexico. It was reported that the representer method was more accurate than its ensemble counterparts, yet it had difficulties fitting the data in the last month of the 4-month assimilation window when the data density was significantly decreased. The authors attributed this failure to increased advective nonlinearities in the presence of an eddy shedding causing the tangent linear model (TLM) to become inaccurate. In a separate study [Ngodock, H.E., Smith, S.R., Jacobs, G.A., 2007. Cycling the representer algorithm for variational data assimilation with the Lorenz attractor. Monthly Weather Review 135 (2), 373-386] applied the cycling representer algorithm to the Lorenz attractor and demonstrated that the cycling solution was able to accurately fit the data within each cycle and beyond the range of accuracy of the TLM, once adjustments were made in the early cycles, thus overcoming the difficulties of the non-cycling solution. The cycling algorithm is used here in assimilation experiments with the nonlinear reduced gravity model. It is shown that the cycling solution overcomes the difficulties encountered by the non-cycling solution due to a limited time range of accuracy of the TLM. Thus, for variational assimilation applications where the TLM accuracy is limited in time, the cycling representer becomes a very powerful and attractive alternative, given that its computational cost is significantly lower than that of the non-cycling algorithm. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Ngodock, HE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM Hans.Ngodock@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Jacobs, Gregg/C-1456-2008 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 3-4 BP 101 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2007.06.004 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 225TY UT WOS:000250541800001 ER PT J AU Batteen, ML Martinho, AS Miller, HA McClean, JL AF Batteen, Mary L. Martinho, Antonio S. Miller, Henry A. McClean, Julie L. TI A process-oriented modelling study of the coastal Canary and Iberian Current system SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE coastal circulation; eastern boundary currents; numerical modeling; Canary current; Princeton ocean model, POM; Parallel ocean program, POP ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; OPEN BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; COORDINATE OCEAN MODEL; NORTH-ATLANTIC; VANCOUVER ISLAND; WIND STRESS; EDDIES; PENINSULA; MEANDERS AB In a hierarchy of increasing complexity of physical forcing mechanisms, we conduct a process-oriented study of the Northern Canary Current System (NCCS) with a terrain-following numerical ocean model (in this case the Princeton Ocean Model, POM) to investigate the forcing mechanisms for the classical as well as unique features of the NCCS. While most of the NCCS features are realistically simulated, a key comparison of the results shows that unexpectedly a realistic subsurface mesoscale feature is simulated in a flat bottom NCCS model but not in the same model with bottom topography. We then show that this is a consequence of a numerical choice, which leads to the use of an improved technique to smooth the bottom topography, which better preserves the raw topography and subsequently is shown to produce the subsurface feature. This choice is then used in the final and most realistic of the NCCS experiments, in which a high temporal resolution study is conducted from March to September 1996 for the NCCS coastal ocean domain using daily winds and thermohaline forcing initialized on 2 March 1996 from a one-way coupled North Atlantic Parallel Ocean Program (POP) model updated at the lateral boundaries of the POM model every three days. A key physical result is that a dynamic flow consistent with the Azores Current is produced in this experiment, a feature not produced in the other experiments which used climatological data at the open boundaries. The results of these process-oriented experiments emphasize that numerical models of ocean circulation require important choices, which are both numerical and physical. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Batteen, ML (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, 833 Dyer Rd,Room 328, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mlbattee@nps.edu NR 62 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2007 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2007.02.006 PG 36 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 191TD UT WOS:000248154000001 ER PT J AU Mask, AC Preller, RH AF Mask, Andrea C. Preller, Ruth H. TI A numerical simulation of the East Asian Seas in March 2002: Effect of vertical grid choice SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE East China Sea; Yellow Sea; Japan/East Sea; hybrid ocean models; NCOM; MODAS ID MODEL; COORDINATE; SYSTEM AB The sensitivity of vertical grid choice in the hybrid Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) is discussed for the Yellow Sea, East Asian Sea, Japan/East Sea domain. In particular, the logarithmically stretched hybrid vertical profile used operationally at the Naval Research Laboratory is compared to six variations. The variations include a full z-level run, a full sigma coordinate run, and other hybrid constructs that modify the hybrid's transitions depth or the structure of the operational gyrid. The results are compared to each other and some limited observations in the framework of setting up a rapidly relocatable ocean model. The comparisons show that the operational vertical grid structure is a good first guess design for a rapidly relocatable ocean model. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Mask, AC (reprint author), NPI, Naval Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. EM andrea.mask@navy.mil; preller@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 81 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2007.02.007 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 198DW UT WOS:000248608200001 ER PT J AU Warn-Varnas, A Hawkins, J Smolarkiewicz, PK Chin-Bing, SA King, D Hallock, Z AF Warn-Varnas, A. Hawkins, J. Smolarkiewicz, P. K. Chin-Bing, S. A. King, D. Hallock, Z. TI Solitary wave effects north of Strait of Messina SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE ocean models; solitary waves; barotropic tide; Messina sill; wavelet analysis; CTD chain data ID COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION; EQUATIONS; ADAPTIVITY; MODELS AB We present new results from a joint ocean-acoustic modeling study of solitary wave generation in the Strait of Messina, their propagation in the Tyrrhenian Sea and subsequent shoaling in the Gulf of Gioia. The nonhydrostatic 3D EULAG model is used for the oceanographic predictions. The simulations are initialized with measured temperature and salinity profiles from an October 1995 survey of the Messina region, and forced with semidiurnal tidal magnitudes predicted by a barotropic tidal model. Parameter sensitivity studies are performed. The predicted solitary wave trains are compared with CTD chain measurements. The model results and data are examined through a wavelet analysis. The wavelengths are tracked by the spines (maximum intensity for each wavelength) at various times. From the slope of the variations, phase speeds are derived as a function of wavelength. For the parameters extracted from CTD measurements and existing tidal conditions, phase speed distribution for wavelengths ranging from about 0.6 m to 1.6 km are obtained. The model predicted phase speed magnitudes range from 0.85 ms(-1) to 0.93 ms(-1). The phase speeds derived from data range from 0.77 ms(-1) to 0.88 ms(-1). The model predicted phase speed versus wavelength distribution has similar trends to the phase speed versus wavelength distribution derived from data. The shoaling of the solitary waves in the Gulf of Gioia is studied. Calculations of the acoustical field are conducted, along the solitary wave propagation path, with the parabolic (PE) acoustical model. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Planning Syst Inc, Slidell, LA 70458 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Warn-Varnas, A (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM varnas@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 97 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2007.03.003 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 198DW UT WOS:000248608200002 ER PT J AU Haza, AC Piterbarg, LI Martin, P Ozgokmen, TM Griffa, A AF Haza, Angelique C. Piterbarg, Leonid I. Martin, Paul Ozgokmen, Tamay M. Griffa, Annalisa TI A Lagrangian subgridscale model for particle transport improvement and application in the Adriatic Sea using the Navy Coastal Ocean Model SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article ID DRIFTER LAUNCH STRATEGIES; TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; SURFACE CIRCULATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; STOCHASTIC-MODELS; DATA ASSIMILATION; DOUBLE-GYRE; TRAJECTORIES; TURBULENCE AB An accurate estimation of Lagrangian transport in the ocean is important for a number of practical problems such as dispersion of pollutants, biological species, and sediments. Forecasting of the Lagrangian pathways necessarily relies on the accuracy of ocean and coastal models. However, these models include a number of errors that propagate directly from the Eulerian velocity field to the Lagrangian transport. In this study, so-called Lagrangian sub-grid-scale, or LSGS, model is developed to reduce errors projected to Lagrangian transport from errors arising from missing physics, uncertainties in forcing and unresolved scales in OGCMs. The LSGS method acts on the diagnostics of particle transport computed from coastal or ocean models, and it allows to minimize the discrepancy between the statistical behavior of the modeled (synthetic) and real (observed) trajectories. The method is shown to work well using both a so-called Markov velocity field model, representing an idealized turbulent flow field, and in the context of the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) configured in the Adriatic Sea for realistic, high-resolution, complex ocean flows. The simplicity and computational efficiency of this technique, combined with applicability to ocean models at a wide range of resolutions, appears promising in light of the challenge of capturing exactly the oceanic turbulent fields, which is critical for Lagrangian dispersion. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Miami, RSMAS, MPO, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Univ So Calif, CAMS, Los Angeles, CA USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. CNR, ISMAR, LaSpezia, Italy. RP Ozgokmen, TM (reprint author), Univ Miami, RSMAS, MPO, Miami, FL 33152 USA. EM tozgokmen@rsmas.miami.edu RI CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014 OI CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486 NR 68 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 68 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2006.10.004 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 158CC UT WOS:000245767500004 ER PT J AU Cromwell, D Shaw, AGP Challenor, P Houseago-Stokes, RE Tokmakian, R AF Cromwell, D. Shaw, A. G. P. Challenor, P. Houseago-Stokes, R. E. Tokmakian, R. TI Towards measuring the meridional overturning circulation from space SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE HEIGHT; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; OCEAN MODEL; CLIMATE MODEL; VARIABILITY; GRACE AB We present a step towards measuring the meridional overturning circulation (MOC), i.e. the full-depth water mass transport, in the North Atlantic using satellite data. Using the Parallel Ocean Climate Model, we simulate satellite observations of ocean bottom pressure and sea surface height (SSH) over the 20-year period from 1979-1998, and use a linear model to estimate the MOC. As much as 93.5% of the variability in the smoothed transport is thereby explained. This increases to 98% when SSH and bottom pressure are first smoothed. We present initial studies of predicting the time evolution of the MOC, with promising results. It should be stressed that this is an initial step only, and that to produce an actual working system for measuring the MOC from space would require considerable future work. C1 Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Cromwell, D (reprint author), Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. EM ddc@noc.soton.ac.uk RI Shaw, Andrew/D-7517-2011; Challenor, Peter/M-2579-2016 OI Challenor, Peter/0000-0001-8661-2718 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 BP 223 EP 228 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 229UZ UT WOS:000250832700005 ER PT B AU Yang, TC Yang, WB AF Yang, T. C. Yang, Wen-Bin GP IEEE TI Low signal-to-noise-ratio underwater acoustic communications using direct-sequence spreadspectrum signals SO OCEANS 2007 - EUROPE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2007 Europe International Conference CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Aberdeen, SCOTLAND ID PASSIVE PHASE-CONJUGATION AB Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) uses a code sequence to spread the symbols at the transmitter and a de-spreader at the receiver to recover the transmitted symbols. The de-spreader via a correlator or a matched filter provides a processing gain (matched filter gain) which enhances the symbol energy over noise thus allowing communications at low input signal-to-noise ratio. This paper analyzes DSSS data collected during the TREX04 experiment and determine the bit error rate as a function of input SNR The data analyzed cover a total of 1160 packets with input SNR ranging from 23 dB to as low as -15 dB. C1 [Yang, T. C.; Yang, Wen-Bin] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0634-0 PY 2007 BP 127 EP 132 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BHK06 UT WOS:000253702200024 ER PT B AU Gendron, PJ AF Gendron, Paul J. GP IEEE TI High frequency coherent acoustic communications for the Networked Autonomous Littoral Surveillance system SO OCEANS 2007 - EUROPE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2007 Europe International Conference CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Aberdeen, SCOTLAND ID TOEPLITZ-SYSTEMS AB The Networked. Autonomous Littoral Surveillance (NetALS) system is a wireless distributed bottom mounted sensor network being developed at DRDC Atlantic. NetALS will consist of a chain of bottom mounted sensor clusters that rely on ultrasonic communications in both synchronous time division and asynchronous frequency division schemes to transfer detection statistics from relativley cheap sensor nodes to more capable cluster heads where data fusion and decision making take place. A channel estimation based decision directed (CE-DD) algorithm for phase coherent demodulation of sensor data packets has been developed. This multi-channel CE-DD receiver relies on a time recursive use of conjugate gradient iterations to support computationally reduced channel estimation and is coupled to a Levinson recursion for composite channel adaptive equalization. The algorithm was tested on shallow water data with source depth and bandwidth contraints as well as receiver ranges and apertures being consistent with a bottom mounted sensor network. Computational reductions beyond that of Levinson's O(M-2) for adaptive filter construction lead to a slight performance degradation. Error rates for communication at 2 and 4 bps/Hz are reported at ranges from 300m to 800m with receive phone signal to noise ratios between 8 and 22 dB. The effect of limited aperture on the acoustic communication link is demonstrated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gendron, PJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0634-0 PY 2007 BP 392 EP 397 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BHK06 UT WOS:000253702200073 ER PT B AU Tucker, JD Azimi-Sadjadi, MR Dobeck, GJ AF Tucker, James D. Azimi-Sadjadi, Mahmood R. Dobeck, Gerry J. GP IEEE TI Canonical coordinates for detection and classification of underwater objects from sonar imagery SO OCEANS 2007 - EUROPE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2007 Europe International Conference CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Aberdeen, SCOTLAND ID MINES AB Detection and classification of underwater objects in sonar imagery are challenging problems. In this paper, a new coherent-based method for detecting and classifying potential targets in high-resolution sonar imagery is developed using canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Canonical coordinate decomposition allows us to quantify the changes between the returns from the bottom and any target activity in sonar images and at the same time extract useful features for subsequent classification without the need to perform separate detection and feature extraction. Moreover, in situations where any visual analysis or verification by human operators is required, the detected/classified objects can be reconstructed from the coherent features. In this paper, underwater target detection and classification using the canonical correlations extracted from regions of interest within the sonar image is considered. Test results of the proposed method on underwater side-scan sonar images provided by the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) in Panama City, FL is presented. This database contains synthesized targets in real background varying in degree of difficulty and bottom clutter. Results illustrating the effectiveness of the CCA-based detection and classification method are presented for various densities of background clutter and bottom difficulty. C1 [Tucker, James D.; Azimi-Sadjadi, Mahmood R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dobeck, Gerry J.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Tucker, JD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0634-0 PY 2007 BP 432 EP 437 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BHK06 UT WOS:000253702200081 ER PT B AU Gibson, JH Xie, GG Xiao, Y Chen, H AF Gibson, John H. Xie, Geoffrey G. Xiao, Yang Chen, Hui GP IEEE TI Analyzing the performance of multi-hop underwater acoustic sensor networks SO OCEANS 2007 - EUROPE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2007 Europe International Conference CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Aberdeen, SCOTLAND DE aloha protocol; medium access control; underwater acoustic network AB Multi-hop underwater acoustic sensor networks constrain the performance of medium access control protocols. The efficiency of the well-known RTS-CTS scheme is degraded due to long propagation delays of such networks. Recently, interest in Aloha variants has surfaced; however, the performance of such protocols within the context of multi-hop networks is not well studied. In this paper, we identify the challenges of modeling contention-based medium access control protocols and present a model for analyzing Aloha variants for a simple string topology as a first step toward analyzing the performance of contention-based proposals in multi-hop underwater acoustic sensor networks. An application of the model suggests that Aloha variants are vary sensitive to traffic loads and network size. C1 [Gibson, John H.; Xie, Geoffrey G.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Xiao, Yang] Univ Alabama, Dept Comp Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Chen, Hui] AutoZone Inc, IT Dept, Memphis, TN 38103 USA. RP Gibson, JH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jhgibson@nps.edu; xie@nps.edu; yangxiao@ieee.org; huichen@ieee.org NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0634-0 PY 2007 BP 951 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BHK06 UT WOS:000253702200178 ER PT B AU Gendron, ML Lohrenz, MC AF Gendron, Marlin L. Lohrenz, Maura C. GP IEEE TI The Automated Change Detection and Classification real-time (ACDC-RT) system SO OCEANS 2007 - EUROPE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2007 Europe International Conference CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Aberdeen, SCOTLAND DE acoustic signal detection; computer aided analysis; real time systems; sonar signal processing ID DIGITAL CHANGE DETECTION AB This paper presents an Automated Change Detection and Classification (ACDC) System, developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO), which aids analysts in performing change detection in real-time (RT) by co-registering new and historical imagery and using automated change detection algorithms that suggest imagery changes. In this paper, ACDC-RT components are described and results given from a recent change detection experiment. C1 [Gendron, Marlin L.; Lohrenz, Maura C.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Gendron, ML (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0634-0 PY 2007 BP 1056 EP 1059 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BHK06 UT WOS:000253702200198 ER PT B AU Lobrenz, MC Gendron, ML AF Lobrenz, Maura C. Gendron, Marlin L. GP IEEE TI Development of an automated roughness estimation algorithm for sidescan imagery SO OCEANS 2007 - EUROPE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2007 Europe International Conference CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Aberdeen, SCOTLAND DE acoustic signal detection; computer-aided analysis; sonar signal processing ID SONAR AB Estimations of seafloor clutter (also called mine-like echoes) and roughness (bottom relief) are needed during mine warfare operations to determine seafloor type for a geographic region of interest. Analysts at the Naval Oceanographic Office estimate bottom clutter and roughness from sidescan sonar imagery (SSI). However, detecting clutter and determining roughness manually is often time consuming and can produce inconsistent results. The Naval Research Laboratory has developed an algorithm to automatically derive seafloor roughness from SSI. In repeated trials, results of the automated roughness algorithm correlated well (as high as 87%) with manual roughness estimations. C1 [Lobrenz, Maura C.; Gendron, Marlin L.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lobrenz, MC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0634-0 PY 2007 BP 1060 EP 1063 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BHK06 UT WOS:000253702200199 ER PT B AU Parker, G Graziano, M Leban, F Green, J Bird, JD AF Parker, Gordon Graziano, Michael Leban, Frank Green, Jeffrey Bird, J. Dexter, III GP IEEE TI Reducing crane payload swing using a rider mock tagline control system SO OCEANS 2007 - EUROPE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2007 Europe International Conference CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Aberdeen, SCOTLAND ID CARGO PENDULATION REDUCTION; SHIP-MOUNTED CRANES AB This paper considers payload swing control of large, marine cranes using an active rider block tagline system (ARBTS). The contribution is the control system development and simulation comparison of the ARBTS approach to standard luff cranes without ARBTS. It is shown that the ARBTS control system off-loads boom actuation (luff) for ship motion cancellation. Thus, the boom can be used for its intended purpose of moving the load radially per the operator's command. For the simulation case considered, the maximum luff power decreases from 150 kW to 4 kW and the luff rope speed decreases from 0.9 m/s to 0.02 m/s. Application of this approach to existing offshore crane designs could increase their operational envelope, without increased power requirements or necessitating costly mechanical changes, permitting operations in rough sea conditions. C1 [Parker, Gordon; Graziano, Michael] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Leban, Frank; Green, Jeffrey] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock, MD USA. [Bird, J. Dexter, III] Craft Engn, Hampton, VA USA. RP Parker, G (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. FU Office of Naval Research, Code 331; Rolls-Royce Naval Marine, Inc. FX The authors would like to acknowledge The Office of Naval Research, Code 331, and Rolls-Royce Naval Marine, Inc., who supported the work described in this paper. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0634-0 PY 2007 BP 1118 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BHK06 UT WOS:000253702200210 ER PT B AU Hempel, CG AF Hempel, Christian G. GP IEEE TI Track initialization for multi-static active sonar systems SO OCEANS 2007 - EUROPE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2007 Europe International Conference CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Aberdeen, SCOTLAND DE centralized and distributed processing systems; Hough Transform bins; multi-static active sonar; Page's Test; track initialization ID SEARCH RADAR DETECTION; HOUGH TRANSFORM AB The process of track initialization has two main parts: determining when a new contact of interest has appeared in the search region and computing an initial state estimate to be given to the tracking algorithm. The author has developed a new method for detecting the arrival of a new contact of interest in monostatic systems that partitions the detection level data into Hough Transform type bins. For discrete data (e.g., sonar echoes), the Hough transform is a histogram version of the discrete Radon transform where the data are partitioned into sets of non-overlapping bins at various angles that represent different possible target track trajectories. The new method tests the data in each Hough bin for the arrival of a new contact of interest with Page's test which is designed to detect changes in state by accumulating the values of an appropriate detector non-linearity. The purpose of the effort reported here is to investigate the applicability of the new method to multi-static systems. The theoretical performance predictions of the new method are quite favorable for monostatic systems; orders of magnitude reduction in the number of false tracks initialized with no reduction in target latency when compared to a popular M of N type method on a search region having realistic size and clutter density. In multi-static systems, however, the effects of high clutter density and poor data registration may increase the average latency for initializing target tracks when using the new method in a centralized architecture. When the coverage areas of two or more sensors overlap it is natural to try to employ a centralized architecture and register all of the measurements to a common frame of reference. Indeed, when the data from multiple sensors can be accurately registered superior track initialization performance can be achieved by combining all of the measurements in a single track initialization algorithm instead of using a distributed architecture that initializes tracks on each sensor separately and combines the results. When the data cannot be accurately registered it becomes more difficult to ensure that measurements from the same contact but received on different sensors will be located in the same Hough bin; the registration error may cause the measurements from different sensors to appear in different Hough bins and thereby prevent them from contributing to the same hypothesis test statistic. The problem is further compounded when the clutter density is high because the size of the Hough bins must be reduced to maintain the probability of detecting a contact of interest. Smaller Hough bins increase the probability that registration error will cause significant misalignment of the data from multiple sensors. Under those conditions it may be advantageous to initialize tracks on each sensor separately and combine the results with an appropriate track management method. This study quantifies the effects of clutter density and registration error on the proposed track initialization method to determine the conditions that require a distributed track initialization scheme. Specifically, the theoretical average target latency, at a constant average time between false alarms, for the centralized and distributed methods will be compared as a function of registration error and clutter density. In this way the combinations of registration error and clutter density that favor the centralized or the distributed architectures will be computed allowing multi-static systems designers to select the architecture appropriate for each specific application. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Hempel, CG (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0634-0 PY 2007 BP 1421 EP 1426 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BHK06 UT WOS:000253702200269 ER PT B AU Elmore, PA Avera, WE Harris, MM Duvieilh, KM AF Elmore, Paul A. Avera, Will E. Harris, Michael M. Duvieilh, Kevin M. GP IEEE TI Environmental measurements derived from tactical mine-hunting sonar data SO OCEANS 2007 - EUROPE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2007 Europe International Conference CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Aberdeen, SCOTLAND DE bathymetry; mine countermeasures; multibeam sonar; sediment classification AB Confidence in naval operations that search for mine-like objects (mine-hunting) is dependent on knowledge of the operational environment Historic information in some areas may misrepresent the environmental picture due to sparse measurement or data perishability. As a result, operations in some areas may require real-time environmental measurements to refresh the data sources. This information can be derived from sensors that are dedicated to mine-hunting even though these platforms often do not accommodate traditional environmental sensors. In response to this need, the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory developed "Through-The-Sensor" techniques to extract this information with no impact to tactical functionality. This paper reports on calibration and uncertainty quantification efforts associated with using an AN/AQS-20A mine hunting sonar system to extract multibeam bathymetry and sediment type. For bathymetry, the sensor needs a correction factor for depth offset, determined by comparing the derived data with high-resolution data obtained from a dedicated multibeam system. After calibration, the extracted bathymetry data has a mean error on the order of 0.3 m. For sediment type, calibration of the software uses an iterative approach for tuning the calibration coefficient so that the calculated impedance matches data from grab samples. Once calibrated, the uncertainty for the acoustic impedance agrees well with the estimates for sandy areas. C1 [Elmore, Paul A.; Avera, Will E.; Harris, Michael M.; Duvieilh, Kevin M.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Mapping Charting & Geodesy Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Elmore, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Mapping Charting & Geodesy Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0634-0 PY 2007 BP 1448 EP 1452 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BHK06 UT WOS:000253702200274 ER PT B AU Marques, ERB Pinto, J Kragelund, S Dias, PS Madureira, L Sousa, A Correia, M Ferreira, H Goncalves, R Martins, R Homer, DP Healey, AJ Goncalves, GM Sousa, JB AF Marques, Eduardo R. B. Pinto, Jose Kragelund, Sean Dias, Paulo S. Madureira, Luis Sousa, Alexandre Correia, Marcio Ferreira, Hugo Goncalves, Rui Martins, Ricardo Homer, Douglas P. Healey, Anthony J. Goncalves, Gil M. Sousa, Joao B. GP IEEE TI AUV control and communication using underwater acoustic networks SO OCEANS 2007 - EUROPE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2007 Europe International Conference CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Aberdeen, SCOTLAND DE underwater acoustic communication; marine vehicles; mobile robots AB Underwater acoustic networks can be quite effective to establish communication links between autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and other vehicles or control units, enabling complex vehicle applications and control scenarios. A communications and control framework to support the use of underwater acoustic networks and sample application scenarios are described for single and multi-AUV operation. C1 [Marques, Eduardo R. B.; Pinto, Jose; Dias, Paulo S.; Madureira, Luis; Sousa, Alexandre; Correia, Marcio; Goncalves, Rui; Martins, Ricardo; Goncalves, Gil M.; Sousa, Joao B.] Univ Porto, Fac Engn, Underwater Syst & Technol Lab, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal. [Kragelund, Sean; Homer, Douglas P.; Healey, Anthony J.] Ctr Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Res, Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ferreira, Hugo] Inst Super Engn Porto, Autonomous Syst Lab, P-4200072 Oporto, Portugal. RP Marques, ERB (reprint author), Univ Porto, Fac Engn, Underwater Syst & Technol Lab, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal. EM lsts@fe.up.pt; auvlocal@nps.navy.mil; lsa@lsa.isep.ipp.pt FU Agencia de Inova,co; FCT (Funda,co para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia); Autonomous Systems Laboratory; Instituto Politecnico de Porto FX The authors affiliated with the Underwater Systems and Technology Laboratory would like to thank the Leixoes Harbour administration, the Portuguese Navy, and all other members of the USTL team. The PISCIS project is partially funded by Agencia de Inova,co. Eduardo R. B. Marques and Paulo Sousa Dias gratefully acknowledge the financial support of FCT (Funda,co para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia).; The authors affiliated with the Center for AUV Research at the Naval Postgraduate School, wish to gratefully acknowledge the sponsorship by Dr. Tom Swean at the Office of Naval Research.; Hugo Ferreira would like to thank support from the Autonomous Systems Laboratory and Instituto Politecnico de Porto; he also wishes to acknowledge the support from Joao B. Sousa and the USTL-FEUP team on joint tests performed in operational scenarios. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0634-0 PY 2007 BP 1479 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BHK06 UT WOS:000253702200280 ER PT J AU Price, GL Sakai, S AF Price, Geoffrey L. Sakai, Shoichiro TI EXTREMAL MARGINAL TRACIAL STATES IN COUPLED SYSTEMS SO OPERATORS AND MATRICES LA English DT Article DE Pure state; trace; marginal tracial state; Schmidt decomposition AB Let G be the convex set consisting of all states phi on the tensor product B. B of the algebra B = M(n)(C) of all n x n matrices over the complex numbers C with the property that the restrictions phi(sic)(B circle times I) and phi(sic)(I circle times B) are the unique tracial states on B circle times I and I circle times B. We find necessary and sufficient conditions for such a state, called a marginal tracial state, to be extremal in Gamma. We also give a characterization of those extreme points in Gamma which are pure states. We conjecture that all extremal marginal tracial states are pure states. C1 [Price, Geoffrey L.] USN Acad, Dept Math 9E, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Price, GL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math 9E, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM glp@usna.edu; jzu00243@nifty.com FU NSF [DMS-0400841] FX Research supported by NSF grant DMS-0400841. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELEMENT PI ZAGREB PA R AUSTRIJE 11, 10000 ZAGREB, CROATIA SN 1846-3886 J9 OPER MATRICES JI Oper. Matrices PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 153 EP 163 PG 11 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA V90KM UT WOS:000206111200001 ER PT S AU Mahoney, KL Schofield, O Kerfoot, J Giddings, T Shirron, J Twardowski, M AF Mahoney, Kevin L. Schofield, Oscar Kerfoot, John Giddings, Tom Shirron, Joe Twardowski, Mike BE Kahan, MA TI Laser line scan performance prediction - art. no. 66750N SO OPTICAL MODELING AND PERFORMANCE PREDICTIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Modelling and Performance Predictions III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE laser line scan; EOID performance prediction; EODES-3; Slocum Glider; optical properties; water clarity ID ROBUST AB The effectiveness of sensors that use optical measurements for the laser detection and identification of subsurface mines is directly related to water clarity. The primary objective of the work presented here was to use the optical data collected by UUV (Slocum Glider) surveys of an operational areas to estimate the performance of an electro-optical identification (EOID) Laser Line Scan (LLS) system during RIMPAC 06, an international naval exercise off the coast of Hawaii. Measurements of optical backscattering and beam attenuation were made with a Wet Labs, Inc. Scattering Absorption Meter (SAM), mounted on a Rutgers University/Webb Research Slocum glider. The optical data universally indicated extremely clear water in the operational area, except very close to shore. The beam-c values from the SAM sensor were integrated to three attenuation lengths to provide an estimate of how well the LLS would perform in detecting and identifying mines in the operational areas. Additionally, the processed in situ optical data served as near-real-time input to the Electro-Optic Detection Simulator, ver. 3 (EODES-3; Metron, Inc.) model for EOID performance prediction. Both methods of predicting LLS performance suggested a high probability of detection and probability of identification. These predictions were validated by the actual performance of the LLS as the EOID system yielded imagery from which reliable mine identification could be made. Future plans include repeating this work in more optically challenging water types to demonstrate the utility of pre-mission UUV surveys of operational areas as a tactical decision aid for planning EOID missions. C1 [Mahoney, Kevin L.] USN, Ocean Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Mahoney, KL (reprint author), USN, Ocean Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6823-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6675 BP N6750 EP N6750 DI 10.1117/12.734617 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BHC09 UT WOS:000252146500021 ER PT S AU Terray, A Arnold, J Sundbeck, SD Leski, TA Hart, SJ AF Terray, Alexander Arnold, Jonathan Sundbeck, Steven D. Leski, Tomasz A. Hart, Sean J. BE Dholakia, K Spalding, GC TI Preparative separations using optical chromatography - art. no. 66441U SO OPTICAL TRAPPING AND OPTICAL MICROMANIPULATION IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation IV CY AUG 26-29, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE optical chromatography; laser; pressure; bacteria; separation; PCR; DNA; concentration; filter; microfluidics; Bacillus anthracis ID MANIPULATION; PARTICLES; LATTICE; ARRAYS; TRAP AB Optical Chromatography, used for particle separation, involves loosely focusing a laser into a fluid flowing opposite the direction of laser propagation. When microscopic particles in the flow path encounter this beam they are trapped axially along the beam and are pushed upstream from the laser focal point to rest at a point where the optical and fluid forces on the particle balance. Because optical and fluid forces are sensitive to differences in the physical and chemical properties of a particle, fine separations are possible. An optical chromatography beam which completely fills a fluid channel can operate as an optically tunable filter for the separation of polymeric/colloidal and biological samples. We will show how the technique can be used to separate injected samples containing large numbers of colloids. The power of optical chromatographic separations will be illustrated through the combination with other analytical techniques. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Terray, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6112,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Leski, Tomasz/K-6916-2013 OI Leski, Tomasz/0000-0001-7688-9887 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6792-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6644 BP U6441 EP U6441 DI 10.1117/12.742080 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGX72 UT WOS:000251162100034 ER PT S AU Seely, J Feldman, U Brown, C Doschek, G Hara, H AF Seely, John Feldman, Uri Brown, Charles Doschek, George Hara, H. BE ODell, SL Pareschi, G TI Comparison of solar spectra from the Hinode extreme-ultraviolet imaging spectrometer (EIS) to preflight calibrations - art. no. 66880W SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Astronomy III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE extreme ultraviolet spectrometer; solar spectra ID B SATELLITE AB The Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on the Hinode satellite records high-resolution solar spectra in the 170-210 angstrom and 246-290 angstrom wavelength ranges. The EIS optics operate at near normal incidence and consist of an off-axis parabolic mirror, a toroidal diffraction grating, two CCD detectors, and two thin aluminum filters. To increase the normal incidence efficiency, high-reflectance multilayer interference coatings were deposited on the mirror and the grating. Prior to launch, each of the optical components was calibrated using synchrotron radiation, and the spectral and spatial resolution of the complete instrument were measured. In this paper, we compare the preflight calibrations with the first-light spectra recorded in space. C1 [Seely, John; Feldman, Uri; Brown, Charles; Doschek, George] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seely, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6836-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6688 BP W6880 EP W6880 DI 10.1117/12.734592 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BHC23 UT WOS:000252164500029 ER PT S AU Lebedev, N Spano, A Trammell, S Griva, I Tsoi, S Schnur, JM AF Lebedev, Nikolai Spano, Anthony Trammell, Scott Griva, Igor Tsoi, Stanislav Schnur, Joel M. BE Kafafi, ZH Lane, PA TI New bio-inorganic photo-electronic devices based on photosynthetic proteins - art. no. 665614 SO ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Photovoltaics VIII CY AUG 28-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Air Products & Chem, Inc DE bioelectronics; biophotonics; photovoltaic; self-assembly; bio-inorganic interface; light energy conversion; carbon nanotubes ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; HISTIDINE-TAGGED PROTEINS; REACTION CENTERS; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; CYTOCHROME C(2); BIFUNCTIONAL REAGENTS; FREE-ENERGY; REDOX; STATE; IMMOBILIZATION AB Construction of efficient devices for light energy conversion, including photo-electronic and photovoltaic (PV) devices, is a big challenge for the current science and technology that will have important economic consequences. Most of the modem photovoltaic devices are based on silicon. An innovative approach to the construction of photovoltaic devices is the utilization of biological systems and principles designed for similar purposes by Nature. Biological electronic devices, proteins, have extremely high efficiency, precise spatial organization, and are inexpensive in fabrication. They can be fused with inorganic and organic materials such as conductors, semiconductors, conductive polymers, or quantum dots. The photosynthetic reaction center protein (RC) is one of the most advanced photo-electronic devices developed by Nature. It has nearly 100% quantum yield of primary charge separation, an extremely fast operation time (about 10(-9) s, or operation frequency of similar to 10(9) Hz), and a very efficient stabilization of separated charges (ratio of charge separation rate to that of charge recombination is about 10(4)). The charge separation and stabilization takes place in a complex of 7 nm size and leads to the formation of a local electric field of about 10(6) V/cm. A coupling of photosynthetic RC to inorganic electrodes is attractive for the identification of the mechanisms of inter-protein electron transfer (ET) and for the possible applications in the construction of protein-based innovative photoelectronic and photovoltaic devices. In this presentation we describe a new type of hybrid bio-inorganic photoelectronic devices based on photosynthetic proteins and inorganic materials. Using genetically engineered bacterial RCs and specifically synthesized organic linkers, we were able to construct self-assembled and aligned protein complexes with various metals and semiconductors, including gold, indium tin oxide (ITO), nanoporous TiO2, highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays. Our results show that photosynthetic protein-inorganic complexes can operate as highly efficient photo- and chemo-sensors, optical switches, photorectifieres, or photovoltaic devices. C1 [Lebedev, Nikolai; Trammell, Scott; Tsoi, Stanislav; Schnur, Joel M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lebedev, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6804-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6656 BP 65614 EP 65614 DI 10.1117/12.731655 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Optics GA BHH08 UT WOS:000253182100021 ER PT J AU Morrison, MP Schroeder, A AF Morrison, Michele Phillips Schroeder, Ashley TI Intraoperative identification and management of thyroid storm in children SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SENTAC Meeting 2005 CY DEC 02, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP SENTAC ID THYROTOXICOSIS C1 USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, LT MC, ENT, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Morrison, MP (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, LT MC, ENT, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM mpmorrison@mar.med.navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 136 IS 1 BP 132 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.06.1248 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 125KT UT WOS:000243441500029 PM 17210350 ER PT B AU Zartman, IW AF Zartman, I. William BE Zartman, IW TI Toward the Resolution of International Conflicts INTRODUCTION SO PEACEMAKING IN INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT: METHODS & TECHNIQUES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Zartman, I. William] Johns Hopkins Univ, Nitze Sch Adv Int Studies, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Zartman, I. William] NYU, Dept Polit, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Zartman, I. William] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Zartman, I. William] Inst Polit Studies, Paris, France. RP Zartman, IW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Nitze Sch Adv Int Studies, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU US INST PEACE PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA BN 978-1-929223-66-4 PY 2007 BP 3 EP 22 PG 20 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BWC18 UT WOS:000293419800001 ER PT B AU Zartman, IW AF Zartman, I. William BE Zartman, IW TI The Use of Methods and Techniques in a Conflict's Lifespan CONCLUSION SO PEACEMAKING IN INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT: METHODS & TECHNIQUES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Zartman, I. William] Johns Hopkins Univ, Nitze Sch Adv Int Studies, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Zartman, I. William] NYU, Dept Polit, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Zartman, I. William] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Zartman, I. William] Inst Polit Studies, Paris, France. RP Zartman, IW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Nitze Sch Adv Int Studies, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US INST PEACE PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA BN 978-1-929223-66-4 PY 2007 BP 465 EP 477 PG 13 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BWC18 UT WOS:000293419800013 ER PT J AU Beer, J Voelker, JJ AF Beer, J. Voelker, J. J. TI Using a theoretical straylight model to predict glare disability in real-world perception SO PERCEPTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Beer, J.] AR&E inc, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Laser Dept, Brooks AFB, TX USA. [Voelker, J. J.] Boeing SVS Inc, Freeport, TX USA. EM jeremy.beer@navy.brooks.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0301-0066 J9 PERCEPTION JI Perception PY 2007 VL 36 SU S BP 213 EP 213 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Ophthalmology; Psychology GA 226NA UT WOS:000250594600764 ER PT S AU Rowe, NC AF Rowe, Neil C. BE DeKort, Y IJsselsteijn, W Midden, C Eggen, B Fogg, BJ TI Logical modeling of deceptive negative persuasion SO PERSUASIVE TECHNOLOGY SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Persuasive Technology (PERSUASIVE 2007) CY APR 26-27, 2007 CL Stanfore Univ, Palo Alto, CA HO Stanfore Univ AB It is often easier to persuade someone that something is impossible to do than that it is possible, since the absence of one necessary resource suffices. This makes lying a tempting tactic for negative persuasion. We consider the problem of finding convincing lies for it as one of maintaining consistency of a set of logical assertions; we can track that consistency with a computer program. We use an example of negative persuasion against electronic voting in elections, where automated analysis then suggests ways to prevent it. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-77005-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4744 BP 105 EP 108 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHB41 UT WOS:000252076100014 ER PT J AU Mushrush, GW Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT Willauer, HD Beal, EJ AF Mushrush, G. W. Wynne, J. H. Lloyd, C. T. Willauer, H. D. Beal, E. J. TI Soybean biodiesel: Instability reactions SO PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE marine diesel fuel; methyl esters; soybean oil; vegetable oils ID FUELS AB It has been suggested that renewable energy sources be considered as replacements for middle distillate ground transportation and marine fuels. It is vital for the operational considerations of these fuels to investigate the many positives and negatives of incorporating these renewable energy sources in such systems. In proposing such a replacement, considerations must be given to the many problems that could arise including fuel storage stability, fuel solubility, oxidative stability, and seawater stability. Contrary to air environments, water environments have a pH factor that has to be considered. United States Navy shipboard fuel tanks compensate for diminishing fuel by the addition of seawater to the fuel tank. It was found that this would lead to fuel instability problems such as filter stoppage and other serious engine damage. Studies were performed to determine what in the soybean-derived biodiesels led to the observed fuel degradation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Mushrush, GW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Mat Chem Branch, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6180,Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-6466 J9 PETROL SCI TECHNOL JI Pet. Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1163 EP 1171 DI 10.1080/10916460500423510 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 227RZ UT WOS:000250676800006 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, K. L. TI The vestige of many-body dynamics in relaxation of glass-forming substances and other interacting systems SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Disordered Systems Moveno-Andalo CY MAR 18-21, 2006 CL Trento, ITALY SP Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, DYGLAGEMEM European Network, INFM-CNR, Res Ctr SOFT ID STOKES-EINSTEIN RELATIONS; GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; BULK AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; SUPERCOOLED O-TERPHENYL; COUPLING MODEL; AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE AB Relaxation and diffusion in interacting systems including most glass-forming Substances involve many-body dynamics. The stretch exponent, 11, in the Kohlrasuch correlation function phi(t) = exp[-(t/tau(alpha))(l-n)] is a convenient measure or the many-body relaxation dynamics. Evidences of the importance of the many-body dynamics can be seen from the empirical facts that n either governs or correlates with several general relaxation properties. Two examples of this scenario are shown. The first is the ageing of colloidal glasses. The second is the breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein and the Debye-Stokcs-Einstein relations in small molecular glass Formers, colloidal particle suspensions and a Lennard-Jones system with rotational degree of freedom. The Coupling model has a relation in which n plays a pivotal role in determining relaxation properties. The relation is used Once More to explain the findings of the two examples given in this paper. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ngai@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 63 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 87 IS 3-5 SI SI BP 357 EP 370 DI 10.1080/14786430600900112 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 135JW UT WOS:000244150900002 ER PT J AU Bernstein, N AF Bernstein, N. TI High-temperature annealing of amorphous silicon using tight-binding forces SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Disordered Systems Moveno-Andalo CY MAR 18-21, 2006 CL Trento, ITALY SP Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, DYGLAGEMEM European Network, INFM-CNR, Res Ctr SOFT ID TOTAL-ENERGY METHOD; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; NOBLE-METALS; MODEL; TRANSITION; SI AB We present a simulation of high-temperature annealing of a model of amorphous silicon, computed using a molecular dynamics method with forces from a tight-binding total energy model, to approach a structure that is only dependent on tight-binding energetics. The annealing begins with a perfectly four-fold maintained for about 1ns at 1300 K. We monitor the structure during the annealing, and confirm that it retains the coordination and radial distribution structure of the amorphous solid, rather than those of a liquid. We also monitor the change in network connectivity, to determine how much of the original bonding network remains. We find that most of the atoms have changed most of their neighbours, and nearly all of the rings in the original structure have been eliminated. The annealed structure is then cooled and relaxed to an energy minimum. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bernstein, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM noam.bernstein@nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 87 IS 3-5 SI SI BP 433 EP 439 DI 10.1080/14786430600861009 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 135JW UT WOS:000244150900010 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Casalini, R. Roland, C. M. TI Effect of entropy on the dynamics of supercooled liquids: new results from high pressure data SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Disordered Systems Moveno-Andalo CY MAR 18-21, 2006 CL Trento, ITALY SP Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, DYGLAGEMEM European Network, INFM-CNR, Res Ctr SOFT ID GLASS-TRANSITION; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; GLASSFORMING LIQUIDS; POLYVINYL ACETATE); TEMPERATURE; POLYMERS; MODEL; SALOL AB We show that for arbitrary thermodynamic conditions, master curves of the entropy are obtained by expressing S(T, V) Lis a function of TV gamma G, where T is temperature, V specific volume and gamma(G) the thermodynamic Gruneisen parameter. A similar scaling is known for Structural relaxation times. tau = (TV gamma): however, we find gamma(G)> TeV) neutrinos axe considered. Based on gamma-ray emission properties, the most probable sources of neutrinos are argued to be GRBs, blazars, microquasars, and supernova remnants. Diffuse neutrino sources are also briefly considered. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 60 BP 8 EP 13 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/60/1/002 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGF87 UT WOS:000246508400002 ER PT S AU Bradshaw, J Lollini, C Bishop, BE AF Bradshaw, Joe Lollini, Christopher Bishop, Bradley E. GP IEEE TI On the development of an enhanced optical mouse sensor for odometry and mobile robotics education SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-NINTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 04-06, 2007 CL Macon, GA SP Mercer Univ, Sch Engn, IEEE Cent Georgia Sect DE mobile robots; robotics education; undergraduate research AB This paper focuses on the development of a sensing module, testing methodology and set of experiments for the use of an optical mouse chip as an odometer in mobile robotics, including in an educational setting at the undergraduate level. The test bed includes an integrated microprocessor, mounting board and lens system designed to overcome the basic height to surface and speed limitations on the optical mouse chip with the manufacturer-supplied lens. The finalized system can be used in a mobile robotics course segment on sensing and state estimation. C1 [Bradshaw, Joe; Lollini, Christopher; Bishop, Bradley E.] USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn, 105 Maryland Ave Stop 14A, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bradshaw, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn, 105 Maryland Ave Stop 14A, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM bishop@usna.edu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 978-1-4244-1051-4 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2007 BP 6 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BGB53 UT WOS:000245918900002 ER PT S AU Keegan, CM Bishop, BE AF Keegan, Christopher M. Bishop, Bradley E. GP IEEE TI The sea-scout: A novel multi-mode autonomous vehicle SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-NINTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 04-06, 2007 CL Macon, GA SP Mercer Univ, Sch Engn, IEEE Cent Georgia Sect AB In this paper, we present preliminary results from an undergraduate research project involving the analysis and design of a lightweight multimode vehicle capable of driving on solid ground, swimming on the surface of the water, and easily transitioning between the two. Locomotion in and out of the water is provided by paddlewheels on each side of the vehicle. The physical design of the robot optimizes efficiency in and out of the water while accommodating the necessity for stealth, compactness, and minimal weight. This project has been designed with the expectation of possibly expanding to an autonomous version of the vehicle and also the potential addition of a mechanism for climbing up ferrous surfaces, such as the bull of a ship. C1 [Keegan, Christopher M.; Bishop, Bradley E.] USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21412 USA. RP Keegan, CM (reprint author), USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21412 USA. EM bishop@usna.edu NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 978-1-4244-1051-4 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2007 BP 11 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BGB53 UT WOS:000245918900003 ER PT S AU Smith, ET Feemster, MG Esposito, JM AF Smith, Erik T. Feemster, Matthew G. Esposito, Joel M. GP IEEE TI Swarm manipulation of an unactuated surface vessel SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-NINTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 04-06, 2007 CL Macon, GA SP Mercer Univ, Sch Engn, IEEE Cent Georgia Sect AB This paper investigates the utilization of a swarm of autonomous tug boats to manipulate an unactuated vessel (i.e. barge or disabled vessel). Specifically the objective is to design a control strategy for each craft such that the combined effort of the swarm manipulates the unactuated vessel into a desired position and orientation under the constraints that the tugs can only exert a pushing force. The control scheme is verified through simulation. In addition, a preliminary control experiment was conducted on a custom built experimental teststand at the U.S. Naval Academy. C1 [Smith, Erik T.; Feemster, Matthew G.; Esposito, Joel M.] USN Acad, WSE Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Smith, ET (reprint author), USN Acad, WSE Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM m076276@usna.edu; feemster@usna.edu; esposito@usna.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 978-1-4244-1051-4 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2007 BP 16 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BGB53 UT WOS:000245918900004 ER PT S AU McCook, CJR Esposito, JM AF McCook, Christopher J. R. Esposito, Joel M. GP IEEE TI Flocking for heterogeneous robot swarms: A military convoy scenario SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-NINTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 04-06, 2007 CL Macon, GA SP Mercer Univ, Sch Engn, IEEE Cent Georgia Sect AB In this paper we apply a popular flocking control algorithm to a heterogeneous swarm of robots. The flocking controller contains separation, cohesion and velocity matching terms and has been shown to converge properly in the case of homogeneous swarms. The swarm models a military convoy unit with supply vehicles, defenders, and attackers. Each class of vehicle possesses different maneuvering capabilities and different objectives. In each case we modify the controller accordingly and analyze the emergent behavior of the swarm. C1 [McCook, Christopher J. R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Esposito, Joel M.] USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McCook, CJR (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM m074308@usna.edu; esposito@usna.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 978-1-4244-1051-4 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2007 BP 26 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BGB53 UT WOS:000245918900006 ER PT S AU Robertson, MJ AF Robertson, Michael J. GP IEEE TI Command shaping for automated convoy vehicles SO Proceedings of the Thirty-Ninth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 04-06, 2007 CL Macon, GA SP Mercer Univ, Sch Engn, IEEE Cent Georgia Sect ID VIBRATION; SYSTEMS AB This paper investigates the effects of command shaping techniques originally developed for flexible systems on the vehicle spacing and velocity control of automated vehicle convoys. The proposed approach is based on distance measurements between platoon vehicles. The lead vehicle longitudinal control is developed to follow a reference velocity. The follower vehicles maintain the desired spacing using only distance measurement to the preceding vehicle. When a command shaper is used to modify the reference velocity, errors in vehicle spacing are reduced. Additionally, this approach leads to more physically realizable controller efforts for the follower vehicles and helps maintain and improve string stability. C1 USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Robertson, MJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 978-1-4244-1051-4 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2007 BP 85 EP 89 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BGB53 UT WOS:000245918900018 ER PT S AU Butler, PC Kelley, RP Bishop, BE AF Butler, Patrick C. Kelley, Ryan P. Bishop, Bradley E. GP IEEE TI Control of heterogeneous combat swarms SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-NINTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 04-06, 2007 CL Macon, GA SP Mercer Univ, Sch Engn, IEEE Cent Georgia Sect AB In this undergraduate research paper, we discuss system modeling, mission design and software development for the control of a heterogeneous swarm of autonomous vehicles in combat. Primary focus was on swarm control, combat tactics, and swarm role-allocation. C1 [Butler, Patrick C.; Kelley, Ryan P.; Bishop, Bradley E.] USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21412 USA. RP Butler, PC (reprint author), USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21412 USA. EM bishop@usna.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 978-1-4244-1051-4 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2007 BP 90 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BGB53 UT WOS:000245918900019 ER PT S AU Robertson, MJ AF Robertson, Michael J. GP IEEE TI Command shaping for systems with time delay SO Proceedings of the Thirty-Ninth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 04-06, 2007 CL Macon, GA SP Mercer Univ, Sch Engn, IEEE Cent Georgia Sect ID FLEXIBLE SPACECRAFT; VIBRATION AB Delays in a feedback control system are a nonlinearity that can greatly degrade performance or lead to instability. Communication delays are prevalent in control over large distances and internet-based operations. Process and/or sensor delays are common in biological and chemical systems. While feedback controllers have been developed to account for these delays, often the aggressiveness of the control effort must be tempered to avoid instability, overshoot or other unwanted effects. Command shaping's efficacy in reducing the unwanted dynamics is investigated in this paper. Using a second-order system (mass under PD control) as a test bed, command shapers are used to reduce the additional overshoot that delays in the system create. C1 USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Robertson, MJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 978-1-4244-1051-4 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2007 BP 253 EP 257 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BGB53 UT WOS:000245918900054 ER PT S AU Johnson, PA O'Brien, RT AF Johnson, Philip A. O'Brien, Richard T., Jr. GP IEEE TI An investigation of interceptor guidance methods through modeling and simulation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-NINTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 04-06, 2007 CL Macon, GA SP Mercer Univ, Sch Engn, IEEE Cent Georgia Sect AB During the past half century, Proportional Navigation (PN) has been the de facto standard for guiding numerous types of missiles that track moving targets such as ships or aircraft. Angular Acceleration Guidance (AAG) is a relatively new guidance method that seeks to achieve better performance against targets with non-constant velocity. In general, AAG causes the interceptor to take a more direct route towards the interception point resulting in faster intercepts that expend less energy. The PN method, though slower and more costly, demonstrated more robustness to the initial conditions and yielded a higher rate of success. To capitalize on the predictive behavior of AAG and the robustness of PN, a hybrid solution was created where the interceptor's guidance system used AAG initially and switched to PN during the endgame. The proximity to the target determined when the switch occurred. Numerical simulations reveal that this hybrid method increases the number of successful intercepts compared to the AAG-only solution while significantly reducing the energy costs and intercept time compared to the equivalent PN intercept. C1 [Johnson, Philip A.] USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Johnson, PA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM m073120@usna.edu; riobrien@usna.edu NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 978-1-4244-1051-4 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2007 BP 258 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BGB53 UT WOS:000245918900055 ER PT S AU Dodson, HS O'Brien, RT AF Dodson, Haley S. O'Brien, Richard T., Jr. GP IEEE TI On modeling insulin and glucose kinetics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-NINTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 04-06, 2007 CL Macon, GA SP Mercer Univ, Sch Engn, IEEE Cent Georgia Sect AB The purpose of this study is to form an accurate estimation scheme to model the body's response to insulin. In this experiment, a standard model is utilized because of its ability to predict the time course of glucose after glucose injection and the feasibility and precision of parameter estimation. An estimation scheme using extended filtering techniques will be implemented. The input to the estimator is the measured plasma glucose concentration and the estimators will return the plasma insulin concentration. The estimated insulin values will be compared to physiological data from a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT). C1 [Dodson, Haley S.; O'Brien, Richard T., Jr.] USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Brien, RT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM m071734@usna.edu; riobrien@usna.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 978-1-4244-1051-4 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2007 BP 301 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BGB53 UT WOS:000245918900065 ER PT S AU Michael, S AF Michael, Sherif BE Kartalopoulos, S Demiralp, S Mastorakis, N Soni, R Nassar, H TI A programmable ASIC design of a low sensitivity sampled data filter SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WSEAS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIRCUITS, SYSTEMS, ELECTRONICS, CONTROL & SIGNAL PROCESSING: SELECTED TOPICS ON CIRCUITS, SYSTEMS, ELECTRONICS, CONTROL & SIGNAL PROCESSING SE ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th WSEAS International Conference on Circuits, Systems, Electronics, Control & Signal Processing (CSECS 07) CY DEC 29-31, 2007 CL Cairo, EGYPT SP WSEAS DE ASIC; VLSI; programmable filters; switched capacitors; low sensitivity; low power ID COMPOSITE OPERATIONAL-AMPLIFIERS AB In this paper, a CMOS custom Integrated Circuit featuring a multi-stage Universal Switched-Capacitor (SC) Filter is introduced The network is based on the Generalized-Immittance Converter (GIC) configuration, known for its excellent passive and active sensitivities. CMOS switches were used for elements relocation and are digitally controlled to select and realize different filter topologies. Switches were also used to control banks of binary-weighted capacitors that determine the filter center frequency, quality factor as well as its order. The bilinear transformation was utilized in the SC implementation of the filter resistive elements. Extra care was considered in the design procedure to minimize the effect of stray capacitors on the network transfer functions. The result was a general purpose digitally programmable multi-stage network that can equally compete with the best available stray insensitive filter. The design also inherits the low active and passive sensitivities the GIC enjoys. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Space Syst Acad Grp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Michael, S (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Space Syst Acad Grp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 1790-5117 BN 978-960-6766-28-2 J9 ELE COM ENG PY 2007 BP 52 EP 56 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BHJ28 UT WOS:000253518500008 ER PT J AU Cavaleri, L Alves, JHGM Ardhuin, F Babanin, A Banner, M Belibassakis, K Benoit, M Donelan, M Groeneweg, J Herbers, THC Hwang, P Janssen, PAEM Janssen, T Lavrenov, IV Magne, R Monbaliu, J Onorato, M Polnikov, V Resio, D Rogers, WE Sheremet, A Smith, JM Tolman, HL van Vledder, G Wolf, J Young, I AF Cavaleri, L. Alves, J. -H. G. M. Ardhuin, F. Babanin, A. Banner, M. Belibassakis, K. Benoit, M. Donelan, M. Groeneweg, J. Herbers, T. H. C. Hwang, P. Janssen, P. A. E. M. Janssen, T. Lavrenov, I. V. Magne, R. Monbaliu, J. Onorato, M. Polnikov, V. Resio, D. Rogers, W. E. Sheremet, A. Smith, J. Mckee Tolman, H. L. van Vledder, G. Wolf, J. Young, I. TI Wave modelling - The state of the art SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE wind waves; wind-wave generation; wave-wave interaction; wave propagation; wave dissipation; wave-current interaction; numerics ID SURFACE GRAVITY-WAVES; WIND-GENERATED WAVES; LINEAR ENERGY-TRANSFER; SHALLOW-WATER WAVES; STOCHASTIC-EVOLUTION EQUATIONS; NONLINEAR 4-WAVE INTERACTIONS; DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; WEAK TURBULENCE THEORY; SHORT-FETCH BEHAVIOR; BOUNDARY-LAYER FLOW AB This paper is the product of the wave modelling community and it tries to make a picture of the present situation in this branch of science, exploring the previous and the most recent results and looking ahead towards the solution of the problems we presently face. Both theory and applications are considered. The many faces of the subject imply separate discussions. This is reflected into the single sections, seven of them, each dealing with a specific topic, the whole providing a broad and solid overview of the present state of the art. After an introduction framing the problem and the approach we followed, we deal in sequence with the following subjects: (Section) 2, generation by wind; 3, nonlinear interactions in deep water; 4, white-capping dissipation; 5, nonlinear interactions in shallow water; 6, dissipation at the sea bottom; 7, wave propagation; 8, numerics. The two final sections, 9 and 10, summarize the present situation from a general point of view and try to look at the future developments. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cavaleri, L.] Inst Marine Sci, I-30122 Venice, Italy. [Alves, J. -H. G. M.] MetOcean Engineers Pty Ltd, Jolimont, WA 6014, Australia. [Ardhuin, F.] French Naval Oceanog Ctr, SHOM CMO RED, F-29609 Brest, France. [Babanin, A.; Young, I.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Banner, M.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Math, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Belibassakis, K.] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Shipbuilding Dept, Egaleo 12210, Greece. [Benoit, M.] Lab Natl Hydraul & Environm, F-78400 Chatou, France. [Donelan, M.] Miami Univ, RSMAS AMP, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Groeneweg, J.] Delft Hydraul, NL-2600 MH Delft, Netherlands. [Herbers, T. H. C.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Hwang, P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Janssen, P. A. E. M.] ECMWF, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Janssen, T.] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Fluid Mech Sect, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. [Lavrenov, I. V.] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199397, Russia. [Magne, R.] SHOM, F-29609 Brest, France. [Monbaliu, J.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Hydraul Lab, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. [Onorato, M.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Polnikov, V.] AM Obukhouv Inst Phys Atmoshpere, Moscow 119017, Russia. [Resio, D.; Smith, J. Mckee] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Rogers, W. E.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Sheremet, A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Tolman, H. L.] NOAA, NCEP, SAIC GSO, Camp Springs, MD USA. [van Vledder, G.] Alkyon Hydraul Consultancy & Res, NL-8300 AE Emmeloord, Netherlands. [Wolf, J.] Proudman Oceang Lab, Liverpool L3 5DA, Merseyside, England. RP Cavaleri, L (reprint author), Inst Marine Sci, Castello 1364-A, I-30122 Venice, Italy. EM luigi.cavateri@ismar.cnr.it RI Ardhuin, Fabrice/A-1364-2011; Babanin, Alexander/A-6676-2008; Onorato, Miguel/G-7104-2012; Young, Ian/E-7385-2011; CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; OI Ardhuin, Fabrice/0000-0002-9309-9681; Onorato, Miguel/0000-0001-9141-2147; Young, Ian/0000-0003-2233-9227; CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Banner, Michael/0000-0002-0799-5341; Cavaleri, Luigi/0000-0003-0360-2077; Wolf, Judith/0000-0003-4129-8221; Babanin, Alexander/0000-0002-8595-8204 NR 405 TC 172 Z9 173 U1 5 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 75 IS 4 BP 603 EP 674 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2007.05.005 PG 72 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 248SX UT WOS:000252176800001 ER PT J AU Brooks, DH Warren, HP Ugarte-Urra, I Matsuzaki, K Williams, DR AF Brooks, David H. Warren, Harry P. Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio Matsuzaki, Keiichi Williams, David R. TI Hinode EUV Imaging Spectrometer observations of active region loop morphology: Implications for static heating models of coronal emission SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : UV radiation ID ATOMIC DATABASE; X-RAY; SOLAR; MISSION; CHIANTI; LINES; WIDTH; TRACE AB Theoretically, magnetic fields are expected to expand as they rise above the photosphere and into the corona, so the apparent uniform cross-sections of active region loops are difficult to understand. There has been some debate as to whether coronal loops really have constant cross-sections, or are actually unresolved and composed of expanding threads within the constant cross-section envelopes. Furthermore, loop expansion is critical to the success or failure of hydrostatic models in reproducing the intensities and morphology of observed emission. We analyze Hinode EIS (EUV Imaging Spectrometer) observations of loops in active region 10953 and detect only moderate apex width expansion over a broad range of temperatures from log T-e/K = 5.6 to 6.25. The expansion is less than required by steady-state heating models of coronal emission suggesting that such models will have difficulty reproducing both low and high temperature loop emission simultaneously. At higher temperatures (> log T-e/K = 6.3) the apex widths increase substantially, but the emission at these temperatures likely comes from a combination of multiple loops. These observations demonstrate the advantage of EIS over previous instruments. For the first time, active region loops can be examined over a broad temperature range with high temperature fidelity and the same spatial resolution. The results therefore provide further clues to the coronal heating timescale and thus have implications for the direction of future modeling efforts. C1 [Brooks, David H.; Warren, Harry P.; Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Brooks, David H.; Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22020 USA. [Matsuzaki, Keiichi] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Williams, David R.] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. RP Brooks, DH (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. EM dhbrooks@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; matsuzaki.keiichi@isas.jaxa.jp; drw@mssl.ucl.ac.uk RI Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio/B-1241-2009; Williams, David/E-6676-2011 OI Williams, David/0000-0001-9922-8117 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PY 2007 VL 59 SI 3 BP S691 EP S697 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp3.S691 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262MM UT WOS:000253152600019 ER PT J AU Brown, CM Hara, H Kamio, S Feldman, U Seely, JF Doschek, GA Mariska, JT Korendyke, CM Lang, J Dere, KP Culhane, L Thomas, RJ Davila, JM AF Brown, Charles M. Hara, Hirohisa Kamio, Suguru Feldman, Uri Seely, John F. Doschek, George A. Mariska, John T. Korendyke, Clarence M. Lang, James Dere, Kenneth P. Culhane, Len Thomas, Roger J. Davila, Joseph M. TI Wavelength determination for solar features observed by the EUV Imaging spectrometer on Hinode SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE sun; sun : UV radiation ID B SATELLITE AB A wavelength calibration of solar lines observed by the high resolution EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on the Hinode satellite is reported. Spectral features of the quiet sun and of two mildly active areas were measured and calibrated. A listing of the stronger observed lines with identification of the leading contributor ions is presented. 41 lines are reported, with 90% identified. Wavelength precisions (2 sigma) of +/- 0.0031 A for the EIS short band and ::angstrom 0.0029 A for the EIS long band are obtained. These lines, typical of 1 - 2 x 106 K plasmas, are recommended as standards for the establishment of EIS wavelength scales. The temperature of EIS varies by about 1.degrees 5 C around the orbit and also with spacecraft pointing. The correlation of these temperature changes with wavelength versus pixel number scale changes is reported. C1 [Brown, Charles M.; Seely, John F.; Doschek, George A.; Mariska, John T.; Korendyke, Clarence M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hara, Hirohisa; Kamio, Suguru] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Feldman, Uri] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21047 USA. [Lang, James] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Dere, Kenneth P.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22020 USA. [Culhane, Len] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Thomas, Roger J.; Davila, Joseph M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Brown, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cbrown@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; hirohisa.hara@nao.ac.jp; suguru.kamio@nao.ac.jp; ufeldman@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; jseely@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; gdoschek@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; mariska@nrl.navy.mil; ckorendyke@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; J.Lang@rl.ac.uk; kdere@gmu.edu; jlc@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; Roger.J.Thomas@nasa.gov; Joseph.M.Davila@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PY 2007 VL 59 SI 3 BP S865 EP S869 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp3.S865 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262MM UT WOS:000253152600043 ER PT J AU Culhane, L Harra, LK Baker, D van Driel-Gesztelyi, L Sun, J Doschek, GA Brooks, DH Lundquist, LL Kamio, S Young, PR Hansteen, VH AF Culhane, Len Harra, Louise K. Baker, Deborah van Driel-Gesztelyi, Lidia Sun, Jian Doschek, George A. Brooks, David H. Lundquist, Loraine L. Kamio, Suguru Young, Peter R. Hansteen, Viggo H. TI Hinode EUV study of jets in the sun's south polar corona SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE sun : atmospheric motions; sun : corona; sun : UV radiation ID X-RAY JETS; TRANSITION REGION; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; ENERGY DEPOSITION; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; TELESCOPE; YOHKOH; CHROMOSPHERE; MISSION AB A number of coronal bright points and associated plasma jet features were seen in an observation of the South polar coronal hole during 2007 January. The 40 '' wide slot was used at the focus of the Hinode EUV Imaging Spectrometer to provide spectral images for two of these events. Light curves are plotted for a number of emission lines that include He II 256 angstrom (0.079 MK) and cover the temperature interval from 0.4 MK to 5.0 MK. Jet speed measurements indicate values less than the escape velocity. The light curves show a post-jet enhancement in a number of the cooler coronal lines indicating that after a few minutes cooling, the plasma fell back to its original acceleration site. This behavior has not been previously observed by e.g., the Yohkoh Soft X-ray Telescope due to the comparatively high temperature cut-off in its response. The observations are consistent with the existing models that involve magnetic reconnection between emerging flux and the ambient open field lines in the polar coronal hole. However we do not have sufficient coverage of lines from lower temperature ion species to register the Ha-emitting surge material that is associated with some of these models. C1 [Culhane, Len; Harra, Louise K.; Baker, Deborah; van Driel-Gesztelyi, Lidia; Sun, Jian] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Doschek, George A.; Brooks, David H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lundquist, Loraine L.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kamio, Suguru] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Young, Peter R.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, STFC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Hansteen, Viggo H.] Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. RP Culhane, L (reprint author), UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM jlc@mssl.ucl.ac.uk NR 19 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PY 2007 VL 59 SI 3 BP S751 EP S756 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp3.S751 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262MM UT WOS:000253152600027 ER PT J AU Dere, KP Doschek, GA Mariska, JT Hansteen, VH Harra, LK Matsuzaki, K Thomas, RJ AF Dere, Kenneth P. Doschek, George A. Mariska, John T. Hansteen, Viggo H. Harra, Louise K. Matsuzaki, Keiichi Thomas, Roger J. TI The structure and dynamics of the quiet corona from observations with the Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer on Hinode SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE profiles; Sun : corona; Sun : transition region ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; EXPLOSIVE EVENTS; ATOMIC DATABASE; TRANSITION ZONE; EMISSION-LINES; SOLAR; CHIANTI; SUN AB The goal of the Hinode mission is to provide an observational basis for understanding the heating and acceleration of coronal plasmas. On 2007 January 20, the Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer performed a raster of a quiet region near Sun center. Maps of intensities, velocities, and electron densities derived from these observations are presented and discussed. Intensity maps in He II lambda 256, formed at 9 x 10(4) K, show the chromospheric network. Line intensities of Fe X-XIV, formed at temperatures from 1-2 x 10(6) K, show small-scale bright points and more extended structures. The intensity map of Fe VIII shows a transition between the two temperatures. The coronal lines reveal regions of high outflow velocities on the order of 100 km s(-1) in a compact region and 12 km s(-1) in an extended region. The presence of such high velocities in the quiet corona is an entirely new and unexpected result. Electron densities derived from density sensitive line ratios of Fe XII and XIII are typically 3-20 x 10(8) cm(-3). The highest densities are found in bright, compact areas. For the first time, explosive events in the quiet sun have been observed in the extreme-ultraviolet in He II lambda 256 profiles. C1 [Dere, Kenneth P.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Doschek, George A.; Mariska, John T.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hansteen, Viggo H.] Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. [Harra, Louise K.] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Matsuzaki, Keiichi] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Thomas, Roger J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Dere, KP (reprint author), George Mason Univ, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM kdere@gmu.edu NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PY 2007 VL 59 SI 3 BP S721 EP S726 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp3.S721 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262MM UT WOS:000253152600023 ER PT J AU Doschek, GA Mariska, JT Warren, HP Culhane, L Watanabe, T Young, PR Mason, HE Dere, KP AF Doschek, George A. Mariska, John T. Warren, Harry P. Culhane, Len Watanabe, Tetsuya Young, Peter R. Mason, Helen E. Dere, Kenneth P. TI The temperature and density structure of an active region observed with the extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer on Hinode SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation AB The Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on Hinode produces high resolution spectra that can be combined via rasters into monochromatic images of solar structures, such as active regions. Electron temperature and density maps of the structures can be obtained by imaging the structures in different spectral lines with ratios sensitive to either temperature or density. Doppler maps and ion temperature maps can be made from spectral line wavelengths and profiles, respectively. In this paper we discuss coronal temperature and density distributions within an active region, illustrating the power of EIS for solar plasma diagnostics. C1 [Doschek, George A.; Mariska, John T.; Warren, Harry P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Culhane, Len] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Watanabe, Tetsuya] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Young, Peter R.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, STFC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Mason, Helen E.] Ctr Math Sci, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. [Dere, Kenneth P.] George Mason Univ, Dept Computat & Data Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Doschek, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM george..doschek@nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PY 2007 VL 59 SI 3 BP S707 EP S712 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp3.S707 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262MM UT WOS:000253152600021 ER PT J AU Hansteen, VH De Pontieu, B Carlsson, M McIntosh, S Watanabe, T Warren, HP Harra, LK Hara, H Tarbell, TD Shine, D Title, AM Schrijver, CJ Tsuneta, S Katsukawa, Y Ichimoto, K Suematsu, Y Shimizu, T AF Hansteen, Viggo H. De Pontieu, Bart Carlsson, Mats McIntosh, Scott Watanabe, Tetsuya Warren, Harry P. Harra, Louise K. Hara, Hirohisa Tarbell, Theodore D. Shine, Dick Title, Alan M. Schrijver, Carolus J. Tsuneta, Saku Katsukawa, Yukio Ichimoto, Kiyoshi Suematsu, Yoshinori Shimizu, Toshifumi TI On connecting the dynamics of the chromosphere and transition region with Hinode SOT and EIS SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE Sun : chromosphere; Sun : corona; Sun : flux emergence; Sun : transition region; Sun : UV radiation ID LONGITUDINAL INTENSITY OSCILLATIONS; PHOTOSPHERIC OSCILLATIONS; MEASURED PARAMETERS; SOLAR CHROMOSPHERE; RESOLUTION; SPICULES; TRACE AB We use coordinated Hinode SOT/EIS observations that include high-resolution magnetograms, chromospheric, and transition region (TR) imaging, and TR/coronal spectra in a first test to study how the dynamics of the TR are driven by the highly dynamic photospheric magnetic fields and the ubiquitous chromospheric waves. Initial analysis shows that these connections are quite subtle and require a combination of techniques including magnetic field extrapolations, frequency-filtered time-series, and comparisons with synthetic chromospheric and TR images from advanced 3D numerical simulations. As a first result, we find signatures of magnetic flux emergence as well as 3 and 5 mHz wave power above regions of enhanced photospheric magnetic field in both chromospheric, transition region, and coronal emission. C1 [Hansteen, Viggo H.; Carlsson, Mats] Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. [Hansteen, Viggo H.; De Pontieu, Bart; Tarbell, Theodore D.; Shine, Dick; Title, Alan M.; Schrijver, Carolus J.] Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [McIntosh, Scott] SW Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [McIntosh, Scott] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Watanabe, Tetsuya; Hara, Hirohisa; Tsuneta, Saku; Katsukawa, Yukio; Suematsu, Yoshinori] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Warren, Harry P.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Harra, Louise K.] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Shimizu, Toshifumi] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. RP Hansteen, VH (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, PB 1029, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. EM Viggo.Hansteen@astro.uio.no NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PY 2007 VL 59 SI 3 BP S699 EP S706 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp3.S699 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262MM UT WOS:000253152600020 ER PT J AU Harra, LK Hara, H Imada, S Young, PR Williams, DR Sterling, AC Korendyke, C Attrill, GDR AF Harra, Louise K. Hara, Hirohisa Imada, Shinsuke Young, Peter R. Williams, David R. Sterling, Alphonse C. Korendyke, Clarence Attrill, Gemma D. R. TI Coronal dimming observed with Hinode: Outflows related to a coronal mass ejection SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE sun : activity; sun : coronal mass ejections; sun : flares; sun : UV radiation ID EIT WAVES; MISSION; REGIONS; EVENT AB Coronal dimming has been a signature used to determine the source of plasma that forms part of a coronal mass ejection (CME) for many years. Generally dimming is detected through imaging instruments such as SOHO EIT by taking difference images. Hinode tracked active region 10930 from which there were a series of flares. We combined dimming observations from EIT with Hinode data to show the impact of flares and coronal mass ejections on the region surrounding the flaring active region, and we discuss evidence that the eruption resulted in a prolonged steady outflow of material from the corona. The dimming region shows clear structure with extended loops whose footpoints are the source of the strongest outflow (approximate to 40 km s(-1)). This confirms that the loops that are disrupted during the event do lose plasma and hence are likely to form part of the CME. This is the first time the velocity of the coronal plasma has been measured in an extended dimming region away from the flare core. In addition there was a weaker steady outflow from extended, faint loops outside the active region before the eruption, which is also long lasting. These were disturbed and the velocity increased following the flare. Such outflows could be the source of the slow solar wind. C1 [Harra, Louise K.; Williams, David R.; Attrill, Gemma D. R.] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Hara, Hirohisa; Imada, Shinsuke] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Young, Peter R.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, STFC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Sterling, Alphonse C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Off VP62, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Korendyke, Clarence] USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Harra, LK (reprint author), UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM lkh@mssl.ucl.ac.uk RI Williams, David/E-6676-2011 OI Williams, David/0000-0001-9922-8117 NR 20 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PY 2007 VL 59 SI 3 BP S801 EP S806 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp3.S801 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262MM UT WOS:000253152600034 ER PT J AU Imada, S Hara, H Watanabe, T Kamio, S Asai, A Matsuzaki, K Harra, LK Mariska, JT AF Imada, Shinsuke Hara, Hirohisa Watanabe, Tetsuya Kamio, Suguru Asai, Ayumi Matsuzaki, Keiichi Harra, Louise K. Mariska, John T. TI Discovery of a temperature-dependent upflow in the plage region during a gradual phase of the X-class flare SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE sun : corona; sun : coronal mass ejection; sun : flares; sun : solar wind ID SOLAR-FLARE; CHROMOSPHERIC EVAPORATION; EMISSION-LINES; RECONNECTION; HINODE; WIND AB We present Hinode/EIS raster scan observations of the plage region taken during the gradual phase of the GOES X3.2 flare that occurred on 2006 December 13. The plage region is located 200 '' east of the flare arcade. The plage region has a small transient coronal hole. The transient coronal hole is strongly affected by an X-class flare, and upflows are observed at its boundary. Multi-wavelength spectral observations allow us to determine velocities from the Doppler shifts at different temperatures. Strong upflows along with stationary plasma have been observed in the Fe XV line 284.2 angstrom (log T/K = 6.3) in the plage region. The strong upflows reach almost 150 km s(-1), which was estimated by a two-component Gaussian fitting. On the other hand, at a lower corona/transition region temperature (He II, 256.3 angstrom, log T/K = 4.9), very weak upflows, almost stationary, have been observed. We find that these upflow velocities clearly depend on the temperature with the hottest line, Fe XV, showing the fastest upflow velocity and the second-highest line, Fe XIV, showing the second-highest upflow velocity (130 km s-1). All velocities are below the sound speed. The trend of the upflow dependence on temperature dramatically changes at 1 MK. These results suggest that heating may have an important role for strong upflow. C1 [Imada, Shinsuke; Hara, Hirohisa; Watanabe, Tetsuya; Kamio, Suguru] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Asai, Ayumi] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Nobeyama Solar Radio Observ, Minamisa Ku, Minamimaki, Nagano 3841305, Japan. [Matsuzaki, Keiichi] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Harra, Louise K.] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Mariska, John T.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Imada, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. EM shinsuke.imada@nao.ac.jp NR 18 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PY 2007 VL 59 SI 3 BP S793 EP S799 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp3.S793 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262MM UT WOS:000253152600033 ER PT J AU Kamio, S Hara, H Watanabe, T Matsuzaki, K Shibata, K Culhane, L Warren, HP AF Kamio, Suguru Hara, Hirohisa Watanabe, Tetsuya Matsuzaki, Keiichi Shibata, Kazunari Culhane, Len Warren, Harry P. TI Velocity structure of jets in a coronal hole SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE sun : atmospheric motions; sun : corona; sun : UV radiation ID X-RAY TELESCOPE; SOLAR-A MISSION; HINODE; LINES AB The velocity structures of jets in a coronal hole have been derived for the first time. Hinode observations revealed the existence of many bright points in coronal holes. They are loop-shaped and sometimes associated with coronal jets. Spectra obtained with the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer aboard Hinode were analyzed to infer the Doppler velocity of bright loops and jets in a coronal hole of the north polar region. Elongated jets above bright loops are found to be blue-shifted by 30 km s(-1) at maximum, while foot points of bright loops are red-shifted. Blue-shifts detected in coronal jets are interpreted as being upflows produced by magnetic reconnection between emerging flux and the ambient field in the coronal hole. C1 [Kamio, Suguru; Hara, Hirohisa; Watanabe, Tetsuya] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Solar Phys Div, Hinode Sci Ctr, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Matsuzaki, Keiichi] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Shibata, Kazunari] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Kwasan Observ, Yamashina Ku, Kyoto 6078471, Japan. [Culhane, Len] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Warren, Harry P.] USN, Res Lab, Solar Terr Relationships Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kamio, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Solar Phys Div, Hinode Sci Ctr, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. EM suguru.kamio@nao.ac.jp NR 15 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PY 2007 VL 59 SI 3 BP S757 EP S762 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp3.S757 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262MM UT WOS:000253152600028 ER PT J AU Mariska, JT Warren, HP Ugarte-Urra, I Brooks, DH Williams, DR Hara, H AF Mariska, John T. Warren, Harry P. Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio Brooks, David H. Williams, David R. Hara, Hirohisa TI Hinode EUV Imaging Spectrometer observations of solar active region dynamics SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : oscillations; Sun : UV radiation ID CORONAL LOOP OSCILLATIONS; B SATELLITE; MISSION AB The EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on the Hinode satellite is capable of measuring emission line center positions for Gaussian line profiles to a fraction of a spectral pixel, resulting in relative solar Doppler-shift measurements with an accuracy of a less than a km s(-1) for strong lines. We show an example of the application of that capability to an active region sit-and-stare observation in which the EIS slit is placed at one location on the Sun and many exposures are taken while the spacecraft tracking keeps the same solar location within the slit. For the active region examined (NOAA 10930), we find that significant intensity and Doppler-shift fluctuations as a function of time are present at a number of locations. These fluctuations appear to be similar to those observed in high-temperature emission lines with other space-borne spectroscopic instruments. With its increased sensitivity over earlier spectrometers and its ability to image many emission lines simultaneously, EIS should provide significant new constraints on Doppler-shift oscillations in the corona. C1 [Mariska, John T.; Warren, Harry P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio; Brooks, David H.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22020 USA. [Williams, David R.] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Hara, Hirohisa] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. RP Mariska, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mariska@nrl.navy.mil RI Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio/B-1241-2009; Williams, David/E-6676-2011 OI Williams, David/0000-0001-9922-8117 NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PY 2007 VL 59 SI 3 BP S713 EP S719 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp3.S713 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262MM UT WOS:000253152600022 ER PT J AU Matsuzaki, K Hara, H Watanabe, T Dere, KP Brown, CM Culhane, L AF Matsuzaki, Keiichi Hara, Hirohisa Watanabe, Tetsuya Dere, Kenneth P. Brown, Charles M. Culhane, Len TI Hot and cool loops composing the corona of the quiet Sun SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : transition region ID UNRESOLVED FINE-STRUCTURES; TRANSITION REGION; TEMPERATURE REGION; SOLAR ATMOSPHERE; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; HINODE MISSION; SOHO MISSION; SPECTROMETER; TELESCOPE AB We performed a raster scan observation of the quiet Sun with the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) aboard Hinode and simultaneously analyzed observed emission lines of Fe VIII to xv. From a combined analysis, radiance maps from the observed emission lines were deconvolved into plasma components at five representative temperatures between 0.40 MK and 2.63 MK. While the lowest temperature component shows network structures on spatial scales of between 10 '' and 20 '', the higher temperature components show thread-like patterns on larger scales. A comparison of emission measures at the different temperatures suggests that the lowest temperature component is mainly composed of bodies of small loops, rather than a collection of foot points of the higher temperature loops. The difference in morphologies is interpreted as being due to different magnetic field configurations, loops within super-granule cells and fields extending beyond the boundaries of super-granule cells, with distinct peak temperatures following a loop scaling law. C1 [Matsuzaki, Keiichi] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Hara, Hirohisa; Watanabe, Tetsuya] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Dere, Kenneth P.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Brown, Charles M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Culhane, Len] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. RP Matsuzaki, K (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. EM matuzaki@solar.isas.jaxa.jp NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PY 2007 VL 59 SI 3 BP S683 EP S689 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp3.S683 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262MM UT WOS:000253152600018 ER PT J AU Warren, HP Ugarte-Urra, I Brooks, DH Cirtain, JW Williams, DR Hara, H AF Warren, Harry P. Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio Brooks, David H. Cirtain, Jonathan W. Williams, David R. Hara, Hirohisa TI Observations of transient active region heating with Hinode SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : corona ID SOFT-X-RAY; CORONAL-EXPLORER; LOOPS; TELESCOPE; SUN; BRIGHTENINGS; MISSION; YOHKOH; TRACE AB We present observations of transient active region heating events observed with the Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) and X-ray Telescope (XRT) on Hinode. This initial investigation focuses on NOAA active region 10940 as observed by Hinode on 2007 February 1 between 12 and 19UT. In these observations we find numerous examples of transient heating events within the active region. The high spatial resolution and broad temperature coverage of these instruments allows us to track the evolution of coronal plasma. The evolution of the emission observed with XRT and EIS during these events is generally consistent with loops that have been heated and are cooling. We have analyzed the most energetic heating event observed during this period, a small GOES B-class flare, in some detail and present some of the spectral signatures of the event, such as relative Doppler shifts at one of the loop footpoints and enhanced line widths during the rise phase of the event. While the analysis of these transient events has the potential to yield insights into the coronal heating mechanism, these observations do not rule out the possibility that there is a strong steady heating level in the active region. Detailed statistical analysis will be required to address this question definitively. C1 [Warren, Harry P.; Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio; Brooks, David H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio; Brooks, David H.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cirtain, Jonathan W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. [Williams, David R.] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Hara, Hirohisa] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. RP Warren, HP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hwarren@nrl.navy.mil; iugarte@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil RI Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio/B-1241-2009; Williams, David/E-6676-2011 OI Williams, David/0000-0001-9922-8117 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PY 2007 VL 59 SI 3 BP S675 EP S681 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp3.S675 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262MM UT WOS:000253152600017 ER PT J AU Watanabe, T Hara, H Culhane, L Harra, LK Doschek, GA Mariska, JT Young, PR AF Watanabe, Tetsuya Hara, Hirohisa Culhane, Len Harra, Louise K. Doschek, George A. Mariska, John T. Young, Peter R. TI Temperature and density structures of solar corona - A test of iron line diagnostic capability of EIS instrument on board Hinode SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE iron emission line diagnostics; Sun : corona; Sun : flares; Sun : UV radiation ID ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING SPECTROMETER; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; B SATELLITE; MISSION; CHIANTI AB Increased diagnostic capability of the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) aboard Hinode (former Solar-B) has been demonstrated with a set of iron emission lines emerging in the two EIS observing wavelength bands (170-210 angstrom and 250-290 angstrom) and their line-intensity ratios. "Abundance-uncertainty" free relative emission measure distributions as a function of temperature were deduced using only iron emission lines of various ionization stages. First-light spectra of a small active region show iron lines ranging from Fe VIII (185.2 angstrom and 186.6 angstrom) through Fe XVII (204.7 angstrom, 254.9 angstrom, and 269.4 angstrom). Spectra of a C-class flare confirms the presence of one of these higher temperature lines (Fe XVII at 254.9 angstrom) more clearly, as well showing Fe XXIV (192.0 angstrom and 255.1 angstrom) and Fe XXIII (263.8 angstrom), which are normally only seen at flare temperatures. C1 [Watanabe, Tetsuya; Hara, Hirohisa] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Watanabe, Tetsuya; Hara, Hirohisa] Grad Univ Adv Studies, Kanagawa 2400193, Japan. [Culhane, Len; Harra, Louise K.] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Doschek, George A.; Mariska, John T.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Young, Peter R.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Watanabe, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. EM watanabe@uvlab.mtk.nao.ac.jp; hara@solar.mtk.noo.ac.jp; jlc@inssl.ucl.ac.uk; lkh@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; george.doschek@nrl.navy.mil; mariska@nrl.navy.mil; PR.Young@rl.ac.uk NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PY 2007 VL 59 SI 3 BP S669 EP S674 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp3.S669 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262MM UT WOS:000253152600016 ER PT J AU Young, PR Del Zanna, G Mason, HE Doschek, GA Culhane, L Hara, H AF Young, Peter R. Del Zanna, Giulio Mason, Helen E. Doschek, George A. Culhane, Len Hara, Hirohisa TI Solar transition region features observed with Hinode/EIS SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE Sun : transition region; Sun : UV radiation ID ATOMIC DATABASE; ACTIVE REGIONS; EMISSION-LINES; CHIANTI; LOOPS AB Two types of solar active region feature prominent at transition region temperatures are identified in Hinode/EIS data of AR 10938 taken on 2007 January 20. The footpoints of 1 MK TRACE loops are shown to emit strongly in emission lines formed at log T = 5.4-5.8, allowing the temperature increase along the footpoints to be clearly seen. A density diagnostic of Mg VII yields the density in the footpoints, with one loop showing a decrease from 3 x 10(9) cm(-3) at the base to 1.5 x 10(9) cm(-3) at a projected height of 20 Mm. The second feature is a compact active region transition region brightening which is particularly intense in 0 v emission (log T = 5.4) but also has a signature at temperatures up to log T = 6.3. The Mg VII diagnostic gives a density of 4 x 10(10) cm(-3), and emission lines of Mg VI and Mg VII show line profiles broadened by 50 km s(-1) and wings extending beyond 200 km s(-1). Continuum emission in the short wavelength band is also found to be enhanced, and is suggested to be free-bound emission from recombination onto He+. C1 [Young, Peter R.] STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Del Zanna, Giulio; Culhane, Len] UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Surrey, England. [Mason, Helen E.] Ctr Math Sci, DAMTP, Cambridge, England. [Doschek, George A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hara, Hirohisa] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. RP Young, PR (reprint author), STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. NR 14 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PY 2007 VL 59 SI 3 BP S727 EP S733 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp3.S727 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262MM UT WOS:000253152600024 ER PT J AU Young, PR Del Zanna, G Mason, HE Dere, KP Landi, E Landini, M Doschek, GA Brown, CM Culhane, L Harra, LK Watanabe, T Hara, H AF Young, Peter R. Del Zanna, Giulio Mason, Helen E. Dere, Ken P. Landi, Enrico Landini, Massimo Doschek, George A. Brown, Charles M. Culhane, Len Harra, Louise K. Watanabe, Tetsuya Hara, Hirohisa TI EUV emission lines and diagnostics observed with Hinode/EIS SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE line : identification; sun : corona; sun : transition region; sun : UV radiation ID ATOMIC DATABASE; FE-XII; CHIANTI AB Quiet Sun and active region spectra from the Hinode/EIS instrument are presented, and the strongest lines from different temperature regions discussed. A list of emission lines recommended to be included in EIS observation studies is presented based on analysis of blending and diagnostic potential using the CHIANTI atomic database. In addition we identify the most useful density diagnostics from the ions covered by EIS. C1 [Young, Peter R.] STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Del Zanna, Giulio; Culhane, Len; Harra, Louise K.] UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Dorking, Surrey, England. [Mason, Helen E.] Ctr Math Sci, DAMTP, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. [Dere, Ken P.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Landi, Enrico; Doschek, George A.; Brown, Charles M.] USN, Res Lab, Artep Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Landini, Massimo] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Watanabe, Tetsuya; Hara, Hirohisa] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. RP Young, PR (reprint author), STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 10 TC 124 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PY 2007 VL 59 SI 3 BP S857 EP S864 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp3.S857 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262MM UT WOS:000253152600042 ER PT S AU Johnson, M AF Johnson, Mark BE Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI Spin injection and accumulation in mesoscopic metal device structures - art. no. 647906 SO Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices IV CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE spintronics; magnetoelectronics; spin electronics; magnetic tunnel junctions; spin valves; spin injection; MRAM ID CHARGE AB There have been several recent experiments involving spin injection and accumulation in mesoscopic metal samples, using lateral spin valve structures. The results have been interesting from the perspectives of both fundamental physics and applications. The resistance change associated with spin accumulation, Delta R, has been predicted to scale inversely with sample volume and this inverse scaling has been observed over ten decades. A value of Delta R = 1 Ohm has been reported. at room temperature, in a thin film Al wire structure with transverse dimensions of roughly 100 nm. High values of AR have been observed in samples characterized by electrode interface resistances that vary by 6 decades. Results are discussed within the framework of Johnson-Silsbee theory, and factors that limit inverse scaling are identified. Lateral spin valves with dimensions of tens of nm may be competitive for device applications. Structures with Delta R of order 1 Ohm are Superior to CPP spin valves of comparable dimensions. Prospects for improved performance, the plausibility of a lateral spin valve with output levels of 10 Ohms and output impedance of 50 Ohms, and relevance to hard drive read heads and integrated nonvolatile random access memory applications are discussed. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Av SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6592-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6479 BP 47906 EP 47906 AR 647906 DI 10.1117/12.696266 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGF07 UT WOS:000246393600002 ER PT S AU Meyer, JR Kim, CS Kim, M Canedy, CL Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I AF Meyer, J. R. Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Canedy, C. L. Bewley, W. W. Lindle, J. R. Vurgaftman, I. BE Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI Interband cascade distributed-feedback lasers - art. no. 647916 SO Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices IV CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE diode laser; interband cascade laser; quantum well; mid-infrared; distributed-feedback laser ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MU-M; DIODE-LASERS; HIGH-POWER; W-DIODE AB Significant recent advances in the high-temperature, high-power performance of type-II antimonide interband cascade lasers (ICLs) operating in the mid-infrared are reported. A 5-stage ICL with a 12-mu m ridge width and Au electroplating for improved epitaxial-side-up heat sinking operates cw to a maximum temperature of 257 K, where the emission wavelength is 3.7 mu m. A similar device with a ridge width of 22 mu m emits > 260 mW per facet for cw operation at 80 K (lambda = 3.4 mu m) and 100 mW at 200 K (lambda = 3.6 mu m). Beam qualities for the narrowest ridges approach the diffraction limit. A single-mode output power of 41 mW has been obtained at T = 120 K and lambda approximate to 3.44 pm from a 13-mu m-wide ICL patterned with a Ge distributed-feedback grating. The side mode suppression ratio at the maximum power is 23 dB, and the linewidth of 0.1 nm is instrument-limited. An alternate contacting geometry yielded robust single-mode output over a broad range of currents and temperatures, and current tuning of the wavelength by up to 17 nm. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6592-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6479 BP 47916 EP 47916 AR 647916 DI 10.1117/12.693445 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGF07 UT WOS:000246393600020 ER PT S AU Aifer, EH Vurgaftman, I Canedy, CL Warner, JH Jackson, EM Tischler, JG Meyer, JR AF Aifer, E. H. Vurgaftman, I. Canedy, C. L. Warner, J. H. Jackson, E. M. Tischler, J. G. Meyer, J. R. BE Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI Recent progress in W-structured type-II superlattice photodiodes - art. no. 64790Y SO Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices IV CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE type-II superlattice; strained layer superlattice; GaSb; III-V; IR detector; LWIR; photodiode ID DIODES; LASERS; NOISE AB Recently we have achieved significant improvements in the performance of LWIR type-II superlattice photodiodes, with discrete devices beginning to demonstrate dynamic impedance-area product (R0A) levels approaching the MCT trend line and quantum efficiency exceeding 30% in devices without anti-reflection coatings. We discuss the key innovations that have led to these improvements, including modified W-structures, band-gap grading, and hybrid superlattices. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aifer, EH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6592-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6479 BP Y4790 EP Y4790 AR 64790Y DI 10.1117/12.714794 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGF07 UT WOS:000246393600017 ER PT B AU Buchner, S McMorrow, D Bernard, M Roche, N Dusseau, L AF Buchner, Stephen McMorrow, Dale Bernard, Muriel Roche, Nicolas Dusseau, Laurent BE Girard, S Richard, N TI Total Dose Effects on Error Rates in Linear Bipolar Systems SO RADECS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Deauville, FRANCE DE Bipolar circuit; single event transient; total dose; error rate ID SINGLE-EVENT TRANSIENTS; CIRCUITS AB The shapes of single event transients in linear bipolar circuits are distorted by exposure to total ionizing dose radiation. Some transients become broader and others become narrower. Such distortions may affect the Single Event Transient (SET) system error rates in a radiation environment. If the transients are broadened by total ionizing dose (TID) exposure, the error rate could increase during the course of a mission, a possibility that has implications for hardness assurance. C1 [Buchner, Stephen] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Perot Syst Govt Serv, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [McMorrow, Dale] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bernard, Muriel; Roche, Nicolas; Dusseau, Laurent] Univ Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier, France. RP Buchner, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Perot Syst Govt Serv, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM sbuchner@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov; mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; bernard@ies.univ-montp2.fr; nicolas.roche@ies.univ-montp2.fr; dusseau@ies.univ-montp2.fr FU NASA's Electronic Parts and Packaging Program FX This work was supported in part by NASA's Electronic Parts and Packaging Program. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1704-9 PY 2007 BP 210 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQF06 UT WOS:000280831500030 ER PT B AU Fouillat, P Pouget, V McMorrow, D Darracq, F Buchner, S Lewis, D AF Fouillat, Pascal Pouget, Vincent McMorrow, Dale Darracq, Frederic Buchner, Stephen Lewis, Dean BE Velazco, R Fouillat, P Reis, R TI Fundamentals of the pulsed laser technique for single-event upset testing SO RADIATION EFFECTS ON EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International School on Effects Radiation on Embedded Systems for Space Applications CY NOV 20-25, 2005 CL Manaus, BRAZIL ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; GENERATION; COLLECTION; SIMULATION; DESIGNS; ANALOG AB This paper describes the use of a pulsed laser for studying radiation-induced single-event effects in integrated circuits. The basic failure mechanisms and the fundamentals of the laser testing method are presented. Sample results are presented to illustrate the benefits of using a pulsed laser for studying single-event upsets in memories. C1 [Fouillat, Pascal; Pouget, Vincent; Darracq, Frederic; Lewis, Dean] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, UMR 5818, IXL, 351 Cours Liberat, F-33405 Talence, France. [McMorrow, Dale] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Buchner, Stephen] QSS Grp Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. RP Fouillat, P (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, UMR 5818, IXL, 351 Cours Liberat, F-33405 Talence, France. EM fouillat@ixl.fr; pouget@ixl.fr; mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; darracq@ixl.fr; sbuchner@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov; lewis@ixl.fr FU Region Aquitaine; CNES; EADS; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA); Office of Naval Research FX The authors acknowledge, for their respective works, the following supports: Region Aquitaine, CNES, EADS, Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) and the Office of Naval Research NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-5645-1 PY 2007 BP 121 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5646-8_6 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BGI91 UT WOS:000247367600006 ER PT J AU Mathur, VK Barkyoumb, JH Yukihara, EG Goksu, HY AF Mathur, V. K. Barkyoumb, J. H. Yukihara, E. G. Goeksu, H. Y. TI Radiation sensitivity of memory chip module of an ID card SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article DE dosimetry; triage; optically stimulated luminescence; smart chip module ID OSL; TL AB The utility of ID card chip modules to function as a radiation dosimeter is investigated. Specifically the thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) of a sampling of chip modules are measured over the range of 0.4-12 Gy. Both infrared (830 nm) from a laser diode and blue light (470 nm) from LEDs were used to perform the OSL measurements. The TL measurements showed a linear dose-response relationship, but the TL suffered from a large zero-dose signal in the unirradiated samples and dose regeneration with time after heating the chip modules. The OSL measurements also showed a linear dose-response, but did not exhibit a zero-dose signal or regeneration. Performing the infrared OSL measurements at a temperature of 140 degrees C may improve the dose sensitivity to 0.15 Gy, but the dose-response is supralinear in the dose range investigated. Curve fitting of infrared and blue stimulated luminescence curves showed that both exhibit a fast and a slow component. Thermal stability studies indicates the presence of a component that decays in the first hour of irradiation, and a component that is stable at least during the period of investigation (up to 10 h). This stable component is more appropriate for dosimetry purposes. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Carderock Div, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth GSF, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. RP Mathur, VK (reprint author), Carderock Div, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM veerendra.mathur@navy.mil RI Yukihara, Eduardo/F-1345-2014 OI Yukihara, Eduardo/0000-0002-4615-6698 NR 8 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.radmeas.2006.06.012 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186TW UT WOS:000247802200007 ER PT S AU Papon, JA Broussard, RP Ives, RW AF Papon, Jeremie A. Broussard, Randy P. Ives, Robert W. BE Kehtarnavaz, N Carlsohn, M TI Dual camera system for acquisition of high resolution images - art. no. 649604 SO Real-Time Image Processing 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Real-Time Image Processing 2007 CY JAN 29-30, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE surveillance; real-time video; biometrics; MATLAB AB Video surveillance is ubiquitous in modem society, but surveillance cameras are severely limited in utility by their low resolution. With this in mind, we have developed a system that can autonomously take high resolution still frame images of moving objects. In order to do this, we combine a low resolution video camera and a high resolution still frame camera mounted on a pan/tilt mount. In order to determine what should be photographed (objects of interest), we employ a hierarchical method which first separates foreground from background using a temporal-based median filtering technique. We then use a feed-forward neural network classifier on the foreground regions to determine whether the regions contain the objects of interest. This is done over several frames, and a motion vector is deduced for the object. The pan/tilt mount then focuses the high resolution camera on the next predicted location of the object, and an image is acquired. All components are controlled through a single MATLAB graphical user interface (GUI). The final system we present will be able to detect multiple moving objects simultaneously, track them, and acquire high resolution images of them. Results will demonstrate performance tracking and imaging varying numbers of objects moving at different speeds. C1 United State Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21412 USA. RP Papon, JA (reprint author), United State Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21412 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6609-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6496 BP 49604 EP 49604 AR 649604 DI 10.1117/12.702532 PG 8 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGG45 UT WOS:000246672200003 ER PT S AU Jensen, DJ Rowenhorst, DJ Schmidt, S AF Jensen, D. Juul Rowenhorst, D. J. Schmidt, S. BE Kang, SJL Huh, MY Hwang, NM Homma, H Ushioda, K Ikuhara, Y TI Misorientation aspects of growth during recrystallisation SO RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth, ReX and GG III CY JUN 10-15, 2007 CL Jeju Isl, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Inst Met & Mat, Japan Inst Met, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Korean Ceram Soc, Korean Power Met Inst, Ceram Soc Japan DE boundary migration; protrusions; facets; misorientations; 3DXRD ID HIGH-PURITY LEAD; GRAIN-BOUNDARY MIGRATION; PREFERRED ORIENTATION; DEFORMED METALS; ALUMINUM; DEPENDENCE; MOBILITY; TEXTURES; ENERGY; TIN AB Effects of the crystallographic misorientation across boundaries between recrystallising grains and the neighbouring deformed matrices are discussed and exemplified by recrystallisation investigations of fcc metals. Classic misorientation observations are reviewed in the introduction, whereas the main parts of the paper focuses on two special boundary migration phenomena observed by in-situ recrystallisation experiments; namely protrusions and facets. C1 [Jensen, D. Juul; Schmidt, S.] Riso Natl Lab, Ctr Fundamental Res Met Struct Four Dimens, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Rowenhorst, D. J.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jensen, DJ (reprint author), Riso Natl Lab, Ctr Fundamental Res Met Struct Four Dimens, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM dorte.juul.jensen@risoe.dk; david.rowenhorst@nrl.navy.mil; soeren.schmidt@risoe.dk RI Schmidt, Soren/B-1483-2010; OI Schmidt, Soren/0000-0002-8694-2044; Juul Jensen, Dorte/0000-0001-5096-6602 FU Danish National Research Foundation; Center for Fundamental Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Danish National Research Foundation for supporting the Center for Fundamental Research: Metal Structures in Four Dimensions within which this work was performed. DJR also wishes to acknowledge the Office of Naval Research and DARPA as part of the Dynamic 3-D Digital Structure Program. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 558-559 BP 85 EP + PN 1&2 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGT43 UT WOS:000250408000010 ER PT S AU Berzins, LV Roof, WH AF Berzins, Luqi Valdis Roof, William H. BE Kordon, F Sztipanovits, J TI Nautical Predictive Routing Protocol (NPRP) for the Dynamic Ad-hoc Nautical Network (DANN) SO RELIABLE SYSTEMS ON UNRELIABLE NETWORKED PLATFORMS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Monterey Workshop CY SEP 22-24, 2005 CL Laguna Beach, CA SP Army Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn AB The Carrier Strike Group (CSG) and the Expeditionary Strike Group (ESG) are two common types of US Naval units consisting of multiple ships traveling as a group. All vessels within the CSG/ESG transmit and receive data via satellite, even when those vessels are within radio frequency line of sight (RFLOS). Within the CSG/ESG, satellite communications (SATCOM) are clearly necessary for vessels well forward of the main body, but could be augmented by RFLOS wireless communications for some members of the CSG/ESG. The goal of this research is to identify software technology that minimizes the barriers to employing affordable, commercially available technology (i.e., 802.11x) for ship-to-ship communications at sea. Some of the existing barriers to 802.11x communications at sea result from communication protocols that do not support the varying topologies or human network intervention one would expect to encounter within the CSG/ESG. This paper advances the concept for a predictive routing protocol that proactively addresses the topological and human issues unique to the DANN. Proactive routing will re-route the transmissions prior to interruptions, thus preventing interruption of open communication sessions. C1 [Berzins, Luqi Valdis; Roof, William H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Berzins, LV (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU ARO [5NPGARO032]; AFOSR [F1ATA05192G001] FX This work was supported in part by ARO under project 5NPGARO032 and by AFOSR under project F1ATA05192G001 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-71155-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4322 BP 106 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGA27 UT WOS:000245770400006 ER PT S AU Liu, SH Bryant, BR Auguston, M Gray, J Raje, R Tuceryan, M AF Liu, Shih-Hsi Bryant, Barrett R. Auguston, Mikhail Gray, Jeff Raje, Rajeev Tuceryan, Mihran BE Kordon, F Sztipanovits, J TI A component-based approach for constructing high-confidence Distributed Real-time and Embedded Systems SO RELIABLE SYSTEMS ON UNRELIABLE NETWORKED PLATFORMS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Monterey Workshop CY SEP 22-24, 2005 CL Laguna Beach, CA SP Army Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn ID AUGMENTED REALITY; CALIBRATION AB In applying Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE) techniques to the domain of Distributed Real-time and Embedded (DRE) Systems, there are five critical challenges: 1) discovery of relevant components and resources, 2) specification and modeling of components, 3) exploration and elimination of design assembly options, 4) automated generation of heterogeneous component bridges, and 5) validation of context-related embedded systems. To address these challenges, this paper introduces four core techniques to facilitate high-confidence DRE system construction from components: 1) A component and resource discovery technique promotes component searching based on rich and precise descriptions of components and context; 2) A timed colored Petri Net-based modeling toolkit enables design and analysis on DRE systems, as well as reduces unnecessary later work by eliminating infeasible design options; 3) A formal specification language describes all specifications consistently and automatically generates component bridges for seamless system integration, and 4) A grammar-based formalism specifies context behaviors and validates integrated systems using sufficient context-related test cases. The success of these ongoing techniques may not only accelerate the software development pace and reduce unnecessary development cost, but also facilitate high-confidence DRE system construction using different formalisms over the entire software life-cycle. C1 Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Liu, SH (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM liush@cis.uab.edu; bryant@cis.uab.edu; auguston@cs.nps.navy.mil; gray@cis.uab.edu; rraje@cs.iupui.edu; tuceryan@cs.iupui.edu RI Tuceryan, Mihran/C-6893-2011 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-71155-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4322 BP 225 EP 247 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGA27 UT WOS:000245770400012 ER PT S AU Shing, MT Drusinsky, D AF Shing, Man-Tak Drusinsky, Doron BE Kordon, F Sztipanovits, J TI Architectural design, behavior modeling and run-time verification of network embedded systems SO RELIABLE SYSTEMS ON UNRELIABLE NETWORKED PLATFORMS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Monterey Workshop CY SEP 22-24, 2005 CL Laguna Beach, CA SP Army Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn DE network embedded system; lightweight formal method; architecture design; run-time verification; statechart assertions ID STATECHARTS AB There is an increasing need for today's autonomous systems to collaborate in real-time over wireless networks. These systems need to interact closely with other autonomous systems and function under tight timing and control constraints. This paper concerns with the modeling and quality assurance of the timing behavior of such network embedded systems. It builds upon our previous work on run-time model checking of temporal correctness properties and automatic white-box testing using run-time assertion checking. This paper presents an architecture for the network embedded systems, a lightweight formal method that is based on formal statechart assertions for the design and development of networked embedded systems, and a process of using run-time monitoring and verification, in tandem with modeling and simulation, to study the timing requirements of complex systems early in the design process. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Time Rover Inc, Cupertino, CA 95014 USA. RP Shing, MT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM shing@nps.edu; ddrusin@nps.edu NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-71155-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4322 BP 281 EP 303 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGA27 UT WOS:000245770400015 ER PT S AU Siciliano, D Olsen, RC AF Siciliano, Daria Olsen, Richard C. BE Ehlers, M Michel, U TI Using high resolution multispectral imaging to map Pacific coral reefs in support of UNESCO's World Heritage Central Pacific Project - art. no. 67490B SO REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, GIS APPLICATIONS, AND GEOLOGY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring, GIS Applications, and Geol VIIl CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY SP SPIE, European Opt Soc, NASA, Soc Italiana Ott & Foton DE Quickbird; multispectral imaging; coral reefs; benthic habitat maps; marine reserve design; coastal zone management ID IMAGES; IKONOS AB Concerns over worldwide declines in marine resources have prompted the search for innovative solutions for their conservation and management, particularly for coral reef ecosystems. Rapid advances in sensor resolution, coupled with image analysis techniques tailored to the unique optical problems of marine environments have enabled the derivation of detailed benthic habitat maps of coral reef habitats from multispectral satellite imagery. Such maps delineate coral reefs' main ecological communities, and are essential for management of these resources as baseline assessments. UNESCO's World Heritage Central Pacific Project plans to afford protection through World Heritage recognition to a number of islands and atolls in the central Pacific Ocean, including the Phoenix Archipelago in the Republic of Kiribati. Most of these islands however lack natural resource maps needed for the identification of priority areas for inclusion in a marine reserve system. Our project provides assistance to UNESCO's World Heritage Centre and the Kiribati Government by developing benthic and terrestrial habitat maps of the Phoenix Islands from high-resolution multispectral imagery. The approach involves: (i) the analysis of new Quickbird multispectral. imagery; and (ii) the use of MARXAN, a simulated annealing algorithm that uses a GIS interface. Analysis of satellite imagery was performed with ENVI (R), and includes removal of atmospheric effects using ATCOR (a MODTRAN4 radiative transfer model); de-glinting and water column correction algorithms; and a number of unsupervised and supervised classifiers. Previously collected ground-truth data was used to train classifications. The resulting habitat maps are then used as input to MARXAN. This algorithm ultimately identifies a proportion of each habitat to be set aside for protection, and prioritizes conservation areas. The outputs of this research are being delivered to the UNESCO World Heritage Centre office and the Kiribati Government as baseline assessments of these resources and to assist in marine reserve planning. C1 [Siciliano, Daria; Olsen, Richard C.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Ctr Remote Sensing, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Siciliano, D (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Ctr Remote Sensing, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Olsen, Richard/O-2699-2015 OI Olsen, Richard/0000-0002-8344-9297 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6907-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6749 BP B7490 EP B7490 DI 10.1117/12.736259 PG 12 WC Geology; Optics SC Geology; Optics GA BHE64 UT WOS:000252485700007 ER PT S AU Crane, RM Ratcliffe, CP Gould, R Johnston, A Forsyth, DS AF Crane, R. M. Ratcliffe, C. P. Gould, R. Johnston, A. Forsyth, D. S. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Comparison of the structural irregularity and damage evaluation routine (SIDER) inspection method with ultrasonic and thermographic inspections to locate impact damage on an A320 vertical stabilizer SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE nondestructive evaluation; aircraft inspection; damage detection; composites; ultrasonics AB The U.S. Navy is currently involved in the development of several large area composite structures for fleet implementation. Techniques to provide rapid nondestructive inspection of large area composite structural components are required for these applications. An inspection technique, structural irregularity and damage evaluation routine (SIDER), has been developed by the Navy to rapidly locate areas of stiffness variation that results from processing anomalies and in-service damage. SIDER was used to locate impact damage created on an A320 vertical stabilizer. Various impact energy levels were used, from 50 J, simulating barely visible impact damage, to 120 J, simulating significant impact damage. The SIDER results were compared with conventional ultrasonic and thermographic inspections C1 NSWCCD, Struct & Composites Dept, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. CNR, Ottawa, ON K1A0R6, Canada. RP Crane, RM (reprint author), NSWCCD, Struct & Composites Dept, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 983 EP 990 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000126 ER PT S AU Mi, B Zhao, XG Bayles, R AF Mi, Bao Zhao, Xiaoliang George Bayles, Robert BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Nondestructive evaluation of thermal spray coating interface quality by eddy current method SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 26A AND 26B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE NDE; thermal spray coaling; HVOF; eddy current method AB Thermal spray coating is usually applied through directing molten or softened particles at very high velocities onto a substrate. An eddy current non-destructive inspection technique is presented here for thermal spray coating interface quality characterization. Several high-velocity-oxy-fuel (HVOF) coated steel plates were produced with various surface preparation conditions or spray process parameters. A quad-frequency eddy current probe was used to manually scan over the coating surface to evaluate the bonding quality. Experimental results show that different surface preparation conditions and varied process parameters can be successfully differentiated by the impedance value observed from the eddy current probe. The measurement is fairly robust and consistent. This non-contact, nondestructive, easy-to-use technique has the potential for evaluating the coating quality immediately after its application so that any defects can be corrected immediately. C1 [Mi, Bao; Zhao, Xiaoliang George] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Bayles, Robert] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Corros Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mi, B (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 1119 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000144 ER PT S AU Drusinsky, D Shing, MT AF Drusinsky, Doron Shing, Man-Tak GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Verifying distributed Protocols using MSC-Assertions, run-time monitoring, and automatic test generation SO RSP 2007: 18TH IEEE/IFIP INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID SYSTEM PROTOTYPING, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Rapid System Prototyping LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IEEE/IFIP International Workshop on Rapid Systems Prototyping CY MAY 28-30, 2007 CL Porto Alegre, BRAZIL SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Simulat, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Design Automat, IFIP WG 10.5, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, Brazilian Comp Soc ID STATECHARTS AB This paper addresses the need for formal specification and runtime verification of system-level requirements Of distributed reactive systems. It describes a formalism for specifying global system behaviors in terms of Message Sequence Chart assertions and a technique for the evaluation of the likelihood of success of a distributed protocol under non-trivial communication conditions via discrete event simulation and runtime execution monitoring. We constructed a proof-of-concept prototype for the leader-election algorithm within a 4-node ring network. The prototype consists of the following components: (i) an OMNeT++ model of the network using non-trivial communication conditions, (ii) C++ code for the network agents, (iii) a system-level assertion stipulating the formal requirement for a correct, time-bound, leader election, (iv) simulation of the formal assertion, (v) automatic scenario generation, and (vi) run-time monitoring of the formal assertion and stochastic-based estimation of the likelihood of success of this assertion under the specified communication conditions. C1 [Drusinsky, Doron; Shing, Man-Tak] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Drusinsky, D (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ddrusins@nps.edu; shing@nps.edu FU U.S. Missile Defense Agency FX The research reported in this article was funded in part by a grant from the U.S. Missile Defense Agency. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright annotations thereon. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1074-6005 BN 978-0-7695-2834-2 J9 P IEEE RAP SYST PROT PY 2007 BP 82 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BGJ69 UT WOS:000247659900013 ER PT J AU Colon, MA AF Colon, Michael A. TI Polynomial approximations of the relational semantics of imperative programs SO SCIENCE OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Static Analysis Symposium (SAS 2004) CY AUG 26-28, 2004 CL Verona, ITALY DE program analysis; relational semantics; abstract interpretation; polynomial invariants; non-linear invariants; polynomial ideals ID SYSTEMS AB We present a static analysis that approximates the relational semantics of imperative programs by systems of low-degree polynomial equalities. Our method is based on Abstract Interpretation in a lattice of polynomial pseudo ideals - finite-dimensional vector spaces of degree-bounded polynomials that are closed under degree-bounded products. For a fixed degree bound, the sizes of bases of pseudo ideals and the lengths of chains in the lattice of pseudo ideals are bounded by polynomials in the number of program variables. Despite the approximate nature of our analysis, for several programs taken from the literature on non-linear polynomial invariant generation our method produces results that are as precise as those produced by methods based on polynomial ideals and Grobner bases. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Colon, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM colon@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6423 J9 SCI COMPUT PROGRAM JI Sci. Comput. Program. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 64 IS 1 BP 76 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.scico.2006.03.004 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 118ES UT WOS:000242925700005 ER PT B AU Meadows, C Poovendran, R Pavlovic, D Chang, LW Syverson, P AF Meadows, Catherine Poovendran, Radha Pavlovic, Dusko Chang, LiWu Syverson, Paul BE Poovendran, R Wang, C Roy, S TI Distance bounding protocols: Authentication logic analysis and collusion attacks SO SECURE LOCALIZATION AND TIME SYNCHRONIZATION FOR WIRELESS SENSOR AND AD HOC NETWORKS SE Advances in Information Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks CY JUN 13-14, 2005 CL Univ Washington, Seattle, WA HO Univ Washington AB In this paper we consider the problem of securely measuring distance between two nodes in a wireless sensor network. The problem of measuring distance has fundamental applications in both localization and time synchronization, and thus would be a prime candidate for subversion by hostile attackers. We give a brief overview and history of protocols for secure distance bounding. We also give the first full-scale formal analysis of a distance bounding protocol, and we also show how this analysis helps us to reduce message and crypto-graphic complexity without reducing security. Finally, we address the important open problem of collusion. We analyze existing techniques for collusion prevention, and show how they are inadequate for addressing the collusion problems in sensor networks. We conclude with some suggestions for further research. C1 [Meadows, Catherine; Chang, LiWu; Syverson, Paul] Naval Res Lab, Code 5543, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Poovendran, Radha] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pavlovic, Dusko] Kestrel Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Meadows, C (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5543, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM meadows@itd.nrl.navy.mil; rp3@u.washington.edu; dusko@kestrel.edu; lchang@itd.nrl.navy.mil; syverson@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-32721-5 J9 ADV INFORM SECUR PY 2007 VL 30 BP 279 EP + PG 3 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFN28 UT WOS:000243244900012 ER PT J AU Manning, C AF Manning, Carrie BE Elgie, R Moestrup, S TI Semi-presidentialism and the preservation of ambiguity in post-war Mozambique SO SEMI-PRESIDENTIALISM OUTSIDE EUROPE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY SE Routledge Research in Comparative Politics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Manning, Carrie] USN, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Grad Sch Int Studies, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Manning, C (reprint author), USN, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Grad Sch Int Studies, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-95429-4 J9 ROUTL RES COMP POLIT PY 2007 VL 19 BP 121 EP 136 PG 16 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BPD77 UT WOS:000278595400008 ER PT J AU Thompson, PE Jernigan, GG AF Thompson, Phillip E. Jernigan, Glenn G. TI Determination of the surface segregation ratio of P in Si(100) during solid-source molecular beam epitaxial growth SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International SiGe Technology and Device Meeting CY MAY 15-17, 2006 CL Princeton, NJ ID INTERBAND TUNNELING DIODES; GAP DECOMPOSITION SOURCE; QUANTUM COMPUTER; LOW-TEMPERATURE; SILICON; PHOSPHORUS AB The surface segregation ratio as a function of growth temperature of a dopant is a fundamental property that must be known for that dopant to be used in device applications. Using low energy secondary ion mass spectrometry, a precise determination of the segregation ratio of P in Si(100) in the temperature interval from 380 degrees C to 650 degrees C has been made. The values of the surface segregation ratios determined are substantially less than previously reported. It has been observed that the source of the P dopant as well as the temperature during growth influences the segregation of P. Using a GaP decomposition source, the deposited P has been shown to be fully electrically active in the whole growth temperature interval by measurement of the carrier concentration profiles using spreading resistance profiling. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thompson, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 SI SI BP S80 EP S83 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/22/1/S19 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 129TH UT WOS:000243752500020 ER PT S AU Fredricksen, H Ionascu, EJ Luca, F Stanica, P AF Fredricksen, H. Ionascu, E. J. Luca, F. Stanica, P. BE Golomb, SW Gong, G Helleseth, T Song, HY TI Remarks on a sequence of minimal Niven numbers SO SEQUENCES, SUBSEQUENCES, AND CONSEQUENCES SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Sequences, Subsequences, and Consequences CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2007 CL Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA SP CCR La Jolla, NSF HO Univ So Calif DE sum of digits; sequences; Niven numbers ID INTEGERS; DIGITS; SUM AB In this short note we introduce two new sequences defined using the sum of digits in the representation of an integer in a certain base. A connection to Niven numbers is proposed and some results are proven. C1 [Fredricksen, H.; Stanica, P.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ionascu, E. J.] Columbus State Univ, Dept Math, Columbus, GA 31907 USA. [Luca, F.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Matemat, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. RP Fredricksen, H (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM HalF@nps.edu; ionascu_eugen@colstate.edu; fluca@matmor.unam.mx; pstanica@nps.edu FU National Security Agency [RMA54]; RIP grant from Naval Postgraduate School FX Work by F. L. was done in the Spring of 2007 while he visited the Naval Postgraduate School. He would like to thank this institution for its hospitality. H. F. acknowledges support from the National Security Agency under contract RMA54. Research of P. S. was supported in part by a RIP grant from Naval Postgraduate School. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-77403-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4893 BP 162 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHH13 UT WOS:000253262900016 ER PT J AU Rumerman, ML AF Rumerman, M. L. TI Radiation efficiencies for steel plates in water SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID PANELS AB Statistical Energy ( or similar) Analysis may use radiation efficiencies as a means of estimating acoustic power radiated by plates in bending vibration. It is common to calculate them using uncoupled sinusoidal mode shapes of simply supported plates to account for the plate boundaries and rib stiffeners. This paper shows that, when applied to steel plates bounded by water on one side, this procedure can significantly overestimate the acoustic power radiated for frequencies below about one-eighth of the coincidence frequency. With water on both sides of the plate, the cutoff is increased to about one-fourth of coincidence. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carerock Div, Ship Signatures Dept, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Rumerman, ML (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carerock Div, Ship Signatures Dept, Code 7204,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM RumermanML@nswccd.navy.mil NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 BP 81 EP 88 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 156IR UT WOS:000245641800001 ER PT S AU McLaughlin, K Oleynik, II Zybin, SV Elert, ML White, CT AF McLaughlin, K. Oleynik, I. I. Zybin, S. V. Elert, M. L. White, C. T. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Molecular dynamics simulations of an anomalous response of diamond to shock compression SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE shock waves; shear stresses; molecular dynamics; diamond ID HYDROCARBONS; WAVES AB We performed molecular dynamics simulations of shock wave propagation in diamond in the [110] crystallographic direction and observed an anomalous response of the material. This regime is characterized by absence of plastic deformation in the intermediate interval of shock wave intensities between shear-deformation and overdriven rehybridization shock wave regimes. C1 [McLaughlin, K.; Oleynik, I. I.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Zybin, S. V.] CALTECH, Mat Proc Simulat Ctr, Pasadena, CA USA. [Elert, M. L.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD USA. [White, C. T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McLaughlin, K (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RI Oleynik, Ivan/R-5004-2016 OI Oleynik, Ivan/0000-0002-5348-6484 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through Naval Research Laboratory (NRL); ONR; NSF [DGE 0221681]; USF Office of Undergraduate Research FX The work at USF was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The work at NRL was also supported by ONR both directly and through NRL. K. McLaughlin thanks the NSF IGERT Program Grant DGE 0221681 (Bernard Batson, the manager), USF Office of Undergraduate Research, and the organizing committee of SCCM 2007 (Ricky Chau) for the travel support to attend SCCM 2007 in Hawaii. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 321 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500075 ER PT S AU Conroy, M Oleynik, II Zybin, SV White, CT AF Conroy, M. Oleynik, I. I. Zybin, S. V. White, C. T. