FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Verheggen, B Mozurkewich, M Caffrey, P Frick, G Hoppel, W Sullivan, W AF Verheggen, Bart Mozurkewich, Michael Caffrey, Peter Frick, Glendon Hoppel, William Sullivan, William TI alpha-Pinene oxidation in the presence of seed aerosol: Estimates of nucleation rates, growth rates, and yield SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE FORMATION; ORGANIC AEROSOL; BOREAL FOREST; SULFURIC-ACID; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; VAPOR-PRESSURES; MODE PARTICLES; BETA-PINENE AB A recently developed inverse-modeling procedure has been applied to a case study of particle nucleation and growth following alpha-pinene and SO(2) oxidation in a smog chamber. With the use of only the measured aerosol size distributions as input, the condensational growth rate is obtained by regression analysis of the general dynamic equation, taking into account coagulation and wall losses. The growth rate provides an indirect measure of the concentration of the condensing species, offset by their vapor pressures. Assuming a particle density of 1.0 g cm(-3), an aerosol yield of 7 +/- 1% is obtained for an initial alpha-pinene concentration of 14 ppbv and a final organic aerosol mass of 4 mu g m(3). Using the estimated vapor concentration, we show that the time-dependence of the yield is at least partly due to the time needed for condensation. Such a kinetic limitation to secondary organic aerosol formation may have implications for our understanding of gas-particle partitioning. The measured size distributions are also used to determine the empirical nucleation rate;it appears to be enhanced by the presence of organics. C1 York Univ, Ctr Atmospher Chem, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. York Univ, Dept Chem, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Psi, Switzerland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14225 USA. RP Mozurkewich, M (reprint author), York Univ, Ctr Atmospher Chem, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. EM mozurkew@yorku.ca NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 17 BP 6046 EP 6051 DI 10.1021/es070245c PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 207GR UT WOS:000249240100027 PM 17937280 ER PT J AU Levens, ED Wei, Q Nieman, LK AF Levens, E. D. Wei, Q. Nieman, L. K. TI Indian hedgehog and its associated down-stream targets are altered in response to in vivo CDB-2914 administration. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 13-17, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Reproduct Med C1 NICHHD, Reprod Biol & Med Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Combined Fed Fellowship Reprod Endocrinol & Infer, NIH,Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 88 SU 1 BP S196 EP S196 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.673 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 216PC UT WOS:000249889800546 ER PT J AU Levens, ED Whitcomb, BW Kort, JD Materia-Hoover, D Feinberg, EC Larsen, FW AF Levens, E. D. Whitcomb, B. W. Kort, J. D. Materia-Hoover, D. Feinberg, E. C. Larsen, F. W. TI A retrospective comparison of microdose follicular phase and luteal phase gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) suppression for in vitro fertilization in patients 30 years old and younger. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 13-17, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Reproduct Med C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, ART Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Combined Fed Fellowship Reprod Endocrinol & Infer, NIH,Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NICHHD, Reprod Biol & Med Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NICHHD, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. ART Inst Washington Inc, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 88 SU 1 BP S139 EP S140 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.447 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 216PC UT WOS:000249889800377 ER PT J AU Levens, ED Payson, MD Larsen, FW AF Levens, E. D. Payson, M. D. Larsen, F. W. TI A prospective, randomized comparison trial of ovarian follicular re-aspiration at oocyte retrieval among patients with reduced ovarian response undergoing art. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 13-17, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Reproduct Med C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, ART Program, Washington, DC USA. USN, Med Ctr, Combined Fellowship Reprod Endocrinol & Infertil, NIH,Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NICHHD, Reprod Biol & Med Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 88 SU 1 BP S126 EP S126 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.404 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 216PC UT WOS:000249889800336 ER PT J AU Wei, Q Levens, ED Nieman, LK AF Wei, Q. Levens, E. D. Nieman, L. K. TI CDB-2914, a novel selective progesterone receptor modulator, differentially regulates endometrial gene expression in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 13-17, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Reproduct Med C1 NICHHD, Reprod Biol & Med Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Combined Fed Fellowship Reprod Endocrinol & Infer, NIH,Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 88 SU 1 BP S194 EP S194 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.667 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 216PC UT WOS:000249889800540 ER PT J AU Bharuth-Ram, K Naicker, VV Naidoo, D Gunnlaugsson, HP Mantovan, R Weyer, G Dietrich, M Butler, JE AF Bharuth-Ram, K. Naicker, V. V. Naidoo, D. Gunnlaugsson, H. P. Mantovan, R. Weyer, G. Dietrich, M. Butler, J. E. CA ISOLDE Collaboration TI Mossbauer study of (57)Fe in CVD diamond following (57)Mn implantation SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE CVD diamond; Ion implantation; Mossbauer spectroscopy ID FE AB (57)Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy, following the implantation of radioactive parent (57)Mn(+) ions, has been performed on two chemical vapour deposited diamond samples, one synthesized in 2003 (CVD03) and the other in 2005 (CVD05). The spectra of sample CVD05 were as observed previously in natural IIa diamonds: single lines corresponding to substitutional and interstitial Fe were superimposed on a broad quadrupole split doublet. The site fraction of Fe(i) reached 30% at 900 K. The spectra of the CVD03 sample showed, in addition to the above features, a strong contribution (>30%) from a quadrupole doublet attributable to the presence of intrinsic amorphous inclusions in the crystallites. This observation has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction. C1 [Bharuth-Ram, K.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, IThemba LABS, ZA-7129 Somerset W, Western Cape, South Africa. [Bharuth-Ram, K.; Naicker, V. V.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Phys, Durban, South Africa. [Naidoo, D.] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, ZA-2050 Wits, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Gunnlaugsson, H. P.; Weyer, G.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Mantovan, R.] INFM, MDM, Lab Nazl, I-20041 Agrate Brianza, MI, Italy. [Dietrich, M.; ISOLDE Collaboration] CERN, Div EP, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Butler, J. E.] USN, Res Labs, Washington, DC USA. RP Bharuth-Ram, K (reprint author), Univ KwaZulu Natal, IThemba LABS, POB 722, ZA-7129 Somerset W, Western Cape, South Africa. EM kbr@tlabs.ac.za RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 FU Danish Natural Science Council; EU HPRI [HPRI-CT-1999-00018]; South African National Research Foundation [2064730] FX This work has been supported by the Danish Natural Science Council, the EU HPRI (Contract number HPRI-CT-1999-00018), and the South African National Research Foundation under grant GUN No. 2064730. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 179 IS 1-3 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s10751-008-9669-x PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 363QC UT WOS:000260280800003 ER PT J AU Moore, MH Ferrante, RF Hudson, RL Stone, JN AF Moore, M. H. Ferrante, R. F. Hudson, R. L. Stone, J. N. TI Ammonia-water ice laboratory studies relevant to outer Solar System surfaces SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE ices; Charon; Trans-Neptunian objects; satellites; surfaces; spectroscopy ID INFRARED-SPECTRA; ION IRRADIATION; PROTON IRRADIATION; CRYSTALLINE WATER; KUIPER-BELT; TRAILING HEMISPHERES; PHASE; SPECTROSCOPY; ENCELADUS; COMETS AB Although water- and ammonia-ices have been observed or postulated as important components of the icy surfaces of planetary satellites ill the outer Solar System, significant gaps exist in our knowledge of the spectra and behavior of such mixtures under astrophysical conditions. To that end, we have completed low-temperature spectroscopic studies (1-20 mu m) of water-ammonia mixtures, with an emphasis on features in the near-IR, a region which is accessible to ground-based observations. The influences of composition, formation temperature, thermal- and radiation-processing, and phase (crystalline or amorphous) of the components were examined. Spectra of both pure NH3 and H2O-NH3 icy mixtures with ratios from 0.7 to 57 were measured at temperatures from 10 to 120 K. Conditions for the formation and thermal stability of the ammonia hernihydrate (2NH(3)center dot H2O) and the ammonia monohydrate (NH3 center dot H2O) have been examined. Band positions of NH3 in different H2O-ices and major band positions of the hydrates were measured. We report spectral shifts that depend on concentration and temperature. The rachation-induced amorphization of the hernihydrate was observed and the radiation destruction of NH3 in H2O-ices was measured. Implications of these results for the formation, stability, and detection of ammonia on outer satellite surfaces are discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Eckerd Coll, Dept Chem, St Petersburg, FL 33733 USA. RP Moore, MH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Branch, Code 691, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM marla.h.moore@nasa.gov RI Hudson, Reggie/E-2335-2012 NR 48 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD SEP PY 2007 VL 190 IS 1 BP 260 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.02.020 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 204EB UT WOS:000249025300019 ER PT J AU Levush, B Abe, DK Calame, JP Danly, BG Nguyen, KT Dutkowski, EJ Abrams, RH Parker, RK AF Levush, Baruch Abe, David K. Calame, Jeffrey P. Danly, Bruce G. Nguyen, Khanh T. Dutkowski, E. Joseph Abrams, Richard H., Jr. Parker, Robert K. TI Vacuum electronics: Status and trends SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-BEAM KLYSTRON; HIGH-AVERAGE POWER; S-BAND; AMPLIFIER; DESIGN; DEVICES; GUN AB The vast preponderance of US radar transmitters today use vacuum electronic amplifiers, spanning the spectrum from UHF to EHF. Enhancements to performance, reliability, and cost of ownership are being applied continuously to these systems: routine in-service life extensions mandate continuing vacuum electronics research and development to support system needs for the foreseeable future. In addition, exciting advances in vacuum electronics will provide dramatic improvements in millimeter-wave radar resolution, broadband low-noise power at microwave frequencies, compact high power sources operating at lower voltages, and life-cycle cost improvement. Recent progress in key enabling technologies, e.g., advanced device modeling and micro-fabrication, is expected to continue. This reviews the status and trends of vacuum electronics, with selected applications emphasizing recent advances in device performance in the microwave regime: multiple-beam klystrons (MBKs), Microwave Power Modules (MPMs), and gyro-amplifiers in the millimeter-wave regime. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane, IN 47522 USA. SAIC, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Levush, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6840,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 IS 9 BP 28 EP 34 DI 10.1109/MAES.2007.4350256 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 223LC UT WOS:000250370700007 ER PT J AU Echard, R Chang, SC AF Echard, Rich Chang, Shih-Chun TI Geometric interpretation and design strategy for pi-rotation LDPC codes SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE lattice; LDPC codes; Manhattan Metric ID PARITY CHECK CODES AB In this Letter we present a geometric interpretation of the pi-rotation LDPC codes. Following this interpretation we develop efficient design strategies to search for the minimum d(2) distance and the short loop count of a given code. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Echard, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rechard@gmu.edu; schang@gmu.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1089-7798 J9 IEEE COMMUN LETT JI IEEE Commun. Lett. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 11 IS 9 BP 750 EP 752 DI 10.1109/LCOMM.2007.070734 PG 3 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 212JL UT WOS:000249592500016 ER PT J AU Schermer, RT Cole, JH AF Schermer, Ross T. Cole, James H. TI Improved bend loss formula verified for optical fiber by simulation and experiment SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE dielectric waveguides; laser amplifiers; optical fiber amplifiers; optical fiber lasers; optical waveguide theory; waveguide bends ID BEAM-PROPAGATION METHOD; SINGLE-MODE FIBERS; SLAB WAVE-GUIDES; FIELD DEFORMATION; CURVATURE LOSS; INDEX; WAVEGUIDES AB This paper presents an improved curvature loss formula for optical waveguides, which is shown to accurately predict the bend loss of both single-mode and multimode fibers. The formula expands upon a previous formula derived by Marcuse, greatly improving its accuracy for the case of multimode fiber. Also presented are the results of bent fiber simulations using the beam propagation method (BPM), and experimental measurements of bend loss. Agreement among simulation, formula and measurement support the validity of both theoretical methods. BPM simulations showed that the lowest order modes of the bent fiber were reduced to their linearly polarized constituents prior to the onset of significant bend loss. This implies that certain LP mode orientations should propagate with much lower loss than previously expected, and should impact the mode stripping ability of bent large mode area fibers, as employed in fiber lasers and amplifiers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schermer, RT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM schermer@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; jim.cole@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 108 Z9 114 U1 2 U2 27 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 43 IS 9-10 BP 899 EP 909 DI 10.1109/JQE.2007.903364 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 219PN UT WOS:000250097200022 ER PT J AU Huang, JYT Xu, DR Mawst, LJ Kuech, TF Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Huang, Juno Yu-Ting Xu, D. R. Mawst, L. J. Kuech, Thomas F. Vurgaftman, Igor Meyer, Jerry R. TI GaAsSbN-GaAsSb-InP type-II "W" quantum wells for mid-IR emission SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE 10-band k center dot p Hamiltonian; effective mass; GaAsSb; GaAsSbN; InP; mid-infrared (IR); semiconductor lasers; type-II ID ELECTRON EFFECTIVE-MASS; BAND PARAMETERS; LASERS; ALLOYS; WAVELENGTH; SEMICONDUCTORS; SUPERLATTICE; OPERATION; DIODE AB A GaAsSbN-GaAsSb-InP type-II "W" quantum well (QW) structure is proposed for achieving emission in the mid-infrared (IR) wavelength region. Simulation studies based on the band anticrossing model and a 10-band k center dot p Hamiltonian demonstrate that emission wavelengths as long as 3 mu m could be achieved on an InP substrate, limited primarily by strain relaxation con- siderations. The incorporation of nitrogen into GaAsSb grown on InP leads to band-gap narrowing and a deepening of the conduction band offset. The energy band structure, interband emission wavelengths, and optical matrix elements are evaluated for a GaAsSbN-GaAsSb-InP SL structure design. A structure design utilizing the lowest Sb content for the GaAsSbN electron wells and the highest Sb content for the GaAsSb hole wells, within strain limitations, provides the longest wavelength emission. The electron and hole effective masses of bulk GaAsSbN are extracted from the computed energy band structure As a function of Sb and N composition. The electron effective mass of GaAsSbN is found to remain nearly constant with N for low N-composition alloys. The heavy- and light-hole effective masses decrease slightly with increasing N composition. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huang, JYT (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1415 Johnson Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM yuting@cae.wisc.edu; xdapeng@wisc.edu; mawst@engr.wisc.edu; kuech@e.ngr.wisc.edu; igor.vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil; jerry.meyer@nrl.navy.mil NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1065 EP 1073 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2007.902831 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 223ME UT WOS:000250373800004 ER PT J AU Bachmann, ER Yun, XP Brumfield, A AF Bachmann, Eric R. Yun, Xiaoping Brumfield, Anne TI Limitations of attitude estimation algorithms for inertial/Magnetic sensor modules SO IEEE ROBOTICS & AUTOMATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE motion measurement; inertial sensors; orientation estimation; magnetic fields; accelerometers; magnetometers; optical tracking. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Syst Anal, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch Monterey, Monterey, CA USA. RP Bachmann, ER (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Syst Anal, Kreger 217D, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM bachmaer@niuohio.edu NR 23 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1070-9932 EI 1558-223X J9 IEEE ROBOT AUTOM MAG JI IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 14 IS 3 BP 76 EP 87 DI 10.1109/M-RA.2007.901320 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA 217PF UT WOS:000249959100011 ER PT J AU Dingledine, R Mathewson, N Syverson, P AF Dingledine, Roger Mathewson, Nick Syverson, Paul TI Deploying low-latency anonymity - Design challenges and social factors SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Article C1 US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM arma@torproject.org; nickm@torproject.org; syverson@itd.nrl.novy.mil NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 EI 1558-4046 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 5 IS 5 BP 83 EP 87 DI 10.1109/MSP.2007.108 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 217JT UT WOS:000249944900018 ER PT J AU Luke, BL Pace, PE AF Luke, Brian L. Pace, Phillip E. TI RSNS-to-binary conversion SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS LA English DT Article DE circuit theory; converters; data conversion; digital signal processing; robust symmetrical number systems (RSNSs); symmetry ID SYMMETRICAL NUMBER SYSTEM; PREPROCESSING ARCHITECTURE AB The robust symmetrical number system (RSNS) is a symmetrical number system formed such that only one element in each RSNS vector changes between code transitions. This integer Gray-code property makes the RSNS useful in analog-to-digital converters (ADC), direction finding antenna architectures and electro-optical ADCs since it eliminates any encoding errors that can occur when the input signal lies about any code transition point. One of the fundamental difficulties in a hardware application of the RSNS, such as an ADC, is the conversion of the RSNS residue vectors into a more convenient representation such as a binary number. By exploiting the one-to-one correspondence between the RSNS and the residue number system, an efficient process for conversion of the symmetrical residues is formed. The conversion process presented in this paper produces a hardware implementation that is at least an order of magnitude smaller in terms of transistor count than read-only-memory conversion methods, and is easily pipelined to achieve fast conversion speeds. C1 Navy Informat Operat Command, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. Naval Postgraduate Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pace, PE (reprint author), Navy Informat Operat Command, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM pepace@nps.edu NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1549-8328 J9 IEEE T CIRCUITS-I JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I-Regul. Pap. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 54 IS 9 BP 2030 EP 2043 DI 10.1109/TCSI.2007.904683 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 214IJ UT WOS:000249730800016 ER PT J AU Cuzner, RM Nowak, DJ Bendre, A Oriti, G Julian, AL AF Cuzner, Robert M. Nowak, Daniel J. Bendre, Ashish Oriti, Giovanna Julian, Alexander L. TI Mitigating circulating common-mode currents between parallel soft-switched drive systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE component; drive system modeling; electromagnetic interference (EMI); paralleling power converters; softswitched power converters ID POWER CONVERTERS; INVERTERS; VOLTAGE AB A mathematical model that is developed for a generalized drive system, including common-mode passive and active elements, is used to explore the issues of paralleling. soft-switched resonant dc-link drive systems. Differences between the modulation pattern for each drive system cause common voltage disturbances, which lead to significant circulating currents between the drive systems. Control methods for actively compensating for common-mode circulating currents or reducing the common-mode voltage disturbances are investigated. Practical modifications to the drive system controls are implemented to reduce the circulating currents between paralleled systems. C1 DRS Power & Control Technol, Milwaukee, WI 53216 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cuzner, RM (reprint author), DRS Power & Control Technol, Milwaukee, WI 53216 USA. EM robcuzner@ieee.org; danieljnowak@drs-pct.com; ashishrbendre@drs-pct.com; giovanna.oriti@ieee.org; alexanderjulian@ieee.org NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1284 EP 1294 DI 10.1109/TIA.2007.904415 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 214YH UT WOS:000249773800019 ER PT J AU Julian, AL Oriti, G AF Julian, Alexander L. Oriti, Giovanna TI A comparison of redundant inverter topologies to improve voltage source inverter reliability SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 08-12, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE mean time between failure (MTBF); redundancy; reliability; voltage-source inverter (VSI) AB For applications sensitive to reliability, typical voltage-source inverters (VSIs) cannot always meet the reliability requirements. In these cases, some method of redundancy is used to improve system reliability. This paper compares the reliability of two redundant VSI circuit topologies to a typical VSI circuit. The redundant circuits function normally after the failure (open or short) of any single component, including the controller, current and voltage sensors, capacitors, insulated gate bipolar transistors, and power diodes. The parts count method of reliability comparison that is described in MIL-HDBK-217F is used to compare the reliability functions for the three circuit topologies. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93955 USA. RP Julian, AL (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93955 USA. EM ajulian@nps.edu; giovanna.oriti@ieee.org NR 9 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1371 EP 1378 DI 10.1109/TIA.2007.904436 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 214YH UT WOS:000249773800027 ER PT J AU Devgan, PS Urick, VJ McKinney, JD Williams, KJ AF Devgan, Preetpaul S. Urick, Vincent J. McKinney, Jason D. Williams, Keith J. TI Cascaded noise penalty for amplified long-haul analog fiber-optic links SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE analog photonics; intensity modulation direct detection; microwave photonics; noise penalty (NP) of erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) ID PERFORMANCE AB The noise penalty (NP) metric is useful in long-haul analog link design, as it predicts degradation of the RF noise figure (NF), 1-dB compression dynamic range (CDR), and the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) for a single-amplifier link. We extend the NP theory to predict the cascaded NP of a multiamplifier fiber-optic link from the NP due to each of the individual amplifiers. A cascaded NP expression is derived and compared to experimental results from a 60-km link consisting of three amplifiers. The measured NP of 11.8 dB for the link matches well with our theoretical prediction. The link gain of - 7 dB, RF NF of 31 dB, I -dB CDR of 148 dB - Hz, and of 108 dB - Hz(2/3) are also measured and matched to predicted values for the measured NP. C1 SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Devgan, PS (reprint author), SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM pdevgan@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 55 IS 9 BP 1973 EP 1977 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2007.904057 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 206WI UT WOS:000249213200020 ER PT J AU Urick, VJ Bucholtz, F Devgan, PS McKinney, JD Williams, KJ AF Urick, Vincent J. Bucholtz, Frank Devgan, Preetpaul S. McKinney, Jason D. Williams, Keith J. TI Phase modulation with interferometric detection as an alternative to intensity modulation with direct detection for analog-photonic links SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE analog photonics; intensity modulation direct detection; microwave photonics; phase modulation ID FIBEROPTIC LINKS; DYNAMIC-RANGE; PERFORMANCE; NOISE; DEMODULATION AB We analyze the performance of analog-photonic links employing phase modulation with interferometric demodulation and compare it to intensity-modulation direct-detection links. We derive expressions for RF gain, RF noise figure, compression dynamic range, and spurious-free dynamic range for both architectures. We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that phase-modulated links can outperform intensity-modulated links over substantial frequency ranges. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Urick, VJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurick@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 6 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 55 IS 9 BP 1978 EP 1985 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2007.904087 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 206WI UT WOS:000249213200021 ER PT J AU Fishkind, DE Priebe, CE Giles, KE Smith, LN Aksakalli, V AF Fishkind, Donniell E. Priebe, Carey E. Giles, Kendall E. Smith, Leslie N. Aksakalli, Vural TI Disambiguation protocols based on risk simulation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS LA English DT Article DE canadian traveller problem; disambiguation protocol; probabilistic path planning; random disambiguation path; visibility graph ID MINEFIELD DETECTION; ROBOT NAVIGATION; SHORTEST PATHS; TERRAINS; RECOURSE; MINES AB Suppose there is a need to swiftly navigate through a spatial arrangement of possibly forbidden regions, with each region marked with the probability that it is, indeed, forbidden. In close proximity to any of these regions, you have the dynamic capability of disambiguating the region and learning for certain whether or not the region is forbidden-only in the latter case may you proceed through that region. The central issue is how to most effectively exploit this disambiguation capability to minimize the expected length of the traversal. Regions are never entered while they are possibly forbidden, and thus, no risk is ever actually incurred. Nonetheless, for the sole purpose of deciding where to disambiguate, it may be advantageous to simulate risk, temporarily pretending that possibly forbidden regions are riskily traversable, and each potential traversal is weighted with its level of undesirability, which is a function of its traversal length and traversal risk. In this paper, the simulated risk disambiguation protocol is introduced, which has you follow along a shortest traversal-in this undesirability sense-until an ambiguous region is about to be entered; at that location, a disambiguation is performed on this ambiguous region. (The process is then repeated from the current location, until the destination is reached.) We introduce the tangent arc graph as a means of simplifying the implementation of simulated risk disambiguation protocols, and we show how to efficiently implement the simulated risk disambiguation protocols that are based on linear undesirability functions. The effectiveness of these disambiguation protocols is illustrated with examples, including an example that involves mine countermeasures path planning. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Whiting Sch Engn, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fishkind, DE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Whiting Sch Engn, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM fishkind@ams.jhu.edu; cep@jhu.edu; kgiles@cs.jhu.edu; lnsmith@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; ala@jhu.edu RI Priebe, Carey E./A-3305-2010 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1083-4427 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY A JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Paart A-Syst. Hum. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 5 BP 814 EP 823 DI 10.1109/TSMCA.2007.902634 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 204DX UT WOS:000249024900019 ER PT J AU Simonotto, JD Furman, MD Spano, ML Beaver, TM AF Simonotto, Jennifer D. Furman, Michael D. Spano, Mark L. Beaver, Thomas M. TI Dynamic transmurality: Cardiac optical mapping reveals waves travel across transmural ablation lines SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS LA English DT Article DE Lagendorff preparation; voltage-sensitive dye; radio-frequency ablation; atrial arrhythmia; porcine cardiac model ID VOLTAGE-SENSITIVE DYES; ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION; RISK AB Cardiac ablation is increasingly used to interdict the complex propagation of excitatory waves during atrial fibrillation. While such procedures are useful, they can often fail. Here we use fluorescence imaging to observe the electrical activity of an ablated porcine heart. We find that, while ablation lines do attenuate cardiac waves, the attenuation is incomplete. A remnant of the incident wave survives passage through the ablation barrier, albeit as a subthreshold signal. More importantly, we have found that these subthreshold signals may add constructively and thereby dynamically reduce the effective attenuation, an effect which we call "dynamic transmurality". We suspect this as a factor in the persistence of arrhythmia after ablative procedures. C1 [Simonotto, Jennifer D.] Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Comp Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Furman, Michael D.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Spano, Mark L.] NSWC, Carderock Lab, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Beaver, Thomas M.] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Div Thorac & Cardiovasc Surg, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Simonotto, JD (reprint author), Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Comp Sci, Claremont Tower, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. RI Spano, Mark/B-6883-2011; Simonotto, Jennifer/A-4788-2010; OI Simonotto, Jennifer/0000-0002-0622-6989; Ditto, William/0000-0002-7416-8012 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1274 J9 INT J BIFURCAT CHAOS JI Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos PD SEP PY 2007 VL 17 IS 9 BP 3229 EP 3234 DI 10.1142/S0218127407018981 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 264KD UT WOS:000253285300017 ER PT J AU Bache, M Holtz, R Nicholas, T AF Bache, Martin Holtz, Ronald Nicholas, Ted TI Fatigue damage of structural materials. VI. Preface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Coll Swansea, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bache, M (reprint author), Univ Coll Swansea, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. EM m.bache@swansea.ac.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD SEP-NOV PY 2007 VL 29 IS 9-11 BP 1581 EP 1581 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2007.04.001 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 215YO UT WOS:000249845100001 ER PT J AU Croft, MC Jisrawi, NM Zhong, Z Holtz, RL Sadananda, K Skaritka, JR Tsakalakos, T AF Croft, Mark C. Jisrawi, Naieh M. Zhong, Zhong Holtz, Ronald L. Sadananda, Kuntimaddi Skaritka, John R. Tsakalakos, Thomas TI Fatigue history and in-situ loading studies of the overload effect using high resolution X-ray strain profiling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Fatique Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 17-22, 2006 CL Hyannis, MA SP Off Naval Res Headquarters, USA Res Lab, Off Naval Res Global DE fatigue; strain; X-ray; synchrotron; overload ID CRACK GROWTH AB High-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments are used to perform local crack plane strain profiling of 4140 steel compact tension specimens fatigued at constant amplitude, subjected to a single overload cycle, then fatigued some more at constant amplitude. X-ray strain profiling results on a series of samples employing in-situ load cycling are correlated with the crack growth rate (da/dN) providing insight into the da/dN retardation known as the "overload effect". Immediately after the overload, the strain under maximum load is greatly reduced but the range of strain, between zero and maximum load, remains unchanged compared to the pre-overload values. At the point of maximum retardation, it is the strain range that is greatly reduced while the maximum-load strain has begun to recover to the pre-overload value. For a sample that has recovered to approximately half of the original da/dN value following the overload, the strain at maximum load is fully recovered while the strain range, though partially recovered, is still substantially reduced. The dominance of the strain range in the overload effect is clearly indicated. Subject to some assumptions, strong quantitative support for a crack growth rate driving force of the suggested form [(K-max)(1-p)(Delta K)(p)](gamma) is found. A dramatic nonlinear load dependence in the spatial distribution of the strain at maximum retardation is also demonstrated: at low load the response is dominantly at the overload position; whereas at high loads it is dominantly at the crack tip position. This transfer of load response away from the crack tip to the overload position appears fundamental to the overload effect for high R-ratio fatigue as studied here. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ceram, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Sharjah, Dept Basic Sci, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tech Data Anal Inc, Falls Church, VA 22046 USA. RP Croft, MC (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM croft@physics.rutgers.edu NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD SEP-NOV PY 2007 VL 29 IS 9-11 BP 1726 EP 1736 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2007.01.016 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 215YO UT WOS:000249845100015 ER PT J AU Vasudevan, AK Sadananda, K AF Vasudevan, A. K. Sadananda, K. TI Transient stress effects on fatigue crack growth thresholds due to testing methodology SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Fatique Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 17-22, 2006 CL Hyannis, MA SP Off Naval Res Headquarters, USA Res Lab, Off Naval Res Global DE unified fatigue damage; Delta K; K-max; steel alloys; load shedding methods; Delta K-th measurements; ASTM standards ID CLOSURE AB it is observed that various testing methodologies used to determine Delta K-th introduce transient stress effects. These effects give the impression that the measured values of Delta K-th are sensitive to the test variables. However, when the same results are collectively plotted as Delta K vs. Delta K-max a single curve results. This is because each test method introduces its own "internal stresses" that affects the individual Delta K-th that pertains to a segment of the total Delta K-K-max curve. The implication is that any test method used to measure threshold will have history effects that cannot be avoided. Attempts can only be made to minimize Such effects. It is important to recognize that threshold is not a single value, but a unique curve represented in a, 2D-space by a Delta K-K-max Plot, that is independent of testing methods. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. TDA Inc, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA. RP Vasudevan, AK (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Code 332,875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM vasudea@onr.navy.mil NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD SEP-NOV PY 2007 VL 29 IS 9-11 BP 1985 EP 1989 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2007.02.023 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 215YO UT WOS:000249845100047 ER PT J AU Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK Phan, N AF Sadananda, K. Vasudevan, A. K. Phan, N. TI Analysis of endurance limits under very high cycle fatigue using a unified damage approach SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Fatique Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 17-22, 2006 CL Hyannis, MA SP Off Naval Res Headquarters, USA Res Lab, Off Naval Res Global DE giga-cycle fatigue; very high cycle fatigue; dual-stage fatigue; the unified approach; crack nucleation; endurance limits; fatigue thresholds; crack nucleation; crack propagation ID CRACK GROWTH; MECHANISMS; NOTCHES; METALS AB A critical evaluation of endurance limits under very high cycle (giga-cycle range) fatigue is presented. The available experimental results are analyzed using the unified damage approach developed earlier by the authors. It is shown that the experimental evidence supports the theory that endurance limits at very high cycle fatigue are related to thresholds for crack propagation of incipient cracks from stress-concentration sites. The crack propagation behavior of the incipient cracks is related to the accumulation of internal stresses that is needed to augment the preexisting stresses. These in turn cause the incipient cracks to initiate at stress concentrations which either grow or arrest depending on the magnitude and gradient of the internal stresses. Micro -deformations at localized stress concentrations, such as inclusions, can further augment the local internal stresses needed for the incipient crack to nucleate and propagate. The presence of trapped hydrogen at inclusions can reduce the resistance to deformation, and hence reduce crack initiation and growth process. Understanding the role of preexisting stress concentrations (such as notches, inclusions, and hard second phases) provides a bridge for understanding the fatigue damage evolution in a smooth specimen compared to that in a cracked specimen. Kitagawa diagram helps provide this necessary bridge. Several critical issues related to fatigue testing method; fracture surface analysis, load history and environment are raised in this paper and briefly discussed in a self-consistent manner based on our unified damage approach. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Data Anal, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Sadananda, K (reprint author), Tech Data Anal, 7600 Leesburg Pike,W Bldg,Siute 204, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA. EM kuntimaddisada@yahoo.com NR 46 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD SEP-NOV PY 2007 VL 29 IS 9-11 BP 2060 EP 2071 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2007.02.028 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 215YO UT WOS:000249845100056 ER PT J AU Eyzaguirre, LM Erasilova, IB Nadai, Y Saad, MD Kovtunenko, NG Gomatos, PJ Zeman, VV Botros, BA Sanchez, JL Birx, DL Earhart, KC Carr, JK AF Eyzaguirre, Lindsay M. Erasilova, Isidora B. Nadai, Yuka Saad, Magdi D. Kovtunenko, Natalya G. Gomatos, Peter J. Zeman, Victoria V. Botros, Botdos A. Sanchez, Jose L. Birx, Deborah L. Earhart, Kenneth C. Carr, Jean K. TI Genetic characterization of HIM strains circulating in Kazakhstan SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE former Soviet Union; genetic diversity; HIV-1 molecular epidemiology; injecting drug users ID INJECTING DRUG-USERS; TYPE-1 SUBTYPE-A; DIVERSITY; EPIDEMIC; OUTBREAK; GENOMES; HIV-1 AB To determine the HIV-1 genetic diversity in Kazakhstan, 85 blood samples from HIV-seropositive donors were collected between 2001 and 2003. The study population consisted of 91.8% injecting drug users (IDUs); the remainder was infected sexually or iatrogenically A genomic region that included part of the polymerase gene was sequenced for all 85 samples, and from these, 6 samples were randomly selected for nearly full genome sequencing. Subtype A was the most common genetic form (94.1%), followed by CRF02_AG (4.7%) and subtype C (1.2%). All subtype A sequences clustered closely with samples from countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU). From these sequences, 47 (58.8%) presented the secondary protease inhibitor mutation V77I that has been linked to a genetic lineage in the FSU epidemic. In addition, most had the other 2 mutations that characterize the "V77I haplotype." All 6 nearly full-length sequences were subtype A and clustered with other FSU strains. The CRF02_AG strains from this population clustered with strains from Uzbekistan, reflecting the spread of the CRF02_AG epidemic in Central Asia. The HIV epidemic in Kazakhstan is predominantly in IDUs and is indigenous to the geographic region, and most of the strains are genetically similar to those circulating in the FSU and other parts of Central Asia. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Human Virol, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. Natl AIDS Prevent Ctr, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. RP Carr, JK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Human Virol, Dept Epidemiol, 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM carrj@umbi.umd.edu RI Saad, Magdi/H-5561-2013 OI Saad, Magdi/0000-0003-2111-8115 NR 18 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 1 BP 19 EP 23 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 206RZ UT WOS:000249201900003 PM 17514018 ER PT J AU Rogers, DF AF Rogers, David F. TI Comparative flight tests with and without tip tanks SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB Comparative level flight performance tests were conducted on a typical light general aviation single engine retractable aircraft with and without tip tanks. True airspeed was determined using the global positioning system based horseshoe heading technique. The addition of tip tanks resulted in an increase in the equivalent parasite drag area of one-third as well as an increase in the Oswald efficiency factor. As expected, tip tanks increase the horsepower required at high speeds and decrease the horsepower required at low speeds for the same aircraft speed. At the crossover point of 157 kt true airspeed and 62 % brake horsepower the effect of tip tanks is neutral. The crossover point closely corresponds with typical cruise operating conditions and altitudes as well as Carson cruise conditions for this aircraft. The results are expected to be typical for similar aircraft. A flight test data reduction and analysis technique based on true airspeed rather than calibrated airspeed is detailed. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Rogers, DF (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM dfr@usna.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1740 EP 1744 DI 10.2514/1.30698 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 223IK UT WOS:000250363300032 ER PT J AU Porter, JN Clarke, A Reid, JS Shaw, G Maring, H Reid, EA Kress, D AF Porter, John N. Clarke, Antony Reid, Jeffrey S. Shaw, Glen Maring, Hal Reid, Elizabeth A. Kress, David TI Handheld sun photometer measurements from light aircraft SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL OPTICAL-THICKNESS; SATELLITE; INSTRUMENT; RADIOMETER; ATLANTIC; DEPTH; MODEL; PLUME AB Handheld sun photometers are typically used to make aerosol optical depth measurements while on the ground. Various investigators, in unrelated efforts, have used handheld sun photometers to make aerosol optical depth measurements from light aircraft, but the strengths and weakness of this approach have not been characterized until now. While the ease and relatively low cost of an aircraft manual sun photometer are attractive, determining if the sun photometer was correctly pointed at the sun for each measurement is the biggest challenge. This problem can be partially addressed by collecting a large number of measurements at each altitude, then manually removing the largest optical depths ( misalignment always results in erroneous larger values). Examples of past aircraft manual sun photometer measurements are demonstrating that it is possible to obtain quantitative measurements if sufficient sun photometer measurements are made at each elevation. In order to improve on manual sun photometer measurements, a small webcam was attached to the side of a Microtops sun photometer, and the Microtops sun photometer was triggered by computer control. By detecting the position of the sun in the webcam image, it is possible to determine whether the sun photometer was pointed at the sun correctly when the aerosol optical depth measurement was made. Unfortunately, it was found that the Microtops sun photometer takes similar to 1.1 s to scan over the five wavelength channels. This 1.1-s delay proved to be too long, preventing the proposed approach from working as the aircraft was bouncing around. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Island Air, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Porter, JN (reprint author), 2525 Correa Rd,HIG Room 313, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM johnport@hawaii.edu RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1588 EP 1597 DI 10.1175/JTECH2087.1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 215MB UT WOS:000249811500005 ER PT J AU Dew, N Sarasvathy, SD AF Dew, Nicholas Sarasvathy, Saras D. TI Innovations, stakeholders & entrepreneurship SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS LA English DT Article DE effectuation; entrepreneurship; innovation; stakeholder ID ETHICS; UNCERTAINTY; BEHAVIOR; MARKET AB In modern societies entrepreneurship and innovation are widely seen as key sources of economic growth and welfare increases. Yet entrepreneurial innovation has also meant losses and hardships for some members of society: it is destructive of some stakeholders' wellbeing even as it creates new wellbeing among other stakeholders. Both the positive benefits and negative externalities of innovation are problematic because entrepreneurs initiate new ventures before their private profitability and/or social costs can be fully recognized. In this paper we consider three analytical frameworks within which these issues might be examined: pre-commitments, contractarianism, and an entrepreneurial framework. We conclude that the intersection of stakeholder theory and entrepreneurial innovation is a potentially rich arena for research. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Virginia, Darden Grad Sch Business Adm, Charlottesville, VA 22906 USA. RP Dew, N (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 1 Univ Circle,1 Dyer Pl, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ndew@nps.edu; sarasvathys@darden.virginia.edu NR 58 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4544 J9 J BUS ETHICS JI J. Bus. Ethics PD SEP PY 2007 VL 74 IS 3 BP 267 EP 283 DI 10.1007/s10551-006-9234-y PG 17 WC Business; Ethics SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 201EN UT WOS:000248814400005 ER PT J AU Paoli, L Rabkov, I Greenfield, VA Reuter, P AF Paoli, Letizia Rabkov, Irina Greenfield, Victoria A. Reuter, Peter TI Tajikistan: The rise of a narco-state SO JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES LA English DT Article AB Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Tajikistan has experienced an extraordinary and devastating expansion of opiate trafficking and consumption. While heroin was virtually unknown in the country up to the mid-1990s and opium was produced and consumed locally only to a modest degree, in less than a decade Tajikistan has become a key transit country for Afghan opiates bound north- and westwards, at the same time as it has witnessed a rapid growth of domestic heroin use. Tajikistan now rivals Afghanistan for the unenviable title of the country most dependent on the illicit drug industry, with the opiate industry adding at least 30% to the recorded gross domestic product. The opiate trade is so important economically that it corrupts the whole political system. This article therefore argues that since the mid-1990s Tajikistan has become a narco-state, in which leaders of the most powerful trafficking groups occupy high-ranking government positions and misuse state structures for their own illicit businesses. C1 [Paoli, Letizia] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Louvain, Belgium. [Rabkov, Irina] Max Planck Inst Foreign & Int Criminal Law, Dept Criminol, Freiburg, Germany. [Greenfield, Victoria A.] USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Reuter, Peter] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Reuter, Peter] RAND Corp, Ctr Policy Res, Santa Monica, CA 90406 USA. RP Paoli, L (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Louvain, Belgium. NR 71 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU J DRUG ISSUES INC PI TALLAHASSEE PA FLORIDA STATE UNIV, SCHOOL CRIMINOLOGY CRIMINAL JUSTICE, PO BOX 66696, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32313-6696 USA SN 0022-0426 J9 J DRUG ISSUES JI J. Drug Issues PD FAL PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4 BP 951 EP + PG 30 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 241KU UT WOS:000251656100011 ER PT J AU Lonascu, EJ Luca, F Stanica, P AF Lonascu, Eugen J. Luca, Florian Stanica, Pantelimon TI Heron triangles with two fixed sides SO JOURNAL OF NUMBER THEORY LA English DT Article AB In this paper, we study the function H (a, b), which associates to every pair of positive integers a and b the number of positive integers c such that the triangle of sides a, b and c is Heron, i.e., it has integral area. In particular, we prove that H(p, q) <= 5 if p and q are primes, and that H(a, b) = 0 for a random choice of positive integers a and b. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math Appl, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Matemat, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. Columbus State Univ, Columbus, GA 31907 USA. RP Stanica, P (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math Appl, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ionascu_eugen@colstate.edu; fluca@matmor.unam.mx; pstanica@nps.edu RI Stanica, Pante/D-4017-2009 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-314X J9 J NUMBER THEORY JI J. Number Theory PD SEP PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1 BP 52 EP 67 DI 10.1016/jnt.2006.12.004 PG 16 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 208JC UT WOS:000249314600002 ER PT J AU Teague, WJ Jarosz, E Wang, DW Mitchell, DA AF Teague, W. J. Jarosz, E. Wang, D. W. Mitchell, D. A. TI Observed oceanic response over the upper continental slope and outer shelf during Hurricane Ivan SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SHALLOW-WATER CURRENTS; BOUNDARY-LAYER MODEL; INTERNAL WAVES; ATLANTIC BIGHT; DEEP CURRENTS; MOVING STORM; ANDREW; WAKE; PROPAGATION AB Hurricane Ivan passed directly over an array of 14 acoustic Doppler current profilers deployed along the outer continental shelf and upper slope in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Currents in excess of 200 cm s(-1) were generated during this hurricane. Shelf currents followed Ekman dynamics with overlapping surface and bottom layers during Ivan's approach and transitioned to a dominant surface boundary layer as the wind stress peaked. Slope currents at the onset of Ivan were wind driven near the surface, but deeper in the water column they were dominated during and after the passage of Ivan by subinertial waves with a period of 2-5 days that had several characteristics of topographic Rossby waves. Currents on the slope at 50 m and greater depths commonly exceeded 50 cm s(-1). Surprisingly, the strongest currents were present to the left of the storm track on the shelf while more energetic currents were to the right of the hurricane path on the slope during the forced stage. Near-inertial motion lasting for a time period of about 10 days was excited by the storm on the shelf and slope. Record wave heights were measured near the eyewall of Hurricane Ivan and were shown not to be rogue waves. The large surface waves and strong near-bottom currents caused significant bottom scour on the outer shelf at water depths as deep as 90 m. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Teague, WJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM teague@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 51 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 9 BP 2181 EP 2206 DI 10.1175/JPO3115.1 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 213BR UT WOS:000249641400001 ER PT J AU Eberle, CJ AF Eberle, Christopher J. TI God, war, and conscience SO JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS ETHICS LA English DT Article DE religion and politics; selective conscientious objection; just war tradition; religion and the military; doctrine of restraint AB Many military officers believe that they morally ought to obey legal orders to fight even in unjust wars: they have a moral obligation to exercise indiscriminate obedience to legal orders to fight. I argue that officers should not be required to exercise indiscriminate obedience: certain theistic commitments to which many citizens and officers adhere prohibit indiscriminate obedience to legal orders to fight. This theistic argument constitutes adequate reason not to require officers to exercise indiscriminate obedience. However, this raises a further question: namely, whether it is appropriate to rely on such a theistic argument when shaping the moral requirements of military officership. I argue that citizens and officers have good reason to make public decisions solely on religious grounds and so are free to follow my theistic argument when shaping the requirements of military officership. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Eberle, CJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0384-9694 J9 J RELIG ETHICS JI J. Relig. Ethics PD SEP PY 2007 VL 35 IS 3 BP 479 EP 507 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9795.2007.00316.x PG 29 WC Religion SC Religion GA 206KD UT WOS:000249181400005 ER PT J AU Needham, DM Jones, SA AF Needham, D. M. Jones, S. A. TI A software fault tree key node metric SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE safety-critical software; software fault trees; software metrics; software product lines ID COMPUTER-SYSTEMS; SAFETY AB Analysis of software fault trees exposes failure events that can impact safety within safety-critical software product lines. This paper presents a software fault tree key node safety metric for measuring software safety within product lines. Fault tree structures impacting the metric's composition are provided, and the mathematical basis for the metric is defined. The metric is applied to an embedded control system as well as to a series of experiments expected to either improve or degrade system safety. The effectiveness of the metric is analyzed, and lessons learned during the application of the metric are discussed. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Needham, DM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM needham@usna.edu; seanjones@acm.org NR 32 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0164-1212 J9 J SYST SOFTWARE JI J. Syst. Softw. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 80 IS 9 BP 1530 EP 1540 DI 10.1016/j.jss.2007.01.042 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 210RB UT WOS:000249472200011 ER PT J AU Cai, LW Dacol, DK Calvo, DC Orris, GJ AF Cai, Liang-Wu Dacol, Dalcio K. Calvo, David C. Orris, Gregory J. TI Acoustical scattering by arrays of cylinders in waveguides SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED BESSEL-FUNCTION; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; 3RD KIND; WAVEGUIDE; POST AB Multiple scattering of acoustic waves in a planar horizontal waveguide by finite-length cylinders is considered. Cylinder height equals the waveguide depth, and both are vertically constrained by the pressure-release boundaries. An analytically exact solution is obtained via normal mode expansion method in conjunction with the concept of the T matrix. The problem is decomposed into an infinite number of two-dimensional multiple scattering problems, modulated by waveguide mode shapes. Examples are presented for an isovelocity waveguide in which the medium is uniform and the waveguide depth is constant. It is found that, in numerical computations, including one or two evanescent modes captures the essence of the evanescent modes. Multiple scattering in the waveguide is compared with the corresponding two-dimensional case. It is concluded that, in low frequencies, the wave patterns in the two cases are very similar, with a shift in the frequency. The similarity diminishes when there are multiple propagating modes. Despite the mode mixing, some key features in the scattering as observed in the two-dimensional problem remain observable in the waveguide case. (c) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cai, LW (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM cai@ksu.edu NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 122 IS 3 BP 1340 EP 1351 DI 10.1121/1.2747207 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 208LV UT WOS:000249321700005 PM 17927397 ER PT J AU Pettit, CL Wilson, DK AF Pettit, Chris L. Wilson, D. Keith TI Proper orthogonal decomposition and cluster weighted modeling for sensitivity analysis of sound propagation in the atmospheric surface layer SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID UNCERTAINTY; TUTORIAL AB Outdoor sound propagation predictions are compromised by uncertainty and error in the atmosphere and terrain representations, and sometimes also by simplified or incorrect physics. A model's predictive power, i.e., its accurate representation of the sound propagation, cannot be assessed without first quantifying the ensemble sound pressure variability and sensitivity to uncertainties in the model's governing parameters. This paper describes fundamental steps toward this goal for a single-frequency point source. The atmospheric surface layer is represented through Monin-Obukhov similarity theory and the acoustic ground properties with a relaxation model. Sound propagation is predicted with the parabolic equation method. Governing parameters are modeled as independent random variables across physically reasonable ranges. Latin hypercube sampling and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) are employed in conjunction with cluster-weighted models to develop compact representations of the sound pressure random field. Full-field sensitivity of the sound pressure field is computed via the sensitivities of the POD mode coefficients to the system parameters. Ensemble statistics of the full-field sensitivities are computed to illustrate their relative importance at every down range location. The central role of sensitivity analysis in uncertainty quantification of outdoor sound propagation is discussed and pitfalls of sampling-based sensitivity analysis for outdoor sound propagation are described. C1 USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Pettit, CL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, 590 Holloway Rd,MS 11-B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM pettitcl@us.na.edu RI Pettit, Chris/A-1073-2010; Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 122 IS 3 BP 1374 EP 1390 DI 10.1121/1.2756176 PG 17 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 208LV UT WOS:000249321700008 PM 17927400 ER PT J AU Zampolli, M Tesei, A Jensen, FB Malm, N Blottman, JB AF Zampolli, Mario Tesei, Alessandra Jensen, Finn B. Malm, Nils Blottman, John B., III TI A computationally efficient finite element model with perfectly matched layers applied to scattering from axially symmetric objects SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; EVANESCENT WAVES; SPHERICAL-SHELL; LAMB WAVE; EQUATIONS; ABSORPTION; MEDIA AB A frequency-domain finite-element (FE) technique for computing the radiation and scattering from axially symmetric fluid-loaded structures subject to a nonsymmetric forcing field is presented. The Berenger perfectly matched layer (PML), applied directly at the fluid-structure interface, makes it possible to emulate the Sommerfeld radiation condition using FE meshes of minimal size. For those cases where the acoustic field is computed over a band of frequencies, the meshing process is simplified by the use of a wavelength-dependent rescaling of the PML coordinates. Quantitative geometry discretization guidelines are obtained from a priori estimates of small-scale structural wavelengths, which dominate the acoustic field at low to mid frequencies. One particularly useful feature of the PML is that it can be applied across the interface between different fluids. This makes it possible to use the present tool to solve problems where the radiating or scattering objects are located inside a layered fluid medium. The proposed technique is verified by comparison with analytical solutions and with validated numerical models. The solutions presented show close agreement for a set of test problems ranging from scattering to underwater propagation. (c) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 NATO Undersea Res Ctr, I-19138 La Spezia, Italy. COMSOL AB, SE-11140 Stockholm, Sweden. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Zampolli, M (reprint author), NATO Undersea Res Ctr, Viale San Bartolomeo 400, I-19138 La Spezia, Italy. EM zampolli@nurc.nato.int NR 46 TC 53 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 11 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 122 IS 3 BP 1472 EP 1485 DI 10.1121/1.2764471 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 208LV UT WOS:000249321700016 PM 17927408 ER PT J AU Hayward, TJ Yang, TC AF Hayward, Thomas J. Yang, T. C. TI Single- and multi-channel underwater acoustic communication channel capacity: A computational study SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT High Frequency Ocean Acoustics Conference CY MAR 01-05, 2004 CL La Jolla, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Acoust Soc Amer ID OCEAN AB Acoustic communication channel capacity determines the maximum data rate that can be supported by an acoustic channel for a given source power and source/receiver configuration. In this paper, broadband acoustic propagation modeling is applied to estimate the channel capacity for a time-invariant shallow-water waveguide for a single source-receiver pair and for vertical source and receiver arrays. Without bandwidth constraints, estimated single-input, single-output (SISO) capacities approach 10 megabits/s at 1 km range, but beyond 2 km range they decay at a rate consistent with previous estimates by Peloquin and Leinhos (unpublished, 1997), which were based on a sonar equation calculation. Channel capacities subject to source bandwidth constraints are approximately 30-90% lower than for the unconstrained case, and exhibit a significant wind speed dependence. Channel capacity is investigated for single-input, multi-output (SIMO) and multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) systems, both for finite arrays and in the limit of a dense array spanning the entire water column. The limiting values of the SIMO and MIMO channel capacities for the modeled environment are found to be about four times higher and up to 200-400 times higher, respectively, than for the SISO case. Implications for underwater acoustic communication systems are discussed. (c) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hayward, TJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hayward@wave.nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 122 IS 3 BP 1652 EP 1661 DI 10.1121/1.2749709 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 208LV UT WOS:000249321700033 PM 17927425 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, WC Walker, TW Smith, VL Martin, DE Fritz, BK AF Hoffmann, W. Clint Walker, Todd W. Smith, Vince L. Martin, Dan E. Fritz, Brad K. TI Droplet-size characterization of handheld atomization equipment typically used in vector control SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE atomization; droplet size; sprayer; hand-held sprayer; vector control ID ANOPHELES-QUADRIMACULATUS; EFFICACY; SPRAYS AB The atomization characteristics of 4 handheld sprayers (Leco P-1, Colt ULV Aerosol Generator, ULVAFAN MK2, Turbair ElectraFan 12) and a Stihl SR400 backpack sprayer were evaluated with the use of water- and oil-bascd solutions. The effects on droplet-size spectrum (i.e., droplet size) for 3 insecticides (Tempo SC Ultra((R)), Anvil 10+10((R)), and Aqua-Reslin((R))) were also evaluated. Generic Solutions were used to simulate the physical properties of the active-ingredient solutions in some tests. Significant differences were observed in the droplet spectrum generated by the different sprayers. The Volume median diameter of the equipment tested ranged from 14.9 to 90.5 mu m for the water-based solutions and from 11.7 to 92.4 mu m for the oil-based solutions. The Colt ULV sprayer was the only one tested that complied with label requirements for aerosols, yielding acceptable D-v0.5 values of 14.9-16.0 mu m with water-based Aqua-Reslin and 14.1 mu m with Anvil 10+10. The information presented will allow equipment operators to make an informed decision when selecting equipment and operational parameters. C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USN, Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Hoffmann, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&b Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 315 EP 320 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2007)23[315:DCOHAE]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 212TE UT WOS:000249618900012 PM 17939513 ER PT J AU Tory, KJ Davidson, NE Montgomery, MT AF Tory, K. J. Davidson, N. E. Montgomery, M. T. TI Prediction and diagnosis of tropical cyclone formation in an NWP system. Part III: Diagnosis of developing and nondeveloping storms SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; SEA INTERACTION THEORY; VERTICAL SHEAR; GENESIS; DEPRESSION; MONSOON AB This is the third of a three-part investigation into tropical cyclone (TC) genesis in the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's Tropical Cyclone Limited Area Prediction System (TC-LAPS), an operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecast model. In Parts I and II, a primary and two secondary vortex enhancement mechanisms were illustrated, and shown to be responsible for TC genesis in a simulation of TC Chris. In this paper, five more TC-LAPS simulations are investigated: three developing and two nondeveloping. In each developing simulation the pathway to genesis was essentially the same as that reported in Part II. Potential vorticity (PV) cores developed through low- to middle-tropospheric vortex enhancement in model-resolved updraft cores (primary mechanism) and interacted to form larger cores through diabatic upscale vortex cascade (secondary mechanism). On the system scale, vortex intensification resulted from the large-scale mass redistribution forced by the upward mass flux, driven by diabatic heating, in the updrart cores (secondary mechanism). The nondeveloping cases illustrated that genesis can be hampered by (i) vertical wind shear, which may tilt and tear apart the PV cores as they develop, and (ii) an insufficient large-scale cyclonic environment, which may fail to sufficiently confine the warming and enhanced cyclonic winds, associated with the atmospheric adjustment to the convective updrafts. The exact detail of the vortex interactions was found to be unimportant for qualitative genesis forecast success. Instead the critical ingredients were found to be sufficient net deep convection in a sufficiently cyclonic environment in which vertical shear was less than some destructive limit. The often-observed TC genesis pattern of convection convergence, where the active convective regions converge into a 100-km-diameter center. prior to an intense convective burst and development to tropical storm intensity is evident in the developing TC-LAPS simulations. The simulations presented in this study and numerous other simulations not vet reported on have shown good qualitative forecast success. Assuming such success continues in a more rigorous study (currently under way) it could be argued that TC genesis is largely predictable provided the large-scale environment (vorticity, vertical shear, and convective forcing) is sufficiently resolved and initialized. C1 Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tory, KJ (reprint author), Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, GPO Box 1289, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. EM k.tory@bom.pov.au NR 22 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 64 IS 9 BP 3195 EP 3213 DI 10.1175/JAS4023.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 210KL UT WOS:000249455000011 ER PT J AU Crumbley, DR Perciballi, JA AF Crumbley, David R. Perciballi, John A. TI Negative pressure wound therapy in a contaminated soft-issue wound SO JOURNAL OF WOUND OSTOMY AND CONTINENCE NURSING LA English DT Article ID VACUUM-ASSISTED CLOSURE; EXPERIENCE; FIXATION; FLUID AB Today's high-energy weapons can inflict extensive damage to the human body, causing significant tissue, muscle, and bone loss. Contamination, soft tissue swelling, and massive tissue defects associated with injuries from high-energy weapons frequently require these wounds to heal by secondary intention or delayed primary closure. Successful management of the contaminated soft-tissue injury with significant tissue loss poses challenges for the healthcare provider as well as the patient. The following case study demonstrates use of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) in the treatment of a missile-caused contaminated soft-tissue wound and examines some of the issues and outcomes associated with managing this type of catastrophic wound. C1 USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Crumbley, DR (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Surg Ward 5 E, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM david.r.crumbley@med.navy.mil NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1071-5754 J9 J WOUND OSTOMY CONT JI J. Wound Ostomy Cont. Nurs. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 34 IS 5 BP 507 EP 512 PG 6 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 215YE UT WOS:000249844100011 PM 17876212 ER PT J AU Prestigiacomo, AR Effler, SW O'Donnell, D Hassett, JM Michalenko, EM Lee, ZP Weidemann, A AF Prestigiacomo, Anthony R. Effler, Steven W. O'Donnell, David Hassett, James M. Michalenko, Edward M. Lee, Zhongping Weidemann, Alan TI Turbidity and suspended solids levels and loads in a sediment enriched stream: implications for impacted lotic and lentic ecosystems SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE turbidity; total suspended solids; loads; runoff events; stream impacts; lake impacts; satellite imagery ID WATER-SUPPLY RESERVOIR; ONONDAGA-LAKE; NEW-YORK; RUNOFF EVENTS; PATTERNS; TRANSPARENCY; PENETRATION; SCATTERING; RESOLUTION; PARTICLES AB The implementation of an automated stream monitoring unit that features four probe-based turbidity (T-n) measurements per hour and the capability to collect frequent (e.g., hourly) samples for total suspended solids (TSS) analyses during runoff events to assess the dynamics of T-n, TSS and corresponding loads in sediment-rich Onondaga Creek, NY, was documented. Major increases in both T-n (maximum of 3,500 NTU) and TSS (maximum of 1630 mg/L) were reported for the stream during runoff events. Relationships between T-n, TSS and stream flow (Q) were developed and applied to support estimates of TSS loading (TSS,). Tn was demonstrated to be a better predictor of TSS than Q, supporting the use of the frequent field T-n measurements to estimate TSSL. During the year of intensive monitoring, 65% of the TSSL was delivered during the six largest runoff events that represented 18% of the annual flow. The high Tn levels and extensive in-stream deposition have negatively impacted the stream's biota and the esthetics of a downstream harbor. Onondaga Creek is reported to be the dominant allochthonous source of inorganic particulate material to downstream Onondaga Lake. These sediment inputs have important implications for the lake, within the context of two on-going rehabilitation programs aimed at contaminated lake sediments and the effects of extreme cultural eutrophication, by contributing substantially to sedimentation and turbidity. A satellite image documented the occurrence of a conspicuous turbidity plume that emanated from Onondaga Creek following a minor runoff event, suggesting such an effect is common and that related impacts are not spatially uniform. C1 [Prestigiacomo, Anthony R.; Effler, Steven W.; O'Donnell, David] Upstate Freshwater Inst, Syracuse, NY 13214 USA. [Hassett, James M.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Michalenko, Edward M.] Onondaga Environm Inst, Syracuse, NY 13204 USA. [Lee, Zhongping; Weidemann, Alan] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Prestigiacomo, AR (reprint author), Upstate Freshwater Inst, POB 506, Syracuse, NY 13214 USA. NR 56 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 22 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 231 EP 244 PG 14 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 333OP UT WOS:000258162100003 ER PT J AU Keskinen, MJ Schmitt, A AF Keskinen, M. J. Schmitt, A. TI Nonlocal electron heat flow in high-Z laser-plasmas with radiation transport SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE Fokker-Planck; high Z; laser; radiation; transport ID STEEP TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS; ION-ACOUSTIC TURBULENCE; THERMAL CONDUCTION; INVERSE BREMSSTRAHLUNG; TARGET EXPERIMENTS; DISTRIBUTIONS; ABSORPTION; PULSES; FUSION AB The effects of radiation transport on nonlocal electron heat flow in high Z laser-produced plasmas is studied. Using a Fokker-Planck model for the electron heat flow, which is coupled to a radiation transport model, it is found that radiation transport strongly modifies electron heat transport at the critical surface and in the overdense regions for an aluminum plasma. It is concluded that, without radiation transport effects, the plasma temperature, as computed from Fokker-Planck models, is overestimated in the critical region and underestimated in the overdense region, for high-Z plasmas. C1 USN, Res Lab, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Laser Plasma Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keskinen, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6750, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM keskinen@ppd.nrl.navy.mil NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD SEP PY 2007 VL 25 IS 3 BP 333 EP 337 DI 10.1017/S0263034607000146 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 207DR UT WOS:000249232300003 ER PT J AU Reis, JP Trone, DW Macera, CA Rauh, MJ AF Reis, Jared P. Trone, Daniel W. Macera, Caroline A. Rauh, Mitchell J. TI Factors associated with discharge during marine corps basic training SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; STRESS-FRACTURES; FEMALE RECRUITS; NAVY ATTRITION; PREDICTORS; SUCCESS; INJURY; FORCE AB This prospective study assessed risk factors for discharge from basic training (BT) among 2,137 male Marine Corps recruits between February and April 2003. Physical and demographic characteristics, exercise, and previous lower extremity injuries before arrival at Marine Corps Recruit Depot were assessed by questionnaire during intake processing. Stress fractures were confirmed by x-ray, triple-phase bone scan, or magnetic resonance imaging. Overall, 223 (10.4%) participants were discharged from training. In addition to the occurrence of a stress fracture during BT, older age (> 23 years), non-Hispanic race, poor incoming self-rated physical fitness, no history of competitive exercise, and an incoming lower extremity injury with incomplete recovery were independent risk factors for discharge. Strategies to identify and allow the proper healing time for pre-BT lower extremity injuries, including interventions to improve the physical fitness of recruits before BT and reduce stress fractures during BT, may be indicated to lower attrition. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Behav Sci & Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Rocky Mt univ Hlth Prof, Provo, UT 84601 USA. RP Trone, DW (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Behav Sci & Epidemiol, PO Box 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 24 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 172 IS 9 BP 936 EP 941 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 210HT UT WOS:000249448000007 PM 17937356 ER PT J AU Kress, M Penn, M Polukarov, M AF Kress, Moshe Penn, Michal Polukarov, Maria TI The minmax multidimensional knapsack problem with application to a chance-constrained problem SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE knapsack problem; chance constraints; recourse; military logistics; combinatorial algorithm ID RANDOM ARC CAPACITIES; DISCRETE-DISTRIBUTIONS; MANAGEMENT; PROGRAMS; DEMAND AB In this paper we present a new combinatorial problem, called minmax multidimensional knapsack problem (MKP), motivated by a military logistics problem. The logistics problem is a two-period, two-level, chance-constrained problem with recourse. We show that the MKP is NP-hard and develop a practically efficient combinatorial algorithm for solving it. We also show that under some reasonable assumptions regarding the operational setting of the logistics problem, the chance-constrained optimization problem is decomposable into a series of MKPs that are solved separately. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Ind Engn & Management, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Kress, M (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. EM mkress@nps.navy.mil NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 656 EP 666 DI 10.1002/nav.20237 PG 11 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 200ER UT WOS:000248747200007 ER PT J AU Chaffee, MW McNeill, MM AF Chaffee, Mary W. McNeill, Margaret M. TI A model of nursing as a complex adaptive system SO NURSING OUTLOOK LA English DT Article ID SCIENCE; HEALTH AB The science and theory of complex adaptive systems, also known as complexity science, has emerged as an alternative to existing paradigms. Complex adaptive systems demonstrate identifiable characteristics: embeddedness, self-organization, non-linearity, unpredictability, and others. These systems exhibit emergent behavior that arises from simple rules and interconnections among diverse elements with porous boundaries, as they interact with and respond to the environment. The health system and the profession of nursing can be viewed as complex adaptive systems, and when done so, new insight can be gained. While several authors have stated they believe nursing is indeed a complex adaptive system, a visual model has not yet been advanced. This article offers a model of nursing viewed as a complex adaptive system, a discussion of key properties of a complex adaptive system, and potential implications of the use of complexity science in nursing and health care. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Chaffee, MW (reprint author), USN, Baltimore, MD USA. EM mwchaffee@aol.com NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-6554 J9 NURS OUTLOOK JI Nurs. Outlook PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 55 IS 5 BP 232 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.outlook.2007.04.003 PG 10 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 221WG UT WOS:000250257500005 PM 17950117 ER PT J AU Metz, MJ Cochran, MA Matis, BA Gonzalez, C Platt, JA Lund, MR AF Metz, M. J. Cochran, M. A. Matis, B. A. Gonzalez, C. Platt, J. A. Lund, M. R. TI Clinical evaluation of 15% carbamide peroxide on the surface microhardness and shear bond strength of human enamel SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITE RESIN; BLEACHING AGENTS; BOVINE ENAMEL; IN-VITRO; DENTIN; REMINERALIZATION; INVITRO; DEMINERALIZATION; SUBSURFACE; MORPHOLOGY AB Purpose: This clinical evaluation compared a neutral sodium fluoridated whitening product to a neutral non-fluoridated whitening product in terms their effects on human enamel surface microhardness (SMH) and human enamel/resin composite shear bond strength (SBS) following various treatment times. Materials and Methods: Subjects were evaluated for enamel SMH and enamel/resin SBS following 15% carbamide peroxide (CP) with and without potassium nitrate and fluoride (PF). Twenty subjects (80 first or second premolars), who were treatment-planned for premolar extraction due to orthodontic therapy, were allocated into two groups, A and B. Group A received 15% CP, while Group B received 15% CP with PF. Each patient had a control tooth, a 14-day treatment + 14-day recovery tooth, a 14-day treatment + no recovery tooth and a 4-day + no recovery tooth. Each tooth was further divided into two testing surfaces; the facial surface was used for SMH, while the lingual surface was used for SBS. Results: The results of this study determined that there was no statistically significant difference between the effects of the two products on SMH and enamel/resin SBS. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference between the treatment specimens compared to the controls in terms of SMH. However, there was a significant difference between the treatment groups compared to the controls in terms of enamel/resin SBS. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this clinical study, 15% CP with and without PF does not seem to alter the SMH of human enamel. However, 15% CP with and without PF significantly reduced enamel/resin SBS immediately following tooth whitening therapy, up to 14 days post-treatment. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Dent, Indianapolis, IN USA. USN, Dent Corp, Washington, DC 20004 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Dent, Indianapolis, IN USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Dent, Direct Clin Res Sect, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Metz, MJ (reprint author), 238 Saipan St, Sodegaura, Chiba 29902, Japan. EM michael.metz@med.navy.mil NR 48 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC PI INDIANAPOLIS PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL DENTISTRY, ROOM S411, 1121 WEST MICHIGAN ST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5186 USA SN 0361-7734 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 32 IS 5 BP 427 EP 436 DI 10.2341/06-142 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 208XA UT WOS:000249351300004 PM 17910218 ER PT J AU Gwara, JJ AF Gwara, Joseph J. TI Andres Gonzalez de Barcia and the creation of the colonial Spanish American Library. SO PAPERS OF THE BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Language Studies Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Gwara, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Language Studies Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOC AMER PI NEW YORK PA PO BOX 1537 LENOX HILL STATION, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0006-128X J9 PAP BIBLIOGR SOC AM JI Pap. Bibliogra. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 101 IS 3 BP 418 EP 421 PG 4 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 216ET UT WOS:000249862000008 ER PT J AU Matteucci, MJ Auten, JD Crowley, B Combs, D Clark, RF AF Matteucci, Michael J. Auten, Jonathan D. Crowley, Brian Combs, Daniel Clark, Richard F. TI Methamphetamine exposures in young children SO PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY CARE LA English DT Article DE illicit drug ingestion/poisoning; methamphetamines; toxicity ID SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM AB Objectives: Methamphetamine abuse is reaching epidemic proportions. As this occurs, the likelihood of accidental poisoning in children increases. We sought to evaluate the presentation, treatment, and outcome of pediatric methamphetamine exposures reported to the California Poison Control System. Methods: This is a retrospective review of California Poison Control System records for methamphetamine exposure from 2000 through 2004. All charts of patients identified as younger than 6 years were reviewed and abstracted. Results: The chans of 47 children younger than 6 years were identified and reviewed. Three were coded as minor effects, 3 as major effects, and 16 as moderate effects. The remainder of the charts were not evaluated because of no effect (n = 6), unrelated or confinned nonexposure (n = 3), or unable to follow (n = 16). The most common presenting symptom was agitation (82%), whereas seizures were documented in only 2 cases (9%). Tachycardia was common (mean heart rate, 171 beats/min; confidence interval [CI] , 154-187), whereas blood pressure (BP) (mean systolic BP, 120 mm Hg; Cl, 104-136; and mean diastolic BP, 70 mm Hg; CI, 51-88) and rectal temperature (mean, 37.4 degrees C; Cl, 36.9-37.9) were slightly elevated compared with normal values. Creatinine was documented in 6 cases and noted as normal in all (0.3 IU/L; Cl, 0.2-0.4) , whereas creatine kinase was documented in 3 charts and elevated in all (mean 1984 IU/L; range, 212-4942 IU/L). Most cases (55%) received benzodiazepines as treatment, although only 2 received activated charcoal. Symptoms persisted for an average of 22 hours (CI, 16.3-27.2). No deaths were reported. Conclusions: In this series of children, methamphetamine exposure was strongly associated with agitation that was successfully treated with benzodiazepines. Tachycardia was common, although hypertension and hyperthermia were not. Laboratory studies were not routinely recorded. The clinical significance of elevated creatine kinase concentrations recorded in 3 children is unclear. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Div Med Toxicol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Matteucci, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Div Med Toxicol, 200 W Arbor Dr 8925, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM dr_soar@hotmail.com NR 10 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0749-5161 J9 PEDIATR EMERG CARE JI Pediatr. Emerg. Care PD SEP PY 2007 VL 23 IS 9 BP 638 EP 640 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine; Pediatrics SC Emergency Medicine; Pediatrics GA 211QU UT WOS:000249539200006 PM 17876253 ER PT J AU Mazin, II Boeri, L Dolgov, OV Golubov, AA Bachelet, GB Giantomassi, M Andersen, OK AF Mazin, I. I. Boeri, L. Dolgov, O. V. Golubov, A. A. Bachelet, G. B. Giantomassi, M. Andersen, O. K. TI Unresolved problems in superconductivity of CaC(6) SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Materials and Mechanisms of Superconductivity and High Temperature Superconductors CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Dresden, GERMANY DE superconductivity; intercalated graphite ID GRAPHITE-INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE AB We discuss the current status of the theory of the "high-temperature" superconductivity in intercalated graphites YbC(6) and CaC(6). We emphasize that while the general picture of conventional, phonon-driven superconductivity has already emerged and is generally accepted, there are still interesting problems with this picture, such as weak coupling regime inferred from specific heat suggesting coupling exclusively with high-energy carbon phonons coming in direct contradiction with the isotope effect measurements in turn suggesting coupling exclusively with the low-energy intercalant modes. At the same time, the first principle calculations, while explaining T(c), contradict both the experiments above by predicting equal coupling with both groups of phonons. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Comp Mat Sci, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Twente, Fac Sci & Tech, Enschede, Netherlands. INFM, Dipartimento Fis, Rome, Italy. Catholic Univ Louvain, Unit PCPM, Louvain, Belgium. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), Ctr Comp Mat Sci, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mazin@nrl.navy.mil RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Boeri, Lilia/B-6162-2015; Dolgov, Oleg/M-8120-2015 OI Boeri, Lilia/0000-0003-1186-2207; Dolgov, Oleg/0000-0001-8997-2671 NR 24 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 460 BP 116 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2007.03.276 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 216IA UT WOS:000249870500033 ER PT J AU Finkenstadt, D Pennington, G Mehl, MJ AF Finkenstadt, Daniel Pennington, G. Mehl, M. J. TI From graphene to graphite: A general tight-binding approach for nanoribbon carrier transport SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY METHOD; CARBON NANOTUBES; DIRAC-FERMIONS; NOBLE-METALS; EDGE; TRANSITION; NANOSTRIPS; STATE AB In an effort to better understand the behavior of graphene, we developed an ab initio parametrized fit of hydrocarbon interactions, out to arbitrary neighbors, including forces. Our computed bands show that ribbons of graphene have increased numbers of zigzag edge states, and decreased armchair band gaps, when multilayered. Armchair ribbons are known to obey three families of gap-to-width relationships; we further find that carrier group velocity v(F) varies by family: small gaps have ideal v(F), and large gaps have +/- 20% deviations from ideal v(F). Boltzmann carrier transport simulations from calculated phonon scattering show a similar, familial conductance behavior, with peak field-effect mobility and saturated, small-field conductance increasing linearly with ribbon width. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Finkenstadt, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daniel.kris@gmail.com RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 44 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2007 VL 76 IS 12 AR 121405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.121405 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 215CS UT WOS:000249786500009 ER PT J AU Srinivasa, V Levy, J Hellberg, CS AF Srinivasa, Vanita Levy, Jeremy Hellberg, C. Stephen TI Flying spin qubits: A method for encoding and transporting qubits within a dimerized Heisenberg spin-1/2 chain SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM COMPUTATION; COMPUTER; SYSTEMS; DECOHERENCE; SOLITONS AB We present a method for encoding and transporting qubits within a dimerized Heisenberg spin-1/2 chain. Logical qubits are localized at the domain walls that separate the two possible dimerized states. The domain walls can be moved to produce "flying spin qubits." The topological nature of these states makes them stable against local perturbations of the exchange profile. Pairs of domain walls can be used to generate Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs of entangled qubits. We discuss speed limitations within an exactly solvable three-spin model and describe a possible physical realization using quantum dot arrays. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Srinivasa, V (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM vas9@pitt.edu; jlevy@pitt.edu; hellberg@nrl.navy.mil RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010; Levy, Jeremy/A-2081-2009 OI Levy, Jeremy/0000-0002-5700-2977 NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2007 VL 76 IS 9 AR 094411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.094411 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 215CO UT WOS:000249786100057 ER PT J AU Bojowald, M Cartin, D Khanna, G AF Bojowald, Martin Cartin, Daniel Khanna, Gaurav TI Lattice refining loop quantum cosmology, anisotropic models, and stability SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SPIN DYNAMICS QSD; SYMMETRY REDUCTION; GRAVITY; GEOMETRY; SINGULARITY; CONNECTIONS; OPERATORS; REAL AB A general class of loop quantizations for anisotropic models is introduced and discussed, which enhances loop quantum cosmology by relevant features seen in inhomogeneous situations. The main new effect is an underlying lattice which is being refined during dynamical changes of the volume. In general, this leads to a new feature of dynamical difference equations which may not have constant step-size, posing new mathematical problems. It is discussed how such models can be evaluated and what lattice refinements imply for semiclassical behavior. Two detailed examples illustrate that stability conditions can put strong constraints on suitable refinement models, even in the absence of a fundamental Hamiltonian which defines changes of the underlying lattice. Thus, a large class of consistency tests of loop quantum gravity becomes available. In this context, it will also be seen that quantum corrections due to inverse powers of metric components in a constraint are much larger than they appeared recently in more special treatments of isotropic, free scalar models where they were artificially suppressed. C1 Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Preparatory Sch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. SE Massachusetts Univ, Dept Phys, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. RP Bojowald, M (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, 104 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM bojowald@gravity.psu.edu; cartin@naps.edu; gkhanna@UMassD.Edu OI Cartin, Daniel/0000-0001-8896-053X NR 46 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 064018 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.064018 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 215CW UT WOS:000249786900056 ER PT J AU Bates, JW AF Bates, J. W. TI Instability of isolated planar shock waves SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID STEP SHOCKS; STABILITY; GASES AB Previously, expressions governing the temporal evolution of linear perturbations to an isolated, planar, two-dimensional shock front in an inviscid fluid medium with an arbitrary equation of state were derived using a methodology based on Riemann invariants and Laplace transforms [J. W. Bates, Phys. Rev. E 69, 056313 (2004)]. An overlooked yet immediate consequence of this theory is that the stability limits of shocks can be readily determined from an inspection of the poles of the transformed ripple amplitude. Here, it is shown that two classes of instabilities exist for isolated planar shock waves: one in which perturbations grow exponentially in time, and the other in which disturbances are stationary. These results agree with those derived by D'yakov and Kontorovich (by more arduous and somewhat ambiguous means), and serve as an important addendum to our earlier analysis. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bates, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD SEP PY 2007 VL 19 IS 9 AR 094102 DI 10.1063/1.2757706 PG 6 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 215DC UT WOS:000249787500029 ER PT J AU Flack, KA Schultz, MP Connelly, JS AF Flack, K. A. Schultz, M. P. Connelly, J. S. TI Examination of a critical roughness height for outer layer similarity SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT-BOUNDARY-LAYERS; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; EXPERIMENTAL SUPPORT; CHANNEL FLOW; PIPE-FLOW; WALL; HYPOTHESIS; REGIME; SMOOTH AB The existence of a critical roughness height for outer layer similarity between smooth and rough wall turbulent boundary layers is investigated. Results are presented for boundary layer measurements on flat plates covered with sandgrain and woven mesh with the ratio of the boundary layer thickness to roughness height (delta/k) varying from 16 to 110 at Re-theta=7.3x10(3)-13x10(3). In all cases tested, the layer directly modified by the roughness (the roughness sublayer) is confined to a region < 5k or < 3k(s) from the wall (where k(s) is the equivalent sandgrain roughness height). In the larger roughness cases, this region of turbulence modification extends into the outer flow. However, beyond 5k or 3k(s) from the wall, similarity in the turbulence quantities is observed between the smooth and rough wall boundary layers. These results indicate that a critical roughness height, where the roughness begins to affect most or all of the boundary layer, does not exist. Instead, the outer flow is only gradually modified with increasing roughness height as the roughness sublayer begins to occupy an ever increasing fraction of the outer layer. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Flack, KA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008 NR 38 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD SEP PY 2007 VL 19 IS 9 AR 095104 DI 10.1063/1.2757708 PG 9 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 215DC UT WOS:000249787500039 ER PT J AU Blackwell, DD Walker, DN Messer, SJ Amatucci, WE AF Blackwell, David D. Walker, David N. Messer, Sarah J. Amatucci, William E. TI Antenna impedance measurements in a magnetized plasma. I. Spherical antenna SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID IONOSPHERIC ELECTRON-DENSITY; RADIO-FREQUENCY PROBE; RESONANCE PROBE AB The input impedance of a metal sphere immersed in a magnetized plasma is measured with a network analyzer at frequencies up to 1 GHz. The experiments were done in the Space Physics Simulation Chamber at the Naval Research Laboratory. The hot-filament argon plasma was varied between weakly (omega(ce)omega(pe)) magnetized plasma with electron densities in the range 10(7)-10(10) cm(-3). It is observed that the lower-frequency resonance of the impedance characteristic previously associated with series sheath resonance omega(sh) in the unmagnetized plasma occurs at a hybrid sheath frequency of omega(2)(r)=omega(2)(sh)+kappa omega(2)(ce), where kappa is a constant 0.5 omega(pe)) magnetized plasmas in the Space Physics Simulation Chamber at the Naval Research Laboratory. Over this range of plasma conditions the wavelength in the plasma varies from the short dipole limit (lambda > L) to the long dipole limit (lambda similar to L). As with previous impedance measurements, there are two resonant frequencies observed as frequencies where the impedance of the antenna is real. Measurements have indicated that in the short dipole limit the majority of the power deposition takes place at the lower resonance frequency which lies between the cyclotron frequency and the upper hybrid frequency. These measured curves agree very well with the analytic theory for a short dipole in a magnetoplasma. In the long dipole regime, in addition to the short dipole effects still being present, there is resonant energy deposition which peaks at much higher frequencies and correlates to 1/2 and 3/2 wavelength dipole resonances. The wavelengths in the plasma predicted by these resonances are consistent with the antenna radiating R and L-waves. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blackwell, DD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2007 VL 14 IS 9 AR 092106 DI 10.1063/1.2779285 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 215DD UT WOS:000249787600008 ER PT J AU Swanekamp, SB Schumer, JW AF Swanekamp, S. B. Schumer, J. W. TI Comment on "Relation between space charge limited current and power loss in open drift tubes" [Phys. Plasmas 13, 073101 (2006)] SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Editorial Material AB In Phys Plasmas 13, 073101 (2006), the drop in the space-charge-limited (SCL) current for a beam injected into a space with an open boundary is analyzed with an electromagnetic particle-in-cell code. The authors explained the power loss observed at the open boundary as the loss of electromagnetic radiation created from the deceleration of electrons in the gap, and they developed an effective voltage theory to predict the drop in the SCL current observed in the simulations. In this Comment, we show that, provided the current remains below the SCL value, the electric and magnetic fields are constant in time so that power loss from the open boundary is a dc phenomenon with no rf power leaving through the boundary. We show that the electric and magnetic fields are static in time and static fields DO NOT RADIATE. Instead, the electron beam charges the collector plate, which causes a real electrostatic electric field to develop. The electron energy loss is not due to radiation but rather to the work done by this electrostatic field on the electrons as they move across the gap. This is precisely the energy dissipated in the matched resistance across the open boundary, which is a consequence of the boundary condition. Furthermore, since a real electrostatic potential develops, the voltage drop is real and there is no need to call the voltage drop an effective voltage.(C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. L3 Commun, Reston, VA 20190 USA. RP Swanekamp, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2007 VL 14 IS 9 AR 094705 DI 10.1063/1.2761865 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 215DD UT WOS:000249787600056 ER PT J AU Swanekamp, SB Ottinger, PF AF Swanekamp, S. B. Ottinger, P. F. TI Comment on "Power loss in open cavity diodes and a modified Child-Langmuir law" [Phys. Plasmas 12, 093102 (2005)] SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Editorial Material AB In this Comment, it is shown that no modification of the Child-Langmuir law [Phys. Rev.32, 492 (1911); Phys. Rev. 2, 450 (1913)] is necessary to treat the space-charge-limited flow from a diode with an open boundary as reported in Phys. Plasmas 12, 093102 (2005). The open boundary condition in their simulations can be represented by a voltage source and a resistor whose value is the vacuum-wave impedance of the opening. The diode can be represented as a variable resistor whose value depends on the voltage drop across the diode (as measured by the line integral of E across the diode gap). This is a simple voltage-divider circuit whose analysis shows that the real diode voltage drops as the vacuum-wave impedance increases. Furthermore, it is shown that in equilibrium, the voltage drop between the anode and cathode is independent of the path chosen for the line integral of the electric field so that E=-del Phi is valid. In this case, the equations of electrostatics are applicable. This clearly demonstrates that the electric field is electrostatic and static fields DO NOT RADIATE. It is shown that the diode voltage drops as the vacuum wave impedance increases and the current drops according to the Child-Langmuir law. Therefore, the observed drop in circuit current can be explained by a real drop in voltage across the diode and not an effective drop as claimed by the authors.(C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. L3 Commun, Reston, VA 20190 USA. RP Swanekamp, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2007 VL 14 IS 9 AR 094701 DI 10.1063/1.2761862 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 215DD UT WOS:000249787600052 ER PT J AU Eager, RE Raman, S Holt, TR Westphal, D Reid, J Nachamkin, J Liu, M Al Mandoos, A AF Eager, Rebecca E. Raman, Sethu Holt, Teddy R. Westphal, Douglas Reid, Jeffrey Nachamkin, Jason Liu, Ming Al Mandoos, Abdulla TI A seasonal statistical evaluation of COAMPS((R)) over the arabian gulf region SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Mesoscale Processes in Atmosphere Ocean and Environmental Systems CY FEB 14-17, 2006 CL Indian Inst Technol, Delhi, INDIA HO Indian Inst Technol DE statistical evaluation; UAE; COAMPS; verification AB A statistical evaluation of the Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS (R)) was performed over the Arabian Gulf region for the period, 1 August to 5 October, 2004. Verification skill scores of bias and root-mean-square error were estimated for surface variables and for vertical profiles to investigate any diurnal variations. The model predictions of boundary-layer heights are compared with the observations at Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The Middle East presents challenges to numerical weather prediction due to complex land-ocean-land mesoscale processes. An independent data set of surface measurements from 50 stations in the UAE was available from the Department of Water Resources Studies, Abu Dhabi for model verification. The results indicate a diurnal variation in the model errors. The errors are small considering the magnitudes of the observed variables. Errors in the coastal region can be attributed to the differences in the timing of the onset of sea and land breeze circulations in the simulations as compared to the observations. Errors are relatively smaller in the offshore locations. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Eager, RE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 164 IS 8-9 BP 1747 EP 1764 DI 10.1007/s00024-007-0229-0 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 204CC UT WOS:000249019500018 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN AF Kostoff, Ronald N. TI The difference between highly and poorly cited medical articles in the journal Lancet SO SCIENTOMETRICS LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL-RESEARCH; PUBLICATION BIAS; CITATION; IMPACT; QUALITY AB Characteristics of highly and poorly cited research articles (with Abstracts) published in The Lancet over a three-year period were examined. These characteristics included numerical (numbers of authors, references, citations, Abstract words, journal pages), organizational (first author country, institution type, institution name), and medical (medical condition, study approach, study type, sample size, study outcome). Compared to the least cited articles, the most cited have three to five times the median number of authors per article, fifty to six hundred percent greater median number of references per article, 110 to 490 times the median number of citations per article, 2.5 to almost seven times the median number of Abstract words per article, and 2.5 to 3.5 times the median number of pages per article. The most cited articles' medical themes emphasize breast cancer, diabetes, coronary circulation, and HIV immune system problems, focusing on large-scale clinical trials of drugs. The least cited articles' themes essentially do not address the above medical issues, especially from a clinical trials perspective, cover a much broader range of topics, and have much more emphasis on social and reproductive health issues. Finally, for sample sizes of clinical trials specifically, those of the most cited articles ranged from a median of about 1500 to 2500, whereas those of the least cited articles ranged from 30 to 40. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 11 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0138-9130 J9 SCIENTOMETRICS JI Scientometrics PD SEP PY 2007 VL 72 IS 3 BP 513 EP 520 DI 10.1007/s11192-007-1573-7 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 190LI UT WOS:000248059900009 ER PT J AU Ngundi, MM Taitt, CR Ligler, FS AF Ngundi, Miriam M. Taitt, Chris R. Ligler, Frances S. TI Crosslinkers modify affinity of immobilized carbohydrates for cholera toxin SO SENSOR LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Arrays; carbohydrates; cholera toxin; crosslinkers; detection ID ARRAY BIOSENSOR; GANGLIOSIDES; BINDING; MICROARRAYS; BACTERIAL; LIGAND; CHIPS AB Many current microarray technologies rely on immobilization of ligands using a single crosslinking method. Here the effects of various crosslinkers on binding of cholera toxin and other biological targets to immobilized carbohydrates were assessed. With each of the linkers used, the chemical moieties targeted for crosslinking (amines, thiols) were identical, but the physical and chemical properties of the tethers were varied. Although antibody binding was largely unaffected by tether characteristics, binding of toxin to immobilized carbohydrates was greatly affected by the nature of the tether, indicating that a '' one-size-fits-all '' approach to array production may not be appropriate in many cases. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM frances.ligler@nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1546-198X J9 SENSOR LETT JI Sens. Lett. PD SEP-DEC PY 2007 VL 5 IS 3-4 BP 621 EP 624 DI 10.1166/sl.2007.238 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 237HJ UT WOS:000251364500019 ER PT J AU Huynh, TV Kessler, A Oravec, J Wark, S Davis, J AF Huynh, Thomas V. Kessler, Andrew Oravec, Joseph Wark, Shaunnah Davis, Jennifer TI Orthogonal array experiment for architecting a system of systems responding to small boat attacks SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE maritime threat response (MTR); small boat attack (SBA); architecture; system of systems (SoS); orthogonal array experiment; Taguchi method AB In this work we solve the problem of architecting a conceptual, near-term, cost-effective system of systems (SoS) to respond to small boats used by terrorists to attack maritime commerce traffic and critical shore infrastructures in the United States, by formulating the architecting problem as an assignment problem which is then solved using the orthogonal array experiment. Also known as the Taguchi method in quality control, the orthogonal array experiment is efficient for this class of problems, The optimality of the resulting architecture, called optimal cost-effective architecture, is validated against a heuristically developed architecture and an optimal effective architecture; the latter is obtained also with the orthogonal array experiment approach. The main purpose of this paper is an exploratory application of the Taguchi method to architecting a system of systems. The principal results of the orthogonal array experiment method reported herein underline this successful exploratory work in architecting a system of systems. This method can be extended to architecting other systems of systems. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Huynh, Thomas V.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 94305 USA. [Kessler, Andrew; Oravec, Joseph; Wark, Shaunnah; Davis, Jennifer] Naval Postgrad Sch, Meyer Inst Syst Engn, Syst Engn & Anal Curriculum 9, Monterey, CA 94305 USA. [Davis, Jennifer] Northrup Grumman, Pascagoula, MS USA. RP Huynh, TV (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, 777 Dwyer Rd, Monterey, CA 94305 USA. EM thuynh@nps.edu NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1098-1241 J9 SYST ENG JI Syst. Eng. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 10 IS 3 BP 241 EP 259 DI 10.1002/sys.20074 PG 19 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 340RK UT WOS:000258662500004 ER PT J AU Grossgold, ET Kusuda, L AF Grossgold, Erik T. Kusuda, Leo TI Scrotal lymphangioma in an adult SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYSTIC LYMPHANGIOMA; LESIONS; MASS AB We present a case of scrotal lymphangioma in a 25-year-old man. The patient presented with scrotal swelling and an ultrasound scan demonstrating a complex extratesticular cystic mass around the left spermatic cord. He underwent excision of the mass, followed by orchiectomy for recurrence. This case was interesting for several reasons. First, scrotal lymphangioma, although very rare, is usually seen in infants and children. Second, for a symptomatic extratesticular cystic mass, surgery might be warranted. Finally, although primary excision is the treatment of choice in the younger individual, the same might not be true for the rare adult with this disease. C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Urol, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. RP Grossgold, ET (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Urol, 8917 N Davis Highway 160, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. EM Erik.Grossgold@med.navy.mit NR 16 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 70 IS 3 AR 590.e1 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2007.06.1087 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 226AC UT WOS:000250558500059 PM 17905123 ER PT J AU Chen, J AF Chen, James TI Comment on "Torus instability" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; FLUX-ROPE; ACCELERATION C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 31 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 9 AR 099501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.099501 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 206AE UT WOS:000249155500054 PM 17931046 ER PT J AU Wu, Y Kim, ED Xu, X Cheng, J Steel, DG Bracker, AS Gammon, D Economou, SE Sham, LJ AF Wu, Yanwen Kim, Erik D. Xu, Xiaodong Cheng, Jun Steel, D. G. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. Economou, Sophia E. Sham, L. J. TI Selective optical control of electron spin coherence in singly charged GaAs-Al0.3Ga0.7As quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Coherent transient excitation of the spin ground states in singly charged quantum dots creates optically coupled and decoupled states of the electron spin. We demonstrate selective excitation from the spin ground states to the trion state through phase sensitive control of the spin coherence via these three states, leading to partial rotations of the spin vector. This progress lays the ground work for achieving complete ultrafast spin rotations. C1 Univ Michigan, HM Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Steel, DG (reprint author), Univ Michigan, HM Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dst@umich.edu RI xu, xiaodong/C-4316-2008; OI Sham, Lu/0000-0001-5718-2077 NR 16 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 31 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 9 AR 097402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.097402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 206AE UT WOS:000249155500044 ER PT J AU Xu, XD Wu, YW Sun, B Huang, Q Cheng, J Steel, DG Bracker, AS Gammon, D Emary, C Sham, LJ AF Xu, Xiaodong Wu, Yanwen Sun, Bo Huang, Qiong Cheng, Jun Steel, D. G. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. Emary, C. Sham, L. J. TI Fast spin state initialization in a singly charged InAs-GaAs quantum dot by optical cooling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATION AB Quantum computation requires a continuous supply of rapidly initialized qubits for quantum error correction. Here, we demonstrate fast spin state initialization with near unity efficiency in a singly charged quantum dot by optically cooling an electron spin. The electron spin is successfully cooled from 5 to 0.06 K at a magnetic field of 0.88 T applied in Voigt geometry. The spin cooling rate is of order 10(9) s(-1), which is set by the spontaneous decay rate of the excited state. C1 Univ Michigan, HM Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Steel, DG (reprint author), Univ Michigan, HM Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dst@umich.edu RI Emary, Clive/B-9596-2008; xu, xiaodong/C-4316-2008; OI Emary, Clive/0000-0002-9822-8390; Sham, Lu/0000-0001-5718-2077 NR 26 TC 179 Z9 181 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 31 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 9 AR 097401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.097401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 206AE UT WOS:000249155500043 PM 17931035 ER PT J AU Purdy, AP Gilardi, R Luther, J Butcher, RJ AF Purdy, Andrew P. Gilardi, Richard Luther, Justin Butcher, Raymond J. TI Synthesis, crystal structure, and reactivity of alkali and silver salts of sulfonated imidazoles SO POLYHEDRON LA English DT Article DE silver complex; imidazole sulfonation; hydrogen bonded networks; sulfonate network; lithium complex ID COORDINATION POLYMERS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; NEUTRAL LIGANDS; GLYOXALINES; DERIVATIVES; COMPLEXES; SULFUR; INTERCALATION; ISOMERISM; NETWORKS AB Both 2-methylimidazole and 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole were monosulfonated with oleum in the five position. In crystals of the monohydrate of 2-methylimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, hydrogen bonds link the molecules into a 3-dimensional network, while in crystals of 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, corrugated 2-dimensional layers are present. The Li and Ag salts and the bis(trimethylsilyl) derivatives of 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole-5-sulfonic acid were prepared, and there is evidence for doubly deprotonated imidazolesulfonate in aqueous solution. The monohydrate of the Li salt and the Ag salt also form a 3-dimensional, H-bonded network. Only in the Ag salt does the asymmetric unit consist of more than one basic formula unit. One Ag atom is 2-coordinate and links two nitrogen atoms, while the other Ag atom has distorted tetrahedral coordination and links the sulfortate groups into an infinite chain. Reactions of the silver salt with 1,4-dibromobutane in non-protic solvents such as 1 -methyl-2-pyrrolid one were used to link two of the imidazolesulfonic acid units with a 4-carbon chain at the nitrogens. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Purdy, AP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120,4555 Overlook Av,SE, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM andrew.purdy@nrl.navy.mil NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-5387 J9 POLYHEDRON JI Polyhedron PD AUG 31 PY 2007 VL 26 IS 14 BP 3930 EP 3938 DI 10.1016/j.poly.2007.04.024 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 214CS UT WOS:000249714200051 ER PT J AU McCormack, JP Siskind, DE Hood, LL AF McCormack, J. P. Siskind, D. E. Hood, L. L. TI Solar-QBO interaction and its impact on stratospheric ozone in a zonally averaged photochemical transport model of the middle atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; MULTIPLE-REGRESSION ANALYSIS; DECADAL VARIABILITY; CYCLE VARIATION; CLIMATE; PERIOD; PARAMETERIZATION; TEMPERATURE; TROPOSPHERE; MODULATION AB We investigate the solar cycle modulation of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in stratospheric zonal winds and its impact on stratospheric ozone with an updated version of the zonally averaged CHEM2D middle atmosphere model. We find that the duration of the westerly QBO phase at solar maximum is 3 months shorter than at solar minimum, a more robust result than in an earlier CHEM2D study due to reduced Rayleigh friction drag in the present version of the model. The modeled solar cycle ozone response, determined via multiple linear regression, is compared with observational estimates from the combined Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet (SBUV/2) data set for the period 1979-2003. We find that a model simulation including imposed solar UV variations, the zonal wind QBO, and an imposed 11-year variation in planetary wave 1 amplitude produces a lower stratospheric ozone response of similar to 2.5% between 0 and 20 degrees S and an upper stratospheric ozone response of similar to 1% between 45 and 55 km, in good agreement with the SBUV-derived ozone response. This simulation also produces an (enhancement/reduction) in the (lower/upper) stratospheric temperature response at low latitudes compared to the effects of solar UV variations alone, which are consistent with model vertical velocity anomalies produced by the solar-modulated QBO and imposed changes in planetary wave forcing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP McCormack, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7646,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.mccormack@nrl.navy.mil OI McCormack, John/0000-0002-3674-0508 NR 50 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 28 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D16 AR D16109 DI 10.1029/2006JD008369 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 208QV UT WOS:000249335200002 ER PT J AU Picard, YN Caldwell, JD Twigg, ME Eddy, CR Mastro, MA Henry, RL Holm, RT AF Picard, Y. N. Caldwell, J. D. Twigg, M. E. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Mastro, M. A. Henry, R. L. Holm, R. T. TI Nondestructive analysis of threading dislocations in GaN by electron channeling contrast imaging SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACES; GROWTH; LAYERS AB Threading dislocations in metal-organic chemical-vapor grown GaN films were imaged nondestructively by the electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) technique. Comparisons between ECCI and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy indicated that pure edge dislocations can be imaged in GaN by ECCI. Total threading dislocation densities were measured by ECCI for various GaN films on engineered 4H-SiC surfaces and ranged from 10(7) to 10(9) cm(-2). A comparison between the ultraviolet electroluminescent output measured at 380 nm and the total dislocation density as measured by ECCI revealed an inverse logarithmic dependence. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. OAI, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Sest Inc, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Picard, YN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yoosuf.picard@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; Picard, Yoosuf/0000-0002-2853-5213 NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 27 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 9 AR 094106 DI 10.1063/1.2777151 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 206AK UT WOS:000249156100152 ER PT J AU Basu, S Basu, S Rich, FJ Groves, KM MacKenzie, E Coker, C Sahai, Y Fagundes, PR Becker-Guedes, F AF Basu, S. Basu, Su. Rich, F. J. Groves, K. M. MacKenzie, E. Coker, C. Sahai, Y. Fagundes, P. R. Becker-Guedes, F. TI Response of the equatorial ionosphere at dusk to penetration electric fields during intense magnetic storms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPREAD-F; JULY 15; DISTURBANCE DYNAMO; LOW LATITUDES; REGION; DENSITY; DRIFTS; JICAMARCA; IONS AB We investigate the response of the equatorial ionosphere at dusk to the intense magnetic storms of 30 October 2003 and 20 November 2003, different aspects of which have been widely studied by the community. We present here a very complete set of space and ground-based diagnostics that provide the vertical and latitudinal structures of the ionosphere within the South Atlantic magnetic anomaly (SAMA) region and the contiguous parts of South America and Africa. We show that for both storms, the dusk sector corresponding to the universal time ( UT) interval between the fast decrease of the SYM-H index and minimum SYM-H value determines uniquely the longitude interval populated by equatorial plasma bubbles and depletions. Further, we find that the UT of these storms is such that the ionospheric density perturbations occur in the SAMA region, which are most extended in latitude and altitude compared with other regions of the globe. In the dusk sector, the eastward penetration electric field, associated with rapid SYM-H decrease, adds to the postsunset eastward E-field because of the F region dynamo, which may be specially enhanced in this longitude interval because of the increased zonal conductivity gradient caused by energetic particle precipitation. This enhanced E-field at dusk causes a rapid uplift of the ionosphere and sets off plasma instabilities to form bubbles or bite-outs. The decreased ion density seen in the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program ( DMSP) in situ data at 840 km indicates that the ionospheric plasma has been lifted above the DMSP altitude and transported away from the region by diffusion along magnetic field lines. Plasma bubbles and bite-outs impact satellite communication and navigation systems by introducing scintillations and steep density gradients. This paper corroborates that intense magnetic storms follow the framework, developed by Su. Basu et al. ( 2001) for moderate storms, that specifies the longitude interval in which such disturbances are most likely to occur. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Phys Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Univ Vale Paraiba, Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. RP Basu, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Phys Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM sbasu@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil RI Fagundes, Paulo/G-8758-2011; Sahai, Yogeshwar/C-4855-2012; Becker-Guedes, Fabio/M-6911-2015 NR 35 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 25 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A8 AR A08308 DI 10.1029/2006JA012192 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 204HR UT WOS:000249035100001 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Ivanou, LM Maryolina, TM AF Chu, Peter C. Ivanou, Leonid M. Maryolina, Tetyana M. TI On non-linear sensitivity of marine biological models to parameter variations SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE non-linear sensitivity analysis; Sobol'-Saltelli sensitivity indices; warping function; irreversible predictability time; biological model; black sea phytoplankton annual; cycle ID ECOSYSTEM MODEL; BLACK-SEA; DATA ASSIMILATION; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; OPTIMIZATION; PRODUCTIVITY; UNCERTAINTY; VARIABILITY; CYCLE AB Marine biological models are usually complex with many free parameters. Parameter prioritization (based on contribution to model output) is important for system management but difficult. A variance-based sensitivity analysis is developed in this paper using the Sobol'-Saltelli sensitivity indices, which measure the relative importance of each parameter (or group ofparameters) and range these parameters along their contribution to output variability. To reduce the number of degrees of freedom, the model output is decomposed using the warping functions or irreversible predictability time A simple three-component [nutrients p , phytoplankton and zooplankton (NPZ)] model with 23 parameters for reproducing annual phytoplankton cycle of the Black Sea is taken as the example to show the usefulness and procedure of the sensitivity analysis. Single and total sensitivity indices showed strong sensitivity of the biological model to the light limitation of the phytoplankton growth. This agrees well with physical intuition. However, ranging model parameters along their contributions to model output variability does not follow exactly the physical intuition when model-related errors from large perturbations of the parameters are not small. For example, the model output becomes very sensitive to the nutrient stock parameterization for certain combinations of the light-related factors. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Marine Hydrophys, Sevastopol, Ukraine. RP Maryolina, TM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM tmargoli@nps.edu NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD AUG 24 PY 2007 VL 206 IS 3-4 BP 369 EP 382 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.04.006 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 203WE UT WOS:000249003900012 ER PT J AU Clark, JL Caceres, CF Lescano, AG Konda, KA Leon, SR Jones, FR Kegeles, SM Klausner, JD Coates, TJ AF Clark, Jesse L. Caceres, Carlos F. Lescano, Andres G. Konda, Kelika A. Leon, Segundo R. Jones, Franca R. Kegeles, Susan M. Klausner, Jeffrey D. Coates, Thomas J. CA NIMH STD HIV Collaborative Prevent TI Prevalence of Same-Sex Sexual Behavior and Associated Characteristics among Low-Income Urban Males in Peru SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background. Peru has a concentrated HIV epidemic in which men who have sex with men are particularly vulnerable. We describe the lifetime prevalence of same-sex sexual contact and associated risk behaviors of men in Peru's general population, regardless of their sexual identity. Methods and Results. A probability sample of males from low-income households in three Peruvian cities completed an epidemiologic survey addressing their sexual risk behavior, including sex with other men. Serum was tested for HSV-2, HIV, and syphilis. Urine was tested for chlamydia and gonorrhea. A total of 2,271 18-30 year old men and women were contacted, of whom 1,645 (72.4%) agreed to participate in the study. Among the sexually experienced men surveyed, 15.2% (85/558, 95% CI: 12.2%-18.2%) reported a history of sex with other men. Men ever reporting sex with men (MESM) had a lower educational level, had greater numbers of sex partners, and were more likely to engage in risk behaviors including unprotected sex with casual partners, paying for or providing compensated sex, and using illegal drugs. MESM were also more likely to have had previous STI symptoms or a prior STI diagnosis, and had a greater prevalence of HSV-2 seropositivity. Conclusions. Many low-income Peruvian men have engaged in same-sex sexual contact and maintain greater behavioral and biological risk factors for HIV/STI transmission than non-MESM. Improved surveillance strategies for HIV and STIs among MESM are necessary to better understand the epidemiology of HIV in Latin America and to prevent its further spread. C1 [Clark, Jesse L.; Konda, Kelika A.; Coates, Thomas J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Caceres, Carlos F.; Leon, Segundo R.] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Unidad Salud Sexualidad & Desarrollo Humano, Lima, Peru. [Lescano, Andres G.] USN, Med Ctr Res Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Jones, Franca R.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kegeles, Susan M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Klausner, Jeffrey D.] San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. [NIMH STD HIV Collaborative Prevent] NIMH, Multisite Int Grp, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Clark, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jlclark@mednet.ucla.edu RI Lescano, Andres/B-8479-2008; OI Lescano, Andres/0000-0001-9779-633X; Caceres, Carlos/0000-0002-8101-0790 FU NIH/NIMH [U10 MH61536]; LP-CRADA [NM-04-1787] FX This study was funded by NIH/NIMH grant number U10 MH61536 which is a five-country Cooperative Agreement being conducted in China, India, Peru, Russia, and Zimbabwe. Each site has selected a different venue and population with which to implement the prevention program entitled Community Public Opinion Leader (C-POL) Intervention. This article is based on a pre-baseline study conducted in all the sites to prepare for initiation of the intervention. This study was partially supported by LP-CRADA NM-04-1787. The supporting institutions supervised design and execution of the study, including data collection, and approved the final version of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 22 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 8 AR e778 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000778 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10HO UT WOS:000207455300026 PM 17712426 ER PT J AU Badway, F Mansour, AN Pereira, N Al-Sharab, JF Cosandey, F Plitz, I Amatucci, GG AF Badway, F. Mansour, A. N. Pereira, N. Al-Sharab, J. F. Cosandey, F. Plitz, I. Amatucci, G. G. TI Structure and electrochemistry of copper fluoride nanocomposites utilizing mixed conducting matrices SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; METAL FLUORIDES; ELECTRODE; LITHIUM; BATTERIES; AMPLITUDE; STORAGE; WINXAS; EXAFS AB Near-theoretical utilization of high-energy-density CuF2 positive electrode materials for lithium batteries was enabled through the use of nanocomposites consisting of 2-30 nm domains of CuF2 within a mixed ionic + electronic conducting matrix of a metal oxide. Small but significant crystallographic changes to the core crystal of the CuF2 were found to occur in all oxide-based matrices. These modifications to the core crystal and the surrounding matrix were investigated through a host of characterization methods, including XRD, XPS, and XAS. This new approach to the enablement of the anhydrous CuF2 is distinctly superior in performance to that of macro CuF2 or CuF2 nanocomposites utilizing carbon as a matrix, the latter of which is also introduced herein for the first time. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Energy Storage Res Grp, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, New Brunswick, NJ 08902 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Syst & Mat Power & Protect Branch, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Amatucci, GG (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Energy Storage Res Grp, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, New Brunswick, NJ 08902 USA. EM gamatucc@rci.rutgers.edu NR 32 TC 86 Z9 91 U1 8 U2 90 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 17 BP 4129 EP 4141 DI 10.1021/cm070421g PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 199JQ UT WOS:000248692500008 ER PT J AU Sando, GM Berry, AD Owrutsky, JC AF Sando, Gerald M. Berry, Alan D. Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. TI Ultrafast studies of gold, nickel, and palladium nanorods SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; EXTRAORDINARY INFRARED TRANSMISSION; ELECTRON-PHONON RELAXATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; COHERENT EXCITATION; VIBRATIONAL-MODES; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; SUBWAVELENGTH APERTURES; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY AB Steady state and ultrafast transient absorption studies have been carried out for gold, nickel, and palladium high aspect ratio nanorods. For each metal, nanorods were fabricated by electrochemical deposition into similar to 6 mu m thick polycarbonate templates. Two nominal pore diameters(10 and 30 nm, resulting in nanorod diameters of about 40 and 60 nm, respectively) were used, yielding nanorods with high aspect ratios (>25). Static spectra of nanorods of all three metals reveal both a longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (SPRL) band in the mid-infrared as well as a transverse band in the visible for the gold and larger diameter nickel and palladium nanorods. The appearance of SPRL bands in the infrared for high aspect ratio metal nanorods and the trends in their maxima for the different aspect ratios and metals are consistent with calculations based on the Gans theory. For the gold and nickel samples, time resolved studies were performed with a subpicosecond resolution using 400 nm excitation and a wide range of probe wavelengths from the visible to the mid-IR as well as for infrared excitation (near 2000 cm(-1)) probed at 800 nm. The dynamics observed for nanorods of both metals and both diameters include transients due to electron-phonon coupling and impulsively excited coherent acoustic breathing mode oscillations, which are similar to those previously reported for spherical and smaller rod-shaped gold nanoparticles. The dynamics we observe are the same within the experimental uncertainty for 400 nm and infrared (5 mu m) excitation probed at 800 nm. The transient absorption using 400 nm excitation and 800 nm probe pulses of the palladium nanorods also reveal coherent acoustic oscillations. The results demonstrate that the dynamics for high aspect ratio metal nanorods are similar to those for smaller nanoparticles. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeff.owrutsky@nrl.navy.mil RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 93 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 8 U2 52 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 7 AR 074705 DI 10.1063/1.2756830 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 202MH UT WOS:000248905300026 PM 17718625 ER PT J AU Nedoluha, GE Alfred, J Benson, CM Hoppel, KW Wickert, J Koenig-Langlo, G AF Nedoluha, Gerald E. Alfred, Jerome Benson, Craig M. Hoppel, Karl W. Wickert, Jens Koenig-Langlo, Gert TI A comparison of radiosonde and GPS radio occultation measurements with meteorological temperature analyses in the Antarctic vortex, 1998-2004 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ART.; VALIDATION; PROFILES; OZONE; CHAMP AB We present comparisons between temperature measurements from sondes launched from South Pole Station and Neumayer Station with four meteorological analyses for the years 1998 - 2004. We also compare these meteorological analyses with inside-the-vortex GPS radio occultation measurements from the Challenging Minisatellite Payload ( CHAMP) instrument for 2001 - 2004. We use these comparisons to evaluate the interannual consistency of four meteorological analyses. We find that over the 1998 - 2004 period each of the four analyses showed at least one year-to-year jump in the average 1 June to 30 September bias of > 2.3 K when compared to the Neumayer and South Pole sondes at 30 hPa and 50 hPa. We find that while for the one nonoperational analysis ( the NCEP Reanalysis) the biases relative to sondes and GPS radio occultation measurements are often larger than for the operational analyses, the NCEP Reanalysis does show the best interannual consistency at 50 hPa. Having compared the meteorological analyses with measurements and with each other, we investigate whether the unusually high ozone at the top of the ozone hole (similar to 30 hPa) in 2003 can be understood in terms of unusually warm temperatures which would reduce the rate of chlorine activation and hence ozone destruction. We find that when bias corrections based on analysis-sonde comparisons are applied none of the meteorological analyses studied indicate that the winter of 2003 was warmer at 30 hPa than that of 1998 and 2000, years which did not show unusually high ozone at 30 hPa. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-2850 Bremerhaven, Germany. RP Nedoluha, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nedoluha@nrl.navy.mil RI Wickert, Jens/A-7257-2013; Konig-Langlo, Gert/K-5048-2012 OI Konig-Langlo, Gert/0000-0002-6100-4107 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D16 AR D16304 DI 10.1029/2007Jd008928 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 204FL UT WOS:000249029000007 ER PT J AU Phlips, BF Kub, FJ Novikova, EI Wulf, EA Fitzgerald, C AF Phlips, Bernard F. Kub, Francis J. Novikova, Elena I. Wulf, Eric A. Fitzgerald, Carrie TI Neutron detection using large area silicon detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Rediation Measurements and Applications CY MAY 23-26, 2006 CL Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI HO Univ Michigan DE silicon detector; neutron detector; thermal neutron; 3D detectors; SOI AB We present large-area silicon detectors for neutron detection. To detect neutrons, the silicon is coated with a thin reactive layer, such as B-10 or Li-6, which has a high probability of interacting with incident thermal neutrons. Each neutron interaction in the reactive layer results in an alpha particle to be detected by the semiconductor, plus a recoil nucleus. A large-area thermal neutron detector of this type was recently constructed at the Naval Research Laboratory by coating a 9.5 cm x 9.5 cm, 0. 5 mm thick silicon strip detector with a thin (1.5 mu m) layer of B-10. This device was used to detect the 1.47 and 1.78 MeV alpha particles that result from the interaction of incident thermal neutrons with B-10. The device also detected tritons when coated with (LiF)-Li-6. This has prompted the development of a custom large-area thermal neutron detector. This design is fabricated using Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) wafers, potentially enabling low-cost and high-volume manufacture of the detector arrays. Furthermore, the SOI technology allows for thinner (7 mu m) silicon layers that significantly reduce the instrument's sensitivity to gamma ray backgrounds. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Loyola Coll Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. RP Phlips, BF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM phlips@nrl.navy.mil RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012 NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 579 IS 1 BP 173 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.04.033 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 208VX UT WOS:000249348400044 ER PT J AU Novikova, EI Phlips, BF Wulf, EA AF Novikova, Elena I. Phlips, Bernard F. Wulf, Eric A. TI A gamma-ray background model for Monte Carlo simulations SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Rediation Measurements and Applications CY MAY 23-26, 2006 CL Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI HO Univ Michigan DE gamma-ray background; background radiation; Geant4; Monte Carlo; Compton imager AB We present here a gamma-ray background model for a typical urban environment. Such models are crucial for realistic evaluations of the sensitivity of nuclear detection systems. The model spectrum consists of a collection of lines and a continuum component. The details of the iterative approach used in the creation of the model are discussed. When the final model is used as the source spectrum emitted by the ground or the concrete walls surrounding a typical coaxial Ge detector, the simulated response of the detector matches the data observed in the field extremely well. The final emission spectrum is very precise, and contains features crucial in nuclear detection applications. The prominent K-40 line (1460.8 keV) is clearly seen, as well as the 2615 keV peak due to Tl-208 (thorium natural decay series). The lines of U-238 (1001.2 keV) and U-235 (185.7 keV) are also present. We find this spectrum to be a useful tool for estimating sensitivities in our Monte Carlo modeling of several nuclear detector setups. We offer this model to the community for unlimited use, in the form of a Geant4 class or as a table of 'intensity vs. energy' for use with other Monte Carlo packages. We also note that the iterative procedure described here can be used for the creation of other background spectra. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Novikova, EI (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM novikova@nrl.navy.mil RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 579 IS 1 BP 279 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.04.056 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 208VX UT WOS:000249348400070 ER PT J AU Kurfess, JD Novikova, EI Phlips, BF Wulf, EA AF Kurfess, James D. Novikova, Elena I. Phlips, Bernard F. Wulf, Eric A. TI Compton imager using room temperature silicon detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Rediation Measurements and Applications CY MAY 23-26, 2006 CL Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI HO Univ Michigan DE gamma ray imaging; Compton imager; silicon detectors ID TELESCOPE AB We have been developing a multi-layer Compton Gamma Ray Imager using position-sensitive, intrinsic silicon detectors. Advantages of this approach include room temperature operation, reduced Doppler broadening, and use of conventional silicon fabrication technologies. We have obtained results on the imaging performance of a multi-layer instrument where each layer consists of a 2 x 2 array of double-sided strip detectors. Each detector is 63 mm x 63 mm x 2 mm thick and has 64 strips providing a strip pitch of approximately 0.9 mm. The detectors were fabricated by SINTEF ICT (Oslo Norway) from 100 mm diameter wafers. The use of large arrays of silicon detectors appears especially advantageous for applications that require excellent sensitivity, spectral resolution and imaging such as gamma ray astrophysics, detection of special nuclear materials, and medical imaging. The multiple Compton interactions (three or more) in the low-Z silicon enable the energy and direction of the incident gamma ray to be determined without full deposition of the incident gamma-ray energy in the detector. The performance of large volume instruments for various applications are presented, including an instrument under consideration for NASA's Advanced Compton Telescope (ACT) mission and applications to Homeland Security. Technology developments that could further extend the sensitivity and performance of silicon Compton Imagers are presented, including the use of low-energy (few hundred keV) electron tracking within novel silicon detectors and the potential for a wafer-bonding approach to produce thicker, position-sensitive silicon detectors with an associated reduction of required electronics and instrument cost. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kurfess, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kurfess@nrl.navy.mil RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 579 IS 1 BP 367 EP 370 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.04.077 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 208VX UT WOS:000249348400090 ER PT J AU Wulf, EA Phlips, BF Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Novikova, EI O'Connor, P De Geronimo, G AF Wulf, Eric A. Phlips, Bernard F. Johnson, W. Neil Kurfess, James D. Novikova, Elena I. O'Connor, Paul De Geronimo, Gianluigi TI Compton imager for detection of special nuclear material SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Rediation Measurements and Applications CY MAY 23-26, 2006 CL Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI HO Univ Michigan DE gamma ray; Compton; silicon; SNM AB A Compton imager design for the detection of Special Nuclear Material (SNM), with specific focus on shielded Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) is presented. It is based on a large field-of-view Compton gamma-ray imager that uses 24 layers of 2 mm thick, position-sensitive (1.4mm strips) silicon detectors, designed for room-temperature operation, as a scatterer and a position-sensitive NaI scintillator array as the absorber. Each layer of silicon detectors consists of double-sided silicon strip detectors daisy chained in a 3 x 3 array with a total active area of 729 cm(2). The NaI detectors are 2.9 x 2.9 cm(2) and 7.6 cm thick and will cover the bottom and sides of the instrument. Simulations of an ASIC-based readout system show that an energy resolution of 4.5keV full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) at room temperature is attainable on each daisy-chained silicon strip assuming 35 pF of capacitance and 20 nA of leakage current. Full simulations of the current instrument design are shown and are demonstrated that it can detect 8 kg of shielded HEU at 2.5m in 1 min in a realistic gamma-ray background environment. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, High Energy Space Environm Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wulf, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, High Energy Space Environm Branch, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM eric.wulf@nrl.navy.mil RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 NR 6 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 579 IS 1 BP 371 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.04.085 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 208VX UT WOS:000249348400091 ER PT J AU Collins, G AF Collins, Gabriel TI China fills first SPR site, faces oil, pipeline issues SO OIL & GAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Collins, G (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74112 USA SN 0030-1388 J9 OIL GAS J JI Oil Gas J. PD AUG 20 PY 2007 VL 105 IS 31 BP 20 EP + PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 204QS UT WOS:000249059700003 ER PT J AU Nikas, SP Thakur, GA Parrish, D Alapafuja, SO Huestis, MA Makriyannis, A AF Nikas, Spyros P. Thakur, Ganesh A. Parrish, Damon Alapafuja, Shakiru O. Huestis, Marilyn A. Makriyannis, Alexandros TI A concise methodology for the synthesis of (-)-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and (-)-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin metabolites and their regiospecifically deuterated analogs SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article DE (-)-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol; (-)-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin ID CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS; TERPENIC SYNTHON; METHYL-ESTER; CANNABINOIDS; THC; ACID; TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL; CONFIRMATION; DERIVATIVES; OLIVETOL AB The availability of tetrahydrocannabinols (Delta(9)-THC), tetrahydrocannabivarins (Delta(9)-THCV), and their metabolites in both their undeuterated and deuterated forms is critical for the analysis of biological and toxicological samples. We report here a concise methodology for the syntheses of (-)-Delta(9)-THC and (-)-Delta(9)-THCV metabolites in significantly improved overall yields using commercially available starting materials. Our approach allowed us to obtain the key intermediates (6aR,10aR)-9-nor-9-oxo-hexahydrocannabinols in four steps from (+)-(1R)-nopinone. This was followed by an optimized Shapiro reaction to give the (-)-11-nor-9-carboxy-metabolites, which were converted to their respective (-)-11-hydroxy analogs. The synthetic sequence involves a minimum number of steps, avoids undesirable oxidative conditions, and incorporates the costly deuterated resorcinols near the end of the synthetic sequence. This methodology enabled us to synthesize eight regiospecifically deuterated (-)-Delta(9)-THC and (-)-Delta(9)-THCV metabolites in a preparative scale and high optical purity without deuterium scrambling or loss. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nikas, Spyros P.; Thakur, Ganesh A.; Alapafuja, Shakiru O.; Makriyannis, Alexandros] Northeastern Univ, Cent Drug Discovery, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Parrish, Damon] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Huestis, Marilyn A.] NIDA, NIH, Intramural Res Program, CPTR Branch,Chem & Drug Metab Sect, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Nikas, SP (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Cent Drug Discovery, 116 Mugar Life Sci Bldg,360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM s.nikas@neu.edu; a.makriyannis@neu.edu NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD AUG 20 PY 2007 VL 63 IS 34 BP 8112 EP 8123 DI 10.1016/j.tet.2007.06.006 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 247ML UT WOS:000252083800007 ER PT J AU Badescu, SC Robinson, JA Snow, ES Perkins, FK Reinecke, TL AF Badescu, S. C. Robinson, J. A. Snow, E. S. Perkins, F. K. Reinecke, T. L. TI COLL 6-Role of carbon nanotube defects in making highly sensitive, selective chemical sensors SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Badescu, S. C.; Robinson, J. A.; Snow, E. S.; Perkins, F. K.; Reinecke, T. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 6-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902322 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, PR Thivierge, D Fredette, A AF Bandyopadhyay, Promode R. Thivierge, Daniel Fredette, Albert TI Toward the naval applications of benthic microbial fuel cells SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bandyopadhyay, Promode R.; Thivierge, Daniel; Fredette, Albert] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous Syst & Technol Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM BandyopadhyayPR@Npt.NUWC.Navy.Mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 157-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593903729 ER PT J AU Clark, TD Rodriguez-Garcia, V Kulp, JL AF Clark, Thomas D. Rodriguez-Garcia, Valerie Kulp, John L., III TI ORGN 911-Beta-helical scaffolds from alternating D,L peptides: New variations on old structures SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Clark, Thomas D.; Rodriguez-Garcia, Valerie; Kulp, John L., III] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomas.clark@nrl.navy.mil; valerie.rodriguez-garcia@nrl.navy.mil; john.kulp@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 911-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12JA UT WOS:000207594300620 ER PT J AU Delehanty, JB Farrell, D Medintz, IL Mattoussi, H AF Delehanty, James B. Farrell, Dorothy Medintz, Igor L. Mattoussi, Hedi TI BIOT 218-Specific cellular delivery of quantum dot-peptide and quantum dot-polymer nanoassemblies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Delehanty, James B.; Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Farrell, Dorothy; Mattoussi, Hedi] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jbd@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; farrell@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; imedintz@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; hedimat@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 218-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593903120 ER PT J AU Demoranville, LT Knies, DL Cetina, C Mignerey, AC AF Demoranville, Leonard T. Knies, David L. Cetina, Catalina Mignerey, Alice C. TI A gas ionization detector with silicon nitride window for AMS applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Demoranville, Leonard T.; Mignerey, Alice C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Knies, David L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cetina, Catalina] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. EM ldemoran@umd.edu; knies@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; mignerey@umd.edu RI Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 30-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593904622 ER PT J AU Harper-Leatherman, AS Capecelatro, AN Rhodes, CP Long, JW Rolison, DR AF Harper-Leatherman, Amanda S. Capecelatro, Alex N. Rhodes, Christopher P. Long, Jeffrey W. Rolison, Debra R. TI INOR 429-Electron transfer from gold nanoparticle cores to cytochrome c in self-organized protein superstructures SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Harper-Leatherman, Amanda S.] Fairfield Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfield, CT 06824 USA. [Capecelatro, Alex N.; Rhodes, Christopher P.; Long, Jeffrey W.; Rolison, Debra R.] USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM aharper@mail.fairfield.edu; acaps@ucla.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 429-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593909271 ER PT J AU Irvin, D Stenger-Smith, JD Irvin, JA AF Irvin, David Stenger-Smith, John D. Irvin, Jennifer A. TI POLY 547-Electrochemical supercapacitors based on poly(xylyl viologen) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Irvin, David; Stenger-Smith, John D.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weap Div, Polymer Sci & Engn Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Irvin, Jennifer A.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weap Div, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM david.irvin@navy.mil; john.stenger-smith@navy.mil; irvinja@navair.navy.mil RI Irvin, Jennifer/C-7968-2013 OI Irvin, Jennifer/0000-0003-3500-8419 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 547-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593908507 ER PT J AU Kim, OK Pepitone, MF Melinger, JS Jernigan, GG Chung, SJ Lowy, D AF Kim, Oh-Kil Pepitone, Michael F. Melinger, Joseph S. Jernigan, Glenn G. Chung, Sungjae Lowy, Daniel TI POLY 565-Helix-mediated supramolecular device and self-assembly for efficient energy/electron transport SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kim, Oh-Kil; Pepitone, Michael F.; Chung, Sungjae] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, Oh-Kil; Pepitone, Michael F.; Melinger, Joseph S.; Jernigan, Glenn G.; Chung, Sungjae] USN, Res Lab, Inst Nanosci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Melinger, Joseph S.; Jernigan, Glenn G.] USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lowy, Daniel] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM oh.kim@nrl.navy.mil; michael.pepitone@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 565-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593908523 ER PT J AU Kulp, JL Clark, TD AF Kulp, John L., III Clark, Thomas D. TI ORGN 127-Beta-hairpin to beta-helix transition: Synthetic, structural, and mechanistic studies of a new abiotic peptide scaffold SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kulp, John L., III; Clark, Thomas D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.kulp@nrl.navy.mil; thomas.clark@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 127-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12JA UT WOS:000207594300570 ER PT J AU Lowy, D Tender, LM AF Lowy, Daniel Tender, Leonard M. TI FUEL 158-Importance of cathode size in microbial benthic fuel cells equipped with manganese anode SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lowy, Daniel] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Tender, Leonard M.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daniel.lowy@nrl.navy.mil; Leonard.Tender@NRL.NAVY.MIL NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 158-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593903702 ER PT J AU Lytle, JC Barrow, AJ Zimmerman, TN Saunders, MP Rhodes, CP Long, JW Pettigrew, KA Stroud, RM Rolison, DR AF Lytle, Justin C. Barrow, Amanda J. Zimmerman, Trevor N. Saunders, Matthew P. Rhodes, Christopher P. Long, Jeffrey W. Pettigrew, Katherine A. Stroud, Rhonda M. Rolison, Debra R. TI Thinking small: Composite nanoarchitectures for energy storage SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lytle, Justin C.; Barrow, Amanda J.; Zimmerman, Trevor N.; Saunders, Matthew P.; Rhodes, Christopher P.; Long, Jeffrey W.; Pettigrew, Katherine A.; Rolison, Debra R.] USN, Surface Chem Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stroud, Rhonda M.] USN, Mat & Sensors Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM justin.lytle@nrl.navy.mil; barrowa@union.edu; debra.rolison@nrl.navy.mil; debra.rolison@nrl.navy.mil; pettigrew@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 509-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902370 ER PT J AU Lytle, JC Barrow, AJ Zimmerman, TN Long, JW Rolison, DR AF Lytle, Justin C. Barrow, Amanda J. Zimmerman, Trevor N. Long, Jeffrey W. Rolison, Debra R. TI AEI 64-It really is a small world after all: The joys of fabricating and characterizing nanoarchitectured materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lytle, Justin C.; Barrow, Amanda J.; Zimmerman, Trevor N.; Long, Jeffrey W.; Rolison, Debra R.] USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM justin.lytle@nrl.navy.mil; barrowa@union.edu; debra.rolison@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 64-AEI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900046 ER PT J AU Moran, JS Koppes, W Oxley, JC AF Moran, Jesse S. Koppes, William Oxley, Jimmie C. TI Direct reduction of diazene linkages to hydrazo groups with hydrazine SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Oxley, Jimmie C.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Koppes, William] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM jmoran@chm.uri.edu; koppeswm@ih.navy.mil; joxley@chm.uri.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 474-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12JA UT WOS:000207594300838 ER PT J AU Mulvaney, SP Myers, KM Sheehan, PE Whitman, LJ AF Mulvaney, Shawn P. Myers, Kristina M. Sheehan, Paul E. Whitman, Lloyd J. TI COLL 113-Blending the micro- and nanoscale for attomolar toxin detection SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mulvaney, Shawn P.; Myers, Kristina M.; Sheehan, Paul E.; Whitman, Lloyd J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM shawn.mulvaney@nrl.navy.mil; psheehan@stm2.nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 113-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902110 ER PT J AU Newman, CID Copper, CL Lu, Q Collins, GE AF Newman, Carl I. D. Copper, Christine L. Lu, Qin Collins, Greg E. TI ANYL 21-Lab-on-a-chip analysis of chemical contaminants in beverages: Practical solutions to complex sample matrices SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Newman, Carl I. D.; Lu, Qin; Collins, Greg E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Copper, Christine L.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM newmancd@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; ccopper@usna.edu; qin@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; greg.collins@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 21-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593901308 ER PT J AU Nikas, SP Thakur, GA Parish, D Alapafuja, SO Huestis, MA Makriyannis, A AF Nikas, Spyros P. Thakur, Ganesh A. Parish, Damon Alapafuja, Shakiru O. Huestis, Marilyn A. Makriyannis, Alexandros TI Synthesis of (-)-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and (-)-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin metabolites and their regiospecifically deuterated analogs SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nikas, Spyros P.; Thakur, Ganesh A.; Alapafuja, Shakiru O.; Makriyannis, Alexandros] Northeastern Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Ctr Drug Discovery, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Parish, Damon] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Huestis, Marilyn A.] NIDA, Chem & Drug Metab Sect, CPTR Branch, Intramural Res Program,NIH, Baltimore, MD USA. EM spyridonnikas@yahoo.com; gathakur@gmail.com; Alapafuja@yahoo.com; a.makriyannis@neu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 31-MEDI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593906514 ER PT J AU Ratna, BR Blum, AS Soto, CM AF Ratna, Banahalli R. Blum, Amy Szuchmacher Soto, Carissa M. TI COLL 74-Self-assembled nanosensors using Cow Pea Mosaic Virus as a scaffold SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ratna, Banahalli R.; Blum, Amy Szuchmacher; Soto, Carissa M.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ratna@nrl.navy.mil; amyblum@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; cms@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 74-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902072 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Garcia, V Clark, TD AF Rodriguez-Garcia, Valerie Clark, Thomas D. TI ORGN 189-Design and preparation of peptide ion channels from ss-helical scaffolds for detection SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rodriguez-Garcia, Valerie; Clark, Thomas D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM valerie.rodriguez-garcia@nrl.navy.mil; thomas.clark@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 189-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12JA UT WOS:000207594300610 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Casalini, R AF Roland, C. Michael Casalini, Riccardo TI Dynamics of polycyclohexylmethacrylate, neat and in blends with poly-alpha-methylstyrene SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Roland, C. Michael; Casalini, Riccardo] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 502-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593905341 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Bogoslav, R Pathak, JA Twigg, JN Mott, PH AF Roland, C. Michael Bogoslav, Radoslav Pathak, Jai A. Twigg, Jeffrey N. Mott, Peter H. TI Mechanical response of rubber at high strain rates SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Roland, C. Michael; Bogoslav, Radoslav; Pathak, Jai A.; Twigg, Jeffrey N.; Mott, Peter H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 472-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593905342 ER PT J AU Schull, TL Pietron, JJ Garsany, Y Swider-Lyons, K Ramaker, DE Gatewood, DS Klug, CA Zelakiewicz, BS Dressick, WJ Stroud, RM AF Schull, Terence L. Pietron, Jeremy J. Garsany, Yannick Swider-Lyons, Karen Ramaker, David E. Gatewood, Daniel S. Klug, Christopher A. Zelakiewicz, Brian S. Dressick, Walter J. Stroud, Rhonda M. TI INOR 897-Ligand effects on platinum-oxygen bonding in triarylphosphine-stabilized platinum nanoparticle electrocatalysts SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Schull, Terence L.; Dressick, Walter J.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pietron, Jeremy J.; Swider-Lyons, Karen] USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Garsany, Yannick] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ramaker, David E.; Gatewood, Daniel S.] George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Zelakiewicz, Brian S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Stroud, Rhonda M.] USN, Res Lab, Mat & Sensors Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM schull@nrl.navy.mil; jpietron@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; yannick.garsany@nrl.navy.mil; karen.lyons@nrl.navy.mil; ramaker@gwu.edu; dsg82@gwu.edu; klug@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; wjd@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 897-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593909352 ER PT J AU Singh, A AF Singh, A. TI COLL 442-Multifunctional polymer support for the hydrolysis and removal of organophosphate compounds from aqueous medium SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Singh, A.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM asingh@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 442-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902435 ER PT J AU Son, KA Yang, BH Gallegos, M Liao, AN Prokopuk, N Moon, JS Yang, JW Khan, MA AF Son, Kyung-ah Yang, Baohua Gallegos, Manuel Liao, Anna Prokopuk, Nicholas Moon, Jeong S. Yang, Jinwei Khan, M. Asif TI COLL 75-Novel GaN-based chemical sensors for long-range chemical threat detection SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Son, Kyung-ah; Yang, Baohua; Gallegos, Manuel; Liao, Anna] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Yang, Jinwei; Khan, M. Asif] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Prokopuk, Nicholas] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Moon, Jeong S.] HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. EM kson@jpl.nasa.gov; Baohua.Yang@jpl.nasa.gov; manuel.gallegos@jpl.nasa.gov; aliao@jpl.nasa.gov; nicholas.prokopuk@navy.mil; jmoon@hrl.com; yangj@engr.sc.edu; asif@engr.sc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 75-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902261 ER PT J AU Susumu, K Medintz, IL Mattoussi, H AF Susumu, Kimihiro Medintz, Igor L. Mattoussi, Hedi TI COLL 356-Design of multifunctional surface ligands to enhance the biological activity of quantum dots SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Susumu, Kimihiro; Mattoussi, Hedi] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hedimat@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 356-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902346 ER PT J AU Trammell, SA Seferos, DS Moore, M Lowy, DA Bazan, GC Kushmerick, JG Lebedev, N AF Trammell, Scott A. Seferos, Dwight S. Moore, Martin Lowy, Daniel A. Bazan, Guillermo C. Kushmerick, James G. Lebedev, Nikolai TI ANYL 451-Rapid proton-coupled electron-transfer of hydroquinone through de-localized bridges: Implications for bioelectronic device applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Trammell, Scott A.; Moore, Martin; Lebedev, Nikolai] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Seferos, Dwight S.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Seferos, Dwight S.] Northwestern Univ, Int Inst Nanotechnol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Lowy, Daniel A.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Bazan, Guillermo C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kushmerick, James G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM trammell@nrl.navy.mil; james.kushmerick@nist.gov RI Bazan, Guillermo/B-7625-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 451-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593901277 ER PT J AU Van Linn, ML Forsterling, FH Ver Haag, MP Deschamps, JR Cook, JM AF Van Linn, Michael L. Foersterling, F. Holger Ver Haag, Michael P. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Cook, James M. TI ORGN 510-Linear free energy relationship of the cis to trans epimerization of substituted 1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carbolines SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Van Linn, Michael L.; Foersterling, F. Holger; Ver Haag, Michael P.; Cook, James M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] Naval Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mvanlinn@uwm.edu; verhaag@uwm.edu; capncook@uwm.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 510-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12JA UT WOS:000207594300197 ER PT J AU Li, YF Poole, S Rasulova, F McVeigh, AL Savarino, SJ Xia, D AF Li, Yong-Fu Poole, Steven Rasulova, Fatima McVeigh, Annette L. Savarino, Stephen J. Xia, Di TI Receptor-binding site as revealed by the crystal structure of CfaE, the colonization factor antigen I fimbrial adhesin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FIMH ADHESIN; CS1 PILI; ERYTHROCYTE RECEPTOR; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; PROTEIN STRUCTURES; DIARRHEA; CHILDREN; ARCHITECTURE; BIOGENESIS; RESOLUTION AB CfaE is the minor, tip-localized adhesive subunit of colonization factor antigen I fimbriae (CFA/I) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and is thought to be essential for the attachment of enterotoxigenic E. coli to the human small intestine early in diarrhea pathogenesis. The crystal structure of an in cis donor strand complemented CfaE was determined, providing the first atomic view of a fimbrial subunit assembled by the alternate chaperone pathway. The in cis donor strand complemented variant of CfaE structure consists of an N-terminal adhesin domain and a C-terminal pilin domain of similar size, each featuring a variable immunoglobulin-like fold. Extensive interactions exist between the two domains and appear to rigidify the molecule. The upper surface of the adhesin domain distal to the pilin domain reveals a depression consisting of conserved residues including Arg(181), previously shown to be necessary for erythrocyte adhesion. Mutational analysis revealed a cluster of conserved, positively charged residues that are required for CFA/I-mediated hemagglutination, implicating this as the receptor-binding pocket. Mutations in a few subclass-specific residues that surround the cluster displayed differential effects on the two red cell species used in hemagglutination, suggesting that these residues play a role in host or cell specificity. The C-terminal donor strand derived from the major subunit CfaB is folded as a beta-strand and fits into a hydrophobic groove in the pilin domain to complete the immunoglobulin fold. The location of this well ordered donor strand suggests the positioning and orientation of the subjacent major fimbrial subunit CfaB in the native assembly of CFA/I fimbriae. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter DIs Dept, Infect Dis Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Cell Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Savarino, SJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter DIs Dept, Infect Dis Directorate, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Silver Spring, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM savarinos@nmrc.navy.mil; dixia@helix.nih.gov RI Savarino, Stephen/A-8030-2011 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 59 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD AUG 17 PY 2007 VL 282 IS 33 BP 23970 EP 23980 DI 10.1074/jbc.M700921200 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 199HK UT WOS:000248686600023 PM 17569668 ER PT J AU Xu, XD Sun, B Berman, PR Steel, DG Bracker, AS Gammon, D Sham, LJ AF Xu, Xiaodong Sun, Bo Berman, Paul R. Steel, Duncan G. Bracker, Allan S. Gammon, Dan Sham, L. J. TI Coherent optical spectroscopy of a strongly driven quantum dot SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM; ABSORPTION; RESONANCE; EMISSION; CAVITY AB Quantum dots are typically formed from large groupings of atoms and thus may be expected to have appreciable many-body behavior under intense optical excitation. Nonetheless, they are known to exhibit discrete energy levels due to quantum confinement effects. We show that, like single-atom or single-molecule two- and three-level quantum systems, single semiconductor quantum dots can also exhibit interference phenomena when driven simultaneously by two optical fields. Probe absorption spectra are obtained that exhibit Autler-Townes splitting when the optical fields drive coupled transitions and complex Mollow-related structure, including gain without population inversion, when they drive the same transition. Our results open the way for the demonstration of numerous quantum level-based applications, such as quantum dot lasers, optical modulators, and quantum logic devices. C1 Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Steel, DG (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dst@umich.edu RI xu, xiaodong/C-4316-2008; OI Sham, Lu/0000-0001-5718-2077 NR 29 TC 230 Z9 235 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 17 PY 2007 VL 317 IS 5840 BP 929 EP 932 DI 10.1126/science.1142979 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 200RJ UT WOS:000248780200034 PM 17702938 ER PT J AU Giordano, BC Newman, CID Federowicz, PM Collins, GE Burgi, DS AF Giordano, Braden C. Newman, Carl I. D. Federowicz, Philip M. Collins, Greg E. Burgi, Dean S. TI Micelle stacking in micellar electrokinetic chromatography SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REVERSE MIGRATING MICELLES; ENHANCED SAMPLE INJECTION; HIGH-SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; NEUTRAL ANALYTES; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; ONLINE CONCENTRATION; PRECONCENTRATION; CYCLODEXTRIN; STRATEGIES; MATRICES AB In order to understand the role of stacked micelles in sample preconcentration, it is necessary to understand the factors that contribute to the micelle stacking phenomenon. Various MEKC background electrolyte (BGE) solutions were prepared in the presence of Sudan III in order to monitor the micelle stacking phenomenon in the anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium cholate micelle systems. The data show that micelle stacking is a dynamic process that is strongly dependent upon the relative conductivities of the sample matrix and BGE, the relative column length of the sample plug, and the mobilities of the ions involved in the stacking process regardless of electric field conditions (i.e., field-amplified stacking, sweeping, or high-salt stacking). Conditions under which micelle stacking can be expected to occur are presented, and the extent of micelle stacking is quantified. The micelle stacking phenomenon is correlated to the separation performance of a series of neutral alkaloids. It is shown that neutral analytes migrate rapidly through the evolving stacked micelle region in the initial moments of the separation. As a consequence of this transient interaction, analytes with small retention factors spend less time in the stacked micelle region and experience lower stacked micelle concentrations than analytes with large retention factors that spend more time in the growing stacked micelle region. It is also demonstrated that the extent of analyte enrichment generally increases with injection length, by facilitating greater interaction time with stacked micelles; however, enrichment will eventually plateau with increasing injection length as a function of an analyte's affinity for the micelle. Finally, it is shown that, in contrast to conventional wisdom, a range of long injection plugs exist where separation efficiency can be dramatically improved due to analyte interaction with an actively growing stacked micelle region. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Dbqp, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6112, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM greg.collins@nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 16 BP 6287 EP 6294 DI 10.1021/ac0701987 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 203SC UT WOS:000248993300030 PM 17636879 ER PT J AU Dobano, C Rogers, WO Gowda, K Doolan, DL AF Dobano, Carlota Rogers, William O. Gowda, Kalpana Doolan, Denise L. TI Targeting antigen to MHC class I and class II antigen presentation pathways for malaria DNA vaccines SO IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE plasmodium yoelii; malaria; DNA vaccines; PyHEP17; PyCSP; ubiquitin; LAMP; MHC; antigen targeting; antibody responses; T cell responses ID N-END RULE; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; HEPATOCYTE ERYTHROCYTE PROTEIN; SHORT-LIVED PROTEIN; PLASMODIUM-YOELII; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; CELL MEMORY; ANTIVIRAL PROTECTION; INFECTED HEPATOCYTES AB An effective malaria vaccine which protects against all stages of Plasmodium infection may need to elicit robust CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell and antibody responses. To achieve this, we have investigated strategies designed to improve the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines encoding the Plasmodium yoelii pre-erythrocytic stage antigens PyCSP and PyHEP17, by targeting the encoded proteins to the MHC Classes I and II processing and presentation pathways. For enhancement of CD8(+) T cell responses, we targeted the antigens for degradation by the ubiquitin (Ub)/proteosome pathway following the N-terminal rule. We constructed plasmids containing PyCSP or PyHEP17 genes fused to the Ub gene: plasmids where the N-terminal antigen residues were mutated from the stabilizing amino acid methionine to destabilizing arginine, plasmids where the C-terminal residues of Ub were mutated from glycine to alanine, and plasmids in which the potential hydrophobic leader sequences of the antigens were deleted. For enhancement of CD4(+) T cell and antibody responses, we targeted the antigens for degradation by the endosomal/lysosomal pathway by linking the antigen to the lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP). We found that immunization with DNA vaccine encoding PyHEP17 fused to Ub and bearing arginine induced higher IFN-gamma, cytotoxic and proliferative T cell responses than unmodified vaccines. However, no effect was seen for PyCSP using the same targeting strategies. Regarding Class II antigen targeting, fusion to LAMP did not enhance antibody responses to either PyHEP17 or PyCSP, and resulted in a marginal increase in lymphoproliferative CD4(+) T cell responses. Our data highlight the antigen dependence of immune enhancement strategies that target antigen to the MHC Class I and II pathways for vaccine development. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Dobano, C (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, CRESIB, Hosp Clin Barcelona, IDIBAPS, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain. EM cdobano@clinic.ub.es RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015; OI Dobano Lazaro, Carlota/0000-0002-6751-4060 NR 57 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2478 J9 IMMUNOL LETT JI Immunol. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 2 BP 92 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.05.007 PG 11 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 210MQ UT WOS:000249460700004 PM 17604849 ER PT J AU Yu, HY Pande, CS AF Yu, H. Y. Pande, C. S. TI Axisymmetric nuclei of strain and their applications for multilayered solids SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE elastic singularity; point defects; dislocation loops; multilayered materials; thin films ID DISLOCATION-LIKE MODEL; SURFACE-LAYER; IMPERFECT INTERFACES; EDGE DISLOCATION; SLIDING INTERFACE; GREENS-FUNCTIONS; ELASTIC FIELDS; LOAD-TRANSFER; POINT-DEFECT; HALF-SPACES AB In this paper, the effect of several axisymmetric elastic singularities (i.e., point forces, double forces, sum of two double forces and centers of dilatation) on the elastic response of a multilayered solid is investigated. The boundary conditions in an infinite solid at the plane passing through the singularity are derived first using Papkovich-Neuber harmonic functions. Then, a Green's function solution for multilayered solids is obtained by solving a set of simultaneous linear algebraic equations using both the boundary conditions for the singularity and the layer interfaces. Finally, the elastic solutions in a single layer on an infinite substrate due to point defects and infinitesimal prismatic dislocation loops are presented to illustrate the application of these Green's function solutions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yu, HY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yuh@anvil.nri.navy.mil NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 17 BP 5665 EP 5679 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2007.01.023 PG 15 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 202CK UT WOS:000248879300015 ER PT J AU Venn-Watson, S Jensen, ED Ridgway, SH AF Venn-Watson, Stephanie Jensen, Eric D. Ridgway, Sam H. TI Effects of age and sex on clinicopathologic reference ranges in a healthy managed Atlantic bottlenose dolphin population SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID REFERENCE INTERVALS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; BIGHORN SHEEP; HEMATOLOGY; VALUES; CETACEANS AB Objective-To establish reference ranges for hematologic and serum biochemical variables in healthy Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) of known age and sex that were housed in open ocean water. Design-Original study. Sample Population-1,113 blood samples collected from 52 healthy bottlenose dolphins housed in open ocean water during 1998 to 2005. Procedures-Data obtained from analyses of blood samples that had been collected for routine purposes from dolphins were analyzed with respect to sex and age of the dolphins. Each dolphin was categorized into 1 of 4 groups 1 to 5 years (calf), > 5 to 10 years (juvenile), > 10 to 30 years (adult), or > 30 years (geriatric). Retrospective ANCOVA was performed for 30 hematologic and serum biochemical variables, with age and sex as cofactors. Results-Among healthy bottlenose dolphins, age and sex significantly affected 23 of 30 (76.7%) and 11 of 30 (36.7%) hematologic and serum biochemical variables, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results indicated that age and sex significantly affected clinicopathologic reference ranges in our healthy bottlenose dolphin population. When assessing clinicopathologic variables in bottlenose dolphins, age and sex should be taken into consideration. The data obtained suggested reference ranges for healthy managed bottlenose dolphin populations housed in open ocean water by age and sex. C1 USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Venn-Watson, S (reprint author), USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, 53560 Hull St Code 2351, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 24 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 231 IS 4 BP 596 EP 601 DI 10.2460/javma.231.4.596 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 198RV UT WOS:000248646100019 PM 17696863 ER PT J AU Fuller, MD Swaminathan, S Zhilyaev, AP McNelley, TR AF Fuller, M. D. Swaminathan, S. Zhilyaev, A. P. McNelley, T. R. TI Microstructural transformations and mechanical properties of cast NiAl bronze: Effects of fusion welding and friction stir processing SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Processing and Mechanical Response of Engineering Materials held at the 2006 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 12-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP TMS DE NiAl bronze; transformations; welding; friction stir processing; microstructure-mechanical property relationships ID STRAIN RATE SUPERPLASTICITY; NICKEL-ALUMINUM BRONZE; ALLOY; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; PARAMETERS; BEHAVIOR; TEXTURE AB A plate of as-cast NiAl bronze (NAB) material was sectioned from a large casting. A six-pass fusion weld overlay was placed in a machined groove; a portion of the weld reinforcement was removed by milling and a single friction stir processing (FSP) pass was conducted in a direction transverse to the axis of and over the weld overlay. A procedure was developed for machining of miniature tensile samples and the distributions of strength and ductility were evaluated for the fusion weld metal; for the stir zone (SZ) produced by the friction stir processing; and for a region wherein friction stir processing had taken place over the fusion weld. A region of low ductility in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of the fusion weld and in the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) of friction stir processed material was attributed to partial reversion of an equilibrium lamellar eutectoid constituent upon local heating above similar to 800 degrees C and formation of non-equilibrium transformation products upon subsequent cooling. The adverse effect on ductility is worse in the heat affected zone of the fusion weld than in the thermomechanically affected zone of friction stir processing due to the lower heat input of the latter process. The implications of this work to engineering applications of friction stir processing are discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McNelley, TR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tmenelley@nps.edu RI Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010; OI Zhilyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1902-8703 NR 24 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 463 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 128 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.07.157 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 182YA UT WOS:000247538700021 ER PT J AU Keen, TR Rogers, WE Dykes, J Kaihatu, JM Holland, KT AF Keen, T. R. Rogers, W. E. Dykes, J. Kaihatu, J. M. Holland, K. T. TI Determining heterogeneous bottom friction distributions using a numerical wave model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION; PART I; NEARSHORE; UNCERTAINTY; EVOLUTION; BREAKING; RADAR; SHELF; BEACH AB This paper describes a method for estimating spatially variable bottom roughness lengths (k(b)) in friction-dominated coastal regions where dense measurements of the significant wave height are available. The method utilizes a numerical wave model to calculate wavefields. The model-predicted significant wave height is compared to a control simulation with a known k(b) field, which is a proxy for measured wave heights. The error is used in combination with an influence matrix to successively correct the bottom roughness field. This predictor-corrector calculation is completed in a series of analysis cycles. The method is demonstrated in an idealized basin with different k(b) distributions. The test cases simulate swell propagating over a sloping beach. The original k(b) fields are recovered in a reasonable number of analysis cycles but the method is limited by the influence of bottom friction on the wave height. The inversion is shown to be robust in the presence of errors in the measured wavefield as well as random bathymetry errors. However, the inversion fails if bathymetry errors are large and/or systematic because the friction error is not substantially greater than the error from bathymetry, which is also a key parameter for calculating the wave height. Thus it is important to select parameters and variables that have well-defined dependencies in the numerical wave model for this procedure to be effective. C1 Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Naval Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Keen, TR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM keen@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011; Kaihatu, James/H-7561-2016 OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097; Kaihatu, James/0000-0002-9277-6409 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 11 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C8 AR C08008 DI 10.1029/2005JC003309 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 202AS UT WOS:000248874500001 ER PT J AU Helmboldt, JF AF Helmboldt, J. F. TI The HI content of elliptical and lenticular galaxies withrecent star formation SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : ISM; galaxies : starburst ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; E+A-GALAXIES; CLUSTERS; EVOLUTION; ORIGIN; POPULATION; SAMPLE; INFALL; MASS AB As a first step towards constraining the efficiency of the star formation episodes that lead to elliptical (E) and lenticular (S0) K+ A galaxies, a survey for HI within a sample of E and S0 K+ A galaxies and their likely progenitors (i. e. actively star- forming E and S0 galaxies) has been conducted with the NRAO Green Bank Telescope ( GBT). The sample was taken from a larger parent sample drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Here, the GBT data and initial results are discussed. Over half (19 out of 30) of all observed galaxies have detectable 21-cm emission. It was found that both the K+ A and star-forming early-type (SFE) galaxies were on average more gas poor than disc galaxies at the same luminosity while being more gas rich than more typical E and S0 galaxies with detected 21-cm emission. The gas richness of K+ A galaxies appears to be similar to that of SFE galaxies. The star formation rates and estimated star formation time-scales of the SFE galaxies imply that they are capable of only marginally changing their atomic hydrogen content. Follow- up observations are required to explore these same issues in terms of molecular gas, which is more likely to actively participate in the star formation process. Kinematic data for the HI gas, the warm ionized gas, and the stars within the galaxies combined with the SDSS g- and i-band surface brightness profiles imply that the atomic hydrogen is most likely spatially coincident with the star- forming regions within similar to 1 kpc of the galaxies' centres. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Helmboldt, JF (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joe.helmboldt@nrl.navy.mil RI Helmboldt, Joseph/C-8105-2012 NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 11 PY 2007 VL 379 IS 3 BP 1227 EP 1236 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12022.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 209GO UT WOS:000249377200036 ER PT J AU Boboltz, DA Marvel, KB AF Boboltz, David A. Marvel, Kevin B. TI Water maser kinematics in the jet of OH 12.8-0.9 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; masers; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : individual (OH 12.8-0.9); stars : mass loss ID OH IR STARS; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; PROPER MOTIONS; CLASSIFICATION; EMISSION; SPECTRA; RADIO AB We present Very Long Baseline Array observations of the kinematics of the water masers associated with OH 12.8-0.9, the fourth member of the so-called water-fountain class of sources. We find that the masers occupy two distinct regions at the ends of a bipolar jetlike structure oriented north-south, with the blueshifted masers located to the north and the redshifted masers to the south. The masers are distributed along arclike structures 12-20 mas across that are oriented perpendicular to the separation axis with an angular separation of similar to 110 mas on the sky. Our multiepoch observations show the two maser arcs to be expanding away from each other along the axis of separation. The relative proper motions of the two maser regions is 2.7 mas yr(-1) (similar to 105 km s(-1) at the assumed distance of 8 kpc). The measured radial velocity difference between the northern blueshifted masers and the southern redshifted masers is 48.4 km s(-1). The radial velocity, when combined with the proper motion, yields a three-dimensional expansion velocity of 58 km s(-1) and an inclination angle of 24 degrees for the jet. By combining our radial velocities with historical values, we estimate the three-dimensional acceleration of the masers to be similar to 0.63km s(-1) yr(-1) and a dynamical age for the collimated outflow of similar to 90 yr. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. American Astron Soc, Washington, DC 20009 USA. RP Boboltz, DA (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachussetts Ave, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM dboboltz@usno.navy.mil; marvel@aas.org OI Marvel, Kevin/0000-0002-3972-8790 NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2007 VL 665 IS 1 BP 680 EP 689 DI 10.1086/519067 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DF UT WOS:000248675700050 ER PT J AU Bradford, SF AF Bradford, Scott F. TI Effect of vertical grid variability on a free surface flow model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE Navier-Stokes equations; numerical models; flow simulation; wave propagation ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; NONUNIFORM GRIDS; NET DIFFUSIVITY; DYNAMICS; WAVE; STABILITY; ADVECTION; FLUID; ZONE AB A previously developed numerical model that solves the incompressible, non-hydrostatic, Navier-Stokes equations for free surface flow is analysed on a non-uniform vertical grid. The equations are vertically transformed to the sigma-coordinate system and solved in a fractional step manner in which the pressure is computed implicitly by correcting the hydrostatic flow field to be divergence free. Numerical consistency, accuracy and efficiency are assessed with analytical methods and numerical experiments for a varying vertical grid discretization. Specific discretizations are proposed that attain greater accuracy and minimize computational effort when compared to a uniform vertical discretization. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Image Sci & Applicat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bradford, SF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Image Sci & Applicat Branch, Code 7261,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Scott.Bradford@nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD AUG 10 PY 2007 VL 54 IS 10 BP 1173 EP 1199 DI 10.1002/fld.1421 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 192ZM UT WOS:000248242700002 ER PT J AU Yayon, Y Brar, VW Senapati, L Erwin, SC Crommie, MF AF Yayon, Y. Brar, V. W. Senapati, L. Erwin, S. C. Crommie, M. F. TI Observing spin polarization of individual magnetic adatoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE; SPECTROSCOPY; ATOM; MICROSCOPY; RESONANCE; COBALT AB We have used spin-polarized scanning tunneling spectroscopy to observe the spin polarization state of individual Fe and Cr atoms adsorbed onto Co nanoislands. These magnetic adatoms exhibit stationary out-of-plane spin polarization, but have opposite sign of the exchange coupling between electron states of the adatom and the Co island surface state: Fe adatoms exhibit parallel spin polarization to the Co surface state while Cr adatoms exhibit antiparallel spin polarization. First-principles calculations predict ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic alignment of the spin moment for individual Fe and Cr adatoms on a Co film, respectively, implying negative spin polarization for Fe and Cr adatoms over the energy range of the Co surface state. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yayon, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009 NR 26 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 10 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 6 AR 067202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.067202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 198YZ UT WOS:000248664700059 PM 17930864 ER PT J AU Hepburn, MJ Dyson, EH Simpson, AJH Brenneman, KE Bailey, N Wilkinson, L Hornby, R Mateczun, AJ Bell, MG Baillie, LWJ AF Hepburn, Matthew J. Dyson, E. Hugh Simpson, Andrew J. H. Brenneman, Karen E. Bailey, Nicola Wilkinson, Lucy Hornby, Rebecca Mateczun, Alfred J. Bell, Matthew G. Baillie, Leslie W. J. TI Immune response to two different dosing schedules of the anthrax vaccine precipitated (AVP) vaccine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE anthrax vaccine precipitated (AVP); anti-protective antigen antibodies; immune response ID IN-VITRO CORRELATE; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; BIOLOGICAL WEAPON; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; DNA VACCINES; ANTIBODIES; TOXIN; HUMANS AB A pilot study compared the immune response of regular (0, 3, 6, 32 weeks) and extended (0, 10, 13, 32 weeks) schedules of the UK anthrax vaccine (anthrax vaccine precipitated, AVP). Concentrations of antibodies to protective antigen (PA) were higher (p < 0.05) among recipients of the extended (n = 7) versus regular schedule (n = 6) at week 32, and 2 weeks after the second and third vaccinations. Toxin neutralisation assay levels and anti-lethal factor antibodies followed patterns similar to anti-PA antibodies. Extending the interval between the first two AVP vaccinations may produce a stronger immune response, but persistence of this effect needs further study. Crown Copyright (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Def Sci & Technol Lab, Dept Biomed Sci, Porton Down SP4 0JQ, Wilts, England. UCL Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, Dept Med Microbiol, London, England. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD USA. Cardiff Univ, Welsh Sch Pharm, Cardiff, Wales. RP Hepburn, MJ (reprint author), Def Sci & Technol Lab, Dept Biomed Sci, Bldg 245,Room 10, Porton Down SP4 0JQ, Wilts, England. EM mjhepburn@mail.dstl.gov.uk OI Baillie, Les/0000-0002-8186-223X NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 10 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 32 BP 6089 EP 6097 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.05.018 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 202MM UT WOS:000248905800016 PM 17604880 ER PT J AU Hiebel, AC Lee, YS Bilsky, E Giuvelis, D Deschamps, JR Parrish, DA Aceto, MD May, EL Harris, LS Coop, A Dersch, CM Partilla, JS Rothman, RB Cheng, KJ Jacobson, AE Rice, KC AF Hiebel, Anne-Cecile Lee, Yong Sok Bilsky, Edward Giuvelis, Denise Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Parrish, Darnon A. Aceto, Mario D. May, Everette L. Harris, Louis S. Coop, Andrew Dersch, Christina M. Partilla, John S. Rothman, Richard B. Cheng, Kejun Jacobson, Arthur E. Rice, Kenner C. TI Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. 34. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a potent mu-agonist delta-antagonist and an exceedingly potent Antinociceptive in the enantiomeric C9-substituted 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-phenylethylmorphan series SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OPIOID PEPTIDE RECEPTOR; PROTON-TRANSFER; SCHIFF-BASE; BACTERIORHODOPSIN; MORPHINE; LIGANDS; ANALOGS; PROTEIN AB Both of the enantiomers of 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-phenylethylmorphan with C9 alpha-methyl, C9-methylene, C9-keto, and C9 alpha- and C9 beta-hydroxy substituents were synthesized and pharmacologically evaluated. Three of the 10 compounds, (1R,5R,9S)-(-)-9-hydroxy-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl-2-phenylethyl-2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane ((1R,5R,9S)-(-)-10), (1R,5S)-(+)-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-9-methylene-2-phenethyl-2-azabicyclo[3.3. I]nonane ((IR,5S)-(+)-14), and (IR,5S,9R)-(-)-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-9-methyl-2-phenethyl-2-azabicyclo-[3.3. I]nonane ((lR,5S,9R)-(+)-15) had subnanomolar affinity at mu-opioid receptors (K(i) = 0.19, 0.19, and 0.63 nM, respectively). The (1R,5S)-(+)-14 was found to be a mu-opioid agonist and a mu-, delta-, and kappa-antagonist in [35S]GTP-gamma-S assays and was approximately 50 times more potent than morphine in a number of acute and subchronic pain assays, including thermal and visceral models of nociception. The (I R,5R,9S)-(-)-10 compound with a C9-hydroxy substituent axially oriented to the piperidine ring (C9 beta-hydroxy) was a mu-agonist about 500 times more potent than morphine. In the single-dose suppression assay, it was greater than 1000 times more potent than morphine. It is the most potent known phenylmorphan antinociceptive. The molecular structures of these compounds were energy minimized with density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31G* level and then overlaid onto (IR,5R,9S)-(-)-10 using the heavy atoms in the morphan moiety as a common docking point. Based on modeling, the spatial arrangement of the protonated nitrogen atom and the 9 beta-OH substituent in (lR,5R,9S)-(-)-10 may facilitate the alignment of a putative water chain enabling proton transfer to a nearby proton acceptor group in the,mu-opioid receptor. C1 Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Chem Biol Res Branch, Drug Design & Synth Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Ctr Mol Modeling, Div Computat Biosci, Ctr Informat Technol,DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ New England, Coll Osteopath Med, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Clin Psychopharmacol Sect, Addict Res Ctr, NIH,DHHS, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Rice, KC (reprint author), Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Drug Design & Synth Sect, Chem Biol Res Branch, NIH,DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM kr21f@nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIDA NIH HHS [K02 DA 19634, K02 DA019634, K02 DA019634-01] NR 39 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD AUG 9 PY 2007 VL 50 IS 16 BP 3765 EP 3776 DI 10.1021/jm061325e PG 12 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 196JK UT WOS:000248477300002 PM 17625813 ER PT J AU Sapsford, KE Pons, T Medintz, IL Higashiya, S Brunel, FM Dawson, PE Mattoussi, H AF Sapsford, Kim E. Pons, Thomas Medintz, Igor L. Higashiya, Seiichiro Brunel, Florence M. Dawson, Philip E. Mattoussi, Hedi TI Kinetics of metal-affinity driven self-assembly between proteins or peptides and CdSe-ZnS quantum dots SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; TAGGED PROTEINS; PURIFICATION; BINDING; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; CHEMISTRY; DONORS; SENSOR; CELLS AB We present a molecular characterization of metal-affinity driven self-assembly between CdSe-ZnS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) and a series of proteins and peptides appended with various length polyhistidine tags. In particular, we investigated the kinetics of self-assembly between surface-immobilized QDs and proteins/peptides under flow conditions, as well as between freely diffusing QDs and proteins/peptides (solution phase). In the first configuration, QDs were immobilized onto functionalized substrates and then exposed to dye-labeled peptides/proteins. Using evanescent wave excitation, we assessed self-assembly by monitoring the time-dependent changes in the dye fluorescence. In solution, the kinetics of self-assembly was monitored via energy transfer between QDs and dye-labeled proteins/peptides. These measurements allowed determination of the kinetic parameters, including the association and dissociation rates (k(on) and k(off)) and the apparent binding constant (K-d). We find that self-assembly is rapid with an equilibrium constant K-d(-1) approximate to 1 nM for solution self-assembly, confirming that metal-affinity interactions provide QD bioconjugates that are functional and stable. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Chem, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hedi.mattoussi@nrl.navy.mil RI Pons, Thomas/A-8667-2008 OI Pons, Thomas/0000-0001-8800-4302 NR 42 TC 191 Z9 195 U1 6 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 9 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 31 BP 11528 EP 11538 DI 10.1021/jp073550t PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 196LF UT WOS:000248482300005 ER PT J AU Petrov, GM Giuliani, JL Apruzese, JP Dasgupta, A Petrova, T Bartschat, K Rose, D AF Petrov, G. M. Giuliani, J. L. Apruzese, J. P. Dasgupta, A. Petrova, Tz Bartschat, K. Rose, D. TI Electron kinetics of the e-beam pumped Ar-Xe laser SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC XENON-LASER; IMPACT EXCITATION; ENERGY DEPOSITION; CROSS-SECTIONS; KRF AMPLIFIER; OPTIMIZATION; IONIZATION; MIXTURES AB Extensive electron collision data for Ar and Xe are assembled and employed to study the e-beam deposition in this noble gas mixture for application to the Ar-Xe laser. Nineteen states of Xe and thirteen of Ar are used for the atomic model. The electron energy distribution function is calculated from the Boltzmann equation using atomic cross sections for excitations from the ground states computed from atomic physics codes. The resulting electron distribution is then used to investigate the electron temperature, energy per electron-ion pair, ionization rates and excitation-to-ionization ratios for both species as a function of three parameters: the Xe mole fraction, the fractional ionization, and the power deposition per Ar atom. While the Ar ionization and excitation are fairly insensitive to these parameters, the rates for Xe, especially total excitation-to-ionization ratio, can vary with all three. Cross sections for excited to excited transitions among all the considered upper states in Xe are also calculated and transition rates, fitted to an Arrhenius form, are presented in tabular form. The assembled atomic data and calculated rates are useful for further detailed electron kinetics modelling of the Ar-Xe laser. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Drake Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. Voss Sci LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. RP Petrov, GM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM george.petrov@nrl.navy.mil RI Bartschat, Klaus/I-2527-2012 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD AUG 7 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 15 BP 4532 EP 4543 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/40/15/025 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 193CG UT WOS:000248250600026 ER PT J AU Ye, B Majumdar, BS Dutta, I AF Ye, B. Majumdar, B. S. Dutta, I. TI Texture memory and strain-texture mapping in a NiTi shape memory alloy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; IN-SITU; TRANSFORMATIONS; POLYCRYSTALS; STRESS AB The authors report on the near-reversible strain hysteresis during thermal cycling of a polycrystalline NiTi shape memory alloy at a constant stress that is below the yield strength of the martensite. In situ neutron diffraction experiments are used to demonstrate that the strain hysteresis occurs due to a texture memory effect, where the martensite develops a texture when it is cooled under load from the austenite phase and is thereafter "remembered." Further, the authors quantitatively relate the texture to the strain by developing a calculated strain-texture map or pole figure for the martensite phase, and indicate its applicability in other martensitic transformations. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Majumdar, BS (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM majumdar@nmt.edu RI Ye, Bing/G-5557-2011 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 6 AR 061918 DI 10.1063/1.2768899 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 198XS UT WOS:000248661400045 ER PT J AU He, JH Carosella, CA Hubler, GK Qadri, SB Sprague, JA Stroud, RM AF He, J. H. Carosella, C. A. Hubler, G. K. Qadri, S. B. Sprague, J. A. Stroud, R. M. TI Correlation between formation of layered nanoparticles in phase separated films and ion beam assisted deposition SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Surface Modification by Ion Beams (SMMIB 05) CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Kusadasi, TURKEY SP TUBITAK, EGE Univ, AKZ NOBEL KEMIPOL A S, ESBAS, HIPOKRAT A S, EYUP ALTAN, MEHMET ALTAN, MUSTAFA ALTAN, Off Naval Res Global, CemeCon Scandinavia, EBSO, Ford Otosan, Turk Otomobil Fabridasi, Egen Otomotiv Sanayi ve Ticaret A S, Kale Kahp Makina ve Kalp Sanayi A S, Canakkale Seramilk Kalevodur, Kale Grp, Ege Univ Sci & Technol Ctr, Mat Res Soc DE nanoparticles; phase separation; ion beam assisted deposition ID SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; X-RAY; SURFACE AB Au nanoparticles embedded in silica were prepared using electron beam evaporation of gold and silica together with 50 eV Ar+ bombardment followed by post-deposition annealing. Thin films were characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray reflectivity, TEM, and optical spectra. The Au nanoparticles have an average diameter around 12 nm and a preferred (200) orientation. Spatially, they are distributed into a multilayered structure.. The formation of layered nanoparticles is proposed to correlate to the phase separation guided by experimentally observed pre-existing compositional modulations in the as-deposited Au-silica film. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP He, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jhe@ccs.nri.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD AUG 5 PY 2007 VL 201 IS 19-20 BP 8448 EP 8451 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.02.059 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 204HG UT WOS:000249034000093 ER PT J AU Hubler, GK AF Hubler, G. K. TI Anomalous effects in hydrogen-charged palladium - A review SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Surface Modification by Ion Beams (SMMIB 05) CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Kusadasi, TURKEY SP TUBITAK, EGE Univ, AKZ NOBEL KEMIPOL A S, ESBAS, HIPOKRAT A S, EYUP ALTAN, MEHMET ALTAN, MUSTAFA ALTAN, Off Naval Res Global, CemeCon Scandinavia, EBSO, Ford Otosan, Turk Otomobil Fabridasi, Egen Otomotiv Sanayi ve Ticaret A S, Kale Kahp Makina ve Kalp Sanayi A S, Canakkale Seramilk Kalevodur, Kale Grp, Ege Univ Sci & Technol Ctr, Mat Res Soc DE electrochemistry; palladium; hydrogen ID METALLIC MEMBRANES; DEUTERIUM; CALORIMETRY; DIFFUSION; SYSTEM AB There are more than 10 groups world wide that have reported the measurement of excess heat in 1/3 of their experiments in open and/or closed electrochemical cells with a Pd solid metal cathode and deuterium containing electrolyte, or D-2 gas loading of Pd powders (see Table I of the main text). Most of these groups have occasionally experienced significant events lasting for time periods of hours to days with 50-200% excess heat measured as the ratio between electrical input energy and heat output energy. Moreover, these experimenters have improved their methods over time and it is to be noted that the reported excess heat effect has not diminished in frequency or magnitude. This paper cites selected data generated over the past 15 years to briefly summarize what has been reported about the production of excess heat in Pd cathodes charged with deuterium. A set of new materials experiments is suggested that, if performed, may help to reveal the underlying mechanism(s) responsible for the reported excess heat. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hubler, GK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hubler@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD AUG 5 PY 2007 VL 201 IS 19-20 BP 8568 EP 8573 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.03.062 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 204HG UT WOS:000249034000119 ER PT J AU Clapp, AR Pons, T Medintz, IL Delehanty, JB Melinger, JS Tiefenbrunn, T Dawson, PE Fisher, BR O'Rourke, B Mattoussi, H AF Clapp, Aaron R. Pons, Thomas Medintz, Igor L. Delehanty, James B. Melinger, Joseph S. Tiefenbrunn, Theresa Dawson, Philip E. Fisher, Brent R. O'Rourke, Brian Mattoussi, Hedi TI Two-photon excitation of quantum-dot-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer and its applications SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LIVE CELLS; IN-VIVO; PROTEIN; DNA; NANOCRYSTALS; MICROSCOPY; DELIVERY; BEACONS; DONORS; FRET AB Nonradiative fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between a luminescent quantum dot (QD) donor and a proximal dye brought in close proximity of the QD surface via conjugation with a dye-labeled peptide (or a protein) is shown (see figure). The system is excited with near IR irradiation (well below the absorption band of the QD), via a fast two-photon process, which produces a FRET signal with very low background contribution due to a substantially reduced nonlinear direct excitation of the dye. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Inst Mol Cardiobiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5611, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hedi.mattoussi@nrl.navy.mil RI Pons, Thomas/A-8667-2008 OI Pons, Thomas/0000-0001-8800-4302 NR 31 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 53 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD AUG 3 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 15 BP 1921 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200602036 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 199PE UT WOS:000248706900003 ER PT J AU Franz, AL Roy, R Shaw, LB Schwartz, IB AF Franz, Anthony L. Roy, Rajarshi Shaw, Leah B. Schwartz, Ira B. TI Changing dynamical complexity with time delay in coupled fiber laser oscillators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FEEDBACK; SYSTEMS; RECONSTRUCTION; TURBULENCE AB We investigate the complexity of the dynamics of two mutually coupled systems with internal delays and vary the coupling delay over 4 orders of magnitude. Karhunen-Loeve decomposition of spatiotemporal representations of fiber laser intensity data is performed to examine the eigenvalue spectrum and significant orthogonal modes. We compute the Shannon information from the eigenvalue spectra to quantify the dynamical complexity. A reduction in complexity occurs for short coupling delays while a logarithmic growth is observed as the coupling delay is increased. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, IPST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Franz, AL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009; OI Franz, Anthony/0000-0002-0112-0667 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 3 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 5 AR 053905 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.053905 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 197ZW UT WOS:000248597500024 PM 17930756 ER PT J AU Rachford, FJ Armstead, DN Harris, VG Vittoria, C AF Rachford, Frederic J. Armstead, Douglas N. Harris, Vincent G. Vittoria, Carmine TI Simulations of ferrite-dielectric-wire composite negative index materials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; PERMITTIVITY; METAMATERIAL; PERMEABILITY; SUPERLENS AB We perform extensive finite difference time domain simulations of ferrite based negative index of refraction composites. A wire grid is employed to provide negative permittivity. The ferrite and wire grid interact to provide both negative and positive index of refraction transmission peaks in the vicinity of the ferrite resonance. Notwithstanding the extreme anisotropy in the index of refraction of the composite, negative refraction is seen at the composite air interface allowing the construction of a focusing concave lens with a magnetically tunable focal length. C1 Naval Res Lab, Code 6365, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Westminster Coll, Dept Phys, New Wilmington, PA 16172 USA. NE Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Rachford, FJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 6365, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 NR 20 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 3 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 5 AR 057202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.057202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 197ZW UT WOS:000248597500051 PM 17930783 ER PT J AU Widegren, JA Wang, YM Henderson, WA Magee, JW AF Widegren, Jason A. Wang, Yi-Ming Henderson, Wesley A. Magee, Joseph W. TI Relative volatilities of ionic liquids by vacuum distillation of mixtures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; 1-N-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; COHESIVE ENERGY; VAPOR-PRESSURE; IN-VACUO; TEMPERATURE; SOLVENTS; VAPORIZATION AB The relative volatilities of a variety of common ionic liquids have been determined for the first time. Equimolar mixtures of ionic liquids were vacuum-distilled in a glass sublimation apparatus at approximately 473 K. The composition of the initial distillate, determined by NMR spectroscopy, was used to establish the relative volatility of each ionic liquid in the mixture. The effect of alkyl chain length was studied by distilling mixtures of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids, or mixtures of N-alkyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids, with different alkyl chain lengths. For both classes of salts, the volatility is highest when the alkyl side chain is a butyl group. The effect of cation structure on volatility has been determined by distilling mixtures containing different types of cations. Generally speaking, ionic liquids based on imidazolium and pyridinium cations are more volatile than ionic liquids based on ammonium and pyrrolidinium cations, regardless of the types of counterions present. Similarly, ionic liquids based on the anions [(C2F5SO2)(2)N](-), [(C4F9SO2)(CF3SO2)N](-) , and [(CF3SO2)(2)N](-) are more volatile than ionic liquids based on [(CF3SO2)(3)C](-) and [CF3SO3](-), and are much more volatile than ionic liquids based on [PF6](-). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Widegren, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jason.widegren@nist.gov RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009; Wang, Yiming/I-7397-2016 OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593; Wang, Yiming/0000-0001-6414-0908 NR 34 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 2 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 30 BP 8959 EP 8964 DI 10.1021/jp072964j PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 194AG UT WOS:000248315700039 PM 17616224 ER PT J AU Goswami, R Kioseoglou, G Hanbicki, AT Jonker, BT Spanos, G AF Goswami, R. Kioseoglou, G. Hanbicki, A. T. Jonker, B. T. Spanos, G. TI Interfacial phase formation during growth of ferromagnetic CdCr2Se4 on AlGaAs and ZnSe/AlGaAs SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE electron microscopy; magnetic semiconductors; thin films ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SEMICONDUCTOR CDCR2SE4; SPIN INJECTION; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; THIN-FILMS; GAAS; ZNSE; HETEROSTRUCTURES AB Microstructure and interfacial phase formation of CdCr2Se4 thin films deposited by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs, Al0.1Ga0.9As and ZnSe/Al0.1Ga0.9As have been investigated with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, fine-probe energy-dispersive spectroscopy and Z-contrast imaging. For CdCr2Se4 grown epitaxially on GaAs and/or Al0.1Ga0.9As, Cr tends to segregate to the interface forming either a layer enriched with Cr or trapezoidal-shaped Cr-rich precipitates. On ZnSe, CdCr2Se4 grows epitaxially at temperatures >300 degrees C, but when grown at 350 degrees C, the interface is quite rough or wavy. When the CdCr2Se4 is grown at 300 degrees C, the CdCr2Se4/ZnSe interface is more planar, but the CdCr2Se4 film is only epitaxial up to a thickness of about 5 nm, and then becomes polycrystalline as the thickness of the film increases. An interfacial phase, CdxZn1-xSe, forms at the CdCr2Se4/ZnSe interface, the thickness of which is determined by specific growth conditions. (c) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SAIC, Washington, DC 20003 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goswami, R (reprint author), SAIC, Washington, DC 20003 USA. EM goswami@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 55 IS 14 BP 4625 EP 4634 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.04.032 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 201HX UT WOS:000248823200004 ER PT J AU Mologne, TS Provencher, MT Menzel, KA Vachon, TA Dewing, CB AF Mologne, Timothy S. Provencher, Matthew T. Menzel, Kyle A. Vachon, Tyler A. Dewing, Christopher B. TI Arthroscopic stabilization in patients with an inverted pear glenoid - Results in patients with bone loss of the anterior glenoid SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE shoulder instability; shoulder dislocation; shoulder subluxation; glenoid bone loss; inverted pear glenoid; shoulder; arthroscopic shoulder; glenoid fracture; Bankart ID RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; 5-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; SHOULDER INSTABILITY; BANKART REPAIR; GLENOHUMERAL INSTABILITY; SURGICAL REPAIR; STABILITY; LESION; DISLOCATION; MANAGEMENT AB Background: Recent literature has demonstrated that the success rates of arthroscopic stabilization of glenohumeral instability deteriorate in patients with an anteroinferior glenoid bone deficiency, also known as the "inverted pear" glenoid. Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the outcomes of arthroscopic stabilization for recurrent anterior shoulder instability in patients with a mean anteroinferior glenoid bone deficiency of 25% (range, 20%-30%). Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Twenty-one of 23 patients (91 % follow-up) undergoing arthroscopic stabilization surgery and noted to have a bony deficiency of the anteroinferior glenoid of 20% to 30% were reviewed at a mean follow-up of 34 months (range, 26-47). The mean age was 25 years (range, 20-34); 2 patients were female and 19 were male. All patients were treated with a primary anterior arthroscopic stabilization using a mean of 3.2 suture anchors (range, 3-4). Eleven patients had a bony Bankart that was incorporated into the repair; 10 had no bone fragment and were considered attritional bone loss. Outcomes were assessed using the Rowe score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Score, the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), and the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability (WOSI) Index. Findings of recurrent instability and dislocation events were documented. Results: Two patients (9.5%) experienced symptoms of recurrent subluxation, and 1 (4.8%) sustained a recurrent dislocation that required revision open surgery. The mean postoperative outcomes scores were as follows: SANE = 88.1 (range, 65-100; standard deviation [SD] 9.0); Rowe = 85.2 (range, 55-100; SD 14.1); ASES Score = 93.1 (range, 78-100; SD 5.3); and WOSI Index = 398 (82% of normal; range, 30-1175; SD 264). No patient with a bony fragment experienced a recurrent subluxation or dislocation, and mean outcomes scores for patients with a bony fragment were better than those with no bony fragment (P =.08). No patient required medical discharge from the military for his or her shoulder condition. Conclusions: Arthroscopic stabilization for recurrent instability, even in the presence of a significant bony defect of the glenoid, can yield a stable shoulder; however, outcomes are not as predictable especially in attritional bone loss cases. Longer-term follow-up is needed to see if these results hold up over time. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Ctr Sports Med, Appleton, WI USA. RP Provencher, MT (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 112, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM mmpro98@earthlink.net NR 47 TC 99 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1276 EP 1283 DI 10.1177/0363546507300262 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 196AB UT WOS:000248452500006 PM 17387219 ER PT J AU Pearle, AD Solomon, DJ Wanich, T Moreau-Gaudry, A Granchi, CC Wickiewicz, TL Warren, RF AF Pearle, Andrew D. Solomon, Daniel J. Wanich, Tony Moreau-Gaudry, Alexandre Granchi, Carinne C. Wickiewicz, Thomas L. Warren, Russell F. TI Reliability of navigated knee stability examination - A cadaveric evaluation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE surgical navigation; computer-assisted surgery; posterolateral corner; knee instability ID ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; COMPUTER-ASSISTED NAVIGATION; PIVOT-SHIFT PHENOMENON; IN-SITU FORCES; LACHMAN TEST; ARTHROPLASTY; RECONSTRUCTION; INSTABILITY; ARTHROMETER; KINEMATICS AB Background: Clinical examination remains empirical and may be confusing in the setting of rotatory knee instabilities. Computerized navigation systems provide the ability to visualize and quantify coupled knee motions during knee stability examination. Hypothesis: An image-free navigation system can reliably register and collect multiplanar knee kinematics during knee stability examination. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Coupled knee motions were determined by a robotic/UFS testing system and by an image-free navigation system in 6 cadaveric knees that were subjected to (1) isolated varus stress and (2) combined varus and external rotation force at 0, 30, and 60. This protocol was performed in intact knees and after complete sectioning of the posterolateral corner (lateral collateral ligament, popliteus tendon, and popliteofibular ligament). The correlation between data from the surgical navigation system and the robotic positional sensor was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient. The 3-dimensional motion paths of the intact and sectioned knees were assessed qualitatively using the navigation display system. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients between the robotic sensor and the navigation system for varus and external rotation at 0, 30, and 60 were all statistically significant at P <.01. The overall intraclass correlation coefficient for all tests was 0.9976 (P <.0001). Real-time visualization of the coupled motions was possible with the navigation system. Post hoc analysis of the knee motion paths during loading distinguished distinct rotatory patterns. Conclusion: Surgical navigation is a precise intraoperative tool to quantify knee stability examination and may help delineate pathologic multiplanar or coupled knee motions, particularly in the setting of complex rotatory instability patterns. Repeatability of load application during clinical stability testing remains problematic. Clinical Relevance: Surgical navigation may refine the diagnostic evaluation of knee instability. C1 Hosp Special Surg, Sports Med & Shoulder Serv, New York, NY 10021 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Praxim Medvis, Surget Inst, Grenoble, France. RP Pearle, AD (reprint author), Hosp Special Surg, Sports Med & Shoulder Serv, 535 E 70th St, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM pearlea@hss.edu RI moreau-gaudry, alexandre/M-6722-2014 NR 39 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1315 EP 1320 DI 10.1177/0363546507300821 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 196AB UT WOS:000248452500012 PM 17440197 ER PT J AU Zhang, GX Kim, JW Dong, HL Sommer, AJ AF Zhang, Gengxin Kim, Jinwook Dong, Hailiang Sommer, Andre J. TI Microbial effects in promoting the smectite to illite reaction: Role of organic matter intercalated in the interlayer SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE cysteine; illite; microbial Fe3+ reduction; nontronite NAu-2; toluene; Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CLAY-MINERALS; STRUCTURAL FE(III); TEM OBSERVATIONS; REDUCTION; TOLUENE; DISSOLUTION; SUBSURFACE; NONTRONITE; IRON(III) AB Cysteine and toluene as model organic molecules were intercalated into Fe-rich smectite (non-tronite, NAu-2). The illitization of these intercalated smectites as induced by microbial reduction of structural Fe3+ was investigated. Iron-reducing bacterium Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 was incubated with lactate as the sole electron donor and structural Fe3+ in cysteine- and toluene-intercalated NAu-2 (referred to as cysteine-NAu-2 and toluene-NAu-2 hereafter) as the sole electron acceptor. Anthra-quinone-2, 6-disulfonate (AQDS) was used as an electron shuttle in bicarbonate buffer. The extent of Fe3+ reduction in cysteine-NAu-2 and toluene-NAu-2 was 15.7 and 5.4%, respectively, compared to 20.5% in NAu-2 without organic matter intercalation. In the bioreduced NAu-2, X-ray diffraction, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy did not detect any discrete illite, although illite/smectite mixed layer or high charge smectite phases were observed. In bioreduced cysteine-NAu-2, discrete illite and siderite formed. In contrast, bioreduction of toluene-NAu-2 did not result in any mineralogical changes. The contrasting bioreduction results between cysteine- and toluene-intercalated nontronite may be ascribed to the nature of organic matter-bacteria interactions. Whereas cysteine is an essential amino acid for bacteria and can also serve as an electron shuttle, thus enhancing the extent of Fe3+ bioreduction and illitization, toluene is toxic and inhibits Fe3+-reducing activity. This study, therefore, highlights the significant role of organic matter in promoting the smectite to illite reaction under conditions typical of natural environments (i.e., non-growth condition for bacteria). C1 Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Zhang, GX (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM dongh@muohio.edu NR 58 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 27 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD AUG-SEP PY 2007 VL 92 IS 8-9 BP 1401 EP 1410 DI 10.2138/am.2007.2331 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 200XB UT WOS:000248795000016 ER PT J AU Zhang, GX Dong, HL Kim, JW Eberl, DD AF Zhang, Gengxin Dong, Hailiang Kim, Jinwook Eberl, D. D. TI Microbial reduction of structural Fe3+ in nontronite by a thermophilic bacterium and its role in promoting the smectite to illite reaction SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE dissolution; illite; microbial Fe3+ reduction; nontronite; precipitation; sedimentary basin; smectite; Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SP-NOV; FE(III) REDUCTION; IRON REDUCTION; CLAY-MINERALS; GEN-NOV; HIGH-PH; PETROLEUM RESERVOIRS; PHOTOCHEMICAL METHOD; REDUCING BACTERIUM AB The illitization process of Fe-rich smectite (nontronite NAu-2) promoted by microbial reduction Of structural Fe3+ was investigated by using a thermophilic metal-reducing bacterium, Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus, isolated from the deep subsurface. T ethanolicus was incubated with lactate as the sole electron donor and structural Fe3+ in nontronite as the sole electron acceptor, and anthraquinone-2, 6-disulfonate (AQDS) as an electron shuttle in a growth medium (pH 6.2 and 9.2, 65 degrees C) with or without an external supply of Al and K sources. With an external supply of At and K, the extent of reduction of Fe3+ in NAu-2 was 43.7 and 40.4% at pH 6.2 and 9.2, respectively. X-ray diffraction and scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed formation of discrete illite at pH 9.2 with external Al and K sources, while mixed layers of illite/smectite or highly charged smectite were detected under other conditions. The morphology of biogenic illite evolved from lath and flake to pseudo-hexagonal shape. An external supply of Al and K under alkaline conditions enhances the smectite-illite reaction during microbial Fe3+ reduction of smectite. Biogenic SiO2 was observed as a result of bioreduction under all conditions. The microbially promoted smectite-illite reaction proceeds via dissolution of smectite and precipitation of illite. Thermophilic iron reducing bacteria have a significant role in promoting the smectite to illite reaction under conditions common in sedimentary basins. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Zhang, GX (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM dongh@muohio.edu NR 77 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 18 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD AUG-SEP PY 2007 VL 92 IS 8-9 BP 1411 EP 1419 DI 10.2138/am.2007.2498 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 200XB UT WOS:000248795000017 ER PT J AU Cole, SM Patterson, MB Cupp, CL AF Cole, Stephanie M. Patterson, Matthew B. Cupp, Craig L. TI Tonsillectomy in the anticoagulated patient SO ANNALS OF OTOLOGY RHINOLOGY AND LARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anticoagulation; antiphospholipid syndrome; perioperative management; tonsillectomy. ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARIN; 7TH ACCP CONFERENCE; THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY; MANAGEMENT; SURGERY; ADENOIDECTOMY; INTERRUPTION; THROMBOSIS; HEMORRHAGE; DISEASE AB Objectives: The objectives of this study were to review perioperative bridging strategies for anticoagulated patients and to describe a novel bridging strategy for tonsillectomy in an anticoagulated patient that addresses both primary and secondary hemorrhage risks. Methods: A literature review and a case report are presented. PubMed was reviewed for evidence-based recommendations on perioperative management of anticoagulated patients. A case report is detailed of a 28-year-old woman with antiphospholipid syndrome on warfarin for high risk of venous thrombosis who underwent tonsillectomy. A perioperative bridging strategy incorporating outpatient low-molecular weight heparin and inpatient unfractionated heparin was implemented to minimize risks of thrombosis and primary and secondary posttonsillectomy hemorrhage. Results: Limited evidence supports a consensus on the best perioperative management of anticoagulated patients. Tonsillectomy in an anticoagulated patient has not been described previously. The patient in this case underwent successful tonsillectomy with no thrombosis or bleeding after I month of follow-up. Conclusions: Tonsillectomy can be done relatively safely in an anticoagulated patient at high risk for thrombosis. The perioperative bridging strategy should account for its unique risk of primary and secondary postoperative hemorrhage. A proposed algorithm for managing these competing risks is presented. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Cupp, CL (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNALS PUBL CO PI ST LOUIS PA 4507 LACLEDE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63108 USA SN 0003-4894 J9 ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN JI Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 116 IS 8 BP 589 EP 593 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 203GE UT WOS:000248962300006 PM 17847726 ER PT J AU Marin, VMM Delgado, RMG Schmitt, HR Fernandes, RC Perez, E Storchi-Bergmann, T Heckman, T Leitherer, C AF Marin, Victor M. Munoz Delgado, Rosa M. Gonzalez Schmitt, Henrique R. Fernandes, Roberto Cid Perez, Enrique Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa Heckman, Tim Leitherer, Claus TI An atlas of the circumnuclear regions of 75 Seyfert galaxies in the near-ultraviolet with the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atlases; galaxies : nuclei; galaxies : Seyfert; galaxies : starburst; galaxies : star clusters ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ANISOTROPIC IONIZING-RADIATION; NARROW-LINE REGION; SPIRAL GALAXIES; STAR-CLUSTERS; CIRCINUS GALAXY; SPECTRAL ATLAS; IMAGING SURVEY; LOW-LUMINOSITY; HOST GALAXIES AB We present an atlas of the central regions of 75 Seyfert galaxies imaged in the near-UV with the Advanced Camera for Surveys of the Hubble Space Telescope at an average resolution of similar to 10 pc. These data complement archival high-resolution data from the Hubble Space Telescope at optical and near-IR wavelengths, creating an extremely valuable data set for astronomers with a broad range of scientific interests. Our goal is to investigate the nature of the near-UV light in these objects, its relation to the circumnuclear starburst phenomenon, and the connection of this to the evolution and growth of the galaxy bulge and central black hole. In this paper we describe the near-UV morphology of the objects and characterize the near-UV emission. We estimate the size and the luminosity of the emitting regions and extract the luminosity profile. We also determine the presence of unresolved compact nuclei. In addition, the circumnuclear stellar cluster population is identified, and the contribution of the stellar clusters to the total light, at this wavelength, is estimated. The size of the sample allows us to draw robust statistical conclusions. We find that Seyfert 1 galaxies (Sy 1's) are completely dominated by their bright and compact nuclei, which remains pointlike at this resolution, while we find almost no unresolved nuclei in Seyfert 2 galaxies (Sy2's). The Seyfert types 1 and 2 are quite segregated in an asymmetry versus compactness plot. Stellar clusters are found somewhat more frequently in Sy2's (in similar to 70% of the galaxies) than in Sy1's (similar to 57%), and contribute more to the total light in Sy2's, but these two differences seem to be mostly due to the large contribution of the compact nuclei in Sy1's, as the luminosity distribution of the clusters is similar in both Seyfert types. C1 CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada 18080, Spain. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Interferometr Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. Univ Fed Santa Catarina, CFM, Dept Fis, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Fis, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Marin, VMM (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, POB 3004, Granada 18080, Spain. EM manuel@iaa.es; rosa@iaa.es; henrique.schmitt@nrl.navy.mil; cid@astro.ufsc.br; thaisa@if.ufrgs.br RI Fernandes, Roberto/M-7334-2014; OI Fernandes, Roberto/0000-0001-9672-0296; Perez, Enrique/0000-0001-9737-4559 NR 78 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 134 IS 2 BP 648 EP 667 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 197XY UT WOS:000248591800018 ER PT J AU Castelletti, G Dubner, G Brogan, C Kassim, NE AF Castelletti, G. Dubner, G. Brogan, C. Kassim, N. E. TI The low-frequency radio emission and spectrum of the extended SNR W44: new VLA observations at 74 and 324 MHz SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual objects : W44; ISM : supernova remnants; radio continuum : ISM ID SUPERNOVA REMNANT W44; SHOCKED MOLECULAR GAS; PULSAR WIND NEBULA; X-RAY; GALACTIC PLANE; POLARIZATION OBSERVATIONS; HII-REGIONS; ABSORPTION-MEASUREMENTS; DISCRETE SOURCES; FLUX DENSITIES AB Aims. We present new Very Large Array ( VLA) radio images at 74 and 324 MHz of the SNR W44. The VLA images, obtained with unprecedented angular resolution and sensitivity for such low frequencies (HPBW 37 '' at 74 MHz, and 13 '' at 324 MHz), have been used in combination with existing 1442 MHz radio data, Spitzer IR data, and ROSAT and Chandra X-ray data to investigate morphological and spectral continuum properties of this SNR. Methods. The observations were carried out with the VLA simultaneously at 74 and 324 MHz in the A and B configurations and at 324 MHz in the C and D configurations. The radio continuum spectral index distribution was derived through direct comparison of the combined data at 74, 324, and 1442 MHz. In addition, to isolate and identify different spectral components, tomographic spectral analysis was performed. Results. We measured total flux densities of 634 Jy and 411 Jy at 74 and 324 MHz, respectively, for W44, and from a careful assessment of published values between 22 and 10 700 MHz derived a global integrated continuum spectral index alpha = - 0.37 +/- 0.02. The spatially resolved spectral index study revealed that the bright filaments, both around and across the SNR, have a straight spectrum between 74 and 1442 MHz, with alpha similar to -0.5, with two clear exceptions: a short portion of the SNR limb to the southeast, with a varying between 0 and + 0.4 and a bright arc to the west where the spectrum breaks around 300 MHz and becomes concave down. We conclude that at the shell and along the internal filaments, the electrons responsible for the synchrotron emission were accelerated at the shock according to a simple diffusive shock model. The positive spectrum corresponds to a location where the SN shock is running into a molecular cloud and the line of sight intersects the photo dissociation region of an HII region and a young stellar object is present. Such spectral inversion is a classic signature of thermal absorption, either from ionized gas in the postshock region, from the HII region itself, or both. The curved spectrum on the westernmost bright arc is explained as the consequence of strong post-shock densities and enhanced magnetic fields after the interaction of the SN shock with a coincident molecular cloud. No spectral index trace was found indicating any connection between the associated pulsar PSR B1953+ 0.1 and the surrounding shell, nor between the SNR and the 3EG 1853+ 0114.gamma-ray source proposed to be associated with W44. The comparison of the 324 MHz image with a 4.5 mu m IR image obtained with Spitzer underscored an impressive correspondence between emission both to the north and west sides of W44, while the comparison with ROSAT and Chandra images confirm that the synchrotron radio emission surrounds the thermal X-ray radiation. C1 Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Remote Sensing, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Castelletti, G (reprint author), Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, CC 67,Suc 28, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM gcastell@iafe.uba.ar NR 86 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 471 IS 2 BP 537 EP 549 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077062 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 197HR UT WOS:000248545700022 ER PT J AU Marti-Vidal, I Marcaide, JM Alberdi, A Guirado, JC Lara, L Perez-Torres, MA Ros, E Argo, MK Beswick, RJ Muxlow, TWB Pedlar, A Shapiro, II Stockdale, CJ Sramek, RA Weiler, KW Vinko, J AF Marti-Vidal, I. Marcaide, J. M. Alberdi, A. Guirado, J. C. Lara, L. Perez-Torres, M. A. Ros, E. Argo, M. K. Beswick, R. J. Muxlow, T. W. B. Pedlar, A. Shapiro, I. I. Stockdale, C. J. Sramek, R. A. Weiler, K. W. Vinko, J. TI 8.4 GHz VLBI observations of SN2004et in NGC6946 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies; individual; NGC 6946-radio continuum; stars - stars; supernovae; individual; SN2004et ID SYNCHROTRON SELF-ABSORPTION; DISTANCE SCALE; RADIO-EMISSION; SUPERNOVA; PROGENITOR; DISCOVERY; EVOLUTION; 1993J AB We report on 8.4 GHz very-long-baseline-interferometry (VLBI) observations of the type II-P supernova SN2004et in the spiral galaxy NGC 6946, made on 20 February 2005 (151 days after explosion). The Very Large Array (VLA) flux density was 1.23 +/- 0.07 mJy, corresponding to an isotropic luminosity at 8.4 GHz of (4.45 +/- 0.3) x 10(25) erg s(-1) Hz(-1) and a brightness temperature of (1.3 +/- 0.3) x 10(8) K. We also provide an improved source position, accurate to about 0.5 mas in each coordinate. The VLBI image shows a clear asymmetry. From model fitting of the size of the radio emission, we estimate a minimum expansion velocity of 15 700 +/- 2000 km s(-1). This velocity is more than twice the expected mean expansion velocity estimated from a synchrotron self-absorbed emission model, thus suggesting that synchrotron self-absorption is not relevant for this supernova. With the benefit of an optical spectrum obtained 12 days after explosion, we favor an emission model which consists of two hot spots on an underlying expanding shell of width comparable to that of SN 1993J. C1 Univ Valencia, Dept Astron & Astrophys, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18008 Granada, Spain. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53010 Bonn, Germany. Jodrell Bank Observ, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Szeged, Dept Opt & Quantum Elect, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. RP Marti-Vidal, I (reprint author), Univ Valencia, Dept Astron & Astrophys, C Dr Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. EM I.Marti-Vidal@uv.es RI Marti-Vidal, Ivan/A-8799-2017; OI Marti-Vidal, Ivan/0000-0003-3708-9611; Muxlow, Thomas/0000-0001-5797-8796; Argo, Megan/0000-0003-3594-0214; Vinko, Jozsef/0000-0001-8764-7832; Ros, Eduardo/0000-0001-9503-4892 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 470 IS 3 BP 1071 EP 1077 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077522 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 192HE UT WOS:000248190700029 ER PT J AU Patsourakos, S Gouttebroze, P Vourlidas, A AF Patsourakos, S. Gouttebroze, P. Vourlidas, A. TI The quiet sun network at subarcsecond resolution: Vault observations and radiative transfer modeling of cool loops SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun : transition region ID SOLAR TRANSITION REGION; CYLINDRICAL THREADS; INCIDENT RADIATION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; NONTHERMAL VELOCITIES; SUMER OBSERVATIONS; HYDROGEN SPECTRUM; FINE-STRUCTURE; CORONAL LOOPS; CHROMOSPHERE AB One of the most enigmatic regions of the solar atmosphere is the transition region (TR), corresponding to plasmas with temperatures intermediate of the cool, few thousand K, chromosphere and the hot, few million K, corona. The traditional view is that the TR emission originates from a thin thermal interface in hot coronal structures, connecting their chromosphere with their corona. This paradigm fails badly for cool plasmas (approximate to T < 10(5) K), since it predicts emission orders of magnitude less than what it is observed. It was therefore proposed that the "missing" TR emission could originate from tiny, isolated from the hot corona, cool loops at TR temperatures. A major problem in investigating this proposal is the very small sizes of the hypothesized cool loops. Here, we report the first spatially resolved observations of subarcsecond-scale looplike structures seen in the Ly alpha line made by the Very High Angular Resolution Ultraviolet Telescope (VAULT). The subarcsecond (approximate to 0.3 '') resolution of VAULT allows us to directly view and resolve looplike structures in the quiet Sun network. We compare the observed intensities of these structures with simplified radiative transfer models of cool loops. The reasonable agreement between the models and the observations indicates that an explanation of the observed fine structure in terms of cool loops is plausible. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Patsourakos, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM patsourakos@nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 55 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 2 BP 1214 EP 1220 DI 10.1086/518645 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199CY UT WOS:000248675000054 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD Ramirez-Ruiz, E Le, T AF Dermer, Charles D. Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico Le, Truong TI Correlation of photon and neutrino fluxes in blazars and gamma-ray bursts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; galaxies : jets; gamma rays : bursts; neutrinos; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HIGH-ENERGY; PAIR PRODUCTION; X-RAY; VARIABILITY; COLLISIONS; EVOLUTION; FIREBALLS; ICECUBE AB Relativistic black hole jet sources are leading candidates for high-energy (>> TeV) neutrino production. The relations defining (1) efficient photopion losses of cosmic-ray protons on target photons and (2) gamma gamma opacity of gamma-rays through that same target photon field imply clear multiwavelength predictions for when and at what energies blazars and gamma-ray bursts should be most neutrino-bright and gamma-ray-dim. The use of multiwavelength observations to test the standard relativistic jet model for these source is illustrated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dermer@gamma.nrl.navy.mil; enrico@ucolick.org; tle@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 2 BP L67 EP L70 DI 10.1086/520638 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DC UT WOS:000248675400002 ER PT J AU Meyer, K Yang, P Gao, BC AF Meyer, Kerry Yang, Ping Gao, Bo-Cai TI Tropical ice cloud optical depth, ice water path, and frequency fields inferred from the MODIS level-3 data SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE tropical ice clouds; Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS); optical depth; ice water path; frequency ID SOLAR RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; CIRRUS CLOUDS; PARTICLE-SIZE; PARAMETERIZATION; ABSORPTION; SCATTERING; CHANNELS; VAPOR; HIRS; AIRCRAFT AB The 1.375-mu m water vapor absorption band included on the space-bome Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) provides an unprecedented view of ice clouds (e.g., cirrus) on a global scale. In this study the spatial and temporal patterns of ice clouds over the tropics (i.e., the region between +/- 30 degrees latitude) are analyzed. Three successive years (July 2002-August 2005) of data acquired from the MODIS instrument aboard NASA's Aqua satellite are used in the analyses. Specifically, the frequency of occurrence of ice clouds and its zonal trends are investigated. We compare the ice cloud frequency results from this study with those obtained from the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounders (HIRS). In addition to the HIRS-type frequency of occurrence of ice clouds, we also investigate the average cloud optical depth and ice water path of these clouds, as well as the zonal trends of these parameters. The present analyses reveal that ice clouds are observed quite frequently in the tropics (approximately 67% of MODIS level-3 data points), and have a higher frequency of occurrence over land, 43%, than over the oceans, 32%. Ice cloud optical depth and ice water path have distributions highly skewed toward small values, indicating a large number of thin cirrus observations. Approximately 70% of the tropics has mean ice cloud optical depth below 2.0, and 80% has mean ice water path less than 40 g m(-2). Moreover, spatial patterns, as well as seasonal cloud migrations, can be clearly seen. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Meyer, Kerry/E-8095-2016 OI Meyer, Kerry/0000-0001-5361-9200 NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 85 IS 2 BP 171 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2006.09.009 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 198NR UT WOS:000248635300002 ER PT J AU Efroimsky, M Escapa, A AF Efroimsky, Michael Escapa, Alberto TI The theory of canonical perturbations applied to attitude dynamics and to the Earth rotation. Osculating and nonosculating Andoyer variables SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE Earth rotation; attitude mechanics; attitude dynamics; Kinoshita theory of the Earth rotation; Kinoshita-Souchay theory of the Earth rotation; Hamiltonian theory of the Earth rotation; Andoyer variables; Andoyer elemets; osculation; nonosculation; canonical perturbation theory; rigid-body rotation; right-body dynamics; rigid-body mechanics; Poinsot problem; Euler-Poinsot problem ID RIGID-BODY DYNAMICS; HAMILTONIAN THEORY; CHAOTIC OBLIQUITY; GAUGE FREEDOM; SOLAR-SYSTEM; PRECESSION; MOTION; MODEL; MECHANICS; NUTATIONS AB In the method of variation of parameters we express the Cartesian coordinates or the Euler angles as functions of the time and six constants. If, under disturbance, we endow the "constants" with time dependence, the perturbed orbital or angular velocity will consist of a partial time derivative and a convective term that includes time derivatives of the "constants". The Lagrange constraint, often imposed for convenience, nullifies the convective term and thereby guarantees that the functional dependence of the velocity on the time and "constants" stays unaltered under disturbance. "Constants" satisfying this constraint are called osculating elements. Otherwise, they are simply termed orbital or rotational elements. When the equations for the elements are required to be canonical, it is normally the Delaunay variables that are chosen to be the orbital elements, and it is the Andoyer variables that are typically chosen to play the role of rotational elements. (Since some of the Andoyer elements are time-dependent even in the unperturbed setting, the role of "constants" is actually played by their initial values.) The Delaunay and Andoyer sets of variables share a subtle peculiarity: under certain circumstances the standard equations render the elements nonosculating. In the theory of orbits, the planetary equations yield nonosculating elements when perturbations depend on velocities. To keep the elements osculating, the equations must be amended with extra terms that are not parts of the disturbing function [Efroimsky, M., Goldreich, P.: J. Math. Phys. 44, 5958-5977 (2003); Astron. Astrophys. 415, 1187-1199 (2004); Efroimsky, M.: Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. 91, 75-108 (2005); Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 1065, 346-374 (2006)]. It complicates both the Lagrange- and Delaunay-type planetary equations and makes the Delaunay equations noncanonical. In attitude dynamics, whenever a perturbation depends upon the angular velocity (like a switch to a noninertial frame), a mere amendment of the Hamiltonian makes the equations yield nonosculating Andoyer elements. To make them osculating, extra terms should be added to the equations (but then the equations will no longer be canonical). Calculations in nonosculating variables are mathematically valid, but their physical interpretation is not easy. Nonosculating orbital elements parameterise instantaneous conics not tangent to the orbit. (A nonosculating i may differ much from the real inclination of the orbit, given by the osculating i.) Nonosculating Andoyer elements correctly describe perturbed attitude, but their interconnection with the angular velocity is a nontrivial issue. The Kinoshita-Souchay theory tacitly employs nonosculating Andoyer elements. For this reason, even though the elements are introduced in a precessing frame, they nevertheless return the inertial velocity, not the velocity relative to the precessing frame. To amend the Kinoshita-Souchay theory, we derive the precessing-frame-related directional angles of the angular velocity relative to the precessing frame. The loss of osculation should not necessarily be considered a flaw of the Kinoshita-Souchay theory, because in some situations it is the inertial, not the relative, angular velocity that is measurable [Schreiber, K. U. et al.: J. Geophys. Res. 109, B06405 (2004); Petrov, L.: Astron. Astrophys. 467, 359-369 (2007)]. Under these circumstances, the Kinoshita-Souchay formulae for the angular velocity should be employed (as long as they are rightly identified as the formulae for the inertial angular velocity). C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Alicante, Dept Matemat Aplicada, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. RP Efroimsky, M (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM me@usno.navy.mil OI Efroimsky, Michael/0000-0003-1249-9622 NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 EI 1572-9478 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 98 IS 4 BP 251 EP 283 DI 10.1007/s10569-007-9080-y PG 33 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA 191FJ UT WOS:000248115700002 ER PT J AU Prak, DJL AF Prak, Dianne J. Luning TI Solubilization of nitrotoluenes in micellar nonionic surfactant solutions SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE dinitrotoluene; trinitrotoluene; solubility; molar solubilization ratio; Micelle-water partition coefficient ID ENHANCED PCE SOLUBILIZATION; PILOT-SCALE DEMONSTRATION; BACHMAN ROAD SITE; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; PHOTOLYSIS; WATER; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; 2,4-DINITROTOLUENE; HYDROCARBONS; REMEDIATION AB A key factor in selecting surfactants to enhance chemical or biological transformation or physical removal of an organic pollutant from contaminated soil is knowledge of the pollutant's solubility behavior in the surfactant solution. This study investigated the influence of nonionic surfactant structure on the solubility of 4-nitrotoluene (NT), 2,3-dinitrotoluene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,6-dinitrotoluene, and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) at room temperature. For a series of alkyl phenol ethoxylates (Tergitol NP-8 to NP-40), decreasing the ethoxylate chain length increased the solubility of these nitrotoluenes by a factor of two or less in 10 g1(-1) surfactant solutions, but did not significantly change their molar solubilization ratios (MSR, e.g. 0.02 for TNT) or their micelle-water partition coefficients (K-m, e.g. 3.4 for TNT). For Tergitol NP-8 solutions ranging from 1.0 to 12.4 g 1(-1), no enhancement in NT solubility was found, suggesting that the cloud point was reached. The MSRs for Tween 80 were higher than those of Tween 20 and the MSRs of Brij-58 were higher than those for Brij-35. When comparing solutes, NT had the highest solubility and MSR (0.28-0.41), while TNT had the lowest solubility and MSR (0.02-0.03). A linear relationship between K-m, values and octanol-water partition coefficients based on Triton X-100 predicted the log K-m values within 0.5 of their measured values. A linear solvation free energy correlation for K-m suggested the importance of solute volume and effective hydrogen bond basicity in the partitioning process while implying that the nitrotoluenes are solubilized in a polar portion of the micelle. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Prak, DJL (reprint author), USN Acad, 572 M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM prak@usna.edu RI Luning Prak, Dianne/B-8503-2011 OI Luning Prak, Dianne/0000-0002-5589-7287 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2007 VL 68 IS 10 BP 1961 EP 1967 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.02.029 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 193BK UT WOS:000248248200021 PM 17395241 ER PT J AU Venn-Watson, SK Ridgway, SH AF Venn-Watson, Stephanie K. Ridgway, Sam H. TI Big brains and blood glucose: Common ground for diabetes mellitus in humans and healthy dolphins SO COMPARATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-TRANSFERASE; SERUM ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; URIC-ACID NEPHROLITHIASIS; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; LOW-CARBOHYDRATE; ANIMAL-MODELS; TYPE-2; METABOLISM; MICROANGIOPATHY AB Healthy Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) have a sustained postprandial hyperglycemia, producing a prolonged glucose tolerance curve and a transient, diabetes mellitus-like state during 6 to 72 h of fasting. To further assess dolphins as comparative models for diabetes in humans, we hypothesized that a suite of hernatological and clinical biochemistry changes during the fasting state may mimic those reported in humans with diabetes. We conducted a retrospective analysis of covariance to compare fasting and nonfasting hematologic and serum biochemical data, including 1161 routine blood samples from 52 healthy bottlenose dolphins (age, 1 to 49 y; male and female) collected during 1998 through 2005. Most changes found in dolphins during the fasting state - including significantly increased glucose, platelets, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase; significantly decreased serum uric acid; and shifts toward a metabolic acidodic state (significantly increased blood Co-2) - have been previously associated with diabetes mellitus in humans. Therefore, healthy bottlenose dolphins may be the first complete and natural comparative animal model for diabetes mellitus in humans. Similarities between dolphins and humans, including metabolic changes associated with high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets; large brain-to-mass ratios; high central nervous system demands for glucose; and similarly unique blood glucose-carrying capacities should be further assessed to better understand the potential evolutionary paths of diabetes mellitus in these 2 species. C1 USN, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Venn-Watson, SK (reprint author), USN, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM stephanie.wong@navy.mil NR 42 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1532-0820 J9 COMPARATIVE MED JI Comparative Med. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 57 IS 4 BP 390 EP 395 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 199TH UT WOS:000248717600008 PM 17803054 ER PT J AU Woodle, S Goldfarb, D Segev, D Waterman, AD Gentry, S Aeder, M Montgomery, RA Miao, Y Lewis, RM Shapiro, R AF Woodle, Steve Goldfarb, David Segev, Dorry Waterman, Amy D. Gentry, Sommer Aeder, Mark Montgomery, Robert A. Miao, Yun Lewis, Richard M. Shapiro, Ron TI Kidney paired donation: state of the science and practice SO CURRENT OPINION IN ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Review DE desensitisation; kidney exchange; paired donation ID NON-DIRECTED DONATION; EXCHANGE PROGRAM; CANDIDATES; ATTITUDES AB Purpose of review The aim of this article is to review all publications regarding kidney paired donation published over the past 2 years and in doing so provide an evaluation of the current state of development of the field. Recent findings A few large multicenter paired donation consortia have been developed, and using computer-based matching algorithms have entered significant numbers of donor-recipient pairs (although no program to date has conducted computer match runs with over 75donor-recipient pairs). In addition, significant progress has been made in developing innovative matching strategies and in modeling potential results of paired donation programs. Despite these advances, these programs have only scratched the surface of the estimated potential of paired donation programs to increase living kidney donation. The greatest effects on increasing volume can be made by increasing donor/recipient identification and enrolment. Summary Significant advances have been made in clinical experience and technological development of paired donation programs. Technical advances have occurred, however, at a more rapid pace than clinical advances in paired donation. Significant work with respect to ethical and educational foundations needs to be accomplished to close this gap. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cleveland Clin, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Hosp, Case Med Ctr, St Paul, MN 55102 USA. So Hosp Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. N Austin Med Ctr, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Woodle, S (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM woodlees@uc.edu OI Waterman, Amy/0000-0002-7799-0060; Gentry, Sommer/0000-0003-4530-8917 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1087-2418 J9 CURR OPIN ORGAN TRAN JI Curr. Opin. Organ Transpl. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 12 IS 4 BP 384 EP 389 DI 10.1097/MOT.0b013e328270b8ef PG 6 WC Transplantation SC Transplantation GA 199TL UT WOS:000248718000010 ER PT J AU Sun, B Baker, SE Butler, JE Kim, H Russell, JN Shang, L Tse, KY Yang, WS Hamers, RJ AF Sun, Bin Baker, Sarah E. Butler, James E. Kim, Heesuk Russell, John N., Jr. Shang, Lu Tse, Kiu-Yuen Yang, Wensha Hamers, Robert J. TI Covalent molecular functionalization of diamond thin-film transistors SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE diamond film; sensors; biomaterials; biocompatibility ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HYDROGEN-TERMINATED DIAMOND; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SURFACE CONDUCTIVITY; PHOTOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONALIZATION; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; SILICON SURFACES; ION-SENSITIVITY; CHARGE SENSOR AB The chemical functionalization and the resulting electrical properties of diamond thin-film transistors (TFTs) modified with organic monolayer films have been explored. Chemical processing steps were developed to produce amine-terminated surfaces in a manner compatible with preexisting front-surface metal contacts and dielectric protecting layers. The electrical properties of the monolayer-modified TFTs fabricated using different procedures were investigated. Interchanging the order of the functionalization and contact deposition steps changes the devices transconductance by a factor of 100. Electrical measurements of thin-film transistor devices with three different molecular terminating groups show significant changes in threshold voltage that correspond with the expected charges of the functional groups. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hamers, RJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM hamers@chem.wisc.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Russell, John/A-3621-2009; Hamers, Robert/C-6466-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Hamers, Robert/0000-0003-3821-9625 NR 59 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1608 EP 1615 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2007.02.004 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 186UW UT WOS:000247804900024 ER PT J AU Verykios, VS Pontikakis, ED Theodoridis, Y Chang, L AF Verykios, Vassilios S. Pontikakis, Emmanuel D. Theodoridis, Yannis Chang, Liwu TI Efficient algorithms for distortion and blocking techniques in association rule hiding SO DISTRIBUTED AND PARALLEL DATABASES LA English DT Article DE data mining; privacy; association rules AB Data mining provides the opportunity to extract useful information from large databases. Various techniques have been proposed in this context in order to extract this information in the most efficient way. However, efficiency is not our only concern in this study. The security and privacy issues over the extracted knowledge must be seriously considered as well. By taking this into consideration, we study the procedure of hiding sensitive association rules in binary data sets by blocking some data values and we present an algorithm for solving this problem. We also provide a fuzzification of the support and the confidence of an association rule in order to accommodate for the existence of blocked/unknown values. In addition, we quantitatively compare the proposed algorithm with other already published algorithms by running experiments on binary data sets, and we also qualitatively compare the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in hiding association rules. We utilize the notion of border rules, by putting weights in each rule, and we use effective data structures for the representation of the rules so as (a) to minimize the side effects created by the hiding process and (b) to speed up the selection of the victim transactions. Finally, we study the overall security of the modified database, using the C4.5 decision tree algorithm of the WEKA data mining tool, and we discuss the advantages and the limitations of blocking. C1 Univ Thessaly, Dept Comp & Commun Engn, Volos, Greece. Stanford Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Piraeus, Dept Informat, Piraeus, Greece. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Verykios, VS (reprint author), Univ Thessaly, Dept Comp & Commun Engn, Volos, Greece. EM verykios@inf.uth.gr NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-8782 J9 DISTRIB PARALLEL DAT JI Distrib. Parallel Databases PD AUG PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 85 EP 104 DI 10.1007/s10619-007-7013-0 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 198DU UT WOS:000248608000004 ER PT J AU Ivanov, LM Chu, PC AF Ivanov, Leonid M. Chu, Peter C. TI On stochastic stability of regional ocean models to finite-amplitude perturbations of initial conditions SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS LA English DT Article DE oceanography; wind-driven circulation; current prediction; Stochastic stability; statistical analysis ID QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC MODEL; MULTIVARIATE GEOPHYSICAL FIELDS; ERROR GROWTH; ENSEMBLE PREDICTION; CIRCULATION MODEL; LINEAR EVOLUTION; ALTIMETER DATA; GULF-STREAM; PART I; PREDICTABILITY AB We consider error propagation near an unstable equilibrium state (classified as an unstable focus) for spatially uncorrelated and correlated finite-amplitude initial perturbations using short- (up to several weeks) and intermediate (up to 2 months) range forecast ensembles produced by a barotropic regional ocean model. An ensemble of initial perturbations is generated by the Latin Hypercube design strategy, and its optimal size is estimated through the Kullback-Liebler distance (the relative entropy). Although the ocean model is simple, the prediction error (PE) demonstrates non-trivial behavior similar to that existing in 3D ocean circulation models. In particular, in the limit of zero horizontal viscosity, the PE at first decays with time for all scales due to dissipation caused by non-linear bottom friction, and then grows faster than (quasi)-exponentially. Statistics of a prediction time scale (the irreversible predictability time (IPT)) quickly depart from Gaussian (the linear predictability regime) and becomes Weibullian (the non-linear predictability regime) as amplitude of initial perturbations grows. A transition from linear to non-linear predictability is clearly detected by the specific behavior of IPT variance. A new analytical formula for the model predictability horizon is introduced and applied to estimate the limit of predictability for the ocean model. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Math, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Ivanov, LM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM lmivanov@nps.edu NR 72 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0265 J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans PD AUG PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 199 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2007.03.001 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 186UN UT WOS:000247803900004 ER PT J AU Young, DR Porter, JH Bachmann, CM Shao, GF Fusina, RA Bowles, JH Korwan, D Donato, TF AF Young, Donald R. Porter, John H. Bachmann, Charles M. Shao, Guofan Fusina, Robert A. Bowles, Jeffrey H. Korwan, Daniel Donato, Timothy F. TI Cross-scale patterns in shrub thicket dynamics in the Virginia barrier complex SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE barrier island; sea level rise; hyperspectral remote sensing; shrub expansion; coastal vegetation ID ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; COAST-RESERVE; ISLAND; CLASSIFIERS; GRASSLANDS; CONVERSION; ALGORITHM; ECOSYSTEM; IMAGERY AB To interpret broad-scale erosion and accretion patterns and the expansion and contraction of shrub thickets in response to sea level rise for a coastal barrier system, we examined the fine-scale processes of shrub recruitment and mortality within the context of the influence of ocean current and sediment transport processes on variations in island size and location. We focused on Myrica cerifera shrub thickets, the dominant woody community on most barrier islands along the coastline of the southeastern USA. Observations suggest that M. cerifera, a salt-intolerant species, is increasing in cover throughout the Virginia barrier islands, yet rising sea level in response to climate change is increasing erosion and reducing island area. Our objective was to explain this apparent paradox using pattern-process relationships across a range of scales with a focus on ocean currents and sediment transport interacting with island characteristics at intermediate scales. Multi-decadal comparisons across scales showed a complex pattern. At the scale of the entire Virginia barrier complex, modest decreases in upland area were accompanied by large increases in shrub area. Responses were more variable for individual islands, reflecting inter-island variations in erosion and accretion due to differences in sediment transport via ocean currents. Several islands underwent dramatic shrub expansion. Only for within-island responses were there similarities in the pattern of change, with a lag-phase after initial shrub colonization followed by development of linear, closed canopy thickets. Understanding the fine-scale processes of shrub seedling establishment and thicket development, in conjunction with the influence of ocean currents and sediment transport, provides a framework for interpreting island accretion and erosion patterns and subsequent effects on shrub thicket expansion or contraction across scales of time and space. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Young, DR (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM dryoung@vcu.edu NR 36 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2007 VL 10 IS 5 BP 854 EP 863 DI 10.1007/s10021-007-9084-1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217TC UT WOS:000249969200015 ER PT J AU Marmorino, GO Smith, GB AF Marmorino, G. O. Smith, G. B. TI Infrared imagery of a turbulent intrusion in a stratified environment SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL WAVES; GRAVITY CURRENTS; FRONT; ATMOSPHERE; BORES; BAY AB A time sequence of airborne infrared imagery provides a unique view of phenomena associated with a turbulent tidal intrusion into a stratified bay. During flood tide, cooler water from the Strait of Juan de Fuca is observed to penetrate Sequirn Bay (Washington, U.S.A.) as a turbulent jet. After separating from the shoreline, the jet collapses into the stratified middle part of the bay, forming a mushroom-shaped head consisting of a semicircular plunge front and areas of recirculating flow. As the plunge front advances into the estuary, a set of nonlinear internal waves emerges and propagates toward the relatively stagnant southern part of the bay, where they are a potential source of vertical mixing. This range of phenomena is expected based on laboratory studies, but has not been seen previously in a natural setting. C1 Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marmorino, GO (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM george.marmorino@nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD AUG PY 2007 VL 30 IS 4 BP 671 EP 678 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 216OI UT WOS:000249887200011 ER PT J AU Maddulapalli, AK Azarm, S Boyars, A AF Maddulapalli, A. K. Azarm, S. Boyars, A. TI Sensitivity analysis for product design selection with an implicit value function SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE robustness and sensitivity analysis; multi-attribute decision making ID MULTIPLE CRITERIA PROBLEMS; DECISION-MAKING PROBLEMS; SUPPORT; ALTERNATIVES; MODEL AB In product design selection the decision maker (DM) often does not have enough information about the end users' needs to state the "preferences" with precision, as is required by many of the existing selection methods. We present, for the case where the DM gives estimates of the preferences, a concept for calculating a "robustness index." The concept can be used with any iterative selection method that chooses a trial design for each iteration, and uses the DM's preference parameters at that trial design to eliminate some design options which have lower value than the trial design. Such methods, like our previously published method, are applicable to cases where the DM's value function is implicit. Our robustness index is a metric of the allowed variation between the actual and estimated preferences for which the set of non-eliminated trial designs (which could be singleton) will not change. The DM, through experience, can use the robustness index and other information generated in calculating the index to determine what action to take: make a final selection from the present set of non-eliminated designs; improve the precision of the preference estimates; or otherwise cope with the imprecision. We present an algorithm for finding the robustness index, and demonstrate and verify the algorithm with an engineering example and a numerical example. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Engn Mech, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Azarm, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Engn Mech, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM azarm@umcl.edu NR 29 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 180 IS 3 BP 1245 EP 1259 DI 10.1016/j.ejor.2006.03.055 PG 15 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 149DM UT WOS:000245127200021 ER PT J AU Pohlman, JW Bauer, JE Osburn, CL Coffin, RB AF Pohlman, J. W. Bauer, J. E. Osburn, C. L. Coffin, R. B. TI Carbon isotope evidence (C-13 and C-14) for fossil methane-derived dissolved organic carbon from gas hydrate bearing cold seeps SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM jpohlman@usgs.gov; bauer@vims.edu; osburn@nrl.navy.mil; coffin@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A798 EP A798 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789901812 ER PT J AU Blattner, JM Gable, P Quigley, MM McHale, MT AF Blattner, Jennifer Milspaw Gable, Preston Quigley, Michael M. McHale, Michael T. TI Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the uterus SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PNET; neuroectodermal; uterus; pregnancy AB Background. Primitive peripheral neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) of the uterus are rare. Recent data have demonstrated improved response rates with adjuvant chemotherapy. Case. A 26-year-old, gravida 2, para 1, Filipina female underwent an emergent cesarean section for fetal indications. Intraoperative findings were remarkable for a soft tissue mass in the lower uterine segment. Histologic features, immunohistochemical findings, and chromosomal analysis were consistent with a PNET. The patient underwent radical surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy with vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide and etoposide (VAC/IE), and whole pelvic radiation therapy. Conclusion. Only 14 case reports of primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the uterus have been published in the English literature to date. No definitive conclusions concerning the therapeutic management and prognosis have been ascertained. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP McHale, MT (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM mtmchale@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 8 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 106 IS 2 BP 419 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.04.008 PG 4 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 197VX UT WOS:000248585700022 PM 17537492 ER PT J AU Hegeler, F Jiang, WH Curry, R AF Hegeler, Frank Jiang, Weihua Curry, Randy TI Power modulators and repetitive pulsed power SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Naval Res Lab, CTI, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nagaoka Univ Technol, Extreme Energy Dens Res Inst, Niigata 9402188, Japan. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Hegeler, F (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, CTI, Code 6730,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM frank.hegeler@nrl.navy.mil; jiang@nagaokaut.ac.jp; curryrd@missouri.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9878 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 14 IS 4 BP 765 EP 765 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 196YY UT WOS:000248520800001 ER PT J AU McMorrow, D Ferlet-Cavrois, V Paillet, P Duharnel, O Baggio, J Boos, JB Melinger, JS AF McMorrow, Dale Ferlet-Cavrois, Veronique Paillet, Philippe Duharnel, Olivier Baggio, Jacques Boos, J. Brad Melinger, Joseph S. TI Transient response of semiconductor electronics to ionizing radiation. recent developments in charge-collection measurement SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Workshop on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 27-29, 2006 CL Athens, GREECE DE AlSb/inAs HEMT; charge collection; InGaAsHEMT; laser SEE; single event effects; SOI; transient measurement ID HEAVY-ION IRRADIATION; MOBILITY TRANSISTORS HEMTS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; GAAS-MESFETS; HETEROSTRUCTURE FETS; MECHANISMS; DEVICES; LASER; GATE AB Recent measurements of heavy-ion-induced charge-collection transients are presented. These measurements are possible for the first time because of recent developments in high-bandwidth, single-shot measurement technology, and exhibit several significant advantages over conventional (charge-sensitive preamplifier) charge-collection measurements. Heavy-ion induced transient measurements are presented for InGaAs/InAlAs HEMTs, AlSb/InAs HEMTs, GaAs HFETs and for SOI NMOS devices, and the significant advantages of this approach are described. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CEA, DIF, F-9680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RP McMorrow, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1010 EP 1017 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.986345 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 203MC UT WOS:000248977700022 ER PT J AU Pease, RL Dunham, GW Seiler, JE Platteter, DG McClure, SS AF Pease, Ronald L. Dunham, Gary W. Seiler, John E. Platteter, Dale G. McClure, Steven S. TI Total dose and dose rate response of an AD590 temperature transducer SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Workshop on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 27-29, 2006 CL Athens, GREECE DE dose rate; enhanced low-dose-rate sensitivity; radiation effects; temperature transducer; total ionizing dose ID RATE SENSITIVITY; DEVICES AB The total dose response of the Analog Devices AD590 is presented for a variety of irradiation test conditions. The parts packaged in flat-packs show very large enhanced low dose rate sensitive (ELDRS) response for unbiased irradiation, starting at about 20 krad, whereas parts packaged in TO-52 cans are not ELDRS. The reason for this package sensitivity appears to be a result of hydrogen trapped in the cavity of the flat-pack package. The responses at 10 mrad/s and 3 mrad/s are essentially the same, indicating that the low dose rate enhancement factor has leveled off below 10 mrad/s. Elevated temperature irradiation at 100 degrees C and 5 rad/s does not simulate the low dose rate response. C1 RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pease, RL (reprint author), RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. EM rpease@rlpresearch.com; gdunham@atd.crane.navy.mil; seiler.john@atd.crane.navy.mil; platteter@atd.crane.navy.mil; steven.s.mcclure@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1049 EP 1054 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.892262 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 203MC UT WOS:000248977700028 ER PT J AU Cong, J Han, GL Jagannathan, A Reinman, G Rutkowski, K AF Cong, Jason Han, Guoling Jagannathan, Ashok Reinman, Glenn Rutkowski, Krzysztof TI Accelerating sequential applications on CMPs using core spilling SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE multithreaded processors; scheduling and task partitioning AB Chip multiprocessors (CMPs) provide a scalable means of exploiting thread-level parallelism for multitasking or multithreaded applications. However, single-threaded applications will have difficulty dynamically leveraging the statically partitioned resources in a CMP. Such sequential applications may be difficult to statically decompose into threads or may simply be a legacy code where recompilation is not possible or cost-effective. We present a novel approach to dynamically accelerate the performance of sequential application(s) on multiple cores. Execution is allowed to spill from one core to another when resources on one core have been exhausted. We propose two techniques to enable low-overhead migration between cores: prespilling and locality-based filtering. We develop and analyze an arbitration mechanism to intelligently allocate cores among a set of sequential applications on a CMP. On average, core spilling on an eight-coreCMP can accelerate single-threaded performance by 35 percent. Wefurther explore an eight-core CMP running a multiple application workload composed of the entire SPEC 2000 benchmark suite in various combinations and arrival times. Using core spilling to accelerate C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Comp Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Intel Corp, Bangalore 560037, Karnataka, India. USN, Riva, MD 21140 USA. RP Cong, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Comp Sci, 4731J,Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM cong@cs.ucla.edu; leohgl@cs.ucla.edu; ashok.jagannathan@intel.com; reinman@cs.ucla.edu; kjrutkowski@hotmail.com NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1045-9219 J9 IEEE T PARALL DISTR JI IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1094 EP 1107 DI 10.1109/TPDS.2007.1085 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 182ZC UT WOS:000247541500007 ER PT J AU Krowne, CM AF Krowne, C. M. TI Low loss guided wave propagation in a left-handed microstrip structure using dispersive split ring-rod combination metamaterial SO IET MICROWAVES ANTENNAS & PROPAGATION LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE INDEX; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; REFRACTION AB Split ring-rod combination metamaterial is used as a substrate material in a microstrip guided wave structure to determine what the effect is of a material with potentially excessive dispersion or loss or both. A Green's function method readily incorporates the metamaterial permittivity and permeability tensor characteristics. Ab initio calculations are performed to obtain the dispersion diagrams of several complex propagation constant modes of the structure. Analytical analysis is done for the design and interpretation of the results, which demonstrate remarkable potential for realistic use in high frequency electronics, while showing modes with extremely low loss bands. C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Technol Div, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Technol Div, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM krowne@webbsight.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8725 J9 IET MICROW ANTENNA P JI IET Microw. Antennas Propag. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 1 IS 4 BP 887 EP 892 DI 10.1049/iet-map:20060297 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 204JR UT WOS:000249040400014 ER PT J AU Qbal, RT Barbu, C Petry, F AF Qbal, Raja Tanveer Barbu, Costin Petry, Fred TI Fuzzy component based object detection SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPROXIMATE REASONING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society CY JUN 22-25, 2005 CL Ann Arbor, MI SP N Amer Fuzzy Informat Proc Soc DE component based object detection; fuzzy classifier; fuzzy inference; human-centric hybrid fuzzy classifier; AdaBoost; face detection AB Component based object detection approaches have been shown to significantly improve object detection performance in adversities such as occlusion, variations in pose, in and out of plane rotation and poor illumination. Even the best object detectors are prone to errors when used in a global object detection scheme (one. that uses the whole object as a single entity for detection purpose), due to these problems. We propose a fuzzy approach to object detection that treats an object as a set of constituent components rather than a single entity. The object detection task is completed in two steps. In the first step, candidates for respective components are selected based on their appearance match and handed over to the geometrical configuration classifier. The geometrical configuration classifier is a fuzzy inference engine that selects one candidate for each component such that each candidate is a reasonable match to the corresponding component in terms of appearance and also a good fit for the overall geometrical model. The detected object consists of candidates that are not necessarily the best in terms of appearance match or the closest to the geometrical model in terms of placement. The output is a set of candidates that is an optimal combination satisfying both criteria. We evaluate the technique on a well known face dataset and show that the technique results in detection of most faces in a scale-invariant manner. The technique has been shown to be robust to in-plane rotations and occlusion. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Petry, F (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. EM fep@eecs.tulane.edu RI Petry, Frederick/F-9894-2010 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0888-613X J9 INT J APPROX REASON JI Int. J. Approx. Reasoning PD AUG PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3 BP 546 EP 563 DI 10.1016/j.ijar.2006.06.027 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 203RA UT WOS:000248990500009 ER PT J AU O'Sullivan, DW Tyree, M AF O'Sullivan, Daniel W. Tyree, Michael TI The kinetics of complex formation between Ti(IV) and hydrogen peroxide SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERE; TITANIUM(IV); METHYLHYDROPEROXIDE; HYDROPEROXIDE; PACIFIC; H2O2 AB The kinetics of the formation of the titanium-peroxide [TiO22+] complex from the reaction of Ti(IV)OSO4 with hydrogen peroxide and the hydrolysis of hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide (HMHP) were examined to determine whether Ti(IV)OSO4 could be used to distinguish between hydrogen peroxide and HMHP in mixed solutions. Stopped-flow analysis coupled to UV-vis spectroscopy was used to examine the reaction kinetics at various temperatures. The molar absorptivity (epsilon) of the [TiO22+] complex was found to be 679.5 +/- 20.8 L mol(-1) cm(-1) at 405 nm. The reaction between hydrogen peroxide and Ti(IV)OSO4 was first order with respect to both Ti(IV)OSO4 and H2O2 with a rate constant of 5.70 +/- 0.18 x 10(4) M-1 s(-1) at 25 degrees C, and an activation energy, E-a = 40.5 +/- 1.9 kJ mol(-1). The rate constant for the hydrolysis of HMHP was 4.3 x 10(-3) s(-1) at pH 8.5. Since the rate of complex formation between Ti(IV)OSO4 and hydrogen peroxide is much faster than the rate of hydrolysis of HMHP, the Ti(IV)OSO4 reaction coupled to time-dependent UV-vis spectroscopic measurements can be used to distinguish between hydrogen peroxide and HMHP in solution. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Sullivan, DW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM osulliva@usna.edu OI O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703 NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 39 IS 8 BP 457 EP 461 DI 10.1002/kin.20259 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 189IS UT WOS:000247983200004 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Jacobson, IG Smith, B Hooper, TI AF Smith, Tyler C. Jacobson, Isabel G. Smith, Besa Hooper, Tomoko I. CA Millenium Cohort Study Team TI The occupational role of women in military service: Validation of occupation and prevalence of exposures in the Millennium Cohort Study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE occupational exposures; depleted uranium; militarv medicine; military personnel; veterans ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; POSTWAR HOSPITALIZATION EXPERIENCE; POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; HEALTH REGISTRIES; MENTAL-HEALTH; US; STRESSORS; IRAQ; CARE; COEFFICIENT AB To better understand the US military's global peacekeeping and combat operations, which may expose a growing population of American servicewomen to challenging occupations and environments. Concordance between self-reported and electronic occupation codes for female participants in the Millennium Cohort was measured using kappa statistics. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to assess the odds of five self-reported potentially toxic environmental exposures or disturbing experiences among different occupational categories, while adjusting for demographic and military characteristics, including deployment. Self-reported occupations were moderately to highly reliable when compared with electronic occupation data. Active-duty and Reserve/Guard females differentially reported witnessing death or trauma and exposure to chemical or biological warfare, depleted uranium, or pesticides. Findings suggest that self-reported occupation can be used with a high degree of confidence. Occupational groups with higher odds of reporting military exposures of concern will be followed longitudinally through 2022 and prospectively compared using baseline and follow-up evaluations. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM smith@nhrc.navy.mil NR 37 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-3123 J9 INT J ENVIRON HEAL R JI Int. J. Environ. Health Res. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 271 EP 284 DI 10.1080/09603120701372243 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 200LF UT WOS:000248764200003 PM 17613091 ER PT J AU Crum-Cianflone, NF Burgi, AA Hale, BR AF Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. Burgi, Alina A. Hale, Braden R. TI Increasing rates of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections among HIV-infected persons SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International AIDS Conference CY AUG 13-18, 2006 CL Toronto, CANADA DE community-acquired; methicillin-resistant; Staphylococcus aureus; MRSA; HIV infection; epidemiology ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS; RISK-FACTORS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NASAL COLONIZATION; DISEASE; PREVALENCE; SKIN; MRSA; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Community-acquired (CA) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) rates have rapidly increased in the general population; however, little data on recent incidence rates and risk factors of CA-MRSA infections among HIV patients appear in the literature. A retrospective study was conducted from 1993 through 2005 among patients at a large HIV clinic. Trends in CA-MRSA infection incidence rates, clinical characteristics and risk factors for CA-MRSA were evaluated. Seven percent of our cohort developed a CA-IMRSA infection during the study period. The rate of CA-MRSA infections among HIV-infected population significantly increased since 2003, with an incidence of 40.3 cases/1000 person-years in 2005, which was 18-fold higher than the general population served at our facility. In all, 90% of infections were skin/soft tissue infections with a predilection for buttock or scrotal abscess formation; 21 % of patients experienced a recurrent infection. Risk factors included a low CD4 count at the time of infection (odds ratio [OR] per 100 CD4 cells 0.84, P = 0.03), high maximum log(10) HIV viral load (OR 4.54, P < 0.001), recent use of beta-lactam antibiotics (OR 6.0 for receipt of two prescriptions, P < 0.001) and a history of syphilis (OR 4.55, P = 0.01). No patient receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis developed a CA-IMRSA infection. Over the study period, CA-MIRSA accounted for an increasing percentage of positive wound cultures and Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 37% and 65%, respectively, during 2005. In conclusion, CA-MIRSA infections have rapidly increased among HIV-infected patients, a group which has a higher rate of these infections than the general population. Risk factors for CA-MIRSA among HIV-infected patients include low current CD4 cell count, recent beta-lactam antibiotic use and potentially high-risk sexual activity as demonstrated by a history of syphilis infection. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, HIV Clin,KCA, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. TriServ AIDS Clin Consortium, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Crum-Cianflone, NF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, HIV Clin,KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nancy.crum@med.navy-mil NR 38 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD AUG PY 2007 VL 18 IS 8 BP 521 EP 526 DI 10.1258/095646207781439702 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 201BR UT WOS:000248807000003 PM 17686212 ER PT J AU Finneran, JJ London, HR Houser, DS AF Finneran, James J. London, Hollis R. Houser, Dorian S. TI Modulation rate transfer functions in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) with normal hearing and high-frequency hearing loss SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-NEUROETHOLOGY SENSORY NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dolphin; hearing; evoked potential; MRTF; envelope following response ID ENVELOPE-FOLLOWING RESPONSE; AUDITORY-EVOKED-POTENTIALS; BRAIN-STEM RESPONSE; SCALP POTENTIALS; GRAMPUS-GRISEUS; RISSOS DOLPHIN; THRESHOLDS; DISCRIMINATION; SENSITIVITY; AUDIOGRAMS AB Envelope following responses were measured in two bottlenose dolphins in response to sinusoidal amplitude modulated tones with carrier frequencies from 20 to 60 kHz and modulation rates from 100 to 5,000 Hz. One subject had elevated hearing thresholds at higher frequencies, with threshold differences between subjects varying from +/- 4 dB at 20 and 30 kHz to +40 dB at 50 and 60 kHz. At each carrier frequency, evoked response amplitudes and phase angles were plotted with respect to modulation frequency to construct modulation rate transfer functions. Results showed that both subjects could follow the stimulus envelope components up to at least 2,000 Hz, regardless of carrier frequency. There were no substantial differences in modulation rate transfer functions for the two subjects suggesting that reductions in hearing sensitivity did not result in reduced temporal processing ability. In contrast to earlier studies, phase data showed group delays of approximately 3.5 ms across the tested frequency range, implying generation site(s) within the brainstem rather than the periphery at modulation rates from 100 to 1,600 Hz. This discrepancy is believed to be the result of undersampling of the modulation rate during previous phase measurements. C1 USN, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Biomimet, Santee, CA 92071 USA. RP Finneran, JJ (reprint author), USN, Marine Mammal Program, Code 2351,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM james.finneran@navy.mil OI Houser, Dorian/0000-0002-0960-8528 NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-7594 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL A JI J. Comp. Physiol. A -Neuroethol. Sens. Neural Behav. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 193 IS 8 BP 835 EP 843 DI 10.1007/s00359-007-0238-6 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Physiology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology; Zoology GA 194YB UT WOS:000248378600003 PM 17520261 ER PT J AU Trammell, SA Lowy, DA Seferos, DS Moore, M Bazan, GC Lebedev, N AF Trammell, Scott A. Lowy, Daniel A. Seferos, Dwight S. Moore, Martin Bazan, Guillermo C. Lebedev, Nikolai TI Heterogeneous electron transfer of quinone-hydroquinone in alkaline solutions at gold electrode surfaces: Comparison of saturated and unsaturated bridges SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hydroquinone; proton-coupled electron transfer; rate and mechanism of electron transfer; oligo(phenylene vinylene) (OPV) ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; CONCERTED PROTON; ALKANETHIOL MONOLAYERS; KINETICS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; DEPENDENCE; CONSTANT; COMPLEX; PH AB We compare the electron transfer (ET) rates of hydroquinone self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold electrodes containing either an alkane or pi-delocalized oligo(phenylene vinylene) (OPV) bridge at basic pH (between pH 8 and 12.6). The hydroquinone SAMs were diluted with octane-l-thiol. Cyclic voltammograms of the quinone/hydroquinone (Q/H(2)Q) couple allowed the peak-to-peak separation of the anodic and catholic peak potentials to be analyzed and apparent rate constants (k(app)) to be determined using Laviron's formalism. We found that a simple rate law containing one equilibrium constant (K-AH) and two rate constants (k(AH) and k(A)) describes the dependence of k(app) as a function of pH. From this model, the ratio of the rate constants for the protonated form H(2)Q, k(AH) ((opv))/k(AH) ((alk)) was similar to 800, and the ratio of the de-protonated form, HQ(-), k(A(OPV))/k(A(alk)) was similar to 2. The large ratio at pH < pK(AH) suggests that, for protonated H(2)Q, the ability of the OPV bridges to tunnel electrons significantly affects the overall rate. The small ratio at strongly basic pH (> K-p(AH)) implies that, for the de-protonated form HQ-, the overall ET rate is less sensitive to the bridge. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Polymers & Organ Solids, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Polymers & Organ Solids, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Trammell, SA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM trammell@nrl.navy.mil RI Bazan, Guillermo/B-7625-2014; OI Lowy, Daniel/0000-0003-2210-6757 NR 34 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1572-6657 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 606 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.04.008 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 193CH UT WOS:000248250700005 ER PT J AU Gorzkowski, EP Pan, MJ Bender, B Wu, CCM AF Gorzkowski, E. P. Pan, M.-J. Bender, B. Wu, C. C. M. TI Glass-ceramics of barium strontium titanate for high energy density capacitors SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROCERAMICS LA English DT Article DE glass-ceramic; breakdown strength; ferroelectric materials ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; CRYSTALLIZATION; COMPONENTS AB Barium strontium titanate glass-ceramics were successfully produced with one major crystalline phase when Al2O3 was added to the melt. A dielectric constant of 1000 and a breakdown strength of 800 kV/cm was achieved; however the energy density was only measured to be 0.3-0.9 J/cm(3). These energy density values were lower than anticipated due to the presence of dendrites and pores in the microstructure. Using BaF2 as a refining agent improved the microstructure and doubled the energy density for BST 80/20 samples. However, no refining agent reduced the increasing amount of hysteresis that developed with increasing applied electric field. This phenomenon is believed to be due to interfacial polarization. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gorzkowski, EP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gorzkows@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 111 Z9 120 U1 8 U2 68 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-3449 J9 J ELECTROCERAM JI J. Electroceram. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3-4 BP 269 EP 276 DI 10.1007/s10832-007-9127-1 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 198JV UT WOS:000248625300013 ER PT J AU Canedy, CL Aifer, EH Vurgaftman, I Tischler, JG Meyer, JR Warner, JH Jackson, EM AF Canedy, C. L. Aifer, E. H. Vurgaftman, I. Tischler, J. G. Meyer, J. R. Warner, J. H. Jackson, E. M. TI Antimonide type-II "W" photodiodes with long-wave infrared R(0)A comparable to HgCdTe SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-IV Materials CY OCT 10-12, 2006 CL Newport Beach, CA DE type-II superlattice (T2SL); strained layer SL; GaSb; III-V; IR detector; long-wave infrared (LWIR); photodiode ID WAVELENGTH AB The recent development of graded-gap W-structured superlattices (GG-Ws) has led to a substantial improvement in the dark current performance of infrared photodiodes implemented with type-II superlattices (T2SLs). A study often GG-W photodiode wafers with 50% power responsivity cutoffs from 9 mu m to 13.4 mu m is presented. Dark current performance has increased by a factor of 10 over that of previous type-II structures, without degrading quantum efficiency. In relation to HgCdTe (MCT) based photodiodes, several samples in the study show effective dynamic-resistance-area products close to the MCT trend line for diffusion-limited ROA. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Canedy, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jerry.meyer@nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 36 IS 8 BP 852 EP 856 DI 10.1007/s11664!007-0109-5 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 207MK UT WOS:000249255000008 ER PT J AU Lindle, JR Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Thomas, ML Tennant, WE Edwall, DD Piquette, E AF Lindle, J. R. Bewley, W. W. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. Thomas, M. L. Tennant, W. E. Edwall, D. D. Piquette, E. TI MCT-on-silicon negative luminescence devices with high efficiency SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-IV Materials CY OCT 10-12, 2006 CL Newport Beach, CA DE negative luminescence; photodetectors; mercury cadmium telluride; silicon ID HGCDTE AB We used an InSb radiometric thermal imager to characterize the performance of 1" x 1" negative luminescent (NL) arrays. The devices grown on both CdZnTe (two arrays) and silicon (three arrays) as substrates have cut-off wavelengths ranging from 5.3 mu m to 6.0 mu m. The reverse-bias saturation current densities range from 0.3 A cm(-2) (lambda(co) cm(-2) 5.3 mu m) to 1 A cm(-2 ()lambda(co)= 6.0 mu m). The apparent array temperatures decrease by 37.9 K to 42.8 K under reverse bias, which corresponds to external NL efficiencies of 80-85%. Most of the inefficiency results from the non-ideal AR coating, whose reflectivity is approximate to 15% when weighted over the black body and atmospheric transmission spectra. It is highly encouraging that both the electrical and NL properties are slightly superior for the devices grown on silicon substrates. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Teledyne Imaging Sensors, Camarillo, CA 90312 USA. RP Lindle, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lindle@nrl.navy.mil RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 36 IS 8 BP 988 EP 992 DI 10.1007/s11664-007-0152-2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 207MK UT WOS:000249255000029 ER PT J AU Abelev, AV Gutta, SK Lade, PV Yamamuro, JA AF Abelev, Andrei V. Gutta, Suresh K. Lade, Poul V. Yamamuro, Jerry A. TI Modeling cross anisotropy in granular materials SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID KINEMATIC HARDENING MODEL; UNDRAINED CYCLIC BEHAVIOR; STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR; 3-DIMENSIONAL BEHAVIOR; PLASTICITY MODEL; INHERENT ANISOTROPY; SURFACE PLASTICITY; MICROPLANE MODEL; COHESIVE SOILS; SAND AB A constitutive model has been developed to capture the behavior of cross-anisotropic frictional materials. The elastoplastic, single hardening model for isotropic materials serves as the basic framework. Based on the experimental results of cross-anisotropic sands in isotropic compression tests, the principal stress coordinate system is rotated such that the model operates isotropically within the rotated framework. Experimental plastic work contours on the octahedral plane are plotted for a series of true triaxial tests on dense Santa Monica Beach sand to study the effects of cross anisotropy on the evolution of yield surfaces. The amount of rotation of the yield and plastic potential surfaces decreases to zero (isotropic state) with loading. The model is constructed for cases where the principal stress and material symmetry axes are collinear and no significant rotation of principal stresses occur. The model incorporates fourteen parameters that can be determined from simple experiments, such as isotropic compression, drained triaxial compression, and triaxial extension tests. A series of true triaxial and isotropic compression tests on dense Santa Monica Beach sand are used as a basis for verification of the capabilities of the proposed model. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. AGES Inc, Canonsburg, PA 15317 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Civil Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Abelev, AV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Bldg 1005,Code 7430, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 64 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9399 EI 1943-7889 J9 J ENG MECH JI J. Eng. Mech. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 133 IS 8 BP 919 EP 932 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2007)133:8(919) PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 198SU UT WOS:000248648600007 ER PT J AU Stockard, TK Levenson, DH Berg, L Fransioli, JR Baranov, EA Ponganis, PJ AF Stockard, T. K. Levenson, D. H. Berg, L. Fransioli, J. R. Baranov, E. A. Ponganis, P. J. TI Blood oxygen depletion during rest-associated apneas of northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blood gases; oxygen; P-O2; elephant seal; apnea ID WEDDELL SEALS; HEART-RATE; SLEEP-APNEA; PUPS; VOLUME; DETERMINANTS; METABOLISM; CHEMISTRY; PATTERNS; EXCHANGE AB Blood gases (P-O2, P-CO2, pH), oxygen content, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration were measured during rest-associated apneas of nine juvenile northern elephant seals. In conjunction with blood volume determinations, these data were used to determine total blood oxygen stores, the rate and magnitude of blood O-2 depletion, the contribution of the blood O-2 store to apneic metabolic rate, and the egree of hypoxemia that occurs during these breath-holds. Mean body mass was 66 +/- 9.7 kg (+/- s.d.); blood volume was 196 +/- 20 ml kg(-1); and hemoglobin concentration was 23.5 +/- 1.5 g dl(-1). Rest apneas ranged in duration from 3.1 to 10.9 min. Arterial P-O2 declined exponentially during apnea, ranging between a maximum of 108 mmHg and a minimum of 18 mmHg after a 9.1 min breath-hold. Venous P-O2 values were indistinguishable from arterial values after the first minute of apnea; the lowest venous P-O2 recorded was 15 mmHg after a 7.8 min apnea. O-2 contents were also similar between the arterial and venous systems, declining linearly at rates of 2.3 and 2.0 ml O-2 dl(-1) min (-1), respectively, from mean initial values of 27.2 and 26.0 ml O-2 dl(-1). These blood O-2 depletion rates are approximately twice the reported values during forced submersion and are consistent with maintenance of previously measured high cardiac outputs during rest-associated breath-holds. During a typical 7-min apnea, seals consumed, on average, 56% of the initial blood O-2 store of 52 ml O-2 kg(-1); this contributed 4.2 ml O-2 kg(-1) min(-1) to total body metabolic rate during the breath-hold. Extreme hypoxemic tolerance in these seals was demonstrated by arterial P-O2 values during late apnea that were less than human thresholds for shallow-water blackout. Despite such low P-O2s, there was no evidence of significant anaerobic metabolism, as changes in blood pH were minimal and attributable to increased P-CO2. These findings and the previously reported lack of lactate accumulation during these breath- holds are consistent with the maintenance of aerobic metabolism even at low oxygen tensions during rest- associated apneas. Such hypoxemic tolerance is necessary in order to allow dissociation of O-2 from hemoglobin and provide effective utilization of the blood O-2 store. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN Med Ctr, Balboa Hosp, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Limnol Inst, Siberian Div, Irkutsk 664003, Russia. RP Ponganis, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM pponganis@ucsd.edu NR 41 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 210 IS 15 BP 2607 EP 2617 DI 10.1242/jeb.008078 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 205LT UT WOS:000249116000012 PM 17644675 ER PT J AU Deng, Y AF Deng, Yong TI Remolding great power politics: China's strategic partnerships with Russia, the European Union, and India SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Political-Science-Association CY AUG 31-SEP 03, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Polit Sci Assoc DE Sino-Russian ties; strategic partnership; Sino-EU relationship; Sino-Indian relationship ID US AB The article investigates China's strategic partnerships with Russia, the European Union (EU), and India. The bulk of it is devoted to a comprehensive inquiry into Sino-Russian strategic partnership. An analysis is also offered on China's strategic partnerships with EU and India. Through a comparative study, it is clear that these partnerships are driven by a common political commitment by China and the other three major powers to maintaining a mutually positive interactive pattern in their relationships. Despite competitive dynamics in these dyads, China's partnership diplomacy has reflected its successful effort to remold great power politics such that the international environment is overall friendly to its rise. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Deng, Y (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 105 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PD AUG-OCT PY 2007 VL 30 IS 4-5 BP 863 EP 903 DI 10.1080/01402390701432046 PG 41 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 207IF UT WOS:000249244100010 ER PT J AU Finneran, JJ Schlundt, CE Branstetter, B Dear, RL AF Finneran, James J. Schlundt, Carolyn E. Branstetter, Brian Dear, Randall L. TI Assessing temporary threshold shift in a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) using multiple simultaneous auditory evoked potentials SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STEADY-STATE RESPONSES; MASKED HEARING THRESHOLDS; DAMAGE-RISK CRITERIA; BRAIN-STEM RESPONSE; OCTAVE-BAND NOISE; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; LATERAL SUPPRESSION; GRAMPUS-GRISEUS; RISSOS DOLPHIN; SYSTEM AB Hearing sensitivity was measured in a bottlenose dolphin before and after exposure to an intense 20-kHz fatiguing tone in three different experiments. In each experiment, hearing was characterized using both the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) and behavioral methods. In experiments I and 2, ASSR stimuli consisted of seven frequency-modulated tones, each with a unique carrier and modulation frequency. The tones were simultaneously presented to the subject and the ASSR at each modulation rate measured to determine the effects of the sound exposure at the corresponding carrier frequency. In experiment 3 behavioral thresholds and ASSR input-output functions were measured at a single frequency before and after three exposures. Hearing loss was frequency-dependent, with the largest temporary threshold shifts occurring (in order) at 30, 40, and 20 kHz. ASSR threshold shifts reached 40-45 dB and were always larger than behavioral shifts (19-33 dB). The ASSR input-output functions were represented as the sum of two processes: a low threshold, saturating process and a higher threshold, linear process, that react and recover to fatigue at different rates. the loss of the near-threshold saturating process after exposure may explain the discrepancies between the ASSR and behavioral threshold shifts. (C) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EDO Profess Serv, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. RP Finneran, JJ (reprint author), USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Code 2351,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 61 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 122 IS 2 BP 1249 EP 1264 DI 10.1121/1.2749447 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 198RB UT WOS:000248644100052 PM 17672671 ER PT J AU Hodyss, D Nolan, DS AF Hodyss, Daniel Nolan, David S. TI Linear anelastic equations for atmospheric vortices SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE-LIKE VORTICES; 3-DIMENSIONAL PERTURBATIONS; SCALE ANALYSIS; APPROXIMATION; CONSERVATION; INSTABILITY; CONVECTION; EVOLUTION; PRESSURE; MOTION AB A linear anelastic-vortex model is derived using assumptions appropriate to waves on vortices with scales similar to tropical cyclones. The equation set is derived through application of a multiple-scaling technique, such that the radial variations of the thermodynamic fields are incorporated into the reference state. The primary assumption required for the model is that the horizontal variations in the thermodynamic variables describing the reference state are appreciably longer than the waves on the vortex. This new version of the anelastic system makes no approximation to the requirements for hydrostatic and gradient wind balance, or the buoyancy frequency, in the core of the vortex. A small but measurable improvement in the performance of the new equation set is demonstrated through simulations of gravity waves and vortex-Rossby waves in a baroclinic vortex. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA. RP Hodyss, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM danhodyss@yahoo.com NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 64 IS 8 BP 2947 EP 2959 DI 10.1175/JAS3991.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 199WW UT WOS:000248726900011 ER PT J AU Parkhomenko, Y Horowitz, M Menyuk, CR Carruthers, TF AF Parkhomenko, Yurij Horowitz, Moshe Menyuk, Curtis R. Carruthers, Thomas F. TI Theoretical study of an actively mode-locked fiber laser stabilized by an intracavity Fabry-Perot etalon: linear regime SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TIMING JITTER; RING LASER; LOCKING AB We study theoretically the effect of an intracavity etalon on actively mode-locked fiber lasers by solving the master equation for the laser when nonlinearity in the laser is negligible. The first-order dispersion of the material inside the etalon can increase the pulse duration by a factor of 10. The minimum pulse duration is obtained when the relative frequency offset between the free spectral range of the etalon and the modulation frequency of the active mode locking is of the order of 10(-2). The group-velocity dispersion of the material inside the etalon as well as the finesse of the etalon affect the total cavity dispersion. The etalon helps to suppress both a simultaneous lasing in several supermodes and lasing in higher-order pulse modes of the master equation. The etalon also helps lock the central wavelength of the laser to the etalon comb. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Horowitz, M (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM horowitz@ee.technion.ac.il NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1793 EP 1802 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.24.001793 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 194PL UT WOS:000248356200017 ER PT J AU Chen, RC Feinberg, EA AF Chen, Richard C. Feinberg, Eugene A. TI Non-randomized policies for constrained Markov decision processes SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE constrained Markov; decision processes; dynamic programming; non-randomized policies AB This paper addresses constrained Markov decision processes, with expected discounted total cost criteria, which are controlled by non-randomized policies. A dynamic programming approach is used to construct optimal policies. The convergence of the series of finite horizon value functions to the infinite horizon value function is also shown. A simple example illustrating an application is presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Chen, RC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Code 5341, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rchen@radar.nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU PHYSICA-VERLAG GMBH & CO PI HEIDELBERG PA PO BOX 10 52 80, 69042 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1432-2994 J9 MATH METHOD OPER RES JI Math. Method Oper. Res. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 66 IS 1 BP 165 EP 179 DI 10.1007/s00186-006-0133-x PG 15 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 189SH UT WOS:000248008300010 ER PT J AU Zega, TJ Cosarinsky, M Stroud, RM McKeegan, KD AF Zega, T. J. Cosarinsky, M. Stroud, R. M. McKeegan, K. D. TI FIB-TEM study of a wark-lovering rim in an allende type-A CAI SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 13-17, 2007 CL Tucson, AZ SP Meteorit Soc, Univ Arizona Lunar & Planetary Lab, Univ Arizona Dept Geosci, Univ Arizona Coll Sci, Life & Planets Astrobiol Ctr, NSF Arizona AMS Lab, SW Meteorite Ctr, Steward Observ, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Planetary Sci Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Lockheed Martin, Cameca, New Wave, Planetary Studies Fdn, Thermo Finnigan, Univ Arizona Press, Tucson Visitors & Convent Bur, Univ Arizona Dept Phys ID INCLUSIONS; CHONDRITES C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM tzega@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 SU S BP A169 EP A169 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200HZ UT WOS:000248755800321 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Li, T Weng, F Wu, CC Xu, L AF Zhang, X. Li, T. Weng, F. Wu, C.-C. Xu, L. TI Reanalysis of western Pacific typhoons in 2004 with multi-satellite observations SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; SATELLITE-DERIVED WINDS; HURRICANE FLORENCE 1988; Z-R RELATIONSHIP; TROPICAL CYCLONE; MESOSCALE MODEL; DIGITAL-FILTER; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; RAINFALL ASSIMILATION; PRECIPITABLE WATER AB A pilot tropical cyclone reanalysis project was conducted to construct a reliable, high temporal and spatial resolution tropical cyclone dataset for selected western Pacific typhoons in summer 2004, with the application of the latest satellite observations and a 4-dimensional variational data assimilation method. Primary data used for the reanalysis \include SSM/I rain rate, GOES-retrieved upper-level wind, QuikSCAT surface wind, Aqua AIRS/AMSU retrieved temperature and moisture profiles, and JTWC best track data. A regular reanalysis procedure was established and up to 12 western Pacific typhoons have been reanalyzed. The reanalysis period covers the entire life cycle of a tropical cyclone, from a few days prior to its genesis to its final decay stage. A preliminary analysis shows that the reanalysis product significantly improves typhoon intensity, structure, and track, compared to the NCEP operational final analysis. The validation of the TC structure against independent observations shows that the reanalysis reproduces well the asymmetric characteristics of TC rain bands and cloud bands. A further modeling experiment with an initial condition from the reanalysis product reveals a significant improvement in typhoon intensity forecast compared to a parallel experiment with an initial condition from the NCEP final analysis, which provides a further indication of quality of the tropical cyclone reanalysis. The reanalysis product and the raw observational data will soon be posted on the data server of the IPRC Asia-Pacific Data-Research Center ( http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/) for public use. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, IPRC, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, Sensor Phys Branch, Camp Springs, MD USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, IPRC, 1680 E W Rd,POST Bldg 401, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM zhangxin@hawaii.edu RI Zhang, Xin/L-7141-2015; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010; OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179; Wu, Chun-Chieh/0000-0002-3612-4537 NR 67 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 97 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s00703-006-0240-5 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 201DJ UT WOS:000248811400002 ER PT J AU DeMaria, M Knaff, JA Sampson, C AF DeMaria, M. Knaff, J. A. Sampson, C. TI Evaluation of long-term trends in tropical cyclone intensity forecasts SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SCHEME; TRACK FORECASTS; ATLANTIC BASIN; IMPROVEMENTS; PACIFIC AB The National Hurricane Center and Joint Typhoon Warning Center operational tropical cyclone intensity forecasts for the three major northern hemisphere tropical cyclone basins (Atlantic, eastern North Pacific, and western North Pacific) for the past two decades are examined for long-term trends. Results show that there has been some marginal improvement in the mean absolute error at 24 and 48 h for the Atlantic and at 72 h for the east and west Pacific. A new metric that measures the percent variance of the observed intensity changes that is reduced by the forecast (variance reduction, VR) is defined to help account for inter-annual variability in forecast difficulty. Results show that there have been significant improvements in the VR of the official forecasts in the Atlantic, and some marginal improvement in the other two basins. The VR of the intensity guidance models was also examined. The improvement in the VR is due to the implementation of advanced statistical intensity prediction models and the operational version of the GFDL hurricane model in the mid-1990s. The skill of the operational intensity forecasts for the 5-year period ending in 2005 was determined by comparing the errors to those from simple statistical models with input from climatology and persistence. The intensity forecasts had significant skill out to 96h in the Atlantic and out to 72h in the east and west Pacific. The intensity forecasts are also compared to the operational track forecasts. The skill was comparable at 12h, but the track forecasts were 2 to 5 times more skillful by 72h. The track and intensity forecast error trends for the two-decade period were also compared. Results showed that the percentage track forecast improvement was almost an order of magnitude larger than that for intensity, indicating that intensity forecasting still has much room for improvement. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, CIRA,CSU, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP DeMaria, M (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, CIRA,CSU, W Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM mark.demaria@noaa.gov RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; Sampson, Charles/F-5684-2010; DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; NR 20 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 97 IS 1-4 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1007/s00703-006-0241-4 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 201DJ UT WOS:000248811400003 ER PT J AU Peng, MS Maue, RN Reynolds, CA Langland, RH AF Peng, M. S. Maue, R. N. Reynolds, C. A. Langland, R. H. TI Hurricanes Ivan, Jeanne, Karl (2004) and mid-latitude trough interactions SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION; UPPER-TROPOSPHERIC TROUGHS; SINGULAR VECTORS; EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION; EXTERNAL INFLUENCES; PHYSICAL PROCESSES; STORM AGNES; VORTICITY; VORTEX; INTENSITY AB Singular vectors (SVs) constructed from the adjoint model of the U.S. Naval Operational Global Atmosphere Prediction System (NOGAPS) for three Atlantic hurricanes in 2004, Ivan, Jeanne and Karl, are examined to understand interactions between them and a mid-latitude trough system. By optimizing the perturbation energy localized in a small region centered at the 48-hour projected position of a tropical cyclone, the initial time singular vector represents the sensitive region to the final state within the specified region for a specified optimization period. For hurricane Ivan, the SV analysis reveals the merging of a shortwave mid-latitude trough and Ivan to form a new trough system. This new trough system impacted the evolution of hurricane Jeanne in subsequent time through the upstream flow of the trough that moved toward Jeanne. This is consistent with previous studies on the sensitivity of tropical cyclone prediction using SV diagnostics. The SV associated with Jeanne at later stage shows that Jeanne influenced the third hurricane Karl through the trough system as Karl went through extratropical transition and became part of the trough. This effect is magnified when the SV is computed using the moist adjoint system containing large scale precipitation. Detailed diagnostics of the SVs for individual components at different levels show that the sensitivity associated with the trough is very similar for those optimized for Jeanne and Karl, respectively, thus providing evidence that the mid-latitude trough impacted Jeanne and Karl at the same time. This study demonstrates the capability of singular vector in diagnosing complicated interactions among a mid-latitude trough and three co-existing tropical cyclones. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Peng, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. EM melinda.peng@nrlmry.navy.mil OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 97 IS 1-4 BP 221 EP 237 DI 10.1007/s00703-006-0254-z PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 201DJ UT WOS:000248811400016 ER PT J AU Jonker, BT Kioseoglou, G Hanbicki, AT Li, CH Thompson, PE AF Jonker, Berend T. Kioseoglou, George Hanbicki, Aubrey T. Li, Connie H. Thompson, Phillip E. TI Electrical spin-injection into silicon from a ferromagnetic metal/tunnel barrier contact SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXCITATION SPECTROSCOPY; N-TYPE; SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSISTOR; TRANSPORT; DIODES; METAL AB The electron's spin angular momentum is one of several alternative state variables under consideration on the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) for processing information in the fundamentally new ways that will be required beyond the ultimate scaling limits of silicon-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology. Electrical injection/transport of spin-polarized carriers is prerequisite for developing such an approach. Although significant progress has been realized in GaAs (ref. 4), little progress has been made in Si, despite its overwhelming dominance of the semiconductor industry. Here, we report successful injection of spin-polarized electrons from an iron film through an Al2O3 tunnel barrier into Si(001). The circular polarization of the electroluminescence resulting from radiative recombination in Si and in GaAs ( in Si/AlGaAs/GaAs structures) tracks the Fe magnetization, confirming that these spin-polarized electrons originate from the Fe contact. The polarization reflects Fe majority spin. We determine a lower bound for the Si electron spin polarization of 10%, and obtain an estimate of similar to 30% at 5 K, with significant polarization extending to at least 125 K. We further demonstrate spin transport across the Si/AlGaAs interface. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jonker, BT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonker@nrl.navy.mil NR 30 TC 245 Z9 247 U1 2 U2 63 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 3 IS 8 BP 542 EP 546 DI 10.1038/nphys673 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 204RV UT WOS:000249062600016 ER PT J AU Hicks, SF Vanhoy, JR AF Hicks, Sally F. Vanhoy, J. R. TI Undergraduate research using gamma-ray spectroscopy following inelastic neutron scattering SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 20-25, 2006 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Canc Inst, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Univ N Texas, AccSys Technol Inc, Comecer SRL, Natl Electrostat Corp, Synergy Vacuum DE undergraduate research; gamma-ray spectroscopy; lifetimes; nuclear excited levels; gamma-ray transitions AB Undergraduate students at the University of Dallas (UD) have played a significant role in the investigations of the low-lying collective nuclear excitations observed in the Z = 52 isotopes. These studies were undertaken using gamma-ray spectroscopy following inelastic neutron scattering at the University of Kentucky Low-Energy Nuclear Accelerator Facility. Of particular importance in these investigations is the ability to measure gamma-ray Doppler shifts in order to extract lifetimes of excited levels ranging from a few fs to 1 ps. UD students have been actively involved in all aspects of the research from operation of the modified CN Van de Graaff accelerator to comparisons of experimental results with model calculations. An overview of undergraduate involvement in this research will be presented, as well as the most recent results of their investigations. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dallas, Dept Phys, Irving, TX 75062 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hicks, SF (reprint author), Univ Dallas, Dept Phys, Irving, TX 75062 USA. EM hicks@udallas.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD AUG PY 2007 VL 261 IS 1-2 BP 260 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.04.094 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 200SW UT WOS:000248784100067 ER PT J AU Huddle, JR Grant, PG Ludington, AR Foster, RL AF Huddle, James R. Grant, Patrick G. Ludington, Alexander R. Foster, Robert L. TI Ion beam-induced luminescence SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 20-25, 2006 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Canc Inst, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Univ N Texas, AccSys Technol Inc, Comecer SRL, Natl Electrostat Corp, Synergy Vacuum DE ion beam-induced luminescence AB Ion beam-induced luminescence (IBIL) is a technique for materials analysis. An ion beam is used to excite atoms in a target, and visible light emitted from the target material is analyzed with a fiber-optic spectrometer. Since visible light results from outer-shell transitions, IBIL can give information about the nature of chemical bonds in materials, which methods such as PIXE and RBS cannot. We have bombarded various materials, not all of which are transparent, with 2-3 MeV protons, and have collected spectra over the wavelength range of 300-1000 nm. In this paper, we compare IBIL and photon-induced spectra for YAG. We find that the IBIL spectra contain emission lines not present in the photon-induced spectra. We suspect that this is because the selection rules for proton-induced excitation are less stringent than for photon-induced. If this is true, then (1) IBIL may be an inherently more powerful analytical technique than photon-induced spectroscopic methods and (2) some of the states created by ion bombardment may be metastable, so that IBIL might lead to a new laser pumping scheme. Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Huddle, JR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, 572-C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM huddle@usna.edu NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD AUG PY 2007 VL 261 IS 1-2 BP 475 EP 476 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.04.025 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 200SW UT WOS:000248784100115 ER PT J AU Knies, DL Grabowski, KS Cetina, C Demoranville, LT Dougherty, MR Mignerey, AC Taylor, CL AF Knies, D. L. Grabowski, K. S. Cetina, C. Demoranville, L. T. Dougherty, M. R. Mignerey, A. C. Taylor, C. L. TI AMS implications of charge-changing during acceleration SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 20-25, 2006 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Canc Inst, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Univ N Texas, AccSys Technol Inc, Comecer SRL, Natl Electrostat Corp, Synergy Vacuum DE accelerator mass spectrometry; secondary ion mass spectrometry; trace elements; molecular interference; charge state distribution; stripper yields; transmission ID TRACE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SYSTEM; SIMS AB The NRL Accelerator Mass Spectrometer facility was recently reconfigured to incorporate a modified Cameca IMS 6f Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer as a high-performance ion source. The NRL accelerator facility supplants the mass spectrometer portion of the IMS 6f instrument. As part of the initial testing of the combined instrument, charge-state scans were performed under various conditions. These provided the basis for studying the effects of terminal gas pressure on the process of charge-changing during acceleration. A combined system of transmission-micro-channel plate and energy detector was found to remove ghost beams produced from Pd charge-changing events in the accelerator tube. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Knies, DL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.knies@nrl.navy.mil RI Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011; OI Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD AUG PY 2007 VL 261 IS 1-2 BP 582 EP 587 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.04.115 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 200SW UT WOS:000248784100140 ER PT J AU Sundaresan, SG Tian, YL Ridgway, MC Mahadik, NA Qadri, SB Rao, MV AF Sundaresan, Siddarth G. Tian, Yong-lai Ridgway, Mark C. Mahadik, Nadeemullah A. Qadri, Syed B. Rao, Mulpuri V. TI Solid-state microwave annealing of ion-implanted 4H-SiC SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 20-25, 2006 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Canc Inst, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Univ N Texas, AccSys Technol Inc, Comecer SRL, Natl Electrostat Corp, Synergy Vacuum DE ion-implantation; microwave annealing; silicon carbide; sheet resistance; surface roughness ID SILICON-CARBIDE; ACTIVATION; GRAPHITE; NITROGEN; DEVICES; 4H AB Solid-state microwave annealing was performed at temperatures up to 2120 degrees C for 30 s on ion-implanted 4H-SiC in N-2 ambient. The surface roughness in the samples annealed without a surface cap at 1950 degrees C is 2.65 nm for 10 mu m x 10 mu m atomic force microscopy scans. The sheet resistances measured on Al+- and P+-implanted 4H-SiC, annealed by microwaves, are lower than the best conventional furnace annealing results reported in literature. X-ray diffraction spectra indicate alleviation of the lattice damage induced by the ion-implantation and also incorporation of most of the implanted species into substitutional lattice sites. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. LT Technol, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rao, MV (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. EM rmulpuri@gmu.edu RI Mahadik, Nadeemullah/C-8551-2009 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD AUG PY 2007 VL 261 IS 1-2 BP 616 EP 619 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.04.018 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 200SW UT WOS:000248784100147 ER PT J AU Mcmorrow, D Boos, JB Melinger, JS Ferlet-Cavrois, V Paillet, P Duhamel, O Baggio, J AF Mcmorrow, Dale Boos, J. Brad Melinger, Joseph S. Ferlet-Cavrois, Veronique Paillet, Philippe Duhamel, Olivier Baggio, Jacques TI Measurement of the transient response of semiconductor devices to ionizing radiation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 20-25, 2006 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Canc Inst, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Univ N Texas, AccSys Technol Inc, Comecer SRL, Natl Electrostat Corp, Synergy Vacuum DE single-event effects; single-event transients; SET; charge-collection; HEMT; III-V; InAs; InGaAs; SOI; InP ID CHARGE-COLLECTION CHARACTERISTICS; MOBILITY TRANSISTORS HEMTS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; HEAVY-ION IRRADIATION; GAAS-MESFETS; HETEROSTRUCTURE FETS; MECHANISMS; SPEED; LASER AB Recent developments in the measurement of heavy-ion induced charge-collection transients of semiconductor devices are described. The information content of transient SET measurement is significantly enhanced relative to that of conventional charge-collection measurement. Examples of recent measurements on InP HEMT and Sol NMOS devices are presented. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CEA DIF, F-9680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RP Mcmorrow, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD AUG PY 2007 VL 261 IS 1-2 BP 1137 EP 1141 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.04.280 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 200SW UT WOS:000248784100271 ER PT J AU Yu, XK Ma, KB Chen, QY Wang, X Liu, J Chu, WK Shao, L Thompson, PE AF Yu, Xiangkun Ma, K. B. Chen, Q. Y. Wang, Xuemei Liu, Jarui Chu, Wei-Kan Shao, Lin Thompson, Phillip E. TI Diffusion of antimony in silicon in the presence of point defects SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 20-25, 2006 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Canc Inst, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Univ N Texas, AccSys Technol Inc, Comecer SRL, Natl Electrostat Corp, Synergy Vacuum DE high-energy ion implantation; point defect; migration length ID BORON-DIFFUSION; SI; MECHANISMS AB We have investigated the diffusion of Sb in Si in the presence of defects injected by high-energy implantation of Si ions at room temperature. MeV ion implantation increases the concentrations of vacancies, which induce transient-enhanced diffusion of Sb deposited in Si. We observed a significant enhancement of Sb diffusion. Secondary ions mass spectroscopy has been performed on the implanted samples before and after annealing. Rutherford-backscattering spectrometry has been used to characterize the high-energy implantation damage. By fitting diffusion profiles to a linear diffusive model, information about atomic scale diffusion of Sb, i.e. the generation rate of mobile state Sb and its mean migration length were extracted. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77004 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77004 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Ion Beam Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yu, XK (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77004 USA. EM xyu5@mail.uh.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD AUG PY 2007 VL 261 IS 1-2 BP 1146 EP 1149 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.04.178 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 200SW UT WOS:000248784100273 ER PT J AU Barton, O AF Barton, Oscar, Jr. TI Eigensensitivity analysis of moisture-related buckling of marine composite panels SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE buckling analysis; hygrothermal analysis; composite panels ID PLATES; SHELLS AB In this paper, an approximate closed-form solution is presented to compute the moisture-related buckling of symmetric angle-ply laminates. The environment corresponds to a steady state condition, which provides a uniform moisture distribution for the laminate. The laminate consists of four layers [theta/-theta](s) constructed of low, moderate and high stiffness ratio materials. Comparative results using the Rayleigh-Ritz method provides a means of assessing the accuracy of the expression. For certain laminate architectures, several modes must be computed to ascertain the lowest buckling mode, and once identified, provides an excellent approximation for the mode computed using the Rayleigh-Ritz method. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Barton, O (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM obarton@usna.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 34 IS 11-12 BP 1543 EP 1551 DI 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2006.12.007 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 187PS UT WOS:000247860900004 ER PT J AU Barton, O Mouring, S AF Barton, Oscar, Jr. Mouring, Sarah TI On the moisture-related buckling of marine composite panels using approximate analysis SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE buckling; hygrothermal analysis; marine panels ID SHELLS AB A discussion is presented that highlights the growing utilization of composite structures for marine applications. Important to this trend is an understanding of the buckling response of marine panels under hygroscopic loads. Consideration are presented for the use of eigerisensitivity analysis as a means of developing an approximate closed-form expression for computing the critical buckling response in the absense of an exact solutions Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Barton, O (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM obarton@usna.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 34 IS 11-12 BP 1778 EP 1780 DI 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2006.12.003 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 187PS UT WOS:000247860900026 ER PT J AU Domboulas, DI Fargues, MP Karunasiri, G AF Domboulas, Dimitrios I. Fargues, Monique P. Karunasiri, Gamani TI Uncooled infrared-imaging face recognition using kernel-based generalized discriminant analysis SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE infrared imaging; uncooled; image processing; face recognition AB We investigate the application of the kernel-based generalized discriminant analysis (GDA) approach to the recognition of infrared face images collected using a low-resolution uncooled IR camera. Results show that a low-cost, low-resolution IR camera combined with an efficient classifier is a usable tool in uncooled IR face recognition applications, and that best GDA-based recognition performance improves over that obtained with the fisherface approach by 3.96 percentage points, from 94.59% to 98.55%, on the data considered. This study also investigates the effects the number of projection vectors used in the GDA step, the kernel expression, and the specific distance type have on recognition performance. Results show the Mahalanobis angular distance to be the best choice, and that the recognizer computational load may be reduced by decreasing the number of eigenvectors selected in the GDA projection step without significant impact on recognition performance. (c) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 HTAF, C3 Directorate, Avion Div, Larisa 41001, Greece. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Domboulas, DI (reprint author), HTAF, C3 Directorate, Avion Div, Larisa 41001, Greece. EM fargues@nps.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 46 IS 8 AR 087201 DI 10.1117/1.2769638 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 221BB UT WOS:000250200800042 ER PT J AU Harris, JR Neumann, JG Tian, K O'Shea, PG AF Harris, J. R. Neumann, J. G. Tian, K. O'Shea, P. G. TI Longitudinal density modulation and energy conversion in intense beams SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SPACE-CHARGE WAVES; DOMINATED ELECTRON-BEAMS; LOCALIZED PERTURBATIONS; VACUUM ELECTRONICS; PHOTOCATHODES; GUNS AB Density modulation of charged particle beams may occur as a consequence of deliberate action, or may occur inadvertently because of imperfections in the particle source or acceleration method. In the case of intense beams, where space charge and external focusing govern the beam dynamics, density modulation may, under some circumstances, be converted to velocity modulation, with a corresponding conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy. Whether this will occur depends on the properties of the beam and the initial modulation. This paper describes the evolution of discrete and continuous density modulations on intense beams and discusses three recent experiments related to the dynamics of density-modulated electron beams. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20379 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Harris, JR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Tian, Kai/B-8023-2012 NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 026402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.026402 PN 2 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 205ZW UT WOS:000249154700065 PM 17930157 ER PT J AU Riesz, JJ Gilmore, JB McKenzie, RH Powell, BJ Pederson, MR Meredith, P AF Riesz, J. J. Gilmore, J. B. McKenzie, Ross H. Powell, B. J. Pederson, M. R. Meredith, P. TI Transition dipole strength of eumelanin SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; 5,6-DIHYDROXYINDOLE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID; QUANTUM YIELDS; BAND MODEL; MELANIN; MOLECULES; APPROXIMATION; TIME AB We report the transition dipole strength of eumelanin (the principal human photoprotective pigment) in the ultraviolet and visible. We have used both theoretical (density functional) and experimental methods to show that eumelanin is not an unusually strong absorber amongst organic chromophores. This is somewhat surprising given its role as a photoprotectant, and suggests that the dark coloring in vivo (and in vitro) of the eumelanin pigment is a concentration effect. Furthermore, by observing the polymerization of a principle precursor (5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid) into the full pigment, we observe that eumelanin exhibits a small amount (similar to 20%) of hyperchromism (i.e., the reaction process enhances the light absorption ability of the resultant macromolecule relative to its monomeric precursor). These results have significant implications for our understanding of the photophysics of these important functional biomolecules. In particular, they appear to be consistent with the recently proposed chemical disorder secondary structure model of eumelanins. C1 Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Phys Grp, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Riesz, JJ (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Phys Grp, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM riesz@physics.uq.edu.au RI Powell, Benjamin/B-1281-2009; McKenzie, Ross/D-8900-2013; Meredith, Paul/E-6092-2013 OI Powell, Benjamin/0000-0002-5161-1317; NR 78 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 021915 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.021915 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 205ZV UT WOS:000249154600079 PM 17930073 ER PT J AU Altman, EM Manos, GH AF Altman, Evan M. Manos, Gail H. TI Serotonin syndrome associated with citalopram and meperidine SO PSYCHOSOMATICS LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Altman, EM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0033-3182 J9 PSYCHOSOMATICS JI Psychosomatics PD AUG PY 2007 VL 48 IS 4 BP 361 EP 363 DI 10.1176/appi.psy.48.4.361-a PG 3 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 184DC UT WOS:000247620300018 PM 17600178 ER PT J AU Gurfil, P Elipe, A Tangren, W Efroimsky, M AF Gurfil, P. . Elipe, A. Tangren, W. Efroimsky, M. TI The Serret-Andoyer formalism in rigid-body dynamics: I. Symmetries and perturbations SO REGULAR & CHAOTIC DYNAMICS LA English DT Review DE nonlinear stabilization; Hamiltonian control systems; Lyapunov control ID EARTH ROTATION; HAMILTONIAN THEORY; CHAOTIC OBLIQUITY; GAUGE FREEDOM; MARS; MODEL; INTEGRATORS; INSOLATION; VARIABLES; MECHANICS AB This paper reviews the Secret-Andoyer (SA) canonical formalism in rigid-body dynamics, and presents some news results. As is well known, the problem of unsupported and unperturbed rigid rotator can be reduced. The availability of this reduction is offered by the underlying symmetry, that stems from conservation of the angular momentum and rotational kinetic energy. When a perturbation is turned on, these quantities are not longer preserved. Nonetheless, the language of reduced description remains extremely instrumental even in the perturbed case. We describe the canonical reduction performed by the Secret-Andoyer (SA) method, and discuss its applications to attitude dynamics and to the theory of planetary rotation. Specially, we consider the case of angular-velocity-dependent torques, and discuss the variation-of-parameters-inherent antimony between canonicity and osculation. Finally, we address the transformation of the Andoyer variables into action-angle ones, using the method of Sadov. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Univ Zaragoza, Grp Mecan Espacial, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Gurfil, P (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM pgurfil@technion.ac.il; elipe@posta.unizar.es; bjt@aa.usno.navy.mil; me@usno.navy.mil RI Elipe, Antonio/B-8341-2008; Gurfil, Pini/J-2310-2012; OI Elipe, Antonio/0000-0001-5208-4494; Efroimsky, Michael/0000-0003-1249-9622 NR 55 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 6 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1560-3547 EI 1468-4845 J9 REGUL CHAOTIC DYN JI Regul. Chaotic Dyn. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 12 IS 4 BP 389 EP 425 DI 10.1134/S156035470704003X PG 37 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 229ZZ UT WOS:000250846400003 ER PT J AU Zangaro, GA Soeken, KL AF Zangaro, George A. Soeken, Karen L. TI A meta-analysis of studies of nurses' job satisfaction SO RESEARCH IN NURSING & HEALTH LA English DT Review DE job satisfaction; nursing; recruitment; retention; work satisfaction ID COMMUNITY-HEALTH NURSES; NURSING PRACTICE; HOSPITAL NURSES; ANTICIPATED TURNOVER; SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS; REGISTERED NURSES; CONTROLLED-TRIALS; GREY LITERATURE; CASE-MANAGEMENT; CARE UNITS AB Although several variables have been correlated with nursing job satisfaction, the findings are not uniform across studies. Three commonly noted variables from the nursing literature are: autonomy, iob stress, and nurse-physician collaboration. This meta-analysis examined the strength of the relationships between iob satisfaction and autonomy, iob stress, and nurse-physician collaboration among registered nurses working in staff positions. A meta-analysis of 31 studies representing a total of 14,567 subiects was performed. Job satisfaction was most strongly correlated with iob stress (ES= -.43), followed by nurse-physician collaboration (ES=.37), and autonomy (ES=.30). These findings have implications for the importance of improving the work environment to increase nurses' iob satisfaction. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Zangaro, GA (reprint author), USN, 8901 Wisconsin Ave 18, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 103 TC 140 Z9 143 U1 6 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0160-6891 J9 RES NURS HEALTH JI Res. Nurs. Health PD AUG PY 2007 VL 30 IS 4 BP 445 EP 458 DI 10.1002/nur.20202 PG 14 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 197KX UT WOS:000248555300009 PM 17654483 ER PT J AU Walton, SG Fernsler, RF Leonhardt, D AF Walton, S. G. Fernsler, R. F. Leonhardt, D. TI Measurement of ion energy distributions using a combined energy and mass analyzer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID BEAM-GENERATED PLASMA; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; SURFACE; SUBSTRATE; ORIFICE; SYSTEM; PROBE; PLATE AB A method is described for measuring ion energy distributions using a commercially available, combined energy analyzer/mass spectrometer. The distributions were measured at an electrode located adjacent to pulsed, electron beam-generated plasmas produced in argon. The method uses energy-dependent tuning and was tested for various plasma conditions. The results indicate an improved collection efficiency of low-energy ions when compared to conventional approaches in measuring ion energy distributions. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Walton, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 78 IS 8 AR 083503 DI 10.1063/1.2769352 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 206AQ UT WOS:000249156700017 PM 17764322 ER PT J AU Elsberry, RL Lambert, TDB Boothe, MA AF Elsberry, Russell L. Lambert, Tara D. B. Boothe, Mark A. TI Accuracy of Atlantic and eastern north pacific tropical cyclone intensity forecast guidance SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID TRACK FORECASTS; BASIN; ENSEMBLE; MODELS AB Five statistical and dynamical tropical cyclone intensity guidance techniques available at the National Hurricane Center ( NHC) during the 2003 and 2004 Atlantic and eastern North Pacific seasons were evaluated within three intensity phases: ( I) formation; ( II) early intensification, with a subcategory ( IIa) of a decay and reintensification cycle; and ( III) decay. In phase I in the Atlantic, the various techniques tended to predict that a tropical storm would form from six tropical depressions that did not develop further, and thus the tendency was for false alarms in these cases. For the other 24 depressions that did become tropical storms, the statistical-dynamical techniques, statistical hurricane prediction scheme ( SHIPS) and decay SHIPS ( DSHIPS), have some skill relative to the 5-day statistical hurricane intensity forecast climatology and persistence technique, but they also tend to intensify all depressions and thus are prone to false alarms. In phase II, the statistical-dynamical models SHIPS and DSHIPS do not predict the rapid intensification cases ( >= 30 kt in 24 h) 48 h in advance. Although the dynamical Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Interpolated model does predict rapid intensification, many of these cases are at the incorrect times with many false alarms. The best performances in forecasting at least 24 h in advance the 21 decay and reintensification cycles in the Atlantic were the three forecasts by the dynamical Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Model-Navy ( interpolated) model. Whereas DSHIPS was the best technique in the Atlantic during the decay phase III, none of the techniques excelled in the eastern North Pacific. All techniques tend to decay the tropical cyclones in both basins too slowly, except that DSHIPS performed well ( 12 of 18) during rapid decay events in the Atlantic. This evaluation indicates where NHC forecasters have deficient guidance and thus where research is necessary for improving intensity forecasts. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM elsberry@nps.edu NR 18 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 747 EP 762 DI 10.1175/WAF1015.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 200ZZ UT WOS:000248802600004 ER PT J AU Fu, B Li, T Peng, MS Weng, F AF Fu, Bing Li, Tim Peng, Melinda S. Weng, Fuzhong TI Analysis of tropical cyclogenesis in the western north pacific for 2000 and 2001 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SYNOPTIC-SCALE DISTURBANCES; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; ROSSBY-WAVE RADIATION; CYCLONE FORMATION; PART I; EASTERLY WAVES; MONSOON; TYPHOON; MODULATION; ENERGETICS AB High-resolution satellite data and NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data are used to analyze 34 tropical cyclone ( TC) genesis events in the western North Pacific during the 2000 and 2001 typhoon seasons. Three types of synoptic-scale disturbances are identified in the pregenesis stages. They are tropical cyclone energy dispersions ( TCEDs), synoptic wave trains ( SWTs) unrelated to preexisting TCs, and easterly waves ( EWs). Among the total 34 TC genesis cases, 6 are associated with TCEDs, 11 cases are associated with SWTs, and 7 cases are associated with EWs. The analyses presented herein indicate that the occurrence of a TCED depends on the TC intensity and the background flow, with stronger cyclones and weaker background easterlies being more likely to induce a Rossby wave train. Not all Rossby wave trains would lead to the formation of a new TC. Among the 11 SWT cases, 4 cases are triggered by equatorial mixed Rossby-gravity waves. Cyclogenesis events associated with EWs are identified by the westward propagation of the perturbation kinetic energy and precipitation fields. For all three types of prestorm disturbances, it seems that scale contraction of the disturbances and convergence forcing from the large-scale environmental flow are possible mechanisms leading to the genesis. Further examination of the remaining 10 genesis cases with no significant prior synoptic-scale surface signals suggests three additional possible genesis scenarios: 1) a disturbance with upper-tropospheric forcing, 2) interaction of a preexisting TC with southwesterly monsoon flows, and 3) preexisting convective activity with no significant initial low-level vorticity. Tropical intraseasonal oscillations have a significant modulation on TC formation, especially in 2000. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Fu, B (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM bingf@hawaii.edu RI Fu, Bing/E-7034-2013; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 50 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 763 EP 780 DI 10.1175/WAF1013.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 200ZZ UT WOS:000248802600005 ER PT J AU Knaff, JA Sampson, CR DeMaria, M Marchok, TP Gross, JM McAdie, CJ AF Knaff, John A. Sampson, Charles R. DeMaria, Mark Marchok, Timothy P. Gross, James M. McAdie, Colin J. TI Statistical tropical cyclone wind radii prediction using climatology and persistence SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SIZE ESTIMATION ALGORITHMS; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; AIRCRAFT RECONNAISSANCE; ATLANTIC BASIN; FORECAST SKILL; PART I; INTENSITY; SCHEME; IMPROVEMENTS AB An operational model used to predict tropical cyclone wind structure in terms of significant wind radii ( i.e., 34-, 50-, and 64-kt wind radii, where 1 kt = 0.52 m s(-1)) at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Hurricane Center ( NHC) and the Department of Defense/Joint Typhoon Warning Center ( JTWC) is described. The statistical-parametric model employs aspects of climatology and persistence to forecast tropical cyclone wind radii through 5 days. Separate versions of the model are created for the Atlantic, east Pacific, and western North Pacific by statistically fitting a modified Rankine vortex, which is generalized to allow wavenumber-1 asymmetries, to observed values of tropical cyclone wind radii as reported by NHC and JTWC. Descriptions of the developmental data and methods used to formulate the model are given. A 2-yr verification and comparison with operational forecasts and an independently developed wind radii forecast method that also employs climatology and persistence suggests that the statistical-parametric model does a good job of forecasting wind radii. The statistical-parametric model also provides reliable operational forecasts that serve as a baseline for evaluating the skill of operational forecasts and other wind radii forecast methods in these tropical cyclone basins. C1 Colorado State Univ, CIRA, NOAA, NESDIS Reg Mesoscale Meteorol Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Reg & Mesoscale Meteorol Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. NOAA, OAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Trop Predict Ctr, Miami, FL USA. RP Knaff, JA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, CIRA, NOAA, NESDIS Reg Mesoscale Meteorol Branch, Campus Delivery 1375, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM john.knaff@noaa.gov RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; Sampson, Charles/F-5684-2010; DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; NR 32 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 781 EP 791 DI 10.1175/WAF1026.