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Anisotropic constitutive relationships in energetic materials: PETN and HMX SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE energetic materials; PETN-I and beta-HMX; density-functional theory; equation of state; shock sensitivity; shear stresses ID PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE PETN; AB-INITIO; HYDROSTATIC COMPRESSION; SHOCK INITIATION; CRYSTAL; RDX AB This paper presents results of first-principles density functional calculations of the equation of state (EOS) of PETN-I and beta-HMX. The isotropic EOS for hydrostatic compression has been extended to include uniaxial compressions in the [100], [010], [001], [110], [101], [011], and [111] directions up to compression ratio V/V-0 = 0.70. Equilibrium properties, including lattice parameters and elastic constants, as well as hydrostatic EOS are in good agreement with available experimental data. The shear stresses of uniaxially compressed PETN-I and beta-HMX have been evaluated and their behavior as a function of compression ratio has been used to make predictions of shock sensitivity of these EMs. A comparison of predicted sensitivities with available experimental data has also been performed. C1 [Conroy, M.; Oleynik, I. I.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Zybin, S. V.] CALTECH, Mat Proc Simulation Ctr, Pasadena, CA USA. [White, C. T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Conroy, M (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RI Oleynik, Ivan/R-5004-2016 OI Oleynik, Ivan/0000-0002-5348-6484 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through Naval Research Laboratory (NRL); ONR FX The work at USF was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The work at NRL was also supported by ONR both directly and through NRL. M. Conroy thanks the organizing committee of SCCM 2007 (Ricky Chau) for the travel support to attend SCCM 2007 in Hawaii. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 361 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500084 ER PT S AU Hooper, J Romero, NA Zerilli, F AF Hooper, Joe Romero, Nichols A. Zerilli, Frank BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Predicting noncovalent interactions with nonlocal density functional theory SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE DFT; quantum chemistry; van der Waals ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; CH/PI-INTERACTION; BENZENE; METHANE; MAGNITUDE AB We assess the accuracy of a recently developed nonlocal density functional in treating van der Waals molecular systems. This new functional contains a non-empirical treatment of dispersion interactions and exhibits the appropriate behavior in the high-density limit. We present results for three model noncovalently bonded systems: the methane-benzene complex, a dimethylnitramine dimer, and a dimer of triaminotrinitrobenzene in its crystalline symmetry. Predicted interaction energies are greatly improved with this new approach as compared to conventional density functionals. Intermolecular distances are also improved, though the degree of improvement varies with the character of the intermolecular interactions, with dispersion dominated systems showing the greatest improvement. C1 [Hooper, Joe; Zerilli, Frank] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Romero, Nichols A.] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Hooper, J (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. FU NRL/ASEE Postdoctoral Fellowship at Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head; NRC Research Associateship Award at U.S. Army Research Lab FX The authors would like to thank V. Cooper, T. Thonhauser, D. C. Langreth E. F. C. Byrd, W. D. Mattson, and B. M. Rice for useful discussions. J. H. acknowledges an NRL/ASEE Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head. N. A. R. was supported by an NRC Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Army Research Lab. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 381 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500089 ER PT S AU Zerilli, FJ Kuklja, MM AF Zerilli, Frank J. Kuklja, Maija M. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Ab initio equation of state for beta-HMX SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE ab-initio calculations; equation of state; Hartree-Fock; DFT; organic molecular crystal ID CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; 1,1-DIAMINO-2,2-DINITROETHYLENE AB A complete equation of state for the molecular crystal beta-octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (beta-HMX) has been calculated from first principles for temperatures between 0 and 400 K, and for specific volumes from 0.42 to 0.55 cm(3)/gm, corresponding to relative volumes from 0.8 to 1.03. The calculated 300 K isotherm agrees very well with the experimentally measured pressure-volume relation. The volumetric thermal expansion coefficient is calculated to be approximately 210 ppm/K at 300 K and atmospheric pressure and the calculated specific heat is 1.0 kJ/kg/K. C1 [Zerilli, Frank J.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, NSWC Res & Dev, Code R12FZ,4104 Evans Way,Suite 102, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. Univ Wroclaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-50204 Wroclaw, Poland. RP Zerilli, FJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, NSWC Res & Dev, Code R12FZ,4104 Evans Way,Suite 102, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM Frank.Zerilli@navy.mil FU NSWC; Office of Naval Research; Aeronautical Systems Center Major Shared Resource Center; Air Force Base,Ohio, under Department of Defense High Performance Computing Initiative; National Science Foundation under Independent Research and Development Program FX This work was supported by the NSWC Core Research Program and by the Office of Naval Research. Computational resources were provided by the Aeronautical Systems Center Major Shared Resource Center, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base,Ohio, under the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Initiative. M. K. is grateful to the Division of Materials Research of the National Science Foundation for support under the Independent Research and Development Program. Any appearance of findings, conclusions, or recommendations, expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect views of the National Science Foundation. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 437 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500103 ER PT S AU Landerville, A Oleynik, II Kozhushner, MA White, CT AF Landerville, A. Oleynik, I. I. Kozhushner, M. A. White, C. T. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI First-principles reactive molecular dynamics of chemistry in detonating energetic materials SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE energetic materials; PETN; RDX; reactive molecular dynamics; shock sensitivity ID SHOCK INITIATION; PENTAERYTHRITOL; SENSITIVITY; KINETICS; CRYSTAL AB We investigated the initial chemistry of shock compressed energetic materials that results from inter-molecular collisions behind the shock wave front by performing first-principles MD simulations of bimolecular collisions for PETN and RDX with different crystallographic orientations and velocities. For each orientation, we determined the threshold collision velocity for reaction, the reaction timescales, and the products of decomposition. We find that the calculated threshold velocities lie within the range of typical particle flow velocities in detonating materials. Owing to the extremely short reaction timescales (similar to 10(-13) s), these initial chemical events are largely driven by the direct collision dynamics, instead of temperature. C1 [Landerville, A.; Oleynik, I. I.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Kozhushner, M. A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Chem Phys, Moscow 117901, Russia. [White, C. T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Landerville, A (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM alanderville@physics.cas.usf.edu.com; oleynik@shell.cas.usf.edu RI Oleynik, Ivan/R-5004-2016 OI Oleynik, Ivan/0000-0002-5348-6484 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through Naval Research Laboratory (NRL); NSF IGERT [DGE 0221681]; USF Office of Undergraduate Research FX The work at USF was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The work at NRL was also supported by ONR both directly and through NRL. A. Landerville thanks the NSF IGERT Program Grant DGE 0221681 (Bernard Batson, the manager), USF Office of Undergraduate Research, and the organizing committee of SCCM 2007 (Ricky Chau) for the travel support to attend SCCM 2007 in Hawaii. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 447 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500105 ER PT S AU Boteler, JM Dandekar, DP AF Boteler, J. Michael Dandekar, Dattatraya P. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Dynamic response of 5083-H131 aluminum alloy SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE A15083; spall; fracture AB The material response of 5083-H131 aluminum alloy subjected to dynamic loading has been investigated over the stress input range 1.5 to 8.0 GPa using plate impact shock experiments. All experiments were performed on the ARL 102 nun light gas gun. Both symmetric and asymmetric shock experiments were performed and exhibited planarity to within 1 mrad of tilt. The principal diagnostic consisted of VISAR recordings of the rear free-surface velocity history with temporal resolution of 0.5 ns. Within this stress range considered we observe a two wave structure typical of elastic and plastic traveling waves. In prior work we reported the Hugoniot Elastic Limit (BEL), compression parameters, and shock EOS. Here we examine the data to determine the spall strength, pulse duration and tensile loading strain-rate. We compare our results to other A15083 tempers. C1 [Boteler, J. Michael] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head MD NSWC IHMD, Res Dept Code R12JB, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Boteler, JM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head MD NSWC IHMD, Res Dept Code R12JB, 101 Strauss Ave, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 481 EP 484 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500113 ER PT S AU Brar, NS Joshi, VS Harris, BW AF Brar, N. S. Joshi, V. S. Harris, B. W. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Constitutive model constants for low carbon steels from tension and torsion data SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE low carbon steels; projectile impact simulation; strain rate sensitivity; Johnson-Cook; constitutive model AB Low carbon C1010 steel is characterized under tension and torsion to determine Johnson-Cook (J-C) strength model constants. Constitutive model constants are required as input to computer codes to simulate projectile (fragment) impact on structural components made of this material. J-C model constants (A, B, n, C, and in) for the alloy are determined from tension and torsion stress-strain data. Reference tension tests are performed at a strain rate of similar to 1/s at room temperature. Tests at high strain rates are performed at temperatures to 750 degrees C. Torsion tests at quasi-static and high strain rates are performed at both room and high temperatures. Equivalent plastic tensile stress-strain data are obtained from torsion data using von Mises flow rule and compared directly to measured tensile data. J-C strength model constants are determined from these data. Similar low carbon steels (1006, 1008, and 1020) have their J-C constants compared. C1 [Brar, N. S.; Harris, B. W.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Joshi, V. S.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Brar, NS (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. FU Naval Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technology Division (NAVEODTECHDIV) FX This work was supported by the Naval Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technology Division (NAVEODTECHDIV), Indian Head, MD. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 627 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500149 ER PT S AU Lee, G Mock, W Fedderly, J Drotar, J Balizer, E Conner, M AF Lee, Gilbert Mock, Willis Fedderly, Jeffry Drotar, Jason Balizer, Ed Conner, Mark BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI The effect of mechanical deformation on the glass transition temperature of polyurea SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE glass transition temperature; polyurea; plate impact; shock waves AB The glass transition temperature (T-g) of a polyurea (Versathane P1000) is shown to be a function of mechanical strain and strain rate. For low strain rate (10(-1)/s), tensile testing, T-g values increase from -58 to 52 degrees C with strain. These results are interpreted as an increase in phase mixing. After annealing at 100 degrees C, the T-g decreases to a baseline value of -63 degrees C as an indication that the strain induced phase mixing is reversible. For one dimensional plate impact experiments, the T-g increases from -58 to -54 degrees C with strain. After annealing, the T-g value at the high strain level is about 4 degrees C higher than the baseline value. The impact may have caused some permanent change in the morphology. For a conical-shaped steel impact experiment, T-g values also increase with strain from -58 to -50 degrees C. The T-g at the impact center after an annealing cycle is about 4 degrees C greater than the baseline value, indicating somewhat less than full reversal of the mixing. C1 [Lee, Gilbert; Fedderly, Jeffry; Balizer, Ed] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Mock, Willis; Drotar, Jason] US Navy, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. [Conner, Mark] Air Prod & Chem Inc, Allentown, PA 18195 USA. RP Lee, G (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. FU In-House Laboratory Independent Research - Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock; Dahlgren Divisions and Cooperative Research and Development Agreement - Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.; Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division FX Funding was provided in part by In-House Laboratory Independent Research - Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock and Dahlgren Divisions and Cooperative Research and Development Agreement - Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. and Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 711 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500169 ER PT S AU Guirguis, R Pangifinan, GD AF Guirguis, Raafat Pangifinan, Gerat-Do BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Effect of phase transitions of inert additives on detonation properties of porous explosives SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE phase transitions; detonations; explosives AB One-dimensional (1-D) calculations are used to investigate the effect of phase transitions of chemically inert additives on the detonation properties of porous explosives. A shift in detonation velocity occurs when the initial density exceeds a threshold value at which the resulting pressures in the reaction zone correspond to a polymorphic phase transition of the additives. Phase transitions causing an increase (or decrease) in volume yield a positive (or negative) shift in velocity, that is augmented (or diminished) if the transition is exothermic (or endothermic). C1 [Guirguis, Raafat; Pangifinan, Gerat-Do] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Guirguis, R (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 821 EP 824 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500194 ER PT S AU McGregor, NM Lindfors, AJ AF McGregor, N. M. Lindfors, A. J. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Shock reactivity study on standard and reduced sensitivity RDX of different particle size distributions SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp AB Embedded gauge experiments have been performed using a three inch high velocity powder gun to assess the effects of RDX particle size and crystal quality on shock induced reactivity in support of the Combat Safe Insensitive Munitions (CSIM) program. Four monomodal experimental compositions containing 73% solids loading by weight and 27% HTPB binder were tested. The compositions were made using either standard or reduced sensitivity grades of RDX in Class 5 or Class 1 150-300 micron sieve cut particle size classes. Results have shown marked changes in the mode of reaction between the two particle size classes. Both RDX grades at the Class I sieve cut particle size distribution showed significant reaction at the shock front as well as behind the front. The Class 5 RDX compositions however showed little reaction at the shock front with rapid growth behind the front. Reaction modes were similar but occurring at greater input pressures for the reduced sensitivity grade of RDX compared to the corresponding particle size distribution standard grade RDX counterpart. C1 [McGregor, N. M.; Lindfors, A. J.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP McGregor, NM (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 841 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500199 ER PT S AU Monat, JE Tersine, EG Morgan, BA Ostrowski, P AF Monat, J. E. Tersine, E. G. Morgan, B. A. Ostrowski, P. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Ignition of TNT using a Co-2 laser SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE laser ignition; time to first light; energy to first light; TNT AB This paper reports on the use of a 200 W, 10.6 mu m CO2 laser for ignition of TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) via heating. We used a high-speed camera and silicon photodetectors to monitor the reaction. Ignition, here defined as a visible flame, occurred for laser powers of at least 100 W in combination with energies at least 50 J. However, self-sustained ignition did not occur even with the ignition laser at 199 W with a total energy of 995 J. C1 [Monat, J. E.; Tersine, E. G.; Morgan, B. A.; Ostrowski, P.] Naval Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Monat, JE (reprint author), Naval Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. FU CAD/PAD Department FX We thank our colleague Dr. Raafat Guirguis for helpful discussions, and our CAD/PAD Department for funding this research. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 845 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500200 ER PT S AU Richmond, CT AF Richmond, Clinton T. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Modeling the asymmetric burning of agglomerate particles SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE asymmetric-agglomerate burning; combustion; reactive metals; ultrafine particles AB A model has been developed to describe asymmetric burning effects on the surface of particles in agglomerate. The model calculates the surface area of the particles that is available to burning from the geometric formation of the agglomerate. Average diameter of particles bonded in agglomerate is shown to have a burning time commensurate to the burning time of a single particle. Nevertheless, the burning time of agglomerate formed by the coalescing of liquid droplets, is shown to be greater than the burning time of a single particle. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Richmond, CT (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 861 EP 864 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500204 ER PT S AU Sutherland, GT Lemar, ER Marcus, MH AF Sutherland, G. T. Lemar, E. R. Marcus, M. H. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Analysis of wave curvature experiments for monomodal explosives with different crystal quality and particle size characteristics SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE reaction zone thickness; wave curvature; RDX; detonation properties AB Wood-Kirkwood theory reaction zone thickness determinations and computer simulations of wave curvature experiments of two sets of explosives are presented. One set included explosives composed of RDX with different crystal quality characteristics. The other set of explosives was composed of monomodal explosives made from fine, coarse and very coarse sieved RDX and bimodal explosives made from combining the fine and very coarse RDX. The calculated reaction zone thickness was found to be greater for explosives with higher RDX crystal quality and for those of higher mean particle size. A simplified two-term ignition and growth reactive model parameterized by embedded gauge experiments was used in CTH hydrocode simulations of the wave curvature experiments for the explosives where crystal quality was varied. The simulations under-predicted the axial position lag seen in experiment and predicted as seen in experiment, that the explosive containing the higher quality crystals had a greater axial position lag. C1 [Sutherland, G. T.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Technol Dev Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Lemar, E. R.; Marcus, M. H.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Energet Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Sutherland, GT (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Technol Dev Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 873 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500207 ER PT S AU Joshi, VS AF Joshi, Vasant S. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Recent developments in shear ignition of explosives using hybrid drop weight-Hopkinson Bar apparatus SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE Hybrid Hopkinson Bar; shear initiation; sensitivity; ignition threshold; high strain rate AB The sensitivity and mechanical behavior of energetic material is highly dependent on its constituents. Cast and cast-cured explosives have mechanical properties significantly different from metals and the assumption of isotropic behavior may not be valid beyond a finite strain. While Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) can be successfully used to obtain mechanical properties of these soft and compliant explosives, ignition conditions are seldom achieved in SHPB tests. If ignition occurs in very small sample at extremely high strain rates, it would be very difficult to calculate the energy and energy rate that led to successful ignition. In contrast to the SHPB test, the standard drop-weight test to measure the sensitivity of explosives, is intended to obtain ignition at impact, but is only a go-no go test. Due to lack of quantifiable parameters, the result from this test is not suitable for modeling, which is important in development of new explosive formulation. In order to overcome this barrier and allow evaluation of the susceptibility of the different formulations to ignition, a new test was recently developed. This method is now applied to test hydroxy-terminated poly butadiene (HTPB) bonded explosives. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Joshi, VS (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 945 EP 950 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500224 ER PT S AU Lee, RJ Forbes, JW Palermo, E Wilson, WH AF Lee, R. J. Forbes, J. W. Palermo, E. Wilson, W. H. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Effect of electric fields on sensitivity of an HMX based explosive SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE electric field; shock sensitivity; modified gap test; electronic framing camera; input stress; blow-off velocity ID MOLECULES AB Thresholds for shock sensitivity were determined for explosive samples with and without applied fields using a variation of the Navy's modified gap test. Rectangular charges (76 Iran wide x 12.7 min long x 6 mm thick) confined on two sides by 50.8 mm thick bars of Teflon were shock loaded using the Navy's standard large scale gap test donor system. Particle blow-off velocity at the opposite end of the sample (12.7 mm from input surface) was measured using a high-speed camera. Velocity versus input pressure plots highlight thresholds for first reaction, deflagration, and detonation. In addition the use of an intensified high-speed electronic camera provided a clear differentiation of when the products were self-luminous, directly confirming initiation. Electric fields were applied transverse to the shock direction via thin foil electrodes. These electrodes were held in place by the Teflon insulation. The data show that higher levels of reaction were obtained in this explosive with less input stress when voltages of 5 kV were applied across the 6 nun thick sample as compared to results without a field. C1 [Lee, R. J.; Forbes, J. W.; Palermo, E.; Wilson, W. H.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Lee, RJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 963 EP 966 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500228 ER PT S AU Mock, W Protar, JT AF Mock, Willis, Jr. Protar, Jason T. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Effect of aluminum particle size on the impact initiation of pressed PTFE/Al composite rods SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE PTFE/Al; shock initiation; Al particles; gas gun; initiation threshold; training camera ID POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE AB A gas gun has been used to investigate the impact initiation of rods of a mixture of 72 wt% PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) and 28 wt% aluminium powders. The rods were sabot-launched in vacuum into steel anvils at impact velocities ranging from 468 to 969 m/s. A framing camera was used to observe the time sequence of events following impact. At the lowest impact stress of 25 kbar no light was observed. Above the initiation threshold, the initiation time dropped from 74 lis just above threshold to 14 mu s at 64 kbar. These results are compared with earlier rod impact experiments for a similar material in which the only major difference is a smaller aluminum particle size. C1 [Mock, Willis, Jr.; Protar, Jason T.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Mock, W (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 971 EP 974 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500230 ER PT S AU Sandusky, HW Granholm, RH AF Sandusky, H. W. Granholm, R. H. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Violent reactions from non-shock stimuli SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE deflagration-to-detonation transition; bed compaction; dynamic deformation AB Most reactions are thermally initiated, whether from direct heating or dissipation of energy from mechanical, shock, or electrical stimuli. For other than prompt shock initiation, the reaction must spread through porosity or over large surface area to become more violent than just rupturing any confinement. While burning rates are important, high-strain mechanical properties are nearly so, either by reducing existing porosity or generating additional surface area through fracture. In studies of deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT), it has been shown that reaction violence is reduced if the binder is softened, either by raising the initial temperature or adding a solvent. In studies of cavity collapse in explosives, those with soft rubber binders will deform and undergo mild reaction whereas those with stiff binders will fracture and generate additional surface area for a violent event. C1 [Sandusky, H. W.; Granholm, R. H.] USN, AVSEA, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Sandusky, HW (reprint author), USN, AVSEA, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 991 EP 996 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500235 ER PT S AU Warren, AD Lawrence, GW Jouet, RJ AF Warren, A. D. Lawrence, G. W. Jouet, R. J. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Investigation of formulations containing perfluoro-coated oxide-free nano-aluminium SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE aluminized explosives; nanoparticles; PBX; shock AB Plastic Bonded Explosive (PBX) formulations incorporating oxide-free aluminum nanoparticles passivated with a perfluorinated carboxylic acid (C14/nanoAl) were evaluated for performance using Small-Scale Shock Reactivity and Internal Blast Tests (SSRT and SSBT) to determine the contribution of the C14/nanoAl in the early and later stages respectively of the reaction. These results show that the volume of the dent of samples containing C14/nanoAl is twice as great as the dent volume of standard formulations, suggesting faster aluminum combustion than conventional Al formulations. C1 [Warren, A. D.; Lawrence, G. W.; Jouet, R. J.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, DC 20460 USA. RP Warren, AD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, DC 20460 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1018 EP 1021 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500241 ER PT S AU Carney, JR Wilkinson, J Lightstone, JM AF Carney, Joel R. Wilkinson, John Lightstone, James M. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Time-resolved optical measurements of detonation and combustion products SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE spectroscopy; detonation; combustion; aluminum AB A first attempt at measuring the species evolution in the opaque post-detonation combustion product environment of a fuel-rich explosive using time-resolved absorption spectroscopy is presented. The time-resolved concentration of these species is helpful in identifying the rate and location of the extra energy released in the post-detonation phase due to the aluminum combustion, thus shedding light on the factors affecting the overall efficiency of air and internal-blast explosions. The methodology and results of time-resolved absorption spectroscopy are compared to previous emission spectroscopy investigations. The experimental arrangement and preliminary results of time-resolved absorption spectroscopy based on atomic aluminum in the post detonation environment of aluminized pressed PETN charges are presented. An assessment of the experimental approach and its usefulness in future detonation experiments is discussed. C1 [Carney, Joel R.; Wilkinson, John; Lightstone, James M.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Carney, JR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, 4104 Evans Way,Suite 102, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1225 EP 1228 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500288 ER PT S AU Jouet, RJ Carney, JR Lightstone, JM Warren, AD AF Jouet, R. Jason Carney, Joel R. Lightstone, James M. Warren, Andrea D. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Laser ablation analysis of novel perfluoroalkyl-coated aluminum nanocomposites SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE aluminum composite; nanoparticles; passivation; laser ablation AB The evolution and decay of aluminum and aluminum monoxide emission signatures following a laser ablation event were used to compare the relative reaction rates of three aluminum based materials. Time-resolved emission results of oxide-free, C13F27CO2H-passivated materials were compared with uncoated, oxide passivated aluminum nanoparticles and those coated with the same acid used in for passivation C13F27CO2H. Excited state Al and AlO emission is reduced in time for the oxide free material when compared to coated, 50 nm, oxide passivated particles mixed on an equal active Al: C13F27CO2H ratio. This is interpreted as an increase in the reaction rate afforded by the elimination of the oxide coating and proximity of oxidizing species in the SAM-based nanocomposite. C1 [Jouet, R. Jason; Carney, Joel R.; Lightstone, James M.; Warren, Andrea D.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, IHDIV, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Jouet, RJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, IHDIV, 4104 Evans Way,Suite 102, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1247 EP 1250 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500293 ER PT S AU Lightstone, JM Carney, JR Boswell, CJ Wilkinson, J AF Lightstone, J. M. Carney, J. R. Boswell, C. J. Wilkinson, J. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Time-resolved spectroscopic measurements of aluminum oxidation in a laser ablation event SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE spectroscopy; laser ablation; aluminum; aluminum oxide ID PLASMA AB The spatial and temporal evolution of aluminum and aluminum monoxide produced during laser ablation of an aluminum sheet were tracked by way of emission and absorption spectroscopy. Atomic Al and molecular AlO temperatures were deduced from the emission spectroscopy data at several distances from the Al sheet surface. The atomic Al temperature was found to increase as a function of distance from the Al sheet surface and decrease over time. The molecular temperature of AlO remained approximately constant near the burning temperature of Al as a function of distance and time. The concentration of atomic Al was measured using absorption spectroscopy with peak concentrations ranging from 2.0 x 10(18) - 1.2 x 10(19) atoms/m(3) as a function of distance from the Al sheet. C1 [Lightstone, J. M.; Carney, J. R.; Boswell, C. J.; Wilkinson, J.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Lightstone, JM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, 4104 Evans Way,Suite 102, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1255 EP 1258 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500295 ER PT S AU Stoltz, CA Peiris, SM AF Stoltz, C. A. Peiris, S. M. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI T-Jump/FTIR studies of poly-glycidyl nitrate (PGN) pyrolysis SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE T-Jump/FTIR; PGN; nitrate ester; thermal decomposition; energetic binders ID TERMINATED POLYBUTADIENE HTPB; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; GASEOUS PRODUCTS; IR SPECTROSCOPY; FLASH PYROLYSIS; THERMOLYSIS; COMBUSTION; KINETICS; FTIR AB In an effort to understand the effects of hydroxyl end-modification and isocyanate curing, decomposition of PGN prepolymer has been investigated using T-Jump/FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy of PGN allowing real-time analysis of decomposition gas products under simulated deflagration conditions. Our results identify decomposition products including: CH2O, H2O, CO2, CO, N2O, NO, NO2, HCN and HONO. Kinetic rates relative to CO2 formation lead to calculated activation energies of 22 kcal/mol and 18 kcal/mol. Much higher activation energies (32 kcal/mol) were calculated relative to CH2O formation rates, in agreement with DSC data, indicating that CH2O formation is likely an initial decomposition step while CO, formation is due to side gas phase reactions. Additional FTIR and optical microscopy studies indicate that condensed phase, backbone scission reactions also occur, causing time delays prior to major gas production. C1 [Stoltz, C. A.; Peiris, S. M.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Stoltz, CA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, 4104 Evans Way,Suite 102, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1263 EP 1266 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500297 ER PT S AU Wilkinson, J Lightstone, JM Boswell, CJ Carney, JR AF Wilkinson, John Lightstone, James M. Boswell, Christopher J. Carney, Joel R. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Emission spectroscopy of aluminum in post-detonation combustion SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE spectroscopy; detonation; combustion; aluminum. AB Time-resolved emission spectroscopy measurements were performed on an aluminum-rich explosive formulation to determine the particulate and atomic temperature in the post-detonation combustion plume. The Al emission rate was also monitored. Atomic At temperature was measured by excited state population ratios (inferred from emission spectra) and compared to two-color pyrometry. Ambient atmosphere was varied from 1 atm to 0.002 atm during the tests to provide a variable oxygen source in the post-detonation combustion field. C1 [Wilkinson, John; Lightstone, James M.; Boswell, Christopher J.; Carney, Joel R.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head Div,RDT&E, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Wilkinson, J (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head Div,RDT&E, 4104 Evans Way,Suite 102, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1271 EP 1274 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500299 ER PT S AU Plaksin, I Coffey, CS Campos, J Mendes, R Ribeiro, J Gois, J AF Plaksin, I. Coffey, C. S. Campos, J. Mendes, R. Ribeiro, J. Gois, J. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Shear induced reaction localization and mechanisms of energy dissipation in PBXs subjected to strong shock SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE PBX : micro-scale; meso-scale; macro-scale; initiation : shear; reaction localization AB The results of recent researches are overviewed focusing on two emerging topics: I genesis of reaction spot when the PBX structure is undergoing a shock-induced deformation, and 2 mechanisms of energy dissipation from the reaction spots and their related small-scale perturbations in the detonation reaction zone and in the PBX-driven inertial confinement (IC). The dominant role of shear driven plastic deformation in the reaction spot origination is disclosed in wide range of PBX sample sizes: from 1 mm(3) (single HMX crystal within the binder) up to few cm(3). Experimental evidences are presented showing that in the case of copper IC, a boundary layer, wherein the PBX-induced local perturbations dissipate to heat, is of order of few sizes of coarse HMX grains, similar to 1-1.5 mm. C1 [Plaksin, I.; Campos, J.; Mendes, R.; Ribeiro, J.; Gois, J.] Univ Coimbra, Assoc Dev Ind Aerodynam, Lab Energet & Deton, P-3030788 Coimbra, Portugal. [Coffey, C. S.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD USA. RP Plaksin, I (reprint author), Univ Coimbra, Assoc Dev Ind Aerodynam, Lab Energet & Deton, P-3030788 Coimbra, Portugal. OI Plaksin, Igor/0000-0002-5478-2373; Campos, Jose/0000-0002-6067-3069; Miranda Gois, Jose Carlos/0000-0002-7087-8041; Baranda Ribeiro, Jose Manuel/0000-0002-9908-7147; Mendes, Ricardo/0000-0002-3575-9733 FU Department of the NAVY, Office of Naval Research Global [N00014-07-1-4069]; NSWG-IH [N00174-05-M-0085] FX The visiting scientist program is supported by the Department of the NAVY, Office of Naval Research Global, under Grant Number N00014-07-1-4069 (AGO N62927, ONRG LTR 4069). Funding was provided by the NSWG-IH, under Purchase Order N00174-05-M-0085. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1427 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500335 ER PT B AU Brown, CW Hardisty, EA AF Brown, Christopher W. Hardisty, Eric A. GP ACM TI RegeXeX: An Interactive System Providing Regular Expression Exercises SO SIGCSE 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-EIGHTH SIGCSE TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education CY MAR 07-10, 2007 CL Covington, KY SP Special Interest Grp Comp Educ, ACM DE Regular expressions; theory of computing; education AB This paper presents RegeXeX (Regular expression exercises) an interactive system for teaching students to write regular expressions. The system poses problems (prose descriptions of languages), students enter solutions (regular expressions defining these languages), and the system provides feedback. What is novel in this system is the type of feedback: students are not merely told that a submitted regular expression is wrong, they are given examples of strings that the expression either matches and shouldn't or does not match and should, and asked to try again. Additionally, student responses need only be equivalent to the solution, not identical. Results of classroom experience with this system are also reported, and demonstrate its effectiveness in teaching students to write regular expressions with little or no instructor interaction. RegeXeX is a freely available, portable system, written in C++ and using the Qt library for its GUT. It is distributed with several exercise sets, but is designed so instructors can easily write their own. The system logs student work and offers facilities for submitting log-files to instructors as well, allowing for automatic grading, or in-depth analysis of student performance and evolution of responses throughout the exercise set. C1 [Brown, Christopher W.; Hardisty, Eric A.] USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brown, CW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM wcbrown@usna.edu; ehardist@usna.edu NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-361-4 PY 2007 BP 445 EP 449 PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BJS08 UT WOS:000267059300103 ER PT S AU Smith, JF Nguyen, TH AF Smith, James F., III Nguyen, ThanhVu H. BE Kadar, I TI Fuzzy decision trees for planning and autonomous control of a coordinated team of UAVs - art. no. 656708 SO Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XVI CY APR 09-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE resource management; fuzzy logic; planning algorithms; decision support algorithms; cooperative behavior AB A fuzzy logic resource manager that enables a collection of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to automatically cooperate to make meteorological measurements will be discussed. Once in flight no human intervention is required. Planning and real-time control algorithms determine the optimal trajectory and points each UAV will sample, while taking into account the UAVs' risk, risk tolerance, reliability, mission priority, fuel limitations, mission cost, and related uncertainties. The control algorithm permits newly obtained information about weather and other events to be introduced to allow the UAVs to be more effective. The approach is illustrated by a discussion of the fuzzy decision tree for UAV path assignment and related simulation. The different fuzzy membership functions on the tree are described in mathematical detail. The different methods by which this tree is obtained are summarized including a method based on using a genetic program as a data mining function. A second fuzzy decision tree that allows the UAVs to automatically collaborate without human intervention is discussed. This tree permits three different types of collaborative behavior between the UAVs. Simulations illustrating how the tree allows the different types of collaboration to be automated are provided. Simulations also show the ability of the control algorithm to allow UAVs to effectively cooperate to increase the UAV team's likelihood of success. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6689-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6567 BP 56708 EP 56708 AR 656708 DI 10.1117/12.716896 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGM29 UT WOS:000248405800007 ER PT S AU Van Mil, BL Lew, KK Myers-Ward, RL Holm, RT Gaskill, DK Eddy, CR AF Van Mil, Brenda L. Lew, Kok-Keong Myers-Ward, Rachael L. Holm, Ronald T. Gaskill, D. Kurt Eddy, Charles R., Jr. BE Wright, N Johnson, CM Vassilevski, K Nikitina, I Horsfall, A TI In-situ measurement of nitrogen during growth of 4H-SiC by CVD SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2006 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY SEP, 2006 CL Newcastle upon Tyne, ENGLAND SP II VI Inc, III Vs Review, Cree Inc, Compound Semicond, Dow Corning Compound Semicond Solut, LPE, Norstel AB, SemiSouth, SiCED, SiCrystal, Surface Technol Syst plc ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GAS-PHASE COMPOSITION; DIAMOND AB Real-time analysis of downstream nitrogen process-gas flows during 4H-SiC growth is reported. A Hiden Analytical HPR-20 quadrupole mass-spectrometer (QMS) was used to measure the process gas composition in the gas-stream of a hot-wall chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor. Using the 28 amu peak, it was found that the nitrogen partial pressure measured by the mass spectrometer directly correlates to the expected partial pressure of nitrogen in the process cell based on input flows. Two staircase doping samples were grown to track doping variations. The nitrogen mass flow was varied and corresponded to doping levels ranging from 1x10(15) cm(-3) to 8x10(18) cm(-3). Electron and nitrogen concentrations in the. epilayers were measured by capacitancevoltage (CV) profiling and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), respectively. These efforts show real-time QMS monitoring is effective during growth for determining relative changes in nitrogen concentration in the gas flow, and thus, the level of nitrogen incorporation into the growing layer. C1 [Van Mil, Brenda L.; Lew, Kok-Keong; Myers-Ward, Rachael L.; Holm, Ronald T.; Gaskill, D. Kurt; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Mat Sect, Code 6882,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Van Mil, BL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Mat Sect, Code 6882,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bvanmil@ccs.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; American Society for Engineering Education; NRL Postdoctoral Fellowship Program FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. Three of the authors, K.-K. Lew, B.L. VanMil and R.L. Myers-Ward acknowledge support from the American Society for Engineering Education- NRL Postdoctoral Fellowship Program NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 556-557 BP 125 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BGQ02 UT WOS:000249653900029 ER PT S AU Gaskill, DK Mastro, MA Lew, KK VanMil, BL Myers-Ward, RL Holm, RT Eddy, CR AF Gaskill, D. K. Mastro, M. A. Lew, K-K. VanMil, B. L. Myers-Ward, R. L. Holm, R. T. Eddy, C. R., Jr. BE Wright, N Johnson, CM Vassilevski, K Nikitina, I Horsfall, A TI Comparative investigation between x-ray diffraction and cross polarization mapping of 4H-SiC wafers off-cut 4 degrees towards (11-20) SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2006 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY SEP, 2006 CL Newcastle upon Tyne, ENGLAND SP II VI Inc, III Vs Review, Cree Inc, Compound Semicond, Dow Corning Compound Semicond Solut, LPE, Norstel AB, SemiSouth, SiCED, SiCrystal, Surface Technol Syst plc DE x-ray diffraction; cross-polarization; defect mapping AB A set of three 4H-SiC wafers with manufacturer specified micropipe density of 0-5 cm(-2) were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) maps before and after final chemical-mechanical polish. After final polish, the wafers were also investigated with atomic force microscopy, radius of curvature measurements and cross-polarization (x-pol) mapping. It was found that there was largely a lack of correlation between the XRD and x-pol maps, which strongly suggests that x-pol is insensitive to crystalline imperfections to which XRD is sensitive. C1 [Gaskill, D. K.; Mastro, M. A.; Lew, K-K.; VanMil, B. L.; Myers-Ward, R. L.; Holm, R. T.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.] US Naval, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gaskill, DK (reprint author), US Naval, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gaskill@estd.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; American Society of Engineering Education- Naval Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowships FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The authors are grateful for the assistance of Intrinsic Semiconductor (now Cree, Inc.) in facilitating XRD measurements. Several of us (MAM, KKL, BLV, and RMW) acknowledge support from American Society of Engineering Education- Naval Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowships NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 556-557 BP 235 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BGQ02 UT WOS:000249653900055 ER PT S AU Stahlbush, RE Liu, KX Zhang, Q Sumakeris, JJ AF Stahlbush, R. E. Liu, K. X. Zhang, Q. Sumakeris, J. J. BE Wright, N Johnson, CM Vassilevski, K Nikitina, I Horsfall, A TI Whole-wafer mapping of dislocations in 4H-SiC epitaxy SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2006 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY SEP, 2006 CL Newcastle upon Tyne, ENGLAND SP II VI Inc, III Vs Review, Cree Inc, Compound Semicond, Dow Corning Compound Semicond Solut, LPE, Norstel AB, SemiSouth, SiCED, SiCrystal, Surface Technol Syst plc DE dislocations; BPD; wafer mapping; PL imaging; photoluminescence; epitaxial layer ID SILICON-CARBIDE; POWER DEVICES; DEFECTS; GROWTH; DIODES AB A non-destructive technique to image the dislocations and other extended defects in SiC epitaxial layers has been developed. Basal plane dislocations (BPDs) and threading dislocations (TDs) are imaged. Photo luminescence from the dislocations is excited with the 364 and/or 351 nm lines of an argon ion laser and near-infrared light is collected. A computer controlled probe station takes multiple images and the mm-sized images are stitched together to form whole-wafer maps. The technique is applied to a set of four n(+) wafers from the same boule with 50 um n(-) epitaxial layers. The epitaxy was grown with Cree's low-BPD process. BPDs form as either single, isolated dislocations or as clusters encircling micropipes. The concentration of TDs is on the order 10(4)/cm2 and the local concentration varies more than an order of magnitude. The advantages of mapping dislocations by UV-PL imaging compared to other techniques are discussed. C1 [Stahlbush, R. E.; Liu, K. X.] USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zhang, Q.; Sumakeris, J. J.] Cree Inc, Durham 27703, NC USA. RP Stahlbush, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stahlbush@nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 12 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 556-557 BP 295 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BGQ02 UT WOS:000249653900070 ER PT S AU Lew, KK VanMil, BL Myers-Ward, RL Holm, RT Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK AF Lew, Kok-Keong VanMil, Brenda L. Myers-Ward, Rachael L. Holm, Ronald T. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Gaskill, D. Kurt BE Wright, N Johnson, CM Vassilevski, K Nikitina, I Horsfall, A TI Etching of 4 degrees and 8 degrees 4H-SiC using various hydrogen-propane mixtures in a commercial hot-wall CVD reactor SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2006 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY SEP, 2006 CL Newcastle upon Tyne, ENGLAND SP II VI Inc, III Vs Review, Cree Inc, Compound Semicond, Dow Corning Compound Semicond Solut, LPE, Norstel AB, SemiSouth, SiCED, SiCrystal, Surface Technol Syst plc DE surface morphology; off-oriented; hydrogen-propane etching; step bunching; hot-wall chemical vapor deposition ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH AB Hydrogen etching of 4H-SiC has been performed in a hot-wall chemical vapor deposition reactor to reduce surface damage and to create a bilayer-stepped surface morphology, optimal for initiation of growth on 4H-SiC substrates offcut 4 degrees and 8 degrees towards the < 11-20 > direction. To understand how step bunching evolves during the ramp to growth temperature, samples were etched ending at temperatures from 1400 to 1580 degrees C under 0, 2 or 10 sccm of propane (C3H8) addition to hydrogen. Initial exploratory growth of 5 mu m thick epilayers on the 4 degrees etched surfaces are also discussed. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Nomarski microscopy were employed to investigate changes in the surface morphology. The 8 degrees substrates subjected to H-2-C3H8 etching up to growth temperature routinely exhibited bilayer steps. However, when the 4 degrees substrates were etched with a 10 SCCM C3H8 flow, considerable step bunching was observed. At 14500 degrees C, with a 10 SCCM Of C3H8 flow (partial pressure is 1.25x 10(-5) bar), step bunching started with the formation of ribbon-like steps. Progression to higher temperature etches have shown the coalescence of the ribbons into larger macro-steps up to 30 nm in height. Etching 4 degrees substrates under 2 SCCM Of C3H8 (partial pressure is 2.5x10(-6) bar) or in pure H-2 up to 1500 degrees C results in minimal step bunching. C1 USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lew, KK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Mat Sect, Code 6882,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 556-557 BP 513 EP 516 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BGQ02 UT WOS:000249653900122 ER PT S AU Wimmer, SA Hogan, EA DeGiorgi, VG AF Wimmer, S. A. Hogan, E. A. DeGiorgi, V. G. BE DeGiorgi, VG Brebbia, CA Adey, RA TI Dipole modelling and sensor design SO Simulation of Electrochemical Processes II SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Simulation of Electrochemical Processes CY MAY 09-11, 2007 CL Myrtle Beach, SC SP Wessex Inst Technol, WIT Transact Engn Sci DE electrical dipole; electrical fields; boundary element modeling; impressed current cathodic protection; physical scale modeling ID SYSTEMS AB The truth Values used for validation of computational models are measured values, from either actual structures or experiments. The accuracy of computational models will depend on the accuracy in which key parameters can be measured. Therefore it is imperative that there is a clear understanding of what and how parameters are being measured. An incomplete understanding of the experimental process, including measurement sensors, will corrupt the computational model validation process. In this work computational modeling has been used to further the understanding and assist in the design of a sensor used to measure off-board electrical fields. Previously data from a series of dipole models was generated using NRL's physical scale modeling experimental facility. Results were compared with both analytical and computational solutions. Variations were observed between results. Boundary element methods were used to extensively model tank geometry, water depth, sensor orientation and to some degree sensor geometry. It was determined that the sensor as designed was not adequate for the off-board electrical measurements required. In this work boundary element modeling is used to assist in the design of a new off-board electrical field sensor. Dipole models which consider the vertical and horizontal placement of half-cells on the sensor are used to quantify characteristics of the new sensor. Comparisons are provided between analytical, computational and measured results once the sensor design is finalized. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wimmer, SA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU WIT PRESS/COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, ASHURST, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ENGLAND SN 1746-4471 BN 978-1-84564-071-2 J9 WIT TRANS ENG SCI PY 2007 VL 54 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.2495/ECOR070141 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGL93 UT WOS:000248252400014 ER PT B AU Brogan, CL Goss, WM Lazio, TJW Faison, MD AF Brogan, C. L. Goss, W. M. Lazio, T. J. W. Faison, M. D. BE Haverkorn, M Goss, WM TI VLBA observations of AU-scale HI structures SO SINS - SMALL IONIZED AND NEUTRAL STRUCTURES IN THE DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Small Ionized and Neutral Structures in the Diffuse Interstellar Medium CY MAY 21-24, 2006 CL Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM HO Natl Radio Astron Observ ID INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; PULSARS AB Several recent studies of Galactic H I toward background quasars and pulsars have provided evidence that there are opacity changes in the neutral interstellar medium on size scales as small as a few AU. The nature of these opacity variations has remained a matter of debate but could reflect a variety of physical processes, including changes in the H I spin temperature or gas density. A recent three-epoch series of observations of the quasar 3C 138 with the Very Long Baseline Array by Brogan et al. have shown clear evidence for opacity variations at the level of 0.50 0.05 over spatial scales of about 25 AU or 50 mas. In addition, clear evidence for temporal variations in the H I opacity over the seven-year time scale were observed, consistent with transverse motions of a few tens of kilometers per second. The plane-of-sky covering fraction for the absorbing medium was determined to be similar to 10% with an inferred filling factor for the small scale H I of - 1%. The line widths of the VLBA small scale features are comparable to single dish data, suggesting that the opacity variations cannot be due to change in the H I spin temperature. Based on these results, density enhancements are the favored interpretation. If this is the case, the enhancements are expected to be far from equilibrium and necessarily of short duration. Recently (2005 August), new VLBA observations of the quasar 3C 147 were carried out, which form a second epoch observation following the previous observations by Faison & Goss in 1998. The on-going analyses of these observations suggests that the properties of the small-scale H I opacity variations along these two lines of sight are broadly consistent. C1 [Brogan, C. L.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Goss, W. M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Lazio, T. J. W.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Faison, M. D.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Brogan, CL (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-33-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 365 BP 12 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGJ35 UT WOS:000247411700002 ER PT B AU Cordes, JM Lazio, TJW Bhat, R AF Cordes, J. M. Lazio, T. J. W. Bhat, R. BE Haverkorn, M Goss, WM TI Galactic distribution of macro-and-microstructure in the ionized interstellar medium SO SINS - SMALL IONIZED AND NEUTRAL STRUCTURES IN THE DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Small Ionized and Neutral Structures in the Diffuse Interstellar Medium CY MAY 21-24, 2006 CL Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM HO Natl Radio Astron Observ ID RADIOWAVE SCATTERING; PARABOLIC ARCS; SPECTRA AB Fluctuations in the ionized ISM have been probed to scales as small as a few hundred kilometers and appear to be turbulent in nature. In this paper we summarize relevant integrated measures and how they are used to infer local quantities and to model the electron density and its fluctuations on a Galactic scale. We also discuss constraints on the inner scale and anisotropy of rnicrostructure in the electron density. The most recent electron-density model, NE2001, is described and we outline improvements that will be made in the next version of the model, NE200X. Finally, we discuss the role of foreground plasmas in the interplanetary and interstellar media in constraining scattering in the intergalactic medium. C1 [Cordes, J. M.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lazio, T. J. W.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bhat, R.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. RP Cordes, JM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. FU NSF through grants to Cornell University; 6.1 Base FX We thank Bill Coles, Barney Rickett and Dan Stinebrin or fruitful collaborations and for discussions about topics discussed in this paper. This work was supported by the NSF through grants to Cornell University. he Arecibo Observatory is operated through a cooperative agreement etween Cornell University and the NSF. Basic research in radio astronomy at he NRL is supported by 6.1 Base funding. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-33-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 365 BP 233 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGJ35 UT WOS:000247411700036 ER PT B AU Stinebring, D Matters, J Hemberger, D Lazio, TJ AF Stinebring, Dan Matters, John Hemberger, Dan Lazio, T. Joseph BE Haverkorn, M Goss, WM TI Diffraction from 2d lenses in the ISM SO SINS - SMALL IONIZED AND NEUTRAL STRUCTURES IN THE DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Small Ionized and Neutral Structures in the Diffuse Interstellar Medium CY MAY 21-24, 2006 CL Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM HO Natl Radio Astron Observ AB One explanation for extreme scattering events (quasar flux variations with ringing and an extended flux minimum lasting for weeks) is refraction by lens-like structures in the ISM. Prompted by this and intriguing features in pulsar scintillation arcs, we have used an e-m wave propagation code to explore the flux time signature expected for a 2d lens with a Gaussian column density profile. This builds on the work of Clegg, Fey, and Lazio (1998, CFL), but considers 2d rather than 1d lens structures and simulates the light curves with a wave optics approach. We find results that are consistent with CFL in many ways, but demonstrate a richer interference structure at entry and egress from the lens. Also, we do not see evidence for an inner caustic in these 2d simulations. It is possible that the inner caustic is an artifact of the Id model that CFL analyzed. C1 [Stinebring, Dan; Matters, John; Hemberger, Dan] Oberlin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. [Lazio, T. Joseph] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stinebring, D (reprint author), Oberlin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. FU W.A. Coles, B. J. Rickett; collaborators (UCSD); National Science Foundation; Office of Naval Research FX The simulation used in this research was d eveloped by W.A. Coles, B. J. Rickett, and collaborators (UCSD), and we thank them for permission to use it. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation. Basic research in radio astronomy at the NRL is supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-33-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 365 BP 275 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGJ35 UT WOS:000247411700042 ER PT S AU Todd, WL AF Todd, W. L. BE Ashdown, SP TI Sizing for the military SO SIZING IN CLOTHING: DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE SIZING SYSTEMS FOR READY-TO-WEAR CLOTHING SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles LA English DT Article; Book Chapter RP Todd, WL (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Dept Navy, 48110 Shaw Rd,Attn Nawcad 4681 Bldg 2187,Suite 22, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM wendy.todd@navy.mil NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-0803 BN 978-1-84569-258-2 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL SER TE PY 2007 IS 64 BP 277 EP 308 PG 32 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Textiles SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BSI75 UT WOS:000284579300011 ER PT J AU Carr, W Phillips, B Wetherell, L Salamat, J Taylor, M Sausen, K Drummond, S AF Carr, W. Phillips, B. Wetherell, L. Salamat, J. Taylor, M. Sausen, K. Drummond, S. TI Functional magnetic resonance imaging study of recall after sleep deprivation: Short sleepers v. long sleepers SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Naval Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Depaul Univ, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. Vet Affairs San Diego Heathcare Syst, San Diego, CA USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 358 BP A123 EP A123 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900359 ER PT B AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, K. L. BE Rzoska, SJ Mazur, VA TI All standard theories and models of glass transition appear to be inadequate: Missing some essential physics SO Soft Matter Under Exogenic Impacts SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Soft Matter under Exogenic Impacts CY OCT 08-12, 2005 CL Odessa, UKRAINE SP NATO DE glass transition; glasses; structural relaxation; Johari-Goldstein relaxation; coupling model ID GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; MISCIBLE POLYMER BLENDS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; COUPLING MODEL; JOHARI-GOLDSTEIN; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; FORMING SUBSTANCES; DYNAMIC PROPERTIES; FREE-VOLUME; POSITRON-ANNIHILATION AB Many-molecule relaxation dynamics manifest themselves as general properties of the structural a-relaxation of glass-forming liquids independent of chemical composition and physical structure. An example is the Kohlrausch stretched exponential correlation function, phi(t) = exp[-(t/tau(alpha))(1-n)], where 0 <= n < 1 is a convenient measure of the dispersion of the a-relaxation and the extent of the many-molecule relaxation dynamics. Plenty of the other general properties are shown to be either governed by n or correlated with n, and these empirical facts collectively indicate the importance of many-molecule relaxation dynamics. Practically, all standard theories and models of glass transition have not taken many-molecule relaxation dynamics adequately into consideration and it is unsurprising that they cannot explain some of the general properties. Furthermore, they only address the structural a-relaxation without considering the universal Johari-Goldstein secondary relaxation and the role it plays as the precursor of the many-molecule relaxation dynamics. Experiments have shown that the Johari-Goldstein relaxation has properties that mimic the a-relaxation, Its relaxation time tau(JG), bears a general relation to tau(alpha), which is governed by n. These general properties of the Johari-Goldstein relaxation indicate its fundamental importance, which is not recognized or considered in all standard theories and models. Thus, we conclude that all standard theories and models of glass transition are inadequate. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 85 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-5870-7 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2007 VL 242 BP 91 EP 111 PG 21 WC Crystallography; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Physics GA BGH36 UT WOS:000246959300006 ER PT S AU Roland, CM Casalini, R AF Roland, C. M. Casalini, R. BE Rzoska, SJ Mazur, VA TI Segmental and chain dynamics in polymers SO SOFT MATTER UNDER EXOGENIC IMPACTS SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Soft Matter under Exogenic Impacts CY OCT 08-12, 2005 CL Odessa, UKRAINE SP NATO DE segmental relaxation; structural relaxation; chain modes; global motion ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; THERMORHEOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY; RELAXATION; PRESSURE; POLYISOPRENE; DENSITY; VOLUME AB All polymers exhibit a breakdown of time-temperature superpositioning in the softening zone, where both local and global chain modes contribute to the measured dynamic response. This differing behavior of the two modes is also seen in the volume and pressure dependences of the respective relaxation times. Nevertheless, the superposition of local segmental and global chain modes can be achieved by expressing the relaxation times as a function of the product of temperature, T, times specific volume, V, with the latter raised to a constant gamma. Moreover, the value of gamma is the same for the two modes. These experimental facts reveal that the relative contribution of temperature and volume is the same for the two modes, although their response to either variable differs; that is, while having the same functional form, the combined effect of T and V on the respective modes is different. C1 [Roland, C. M.; Casalini, R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Casalini, R.] George Mason Univ, Chem Dept, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 978-1-4020-5870-7 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2007 VL 242 BP 133 EP + PG 3 WC Crystallography; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Physics GA BGH36 UT WOS:000246959300008 ER PT S AU Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Casalini, R. Roland, C. M. BE Rzoska, SJ Mazur, VA TI Isobaric and isochoric properties of glass-formers SO SOFT MATTER UNDER EXOGENIC IMPACTS SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Soft Matter under Exogenic Impacts CY OCT 08-12, 2005 CL Odessa, UKRAINE SP NATO DE glass transition; pressure dependence; structural relaxation ID CHAIN DYNAMICS; LIQUIDS; TEMPERATURE; RELAXATION; POLYMERS; PRESSURE; TIME AB From new results for the equation of state of dibutylphthalate in combination with previously reported dielectric relaxation data, an analysis of the volume contribution to the dynamics was carried out for this fragile glass-former (m(P) = 84). We find that the ratio of the isochoric and isobaric fragilities equals 0.75, the largest found to date for any molecular van der Waals liquids, reflecting a strong temperature effect, consistent with the large fragility. The relaxation times superpose when plotted versus temperature times the specific volume raised to the 3.2 power. This is a somewhat larger value of the exponent than expected based on the fragility of DBP. The implication is that for molecular glass-formers, the classical Lennard-Jones repulsive potential may represent the limit for fragile liquids. C1 [Casalini, R.; Roland, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Casalini, R.] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 978-1-4020-5870-7 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2007 VL 242 BP 141 EP + PG 3 WC Crystallography; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Physics GA BGH36 UT WOS:000246959300009 ER PT B AU Curdt, W Landi, E AF Curdt, W. Landi, E. BE Demircan, O Selam, SO Albayrak, B TI The transition region above sunspots SO SOLAR AND STELLAR PHYSICS THROUGH ECLIPSES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Solar and Stellar Physics through Eclipses CY MAR 27-29, 2006 CL Ankara Univ, ORSEM Campus, Side, Antalya, TURKEY HO Ankara Univ, ORSEM Campus, Side ID SUMER SPECTRAL ATLAS; EMISSION-LINES; SOLAR; SPECTROMETER; OSCILLATIONS; FEATURES; H-2 AB We present results from spectroscopic observations of sunspots in the vacuum ultraviolet wavelength range obtained by SUMER on SOHO. The atmospheric conditions above sunspots are very special and remarkably different compared to other parts of the solar atmosphere. The transition region, which is normally a thin layer extends above sunspots very high in altitude and is filled with rather cold, low-density plasma. Sunspot plumes are sites of systematic downflow into a bottom layer, which is coherently oscillating with a 3-minute period. C1 [Curdt, W.] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Duhm, Germany. [Landi, E.] NRL, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Curdt, W (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Duhm, Germany. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 FU DLR; CNES; NASA; ESA PRODEX Programme (Swiss contribution) FX This work has benefited from collaboration with the Oslo group. We thank in particular N. Brynildsen, who helped with some of the figures in this communication. The SUMER project is financially supported by DLR, CNES, NASA and the ESA PRODEX Programme (Swiss contribution). SUMER is part of SOHO, the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, of ESA and NASA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-38-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 370 BP 40 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGH03 UT WOS:000246823600005 ER PT S AU Newmark, JS Cook, JW Moses, JD AF Newmark, J. S. Cook, J. W. Moses, J. D. CA SECCHI Consortium BE Fineschi, S Viereck, RA TI The SECCHI experiment on STEREO - art. no. 668902 SO SOLAR PHYSICS AND SPACE WEATHER INSTRUMENTATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solar Physics and Space Weather Instrumentation II CY AUG 26-27, 2007 CL San Diego, MA SP SPIE DE Sun; corona; coronal mass ejection; spacecraft AB The Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI) developed for the NASA Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) mission is a suite of optical telescopes that will, for the first time, observe the entire inner heliosphere from the solar surface out to the vicinity of Earth from twin spacecraft. SECCHI was developed by an international consortium led by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The primary objective of the STEREO mission is to understand the Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) phenomenon, discovered in 1971, and most recently extensively observed by the NASA/ESA Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). The SECCHI telescope suite is returning unprecedented views of the Sun and inner heliosphere. The SECCHI instruments on each of the two STEREO spacecraft observe CMEs from their initiation, through the corona, and into interplanetary space beyond the Earth's orbit. We present an overview of the development and early operations of the SECCHI experiment. C1 [Newmark, J. S.; Cook, J. W.; Moses, J. D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Newmark, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7660, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6837-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6689 BP 68902 EP 68902 DI 10.1117/12.747560 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BGZ49 UT WOS:000251542300001 ER PT J AU Lesser, D Hillesheim, P AF Lesser, David Hillesheim, Paul TI Pancreatitis in a woman taking an herbal supplement SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE herbal supplements; pancreatitis; herbal toxicity AB A healthy woman developed pancreatitis after starting a popular herbal supplement designed to boost female libido. Following cessation of the herbal supplement, her enzymes quickly normalized. The patient had no risk factors for pancreatitis and anatomic obstruction was later ruled out. The contents of the supplement and their history of side effects are reviewed. As several of the ingredients are estrogenic in nature, this may have contributed to the patient's reaction. Physicians should remember to take a careful history regarding the usage of supplements and alternative medicines. C1 USN Hosp, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. RP Lesser, D (reprint author), USN Hosp, 6000 Highway 98 W, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. EM david.s.lesser@pcola.med.navy.mil NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 100 IS 1 BP 59 EP 60 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 172AU UT WOS:000246777300014 PM 17269527 ER PT S AU Alfriend, KT Sabol, C Tombasco, J AF Alfriend, Kyle T. Sabol, Chris Tombasco, Jill BE Akella, MR Gearhart, JW Bishop, RH Treder, AJ TI Orbit determination and prediction for low earth satellites using a single pass of observation data SO SPACE FLIGHT MECHANICS 2007, VOL 127, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 17th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 28-FEB 01, 2007 CL Sedona, AZ SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB This report provides the development of a simplified covariance model for predicting the along-track error uncertainty and uncertainty growth rate for the single-pass, orbit determination and prediction problem for low Earth satellites. The model is validated using simulation and real data cases. Lastly, the model is used to generalize single pass orbit prediction results using angles-only, range-only, range and angles, and range and range-rate data. The results indicate the most accurate solutions occur using a combination of range and angles data. C1 [Alfriend, Kyle T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Alfriend, KT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-541-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2007 VL 127 BP 361 EP 380 PN 1-2 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGY87 UT WOS:000251412700021 ER PT J AU Auerbach, JD McCormick, FL Mehta, S Brummett, RS Rushton, SA AF Auerbach, Joshua D. McCormick, Frank L. Mehta, Samir Brummett, Russell S. Rushton, Scott A. TI Posterior cervical arthrodesis for subacute odontoid fracture in a patient with osteopetrosis: Case report SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE osteopetrosis; odontoid fracture; subacute fracture; instability ID AUTOSOMAL-DOMINANT OSTEOPETROSIS; ALBERS-SCHONBERG-DISEASE; SPONDYLOLYSIS; MANAGEMENT AB Study Design. A case of subacute odontoid fracture in a patient with osteopetrosis treated with posterior cervical arthrodesis using transarticular screws and interspinous wiring. Objectives. To report the first successful cervical arthrodesis in a patient with osteopetrosis and to highlight the potential perioperative pitfalls in this rare surgical population. Summary of Background Data. Osteopetrosis is a group of skeletal dysplasias characterized by osteoclast dysfunction, impaired bone resorption, and poor bone remodeling. Unique challenges associated with surgical fixation in osteopetrotic bone include a high incidence of nonunion, intraoperative fractures, intraoperative instrumentation failure, infection, and prosthesis loosening. We report the case of a patient with a subacute odontoid fracture treated successfully with posterior cervical arthrodesis using transarticular screws and interspinous wiring. Methods. The surgical technique, intraoperative pitfalls, and 2-year follow-up data are reported. Results. The patient underwent a successful posterior cervical arthrodesis using transarticular screws and interspinous wiring with autogenous iliac crest graft. At 2 years, a stable fixation was achieved with only mild postoperative limitation in neck range of motion. Conclusions. Cervical fractures and instability that require surgery in patients with osteopetrosis represent a unique challenge to the orthopedic spine surgeon. Despite the increased potential for perioperative instrumentation complications, nonunion, and infection, posterior cervical arthrodesis can be achieved and should be considered in the treatment armamentarium for this potentially catastrophic injury. C1 Penn Hosp, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USN, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Ctr Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Concord Hosp, Concord, NH USA. RP Rushton, SA (reprint author), Penn Hosp, 800 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. EM rushtons@vzw.blackberry.net NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP E34 EP E38 DI 10.1097/01.brs.0000250249.42858.55 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 123EI UT WOS:000243278700028 PM 17202878 ER PT J AU Bass, CR Lucas, SR Salzar, RS Oyen, ML Planchak, C Shender, BS Paskoff, G AF Bass, Cameron R. Lucas, Scott R. Salzar, Robert S. Oyen, Michelle L. Planchak, Chris Shender, Barry S. Paskoff, Glenn TI Failure properties of cervical spinal ligaments under fast strain rate deformations SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE spine biomechanics; cervical spine; anterior longitudinal ligament; posterior longitudinal ligament; ligamentum flavum; strain rate; impact loading; true stress and strain ID ANTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT; BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; FRONTAL IMPACT; INJURY; WHIPLASH AB Study Design. The failure responses of the anterior longitudinal ligament, posterior longitudinal ligament, and ligamentum flavum were examined in vitro under large strain-rate mechanical loading. Objective. To quantify the failure properties for 3 cervical spinal ligaments at strain rates associated with traumatic events. Summary of Background Data. There exists little experimentation literature for fast- rate loading of the cervical spine ligaments. The small amount of available information is framed only in extensive experimental coordinates, and not in the context of strains. Methods. Bone-ligament-bone complexes were strained at fast rates, in an incrementally increasing loading protocol using a servohydraulic mechanical test frame. Failure loads and displacements were converted to engineering and true stress and strain values, and compared for the different ligaments (anterior longitudinal ligament, posterior longitudinal ligament, and ligamentum flavum), spinal levels (C3-C4, C5-C6, and C7-T1), and for male versus female specimens. Results. There were no significant differences in force or true stress for gender or spinal level. There was a significant difference in force and true stress for ligament type. A difference was found between the posterior longitudinal ligament and ligamentum flavum for failure force, and between the ligamentum flavum and both the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments for failure true stress. No significant differences were found in true strain for ligament, gender, or spinal level. The mean ligament failure true strain was 0.81. Failure true strains were approximately 57% of the failure engineering strains. Conclusions. Once the injury mechanisms of the cervical spine are fully understood, computational models can be employed to understand the potentially traumatic effects of clinical procedures, and mitigate injury in impact, falls, and other high-rate scenarios. The soft tissue failure properties in this study can be used to develop failure tolerances in fast- rate loading scenarios. Failure properties of the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments were similar, and the same properties can be used to model both ligaments. C1 Univ Virginia, Ctr Appl Biomech, Charlottesville, VA USA. NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Lucas, SR (reprint author), 1011 Linden Ave, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. EM slucas@virginia.edu RI Oyen, Michelle/B-1600-2008 NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP E7 EP E13 DI 10.1097/01.brs.0000251058.53905.eb PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 123EI UT WOS:000243278700024 PM 17202883 ER PT J AU Pyne, S AF Pyne, Scott TI Intravenous fluids post marathon - When and why? SO SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the New-York-Academy-of-Science CY 2006 CL New York, NY SP New York Acad Sci ID EXERCISE-ASSOCIATED COLLAPSE; HYPOTENSION; RUNNERS AB The medical management of marathon casualties involves several potential treatment pathways. It is helpful to develop defined treatment protocols for commonly experienced conditions addressing intervention selection criteria and monitoring response to therapy. Providing intravenous (IV) fluids for runners post marathon should be scrutinised based upon the effectiveness and safety of the intervention. Commonly agreed upon indications for IV fluids are replacement for clinical dehydration and support for unconscious, hypoglycaemic or persistently hypotensive athletes. Most clinicians recommend serum sodium evaluation prior to IV initiation. IV fluid use in athletes with persistent nausea, generalised muscle cramping and to augment whole-body cooling is commonly deployed despite the paucity of supporting scientific evidence and remains an area for further study. Marathon medical support leaders should develop and disseminate guidelines to direct the administration of IV fluids at their medical aid stations. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Pyne, S (reprint author), USN Acad, 250 Wood Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM swpyne@annapolis.med.navy.mil NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 0112-1642 J9 SPORTS MED JI Sports Med. PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4-5 BP 434 EP 436 DI 10.2165/00007256-200737040-00042 PG 3 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 172RC UT WOS:000246820600042 PM 17465628 ER PT B AU Hess, PE AF Hess, P. E., III BE Chang, FK TI Structural health monitoring for high-speed naval ships SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2007: QUANTIFICATION, VALIDATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY SEP 11-13, 2007 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP AF Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Naval Res HO Stanford Univ AB There is a rapid growing interest in equipping naval vessels, especially high speed and high performance vessels, with real-time monitoring systems that include structural diagnosis and prognosis capabilities to support operational and maintenance decisions and for rapid response to combat or accidental damages. Examples of such are several current Navy acquisition programs that contain ship and hull monitoring aspects. These programs will be based on available commercial sensors, software, and hardware components. The long-term goal of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) application is to provide the knowledge necessary to effectively manage future naval ship structures while maintaining high levels of readiness and operability. In order to meet the long-term goal, Navy S&T and R&D communities are interested in developing new methods and technologies that are applicable to ship environments: and operational conditions. It is hoped that this presentation will initiate collective efforts to identify SHM technologies that are pertinent to naval ship structures, and stimulate additional discussion regarding the importance of ship structural health monitoring and management as an emerging area, important for the future U. S. Navy. C1 Off Naval Res, Ship Syst & Engn Div, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Hess, PE (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Ship Syst & Engn Div, 875 N Randolph St,Code 331, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-71-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2007 BP 3 EP 15 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Transportation GA BHM63 UT WOS:000254290000001 ER PT B AU Salvino, LW Brady, TF AF Salvino, L. W. Brady, T. F. BE Chang, FK TI Hull structure monitoring for high-speed naval ships SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2007: QUANTIFICATION, VALIDATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY SEP 11-13, 2007 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP AF Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Naval Res HO Stanford Univ AB The importance and the need for equipping high-speed naval vessels with an operational real-time structural health monitoring system are discussed. Currently, there are several Navy acquisition programs that contain ship and hull monitoring aspects. Examples Of Such will be given. Particularly, current status and activities of a hull condition-monitoring project for the Joint High Speed Vessel (JHSV) program will be presented. This program develops a Hull Monitoring System, which is composed of stand-alone commercially available software and hardware. It provides data measurement, data collection and conditioning, data processing and evaluation, as well as results presentation and storage. This hull monitoring system and processes are leveraging experiences gained from previous monitoring efforts on Navy vessels. Although this system does not have structural diagnosis and prognosis capabilities, it will deliver improved data recording, motion, load and usage monitoring. This project will provide valuable experience towards the development of intelligent strategy and automated processes to effectively manage future Naval ship structures. C1 [Salvino, L. W.; Brady, T. F.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Salvino, LW (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Code 65,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-71-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2007 BP 1465 EP 1472 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Transportation GA BHM63 UT WOS:000254290001048 ER PT B AU Seaver, M Trickey, ST AF Seaver, M. Trickey, S. T. BE Chang, FK TI Embedding fiber Bragg grating arrays in composite propeller blades SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2007: QUANTIFICATION, VALIDATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY SEP 11-13, 2007 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP AF Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Naval Res HO Stanford Univ AB Researchers developing fiber optic sensors routinely claim that fiber sensors embedded in composite materials will result in the ideal smart material or smart structure. To date, the majority of embedded fiber sensor work is limited to small composite beams built by the researcher. The level of difficulty increases dramatically, when the optical fiber and sensor(s) must be included in a manufacturing process with the handling done by manufacturing personnel. We have been involved in a team effort including groups at the Naval Surface Warfare Center (Carderock, MD) and AIR Fertigung Technologies (Rostock, Germany) to embed arrays of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in composite propeller blades and to test the assembled propeller(s) in a water tunnel. This paper describes the difficulties that had to be over come as the FBG arrays and fiber optic leads were included in an established manufacturing process. In addition, success required that a fiber optic rotary joint (FORJ) be incorporated into the propeller to allow the bidirectional transmission of optical information from the rotating propeller to the stationary demodulation system. C1 [Seaver, M.; Trickey, S. T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seaver, M (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-71-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2007 BP 1473 EP 1479 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Transportation GA BHM63 UT WOS:000254290001049 ER PT B AU Aktas, E Seaver, M Nichols, JM Trickey, ST AF Aktas, E. Seaver, M. Nichols, J. M. Trickey, S. T. BE Chang, FK TI Detecting delamination and core crushing in a sandwich composite wing SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2007: QUANTIFICATION, VALIDATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY SEP 11-13, 2007 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP AF Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Naval Res HO Stanford Univ ID CANTILEVER BEAM AB Foam core composites are routinely used in aerospace applications for their high strength/weight ratio. Low energy impacts, such as tool drops, hail, or bird strikes, can damage these structures in ways that are undetectable during visual inspection. In this study, a foam core composite wing from an Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) is tested for detection of core/skin delamination and core crushing due to low energy impacts. The wing is composed of 4 layers of woven carbon fiber fabric surrounding a foam core. The wing is instrumented with 8 Fibre-Bragg Grating (FBG) strain gauges and 2 accelerometers to acquire static and dynamic data. The wing is manufactured with a delaminated area of 50 mm. x 12.5 mm. between the skin and core by adding teflon tape during fabrication process. Additional damage to this same location is added through a series of low energy impacts using a swing-arm impactor with a 12.5 mm. diameter hemispherical tup. The delaminated area is divided into 8 sections with a single impact applied to each section respectively. Following the each impact, a static wing tip deflection test is performed to check for any changes in the strain properties of the wing. Next the wing is tested for three different excitation scenarios with 15 measurements made for each excitation scenario. Once the dynamic tests are completed for the specific damage state, another wing tip deflection test is pet-formed. The extent of damage following different numbers of impacts is estimated using an identical wing, At five different locations on the sacrificial wing impacts of 8, 6, 3, 2 and 1 are introduced. First, flash thermography is used to estimate the damage extent. This wing is then cut open and the cross sections examined to assess the damage. C1 [Aktas, E.; Seaver, M.; Nichols, J. M.; Trickey, S. T.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aktas, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Smart Struct Sect 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-71-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2007 BP 1799 EP 1807 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Transportation GA BHM63 UT WOS:000254290001088 ER PT S AU Focht, EA L'Heureux, BP Roe, C AF Focht, Eric A. L'Heureux, Brian P. Roe, Charles BE Toor, PM Barron, J TI Development of a fastener structural element test for certifying navy fastener materials SO Structural Integrity of Fasteners: Including the Effects of Environment and Stress Corrosion Cracking: 3rd Volume SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASTM Symposium on Structural Integrity of Fasteners including the Effects of Environment and Stress Corrosion Cracking CY NOV 10, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP ASTM Comm E-8 Fatigue & Fracture DE fasteners; fracture toughness; structural element testing; Ti-5111; MP98T ID STRESS-INTENSITY FACTORS; ROUND BARS; FRACTURE-MECHANICS; CRACKS; TENSION AB New materials intended for use in critical U.S. Navy applications are evaluated by a Fracture Toughness Review Process (FTRP) for acceptability. In addition to developing data on the mechanical properties, fatigue life, and fracture toughness, the FTRP requires that a representative structural element test be performed to verify that the material can withstand plastic deformation at high loading rates in the presence of a detectable flaw. A Fastener Structural Element Test (FSET) has been developed to certify fastener materials such that the results of fracture mechanics testing on candidate alloys can be verified. The testing required the development of a suitable specimen that best represented a fastener, flaw seeding, and pre-cracking techniques, load and displacement measurement techniques suitable for high loading rates, and material performance acceptance criteria. The complete results of the testing on titanium alloy Ti-5Al-1Sn-1Zr-1V-0.8Mo (a.k.a. Ti-5111) and a Co-Ni-Cr-Mo-Al-Fe alloy will be presented along with the test methodology, data acquisition, and analysis details. The challenges encountered and areas that require further refinement will also be discussed. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Mat Div, Alloy Dev & Mech Branch, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Focht, EA (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Mat Div, Alloy Dev & Mech Branch, Code 612,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 978-0-8031-3413-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2007 VL 1487 BP 3 EP 16 DI 10.1520/STP45254S PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BGL38 UT WOS:000248150100001 ER PT J AU Claassen, JH AF Claassen, J. H. TI Effect of substrate magnetism on the ac loss of high temperature superconductor tape-wound coils SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Magnetism can affect losses in superconducting coils in two ways. First, there is magnetic loss ('core loss'). This can be separately measured as a function of magnetic induction in the material of interest ( usually the substrate on which a superconducting film is grown). One can then find the fields in the coil when a current is applied and calculate the magnetic loss. A second mechanism, which has not been previously addressed, is an enhancement in the ac losses in the superconductor itself due to increases in the local magnetic fields. This contribution depends on the permeability of the magnetic material. Both contributions are calculated for a specific coil geometry using magnetic properties of a NiW alloy. In this example it is found that the latter contribution can be significantly larger than the former. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Claassen, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6362, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 20 IS 1 BP 35 EP 37 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/20/1/006 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 130HQ UT WOS:000243791100008 ER PT S AU Weiler, KW Panagia, N Sramek, RA Van Dyk, SD Williams, CL Stockdale, CJ Kelley, MT AF Weiler, Kurt W. Panagia, Nino Sramek, Richard A. Van Dyk, Schuyler D. Williams, Christopher L. Stockdale, Christopher J. Kelley, Matthew T. BE Immler, S Weiler, K McCray, R TI Radio emission from supernovae SO SUPERNOVA 1987A: 20 YEARS AFTER: SUPERNOVAE AND GAMMA-RAY BURSTERS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Supernova 1987A - 20 Years After CY FEB 19-23, 2007 CL Aspen, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Swift Sci Ctr, XMM Newton Guest Observ Cac, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Chandra X Ray Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Univ Colorado DE radio continuum : stars; supernovae ID RAPID PRESUPERNOVA EVOLUTION; SN 1993J VLBI; IB SUPERNOVAE; MASS-LOSS; DECELERATION; EXPANSION; SN-1993J AB Study of radio supernovae over the past 27 years includes more than three dozen detected objects and more than 150 upper limits. From this work it is possible to identify classes of radio properties, demonstrate conformance to and deviations from existing models, estimate the density and structure of the circumstellar material and, by inference, the evolution of the presupernova stellar wind, and reveal the last stages of stellar evolution before explosion. It is also possible to detect ionized hydrogen along the line of sight, to demonstrate binary properties of the presupernova stellar system, and to detect clumpiness of the circumstellar material. Along with reviewing these general properties of the radio emission from supernovae, we present our extensive observations of the radio emission from supernova (SN) 1993J in M 81 (NGC 303 1) made with the Very Large Array and other radio telescopes. The SN 1993J radio emission evolves regularly in both time and frequency, and the usual interpretation in terms of shock interaction with a circumstellar medium (CSM) formed by a pre-supernova stellar wind describes the observations rather well considering the complexity of the phenomenon. However: 1) The highest frequency measurements at 85-110 GHz at early times (< 40 days) are not well fitted by the parameterization which describes the cm wavelength measurements rather well. 2) At mid-cm wavelengths there is often deviation from the fitted radio light curves, particularly near the peak flux density, and considerable shorter term deviations in the declining portion when the emission has become optically thin. 3) At a time similar to 3100 days after shock breakout, the decline rate of the radio emission steepens from (t(+beta)) beta similar to -0.7 to beta similar to-2.7 without change in the spectral index (v(+alpha); alpha similar to-0.81). However, this decline is best described not as a power-law, but as an exponential decay starting at day similar to 3100 with an e-folding time of similar to 1100 days. 4) The best overall fit to all of the data is a model including both non-thermal synchrotron self-absorption (SSA) and a thermal free-free absorbing (FFA) components at early times, evolving to a constant spectral index, optically thin decline rate, until a break in that decline rate at day similar to 3100, as mentioned above. Moreover, neither a purely SSA nor a purely FFA absorbing model can provide a fit that simultaneously reproduces the light curves, the spectral index evolution, and the brightness temperature evolution. C1 [Weiler, Kurt W.; Williams, Christopher L.] USN, Res Lab, Code 7210, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Panagia, Nino] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Weiler, KW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7210, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); NASA FX We are indebted to the VLA TAC and schedulers for permitting and arranging our numerous observations over many years and to observers who have contributed data at other radio wavelengths, sometimes unpublished. KWW wishes to thank the Office of Naval Research (ONR) for the 6.1 funding supporting his research. CJS is a Cottrell Scholar of Research Corporation and work on this project has been supported by the NASA Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium. NP is Astronomer Emeritus at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) that kindly provided research facilities and partial support for this work. Additional information and data on radio supernovae can be found on http://rsd-www.nrl.navy.mil/7213/weiler/sne-home.html and linked pages. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0448-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 937 BP 256 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGX54 UT WOS:000251154500035 ER PT S AU Stockdale, CJ Kelley, MT Weiler, KW Panagia, N Sramek, RA Marcaide, JM Williams, CLM Van Dyk, SD AF Stockdale, C. J. Kelley, M. T. Weiler, K. W. Panagia, N. Sramek, R. A. Marcaide, J. M. Williams, C. L. M. Van Dyk, S. D. BE Immler, S Weiler, K McCray, R TI Recent type II radio supernovae SO SUPERNOVA 1987A: 20 YEARS AFTER: SUPERNOVAE AND GAMMA-RAY BURSTERS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Supernova 1987A - 20 Years After CY FEB 19-23, 2007 CL Aspen, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Swift Sci Ctr, XMM Newton Guest Observ Cac, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Chandra X Ray Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Univ Colorado DE radio supernovae; SN 1993J; SN 2001gd; SN 200lem; SN 2002hh; SN 2004dj; SN 2004et ID X-RAY AB We present the results of radio observations, taken primarily with the Very Large Array, of Supernovae 1993J, 2001gd, 200lem, 2002hh, 2004dj, and 2004et. We have fit a parameterized model to the multi-frequency observations of each supernova. We compare the observed and derived radio properties of these supernovae by optical classification and discuss the implications. C1 [Stockdale, C. J.; Kelley, M. T.] Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, POB 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Weiler, K. W.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Panagia, N.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. [Sramek, R. A.] Natl Radio Astron Observat, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Marcaide, J. M.] Univ Valencia, Valencia, Spain. [Williams, C. L. M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA USA. [Van Dyk, S. D.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Stockdale, CJ (reprint author), Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, POB 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. FU Research Corporation; NASA Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium; Office of Naval Research FX CJS is a Cottrell Scholar, supported by Research Corporation. MTK was supported by the NASA Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium. KWW thanks the Office of Naval Research for the 6.1 funding which supports his research. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0448-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 937 BP 264 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGX54 UT WOS:000251154500036 ER PT S AU Kelley, MT Stockdale, CJ Weiler, KW Williams, CLM Panagia, N Sramek, RA Marcaide, JM Van Dyk, SD AF Kelley, M. T. Stockdale, C. J. Weiler, K. W. Williams, C. L. M. Panagia, N. Sramek, R. A. Marcaide, J. M. Van Dyk, S. D. BE Immler, S Weiler, K McCray, R TI Light curves of radio supernovae SO SUPERNOVA 1987A: 20 YEARS AFTER: SUPERNOVAE AND GAMMA-RAY BURSTERS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Supernova 1987A - 20 Years After CY FEB 19-23, 2007 CL Aspen, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Swift Sci Ctr, XMM Newton Guest Observ Cac, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Chandra X Ray Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Univ Colorado DE radio supernovae; SN 2001gd; SN 2001em; SN 2002hh; SN 2004dj; SN 2004et AB We present the results from the on-going radio monitoring of recent type II supernovae (SNe), including SNe 2004et, 2004dj, 2002hh, 2001em, and 2001gd. Using the Very Large Array I to monitor these supernovae, we present their radio light-curves. From these data we are able to discuss parameterizations and modeling and make predictions of the nature of the progenitors based on previous research. Derived mass loss rates assume wind-established circumstellar medium, shock velocity similar to 10,000 km s(-1), wind velocity similar to 10 km s(-1), and CSM Temperature similar to 10, 000 K. C1 [Kelley, M. T.; Stockdale, C. J.] Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, POB 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Weiler, K. W.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Williams, C. L. M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA USA. [Panagia, N.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. [Sramek, R. A.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM USA. [Marcaide, J. M.] Univ Valencia, Valencia, Spain. [Van Dyk, S. D.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Kelley, MT (reprint author), Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, POB 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. FU NASAWisconsin Space Grant Consortium; Research Corporation; Office of Naval Research FX MTK was supported by the NASAWisconsin Space Grant Consortium. CJS is a Cottrell Scholar, supported by Research Corporation. KWWthanks the Office of Naval Research for the 6.1 funding which supports his research. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0448-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 937 BP 269 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGX54 UT WOS:000251154500037 ER PT S AU Bauer, FE Smartt, S Immler, S Brandt, WN Weiler, KW AF Bauer, F. E. Smartt, S. Immler, S. Brandt, W. N. Weiler, K. W. BE Immler, S Weiler, K McCray, R TI SN 1996cr: Confirmation of a luminous type IIn supernova in the Circinus Galaxy SO SUPERNOVA 1987A: 20 YEARS AFTER: SUPERNOVAE AND GAMMA-RAY BURSTERS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Supernova 1987A - 20 Years After CY FEB 19-23, 2007 CL Aspen, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Swift Sci Ctr, XMM Newton Guest Observ Cac, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Chandra X Ray Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Univ Colorado DE SNe; SN 1996cr; X-ray; radio; optical; gamma-ray ID RAY BURST CONNECTION; EMISSION; CHANDRA AB We have recently confirmed SN 1996cr as a late-time type IIn supernova (SN) via VLT spectroscopy and isolated its explosion date to similar to 1 yr using archival optical imaging. We briefly touch upon here the wealth of optical, X-ray, and radio archival observations available for this enigmatic source. Due to its relative proximity (3.8 +/- 0.6 Mpc), SN 1996cr ranks among the brightest X-ray and radio SNe ever detected and, as such, may offer powerful insights into the structure and composition of type IIn SNe. We also find that SN 1996cr is matched to GRB 4B 960202 at a 2-3 sigma confidence level, making it perhaps the third GRB to be significantly associated with a type II SN. We speculate on whether SN 1996cr could be an off-axis or "failed" GRB. C1 [Bauer, F. E.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, 550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Smartt, S.] Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Phys & Astron, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Immler, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Brandt, W. N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Weiler, K. W.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bauer, FE (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, 550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Brandt, William/N-2844-2015 OI Brandt, William/0000-0002-0167-2453 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0448-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 937 BP 427 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGX54 UT WOS:000251154500063 ER PT J AU Wirtz, JJ Monica, S AF Wirtz, James J. Monica, Santa TI Striking first: Preemptive and preventive attack in US national security policy SO SURVIVAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. RP Wirtz, JJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Ctr Int Secur & Cooperat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0039-6338 J9 SURVIVAL JI Survival PY 2007 VL 49 IS 4 BP 166 EP 167 PG 2 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 237UJ UT WOS:000251401600016 ER PT J AU Davis, MC Sathrum, AJ AF Davis, Matthew C. Sathrum, Aaron J. TI Solvent-free claisen condensation of isophorone and verbenone with para-hydroxyethylaminobenzaldehydes SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE claisen; dialkylaminobenzaldehyde; isophorone; solvent free; verbenone ID CHROMOPHORE AB A solvent-free Claisen condensation between isophorone or verbenone on two para-hydroxyethylaminobenzaldehydes is described. The method provides the condensation products quickly and, in most cases, without chromatography. C1 Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4-6 BP 921 EP 926 DI 10.1080/00397910601163570 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 184DD UT WOS:000247620400046 ER PT J AU Davis, MC AF Davis, Matthew C. TI Tricarbamate of 1,3,5-triaminobenzene via curtius rearrangement of trimesic acid and subsequent nitration SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE curtius rearrangement; nitration; 1,3,5-triaminobenzene; trimesic acid AB The triethyl tricarbamate of 1,3,5-triaminobenzene was prepared from trimesic acid in five steps with 70% overall yield. The tricarbamate underwent nitration to give the mono-, di-, or trinitro analogs in excellent yield. C1 Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2007 VL 37 IS 7-9 BP 1457 EP 1462 DI 10.1080/00397910701227044 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 184DE UT WOS:000247620500045 ER PT J AU Davis, MC AF Davis, Matthew C. TI Nitration of ethyl carbamates of phenylenediamines and aniline SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aniline; carbamates; nitration; phenylenediamines; urethanes ID ACID AB The methyl and ethyl carbamates of aniline and the diethyl dicarbamates of 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-phenylenediamine were prepared. Nitration of the carbamates gave ring mono-, di-, or trinitro-derivatives in good yield. C1 USN Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, Code 498220D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2007 VL 37 IS 12 BP 2079 EP 2089 DI 10.1080/00397910701357296 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 191QG UT WOS:000248145500016 ER PT J AU Davis, MC AF Davis, Matthew C. TI Improvements in the synthesis of a coumaromethacrylate dye SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE coumarin; methacrylate; one pot; solvent-free AB A new method to prepare a coumaromethacrylate dye has been devised. The older three-step route was shortened to a one-pot, solvent-free step. C1 USN, Ctr Weap, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Weap, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2007 VL 37 IS 14 BP 2383 EP 2389 DI 10.1080/00397910701410996 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 191QK UT WOS:000248145900011 ER PT J AU Davis, MC AF Davis, Matthew C. TI Safer conditions for the Curtius rearrangement of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Curtius rearrangement; 1,2-dichloroethane; diphenylphosphoryl azide; 1,3,5-triaminobenzene; 1,3,5-triisocyanatobenzene; trimesic acid ID DENDRIMERS; POLYMERS AB A rapid method to prepare 1,3,5-triaminobenzene and its derivatives is the tris-Curtius rearrangment of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid. The hazards associated with the acyl azide route are minimized by using 1,2-dichloroethane as solvent. A second method that avoids acyl azide preparation uses diphenylphosphoryl azide to yield the tricarbamate in one step. C1 Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2007 VL 37 IS 19-21 BP 3519 EP 3528 DI 10.1080/00397910701555766 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 228NV UT WOS:000250737500027 ER PT S AU Shaw, LB Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Shaw, L. B. Sanghera, J. S. Aggarwal, I. D. BE Murrer, RL TI IR fiber sources for scene projection - art. no. 65440K SO Technologies for Synthetic Environments: Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing XII CY APR 10, 2007 CL Orange, FL DE infrared fiber source; rare-earth doped chalcogenide fiber; Hardware-in-the-Loop AB Naval Research Laboratory has developed IR transmitting fiber and IR fiber sources which can be used for HWIL testing. IR transmitting fiber is capable of broad transmission from near IR to LWIR and can be formed into bundles for imaging. IR fiber sources are based on rare earth doped glass or nonlinear processes in the glass and are cable of high brightness IR emission. Recently, NRL developed a four emitter MWIR fiber source which is capable of high temperature simulation, high dynamic range., and fast response. New broadband fiber sources based upon IR supercontinuum generation in IR fibers are also being developed. In this paper, we will report on these technologies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shaw, LB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6666-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6544 BP K5440 EP K5440 AR 65440K DI 10.1117/12.724271 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BGJ52 UT WOS:000247631000015 ER PT S AU Behnken, BN Lowe, M Karunasiri, G Chamberlain, D Robrish, P Faist, J AF Behnken, Barry N. Lowe, Michele Karunasiri, Gamani Chamberlain, Danielle Robrish, Peter Faist, Jerome BE Jensen, JO Cui, HL TI Detection of 3.4 THz radiation from a quantum cascade laser using a microbolometer infrared camera - art. no. 65490C SO Terahertz for Military and Security Applications V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz for Military and Security Applications V CY APR 09-10, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE THz; microbolometer; uncooled; quantum cascade laser; imaging; detection; camera ID TERAHERTZ; WEAPONS AB The THz wavelengths cover the frequency range of 0.1-10 THz or 30-3000 mu m wavelength band. Currently, detection of THz radiation is carried out using either antenna-coupled semiconductor detectors or superconducting bolometers. Imaging of objects using these detection schemes requires complex scanning mechanisms which limits the applications involving real time imaging. For imaging applications it is desirable to employ focal plane arrays (FPAs) which leads to more compact systems. The FPAs based on photon detectors commonly used in infrared require cooling which becomes stringent as the detection extends to THz wavelengths. On the other hand, microbolometer FPAs using thermal detectors based on temperature change due to infrared absorption have a broad wavelength response and can be. operated at room temperature. The advances of microbolometer technology allow real time imaging in the 7-13 mu m wavelength range with relatively high sensitivity. However, their ability to detect THz radiation is relatively unknown. In this paper, imaging of a 3.4 THz (88 mu m) laser beam using an uncooled microbolometer camera is described. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Behnken, BN (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Faist, Jerome/A-7339-2013 OI Faist, Jerome/0000-0003-4429-7988 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6671-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6549 BP C5490 EP C5490 AR 65490C DI 10.1117/12.719744 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGL70 UT WOS:000248223000011 ER PT J AU Solum, AM Romero, SC Ledford, S Parker, R Madani, MM Coletta, JM AF Solum, A. Melissa Romero, Steven C. Ledford, Samuel Parker, Robin Madani, Michael M. Coletta, Joelle M. TI Left atrial hemangioma presenting as cardiac tamponade SO TEXAS HEART INSTITUTE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID CAVERNOUS HEMANGIOMA; VALVE C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. RP Solum, AM (reprint author), 221 SW Judson DR, Oak Harbor, WA 98277 USA. EM melissasolum@yahoo.com NR 5 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXAS HEART INST PI HOUSTON PA PO BOX 20345, HOUSTON, TX 77225-0345 USA SN 0730-2347 J9 TEX HEART I J JI Tex. Heart Inst. J. PY 2007 VL 34 IS 1 BP 126 EP 127 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 152EO UT WOS:000245344000030 PM 17420811 ER PT S AU Heitmeyer, CL AF Heitmeyer, Constance L. BE Schneider, K Brandt, J TI On the utility of formal methods in the development and certification of software SO THEOREM PROVING IN HIGHER ORDER LOGICS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Theorem Proving in Higher Order Logics CY SEP 10-13, 2007 CL Kaiserslautern, GERMANY C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Heitmeyer, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011; OI Heitmeyer, Constance/0000-0001-7942-9309 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-74590-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4732 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGQ61 UT WOS:000249783000001 ER PT S AU Yu, CJM Lei, C Mahapatra, R Sharp, J Karaman, I AF Yu, Chin-Jye (Mike) Lei, Charles Mahapatra, Rabin Sharp, Jeff Karaman, Ibrahim BE Chandra, T Tsuzaki, K Militzer, M Ravindran, C TI Equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) of Ni-Ti based shape memory alloy systems SO THERMEC 2006, Pts 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 04-08, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE shape memory alloy; Ni-Ti; equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) ID MARTENSITIC-TRANSFORMATION; DEPENDENCE AB In this paper we report the effects of Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) processing on the phase transformation characteristics of Ni-Ti based shape memory alloys in tenns of transfon-nation temperatures, temperature hysteresis, and microstructural evolution. The ECAE process affects the material's shape memory behavior via microstructural refinement. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were utilized to investigate the effects of microtructural refinement and substructure formation on the shape memory behavior of these alloys. The microstructural refinement was found to have significant influence on the transformation temperatures. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Pax River, MD 20670 USA. RP Yu, CJM (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, 48066 Shaw Rd, Pax River, MD 20670 USA. OI Karaman, Ibrahim/0000-0001-6461-4958 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-0-87849-428-6 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 539-543 BP 3195 EP 3200 PN 1-5 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BFW58 UT WOS:000245106103011 ER PT S AU Lewis, D Imam, MA Fliflet, AW Bruce, RW Kurihara, LK Kinkead, AK Lombardi, M Gold, SH AF Lewis, D., III Imam, M. A. Fliflet, A. W. Bruce, R. W. Kurihara, L. K. Kinkead, A. K. Lombardi, M. Gold, S. H. BE Chandra, T Tsuzaki, K Militzer, M Ravindran, C TI Recent advances in microwave and millimeter-wave processing of materials SO THERMEC 2006, Pts 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 04-08, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID HIGH-FREQUENCY; BEAM AB We are using 2.45 GHz (S-Band) microwave systems and an 83-GHz, gytrotron-based, millimeter-wave beam system in material processing and other areas. We use one 2.45 GHz system in preparation of nanophase metals, metal mixtures and metal oxides, via the patented continuous microwave polyol process, with potential for large scale, low cost production. Of interest are precious metals, mixtures of magnetic and nonmagnetic metals, and mixed metal oxides for ceramic precursors. The other S-Band systems are used to develop repair techniques for ceramic matrix composites where the repairs are heated to 200-1000 degrees C. A portable, battery-powered system is being developed for field repairs, and promises to be much more practical than alternative approaches (e.g., heating blankets). The 83-GHz system is being used in rapid sintering of polycrystalline ceramic materials intended for use in high power solid state lasers, where the requirement if for sintering to transparency with high optical quality and good lasing efficiency. Transparent Yb-doped yttria has been produced with hybrid con ventional/mill imeter- wave sintering of nanophase powders, as well as theoretically dense YAG. Another application for the millimeterwave beam system is in consolidation and bonding of hard coatings to light alloys, such as SiC on titanium, where the beam system allows heating of the coating to very high temperatures without overheating the metallic substrate. Finally, the millimeter-wave system is being used in the development of millinicter-wave plasma-assisted diamond deposition, where the quasi-optical system has significant advantages over conventional microwave plasma-assisted diamond deposition. Results for these various areas will be presented and discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lewis, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-0-87849-428-6 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 539-543 BP 3249 EP 3254 PN 1-5 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BFW58 UT WOS:000245106103020 ER PT S AU McNelley, TR Oh-Ishi, K Zhilyaev, AP AF McNelley, T. R. Oh-ishi, K. Zhilyaev, A. P. BE Chandra, T Tsuzaki, K Militzer, M Ravindran, C TI Microstructure evolution and microstructure - Property relationships in friction stir processing of NiAl bronze SO THERMEC 2006, Pts 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 04-08, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE friction stir processing; NiAl Bronze; As-cast; porosity; grain refinement; ductility ID STRAIN RATE SUPERPLASTICITY; ULTRAHIGH CARBON-STEELS; ALLOY; TEXTURE; RECRYSTALLIZATION; DEFORMATION; TEMPERATURE; PARAMETERS; BEHAVIOR; WELDS AB Friction stir processing (FSP) has been employed for localized modification and control of microstructures in NiAl bronze materials, which are widely utilized for marine components. The thermomechanical cycle of FSP results in homogenization and refinement and the conversion of microstructures from a cast to a wrought condition within stir zones in the material. However, the direct measurement of stir zone temperatures, strains, strain rates and cooling rates is difficult due to steep gradients and transients in these quantities, and this is an impediment in the assessment of FSP-induced microstructures and properties. Quantitative microstructure analyses following FSP of cast NiAl bronze materials have been used to develop estimates of stir zone thermomechanical cycles. The estimation procedures will be reviewed and the microstructure-based estimates will be compared to results from computational models and embedded thermocouples measurements. Stir zone microstructures comprise a mixture of primary a grains and transformation products of the P that formed during processing. Recrystallization in the primary a occurred due to particle-stimulated nucleation in this low stacking fault energy material. Factors that influence the distribution of strength and ductility in the stir zone appear to include the mixture of microstructure constituents and gradients in microstructure due to gradients in processing conditions. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McNelley, TR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010; OI Zhilyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1902-8703 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-0-87849-428-6 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 539-543 BP 3745 EP 3750 PN 1-5 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BFW58 UT WOS:000245106103103 ER PT S AU Rao, AS Kohler, L Aprigliano, LF AF Rao, A. Srinivasa Kohler, L. Aprigliano, L. F. BE Chandra, T Tsuzaki, K Militzer, M Ravindran, C TI Effect of heat treatment on the structure and morphology of amorphous steel produced using spray metal forming SO THERMEC 2006, Pts 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 04-08, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc AB In order to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the structure and morphology of spray formed structurally amorphous steel, several small samples were cut from one spray formed amorphous steel ingot (DAR - 35). The samples were heat treated at 700 degrees C in a tube furnace under a constant flow of 99.9% argon for up to 120 hours. The samples were furnace cooled to 300 degrees C. Later they were quenched in water. The structure was investigated using x-ray diffraction and the morphology of the polished and lightly etched samples was examined under both optical and scanning electron microscopes. The results indicate that the spray formed steels were amorphous. However, their microstructure is not homogeneous. The microstructure is composed of three distinctively different phase contrasts (viz. light gray, dark gray and bright white contrasts). The bright white phase contained maximum amount of tungsten and molybdenum, it had the least amount of iron. Both light and dark gray phases contained nearly the compositionally expected amount of iron, and more chromium than compositionally expected. The effect of heat treatment at 700 degrees C had no effect on the three different phase contrasts. However, the heat treatment at 700 degrees C showed some effect on the crystallization of the structure. The heat treatment for up to 24 hours has very little effect on the structure and morphology of the amorphous steel samples. However, if the samples were heat treated at 700 degrees C for more than 24 and below 72 hours, it appears that a partial crystallization of the steel occurs. Significant crystallization of the spray formed amorphous steel occurs due to prolonged heat treatment above 72 hours. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Rao, AS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-0-87849-428-6 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 539-543 BP 4185 EP 4190 PN 1-5 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BFW58 UT WOS:000245106104013 ER PT S AU Michael, S Canfield, LB AF Michael, Sherif Canfield, Lt. Burt BE Algora, C Corregidor, V TI The design and optimization 'of advanced thermophotovoltaic devices for deep space applications using a new modeling approach SO THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Conference on Thermophotovoltaic Generation of Electricity CY SEP 25-27, 2006 CL Madrid, SPAIN SP Univ Politecn Madrid, Univ Autonoma Madrid, FULLSPECTRUM European Integrated Project, Aixtron AG, Epichem Grp, Prorinnovabili, IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID SOLAR-CELLS; EFFICIENCY AB Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells hold great promise for lightweight, reliable energy conversion for deep space missions. A new method for developing a realistic model of any type of solar cell, with application to Thermophotovoltaic devices, is presented in this paper. Taking into account the high cost of research and experimentation involved with the development of advanced cells, we present here this novel methodology. An example model of an InGaP/GaAs/Ge multi-junction cell is prepared and is fully simulated. The major stages of the process are explained and the simulation results are compared to published experimental data. An example of cell parameters optimization is also presented. The flexibility of the proposed methodology is demonstrated and example results are shown throughout the whole process. One of the big problems for use of TPV devices in any space mission is heat removal. Currently, many TPV designs assume a low temperature radiator, which equates to large areas and masses. As an application to demonstrate the advantage of this approach, The Silvaco Virtual Wafer Fabrication Software is used as a tool to examine TPV optimization and performance at high temperatures in an attempt to reduce the mass cost associated with large radiators. Results are shown for InGaAs cells optimized to a 1300K black body at 350 K, 400 K, 450 K, and, 500 K C1 [Michael, Sherif; Canfield, Lt. Burt] Postgrad Sch, Space Syst Acad Grp, ECE Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Michael, S (reprint author), Postgrad Sch, Space Syst Acad Grp, ECE Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM michael@nps.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0392-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 890 BP 213 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BGA46 UT WOS:000245806800025 ER PT S AU Cranch, GA Flockhart, GMH Kirkendall, CK AF Cranch, G. A. Flockhart, G. M. H. Kirkendall, C. K. BE Cutolo, A Culshaw, B LopezHiguera, JM TI Comparative analysis of the DFB fiber laser and fiber-optic interferometric strain sensors - art. no. 66192C SO Third European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors CY JUL 04-06, 2007 CL Naples, ITALY SP Univ Degli Studi Sannio, Engn Dept, Optoelect Div, SPIE Europe, Soc Italiana Ottica Foton, European Opt Soc AB The DFB fiber laser strain sensor is shown to provide an improvement in the minimum detectable length change by a factor of 275 at 2 kHz for an applied strain when compared with an interferometric sensor interrogated by at equivalent DFB laser. This corresponds to a strain resolution enhancement by a factor of 18, if the strain is applied over, 10cm length of fiber. The ability of the fiber laser sensor to operate in its thermodynamic noise limit is shown to be the primary reason for this enhanced sensitivity. Thermodynamically limited noise performance is demonstrated with three interrogation methods. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cranch, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5674, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Flockhart, Gordon/B-9664-2009 OI Flockhart, Gordon/0000-0002-8777-7511 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6761-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6619 BP C6192 EP C6192 AR 66192C DI 10.1117/12.738561 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGT00 UT WOS:000250381900083 ER PT S AU Lopatin, CM Mahmood, S Mendoza, E Moslehi, B Black, R Chau, K Oblea, L AF Lopatin, Craig M. Mahmood, Shah Mendoza, Edgar Moslehi, Behzad Black, Richard Chau, Kelvin Oblea, Levy BE Cutolo, A Culshaw, B LopezHiguera, JM TI Progress in miniaturization of a multichannel optical fiber Bragg grating sensor interrogator - art. no. 66193X SO Third European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors CY JUL 04-06, 2007 CL Naples, ITALY SP Univ Degli Studi Sannio, Engn Dept, Optoelect Div, SPIE Europe, Soc Italiana Ottica Foton, European Opt Soc DE Bragg grating sensors; optical fiber sensors; health monitoring AB An effort to develop a miniaturized multichannel optical fiber Bragg grating sensor interrogator was initiated in 2006 under the Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) program. The goal was to develop an interrogator that would be sufficiently small and light to be incorporated into a health monitoring system for use on tactical missiles. Two companies, Intelligent Fiber Optic Systems Corporation (IFOS) and Redondo Optics, were funded in Phase 1, and this paper describes the prototype interrogators that were developed. The two companies took very different approaches: IFOS focused on developing a unit that would have a high channel count and high resolution, using off-the-shelf components, while Redondo Optics chose to develop a unit that would be very small and lightweight, using custom designed integrated optical chips. It is believed that both approaches will result in interrogators that will be significantly small, lighter, and possibly even more precise than what is currently commercially available. This paper will also briefly describe some of the sensing concepts that may be used to interrogate the health of the solid rocket motors used in many missile systems. The sponsor of this program was NAVAIR PMA 280. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Lopatin, CM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6761-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6619 BP X6193 EP X6193 AR 66193X DI 10.1117/12.738785 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGT00 UT WOS:000250381900140 ER PT S AU Chang, MPJL Nazari, H Font, CO Gilbreath, GC Oh, E AF Chang, M. P. J. L. Nazari, H. Font, C. O. Gilbreath, G. C. Oh, E. BE Arcoumanis, C Grattan, KTV TI Turbulence time series data hole filling using Karhunen-Loeve and ARIMA methods SO THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL AND LASER DIAGNOSTICS (ICOLAD 2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Optical and Laser Diagnostics CY MAY 22-25, 2007 CL City Univ London, London, ENGLAND HO City Univ London AB Measurements of optical turbulence time series data using unattended instruments over long time intervals inevitably lead to data drop-outs or degraded signals. We present a comparison of methods using both Principal Component Analysis, which is also known as the Karhunen-Loeve decomposition, and ARIMA that seek to correct for these event-induced and mechanically-induced signal drop-outs and degradations. We report on the quality of the correction by examining the Intrinsic Mode Functions generated by Empirical Mode Decomposition. The data studied axe optical turbulence parameter time series from a commercial long path length optical anemometer/scintillometer, measured over several hundred metres in outdoor environments. C1 [Chang, M. P. J. L.; Font, C. O.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Nazari, H.] Call Bellas Lomas 234, Mayaguez, PR 00682 USA. [Gilbreath, G. C.; Oh, E.] US Navy, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chang, MPJL (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. EM mark@charma.uprm.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 85 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/85/1/012025 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHG91 UT WOS:000253087700025 ER PT B AU Pipitone, F Hartley, R AF Pipitone, Frank Hartley, Ralph BE Pollefeys, M Daniilidis, K TI A structured light range imaging system using a moving correlation code SO THIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON 3D DATA PROCESSING, VISUALIZATION, AND TRANSMISSION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on 3D Data Processing, Visualization and Transmission CY JUN 14-16, 2006 CL Univ North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC HO Univ North Carolina AB We describe a system which produces a dense accurate range image using 8 consecutive frames of camera data in conjunction with a special projector. A prototype has been built and tested, and yields a typical range error of about 0.2mm at 2 meters range with a baseline just over one meter. The camera is directed at a scene, along with a stripe projector consisting of a thin light source (xenon tube and slit) on the axis of a turntable, and a binary mask conforming to a cylinder coaxial with this. The mask has alternate opaque and transparent stripes parallel to the axis. It forms a sequence in which each subsequence of given length n (8 here) is different. No lens is used in the projector, deliberately smoothing the resulting illumination in a shadowing process. In operation, the turntable rotates, and images are taken at uniform angular intervals for several consecutive frames. In the consecutive frames, a given pixel records samples of the brightness of a fixed surface point. The vector consisting of those samples, when normalized, is unique to the place in the sequence from which it came, thus enabling the computation, via a fast indexing process, of the 3D position of the surface point. The code is similar to a DeBruijn sequence, but modified to reduce range error. Several types of calibration and error compensation were used to produce an accurate range image. C1 [Pipitone, Frank; Hartley, Ralph] USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pipitone, F (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pipitone@aic.nrl.navy.mil; hartley@aic.nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2825-0 PY 2007 BP 931 EP 937 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BGN52 UT WOS:000248621700119 ER PT J AU Berger, MT Borer, DA AF Berger, Mark T. Borer, Douglas A. TI The Long War: insurgency, counterinsurgency and collapsing states SO THIRD WORLD QUARTERLY LA English DT Article AB This introductory article provides the context for the contemporary debate about insurgency, counterinsurgency and collapsing states taking place against the backdrop of what originated as the 'global war on terror' (GWOT) and is now increasingly being characterised as 'the Long War'. The Long War and the GWOT are often represented as a 'new' era in warfare and US geopolitics, despite the fact that, rhetorically, George W Bush and other administration officials have on occasion invoked the Second World War as analogous to the Long War. This article argues that the Long War is new in important respects, but it also bears many similarities to the Cold War. A key similarity between the Cold War and the Long War is the way in which insurgency and counterinsurgency are seen primarily in the context of interstate rivalry in which the critical local or regional dynamics of revolution and counter-revolution are neglected. In this context US policy makers and their allies have again erroneously applied a 'grand strategy' that suits the imperatives of conventional military and geopolitical thinking rather than engaging with what is a much more variegated array of problems facing the changing global order. The Long War is ostensibly a war against various nonstate movements, networks and actors, and is even represented as such by the Pentagon and the White House. However, the overall approach to the Long War has continued to fall back on the conventional 'American Way of War' that produces more problems than it solves. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Berger, MT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mtberger@nps.edu; daborer@nps.edu NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0143-6597 J9 THIRD WORLD Q JI Third World Q. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 BP 197 EP 215 DI 10.1080/01436590601153572 PG 19 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 145XL UT WOS:000244899000001 ER PT J AU Sepp, KI AF Sepp, Kalev I. TI From 'Shock and Awe' to 'Hearts and Minds': the fall and rise of US counterinsurgency capability in Iraq SO THIRD WORLD QUARTERLY LA English DT Article AB This article recounts the initial difficulties of the US occupation of Iraq that enabled the growth and maturation of the Iraqi insurgency. The focus will be on how the US military adapted, while in combat, to a situation for which its prior training and doctrinal focus had left it ill prepared. The article will explain the challenges faced by military leaders to move from a hierarchical, cold war-designed approach to warfare, to a more adaptive, decentralised mode of operations that requires distributed authority and decision making. The story will be told from the perspective of two strategic planners who helped shape the campaign plan for the coalition forces in Iraq, including the challenges they encountered when attempting to unify all elements of US national power against the Iraqi insurgency. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sepp, KI (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM kisepp@nps.edu NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0143-6597 J9 THIRD WORLD Q JI Third World Q. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 BP 217 EP 230 DI 10.1080/01436590601153606 PG 14 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 145XL UT WOS:000244899000002 ER PT J AU Robinson, GE AF Robinson, Glenn E. TI The battle for Iraq: Islamic insurgencies in comparative perspective SO THIRD WORLD QUARTERLY LA English DT Article AB This article constructs a model of three types, or clusters, of Muslim insurgency over the past two centuries. It analyses how each cluster shares a common ideological formulation, impetus, leadership type, propensity for violence, organisational structure and level of durability. Examples from each of the three clusters are briefly examined and compared on these criteria. The article then examines Iraq's insurgency ( more correctly, insurgencies) from mid-2003 to the present in light of the models to suggest how the insurgency 'fits in' with other insurgencies in the Muslim world. Understanding its characteristics in light of the models sheds light on how durable the insurgency may be. The most durable insurgencies have been ones in which the mantles of nation and Islam are successfully fused. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Robinson, GE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM grobinson@nps.edu NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0143-6597 J9 THIRD WORLD Q JI Third World Q. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 BP 261 EP 273 DI 10.1080/01436590601153648 PG 13 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 145XL UT WOS:000244899000005 ER PT J AU Rothstein, HS AF Rothstein, Hy S. TI Less is More: the problematic future of irregular warfare in an era of collapsing states SO THIRD WORLD QUARTERLY LA English DT Article AB US success against irregular threats is inversely related to the priority senior US officials (civilian and military) attach to the effort. When one investigates the return on investment in the global war on terror (GWOT), now increasingly described as the Long War, in Iraq versus in the Philippines, it is clear that US efforts in the Philippines are achieving great success with minimal resources, while efforts in Iraq are achieving limited success with almost unlimited resources. The same is true of US success against an irregular threat in El Salvador in the 1980s. During that period the focus of US military attention was in Europe. El Salvador was a backwater that was never of particularly great importance to the Pentagon. This paper will seek to understand why limited efforts against irregular threats seem to result in greater success than all-out efforts. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Rothstein, HS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM hsrothst@nps.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0143-6597 J9 THIRD WORLD Q JI Third World Q. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 BP 275 EP 294 DI 10.1080/01436590601153663 PG 20 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 145XL UT WOS:000244899000006 ER PT J AU McCormick, GH Giordano, F AF McCormick, Gordon H. Giordano, Frank TI Things Come Together: symbolic violence and guerrilla mobilisation SO THIRD WORLD QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID EAST EUROPEAN REVOLUTION AB Nascent insurgencies often face an opening mobilisation dilemma that can cripple their ability to grow into a mature threat to the state. The source of this dilemma lies in the fact that the great majority of people who are prepared to support an insurgency in principle are only willing to do so conditionally, depending not only on the costs and benefits of their alternatives but the probabilities they assign to each side's success. At the outset of such conflicts, when the emerging group is very small, the probability that the insurgency will be successful is low and the probability that it will fail is high. The expected costs of participation are correspondingly high, and the expected benefits of supporting the opposition are low. Why would anyone join such an undertaking? We examine how armed opposition groups resolve this dilemma through the use of symbolic violence and the manipulation of violent images. If successful, they transform their generated images into facts to achieve a self-sustaining mobilisation programme. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McCormick, GH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM gmccormick@nps.edu; frgiorda@nps.edu NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0143-6597 J9 THIRD WORLD Q JI Third World Q. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 BP 295 EP 320 DI 10.1080/01436590601153705 PG 26 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 145XL UT WOS:000244899000007 ER PT J AU McCormick, GH Horton, SB Harrison, LA AF McCormick, Gordon H. Horton, Steven B. Harrison, Lauren A. TI Things Fall Apart: the endgame dynamics of internal wars SO THIRD WORLD QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID NETWORKS AB Most internal wars end on the battlefield. Only a small percentage end at the negotiating table. While significant attention has been paid to how internal wars begin and how they evolve, relatively little attention has been paid to how they are concluded. What research has been done on this subject, furthermore, has focused almost exclusively on the problems that stand in the way of achieving a negotiated outcome, not on how these conflicts are so frequently resolved by force. This article examines the dynamics of the endgame struggle and the quite different ways in which states and insurgencies 'win' and 'lose' internal wars. We explore this topic theoretically and empirically in the first part of the article and examine the formal logic of the endgame in the second part, explaining how and why these endings follow a predictable pattern. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Terrorism & Irregular Warfare, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McCormick, GH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM gmccormick@nps.edu; Steven.Horton@usma.edu; laharris@nps.edu NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0143-6597 J9 THIRD WORLD Q JI Third World Q. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 BP 321 EP 367 DI 10.1080/01436590601153721 PG 47 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 145XL UT WOS:000244899000008 ER PT J AU Arquilla, J AF Arquilla, John TI The End of War as We Knew It? Insurgency, counterinsurgency and lessons from the forgotten history of early terror networks SO THIRD WORLD QUARTERLY LA English DT Article AB The growing potency of networked organisations has manifested itself over the past decade in the fresh energy evident among terrorists and insurgents-most notably al-Qaida and Hezbollah. Networks have even shown a capacity to wage war toe-to-toe against nation-states-with some success, as can be seen in the outcome of the First Russo-Chechen War (1994-96). The range of choices available to networks thus covers an entire spectrum of conflict, posing the prospect of a significant blurring of the lines between insurgency, terror and war. While history provides some useful examples to stimulate strategic thought about such problems, coping with networks that can fight in so many different ways-sparking myriad, hybrid forms of conflict-is going to require some innovative thinking to go along with more traditional introspection about the relevant lessons of history. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Arquilla, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jarquilla@nps.edu NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0143-6597 J9 THIRD WORLD Q JI Third World Q. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 BP 369 EP 386 DI 10.1080/01436590601153861 PG 18 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 145XL UT WOS:000244899000009 ER PT J AU Simons, A Tucker, D AF Simons, Anna Tucker, David TI The Misleading Problem of Failed States: a 'socio-geography' of terrorism in the post-9/11 era SO THIRD WORLD QUARTERLY LA English DT Article AB Contrary to a commonly held view, significant numbers of international terrorists do not come from failed states. Nor do failed states house many organisations that support terrorism. All states consistently fail some portions of their population. In fact, were we to generalise, it should only be along the following lines: from disenfranchised populations can come foot soldiers, from alienated populations can come terrorists. And these exist in pockets everywhere, including our own backyard. To the degree that these produce security problems, these problems are best handled by means other than direct military force. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Simons, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM asimons@nps.edu; dctucker@nps.edu NR 34 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0143-6597 J9 THIRD WORLD Q JI Third World Q. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 BP 387 EP 401 DI 10.1080/01436590601153887 PG 15 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 145XL UT WOS:000244899000010 ER PT J AU Borer, DA Berger, MT AF Borer, Douglas A. Berger, Mark T. TI All Roads Lead to and from Iraq: the Long War and the transformation of the nation-state system SO THIRD WORLD QUARTERLY LA English DT Article AB This concluding article returns to some of the key themes of this volume in relation to insurgency, counter-insurgency and collapsing states. In particular it attempts to characterise the relationship between the Long War and the Cold War, in relation to the transformation of the nation-state system. More broadly it emphasises that the Cold War was an often misdirected, militarised struggle between 'genuinely existing' liberal capitalism and 'genuinely existing' state socialism (the First World and the Second World) against each other and for influence and power in the erstwhile Third World. The Long War, meanwhile, reflects both the triumph of 'genuinely existing' liberal capitalism as the dominant form of secular modernity over an equally, if not more virulently secular 'genuinely existing' state-socialism, and the emergence of an anti-secular neo-traditionalism (often, but not exclusively, Islamic) at both the nation-state and the transnational level. At the same time the binary that drove the Cold War and led to considerable bloodshed, was often characterised by contradictions within the two main ostensible challengers which were as potent as those between them. This is also the case in relation to Islamic revivalisms and their neo-traditional challenges to secular modernity and 'genuinely existing' liberal capitalism. (In fact, it is worth noting, that although Islamic fundamentalisms are at the forefront of the neo-traditional revival, there are other religious-based neo-traditionalisms seeking to counter the global spread of 'genuinely existing' liberal capitalism.) We conclude that the 'real' Long War may be a struggle within the 'Muslim world' rather than the ostensible struggle between the 'West' and 'Islam'. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93493 USA. RP Borer, DA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93493 USA. EM daborer@nps.edu; mt.berger@nps.edu NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0143-6597 J9 THIRD WORLD Q JI Third World Q. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 BP 457 EP 463 DI 10.1080/01436590601154000 PG 7 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 145XL UT WOS:000244899000014 ER PT J AU Berger, MT AF Berger, Mark T. TI States of nature and the nature of states: the fate of nations, the collapse of states and the future of the world SO THIRD WORLD QUARTERLY LA English DT Review AB This article is an effort to advance the political and intellectual debate on the theory and practice of nation building in an era of collapsing states. I assume at the outset that we are in the midst of a crisis of the nation-state system as a whole and, thus of the vast majority of its constituent polities. This is not a problem that can be addressed by technocratic prescriptions for the creation or stabilisation of particular collapsing or failing nation- states or the rehabilitation of the nation- state system as a whole. In this context the debate about nation building needs to be carried well beyond its current terms of reference. Only by dramatically deepening and broadening the current level of both commitment and understanding of what is at stake can we begin to come to grips with the fate of nations, the collapse of states and the future of the world. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Dept Def Anal NPS, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Berger, MT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM mtberger@nps.edu NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0143-6597 J9 THIRD WORLD Q JI Third World Q. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1203 EP 1214 DI 10.1080/01436590701507677 PG 12 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 202PP UT WOS:000248915800010 ER PT B AU Pai, RS McGill, RA Stepnowski, SV Stepnowski, JL Williams, KP Summers, H Furstenberg, R Rake, MT Nguyen, VK Simonson, DL Higgins, B Kendziora, C Houser, EJ AF Pai, Rekha S. McGill, R. Andrew Stepnowski, Stanley V. Stepnowski, Jennifer L. Williams, Kimberly P. Summers, Heather Furstenberg, Robert Rake, Matthew T. Nguyen, Viet K. Simonson, Duane L. Higgins, Bernadette Kendziora, Chris Houser, Eric J. GP IEEE TI Towards enhanced detection of chemical agents: Design and development of a microfabricated preconcentrator SO TRANSDUCERS '07 & EUROSENSORS XXI, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems/21st European Conference on Solid-State Transducers CY JUN 10-14, 2007 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP CEA, Leti, Minatec, IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Elsevier DE microfabricated preconcentrator; chemical agents; trace detection; explosives; illicit materials; hazardous chemicals; ion mobility Spectroscopy; MEMS; flow-through; chemical sensor and focusing device AB Cascade Avalanche Sorbent Plate ARray (CASPAR), a micromachined hotplate coated with sorbent polymer, has been demonstrated earlier as a selective preconcentrator for chemical agents and explosives. Up to two orders of magnitude increase in sensitivity has been established by incorporating CASPAR as a front end-modification to commercial detectors. Experimental evidence obtained via thermal imaging and fluorescent particle flow tagging suggests that an 8.5 mm x 8.5 mm current hotplate design is sub-optimal due to non-uniformities in the heating and vapor/particle collection profiles. In this study, we discuss the CASPAR design optimization with the aim to enhance the collection efficiency of hazardous chemical vapor while maintaining thermal stability and precise control before injection of a focused pulse of analyte into a detector. C1 [Pai, Rekha S.; McGill, R. Andrew; Stepnowski, Stanley V.; Furstenberg, Robert; Nguyen, Viet K.; Simonson, Duane L.; Higgins, Bernadette; Kendziora, Chris; Houser, Eric J.] USN, Res Lab, Code 6365, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stepnowski, Jennifer L.; Williams, Kimberly P.; Summers, Heather; Rake, Matthew T.] Novo Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Houser, Eric J.] Transportat Secur Res & Dev Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McGill, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6365, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mcgill@nrl.navy.mil FU Department of Homeland Security, Transportation Security Laboratory; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Department of Homeland Security, Transportation Security Laboratory and the Office of Naval Research. The authors also wish to acknowledge the technical assistance rendered by Dr. Kevin Walsh and Michael Martin from the University of Louisville Micro/Nano Technology Center, Louisville, KY. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0841-2 PY 2007 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGP86 UT WOS:000249603700570 ER EF