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 200ZZ UT WOS:000248802600006 ER PT J AU Dinu, CZ Dinca, V Howard, J Chrisey, DB AF Dinu, C. Z. Dinca, V. Howard, J. Chrisey, D. B. TI Printing technologies for fabrication of bioactive and regular microarrays of streptavidin SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Photon-Assisted Synthesis and Processing of Functional Materials held at the 2006 EMRS Spring Meeting CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2006 CL Nice, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE bioengineering studies; ligand-receptor; microfabrication ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; DIRECT WRITE; LASER; BIOSENSORS; PROTEINS; EVAPORATION; DEPOSITION; POLYMER; CELLS; CHIPS AB In this study, we report and compare two methods for fabricating patterns of streptavidin protein using soft litography microprinting technique (mu CP) and laser-based method termed 'matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct write' (MAPLE DW). The mu CP approach is a parallel deposition technique capable of X depositions per stamper. The technique is limited in more sophisticated multicomponent deposition by the size of patterns that can be produced and the features obtained during the transfer process. The computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ability of MAPLE DW overcomes the limitations of the mu CP approach. (i) We establish the science and engineering principles behind the effective transfer of microarrays and (ii) we explore issues regarding the direct immobilization, morphology and function of the deposited protein at the interface with an aqueous environment and in the precision of controlled ligand-receptor reactions. In summary, our objective was to develop simple, robust microfabrication techniques for the construction of model 2D and 3D bioscaffolds to be used in fundamental bioengineering studies. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion, Greece. Max Planck Inst Mol Cell Biol & Genet, Dresden, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY USA. RP Dinca, V (reprint author), Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion, Greece. EM valentina.dinca@inflpr.ro RI Dinca, Valentina Carmen/C-3953-2011; Dinca, Valentina/O-7420-2014 OI Dinca, Valentina/0000-0002-3641-5342 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 EI 1873-5584 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JUL 31 PY 2007 VL 253 IS 19 BP 8119 EP 8124 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.02.199 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 204CI UT WOS:000249020500095 ER PT J AU Stone, RS Anderson, GP Andrews, E Dutton, EG Shettle, EP AF Stone, R. S. Anderson, G. P. Andrews, E. Dutton, E. G. Shettle, E. P. TI Incursions and radiative impact of Asian dust in northern Alaska SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC HAZE; AEROSOL; ALBEDO; CLOUDS; POLLUTION; SURFACE; MODELS AB The Arctic region is sensitive to incursions of aerosols that affect its radiation balance, directly through interactions with solar and terrestrial radiation and indirectly as cloud condensation nuclei. During spring 2002 dust was transported from the Gobi desert passing over instrumented field sites near Barrow, Alaska, providing the opportunity to measure the dust properties. Empirical determinations of the direct radiative forcing by dust were used to corroborate simulations made using the Moderate Resolution Transmittance radiative transfer code, MODTRAN(TM) 5. During sunlit periods, dust cools the surface while warming those layers in which it resides, increasing atmospheric stability. At night, dust layers tend to cool while the surface warms slightly due to infrared emissions from the dust layer. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. Hanscom AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC USA. Spectral Sci Inc, Burlington, MA USA. RP Stone, RS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM robert.stone@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 31 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 14 AR L14815 DI 10.1029/2007GL029878 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 198AE UT WOS:000248598600003 ER PT J AU Alldredge, LMB Woicik, JC Chang, W Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM AF Alldredge, L. M. B. Woicik, J. C. Chang, Wontae Kirchoefer, Steven W. Pond, Jeffrey M. TI Spectroscopic determination of phase in tetragonally strained Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 films at room temperature SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; BATIO3; CONSTANT; DIAGRAMS; EPITAXY AB Sputter-deposited Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin films on MgO(001) substrates with either in-plane (c < a) or out-of-plane (c>a) tetragonal lattice structure distortions were characterized by polarization-dependent Ti K-edge x-ray absorption fine-structure (XAFS) spectroscopy and microwave dielectric measurements. Anisotropy between the in-plane and out-of-plane directions in the films as determined by XAFS provided evidence of spontaneous polarization, and the anisotropy varied with the type of structural distortion. These results explain microwave measurements in which the dielectric properties were significantly affected by lattice distortions and exhibited hysteresis in the in-plane dielectric constant with dc bias at room temperature, suggesting the presence of permanent dipoles. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Alldredge, LMB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lisa.alldredge@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 5 AR 052909 DI 10.1063/1.2766668 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 197ZJ UT WOS:000248595800082 ER PT J AU Zhao, HB Talbayev, D Lupke, G Hanbicki, AT Li, CH Jonker, BT AF Zhao, H. B. Talbayev, D. Luepke, G. Hanbicki, A. T. Li, C. H. Jonker, B. T. TI Ultrafast interface magnetization dynamics in Fe/AlGaAs (001) heterostructure SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; FE FILMS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; GENERATION AB Time-resolved magnetization-induced second-harmonic generation is used to initiate and monitor coherent electronic spin precession in the Fe interface layer of a Fe/AlGaAs (001) heterostructure. The frequency, phase, and hysteretic behavior of the interface magnetization precession are found to be different from the bulk Fe film. The results indicate that faster magnetization switching can be achieved in nanostructures where interface properties dominate. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhao, HB (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. EM luepke@wm.edu RI Talbayev, Diyar/C-5525-2009 OI Talbayev, Diyar/0000-0003-3537-1656 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 5 AR 052111 DI 10.1063/1.2767773 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 197ZJ UT WOS:000248595800062 ER PT J AU Simpson, DS Katavic, PL Lozama, A Harding, WW Parrish, D Deschamps, JR Dersch, CM Partilla, JS Rothman, RB Navarro, H Prisinzano, TE AF Simpson, Denise S. Katavic, Peter L. Lozama, Anthony Harding, Wayne W. Parrish, Damon Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Dersch, Christina M. Partilla, John S. Rothman, Richard B. Navarro, Hernan Prisinzano, Thomas E. TI Synthetic studies of neoclerodane diterpenes from Salvia divinorum: Preparation and opioid receptor activity of salvinicin analogues SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SALVINORIN-A; AGONIST; MINT; HALLUCINOGEN; LIGANDS; TARGET; MICE AB Further modification of salvinorin A (1a), the major active component of Salvia divinorum, has resulted in the synthesis of novel neoclerodane diterpenes with opioid receptor affinity and activity. We report in this study that oxadiazole 11a and salvidivin A (12a), a photooxygenation product of 1a, have been identified as the first neoclerodane diterpenes with kappa antagonist activity. This indicates that additional structural modifications of 1a may lead to analogues with higher potency and utility as drug abuse medications. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Pharm, Div Med & Nat Prod Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIDA, Clin Psychopharmacol Sect, IRP, NIH,DHHS, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Prisinzano, TE (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Pharm, Div Med & Nat Prod Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM thomas-prisinzano@uiowa.edu RI Prisinzano, Thomas/B-7877-2010; OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIDA NIH HHS [DA018151, R01 DA018151, R01 DA018151-01A2, R01 DA018151-02S1, Y1-DA6002] NR 35 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD JUL 26 PY 2007 VL 50 IS 15 BP 3596 EP 3603 DI 10.1021/jm070393d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 191HD UT WOS:000248121300021 PM 17580847 ER PT J AU Eckermann, SD Broutman, D Stollberg, MT Ma, J McCormack, JP Hogan, TF AF Eckermann, S. D. Broutman, D. Stollberg, M. T. Ma, J. McCormack, J. P. Hogan, T. F. TI Atmospheric effects of the total solar eclipse of 4 December 2002 simulated with a high-altitude global model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID 7 MARCH 1970; 11 AUGUST 1999; GRAVITY-WAVES; LAMB WAVES; THERMOSPHERIC RESPONSE; OZONE MEASUREMENTS; UPPER-STRATOSPHERE; MESOSPHERIC OZONE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; PRESSURE WAVES AB The atmosphere's response to the total solar eclipse of 4 December 2002 is studied using a prototype high-altitude global numerical weather prediction model (NOGAPS- ALPHA). Local reductions in solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation during the eclipse are estimated using astronomical calculations of umbral and penumbral surface trajectories and observed solar limb darkening at similar to 200 - 300 nm. In NOGAPS- ALPHA these UVeclipse shadows yield stratospheric radiative cooling rate footprints peaking near 27 K day similar to 1, a value 2 - 3 times larger than assumed in previous modeling. Difference fields between NOGAPS- ALPHA runs with and without this eclipse forcing reveal vertically deep middle atmospheric responses, with three-dimensional horizontal structures very similar to the large-scale "bow-wave" response first proposed by Chimonas (1970). Such structure appears clearly only at later times when total eclipses have abated and gravity waves generated in the stratosphere have had time to propagate vertically. Bow-wave amplitudes and direct thermal cooling responses are both small (<= 1 K for temperature and less than or similar to 2 - 3 m s(-1) for horizontal winds), contradicting some rocketsonde measurements that suggest much larger responses near 50 - 60 km altitude. We also find clear evidence of a bow-wave-like response in the model's surface pressure fields, with an amplitude similar to 0.1 - 0.5 hPa, while surface air temperatures in NOGAPS- ALPHA show similar to 4 K cooling over Africa during the eclipse. Both findings are consistent with surface atmospheric data acquired during previous eclipse passages. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN Observ, Astron Applicat Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Eckermann, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7646, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stephen.eckermann@nrl.navy.mil OI McCormack, John/0000-0002-3674-0508 NR 89 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 25 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D14 AR D14105 DI 10.1029/2006JD007880 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 195OM UT WOS:000248421500003 ER PT J AU Wang, J Daum, PH Kleinman, LI Lee, YN Schwartz, SE Springston, SR Jonsson, H Covert, D Elleman, R AF Wang, Jian Daum, Peter H. Kleinman, Lawrence I. Lee, Yin-Nan Schwartz, Stephen E. Springston, Stephen R. Jonsson, Haflidi Covert, David Elleman, Robert TI Observation of ambient aerosol particle growth due to in-cloud processes within boundary layers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-ABSORPTION; SO2; OXIDATION; AIRCRAFT; H2O2; CALIBRATION; LIMITATION; EFFICIENCY; CHEMISTRY AB Aerosol microphysical and optical properties were measured on board the CIRPAS Twin Otter aircraft during 16 flights at the Southern Great Plain (SGP) site in northern central Oklahoma as part of the Aerosol Intensive Operation period in May 2003. Within well-mixed boundary layers on four cloudy days, vertical profiles measured on board the Twin Otter show that dry aerosol size, volume concentration, and scattering coefficients all increased with increasing altitude, whereas the total number concentration remained essentially constant. A one-dimensional model, which uses simultaneous meteorological measurements as inputs, shows that the observed increase in aerosol volume concentration with increasing altitude is consistent with in-cloud sulfate production at the top of the boundary layer. The sulfate production rate was sufficiently fast to overcome the homogenization resulting from turbulent mixing. In contrast, on cloud-free days, measurements on a second aircraft show nearly uniform aerosol volume concentrations within well-mixed boundary layers. The observed vertical gradients in aerosol volume concentration suggest that even within well-mixed boundary layers, surface measurements may not be representative of aerosols properties ( e. g., loading and scattering coefficients, etc.) at elevated altitudes, especially when SO2 concentration and cloud coverage are high. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93933 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jian@bnl.gov RI Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008; Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011 OI Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X; NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 25 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D14 AR D14207 DI 10.1029/2006JD007989 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 195OM UT WOS:000248421500004 ER PT J AU Bennett, BR Ancona, MG Brad Boos, J Shanabrook, BV AF Bennett, Brian R. Ancona, Mario G. Brad Boos, J. Shanabrook, Benjamin V. TI Mobility enhancement in strained p-InGaSb quantum wells SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; HOLE EFFECTIVE MASSES; CHANNEL; HETEROSTRUCTURES AB Quantum wells of InGaSb clad by AlGaSb were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The InGaSb is in compressive strain, resulting in a splitting of the heavy- and light-hole valence bands and an enhancement of the mobility. The mobility was found to increase with increasing InSb mole fraction for values of strain up to 2%. Room-temperature mobilities as high as 1500 cm(2)/V s were reached for 7.5 nm channels of In0.40Ga0.60Sb. These results are an important step toward the goal of high-performance p-channel field-effect transistors for complementary circuits operating at extremely low power. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bennett, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brian.bennett@nrl.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 15 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 23 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 4 AR 042104 DI 10.1063/1.2762279 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 194LI UT WOS:000248345500044 ER PT J AU Pietron, JJ Stux, AM Compton, RS Rolison, DR AF Pietron, Jeremy J. Stux, Arnold M. Compton, Ratonya S. Rolison, Debra R. TI Dye-sensitized titania aerogels as photovoltaic electrodes for electrochemical solar cells SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE aerogel; titanium dioxide; dye-sensitized solar cells ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; RUTHENIUM DIOXIDE; OXIDE AEROGELS; SURFACE-AREA; TIO2 FILMS; CONVERSION; NANOARCHITECTURES; EFFICIENCY; DESIGN AB We describe the fabrication and performance of dye-sensitized photoanodes derived from TiO2 aerogel. Nanocrystalline titania aerogel is a bicontinuous, nanostructured pore-solid architecture featuring specific surface areas of 85-150 m(2)/g and a continuous mesoporous network, allowing chemisorption of high concentrations of sensitizing dye and rapid mass-transport of electron-transfer mediators. Considerable design and processing flexibility arises with aerogels because the continuous pore-solid networks are fixed by the supercritical drying process, allowing the creation of multifunctional, nanostructured films of single or multiple layers. Titania aerogels can be processed as powders and deposited as nearly opaque films from similar to 2 mu m to > 35-mu m thick while retaining their bicontinuous nanoscale networks. Two-layer, similar to 30-mu m-thick TiO2 aerogel films yield incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) values of similar to 85% in the 500-600nm range and similar to 52% at 700 nm with N719 as a sensitizing dye and after correcting for transmittance of the 3.2-mm-thick FTO-coated glass substrates at these wavelengths. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pietron, JJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeremy.pietron@nrl.navy.mil; rolison@nrl.navy.mil NR 41 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD JUL 23 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 12 BP 1066 EP 1074 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2007.02.021 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 182SQ UT WOS:000247524700005 ER PT J AU Krapels, K Driggers, RG Jacobs, E Burks, S Young, S AF Krapels, Keith Driggers, Ronald G. Jacobs, Eddie Burks, Stephen Young, Susan TI Characteristics of infrared imaging systems that benefit from superresolution reconstruction SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION ENHANCEMENT; TEMPORAL ACCUMULATION; PERFORMANCE; IMAGERS; VIDEO; TOD AB There have been numerous applications of superresolution reconstruction algorithms to improve the range performance of infrared imagers. These studies show there can be a dramatic improvement in range performance when superresolution algorithms are applied to undersampled imager outputs. These occur when the imager is moving relative to the target, which creates different spatial samplings of the field of view for each frame. The degree of performance benefit is dependent on the relative sizes of the detector/spacing and the optical blur spot in focal plane space. The minimum blur spot size achievable on the focal plane is dependent on the system F/number. Hence, we provide a range of these sensor characteristics, for which there is a benefit from superresolution reconstruction algorithms. Additionally, we quantify the potential performance improvements associated with these algorithms. We also provide three infrared sensor examples to show the range of improvements associated with provided guidelines. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. US Army Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Krapels, K (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM krapelk@onr.navy.mil NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 21 BP 4594 EP 4603 DI 10.1364/AO.46.004594 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 191NR UT WOS:000248138500009 PM 17609705 ER PT J AU Dudik, RP Weingartner, JC Satyapal, S Fischer, J Dudley, CC O'Halloran, B AF Dudik, R. P. Weingartner, J. C. Satyapal, S. Fischer, Jacqueline Dudley, C. C. O'Halloran, B. TI Mid-infrared fine-structure line ratios in active galactic nuclei observed with the Spitzer IRS: Evidence for extinction by the torus SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : active; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SEYFERT 2 GALAXIES; X-RAY; EMISSION-LINE; CENTAURUS-A; NGC 1365; XMM-NEWTON; STAR-FORMATION; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS AB We present the first systematic investigation of the [Ne v] (14 mu m/24 mu m) and [S III] (18 mu m/33 mu m) infrared line flux ratios, traditionally used to estimate the density of the ionized gas, in a sample of 41 type 1 and type 2 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) observed with the Infrared Spectrograph on board Spitzer. The majority of galaxies with both [Ne v] lines detected have observed [Ne v] line flux ratios consistent with or below the theoretical low-density limit, based on calculations using currently available collision strengths and ignoring absorption and stimulated emission. We find that type 2 AGNs have lower line flux ratios than type 1 AGNs and that all of the galaxies with line flux ratios below the low-density limit are type 2 AGNs. We argue that differential infrared extinction to the [Ne v] emitting region due to dust in the obscuring torus is responsible for the ratios below the low-density limit and we suggest that the ratio may be a tracer of the inclination angle of the torus to our line of sight. Because the temperature of the gas, the amount of extinction, and the effect of absorption and stimulated emission on the line ratios are all unknown, we are not able to determine the electron densities associated with the [ Ne v] line flux ratios for the objects in our sample. We also find that the [S III] emission from the galaxies in our sample is extended and originates primarily in star-forming regions. Since the emission from low-ionization species is extended, any analysis using line flux ratios from such species obtained from slits of different sizes is invalid for most nearby galaxies. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observ Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20711 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dudik, RP (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 147 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 1 BP 71 EP 87 DI 10.1086/518685 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189QA UT WOS:000248002400008 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD AF Dermer, Charles D. TI Rapid X-ray declines and plateaus in Swift GRB light curves explained by a highly radiative blast wave SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; gamma rays : bursts; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; stars : winds, outflows ID ENERGY COSMIC-RAYS; EXTERNAL SHOCK MODEL; STOCHASTIC PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; PROMPT GAMMA-RAY; VERY-HIGH-ENERGY; BURST AFTERGLOW; FIREBALL MODEL; LONG-DURATION; SOLAR-FLARES; STEEP DECAY AB GRB X-ray light curves display rapid declines followed by a gradual steepening or plateau phase in greater than or similar to 30% of GRBs in the Swift sample. Treating the standard relativistic blast wave model in a uniform circumburst medium, it is shown that if GRBs accelerate ultra-high-energy cosmic rays through a Fermi mechanism, then the hadronic component can be rapidly depleted by means of photopion processes on timescales similar to 10(2)-10(4) s after the GRB explosion. While discharging the hadronic energy in the form of ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray neutrals and escaping cosmic-ray ions, the blast wave goes through a strongly radiative phase, causing the steep declines observed with Swift. Following the discharge, the blast wave recovers its adiabatic behavior, forming the observed plateaus or slow declines. These effects are illustrated by calculations of model bolometric light curves. The results show that steep X-ray declines and plateau features occur when GRB sources take place in rather dense media, with n greater than or similar to 10(2) cm(-3) out to >= 10(17) cm. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dermer@gamma.nrl.navy.mil NR 98 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 1 BP 384 EP 396 DI 10.1086/518996 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189QA UT WOS:000248002400034 ER PT J AU Immler, S Brown, PJ Milne, P Dessart, L Mazzali, PA Landsman, W Gehrels, N Petre, R Burrows, DN Nousek, JA Chevalier, RA Williams, CL Koss, M Stockdale, CJ Kelley, MT Weiler, KW Holland, ST Pian, E Roming, PWA Pooley, D Nomoto, K Greiner, J Campana, S Soderberg, AM AF Immler, S. Brown, P. J. Milne, P. Dessart, L. Mazzali, P. A. Landsman, W. Gehrels, N. Petre, R. Burrows, D. N. Nousek, J. A. Chevalier, R. A. Williams, C. L. Koss, M. Stockdale, C. J. Kelley, M. T. Weiler, K. W. Holland, S. T. Pian, E. Roming, P. W. A. Pooley, D. Nomoto, K. Greiner, J. Campana, S. Soderberg, A. M. TI X-ray, UV, and optical observations of supernova 2006bp with Swift: Detection of early X-ray emission SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; supernovae : individual (SN 2006bp); ultraviolet : ISM; X-rays : general; X-rays : individual (SN 2006bp); X-rays : ISM ID SPACE-TELESCOPE ULTRAVIOLET; CIRCUMSTELLAR INTERACTION; RADIO-EMISSION; SN 1987A; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; SHOCK BREAKOUT; IA SUPERNOVAE; II SUPERNOVAE; SN-1987A; 1993J AB We present results on the X-ray and optical /UV emission from the Type II-P supernova (SN) 2006bp and the interaction of the SN shock with its environment, obtained with the X-Ray Telescope (XRT) and UV/Optical Telescope (UVOT) on board Swift. SN 2006bp is detected in X-rays at a 4.5 sigma level of significance in the merged XRT data from days 1 to 12 after the explosion. If the 0.2-10 keV band X-ray luminosity of L-0.(2-10) (1.8 +/- 0. 4); 1039 ergs s(-1) is caused by interaction of the SN shock with circumstellar material (CSM) deposited by a stellar wind from the progenitor's companion star, a mass-loss rate of. M approximate to (1x10(-5) M-circle dot yr(-1))(v(w)/10 km s(-1)) is inferred. The mass-loss rate is consistent with the nondetection in the radio with the VLA on days 2, 9, and 11 after the explosion and is characteristic of a red supergiant progenitor with a mass of approximate to 12-15 M-circle dot prior to the explosion. The Swift data further show a fading of the X-ray emission starting around day 12 after the explosion. In combination with a follow-up XMM-Newton observation obtained on day 21 after the explosion, an X-ray rate of decline of L-X proportional to t(n) with index n 1.2 +/- 0.6 is inferred. Since no other SN has been detected in X-rays prior to the optical peak, and since Type II-P SNe have an extended " plateau'' phase in the optical, we discuss the scenario that the X-rays might be due to inverse Compton scattering of photospheric optical photons off relativistic electrons produced in circumstellar shocks. However, due to the high required value of the Lorentz factor (10-100), which is inconsistent with the ejecta velocity inferred from optical line widths, we conclude that inverse Compton scattering is an unlikely explanation for the observed X-ray emission. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, XRay Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Osserv Astron Trieste, INAF, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Astroparticle Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, I-23807 Merate, Italy. CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Immler, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, XRay Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Nomoto, Ken'ichi/A-4393-2011; Koss, Michael/B-1585-2015; OI Koss, Michael/0000-0002-7998-9581; Pian, Elena/0000-0001-8646-4858 NR 42 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 1 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.1086/518466 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189QA UT WOS:000248002400038 ER PT J AU Morse, DP AF Morse, Daniel P. TI Direct selection of RNA beacon aptamers SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE RNA; aptamer; beacon; in vitro selection; tobramycin; fluorescence ID IN-VITRO SELECTION; SIGNALING APTAMERS; MOLECULAR BEACONS; PROTEIN AB A method for the direct selection of RNA molecules that can be easily converted into beacon aptamers is presented. Beacon aptamers are fluorescently labeled nucleic acids that signal the presence of a specific ligand through changes in fluorescence intensity. Typically, ligand binding causes an increase in fluorescence intensity by inducing a conformational change that separates a fluorophore/quencher pair. The method presented here simultaneously selects for ligand binding and induction of an appropriate conformational change. The method was tested by selecting RNA molecules that can detect the aminoglycoside antibiotic tobramycin. After 14 rounds of selection, two sequence families emerged. Upon conversion into beacon aptamers, representatives of the two selected sequence families specifically detected tobramycin, while a negative control RNA that did not survive the selection protocol did not function as a tobramycin beacon aptamer. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Morse, DP (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM morse@usna.edu FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS052753, R03 NS052753, R03 NS052753-02] NR 15 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 359 IS 1 BP 94 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.05.072 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 178YZ UT WOS:000247257600016 PM 17533112 ER PT J AU Spano, AJ Chen, FS Goodman, BE Sabat, AE Simon, MN Wall, JS Correia, JJ McIvor, W Newcomb, WW Brown, JC Schnur, JM Lebedev, N AF Spano, Anthony J. Chen, Frank S. Goodman, Benjamin E. Sabat, Agnes E. Simon, Martha N. Wall, Joseph S. Correia, John J. McIvor, Wilson Newcomb, William W. Brown, Jay C. Schnur, Joel M. Lebedev, Nikolal TI In vitro assembly of a prohead-like structure of the Rhodobacter capsulatus gene transfer agent SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhodobacter capsulatus; gene transfer agent; prohead-like; assembly in vitro ID COWPEA MOSAIC-VIRUS; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-CAPSULATA; BACTERIOPHAGE HK97; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; BUILDING-BLOCKS; TRANSDUCTION; PROTEIN; BIOSYNTHESIS; PROKARYOTES; NANOSCALE AB The gene transfer agent (GTA) is a phage-like particle capable of exchanging double-stranded DNA fragments between cells of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. Here we show that the major capsid protein of GTA, expressed in E. coli, can be assembled into prohead-like structures in the presence of calcium ions in vitro. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of uranyl acetate staining material and thin sections of glutaraldehyde-fixed material demonstrates that these associates have spherical structures with diameters in the range of 27-3 5 nm. The analysis of scanning TEM images revealed particles of mass similar to 4.3 MDa, representing 101 +/- 11 copies of the monomeric subunit. The establishment of this simple and rapid method to form prohead-like particles permits the GTA system to be used for genome manipulation within the photosynthetic bacterium, for specific targeted drug delivery, and for the construction of biologically based distributed autonomous sensors for environmental monitoring. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Dept Microbiol, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Ctr Canc, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Spano, AJ (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, Gilmer Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM ajs6z@virginia.edu FU NIBIB NIH HHS [5 P41 EB2181] NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 364 IS 1 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2007.02.027 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 178CG UT WOS:000247198200011 PM 17408713 ER PT J AU Boos, JB Bennett, BR Papanicolaou, NA Ancona, MG Champlain, JG Bass, R Shanabrook, BV AF Boos, J. B. Bennett, B. R. Papanicolaou, N. A. Ancona, M. G. Champlain, J. G. Bass, R. Shanabrook, B. V. TI High mobility p-channel HFETs using strained Sb-based materials SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Antimonide-based p-channel HFETs with a 0.25 mu m gate length have been fabricated with an InAlSb/AlGaSb barrier and a strained In(0.41)Ga(0.59)Sb quantum well channel. The modulation-doped material exhibits a Hall mobility of 1020 cm(2)/V s and a sheet density of 1.6 x 10(12) cm(2). The devices have a maximum DC transconductance of 133 mS/mm and an f(T) and f(max) of 15 and 27 GHz, respectively. These values are the highest reported to date for this material system. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Boos, JB (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM boos@nrl.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 4 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUL 19 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 15 BP 834 EP 835 DI 10.1049/el:20071305 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 202WW UT WOS:000248936100031 ER PT J AU Witek, ML Flatau, PJ Teixeira, J Westphal, DL AF Witek, Marcin L. Flatau, Piotr J. Teixeira, Joao Westphal, Douglas L. TI Coupling an ocean wave model with a global aerosol transport model: A sea salt aerosol parameterization perspective SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE ROUGHNESS AB [1] A new approach to sea salt parameterization is proposed which incorporates wind- wave characteristics into the sea salt emission function and can be employed globally and under swell- influenced conditions. The new source function was applied into Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System model together with predictions from the global wave model Wave Watch III. The squared surface wind velocity U-10 and the wave's orbital velocity V-orb= pi H-s/ T-P are shown to be the key parameters in the proposed parameterization. Results of the model simulations are validated against multi- campaign shipboard measurements of the sea salt aerosol. The validations indicate a good correlation between V-orb and the measured surface concentrations. The model simulations with the new parameterization exhibit an improved agreement with the observations when compared to a wind- speed- only approach. The proposed emission parameterization has the potential to improve the simulations of sea salt emission in aerosol transport models. C1 Univ Warsaw, Inst Geophys, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NATO Undersea Res Ctr, I-19138 La Spezia, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Witek, ML (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Inst Geophys, Ul Pasteura 7, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland. EM mwit@igf.fuw.edu.pl RI Flatau, Piotr/E-2219-2011; Witek, Marcin/G-9440-2016 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 19 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 14 AR L14806 DI 10.1029/2007GL030106 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 193OX UT WOS:000248285000006 ER PT J AU Capaccioli, S Ngai, KL Shinyashiki, N AF Capaccioli, S. Ngai, K. L. Shinyashiki, N. TI The Johari-Goldstein beta-relaxation of water SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; MISCIBLE POLYMER BLENDS; BAND DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; HYPERQUENCHED GLASSY WATER; COMPONENT DYNAMICS; SUPERCOOLED WATER; COUPLING MODEL; SCATTERING EXPERIMENTS; COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; NANOPOROUS GLASSES AB There is a plethora of experimental data on the dynamics of water in mixtures with glycerol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol oligomers, poly(ethylene glycol) 400 and 600, propanol, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), poly(vinyl methylether), and other substances. In spite of the differences in the water contents, the chemical compositions, and the glass transition temperatures T-g of these aqueous mixtures, a faster relaxation originating from the water (called the nu-process) is omnipresent, sharing the following common properties. The relaxation time tau(nu) has Arrhenius temperature dependence at temperatures below T-g of the mixture. The activation energies of tau(nu) all fall within a neighborhood of 50 kJ/mol. At the same temperature where mixtures are all in their glassy states, the values of tau(nu) of several mixtures are comparable. The Arrhenius temperature dependence of tau(nu) does not continue to higher temperatures and instead it crosses over to a stronger temperature dependence at temperatures above T-g. The dielectric relaxation strength of the nu-process, Delta epsilon(nu)(T), has a stronger temperature dependence above T-g than below, mimicking the change of enthalpy, entropy, and volume when crossing T-g. These general property of the nu-process (except for the magnitude of the activation energy) had been found before in the secondary relaxation of the faster component in several binary nonaqueous mixtures. Other properties of the secondary relaxation in these nonaqueous mixtures have helped to identify it as the Johari-Goldstein (JG) secondary relaxation of the faster component. The similarities in properties lead us to conclude that the nu-processes in water mixtures are the JG secondary relaxations of water. The conclusion is reinforced by the processes behaving similarly to the nu-process found in 6 angstrom thick water layer (two molecular layers) in fully hydrated Na-vermiculite clay, and in water confined in molecular sieves, silica hydrogels, and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, CNR, INFM,Polylab, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. CNR, INFM, CRS SOFT Complex Dynam Struct Syst, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Tokai Univ, Dept Phys, Kanagawa 2591292, Japan. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012 OI Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918 NR 89 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 19 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 28 BP 8197 EP 8209 DI 10.1021/jp071857m PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 189CK UT WOS:000247966300038 PM 17585798 ER PT J AU Barron, CN Smedstad, LF Dastugue, JM Smedstad, OM AF Barron, Charlie N. Smedstad, Lucy F. Dastugue, Jan M. Smedstad, Ole Martin TI Evaluation of ocean models using observed and simulated drifter trajectories: Impact of sea surface height on synthetic profiles for data assimilation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; PACIFIC-OCEAN; CIRCULATION; PREDICTABILITY; FORMULATION; SATELLITE; CURRENTS; SYSTEM; NCOM AB The impact of global Navy Layered Ocean Model (NLOM) sea surface height (SSH) on global Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) nowcasts of ocean currents is investigated in a series of experiments. The studies focus on two primary aspects: the role of NLOM horizontal resolution and the role of differences between the SSH means in NLOM and the Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) climatology. To evaluate the impact of changes to the assimilation system, we compare observed drifter trajectories with trajectories simulated using global NCOM over 7-day timescales. The results indicate general improvement in NCOM currents as a result of increasing NLOM horizontal resolution. The effects of accounting for the differences between NLOM and MODAS mean that SSH is less clear, with some regions showing a decline in simulation skill while others show improvement or little impact. These outcomes supported recommendations for operational transition to 1/32 degrees global NLOM with continued refinement to methods accounting for differences in mean SSH. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Planning Syst Incorporated, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Barron, CN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM charlie.barron@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008 NR 30 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 17 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C7 AR C07019 DI 10.1029/2006JC003982 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 193PP UT WOS:000248286800001 ER PT J AU Grun, J Manka, CK Nikitin, S Zabetakis, D Comanescu, G Gillis, D Bowles, J AF Grun, Jacob Manka, Charles K. Nikitin, Sergei Zabetakis, Daniel Comanescu, Gelu Gillis, David Bowles, Jeffrey TI Identification of bacteria from two-dimensional resonant-raman spectra SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; CELLS AB We present the first measurements of two-dimensional resonant-Raman spectra and demonstrate the applicability of the method to the identification of bacteria, including differentiation of genetically similar species. A new device that sequentially illuminates bacteria with different ultraviolet wavelengths and measures a spectrum at each was developed for this purpose. We anticipate that information within such two-dimensional spectra will allow identification of bacteria and chemicals in environments containing multiple organisms and chemicals, leading, for example, to instruments that rapidly identify bacteria in hospital and food plant settings, for screening large populations, and for biochemical-threat warning systems. C1 Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Remote Sensing Div, Naval Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Grun, J (reprint author), Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Remote Sensing Div, Naval Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jacob.Grun@nrl.navy.mil RI Nikitin, Sergei/A-7156-2012 NR 16 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 14 BP 5489 EP 5493 DI 10.1021/ac070681h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 189MI UT WOS:000247992600054 PM 17559190 ER PT J AU Jensena, KL AF Jensena, Kevin L. TI General formulation of thermal, field, and photoinduced electron emission SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOWLER-NORDHEIM PLOT; PHOTOELECTRIC-EMISSION; THERMIONIC EMISSION; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; PHOTOEMISSION; CATHODES; METALS; TEMPERATURE; MOLYBDENUM; MODELS AB The canonical equations of electron emission are the Richardson-Laue-Dushman equation for thermionic emission, the Fowler-Nordheim equation for field emission, and the Fowler-Dubridge equation for photoemission. They are widely used and experimentally well vetted for the determination of current density from electron sources. While all three may be obtained from a general underlying formulation, they are treated as distinct as their domains of applicability do not overlap. Here, a tractable analytical model is given that not only devolves to the canonical equations, but also and more importantly is effective in the transition regions when the emission currents from tunneling, thermal emission, and/or photoemission become comparable but where the canonical equations are inapplicable. The resulting thermal-field-photoemission equation has application to emerging advanced electron sources as well as for emission models required by beam simulation codes. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jensena, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kevin.jensen@nrl.navy.mil OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 59 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 2 AR 024911 DI 10.1063/1.2752122 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 196MD UT WOS:000248485100128 ER PT J AU Freitas, JA Hanser, D Koukitu, A AF Freitas, Jaime A. Hanser, Drew Koukitu, Akinori TI Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductors IV, October 17-22, 2006, Makino, Shiga, Japan - Preface SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Kyma Technol, Raleigh, NC USA. Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM jaime.freitas@nrl.navy.mil; hanser@kymatech.com; Koukitu@cc.tuat.ac.jp RI KOUKITU, Akinori/H-5347-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 305 IS 2 BP 303 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.04.045 PG 1 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 195SJ UT WOS:000248431700001 ER PT J AU Storm, DF Katzer, DS Roussos, JA Mittereder, JA Bass, R Binari, SC Zhou, L Smith, DJ Hanser, D Preble, EA Evans, KR AF Storm, D. F. Katzer, D. S. Roussos, J. A. Mittereder, J. A. Bass, R. Binari, S. C. Zhou, Lin Smith, David J. Hanser, D. Preble, E. A. Evans, K. R. TI Microwave performance and structural characterization of MBE-grown AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on low dislocation density GaN substrates SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductors CY OCT 17-22, 2006 CL Makino, JAPAN DE hydride vapor phase epitaxy; molecular beam epitaxy; nitrides; semiconducting gallium compounds; high electron mobility transistors ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SCATTERING; TEMPLATES; GANHEMTS; NITRIDE; FILMS AB We report on the structural and electrical properties of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy on low-dislocation-density, free standing GaN substrates grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. Structural characterization by atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffractometry reveal a smooth surface morphology, coherent interfaces, an absence of dislocations generated in the epitaxial layers, and narrow X-ray peaks. Hall measurements indicate room temperature electron mobilities of 1750cm(2)/V s at sheet densities of 1.1X 10(13)Cm(-2). High electron mobility transistors exhibit excellent electrical characteristics, including output power densities of 4.8 W/mm at 10 GHz, off-state breakdown voltages of up to 200 V, and extrinsic cutoff frequencies of 36 GHz on devices with 0.45-mu m gate lengths. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Kyma Technol Inc, Raleigh, NC 27617 USA. RP Storm, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Code 6852,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.storm@nrl.navy.mil RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 305 IS 2 BP 340 EP 345 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.04.003 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 195SJ UT WOS:000248431700007 ER PT J AU Murthy, M Freitas, JA Kim, J Glaser, ER Storm, D AF Murthy, Madhu Freitas, Jaime A., Jr. Kim, Jihyun Glaser, Evan R. Storm, David TI Residual impurities in GaN substrates and epitaxial layers grown by various techniques SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductors CY OCT 17-22, 2006 CL Makino, JAPAN DE emission; impurities; freestanding films; grown from vapor; nitrides; semiconductor ID SPECTROSCOPY; DONORS; FILMS; SI AB Low-temperature/high-resolution photoluminescence spectra of thick freestanding hydride vapor-phase epitaxial GaN substrates show intense sharp lines in the near bandedge spectral region, which has been previously assigned to recombination processes associated with the annihilation of excitons bound to neutral Si and 0 donors. Similar studies carried out on unintentionally doped (UID) and Sidoped homoepitaxial films grown by molecular beam epitaxy and metalorganic chemical vapor deposition methods, respectively, supports the previous identification of Si and 0 as the dominant shallow donors in UlD GaN. The chemical nature of these background impurities and dopants were verified by high sensitivity secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The present work confirms Si and 0 as the pervasive dominant shallow donors in UID GaN and demonstrate the usefulness of photolurninescence as a non-destructive technique to identify impurities in GaN. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. George Mason Univ, Dept ECE, Fairfax, VA USA. Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM jaime.freitas@nrl.navy.mil; hyunhyun@korea.ac.kr RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 305 IS 2 BP 393 EP 398 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.03.029 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 195SJ UT WOS:000248431700015 ER PT J AU Feigelson, BN Frazier, RM Twigg, M AF Feigelson, B. N. Frazier, R. M. Twigg, M. TI III-nitride crystal growth from nitride-salt solution SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductors CY OCT 17-22, 2006 CL Makino, JAPAN DE solvents; growth from high temperature solutions; single crystal growth; h-BN; nitrides ID GAN SINGLE-CRYSTALS; NA FLUX METHOD; PHASE EPITAXY GROWTH; PRESSURE; VAPOR; SEMICONDUCTORS; LI AB Single crystals of hexagonal boron nitride were grown by the nitride-salt solution temperature-gradient growth technique. Seeded,growth was performed at 0.2 MPa nitrogen pressure between 760 and 900 degrees C. Growth of BN crystals was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron diffraction to be graphite-type boron nitride. The growth mechanism is under investigation, however, the crystals embedded in the solvent matrix were found to be separated from the seed by a boundary layer which seems to be a result of a solvent-seed interaction. This growth technique can be applied to AIN and to GaN with the application of pressure. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SAIC, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Feigelson, BN (reprint author), SAIC, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM borisf@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 305 IS 2 BP 399 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.03.028 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 195SJ UT WOS:000248431700016 ER PT J AU Freitas, JA Tischler, JG Kim, JH Kumagai, Y Koukitu, A AF Freitas, J. A., Jr. Tischler, J. G. Kim, J.-H. Kumagai, Y. Koukitu, A. TI Properties of Fe-doped semi-insulating GaN substrates for high-frequency device fabrication SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductors CY OCT 17-22, 2006 CL Makino, JAPAN DE emission; impurities; freestanding films; grown from vapor; nitrides; semiconductor ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GALLIUM NITRIDE; LAYERS; GROWTH AB Thick freestanding GaN films were grown by hydride vapor-phase epitaxial method on both pattern-masked and unmasked GaAs substrates. Both approaches resulted on films characterized by a large excess of free carriers at room temperature. The use of a GaAs back surface NiTi substrate protective layer increased the concentration of incorporated iron impurities and yield semi-insulating films. The morphology and crystalline quality of these films show a strong dependence on nucleation layer growth approach and Fe doping concentration. Near infrared photoluminescence and Raman scattering verified the incorporation and activation of the Fe impurities, and its effect on the free carrier concentration. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Eng, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Tokyo 1848588, Japan. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jaime.freitas@nrl.navy.mil; hyunhyun@korea.ac.kr RI Kumagai, Yoshinao/C-1702-2013; Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013; KOUKITU, Akinori/H-5347-2013 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 305 IS 2 BP 403 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.03.031 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 195SJ UT WOS:000248431700017 ER PT J AU Choi, SR Bansal, NP Garg, A AF Choi, Sung R. Bansal, Narottam P. Garg, Anita TI Mechanical and microstructural characterization of boron nitride nanotubes-reinforced SOFC seal glass composite SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE nanocomposite; electron microscopy; mechanical properties; glass ceramics; fuel cells ID FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; CARBON NANOTUBES; STRENGTH AB Barium calcium aluminosilicate G18 glass composite reinforced with 4 wt% of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) were fabricated via hot pressing. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the microstructural features of the G18 glass-BNNT composite. Flexure strength, fracture toughness, elastic modulus, and microhardness of the composite were determined at ambient temperature. The strength of the G18 glass-BNNT composite was greater by as much as 90% and fracture toughness by as much as 35% than those of the unreinforced G18 glass. Microscopic examination of the composite fracture surfaces revealed pullout of the BNNTs. Density, elastic modulus, and Vickers microhardness of the composite were a little lower than those of the unreinforced glass. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Choi, SR (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM sung.choi1@navy.mil NR 23 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 460 BP 509 EP 515 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2007.01.084 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 171HJ UT WOS:000246726200070 ER PT J AU Bass, CR Planchak, CJ Salzar, RS Lucas, SR Rafaels, KA Shender, BS Paskoff, G AF Bass, Cameron R. Planchak, Christopher J. Salzar, Robert S. Lucas, Scott R. Rafaels, Karin A. Shender, Barry S. Paskoff, Glenn TI The temperature-dependent viscoelasticity of porcine lumbar spine ligaments SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE temperature; viscoelastic; lumbar; ligaments; porcine ID MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT; BEHAVIOR AB Study Design. A uniaxial tensile loading study of 13 lumbar porcine ligaments under varying environmental temperature conditions. Objectives. To investigate a possible temperature dependence of the material behavior of porcine lumbar anterior longitudinal ligaments. Summary of Background Data. Temperature dependence of the mechanical material properties of ligament has not been conclusively established. Methods. The anterior longitudinal ligaments (ALLs) from domestic pigs (n = 5) were loaded in tension to 20% strain using a protocol that included fast ramp/ hold and sinusoidal tests. These ligaments were tested at temperatures of 37.8 degrees C, 29.4 degrees C, 21.1 degrees C, 12.8 degrees C, and 4.4 degrees C. The temperatures were controlled to within 0.6 degrees C, and ligament hydration was maintained with a humidifier inside the test chamber and by spraying 0.9% saline onto the ligament. A viscoelastic model was used to characterize the force response of the ligaments. Results. The testing indicated that the ALL has strong temperature dependence. As temperature decreased, the peak forces increased for similar input peak strains and strain rates. The relaxation of the ligaments was similar at each temperature and showed only weak temperature dependence. Predicted behavior using the viscoelastic model compared well with the actual data (R-2 values ranging from 0.89 to 0.99). A regression analysis performed on the viscoelastic model coefficients confirmed that relaxation coefficients were only weakly temperature dependent while the instantaneous elastic function coefficients were strongly temperature dependent. Conclusions. The experiment demonstrated that the viscoelastic mechanical response of the porcine ligament is dependent on the temperature at which it is tested; the force response of the ligament increased as the temperature decreased. This conclusion also applies to human ligaments owing to material and structural similarity. This result settles a controversy on the temperature dependence of ligament in the available literature. The ligament viscoelastic model shows a significant temperature dependence on the material properties; instantaneous elastic force was clearly temperature dependent while the relaxation response was only weakly temperature dependent. This result suggests that temperature dependence should be considered when testing ligaments and developing material models for in vivo force response, and further suggests that previously published material property values derived from room temperature testing may not adequately represent in vivo response. These findings have clinical relevance in the increased susceptibility of ligamentous injury in the cold and in assessing the mechanical behavior of cold extremities and extremities with limited vascular perfusion such as those of the elderly. C1 Univ Virginia, Ctr Appl Biomech, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Salzar, RS (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Ctr Appl Biomech, 1011 Linden Ave, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. EM Salzar@virginia.edu NR 12 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 16 BP E436 EP E442 DI 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3180b7fa58 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 191BY UT WOS:000248106000019 PM 17632382 ER PT J AU Whitney, KG Dasgupta, A Davis, J Coverdale, CA AF Whitney, K. G. Dasgupta, A. Davis, J. Coverdale, C. A. TI Effects of non-LTE multiplet dynamics on lumped-state modelling in moderate to high atomic number plasmas SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION; SPECTRA; LINE AB Two atomic models of the population dynamics of substates within the n = 4 and n = 3 multiplets of nickel-like tungsten and beryllium-like iron, respectively, are described in this paper. The flexible atomic code (FAC) is used to calculate the collisional and radiative couplings and energy levels of the excited states within these ionization stages. These atomic models are then placed within larger principal-quantum-number-based ionization dynamic models of both tungsten and iron plasmas. Collisional-radiative equilibrium calculations are then carried out using these models that demonstrate how the multiplet substates depart from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) as a function of ion density. The effect of these deviations from LTE on the radiative and collisional deexcitation rates of lumped 3s, 3p, 3d, 4s, 4p, 4d and 4f states is then calculated and least-squares fits to the density dependence of these lumped-state rate coefficients are obtained. The calculations show that, with the use of lumped-state models (which are in common use), one can accurately model the L- and M-shell ionization dynamics occurring in present-day Z-pinch experiments only through the addition of these extra, non-LTE-induced, rate coefficient density dependences. However, the derivation and use of low-order polynomial fits to these density dependences makes lumped-state modelling both viable and of value for post-processing analyses. C1 Berkeley Scholars Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Whitney, KG (reprint author), Berkeley Scholars Inc, 6551 Mid Cities Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM whitney@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JUL 14 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 13 BP 2747 EP 2763 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/40/13/017 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 183NF UT WOS:000247578800019 ER PT J AU Reniers, AJHM MacMahan, JH Thornton, EB Stanton, TP AF Reniers, A. J. H. M. MacMahan, J. H. Thornton, E. B. Stanton, T. P. TI Modeling of very low frequency motions during RIPEX SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NEARSHORE CIRCULATION; CURRENT SYSTEMS; CURRENTS; BEACH; INSTABILITIES; INCIDENT; CHANNEL AB Numerical computations are used to explain the presence of very low frequency motions (VLFs), with frequencies less than 0.004 Hz, in the rip current velocity signals observed during the Rip-current field Experiment (RIPEX) field experiment. Observations show that the VLF motions are most intense within the surfzone and then quickly taper off in the offshore direction. By comparing computed VLF intensity (U-RMS, (vlf)) distributions in both the cross-shore and alongshore direction with observations in a qualitative sense, the most important contributions to the VLF dynamics are established. VLF motions at neighboring rip-channels are seen to interact in the computations, with stronger surfzone intensity for increasing bathymetric variation. The intermittent forcing by spatially varying wave groups is essential in obtaining the correct U-RMS, (vlf) distribution in the cross-shore direction, suggesting this is the predominant mechanism responsible for the generation of the VLF motions observed during RIPEX. Computations also suggest that VLF motions can occasionally propagate offshore but are mostly confined to the surfzone corresponding to surfzone eddies. A quantitative comparison shows good correspondence between model computations and measurements of U-RMS, (vlf) with a model skill of O(0.7), with generally increased (decreased) U-RMS, (vlf) during mean low (high) water levels. C1 Delft Univ Technol, Dept Civil Engn & Geosci, Delft, Netherlands. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Appl Marine Phys, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. RP Reniers, AJHM (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Dept Civil Engn & Geosci, Delft, Netherlands. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 13 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C7 AR C07013 DI 10.1029/2005JC003122 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 190BI UT WOS:000248032400001 ER PT J AU Ivanov, LM Melnichenko, OV Collins, CA Eremeev, VN Motyzhev, SV AF Ivanov, Leonid M. Melnichenko, Oleg V. Collins, Curtis A. Eremeev, Valery N. Motyzhev, Sergey V. TI Wind induced oscillator dynamics in the Black Sea revealed by Lagrangian drifters SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLOW DECOMPOSITION; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; SPARSE AB Lagrangian drifter observations of the Black Sea circulation between 2002 and 2003 show six transitions between two meta-stable states representing single gyre structures centered in either the western or eastern sub-basin of the Black Sea, respectively. The major mechanisms driving such an oscillator dynamics are Ekman pumping for the eastern sub-basin, and most likely a resonance excitation for the western sub-basin. The sea strongly amplifies the wind responses of 120-day periodicity. Data analysis demonstrates that two-gyre structure ("Knipovich spectacles'') was a transient between the states. Residence time for the sea to occupy either state is mainly determined by the instability of the gyres, wind variability and, probably, variations in the pycnocline. This behavior is a manifestation of a bimodal dynamical regime which affects the long-term (climatic), large-scale transport and mixing of bio-geochemical substances. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Math, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. San Jose State Univ, Moss Landing Marine Labs, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci Technol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Marine Hydrophys, Marine Environm Informat Technol Dept, Sevastopol, Ukraine. RP Ivanov, LM (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Math, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. OI Motyzhev, Sergey/0000-0002-8438-2602 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 13 AR L13609 DI 10.1029/2007GL030263 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 189YJ UT WOS:000248024300004 ER PT J AU Kanaev, AV Scribner, DA Ackerman, JR Fleet, EF AF Kanaev, A. V. Scribner, D. A. Ackerman, J. R. Fleet, E. F. TI Analysis and application of multiframe superresolution processing for conventional imaging systems and lenslet arrays SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LOW-RESOLUTION; RECONSTRUCTION; REGISTRATION; FRAMES AB Low-cost compact sensors for ultrasmall systems are a pressing need in many new applications. One potential solution is a shallow aspect ratio system using a lenslet array to form multiple undersampled subimages of a scene on a single focal plane array, where processing techniques then produce an upsampled restored image. We have investigated the optimization and theoretical limits of the performance of such arrays. We have built a hardware simulator and developed algorithms to process imagery similar to that of a full lenslet imaging sensor, which allowed us to quickly test optical components, algorithms, and complete system designs for future lenslet imaging systems. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. Northrop Grumman Mission Syst, Reston, VA 20190 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kanaev, AV (reprint author), SFA Inc, 2200 Def Highway,Suite 405, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM avkanaev@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Fleet, Erin/E-8943-2013 NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 10 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 20 BP 4320 EP 4328 DI 10.1364/AO.46.004320 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 184TL UT WOS:000247665000015 PM 17579687 ER PT J AU Mozurkewich, D Restaino, SR Armstrong, JT Gilbreath, GC AF Mozurkewich, D. Restaino, S. R. Armstrong, J. T. Gilbreath, G. C. TI Adaptive optics performance model for optical interferometry SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; SPECTRA AB The optical interferometry community has discussed the possibility of using adaptive optics (AO) on apertures much larger than the atmospheric coherence length in order to increase the sensitivity of an interferometer, although few quantitative models have been investigated. The aim of this paper is to develop an analytic model of an AO-equipped interferometer and to use it to quantify, in relative terms, the gains that may be achieved over an interferometer equipped only with tip-tilt correction. Functional forms are derived for wavefront errors as a function of spatial and temporal coherence scales and flux and applied to the AO and tip-tilt cases. In both cases, the AO and fringe detection systems operate in the same spectral region, with the sharing ratio and subaperture size as adjustable parameters, and with the interferometer beams assumed to be spatially filtered after wavefront correction. It is concluded that the use of AO improves the performance of the interferometer in three ways. First, at the optimal aperture size for a tip-tilt system, the AO system is as much as similar to 50% more sensitive. Second, the sensitivity of the AO system continues to improve with increasing aperture size. And third, the signal-to-noise ratio of low-visibility fringes in the bright-star limit is significantly improved over the tip-tilt case. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Seabrook Engn, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Armstrong, JT (reprint author), Seabrook Engn, 9310 Dubarry Ave, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM tom.armstrong@nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 10 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 20 BP 4413 EP 4422 DI 10.1364/AO.46.004413 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 184TL UT WOS:000247665000024 PM 17579696 ER PT J AU Bradshaw, CF Titarchuk, L Kuznetsov, S AF Bradshaw, Charles F. Titarchuk, Lev Kuznetsov, Sergey TI Correlations between X-ray spectral characteristics and quasi-periodic oscillations in Scorpius X-1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; stars : individual (Scorpius X-1); stars : neutron; X-rays : individual (Scorpius X-1) ID NEUTRON-STAR BINARIES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; BLACK-HOLE; TIMING BEHAVIOR; X-1; ACCRETION; RADIATION; BRANCH; INDEX; FLUX AB Correlations between 1-10 Hz quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) and spectral power-law index have been reported for black hole (BH) candidate sources and one neutron star source, 4U 1728-34. An examination of QPO frequency and index relationships in Sco X-1 is reported here. We discover that Sco X-1, representing Z-source groups, can be adequately modeled by a simple two-component model of Compton up-scattering with a soft photon electron temperature of about 0.4 keV, plus an Iron K line. The results show a strong correlation between spectral power-law index and kHz QPOs. Because Sco X-1 radiates near the Eddington limit, one can infer that the geometrical configuration of the Compton cloud ( CC) is quasi-spherical from high radiation pressure in the CC. Thus, we conclude that the high Thomson optical depth of the Compton cloud, in the range of similar to 5-6 from the best-fit model parameters, is consistent with the neutron star's surface being obscured by material. Moreover, a spin frequency of Sco X-1 is likely suppressed due to photon scattering off CC electrons. In addition, we demonstrate how the power spectrum evolves when Sco X-1 transitions from the horizontal branch to the normal branch. C1 Mitre Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Space Res, Moscow 117997, Russia. RP Bradshaw, CF (reprint author), Mitre Corp, 7525 Colshire Dr, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM cbradshaw@miter.org; ltitarchuk@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; sergeyk@ucr.edu NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2007 VL 663 IS 2 BP 1225 EP 1231 DI 10.1086/518107 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189PR UT WOS:000248001500044 ER PT J AU Krall, J Sterling, AC AF Krall, Jonathan Sterling, Alphonse C. TI Analysis of erupting solar prominences in terms of an underlying flux-rope configuration SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : prominences ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC CLOUDS; QUIESCENT PROMINENCES; MODEL; FILAMENT; FIELD; EVOLUTION; GEOMETRY; TOPOLOGY; ACCELERATION AB Data from four solar prominence eruptions are analyzed so as to examine the flux-rope configuration at the onset of eruption and to test specific aspects of an analytic flux-rope model of solar eruptions. The model encompasses both prominence eruptions and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) as generic elements of a typical erupting flux-rope structure. The hypothesized relationship between prominence footpoint separation and prominence acceleration profile is examined, as is the hypothesized geometrical relationship between the prominence and the CME leading edge (LE). While the simple model does not account for some observed features, the prominence and "loop'' (LE) data are shown to be consistent with both the geometrical model and the theoretical acceleration profile. This analysis further suggests that the onset of eruption is associated with a situation in which the underlying flux-rope geometry maximizes the outward magnetic "hoop'' force. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, SD50 Space Sci Dept, Huntsville, AL 35182 USA. RP Krall, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2007 VL 663 IS 2 BP 1354 EP 1362 DI 10.1086/518400 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189PR UT WOS:000248001500057 ER PT J AU Landi, E AF Landi, E. TI Ion temperatures in the quiet solar corona SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE plasmas; Sun : corona ID R-CIRCLE-DOT; SUMER; PLASMAS; VELOCITIES; DISTANCES; WIDTHS; LINES; SOHO AB We measure the upper and lower limits of the temperatures T-i for a number of ions observed in the quiescent solar corona from 1996 to 2000, in order to compare with the measured electron temperature T-e and test the assumption T-i = T-e commonly adopted to measure the plasma nonthermal velocity v(nth). We use a diagnostic technique that relaxes all assumptions on T-i and only requires that the plasma nonthermal velocity be the same for all ions; this provides a measurement of the upper limit on vnth and of a range of T-i-values compatible with observations. The measurements were carried out using spectra observed outside the solar limb in 1996, 1999, and 2000, spanning the rising phase of the solar cycle, and are repeated at different heights above the solar photosphere for each data set. We find that in the 2000 data set T-i > T-e in the majority of cases, while the differences are smaller in the 1999 data set and nearly absent in the 1996 data set. We also investigate the correlation of the measured values of Ti with line wavelength, ion charge, charge-to-mass ratio, and temperature of maximum abundance, line intensity and width, and atomic weight, finding none. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Artep Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Artep Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2007 VL 663 IS 2 BP 1363 EP 1368 DI 10.1086/517910 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189PR UT WOS:000248001500058 ER PT J AU Krowne, CM AF Krowne, Clifford M. TI Negative refractive heterostructure bicrystal for beam steering or control component action SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANISOTROPIC PERMITTIVITY; GREENS-FUNCTION; PROPAGATION AB It has been discovered that heterostructure bicrystal arrangements lead to field asymmetry in guided wave structures. Here a study is conducted over a range of nominal permittivity values to see if the effect is present in widely varying dielectric materials. Marked shifts of the field distribution occur in some cases, and this can be the basis of an all electronic device that provides beam steering or a device that gives control component action. Such all electronic devices could be fixed or even constructed as a control component using materials with electrostatically controllable permittivity. Distributions have been obtained to demonstrate the effect using an anisotropic Green's function solver. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM krowne@webbsight.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 2 AR 022902 DI 10.1063/1.2755706 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 189VS UT WOS:000248017300057 ER PT J AU Holmes, BT Snow, AW AF Holmes, Brian T. Snow, Arthur W. TI Practical use of NH4X salts for difunctional oxyethylene-based intermediates SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CROWN-ETHERS; ESTERS; ACID AB A series of tosyl functionalized oxyethylene-based organic compounds were selected to analyze the scope and efficiency of a general substitution method for conversion to difunctional, soluble oxyethylene based intermediates using readily available ammonium salts, glycols and commercially modified ethoxy-ethanols. Straightforward preparation, product purification and low cost reagents are particularly advantageous for compounds incorporating halides, thiocyanates and methoxy groups. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Snow, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM arthur.snow@nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2007 VL 48 IS 28 BP 4813 EP 4815 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.05.081 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 187LJ UT WOS:000247848900004 ER PT J AU Helliwell, TM Konkowski, DA AF Helliwell, T. M. Konkowski, D. A. TI Quantum healing of classical singularities in power-law spacetimes SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article ID QUASI-REGULAR SPACETIMES; TIMES AB We study a broad class of spacetimes whosemetric coefficients reduce to powers of a radius r in the limit of small r. Among these four-parameter 'power-law' metrics, we identify those parameters for which the spacetimes have classical singularities as r -> 0. We show that a large set of such classically-singular spacetimes is nevertheless non-singular quantum mechanically, in that the Hamiltonian operator is essentially self-adjoint, so that the evolution of quantum wave packets lacks the ambiguity associated with scattering off singularities. Using these metrics, the broadest class yet studied to compare classical with quantum singularities, we explore the physical reasons why some that are singular classically are 'healed' quantum mechanically, while others are not. We show that most (but not all) of the remaining quantum-mechanically singular spacetimes can be excluded if either the weak energy condition or the dominant energy condition is invoked, and we briefly discuss the effect of this work on the strong cosmic censorship conjecture. C1 Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Phys, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Helliwell, TM (reprint author), Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Phys, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. EM helliwell@hmc.edu; dak@usna.edu NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD JUL 7 PY 2007 VL 24 IS 13 BP 3377 EP 3390 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/24/13/014 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 180EB UT WOS:000247343500015 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM AF Bermudez, V. M. TI Computational study of the adsorption of trichlorophosphate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, and sarin on amorphous SiO2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ASSEMBLED ALKANETHIOLATE MONOLAYERS; AB-INITIO; SILICA SURFACE; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; HYDROXYL-GROUPS; NERVE AGENTS; ADSORBED ORGANOPHOSPHONATES; MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; QUANTUM-MECHANICS; PERIODIC MODEL AB Ab initio quantum chemical calculations have been performed to study the adsorption of trichlorophosphate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, and Sarin via hydrogen bonding to Si-OH groups on the amorphous SiO2 (a-SiO2) surface. Two SiO2 models are used: a small Si5O7H8 "cagelike" cluster and a larger Si21O56H28 structure designed to approximate the local environment in a-SiO2. In the latter case, regions of different local OH density are considered as adsorption sites. Adsorption energies, bonding geometries, and adsorbate vibrational modes are obtained, and anharmonicity is explicitly included in the treatment of the SiO-H stretching mode. The computed results for the adsorption-induced shift in frequency of the SiO-H stretch and of the molecular PO stretch are compared with the available experimental data. For all three species, the most stable adsorption geometry involves hydrogen bonding between two Si-OH groups and the O atom of the PO group. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM victor.bermudez@nrl.navy.mil NR 56 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUL 5 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 26 BP 9314 EP 9323 DI 10.1021/jp071529m PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 183VC UT WOS:000247599300047 ER PT J AU Karle, IL Butcher, RJ Wolak, MA da Silva, DA Uchida, M Bredas, JL Kafafi, ZH AF Karle, Isabella L. Butcher, Raymond J. Wolak, Mason A. da Silva Filho, Demetrio A. Uchida, Manabu Bredas, Jean-Luc Kafafi, Zakya H. TI Cooperative CH center dot center dot center dot pi interactions in the crystal structure of 2,5-di(3-biphenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-3,4-diphenyl-silole and its effect on its electronic properties SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; SILOLE DERIVATIVES; ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS; HYDROGEN-BONDS; TRANSPORT; DEVICES; EMISSION; MOBILITY; ALQ(3); LAYERS AB In order to develop a fundamental understanding for the effect of molecular packing on the carrier transport properties of organic semiconductors, single crystals of 2,5-di-(3-biphenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylsilacyclopentadiene (PPSPP) were prepared using the physical vapor transport technique and characterized by X-ray crystallography. There is no evidence of pi-pi stacking in the PPSPP single-crystal because of the nearly orthogonal arrangements of the phenyl rings in the biphenyl moieties. Although the PPSPP molecules do not have any -NH or -OH groups that would provide donors for normal hydrogen bonds, the crystal structure reveals the presence of several CH groups that act as donors for CH center dot center dot center dot pi interactions with nearby phenyl groups in an edge-to-face motif. It is proposed that the cooperativity between several weak CH center dot center dot center dot pi bonds enhances their effects and gives rise to a tighter molecular packing than what would be observed for a typical molecular crystal where van der Waals forces dominate. Theoretical electronic-structure calculations indicate that there is a decoupling between the CH...pi interactions that stabilize the crystal structure and the electronic interactions that give the largest electronic couplings defining the preferred electron hopping directions. However, the dense molecular packing between adjacent PPSPP molecules may influence its electron transport properties in the solid state. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Chisso Corp, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368605, Japan. Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Organ Photon & Elect, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM isabella.karle@nrl.navy.mil RI Bredas, Jean-Luc/A-3431-2008; DA SILVA FILHO, DEMETRIO/H-9303-2016 OI Bredas, Jean-Luc/0000-0001-7278-4471; DA SILVA FILHO, DEMETRIO/0000-0002-7103-4780 NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUL 5 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 26 BP 9543 EP 9547 DI 10.1021/jp072469n PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 183VC UT WOS:000247599300076 ER PT J AU Kim, YJ AF Kim, Young-Joon TI Balance of drag between the middle and lower atmospheres in a global atmospheric forecast model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY-WAVE DRAG; WEATHER PREDICTION MODELS; MEAN-FLOW; PARAMETRIZATION; PARAMETERIZATION; CLIMATE; SIMULATIONS; SENSITIVITY; SCHEME; STRATOSPHERE AB [1] A global atmospheric forecast model that includes the middle atmosphere is used to investigate systematic model biases. As in many other global atmospheric models, Northern Hemispheric winter simulations from the vertically extended Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System reveal an unrealistic vertical tilt of the polar-night jet associated with a temperature bias in the northern polar middle atmosphere. This bias has important implication for satellite data assimilation in that inaccurate model background field associated with the bias can cause a data assimilation system to reject useful observation data. Efforts are made to alleviate this bias using improved radiation and orographic gravity wave drag parameterizations, the latter of which can provide adequate amount of drag to greatly reduce the bias, but at the cost of overestimated surface polar pressure. To understand and fix this secondary bias, this study addresses the cause and effect of the bias in terms of the balance of model drag mechanisms between the middle and lower atmospheres as well as within the lower atmosphere. Disruption of these balances in the model is argued to lead to degradation of surface simulation by reasonable middle atmospheric gravity wave drag despite an improvement in the middle atmospheric circulation. An experimental treatment of limiting the parameterized gravity wave drag to the middle atmosphere, as similarly done with a spectral gravity wave drag parameterization, is shown to largely alleviate the bias. This study discusses results from a series of winter and multiyear simulations, schematically illustrates the drag balance in the model, and investigates conservation of atmospheric angular momentum. C1 USN, Res Lab, Global Modeling Sect, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kim, YJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Global Modeling Sect, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM yj.kim@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 4 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D13 AR D13104 DI 10.1029/2007JD008647 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 187WZ UT WOS:000247881100003 ER PT J AU Bernstein, N AF Bernstein, N. TI Surface passivation for tight-binding calculations of covalent solids SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC POPULATION ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR WAVE FUNCTIONS; CONSISTENT-FIELD METHOD; LENGTH SCALES; SIMULATION; SILICON; COMPUTATIONS AB Simulation of a cluster representing a finite portion of a larger covalently bonded system requires the passivation of the cluster surface. We compute the effects of an explicit hybrid orbital passivation ( EHOP) on the atomic structure in a model bulk, three- dimensional, narrow gap semiconductor, which is very different from the wide gap, quasi- one- dimensional organic molecules where most passivation schemes have been studied in detail. The EHOP approach is directly applicable to minimal atomic orbital basis methods such as tight- binding. Each broken bond is passivated by a hybrid created from an explicitly expressed linear combination of basis orbitals, chosen to represent the contribution of the missing neighbour, e. g. a sp(3) hybrid for a single bond. The method is tested by computing the forces on atoms near a point defect as a function of cluster geometry. We show that, compared to alternatives such as pseudo- hydrogen passivation, the force on an atom converges to the correct bulk limit more quickly as a function of cluster radius, and that the force is more stable with respect to perturbations in the position of the cluster centre. The EHOP method also obviates the need for parameterizing the interactions between the system atoms and the passivating atoms. The method is useful for cluster calculations of non- periodic defects in large systems and for hybrid schemes that simulate large systems by treating finite regions with a quantum- mechanical model, coupled to an interatomic potential description of the rest of the system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bernstein, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM noam.bernstein@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 4 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 26 AR 266001 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/26/266001 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 180XG UT WOS:000247400700001 PM 21694070 ER PT J AU Mastro, MA Freitas, JA Glembocki, O Eddy, CR Holm, RT Henry, RL Caldwell, J Rendell, RW Kub, F Kim, J AF Mastro, Michael A. Freitas, Jaime A., Jr. Glembocki, Orest Eddy, Charles R. Holm, R. T. Henry, Rich L. Caldwell, Josh Rendell, Ronald W. Kub, Fritz Kim, J. TI Plasmonically enhanced emission from a group-III nitride nanowire emitter SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB The plasmonic response from a nanotextured silver coating was utilized to enhance the transfer of ultraviolet light generated in a group-III nitride nanowire emitter. A two-step approach was developed in a metal-organic chemical vapour deposition system to grow nanowires initially vertically by the vapour-liquid-solid mechanism and, subsequently, laterally by increasing the growth temperature and the group-V/III reactant ratio. This controllably produced a 20 nm GaN:Si core with a 200 nm outer-diameter AlGaN:Mg sheath structure. Solvothermal chemistry based on an ethylene glycol solvent was employed to deposit a silver coating that approximated a dense packing of metallic nanospheres. Nanoscale emission and plasmonically enhanced transfer of this energy were simulated to aid the development and understanding of this system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Korea Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Mastro, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.mastro@nrl.navy.mil; jhkim@prosys.korea.ac.kr RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JUL 4 PY 2007 VL 18 IS 26 AR 265401 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/18/26/265401 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 176RV UT WOS:000247103500009 ER PT J AU Kashani, A Foody, JM Wang, YF Krumholz, HM Phillips, CO Mangalmurti, S Ko, DT AF Kashani, Amir Foody, JoAnne M. Wang, Yongfei Krumholz, Harlan M. Phillips, Christopher O. Mangalmurti, Sandeep Ko, Dennis T. TI Response to letters regarding article, "risks associated with statin therapy: A systematic overview of randomized clinical trials" SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Letter ID METAANALYSIS COMBINING PARALLEL C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Sect Cardiovasc Med, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Gen Internal Med, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. USN, Ambulatory Hlth Clin, Groton, CT USA. Sunnybrook Hlth Sci Ctr, Schlich Heart Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Kashani, A (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Sect Cardiovasc Med, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD JUL PY 2007 VL 116 IS 1 BP E9 EP E9 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.697227 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 185NZ UT WOS:000247719000027 ER PT J AU Fox, DM Maupin, PH Harris, RH Gilman, JW Eldred, DV Katsoulis, D Trulove, PC De Long, HC AF Fox, Douglas M. Maupin, Paul H. Harris, Richard H., Jr. Gilman, Jeffrey W. Eldred, Donald V. Katsoulis, Dimi Trulove, Paul C. De Long, Hugh C. TI Use of a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-imidazolium cation as an organic modifier for montmorillonite SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; POLY(NORBORNYL-POSS) COPOLYMERS; FLAMMABILITY PROPERTIES; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; POSS; POLYPROPYLENE; DISPERSION; INTERCALATION AB Recent studies on organically modified clays (OMCs) have reported enhanced thermal stabilities when using imidazolium-based surfactants over the typical ammonium-based surfactants. Other studies have shown that polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) also improve the thermal properties of composites containing these macromers. In an attempt to utilize the beneficial properties of both imidazolium surfactants and POSS macromers, a dual nanocomposite approach to prepare OMCs was used. In this study, the preparation of a new POSS-imidazolium surfactant and its use as an organic modifier for montmorillonite are reported. The purity, solubility, and thermal characteristics of the POSS-imidazolium chloride were evaluated. In addition, several OMCs were prepared by exchanging the Na+ with POSS imidazolium cations equivalent to 100%, 95%, 40%, 20%, and 5% of the cation exchange capacity of the clay. The subsequent OMCs were characterized using thermal analysis techniques (DSC, SDT, and TGA) as well as Si-29 NMR to determine the POSS content in the clay interlayer both before and after thermal oxidation degradation. Results indicate the following: (1) the solvent choice changes the efficiency of the ion-exchange reaction of the clay; (2) self-assembled crystalline POSS domains are present in the clay interlayer; (3) the d-spacing of the exchanged clay is large (3.6 nm), accommodating a bilayer structure of the POSS-imidazolium; and (4) the prepared POSS-imidazolium exchanged clays exhibit higher thermal stabilities than any previously prepared imidazolium or ammonium exchanged montmorillonite. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. US DOE, Off Basic Energy Sci, Off Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NIST, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Dow Corning Corp, Midland, MI 48686 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Directorate Chem & Life Sci, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Fox, DM (reprint author), American Univ, Dept Chem, 4400 Massachusetts Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM dfox@american.edu NR 39 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 3 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 14 BP 7707 EP 7714 DI 10.1021/la0636863 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 182EF UT WOS:000247487200048 PM 17555333 ER PT J AU Laberty-Robert, C Long, JW Pettigrew, KA Stroud, RM Rolison, DR AF Laberty-Robert, Christel Long, Jeffrey W. Pettigrew, Katherine A. Stroud, Rhonda M. Rolison, Debra R. TI Ionic nanowires at 600 degrees C: Using nanoarchitecture to optimize electrical transport in nanocrystalline gadolinium-doped ceria SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; CONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; AEROGELS; POLARIZATION; ELECTRODES; MONOLITHS; IMPEDANCE; EPOXIDES; CATHODE AB The impact of nanoarchitecture on the electrical properties of sol-gel-derived Ce0.9Gd0.1O2 (CGO) is evaluated in O-2 from 350 to 600 degrees C. The high degree of interconnectivity established between the < 10 nm crystallites in CGO aerogels (see figure) yields an electroceramic that responds as though it contains no grain boundaries and which exhibits long-range pathways for ionic diffusion (ca. 0.5 mm). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Toulouse 3, CIRIMAT, CNRS, UMR 5085, F-31062 Toulouse, France. RP Laberty-Robert, C (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Lab Chim Matiere, Condensee UMR 7574, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. EM laberty@ccr.jussieu.fr; rolison@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Laberty, Christel/G-8847-2011; OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Laberty-Robert, christel/0000-0003-3230-3164 NR 32 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JUL 2 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 13 BP 1734 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200601840 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 190PW UT WOS:000248072400015 ER PT J AU Picard, YN Twigg, ME Mastro, MA Eddy, CR Henry, RL Holm, RT Neudeck, PG Trunek, AJ Powell, JA AF Picard, Y. N. Twigg, M. E. Mastro, M. A. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Henry, R. L. Holm, R. T. Neudeck, P. G. Trunek, A. J. Powell, J. A. TI Threading dislocation behavior in AlN nucleation layers for GaN growth on 4H-SiC SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; EPITAXY; MESAS; SURFACES AB Threading dislocations in thin (< 200 nm) AlN nucleation layers (NLs) grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on top of 4H-SiC on-axis mesas with atomic-scale steps were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The AlN NL controlled threading dislocations in an overlying similar to 2 mu m GaN layer through two identified mechanisms: threading half-loop formation and dislocation bending at V-shaped pits. Threading dislocations in the AlN film could be traced directly to bilayer 4H-SiC steps at the substrate/film interface. These observations reveal several approaches to extended defect reduction in GaN films grown on 4H-SiC. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. OAI, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Sest Inc, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Picard, YN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yoosuf.picard@nrl.navy.mil OI Picard, Yoosuf/0000-0002-2853-5213 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 1 AR 014101 DI 10.1063/1.2754638 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 187AM UT WOS:000247819700084 ER PT J AU Trent, L Stander, V Thomsen, C Merrill, L AF Trent, Linda Stander, Valerie Thomsen, Cynthia Merrill, Lex TI Alcohol abuse among U.S. Navy recruits who were maltreated in childhood SO ALCOHOL AND ALCOHOLISM LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL-ABUSE; ADOLESCENTS; TRAUMA; HEALTH; RISK AB Aims: To examine relationships between childhood maltreatment and alcohol-related problems among U.S. Navy recruits. Methods: An anonymous sample of 5697 Navy recruits completed a survey regarding their alcohol consumption, alcohol problems (binge drinking, drinking until drunk, alcohol dependence, alcohol-related arrests), and experiences of childhood physical and sexual abuse. Results: Most of the recruits used alcohol, and a substantial proportion reported histories of childhood maltreatment. Recruits who had been victimized as children were more likely to use alcohol. Furthermore, among drinkers, those who had been abused were more likely to exhibit alcohol problems than were non-abused drinkers. Conclusion: Substantial numbers of personnel with alcohol-related problems may be using alcohol to self-medicate due to a history of childhood abuse. Attention to the association between alcohol abuse and childhood maltreatment might help improve the efficacy of military alcohol reduction programs. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. No Illinois Univ, Ctr Study Family Violence & Sexual Assault, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Trent, L (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM trent@nhrc.navy.mil NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0735-0414 J9 ALCOHOL ALCOHOLISM JI Alcohol Alcohol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 BP 370 EP 375 DI 10.1093/alcalc/agm036 PG 6 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 230SZ UT WOS:000250897500016 PM 17533164 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Smith, B Jacobson, IG Corbeil, TE Ryan, MAK AF Smith, Tyler C. Smith, Besa Jacobson, Isabel G. Corbeil, Thomas E. Ryan, Margaret A. K. CA Millenium Cohort Study Team TI Reliability of standard health assessment instruments in a large, population-based cohort study SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE health surveys; military medicine; reliability; questionnaires ID PRIMARY-CARE; MILITARY PERSONNEL; MILLENNIUM COHORT; PTSD CHECKLIST; MENTAL-HEALTH; GULF-WAR; PRIME-MD; VETERANS; UTILITY; QUESTIONNAIRE AB PURPOSE: The Millennium Cohort Study began in 2001 using mail and Internet questionnaires to bather occupational and environmental exposure, behavioral risk factor, and health outcome data from a large, Population-based US military cohort. Standardized instruments, including the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 for Veterans, and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist-Civilian Version, have been validated in various Populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate internal consistency of standardized instruments and concordance of responses in a test-retest setting. METHODS: Cronbach alpha coefficients were used to investigate the internal consistency of standardized instruments among 76,742 participants. Kappa statistics were calculated to measure stability of aggregated responses in a Subgroup of 470 participants who Voluntarily Submitted an additional Survey within 6 months of their original submission. RESULTS. High internal consistency was found for 14 of 16 health components, with lower internal consistency found among two alcohol components. Substantial test-retest stability was observed for stationary variables, while moderate stability was found for more dynamic variables that measured conditions with low prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: These results Substantiate internal consistency and stability of several standard health instruments applied to this large cohort. Such reliability analyses are vital to the integrity of long-term outcome studies. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Defence Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Defence Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM Smith@nhrc.navy.mil NR 32 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 17 IS 7 BP 525 EP 532 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.12.2002 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 187ZV UT WOS:000247888900007 PM 17433714 ER PT J AU Nimon, RW Hall, R AF Nimon, R. Wesley Hall, Ricky TI Empirical analysis of the efficiency of job assignment auctions SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article AB For some hard-to-fill jobs the Navy awards Assignment Incentive Pay using an auction-like format. With respect to the optimal job assignment auction format, however, there is only a very limited academic literature. Furthermore, the extant literature assumes all bidders are equally qualified. In the Navy assignment context, this is not a tenable assumption, as other considerations, such as relocation and en-route training costs, must be considered when making an assignment. The lower the weight on the bid, the greater the weight that can be attached to the qualification component in the objective function. The lower the weight, however, the weaker the incentive to bid near one's reservation wage. The consideration of such other criteria precludes the implementation of the incentive-compatible, Vickery-Leonard assignment auction. We relax the assumption that bid amounts alone determine the assignment set and experimentally estimate the efficiency reductions associated with decreased bid-weights. The estimated elasticity of the value of the bids to changes in the bid-weight in low contention, first price auctions vary by bid-weight. Nonetheless, an increase from a 10 to a 50% weight on the bids decreases the level of the submitted bids by approximately 28%. C1 USN, Personnel Res Studies & Technol Div, Millington, TN 38055 USA. RP Nimon, RW (reprint author), USN, Personnel Res Studies & Technol Div, 5720 Integrity Dr, Millington, TN 38055 USA. EM wesley.nimon@navy.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 39 IS 13-15 BP 1679 EP 1690 DI 10.1080/00036840600675646 PG 12 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 211YE UT WOS:000249559200007 ER PT J AU Lader, P Jensen, A Sveen, JK Fredheim, A Enerhaug, B Fredriksson, D AF Lader, Pal Jensen, Atle Sveen, Johan Kristian Fredheim, Arne Enerhaug, Birger Fredriksson, Dave TI Experimental investigation of wave forces on net structures SO APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE offshore aquaculture; net-based structures; wave forces; wave-net interaction; numerical simulations; laboratory experiments AB The large growth of the aquaculture industry necessitates and motivates the use of offshore locations for fish farming. New technologies, such as structures that are compliant with the high energy of the open ocean, will be required. Design and development of such structures will depend upon numerical tools that can simulate and predict the structural response in specific offshore sea states. The understanding of hydrodynamic loads on nets is a necessary basis for applying such tools. The numerical tools also need to be validated using the results of laboratory measurements. This paper presents laboratory measurements of forces on three different net panels exposed to five different regular wave cases. The measurements are also compared with simulations using three different load numerical models. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lader, Pal; Fredheim, Arne; Enerhaug, Birger] SINTEF Fisheries & Aquaculture, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway. [Jensen, Atle] Univ Oslo, Dept Math, Mech Div, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Sveen, Johan Kristian] Vetco Aibel AS, N-1375 Billingstad, Norway. [Fredriksson, Dave] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Lader, P (reprint author), SINTEF Fisheries & Aquaculture, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway. EM Pal.Lader@sintef.no OI Lader, Pal Furset/0000-0001-9665-5244 NR 20 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1187 J9 APPL OCEAN RES JI Appl. Ocean Res. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 112 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.apor.2007.10.003 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 280UP UT WOS:000254452200003 ER PT J AU Little, RD Hisnanick, JJ AF Little, Roger D. Hisnanick, John J. TI The earnings of tied-migrant military husbands SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE tied-migrant husbands; military spouses; earnings differences ID WIVES; EMPLOYMENT; IMPACT; MIGRATION; MARRIAGE; WHITE; WOMEN; BLACK; WORK AB Identifying the earnings penalty associated with being a tied mover has focused on the working wives of servicemen. However, the number of women serving in the armed forces now makes it feasible to study the earnings losses of a group of tied-mover males, the husbands of servicewomen. Using data from the 2000 U.S. Census, the authors identified a sample of such men and compare their earnings to civilian husbands of working civilian wives to extend and generalize on tied-mover earnings effects. Multivatiate analysis accounting for selection bias and controlling for migration, demographic, household, and labor market characteristics shows that military husbands earn about 70 percent of civilian husbands, whereas military wives earned about 50 percent of civilian wives. Since different estimation procedures provide comparable outcomes regardless of gender, these results reveal a detrimental earnings effect for military husbands similar to earlier estimates for military wives. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. US Bur Census, Housing & Household Econ Stat Div, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Little, RD (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM little@usna.edu; John.J.Hisnanick@census.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4 BP 547 EP 570 DI 10.1177/0095327X06298732 PG 24 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 187SI UT WOS:000247868400004 ER PT J AU Twomey, CP AF Twomey, Christopher P. TI Missing strategic opportunity in US China policy since 9/11 SO ASIAN SURVEY LA English DT Article DE US policy; rise of China; military policy; economic policy; international institutions AB Washington has two long-term interests toward China: promoting a profitable, equitable economic relationship and managing Beijing's challenge to the U.S.-led international order. Although recent policy has achieved many tactical successes in these areas, the predominant record is one of broader strategic failure in the face of the rise of China. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Natl Security Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Twomey, CP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Natl Security Affairs, 1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0004-4687 J9 ASIAN SURV JI Asian Surv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 47 IS 4 BP 536 EP 559 DI 10.1525/as.2007.47.4.536 PG 24 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 208NT UT WOS:000249327200002 ER PT J AU Schneider, DP Hall, PB Richards, GT Strauss, MA Berk, DEV Anderson, SF Brandt, WN Fan, XH Jester, S Gray, J Gunn, JE SubbaRao, MU Thakar, AR Stoughton, C Szalay, AS Yanny, B York, DG Bahcall, NA Barentine, J Blanton, MR Brewington, H Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Castander, FJ Csabai, I Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Harvanek, M Hogg, DW Ivezic, E Kent, SM Kleinman, SJ Knapp, GR Kron, RG Krzesinski, J Long, DC Lupton, RH Nitta, A Pier, JR Saxe, DH Shen, Y Snedden, SA Weinberg, DH Wu, J AF Schneider, Donald P. Hall, Patrick B. Richards, Gordon T. Strauss, Michael A. Vanden Berk, Daniel E. Anderson, Scott F. Brandt, W. N. Fan, Xiaohui Jester, Sebastian Gray, Jim Gunn, James E. SubbaRao, Mark U. Thakar, Anirudda R. Stoughton, Chris Szalay, Alexander S. Yanny, Brian York, Donald G. Bahcall, Neta A. Barentine, J. Blanton, Michael R. Brewington, Howard Brinkmann, J. Brunner, Robert J. Castander, Francisco J. Csabai, Istvan Frieman, Joshua A. Fukugita, Masataka Harvanek, Michael Hogg, David W. Ivezic, Eljko Kent, Stephen M. Kleinman, S. J. Knapp, G. R. Kron, Richard G. Krzesinski, Jurek Long, Daniel C. Lupton, Robert H. Nitta, Atsuko Pier, Jeffrey R. Saxe, David H. Shen, Yue Snedden, Stephanie A. Weinberg, David H. Wu, Jian TI The sloan digital sky survey quasar catalog. IV. Fifth data release SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; quasars : general; surveys ID ABSORPTION-LINE QUASARS; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ROSAT ALL-SKY; SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; 1ST DATA RELEASE; 3RD DATA RELEASE; BROAD ABSORPTION; Z-GREATER-THAN-5.7 QUASARS AB We present the fourth edition of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Quasar Catalog. The catalog contains 77,429 objects; this is an increase of over 30,000 entries since the previous edition. The catalog consists of the objects in the SDSS Fifth Data Release that have luminosities larger than M(i) = -22.0 (in a cosmology with H(0) = 70 km s(-1) Mpc(-1), Omega(M) = 0.3, and Omega(Lambda) = 0.7), have at least one emission line with FWHM larger than 1000 km s(-1) or have interesting/complex absorption features, are fainter than i approximate to 15.0, and have highly reliable redshifts. The area covered by the catalog is approximate to 5740 deg(2). The quasar redshifts range from 0.08 to 5.41, with a median value of 1.48; the catalog includes 891 quasars at redshifts greater than 4, of which 36 are at redshifts greater than 5. Approximately half of the catalog quasars have i < 19; nearly all have i < 21. For each object the catalog presents positions accurate to better than 0.2'' rms per coordinate, five-band (ugriz) CCD-based photometry with typical accuracy of 0.03 mag, and information on the morphology and selection method. The catalog also contains basic radio, near- infrared, and X-ray emission properties of the quasars, when available, from other large-area surveys. The calibrated digital spectra cover the wavelength region 3800-9200 angstrom at a spectral resolution of similar or equal to 2000; the spectra can be retrieved from the public database using the information provided in the catalog. The average SDSS colors of quasars as a function of red-shift, derived from the catalog entries, are presented in tabular form. Approximately 96% of the objects in the catalog were discovered by the SDSS. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Microsoft Res, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Chicago, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Krakow Pedag Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Schneider, DP (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; Brandt, William/N-2844-2015; OI Brandt, William/0000-0002-0167-2453; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403 NR 72 TC 347 Z9 353 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 134 IS 1 BP 102 EP 117 DI 10.1086/518474 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 183RS UT WOS:000247590500010 ER PT J AU Szkody, P Henden, A Mannikko, L Mukadam, A Schmidt, GD Bochanski, JJ Agueros, M Anderson, SF Silvestri, NM Dahab, WE Oguri, M Schneider, DP Shin, MS Strauss, MA Knapp, GR West, AA AF Szkody, Paula Henden, Arne Mannikko, Lee Mukadam, Anjum Schmidt, Gary D. Bochanski, John J. Agueros, Marcel Anderson, Scott F. Silvestri, Nicole M. Dahab, William E. Oguri, Masamune Schneider, Donald P. Shin, Min-Su Strauss, Michael A. Knapp, Gillian R. West, Andrew A. TI Cataclysmic variables from Sloan Digital Sky Survey. VI. The sixth year (2005) SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; binaries : spectroscopic; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : dwarf novae ID DATA RELEASE; DWARF NOVA; RX J1554.2+2721; ORBITAL PERIOD; WHITE-DWARFS; QUIESCENCE; TELESCOPE; BINARIES; MONITOR; SYSTEM AB The 28 cataclysmic variables (CVs) found in 2005 in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey are presented with their coordinates, magnitudes, and spectra. Five of these systems are previously known CVs (HH Cnc, SX LMi, QZ Ser, AP CrB, and HS 1016+3412), and the rest are new discoveries. Additional spectroscopic, photometric, and/or polarimetric observations of 10 systems were carried out, resulting in estimates of the orbital periods for seven of the new binaries. The 23 new CVs include one eclipsing system, one new Polar, and five systems whose spectra clearly reveal atmospheric absorption lines from the underlying white dwarf. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Amer Assoc Variabel Star Observers, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Szkody, P (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Oguri, Masamune/C-6230-2011; West, Andrew/H-3717-2014; Agueros, Marcel/K-7998-2014 OI Agueros, Marcel/0000-0001-7077-3664 NR 48 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 134 IS 1 BP 185 EP 194 DI 10.1086/518506 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 183RS UT WOS:000247590500017 ER PT J AU Wittkowski, M Boboltz, DA Ohnaka, K Driebe, T Scholz, M AF Wittkowski, M. Boboltz, D. A. Ohnaka, K. Driebe, T. Scholz, M. TI The Mira variable S Orionis: relationships between the photosphere, molecular layer, dust shell, and SiO maser shell at 4 epochs SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE techniques : interferometric; masers; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : atmospheres; stars : mass-loss; stars : individual : S Orionis ID LATE-TYPE STARS; BISPECTRUM SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY; ANGULAR SIZE MEASUREMENTS; VLBA OBSERVATIONS; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPE; MERLIN OBSERVATIONS; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; AGB STARS; R-AQUARII AB Aims. We present the first multi-epoch study that includes concurrent mid-infrared and radio interferometry of an oxygen-rich Mira star. Methods. We obtained mid-infrared interferometry of S Ori with VLTI/MIDI at four epochs in December 2004, February/March 2005, November 2005, and December 2005. We concurrently observed v = 1, J = 1-0 (43.1 GHz), and v = 2, J = 1-0 (42.8 GHz) SiO maser emission toward S Ori with the VLBA in January, February, and November 2005. The MIDI data are analyzed using self-excited dynamic model atmospheres including molecular layers, complemented by a radiative transfer model of the circumstellar dust shell. The VLBA data are reduced to the spatial structure and kinematics of the maser spots. Results. The modeling of our MIDI data results in phase-dependent continuum photospheric angular diameters of 9.0 +/- 0.3 mas (phase 0.42), 7.9 +/- 0.1 mas (0.55), 9.7 +/- 0.1 mas (1.16), and 9.5 +/- 0.4 mas (1.27). The dust shell can best be modeled with Al2O3 grains using phase-dependent inner boundary radii between 1.8 and 2.4 photospheric radii. The dust shell appears to be more compact with greater optical depth near visual minimum (tau(V) similar to 2.5), and more extended with lower optical depth after visual maximum (tau(V) similar to 1.5). The ratios of the 43.1 GHz/42.8 GHz SiO maser ring radii to the photospheric radii are 2.2 +/- 0.3/2.1 +/- 0.2 (phase 0.44), 2.4 +/- 0.3/2.3 +/- 0.4 (0.55), and 2.1 +/- 0.3/1.9 +/- 0.2 (1.15). The maser spots mark the region of the molecular atmospheric layers just beyond the steepest decrease in the mid-infrared model intensity profile. Their velocity structure indicates a radial gas expansion. Conclusions. S Ori shows significant phase-dependences of photospheric radii and dust shell parameters. Al2O3 dust grains and SiO maser spots form at relatively small radii of similar to 1.8-2.4 photospheric radii. Our results suggest increased mass loss and dust formation close to the surface near the minimum visual phase, when Al2O3 dust grains are co-located with the molecular gas and the SiO maser shells, and a more expanded dust shell after visual maximum. Silicon does not appear to be bound in dust, as our data show no sign of silicate grains. C1 European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Theoret Astrophys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Inst Astron, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Wittkowski, M (reprint author), European So Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM mwittkow@eso.org; dboboltz@usno.navy.mil OI Wittkowski, Markus/0000-0002-7952-9550 NR 83 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 470 IS 1 BP 191 EP 210 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077168 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189GM UT WOS:000247977400021 ER PT J AU Shaposhnikov, N Titarchuk, L AF Shaposhnikov, Nickolai Titarchuk, Lev TI Determination of black hole mass in Cygnus X-1 by scaling of spectral index-QPO frequency correlation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion disks; black hole physics; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; stars : individual (Cygnus X-1) ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATION; X-RAY BINARIES; NEUTRON-STAR; GRO J1655-40; FEATURES AB It is well established that timing and spectral properties of Galactic black hole (BH) X-ray binaries (XRB) are strongly correlated. In particular, it has been shown that low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) log v(low) - photon index Gamma correlation curves have a specific pattern. In a number of sources the shape of the index-low-frequency QPO correlations are self-similar with a position offset in the log v(low)-Gamma plane. Titarchuk & Fiorito presented strong theoretical and observational arguments that the QPO frequency values in this log v(low)-Gamma correlation should be inversely proportional to M-BH. A simple translation of the correlation for a given source along the frequency axis leads to the observed correlation for another source. As a result of this translation one can obtain a scaling factor that is simply a BH mass ratio for these particular sources. This property of the correlations offers a fundamentally new method for BH mass determination in XRBs. Here we use the observed QPOYindex correlations observed in three BH sources: GRO J1655 - 40, GRS 1915 + 105, and Cyg X-1. The BH mass of 6.3 +/- 0.5 M-circle dot in GRO J1655 - 40 is obtained using optical observations. RXTE observations during the recent 2005 outburst yielded sufficient data to establish the correlation pattern during both the rise and decay of the event. We use GRO J1655 - 40 as a standard reference source to measure the BH mass in Cyg X-1. We also revisit the GRS 1915+105 data as a further test of our scaling method. We infer the value of BH mass of 15.6 +/- 1.5M(circle dot) in this source, which is consistent with the previous BH mass estimate in GRS 1915 of 13.3 +/- 4 M-circle dot. We obtain the BH mass in Cyg X-1 in the range of 8.7 +/- 0.8 M-circle dot. C1 Univ Space Res Assoc, CRESST, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observ & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Shaposhnikov, N (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, CRESST, 10211 Wincopin Cir,Suite 500, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. EM nikolai@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; lev.titarchuk@nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 663 IS 1 BP 445 EP 449 DI 10.1086/518110 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 182ZO UT WOS:000247542700036 ER PT J AU Hallinan, G Bourke, S Lane, C Antonova, A Zavala, RT Brisken, WF Boyle, RP Vrba, FJ Doyle, JG Golden, A AF Hallinan, G. Bourke, S. Lane, C. Antonova, A. Zavala, R. T. Brisken, W. F. Boyle, R. P. Vrba, F. J. Doyle, J. G. Golden, A. TI Periodic bursts of coherent radio emission from an ultracool dwarf SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars : general; radio continuum : stars; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; stars : activity; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars : magnetic fields ID AURORAL KILOMETRIC RADIATION; ELECTRON-CYCLOTRON MASER; X-RAY; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; BROWN DWARFS; ACTIVE STARS; TVLM-513-46546; GENERATION; DISCOVERY; SOLAR AB We report the detection of periodic (p = 1.96hr) bursts of extremely bright, 100% circularly polarized, coherent radio emission from the M9 dwarf TVLM 513 - 46546. Simultaneous photometric monitoring observations have established this periodicity to be the rotation period of the dwarf. These bursts, which were not present in previous observations of this target, confirm that ultracool dwarfs can generate persistent levels of broadband, coherent radio emission, associated with the presence of kG magnetic fields in a large- scale, stable configuration. Compact sources located at the magnetic polar regions produce highly beamed emission generated by the electron cyclotron maser instability, the same mechanism known to generate planetary coherent radio emission in our solar system. The narrow beams of radiation pass our line of sight as the dwarf rotates, producing the associated periodic bursts. The resulting radio light curves are analogous to the periodic light curves associated with pulsar radio emission highlighting TVLM 513 - 46546 as the prototype of a new class of transient radio source. C1 Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Computat Astrophys Lab, Galway, Ireland. Armagh Observ, Armagh BT61 9DG, North Ireland. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Vatican Observ Res Grpo, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Hallinan, G (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Computat Astrophys Lab, Galway, Ireland. EM gregg@it.nuigalway.ie; stephen@it.nuigalway.ie; c.lane@nuigalway.ie; tan@arm.ac.uk; vala@nofs.navy.mil; wbrisken@aoc.nrao.edu; boyle@ricci.as.arizona.edu; fjv@nofs.navy.mil; jgd@arm.ac.uk; agolden@it.nuigalway.ie RI Zavala, Robert/D-7821-2011 OI Zavala, Robert/0000-0002-9402-2870 NR 29 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 663 IS 1 BP L25 EP L28 DI 10.1086/519790 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 182YH UT WOS:000247539400007 ER PT J AU Imanishi, M Dudley, CC Maiolino, R Maloney, PR Nakagawa, T Risaliti, G AF Imanishi, Masatoshi Dudley, C. C. Maiolino, Roberto Maloney, Philip R. Nakagawa, Takao Risaliti, Guido TI A Spitzer IRS low-resolution spectroscopic search for buried AGNs in nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxies: A constraint on geometry between energy sources and dust SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : ISM; galaxies : nuclei; galaxies : Seyfert; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POINT-SOURCE CATALOG; MU-M SPECTROSCOPY; SPACE-TELESCOPE; INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION FEATURES; SILICATE ABSORPTION AB We present the results of Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph low-resolution infrared 5-35 mu m spectroscopy of nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) at z < 0.15. We focus on the search for the signatures of buried active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the complete sample of ULIRGs classified optically as non-Seyferts (LINERs or H II regions). In addition to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission features at 6.2, 7.7, and 11.3 mu m, the conventional tool of starburst-AGN separation, we use the optical depths of the 9.7 and 18 mu m silicate dust absorption features to infer the geometry of energy sources and dust at the nuclei of these ULIRGs, namely, whether the energy sources are spatially well mixed with dust (a normal starburst) or are more centrally concentrated than the dust (a buried AGN). Infrared spectra of at least 30%, and possibly 50%, of the observed optical non-Seyfert ULIRGs are naturally explained by emission consisting of (1) energetically insignificant, modestly obscured (AV < 20-30 mag) PAH-emitting normal starbursts and (2) energetically dominant, highly dust-obscured, centrally concentrated energy sources with no PAH emission. We interpret the latter component as a buried AGN. The fraction of ULIRGs showing some buried AGN signatures is higher in LINER ULIRGs than in H II region ULIRGs. Most of the luminous buried AGN candidates are found in ULIRGs with cool far-infrared colors. Where the absorption-corrected intrinsic AGN luminosities are derivable with little uncertainty, they are found to be of the order of 10(12) L-circle dot, accounting for the bulk of the ULIRGs' luminosities. The 5-35 mu mnspectroscopic starburst/AGN classifications are generally consistent with our previous classifications based on 3-4 mu m spectra for the same sample. C1 Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. INAF, Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Rome, Italy. Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. INAF, Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Imanishi, M (reprint author), Grad Univ Adv Studies, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. NR 79 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 171 IS 1 BP 72 EP 100 DI 10.1086/513715 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 182ZL UT WOS:000247542400004 ER PT J AU Ma, L Chan, J Davidson, NE Turk, J AF Ma, Leiming Chan, Johnny Davidson, Noel E. Turk, Joe TI Initialization with diabatic heating from satellite-derived rainfall SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE rainfall; diabatic heating; typhoon; initialization; simulation ID DATA ASSIMILATION SCHEME; MEASURING MISSION TRMM; TROPICAL CYCLONE; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; NUMERICAL PREDICTION; MOISTURE BUDGETS; CLOUD CLUSTERS; RATES; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATION AB In this paper, a new technique is proposed to improve initialization of a tropical cyclone (TC) prediction model using diabatic heating profiles estimated from a combination of both infrared satellite cloud imagery and satellite-derived rainfall. The method is termed Rainfall-defined Diabatic Heating, RDH. To examine the RDH performance, initialization and forecast experiments are made with the Australia Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre (BMRC) Tropical Cyclone - Limited Area Prediction System (TC-LAPS) for the case of TC Chris, which made landfall on the west coast of Australia during 3-6 Feb 2002. RDH is performed in three steps: 1) based on previous observational and numerical studies, reference diabatic heating profiles are firstly classified into three kinds: convective, stratiform or composite types; 2) NRL (Naval Research Laboratory) 3-hourly gridded satellite rainfall estimates are categorized as one of the three types according to the rain rate; 3) within a nudging phase of 24 h, the model-generated heating at each grid point during the integration is replaced by the reference heating profiles on the basis of the satellite-observed cloud top temperature and rainfall type. The results of sensitivity experiments show that RDH has a positive impact on the model initialization of TC Chris. The heating profiles generated by the model within the observed rainfall area show agreement with that of reference heating. That is, maximum heating is located in the lower troposphere for convective rainfall, and in the upper troposphere for stratiform rainfall. In response to the replaced heating and its impact on the TC structure, the model initial condition and forecasts of the track and intensity are improved. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Shanghai Typhoon Inst, Lab Typhoon Forecast Tech, CMA, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. Nanjing Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. NRL, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Lab Atmospher Res, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Ma, L (reprint author), Shanghai Typhoon Inst, Lab Typhoon Forecast Tech, CMA, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. EM malm@mail.typhoon.gov.cn OI CHAN, Johnny Chung Leung/0000-0001-8390-7422; Ma, Lei-Ming/0000-0002-4476-8412 NR 37 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 85 IS 1 BP 148 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2006.01.001 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 189ID UT WOS:000247981700014 ER PT J AU Liang, H Haukaas, T Royset, JO AF Liang, Hong Haukaas, Terje Royset, Johannes O. TI Reliability-based optimal design software for earthquake engineering applications SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE reliability-based design optimization; nonlinear finite elements; earthquake engineering; object-oriented software development; OpenSees ID OPTIMIZATION AB This paper describes a functional tool for engineers to make rational design decisions by balancing cost and safety. Focus is on seismic design, in which nonlinear structural response must be considered. For this purpose, we implement and apply a state-of-the-art algorithm for reliability-based design optimization. The work extends the OpenSees software, which is rapidly gaining users in the earthquake engineering community. Consequently, design optimization with sophisticated nonlinear finite element models of real structures is possible. An object-oriented software architecture is employed that focuses on maintainability and extensibility of the software. This approach also offers flexibility in the choice of optimization and reliability methods for each specific problem, supported by the decoupled nature of the optimization algorithm. Our work utilizes and extends the existing tools for structural reliability analysis in OpenSees. In particular, we employ response sensitivities that are computed within the finite element code by direct differentiation. The implementation is tested through case studies with nonlinear structural response. Discontinuous response gradients are overcome by use of fibre cross sections and smoothed material models. The numerical examples include the seismic design optimization of a six-storey, three-bay, reinforced concrete building. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Civil Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Westmar Engn Consultants Inc, N Vancouver, BC V7M 1B3, Canada. RP Haukaas, T (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Civil Engn, 6250 Appl Sci Lane, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM terje@civil.ubc.ca NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0315-1468 J9 CAN J CIVIL ENG JI Can. J. Civ. Eng. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 34 IS 7 BP 856 EP 869 DI 10.1139/L07-002 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 214GX UT WOS:000249726100009 ER PT J AU Choplin, NT AF Choplin, Neil T. TI Scanning laser imaging devices: what do we measure? SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID FIBER LAYER THICKNESS C1 Eye Care San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. USN, Med Corps, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Choplin, NT (reprint author), Eye Care San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1442-6404 J9 CLIN EXP OPHTHALMOL JI Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 35 IS 5 BP 401 EP 402 DI 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2007.01527.x PG 2 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 197BY UT WOS:000248529600002 PM 17651242 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ AF Denning, Peter J. TI Computing is a natural science SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Innovat & Informat Super, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Innovat & Informat Super, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM pjd@nps.edu RI Fettke, Peter/E-9691-2010 NR 10 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD JUL PY 2007 VL 50 IS 7 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1145/1272516.1272529 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 188KD UT WOS:000247917900001 ER PT J AU Neta, B AF Neta, Beny TI P-stable high-order super-implicit and Obrechkoff methods for periodic initial value problems SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Obrechkoff methods; super-implicit; initial value problems ID FITTED MULTIDERIVATIVE METHODS; RADIAL SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; SYMMETRIC MULTISTEP METHODS; MINIMAL PHASE-LAG; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION AB This paper discusses the numerical solution of periodic initial value problems. Two classes of methods are discussed, super-implicit and Obrechkoff. The advantage of Obrechkoff methods is that they are high-order one-step methods and thus will not require additional starting values. On the other hand they will require higher derivatives of the fight-hand side. In cases when the right-hand side is very complex, we may prefer super-implicit methods. We develop a super-implicit P-stable method of order 12 and Obrechkoff method of order 18. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Neta, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM byneta@gmail.com RI Neta, Beny/B-1737-2009 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 54 IS 1 BP 117 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.camwa.2005.11.041 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 191PR UT WOS:000248144000011 ER PT J AU Saad, MD Ahmed, LS Gamal-Eldein, MA Fouda, MK Khalil, FM Yingst, SL Parker, MA Montevillel, MR AF Saad, Magdi D. Ahmed, Lu'ay S. Gamal-Eldein, Mohamed A. Fouda, Mohamed K. Khalil, Fouda M. Yingst, Samuel L. Parker, Michael A. Montevillel, Marshall R. TI Possible avian influenza (H5N1) from migratory bird, Egypt SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID VIRUSES; DUCKS C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Minist Environm, Cairo, Egypt. RP Saad, MD (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, PSC 452,Box 5000,MDS Code 303,FPO AE 09835-0007, Cairo, Egypt. EM darwishm@namru3.med.navy.mil RI Saad, Magdi/H-5561-2013; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 OI Saad, Magdi/0000-0003-2111-8115; NR 9 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 8 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2007 VL 13 IS 7 BP 1120 EP 1121 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 186DB UT WOS:000247758200036 PM 18214200 ER PT J AU Funni, SD Koul, MG Moran, AL AF Funni, Stephen D. Koul, Michelle G. Moran, Angela L. TI Evaluation of properties and microstructure as a function of tempering time at intercritical temperatures in HY-80 steel castings SO ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE fracture toughness; heat treatment; fractography; structural steels AB Prior work on a failed HY-80 Bridge Access Trunk (BAT) casting indicated the cause of failure to be improper processing techniques. As-received HY-80 casting material showed a non-homogenous microstructure with two distinct micro-constituents present: undertempered martensite and a layered marten site-ferrite structure. Heat treatment temperatures from in the intercritical range (721-799 degrees C) produced microstructures that differ from the desired uniform microstructure of tempered martensite and were similar to those found in the failed casting. In order to further examine the relationship between processing and microstructure, it was decided to vary the time for which the steel was held in the intercritical temperature range. This additional work was warranted by the medium intercritical heat treatment results in the previous study [Holthaus JE, Koul MG, Moran AL. Property and microstructure evaluation as a function of processing parameters: large hy-80 steel casting for a US navy submarine. Eng Fail Anal 2006; 1 3(l):1397-409] and its similarity to the failed casting microstructures. An important finding of this study is that, contrary to normal behavior during tempering, HY-80 steel tempered in the intercritical range demonstrates a severe loss of toughness; which can be exaggerated for longer hold times and higher temperatures. To confirm the hypothesis that the presence of brittle martensite formed by improper heat treatment was the cause of failure, SEM section fractography was employed to directly examine the microstructure underlying the fracture surface and to identify a correlation between microstructure and fracture mode. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Moran, AL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM amoran@usna.edu NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-6307 J9 ENG FAIL ANAL JI Eng. Fail. Anal. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 14 IS 5 BP 753 EP 764 DI 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2006.11.029 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 144NG UT WOS:000244802500001 ER PT J AU Marmorino, GO Toporkov, JV Smith, GB Sletten, MA Perkovic, D Frasier, S Judd, KP AF Marmorino, George O. Toporkov, Jakov V. Smith, Geoffrey B. Sletten, Mark A. Perkovic, Dragana Frasier, Stephen Judd, K. Peter TI Ocean mixed-layer depth and current variation estimated from imagery of surfactant streaks SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE currents; infrared (IR) imagery; Langmuir circulation; ocean mixed layer; surfactant; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID GULF-STREAM; LANGMUIR CIRCULATIONS AB The ability of high-resolution imaging systems to resolve small-scale structure on the ocean surface suggests the possibility of using characteristics of Langmuir circulation to map the surface mixed-layer depth and near-surface current. We illustrate this using synthetic aperture radar and infrared imagery that are collected across the edge of the Gulf Stream (GS), which reveals surfactant streaks, or "windrows," that are induced by Langmuir circulation. Based on changes in the windrow spacing and orientation, the mixed layer is estimated to deepen from 7 to 12 m across the edge of the GS and the current to increase from about 1 to 2 m/s. These spatial changes compare reasonably well with independent data, suggesting that the approach is plausible. It may also be possible to extract additional environmental information from the windrows. C1 Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Remote Sensing Lab, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Div Opt Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Marmorino, GO (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marmorino@nrl.navy.mil; frasier@ecs.umass.edu; kyle.judd@nrl.navy.mil RI Frasier, Stephen/H-1536-2015 OI Frasier, Stephen/0000-0003-4287-2889 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 364 EP 367 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2007.895702 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 191QX UT WOS:000248147200007 ER PT J AU Meyer, K Yang, P Gao, BC AF Meyer, Kerry Yang, Ping Gao, Bo-Cai TI Ice cloud optical depth from MODIS cirrus reflectance SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE atmosphere; cirrus clouds; remote sensing ID BULK SCATTERING PROPERTIES; AIRCRAFT; CHANNELS; CLIMATE; MODELS; HIRS AB An algorithm has been developed to infer ice cloud optical depth from the isolated cirrus reflectance derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations. The present method is a modification of a previous study, which, due to limitations in the assumed ice particle habit distribution, limited ice cloud optical depth retrieval to the tropics. Here, the bulk scattering properties of ice clouds are updated, utilizing the new ice crystal size and habit distributions developed for the latest MODIS Collection 5 operational cloud retrieval algorithm. The cirrus reflectance parameter, which is derived from reflectance measurements in the 0.66- and 1.375-mu m spectral bands, is highly sensitive to ice cloud optical depth, allowing for optical depth retrieval. In the retrieval, an effective particle diameter of 50 mu m is used, representing the peak of the global distribution of the effective particle sizes from the MODIS operational cloud products. The applicability of the algorithm is illustrated using daily cirrus reflectance data from the MODIS level-3 data set. The present method, which derives the contribution to optical depth by ice clouds only, is complementary to the operational MODIS ice cloud retrieval, which provides a total column optical depth. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Naval Res lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meyer, K (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Meyer, Kerry/E-8095-2016 OI Meyer, Kerry/0000-0001-5361-9200 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 471 EP 474 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2007.897428 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 191QX UT WOS:000248147200029 ER PT J AU Macumber, DL Annaswamy, A Beal, DN Huyer, S AF Macumber, Daniel L. Annaswamy, Anuradha Beal, David N. Huyer, Stephen TI Noise control due to the stator wake blade interaction via tail articulation SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE active control; biomimetics; blade tonal noise; laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) measurements; particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements; tail articulation; wake deficit ID OSCILLATING FOILS; PROPULSION; NUMBER AB The biologically inspired method of tail articulation is investigated as a means of reducing tonal noise due to wake deficit blade interaction in underwater vehicles. Experiments are carried out in a water tunnel under typical operating conditions for underwater vehicles. Tail articulation is implemented using a life scale stator model with a hinged flapping tail operating both in free-stream velocities corresponding to Reynolds number in the range 75 000 < Re < 300 000 and at frequencies up to 30 Rz to investigate the range of Strouhal number 0.0 < St < 0.35. Velocity measurements of the active stator wake are carried out by laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) to investigate the effects of tail articulation on the stator wake. Time-averaged measurements of the stator wake by LDV show that St of the tail articulation has a dominant effect on the time mean stator drag. Instantaneous phase-averaged measurements of the stator wake by PIV show a transition in the unsteady stator wake as St is increased, from a deflected vortex sheet to a series of rolled up, discrete vortices. Measurements are made of the wake due to both sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal tail motion profiles, which show that significant wake alteration is achieved with tail articulation. A low-order model describing the creation and convection of vorticity by tail articulation is developed which describes wake phenomena observed in LDV and PIV measurements. Finally, a 3-D unsteady propeller simulation using both experimental wake velocity data by PIN and simulated wake velocity data generated with the reduced-order model are used. to predict the effect of sinusoidal tail articulation on radiated noise. Results using simulated data indicate that a significant noise alteration is achieved in all cases, and noise reduction of 5-8 dB is achieved in some cases. C1 [Macumber, Daniel L.; Annaswamy, Anuradha] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Beal, David N.; Huyer, Stephen] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Macumber, DL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Bldg Res Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM aanna@mit.edu NR 33 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 32 IS 3 BP 551 EP 564 DI 10.1109/JOE.2007.896830 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 257QZ UT WOS:000252814900002 ER PT J AU Outing, DA Siegmann, WL Collins, MD AF Outing, Donald A. Siegmann, William L. Collins, Michael D. TI Scholte-to-Rayleigh conversion and other effects in range-dependent elastic media SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE interface waves; parabolic equation method; range dependence; seismoacoustics ID CONSERVING PARABOLIC EQUATION; WAVE-PROPAGATION; SLOPING INTERFACES; OCEAN; GUIDES AB The parabolic equation method provides an excellent combination of accuracy and efficiency for range-dependent ocean-acoustics and seismology problems. This approach is highly developed for problems in which the ocean bottom can be modeled as a fluid. For the elastic case, there remain accuracy limitations for problems involving sloping interfaces. Progress on this problem is achieved by improving and benchmarking the mapping solution. This approach is extended to handle multiple solid layers and propagation between sea and land. It is applied to new types of problems, such as the propagation of a Scholte wave up a eloping ocean bottom and conversion to a Rayleigh wave on land. Although the available benchmark solutions are limited, the results indicate that the mapping solution should be accurate for a large class of problems when slopes are small and that this assumption can be relaxed by applying a simple correction. C1 [Outing, Donald A.; Siegmann, William L.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Collins, Michael D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Outing, DA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM collins@noddy.nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 32 IS 3 BP 620 EP 625 DI 10.1109/JOE.2007.902785 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 257QZ UT WOS:000252814900008 ER PT J AU Yang, TC AF Yang, T. C. TI A study of spatial processing gain in underwater acoustic communications SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE array gain; beamforming; channel equalization; diversity combining; diversity gain; vertical coherence ID PASSIVE-PHASE CONJUGATION; SHALLOW-WATER; EQUALIZATION; COHERENCE AB Spatial processing, including beamforming and diversity combining, is widely used in communications to mitigate intersymbol interference (ISI) and signal fading caused by multipath propagation. Beamforming suppresses ISI (and noise) by eliminating multipath (and noise) arrivals outside the signal beam. Beamforming requires the signals to be highly coherent between the receivers. Diversity combining combats ISI as well as signal fading by taking advantage of the independent information in the signal. Classical (spatial) diversity requires that signals are independently fading, hence are (spatially) uncorrelated with each other. In the real world, the received signals are neither totally coherent nor totally uncorrelated. The available diversity is complex and not well understood. In this paper, we study the spatial processing gain (SPG) as a function of the number of receivers used, receiver separation, and array aperture based on experimental data, using beamforming and multichannel combining algorithms. We find that the output symbol signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for a multichannel equalizer is predominantly determined by the array aperture divided by the signal coherence length, with a negligible dependence on the number of receivers used. For a given number of receivers, an optimal output symbol SNR (OSNR) is achieved by spacing the receivers equal to or greater than the signal coherence length. We model the SPG in decibels as the sum of the noise suppression gain (NSG, equivalent to signal-to-noise enhancement) and the ISI suppression gain (ISG, equivalent to signal-to-ISI enhancement) both expressed in decibels; the latter exploits the spatial diversity and forms the basis for the diversity gain. Data are interpreted using the modeled result as a guide. We discuss a beam-domain processor for sonar arrays, which yields an improved performance at low-input SNR compared to the element-domain processor because of the SNR enhancement from beamforming many sensors. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yang@wave.nrl.navy.mil NR 27 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 32 IS 3 BP 689 EP 709 DI 10.1109/JOE.2007.897072 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 257QZ UT WOS:000252814900013 ER PT J AU Nolde, JA Raring, JW Coldren, LA AF Nolde, Jill A. Raring, James W. Coldren, Larry A. TI Increased modal overlap for improved sensitivity in a monolithic Intracavity chemical sensor SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers; integrated optoelectronics; semiconductor lasers; transducers; waveguide couplers ID DESIGN AB We discuss the design and fabrication of an InP-based single-chip chemical sensor with increased modal overlap with a chemical analyte. The fabricated devices use a sensor design with frequency tunable lasers and heterodyne spectrometers. By reducing the waveguide ridge width in one section of the laser, the transverse modal overlap with the analyte increases by 17 times, increasing the sensitivity by the same ratio. A frequency shift of 72 GHz/refractive index unit was measured with temperature effects removed. The frequency stability of this sensor is as low as 436 kHz leading to a minimum detectable index difference of 6 x 10(-6). C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Nolde, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nolde@engineering.ucsb.edu; coldren@ece.ucsb.edu NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 19 IS 13-16 BP 1051 EP 1053 DI 10.1109/LPT.2007.899452 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 199BQ UT WOS:000248671600033 ER PT J AU Blunt, SD Gerlach, K Heyer, J AF Blunt, Shannon D. Gerlach, Karl Heyer, Jeffrey TI HRR detector for slow-moving targets in sea clutter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID LOW GRAZING ANGLES; PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS; RADAR SCATTERING; GAUSSIAN CLUTTER; ROBUST-DETECTION; HOUGH TRANSFORM; SIGNAL; TRACK; NOISE AB The radar detection of targets in the presence of sea clutter has historically relied upon the radial velocity of targets with respect to the radar platform either by exploiting the relative target Dopplers (for targets with sufficient radial velocity) or by discerning the paths targets traverse from scan to scan. For targets with little to no radial velocity component, though, it can become quite difficult to differentiate targets from the surrounding sea clutter. This paper addresses the detection of slow-moving targets in sea clutter using a high resolution radar (HRR) such that the target has perceptible extent in range. Under the assumption of completely random sea clutter spikes based on an epsilon-contaminated mixture model with the signal and clutter powers known, optimal detection performance results from using the likelihoodsratio test (LRT). However, for realistic sea clutter, the clutter spikes tend to be a localized phenomenon. Based upon observations from real radar data measurements, a heuristic approach exploiting a salient aspect of the idealized LRT is developed which is shown to perform well when applied to real measured sea clutter. C1 Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blunt, SD (reprint author), Univ Kansas, 1520 W 15th St, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 965 EP 974 DI 10.1109/TAES.2007.4383586 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 237MF UT WOS:000251377400011 ER PT J AU Gerlach, K Blunt, SD AF Gerlach, Karl Blunt, Shannon D. TI Radar pulse compression repair SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB This correspondence presents an adaptive approach for range sidelobe mitigation for use by future radar systems as well as in-service radar systems in which the precompressed received signal may not be readily available or it may not be feasible to replace the current pulse compression system. The approach, denoted as pulse compression repair (PCR), utilizes a previously developed adaptive technique to operate on the match filtered output treating the resulting waveform autocorrelation as if it were the transmitted waveform thus "repairing" the effects of range-sidelobe masking that are induced by matched filtering. Illustrative results are presented comparing PCR with the matched filter and the CLEAN algorithm which demonstrate significant performance advantages for PCR as well as robustness to Doppler mismatch and system errors. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blunt, SD (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Eaton Hall, Rm 3034, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM sdblunt@eecs.ku.edu NR 19 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 1188 EP 1195 DI 10.1109/TAES.2007.4383610 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 237MF UT WOS:000251377400035 ER PT J AU Knorr, JB AF Knorr, Jeffrey B. TI Weather radar equation correction for frequency agile and phased array radars SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB This paper presents the derivation of a correction to the Probert-Jones weather radar equation for use with advanced frequency agile, phased array radars. It is shown that two additional terms are required to account for frequency hopping and electronic beam pointing. The corrected weather radar equation provides a basis for accurate and efficient computation of a reflectivity estimate from the weather signal data samples. Lastly, an understanding of calibration requirements for these advanced weather radars is shown to follow naturally from the theoretical framework. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Knorr, JB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jknorr@nps.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 1220 EP 1227 DI 10.1109/TAES.2007.4383614 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 237MF UT WOS:000251377400039 ER PT J AU Cervesato, I Meadows, C AF Cervesato, Iliano Meadows, Catherine TI One picture is worth a dozen connectives: A fault-tree representation of NPATRL security requirements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEPENDABLE AND SECURE COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE network-level security and protection; protocol verification; formal languages AB In this paper, we show how we can increase the ease of reading and writing security requirements for cryptographic protocols at the Dolev-Yao level of abstraction by developing a visual language based on fault trees. We develop such semantics for a subset of NRL Protocol Analyzer Temporal Requirements Language (NPATRL), a temporal language used for expressing safety requirements for cryptographic protocols, and show that the subset is sound and complete with respect to the semantics. We also show how the fault trees can be used to improve the presentation of some specifications that we developed in our analysis of the Group Domain of Interpretation (GDOI) protocol. Other examples involve a property of Kerberos 5 and a visual account of the requirements in Lowe's authentication hierarchy. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Doha, Qatar. USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cervesato, I (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Qatar Campus,POB 42866, Doha, Qatar. EM iliano@cmu.edu; meadows@itd.nrl.navy.mil OI Cervesato, Iliano/0000-0001-6329-3400 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1545-5971 J9 IEEE T DEPEND SECURE JI IEEE Trans. Dependable Secur. Comput. PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 216 EP 227 DI 10.1109/TDSC.2007.70206 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 196OF UT WOS:000248491200005 ER PT J AU Narvekar, PS Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Li, L Heygster, G Gaiser, P AF Narvekar, Parag S. Jackson, Thomas J. Bindlish, Raja Li, Li Heygster, Georg Gaiser, Peter TI Observations of land surface passive polarimetry with the WindSat instrument SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing Applications (MicroRad 2006) CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2006 CL San Juan, PR SP IEEE DE microwave radiometry; polarimetric; soils; vegeation; WindSat ID BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; CALIBRATION; RADIOMETER AB WindSat provides anopportunity to explore the passive microwave polarimetric signatures of land surfaces. In order to accommodate the large sensor footprint, large homogeneous regions with unique features were used. These included forest, rangeland, desert, and agricultural conditions. WindSat observations at horizontal and vertical polarizations over land surfaces were found to be well calibrated and consistent with other passive microwave sensors. Isotropic regions (e.g., Amazon rainforest) had in polarimetric response at all azimuth angles. Results showed hat land surfaces with aligned features (topography or row structured vegetation) produced systematic variations in the third and fourth Stokes parameters. These responses were found to be in, od agreement with previous sea surface studies. Analysis of the temporal trends of the variation in polarimetric measurements for a specific azimuth angle could be attributed to the crop growth cycle in the agricultural region. Further analyses will seek to solate specific features that could be used in applications such as soil moisture retrieval. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. RP Narvekar, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2007 VL 45 IS 7 BP 2019 EP 2028 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.886963 PN 1 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 186NC UT WOS:000247784400013 ER PT J AU Chen, T Long, X Dutta, I Persad, C AF Chen, T. Long, X. Dutta, I. Persad, C. TI Effelct of current crowding on microstructural evolution at rail-armature contacts in railguns SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE armature; current crowding; model and microstructural analysis; railgun ID SOLID ARMATURES; INTERFACE; VELOCITY; SKIN AB During firing of a railgun, the armature typically undergoes melting at the rail-armature contact and deposits melt on the rail, thereby reducing rail life. This melting starts at the trailing edge of the armature, and can be attributed to current crowding and localized Joule heating. This paper reports on dual laboratory-scale armature tests, one with current and one without, and by microstructural analysis of the two armatures, demonstrates that localized Joule heating due to current crowding is the principal source of melting, with frictional heating playing a much smaller role. The paper reports on microstructural changes in the armature due to Joule heating, along with associated degradation of the rail surface. It evaluates the impact of skin effect in the rail and the electrical contact conductance at the rail-armature interface on current crowding at the points of entry and exit of the current into and from the armature. In general, reduction of current crowding decreases the peak temperature at the rail-armature interface. But while reducing interfacial contact conductance reduces current crowding, it enhances the peak temperature and causes more melting. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Adv Technol, Austin, TX 78759 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM idutta@nps.edu RI Persad, Chadee/G-5704-2010 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 43 IS 7 BP 3278 EP 3286 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.895367 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 184MF UT WOS:000247645100020 ER PT J AU Vaidyanathan, R Chung, B Gupta, L Kook, H Kota, S West, JD AF Vaidyanathan, Ravi Chung, Beomsu Gupta, Lalit Kook, Hyunseok Kota, Srinivas West, James D. TI Tongue-movement communication and control concept for hands-free human-machine interfaces SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS LA English DT Article DE ear pressure signals; human-machine interfaces (HMIs); signal classification; signal detection; signal estimation; tongue-movement control ID RISK-FACTOR FUSION; MULTIFACTORIAL DISEASES; CLASSIFICATION AB A new communication and control concept using tongue movements is introduced to generate, detect, and classify signals that can be used in novel hands-free human-machine interface applications such as communicating with a computer and controlling devices. The signals that are caused by tongue movements are the changes in the airflow pressure that occur in the ear canal. The goal is to demonstrate that the ear pressure signals that are acquired using a microphone that is inserted into the ear canal, due to specific tongue movements, are distinct and that the signals can be detected and classified very- accurately. The strategy that is developed for demonstrating the concept includes energy-based signal detection and segmentation to extract ear pressure signals due to tongue movements, signal normalization to decrease the trial-to-trial variations in the signals, and pairwise cross-correlation signal averaging to obtain accurate estimates from ensembles of pressure signals. A new decision fusion classification algorithm is formulated to assign the pressure signals to their respective tongue-movement classes. The complete strategy of signal detection and segmentation, estimation, and classification is tested on four tongue movements of eight subjects. Through extensive experiments, it is demonstrated that the ear pressure signals due to the tongue movements are distinct and that the four pressure signals can be classified with an accuracy of more than 97% averaged across the eight subjects using the decision fusion classification algorithm. Thus, it is concluded that, through the unique concept that is introduced in this paper, human-computer interfaces that use tongue movements can be designed for handsfree communication and control applications. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Think A Move Ltd, Beachwood, OH 44122 USA. RP Vaidyanathan, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1083-4427 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY A JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Paart A-Syst. Hum. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4 BP 533 EP 546 DI 10.1109/TSMCA.2007.897919 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 180UB UT WOS:000247390500008 ER PT J AU Yao, Y Edmunds, T Papageorgiou, D Alvarez, R AF Yao, Yiming Edmunds, Thomas Papageorgiou, Dimitri Alvarez, Rogelio TI Trilevel optimization in power network defense SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART C-APPLICATIONS AND REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE homeland security; interdiction; multilevel optimization; network defense ID CONSTRAINT; ALGORITHM AB We present a trilevel optimization model of resource allocation in electric power network defense. This model identifies the most critical network components to defend against possible terrorist attacks. The goal of defense is to minimize the economic cost that the attacks may cause, subject to resource constraints. We describe a decomposition approach for finding an optimal solution to the trilevel model, which is based on iteratively solving smaller nested bilevel problems. Our testing results demonstrate the advantages of trilevel optimization over bilevel optimization in network defense. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Yao, Y (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM yao3@llnl.gov; edmunds2@llnl.gov; djpapag@mail.utexas.edu; realvare@nps.navy.mil NR 18 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1094-6977 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY C JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C-Appl. Rev. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4 BP 712 EP 718 DI 10.1109/TSMCC.2007.897487 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 184MC UT WOS:000247644800027 ER PT J AU Brown, GG Kline, JE Rosenthal, RE Washburn, AR AF Brown, Gerald G. Kline, Jeffrey E. Rosenthal, Richard E. Washburn, Alan R. TI Steaming on convex hulls SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE naval operations; optimization; linear programming; energy conservation; fuel conservation; sea-going vessels AB This is a sea story about using a simple classroom example to save a great deal of money, as well as to convince beginning Postgraduate Naval School operations research students-experienced, skeptical military officers-that mathematical analysis can yield immediate results. The application is planning a ship's transit from one point to another in a fixed amount of time, given that the ship can operate with one or more of its propulsion plants idled to save fuel. Simple analysis yields nonintuitive results that US Navy shipboard energy-conservation guides overlook. One of the authors (Kline) solved this homework problem as a student and subsequently applied this example when he took command of USS AQUILA, a patrol hydrofoil missile ship. AQUILA achieved results so striking in comparison to her sister ships that the squadron material officer inspected her engineering plant to ensure that no safety settings were being overridden to achieve this record. Kline's spreadsheet decision-support tool was provided to other hydrofoil commanders. A more general version has been conveyed to the US Navy. Considering that our navy spends about a billion dollars per year on fuel for surface-combatant ships alone, this development promises substantial, long-term returns. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Brown, GG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM gbrown@nps.edu; jekline@nps.edu; rosenthal@nps.edu; awashburn@nps.edu NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU INFORMS PI HANOVER PA 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, MD 21076-1344 USA SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4 BP 342 EP 352 DI 10.1287/inte.1070.0286 PG 11 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 202CA UT WOS:000248878100005 ER PT J AU Miklosovic, DS Murray, MM Howle, LE AF Miklosovic, David S. Murray, Mark M. Howle, Laurens E. TI Experimental evaluation of sinusoidal leading edges SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID STALL ALLEVIATION; SEPARATION; AIRFOIL C1 USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Miklosovic, DS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 12 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1404 EP 1408 DI 10.2514/1.30303 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 198LV UT WOS:000248630500042 ER PT J AU Pullen, J Holt, T Blumberg, AF Bornstein, RD AF Pullen, Julie Holt, Teddy Blumberg, Alan F. Bornstein, Robert D. TI Atmospheric response to local upwelling in the vicinity of New York-New Jersey harbor SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; URBAN HEAT-ISLAND; OFFSHORE FLOW; SEA-BREEZE; MESOSCALE; MODEL; CITY; PARAMETERIZATION; AREA AB Multiply nested urbanized mesoscale model [Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS)] simulations of the New York-New Jersey metropolitan region are conducted for 4-11 July 2004. The simulations differ only in their specification of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on nest 4 (1.33-km resolution) and nest 5 (0.44-km resolution). The "control SST" simulation (CONTROL- SST) uses an analyzed SST product, whereas the "New York Harbor Observing and Prediction System (NYHOPS) SST" simulation (NYHOPS- SST) uses hourly SSTs from the NYHOPS model hindcast. Upwelling-favorable ( southerly) winds preceding the simulation time period and continuing for much of the first 5 days of the simulation generate cold water adjacent to the New Jersey coast and a cold eddy immediately outside of the harbor in the New York Bight. Both features are prominent in NYHOPS- SST but are not pronounced in CONTROL- SST. The upwelled water has a discernible influence on the overlying atmosphere by cooling near-surface air temperatures by approximately 1 degrees-2 degrees C, slowing the near-surface winds by 15%-20%, and reducing the nocturnal urban heat island effect by up to 1.3 degrees C. At two coastal land-based sites and one overwater station, the wind speed mean bias is systematically reduced in NYHOPS- SST. During a wind shift to northwesterly on day 6 (9 July 2004) the comparatively cooler NYHOPS- SSTs impact the atmosphere over an even broader offshore area than was affected in the mean during the previous 5 days. Hence, air temperature evolution measured at the overwater site is better reproduced in NYHOPS- SST. Interaction of the offshore flow with the cool SSTs in NYHOPS- SST induces internal boundary layer (IBL) formation, sustained and deepened by turbulent kinetic energy advected from adjacent land areas; IBL formation did not occur in CONTROL- SST. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Pullen, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pullen@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1031 EP 1052 DI 10.1175/JAM2511.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 198WB UT WOS:000248657100007 ER PT J AU Chang, W Alldredge, LMB Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM AF Chang, Wontae Alldredge, L. M. B. Kirchoefer, Steven W. Pond, Jeffrey M. TI Microwave dielectric properties of strained Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 films with and without strain-induced permanent polarization at room temperature SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; CRYSTALS; SRTIO3 AB At room temperature, Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 films can be distorted into in-plane or out-of-plane tetragonal structure depending on the type of film strain while the bulk ferroelectric is in a paraelectric phase (i.e., cubic). The film distortion can be accompanied with or without strain-induced permanent polarization depending on the intensity of film strain. The microwave dielectric constant and tuning of the distorted films are observed to be heavily dependent on the directions of both the tetragonal distortion and the permanent polarization with respect to the measurement direction. The experimentally observed anisotropic dielectric properties of the distorted films are interpreted based on the phenomenological thermodynamics of film strain effect depending on the presence of permanent polarization in the films at room temperature and are discussed with a physical model of polarization and dielectric tuning mechanisms in the strained films. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. RP Chang, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6850,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chang@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 1 AR 014105 DI 10.1063/1.2751410 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 189WC UT WOS:000248018300080 ER PT J AU Huang, L Massa, L Karle, J AF Huang, Lulu Massa, Lou Karle, Jerome TI Kernel energy method: The interaction energy of the collagen triple helix SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; FEATURES AB There is a rapid growth in computational difficulty with the number of atoms when quantum mechanics is applied to the study of biological molecules. This difficulty may be alleviated in two different ways. One is the advance of parallel supercomputers. And the second is the use of a quantum crystallographic formalism based upon quantum kernels. The kernel methodology is well suited for parallel computation. Recently published articles have applied these advances to calculate the quantum mechanical ab initio molecular energy of peptides, protein (insulin), DNA, and RNA. The results were found to have high accuracy. This paper shows that it is possible to use the full power of ab initio quantum mechanics to calculate the interaction of long chain molecules of biological and medicinal interest. Such molecules may contain thousands or even tens of thousands of atoms. In the approach presented here the computational difficulty of representing a molecule increases only modestly with the number of atoms. The calculations are simplified by representing a full molecule by smaller "kernels" of atoms. The general case is illustrated by a specific example using an important protein, viz., a triple helix collagen molecule of known molecular structure. In order for such a molecule to be a stable helix, the overall interactions among the chains must be attractive. The results show that such interactions are accurately represented by application of the KEM to this triple helix. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, Grad Sch, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Karle, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jerome.karle@nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 3 IS 4 BP 1337 EP 1341 DI 10.1021/ct7000649 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 188BL UT WOS:000247893400011 PM 26633206 ER PT J AU Furstenberg, R White, JO AF Furstenberg, Robert White, Jeffrey O. TI Photoluminescence study of the 1.3-1.55 eV defect band in CdTe SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE characterization; defects; photoluminescence; substrates; cadmium compounds; semiconducting II-VI materials ID HIGH-PURITY CDTE; IDENTIFICATION; LUMINESCENCE; BULK AB We report on the photoluminescence (PL) study of defect levels in bulk CdTe. The PL of CdTe was measured in the 1.3-1.55 eV spectral range and at temperatures from 9 to 300 K. The PL spectra were analyzed numerically and various parameters (peak positions, Huang-Rhys factors, etc.) determined. Numerical modeling of low-temperature spectra was performed, and it was shown that the defect band consists of three distinct transitions. Also, we performed hyper-spectral imaging of PL, at 77 K and analyzed the spatial distribution of defects and calculated the level of spatial correlation between the defects. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Furstenberg, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM robert.furstenberg@gmail.com NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 305 IS 1 BP 228 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.03.048 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 187IP UT WOS:000247841300040 ER PT J AU Infeld, SI Josselyn, SB Murray, W Ross, IM AF Infeld, Samantha I. Josselyn, Scott B. Murray, Walter Ross, I. Michael TI Design and control of libration point spacecraft formations SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY AUG 16-19, 2004 CL Providence, RI SP AIAA ID ALGORITHM AB We investigate the concurrent problem of orbit design and formation control around a libration point. Concurrency implies that the design and control problem are simultaneously investigated. Separating the two problems is both unnecessary and ill-advised. The full problem can be naturally cast as a multi-agent, nonlinear, constrained optimal control problem. The optimality criterion is fuel consumption because the engineering feasibility of a formation design is dominated by the amount of propellant required to maintain a formation. Contrary to popular belief, quadratic costs do not measure fuel consumption; consequently, we take a direct measure of fuel consumption given by the L-t norm of the control acceleration. Fuel budgets to individual spacecraft are allocated by isoperimetric constraints. As with most nonlinear problems, the resulting problem does not have closed-form solutions. The full problem is solved by a Legendre pseudospectral method implemented in DIDO. DIDO exploits SNOPT, an active-set sequential quadratic programming solver, and generates quick solutions to facilitate redesign, an important requirement during the early stages of formation design. This approach does not use linearizations in modeling the dynamics, nor does it require analytical results; rather, the inherent nonlinearities associated with the problem are automatically exploited. Furthermore, we take advantage of a true distributed system architecture that does not rely on designing a leader-follower system. Sample results for formations about the sun-Earth and Earth-moon L2 point in the three-body circular restricted dynamical framework are presented. Optimal solutions for relaxed and almost periodic formations are presented for both a large separation constraint (about a third to half of orbit size), and a small separation constraint (about a millionth of orbit size). C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Infeld, SI (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 68 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 30 IS 4 BP 899 EP 909 DI 10.2514/1.18654 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 190AO UT WOS:000248030300001 ER PT J AU Ross, IM Gong, Q Sekhavat, P AF Ross, I. Michael Gong, Qi Sekhavat, Pooya TI Low-thrust, high-accuracy trajectory optimization SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOSPECTRAL METHOD; PROPULSION; ALGORITHM; PRINCIPLE AB Multirevolution, very low-thrust trajectory optimization problems have long been considered difficult problems due to their large time scales and high-frequency responses. By relating this difficulty to the well-known problem of aliasing in information theory, an antialiasing trajectory optimization method is developed. The method is based on Bellman's principle of optimality and is extremely simple to implement. Appropriate technical conditions are derived for generating candidate optimal solutions to a high accuracy. The proposed method is capable of detecting suboptimality by way of three simple tests. These tests are used for verifying the optimality of a candidate solution without the need for computing costates or other covectors that are necessary in the Pontryagin framework. The tests are universal in the sense that they can be used in conjunction with any numerical method whether or not antialiasing is sought. Several low-thrust example problems are solved to illustrate the proposed ideas. It is shown that the antialiased solutions are, in fact, closed-loop solutions; hence, optimal feedback controls are obtained without recourse to the complexities of the Hamilton-Jacobi theory. Because the proposed method is easy to implement, it can be coded on an onboard computer for practical space guidance. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ross, IM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM imross@nps.edu; qgong@nps.edu; psekhava@nps.edu NR 57 TC 23 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 30 IS 4 BP 921 EP 933 DI 10.2514/1.23181 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 190AO UT WOS:000248030300003 ER PT J AU Yan, H Ross, IM Alfriend, KT AF Yan, Hui Ross, I. Michael Alfriend, Kyle T. TI Pseudospectral feedback control for three-axis magnetic attitude stabilization in elliptic orbits SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 16th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 22-26, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID GRAVITY GRADIENT; CONTROL SYSTEM; SPACECRAFT AB In this paper a pseudospectral control law is applied to the magnetic attitude control of satellites in elliptic low Earth orbits. Our results show that three-axis magnetic attitude stabilization can be achieved by using a pseudospectral control law via the receding horizon control in elliptic orbits. The solutions from the pseudospectral control law are in excellent agreement with those obtained from the Riccati equation, but the computation speed improves by one order of magnitude. For the case investigated, the results show the effects of the known disturbing pitch torque are minimized when the satellite is in an unstable gravity gradient configuration. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Yan, H (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM hyan@tamu.edu; imross@nps.edu; alfriend@aero.tamu.edu NR 33 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1107 EP 1115 DI 10.2514/1.26591 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 190AO UT WOS:000248030300021 ER PT J AU Watkins, RJ Agrawal, BN AF Watkins, R. Joseph Agrawal, Brij N. TI Use of least means squares filter in control of optical beam jitter SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB Meeting optical beam jitter requirements is becoming a challenging problem for several space programs. A laser beam jitter control test tied has been developed at the Naval Postgraduate School to develop improved jitter control techniques. Several control techniques, such as least means squares and linear-quadratic regulator were applied for jitter control. Enhancement in least means squares techniques to improve convergence rate was achieved by adding an adaptive bias filter to the reference signal. In the experiments, the platform is vibrated at 50 and 87 Hz. In addition, a fast steering mirror is used to inject a random component of 200 Hz band-limited white noise. The experimental results demonstrated that the addition of the adaptive bias filter to the least means squares algorithm significantly increased the converging rate of the controller. To achieve the reduction of both sinusoidal and random jitter, a combination of least means squares/adaptive bias filter and linear-quadratic regulator is most effective. The least means squares/adaptive bias filter control is most effective for a sinusoidal jitter and the linear-quadratic regulator control for a random jitter. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Spacecraft Res & Design Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Watkins, RJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM rwatkin@usna.edu; agrawal@nps.edu NR 12 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1116 EP 1122 DI 10.2514/1-26778 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 190AO UT WOS:000248030300022 ER PT J AU Bevilacqua, R Romano, M AF Bevilacqua, Riccardo Romano, Marcello TI Fuel-optimal spacecraft rendezvous with hybrid on-off continuous and impulsive thrust SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-CIRCULAR-ORBIT; TRAJECTORIES; EQUATIONS C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Math Methods & Models, I-00161 Rome, Italy. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bevilacqua, R (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Math Methods & Models, Via Scarpa 16, I-00161 Rome, Italy. EM bevilacqua@dmmm.uniromal.it; mromano@nps.edu RI Romano, Marcello/C-7972-2013 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1175 EP 1178 DI 10.2514/1.27716 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 190AO UT WOS:000248030300032 ER PT J AU Kajon, AE Moseley, JM Metzgar, D Huong, HS Wadleigh, A Ryan, MAK Russell, KL AF Kajon, Adriana E. Moseley, Jennifer M. Metzgar, David Huong, Huo-Shu Wadleigh, Aya Ryan, Margaret A. K. Russell, Kevin L. TI Molecular epidemiology of adenovirus type 4 infections in US military recruits in the postvaccination era (1997-2003) SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Adenovirum Meeting CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2006 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; GENOME TYPE ANALYSIS; ACUTE CONJUNCTIVITIS; ARMY TRAINEES; YOUNG-ADULTS; SEROTYPES 4; ILLNESS; JAPAN; HEALTHY; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Background. Military recruits are at a higher risk of respiratory infection than their civilian counterparts. Continuous outbreaks of adenovirus ( Ad)-associated acute respiratory disease were documented among US trainees before the implementation of serotype 4 ( Ad4) and serotype 7 vaccines in 1971. The discontinuation of Ad vaccination programs in 1999 precipitated the reemergence of Ad in training sites, with Ad4 accounting for 98% of all diagnosed cases. Methods. A total of 724 Ad4 strains isolated from recruits presenting with febrile respiratory illness at 8 training sites nationwide between 1997 and 2003 were genome typed by restriction enzyme analysis. Results. Seven genome types were identified, all of which were distinct from the prototype Ad4p and the vaccine type 4p1. Results showed very different, and often stable, genome type distributions at different geographic sites, despite the homogeneity of the recruit source population. Conclusions. The data support the hypothesis that reservoirs for Ad outbreaks are within recruit training sites or in their immediate environments, not in the incoming recruit population. Molecular characterization beyond serotype is critical to understanding the transmission dynamics of Ad infection in these unique susceptible populations and to the implementation of effective prevention approaches. C1 Lovelance Resp Res Inst, Program Infect Dis, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Resp Dis Lab, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Kajon, AE (reprint author), Lovelance Resp Res Inst, Program Infect Dis, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM akajon@lrri.org RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Zucca, Aya/0000-0001-8613-8315 NR 50 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 196 IS 1 BP 67 EP 75 DI 10.1086/518442 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 175BL UT WOS:000246987100012 PM 17538885 ER PT J AU Epstein, JE Rao, S Williams, F Freilich, D Luke, T Sedegah, M de la Vega, P Sacci, J Richie, TL Hoffman, SL AF Epstein, Judith E. Rao, Suchitra Williams, Frank Freilich, Daniel Luke, Thomas Sedegah, Martha de la Vega, Patricia Sacci, John Richie, Thomas L. Hoffman, Stephen L. TI Safety and clinical outcome of experimental challenge of human volunteers with Plasmodium falciparum-infected mosquitoes: An update SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Malaria Research Conference of the Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Inst CY MAR 21, 2006 CL Baltimore, MD ID CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN VACCINE; EXPERIMENTAL HUMAN MALARIA; VIRUS ANKARA; IMMUNIZATION; EFFICACY; IMMUNOGENICITY; PROTECTION; CANDIDATE; CELLS; SPOROZOITES AB Background. Challenge of volunteers by the bites of membrane-fed anopheline mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium falciparum was reported in 1986. In 1997, an analysis of experience with 118 volunteers indicated that mosquito inoculation of P. falciparum could be a safe, well-tolerated, reproducible, and efficient method of challenge. Methods. We reviewed the records of 47 volunteers challenged at our institution with the NF54 isolate of P. falciparum between 1998 and 2002. We also reviewed data from 17 published studies of experimental challenge conducted since 1996. Results. At our institution, the time to onset of first symptoms ( incubation period) was 8.9 days, and the time to first detectable parasitemia on blood smear ( prepatent period) was 10.5 days. All volunteers became symptomatic. Most symptoms were mild to moderate, although 21% of volunteers had at least 1 severe symptom. None developed complicated or severe malaria, and all were cured. Laboratory assessments demonstrated modest, short-term abnormalities typical of malaria. Review of 17 published studies demonstrated that an additional 367 volunteers received experimental challenge safely with similar outcomes. Conclusions. In total, data from 532 volunteers demonstrate that experimental challenge is safe and results in predictable incubation and prepatent periods. Our findings support the continued use of this method for testing efficacy of vaccines and drugs against P. falciparum. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Sanaria Inc, Rockville, MD USA. RP Epstein, JE (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM epsteinj@nmrc.navy.mil RI Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011; OI Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 NR 41 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 196 IS 1 BP 145 EP 154 DI 10.1086/518510 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 175BL UT WOS:000246987100022 PM 17538895 ER PT J AU Park, C Long, X Haberman, S Ma, S Dutta, I Mahajan, R Jadhav, SG AF Park, C. Long, X. Haberman, S. Ma, S. Dutta, I. Mahajan, R. Jadhav, S. G. TI A comparison of impression and compression creep behavior of polycrystalline Sn SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TIN SINGLE-CRYSTALS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; SOLDER BALLS; TEMPERATURES; TESTS AB This paper reports on the application of a miniaturized impression creep test to measure the creep behavior of pure polycrystalline Sn, and compares the results to compression creep data on the same sample, in order to experimentally determine a scaling constant to formulate the equivalent uniaxial creep constitutive law from the impression creep data. The creep parameters determined via impression and compression creep are found to be identical, with n similar to 5 and Q similar to 42 kJ/mol, indicating that over the tested stress-temperature range, the mechanism is core diffusion controlled dislocation creep. In conjunction with results from previous modeling work, a single conversion factor, K-n/C, which depends on material properties, is shown to be usable for converting the impression creep relation to the equivalent uniaxial creep relation, and the experimentally determined value of k(n)/C for polycrystalline Sn is very close to that obtained via modeling. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. Intel Corp, Assembly Technol Dev, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM idutta@nps.edu NR 26 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 13 BP 5182 EP 5187 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0542-5 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 186YP UT WOS:000247814800063 ER PT J AU Shaw, LB Billings, L Schwartz, IB AF Shaw, Leah B. Billings, Lora Schwartz, Ira B. TI Using dimension reduction to improve outbreak predictability of multistrain diseases SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Center manifold analysis; Epidemic models; Multistrain disease; Dengue ID TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; DENGUE VIRUS; DEPENDENT ENHANCEMENT; CROSS-IMMUNITY; THAILAND; CIRCULATION; SEROTYPES; INFLUENZA; STRAINS; MODELS AB Multistrain diseases have multiple distinct coexisting serotypes (strains). For some diseases, such as dengue fever, the serotypes interact by antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), in which infection with a single serotype is asymptomatic, but contact with a second serotype leads to higher viral load and greater infectivity. We present and analyze a dynamic compartmental model for multiple serotypes exhibiting ADE. Using center manifold techniques, we show how the dynamics rapidly collapses to a lower dimensional system. Using the constructed reduced model, we can explain previously observed synchrony between certain classes of primary and secondary infectives (Schwartz et al. in Phys Rev E 72:066201, 2005). Additionally, we show numerically that the center manifold equations apply even to noisy systems. Both deterministic and stochastic versions of the model enable prediction of asymptomatic individuals that are difficult to track during an epidemic. We also show how this technique may be applicable to other multistrain disease models, such as those with cross-immunity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect,Code 6792, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. RP Shaw, LB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect,Code 6792, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lshaw@nls6.nrl.navy.mil RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0303-6812 J9 J MATH BIOL JI J. Math. Biol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 55 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1007/s00285-007-0074-x PG 19 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 179RL UT WOS:000247307700001 PM 17318630 ER PT J AU Stoker, D AF Stoker, Donald TI Georg von Trapp: To the last salute: Memories of an Austrian U-Boat commander. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Stoker, D (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 936 EP 937 DI 10.1353/jmh.2007.0236 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 185AZ UT WOS:000247685000034 ER PT J AU Porch, D AF Porch, Douglas TI FDR's 12 apostles: The spies who paved the way for the invasion of North Africa. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Porch, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 951 EP 952 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 185AZ UT WOS:000247685000046 ER PT J AU Price, LB Roess, A Graham, JP Baqar, S Vailes, R Sheikh, KA Silbergeld, E AF Price, Lance B. Roess, Amira Graham, Jay P. Baqar, Shabida Vailes, Rocio Sheikh, Kazim A. Silbergeld, Ellen TI Neurologic symptoms and neuropathologic antibodies in poultry workers exposed to Campylobacter jejuni SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; INFECTION; PATHOGENESIS; SPP. AB Objectives: To examine associations between occupational exposure to live poultry with Campylobacter exposure, Campylobacter-associated neurologic symptoms, and neuropathologic antibodies. Methods: Questionnaires, serum samples, and stool specimens were collected from 20 poultry workers and 40 community referents. Campylobacter exposure was evaluated by stool culture and serum antibodies; neurologic symptoms were assessed by questionnaire; and neuropathologic antibodies were measured by serum anti-glycolipid antibody concentrations. Results: Poultry workers had significantly higher anti-Campylobacter immunoglobulin G titers compared with that of referents (P < 0.05); they were significantly more likely to report multiple Campylobacter-associated neurologic symptoms; and male poult,yy workers had a higher point risk estimate for detectable neuropathologic anti-glycolipid immunoglobulin G titers (P = 0.07) compared with male referents. Conclusions: These data suggest that poultry workers are at elevated risk of Campylobacter exposure and may be at elevated risk for Campylobacter-associated neurologic sequelae- C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Price, LB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, 4940 Eastern Ave,B-3 North, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM lprice6@jhmi.edu RI Graham, Jay/I-3328-2012; OI Graham, Jay/0000-0001-7062-6293 NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 49 IS 7 BP 748 EP 755 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3180d09ec5 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 190PF UT WOS:000248070500008 PM 17622847 ER PT J AU Manzon, S Nguyen, T Philbert, R AF Manzon, Steve Nguyen, Tuyen Philbert, Rawle TI Bilateral pseudoaneurysms of the superficial temporal artery following reconstruction of the frontal sinus: A case report SO JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article ID ANEURYSMS; TRAUMA C1 Lincoln Med Ctr, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Bronx, NY 10451 USA. USN, Dent Corps, Hartford, CT USA. RP Manzon, S (reprint author), Lincoln Med Ctr, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, 234 149th St, Bronx, NY 10451 USA. EM steve_manzon@yahoo.com NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0278-2391 J9 J ORAL MAXIL SURG JI J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 65 IS 7 BP 1375 EP 1377 DI 10.1016/j.joms.2005.12.038 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 185YD UT WOS:000247745400021 PM 17577507 ER PT J AU Elliott, MJ Slakey, CDRJB AF Elliott, Michael J. Slakey, C. D. R. Joseph B. TI Thoracic pedicle screw placement - Analysis using anatomical landmarks without image guidance SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDICS LA English DT Article DE cadaver study; freehand technique; pedicle screws; thoracic spine ID ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS; COMPUTERIZED-TOMOGRAPHY; HOOK INSTRUMENTATION; SPINAL DEFORMITIES; FIXATION; ACCURACY; THORACOLUMBAR; FUSION; SAFE; STIMULATION AB Study Design: Prospective laboratory study analyzing the technique of pedicle screw placement in a cadaveric model. Objectives: To determine whether a freehand technique without image guidance can be used to safely place pedicle screws in the thoracic spine. Summary of Background Data: The use of thoracic pedicle screws for the treatment of spinal deformity has been gaining increased acceptance among surgeons. Although these implants improve deformity correction, there is still concern regarding the risks to neurological and vascular structures and regarding the experience level needed to use this implant. This study was designed to determine whether these implants could be placed safely without imaging modalities. Methods: Six fresh cadaveric specimens were instrumented from vertebral segments T4-T11. Ninety-six screws were placed along the anatomical axis of the pedicle. Pedicles were dissected to determine the wall violations, the position of neural structures, and the lateral coverage of the pedicle by the rib head. Results: Ninety-seven percent of screws had less than 1 mm of wall violation, with 84 screws (87.5%) fully contained within the pedicle. Four screws (4.16%) violated the medial cortex. No violations occurred superiorly, inferiorly, or anteriorly. Nerve roots were in contact with the inferior pedicle wall at all levels. The average distance from nerve to the superior pedicle ranged from 3.85 to 5.04 mm. Conclusions: Placing pedicle screws along the anatomical axis without image guidance produced a low level of pedicle wall disruption. This technique uses a reproducible start point at each level, and the results are equal to or better than those of other cadaveric studies that have used guidance systems. C1 [Elliott, Michael J.; Slakey, C. D. R. Joseph B.] USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Elliott, MJ (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Cent Calif, Dept Orthoped, 9300 Valley Childrens Pl, Madera, CA 93636 USA. EM melliott@childrenscentralcal.org NR 50 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0271-6798 J9 J PEDIATR ORTHOPED JI J. Pediatr. Orthop. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 27 IS 5 BP 582 EP 586 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Pediatrics SC Orthopedics; Pediatrics GA 299PA UT WOS:000255766300018 PM 17585271 ER PT J AU Johnson, CE Fallis, S Chafin, AP Groshens, TJ Higa, KT Ismail, IMK Hawkins, TW AF Johnson, Curtis E. Fallis, Stephen Chafin, Andrew P. Groshens, Thomas J. Higa, Kelvin T. Ismail, Ismail M. K. Hawkins, Tom W. TI Characterization of nanometer- to micron-sized aluminum powders: Size distribution from thermogravimetric analysis SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID NANOPOWDER COMPOSITIONS; OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; METAL POWDERS; WATER-VAPOR; NANOPARTICLES; PASSIVATION; COMBUSTION; REACTIVITY; EXPLOSION; PARTICLES AB Thermogravimetric analysis was used to study the reactivity of aluminum powders in air, oxygen, and nitrogen. In addition, the data were used to characterize active Al content, Al oxide content, volatile impurity content, particle size, and particle size distribution. Weight gains from complete oxidation of the Al were used to calculate average particle sizes in the range of 30 to 500 nm. These particle sizes correlated well with particle sizes derived from surface area measurement. Particle size was also examined by scanning electron microscopy, and compared with crystallite size determined by x-ray diffraction. Particle size distributions were derived from thermogravimetric analysis data based on a model of uniform oxidation of Al from the exterior to the interior of the particle. The method is well suited for analyzing samples with broad particle size distributions, and in particular, for monitoring the presence of 5005000 nm particles within nominally nanosized samples. Quantitative information was not obtained for particles around 100 nm or smaller, due to large variations in oxidation behavior below 700 degrees C. Nitridation of Al powders was studied for extended times at 600 degrees C. Surprisingly, 2 mu m powder was nearly completely nitrided in 1 h, indicating that the nitride product has little inhibiting effect on the reaction. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Space & Missile Div,Propellant Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Johnson, CE (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Chem & Mat Div, Code 498200D,1900 N Knox Rd,Stop 6303, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 669 EP 682 DI 10.2514/1.25517 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 190QC UT WOS:000248073000005 ER PT J AU Higa, KT AF Higa, Kelvin T. TI Energetic nanocomposite lead-free electric primers SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM NANOPOWDER COMPOSITIONS AB To address environmental concerns on airborne lead from small- and medium-caliber ammunition, the military and ammunition manufacturers have been actively developing lead-free percussion electric primers. Airborne lead endangers the health of military personnel, hampers training, and lead cleanup of indoor and outdoor ranges is high. Although commercial lead-free primers are available, they do not meet the military all-up round action time requirements of 4 ms at 160 to -65 degrees F. Our current objective is to develop lead-free electric primers for medium caliber ammunition based on energetic nanocomposites with gas generating additives. The action time is controlled by the nature of the nanocomposite, mixing conditions, gas additive, and the quantity of gas generating additive. Ignition and ignition reliability are greatly improved by the addition of 2 wt % binder and 2 wt % carbon. Lead-free electric primers composed of 76% Al/MoO3 nanocomposite, 20% 3, 6-bis (1H-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrazol-5-ylamino)-tetrazine, 2% Kel-F, and 2% carbon have been successfully fired at ambient and low temperatures meeting the military specifications. Aging of the energetic nanocomposite negatively impacts primer performance and aging of the nanocomposite ingredients have been investigated. The nanoaluminum powder passivation layer thickness is an important factor affecting the aging in air. Climax's nanooxidizer, MoO3, is both photosensitive and hydroscopic in air. However, heat treatment methods have been developed that eliminate the aging behavior of the oxidizer. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Higa, KT (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, 1900 N Knox Rd, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 722 EP 727 DI 10.2514/1.25354 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 190QC UT WOS:000248073000012 ER PT J AU Smith, KB van Leijen, AV AF Smith, Kevin B. van Leijen, A. Vincent TI Steering vector sensor array elements with linear cardioids and nonlinear hippioids SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB The purpose of this work is to study the impact due to individual vector sensor element steering patterns on linear array beamforming. Standard, linear beamformers employ cardioid beampatterns for each vector sensor. In this work, a class of vector sensor element steering patterns beyond the standard cardioid was examined. The element weighting is nonlinear but nonadaptive, making it simple to implement in hardware processing. The new sensor steering patterns, referred to as hippioids, are products of cardioids and various powers of hippopedes. The angular resolution of individual sensors, the impact on angular resolution from arrays of varying aperture, and peak-to-sidelobe levels will serve as performance measures. An example of the differences in vector sensor steering patterns is provided using measured directional frequency and recorded buoy data. (c) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Netherlands Def Acad, Combat Syst Dept, Den Helder, Netherlands. RP Smith, KB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM kbsmith@nps.edu NR 5 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 122 IS 1 BP 370 EP 377 DI 10.1121/1.2722054 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 191WA UT WOS:000248161500036 PM 17614496 ER PT J AU Finneran, JJ Schlundt, CE AF Finneran, James J. Schlundt, Carolyn E. TI Underwater sound pressure variation and bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) hearing thresholds in a small pool SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-MODULATED SIGNALS; AUDIOGRAM; TONES; SHIFT AB Studies of underwater hearing are often hampered by the behavior of sound waves in small experimental tanks. At lower frequencies, tank dimensions are often not sufficient for free field conditions, resulting in large spatial variations of sound pressure. These effects may be mitigated somewhat by increasing the frequency bandwidth of the sound stimulus, so effects of multipath interference average out over many frequencies. In this study, acoustic fields and bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) hearing thresholds were compared for pure tone and frequency modulated signals. Experiments were conducted in. a vinyl-walled, seawater-filled pool approximately 3.7 X 6 X 1.5 in. Acoustic signals were pure tone and linear and sinusoidal frequency modulated tones with bandwidths/modulation depths of 1%, 2%, 5%, 10%, and 20%. Thirteen center frequencies were tested between 1 and 100 kHz. Acoustic fields were measured (without the dolphin present) at three water depths over a 60X65 cm grid with a 5-cm spacing. Hearing thresholds were measured using a behavioral response paradigm and up/down staircase technique. The use of FM signals significantly improved the sound field without substantially affecting the measured hearing thresholds. C1 USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EDO Profess Serv, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. RP Finneran, JJ (reprint author), USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Code 2351,49620 Beluga Rd, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 19 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 122 IS 1 BP 606 EP 614 DI 10.1121/1.2743158 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 191WA UT WOS:000248161500058 PM 17614517 ER PT J AU Schlundt, CE Dear, RL Green, L Houser, DS Finneran, JJ AF Schlundt, Carolyn E. Dear, Randall L. Green, Linda Houser, Dorian S. Finneran, James J. TI Simultaneously measured behavioral and electrophysiological hearing thresholds in a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WHALE PSEUDORCA-CRASSIDENS; AUDITORY-EVOKED-POTENTIALS; FRESH-WATER DOLPHIN; BRAIN-STEM RESPONSE; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; UNDERWATER AUDIOGRAM; LOUDNESS RECRUITMENT; INIA-GEOFFRENSIS; SENSITIVITY; MODULATION AB Dolphin auditory thresholds obtained via evoked potential audiometry may deviate from behavioral estimates by 20 dB or more. Differences in the sound source, stimulus presentation method, wave form, and duration may partially explain these discrepancies. To determine the agreement between behavioral and auditory evoked potential (AEP) threshold estimates when these parameters are held constant, behavioral and AEP hearing tests were simultaneously conducted in a bottlenose dolphin. Measurements were made in-air, using sinusoidal amplitude-modulated tones continuously projected via a transducer coupled to the pan region of the dolphin's lower jaw. Tone trials were presented using the method of constant stimuli. Behavioral thresholds were estimated using a 50% correct detection. AEP thresholds were based on the envelope following response and 50% correct detection. Differences between AEP and behavioral thresholds were within 5 dB, except at 10 kHz (12 dB), 20 kHz (8 dB), 30 kHz (7 dB), and 150 kHz (24 dB). In general, behavioral thresholds were slightly lower, though this trend was not significant. The results demonstrate that when the test environment, sound source, stimulus wave form, duration, presentation method, and analysis are consistent, the magnitude of the differences between AEP and behavioral thresholds is substantially reduced. (c) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 EDO Profess Serv, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. Biomimetica, Santee, CA 92071 USA. USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Schlundt, CE (reprint author), EDO Profess Serv, 3276 Rosecrans St, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. EM carolyn.melka@edocorp.com OI Houser, Dorian/0000-0002-0960-8528 NR 53 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 122 IS 1 BP 615 EP 622 DI 10.1121/1.2737982 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 191WA UT WOS:000248161500059 PM 17614518 ER PT J AU Landwehr, SE Hilmas, GE Fahrenholtz, WG Talmy, IG AF Landwehr, Sean E. Hilmas, Gregory E. Fahrenholtz, William G. Talmy, Inna G. TI Processing of ZrC-Mo cermets for high-temperature applications, Part I: Chemical interactions in the ZrC-Mo system SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITE AB The chemical compatibility of ZrC and Mo was investigated in carburizing and carbon-free environments at temperatures from 1700 degrees to 2200 degrees C. Heating in the carburizing atmosphere resulted in the complete reaction of Mo with C, while the carbon-free atmosphere resulted in retained metallic phase with a maximum of 13.8 mol% Mo2C formed. The presence of Mo2C was not detected at 2100 degrees C in the carbon-free atmosphere, confirming the existing phase equilibria in the Zr-Mo-C system. Heat treatments in the carbon-free atmosphere also showed liquid formation at 2200 degrees C, as evident from microstructure analysis. Liquid formation was consistent with the interaction between Mo and Mo2C. The liquid was found to comprise at least 7 vol% of the total component, based on a phase diagram for the Mo-C system. The formation of a liquid should allow for the processing of ZrC-Mo cermets by liquid-phase pressureless sintering. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Ceram Sci Grp, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Landwehr, SE (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Ceram Sci Grp, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM landwehr@umr.edu OI Fahrenholtz, William/0000-0002-8497-0092 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 90 IS 7 BP 1998 EP 2002 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.01667.x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 186CK UT WOS:000247756500004 ER PT J AU Malmstrom, TK Andresen, EM Wolinsky, FD Miller, JP Stamps, K Miller, DK AF Malmstrom, Theodore K. Andresen, Elena M. Wolinsky, Fredric D. Miller, J. Philip Stamps, Kathryn Miller, Douglas K. TI Mortality risk in older inner-city African Americans SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 59th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Gerontological-Society-of-America CY NOV 16-20, 2006 CL Dallas, TX SP Gerontol Soc Amer DE mortality; African Americans; lower-body disability; disease; health services utilization ID SUBCLINICAL DISABILITY; FUNCTIONAL LIMITATION; ELDERLY-PATIENTS; HEALTH; ADULTS; BLACKS; PEOPLE; FRAIL; SCALE AB OBJECTIVES: To investigate mortality risks in a sample of poor, inner-city-dwelling, older African Americans. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: St. Louis, Missouri. PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred twenty-two African Americans aged 68 to 102 at the time of their 1992 to 1994 baseline interviews. MEASUREMENTS: Risk factors previously identified in the literature were examined for seven categories: demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, biomedical, disability and physical function, perceived health, and health services utilization. Vital status was ascertained through 2002. RESULTS: Three hundred eighty-six subjects (62.1%) were deceased and 236 were alive (mortality higher than in matched controls). Significant risks for mortality were older age, male sex, annual income less than $10,000, cancer, cerebrovascular disease, dependencies in lower-body function, and number of physician visits in the 12 months before baseline. CONCLUSION: In addition to improving the risk factors for stroke and malignant disease in this population, studies focused on improving lower-body functioning may be warranted as a part of efforts aimed at enhancing longevity in older African-American adults. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. N Florida S Georgia VHS, Rehabil Res Outcomes Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Florida, Coll Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Gainesville, FL USA. Iowa City VAMC, Ctr Res Implementat Innovat Strateg Practice, Iowa City, IA USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Iowa City, IA USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Biostat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. USN, Environm Hlth Ctr, Epi Data Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. Indiana Univ, Ctr Aging Res, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Regenstrief Inst Inc, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Malmstrom, TK (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, 1221 S Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. EM malmsttk@slu.edu OI Wolinsky, Fredric/0000-0002-0916-4955; Miller, J Philip/0000-0003-4568-6846 FU NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG010436, R01 AG-10436] NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 55 IS 7 BP 1049 EP 1055 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01204.x PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 183YA UT WOS:000247607100011 PM 17608878 ER PT J AU Scheurer, MA Hill, EG Vasuki, N Maurer, S Graham, EM Bandisode, V Shirali, GS Atz, AM Bradley, SM AF Scheurer, Mark A. Hill, Elizabeth G. Vasuki, Nagavardhan Maurer, Scott Graham, Eric M. Bandisode, Varsha Shirali, Girish S. Atz, Andrew M. Bradley, Scott M. TI Survival after bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis: Analysis of preoperative risk factors SO JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE VENTRICLE; FONTAN PROCEDURE; GLENN PROCEDURE; OPERATION; TRANSPLANTATION; PALLIATION; CANDIDATES; EVENTS; VOLUME; DP/DT AB Objective: Prognostic factors for survival after bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis for functionally single ventricle are not well defined. We analyzed preoperative hemodynamic and echocardiographic data to determine risk factors for death or transplantation at least 1 year after bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis. Methods: Data for all patients who underwent bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis before 5 years of age at our institution from September 1995 through June 2005 were analyzed. Available preoperative echocardiograms and catheterizations were reviewed. Survivors were compared with those who died or underwent transplantation. Bivariable associations between demographic and clinical risk factors and survival status (alive without transplantation vs dead or transplanted) were assessed with Wilcoxon rank sum test and chi(2) or Fisher exact tests. Survival functions were constructed with Kaplan-Meier estimates, and event times compared between subgroups with log-rank tests. Cox proportional hazard modeling was used for multivariable modeling of risk of death or transplantation. Results: One hundred sixty-seven patients underwent bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis with hemi-Fontan (n = 62) or bidirectional Glenn (n = 105) operations. Three patients died before discharge, 11 died later, and 1 has undergone transplantation. Freedom from death or transplantation after bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis was 96% at 1 year and 89% at 5 years. Multivariable analysis of preoperative variables showed atrioventricular valve regurgitation to be an independent risk factor for death or transplantation (hazard ratio 2.8, 95% confidence interval 1.1-7.1, P = .02). Conclusion: Although survival after bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis is high, preoperative atrioventricular valve regurgitation is an important risk factor for death or transplantation. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Cardiol, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biostat Bioinformat & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pediat, Div Cardiol, Charleston, SC USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Surg, Div Cardiotherapy Surg, Charleston, SC USA. RP Scheurer, MA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Cardiol, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Bader 660,300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM mark.scheurer@cardio.chboston.org NR 25 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5223 J9 J THORAC CARDIOV SUR JI J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 134 IS 1 BP 82 EP U10 DI 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.02.017 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA 183TO UT WOS:000247595300012 PM 17599490 ER PT J AU Wisbach, G Tobias, S Woodman, R Spalding, A Lockette, W AF Wisbach, Gordon Tobias, Steven Woodman, Ryan Spalding, Aaron Lockette, Warren TI Preserving cardiac output with beta-adrenergic receptor blockade and inhibiting the Bezold-Jarisch reflex during resuscitation from hemorrhage SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Eastern-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY JAN 10-14, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Eastern Assoc Surg Trauma DE rats; yohimbine; capsazepine; propranolol; baroreceptors ID FLUID RESUSCITATION; BARORECEPTOR REFLEX; SHOCK; STIMULATION; OXYGENATION; TONE AB Background. Successful fluid resuscitation after severe hemorrhage may be limited by activation of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex. We postulated that pharmacologic inhibition of this reflex would restore cardiovascular hemodynamics more effectively than would volume repletion alone during resuscitation for hemorrhagic shock. Methods: We measured mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and cardiac output (CO) during fluid resuscitation after hemorrhaging laboratory rats until their CO had decreased by 90% to 95%. To block distinct components of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex, animals received capsazepine, yohimbine, or propranolol before iso-osmotic volume repletion. Results. Hemorrhage decreased MAP and CO; despite an initial tachycardia, HR fell significantly in response to this large volume blood loss. The degree of hemorrhage-induced bradyeardia mediated by the Bezold-Jarisch reflex predicted resuscitation MAP. Capsazepine-treated animals had greater resuscitation-induced increases in MAP (values in mm Hg +/- SEM), 130 +/- 12, when compared with the saline-only animals, 90 7 (p = 0.004). The capsazepine group also had a greater increase in systemic vascular resistance over baseline values during resuscitation (86% 19%) compared with vehicle-treated animals (26 % +/- 14 %, p = 0.02). Capsazepine had no effect on cardiac dynamics. On the other hand, yohimbine increased HR and diminished CO, and propranolol dramatically increased stroke volume by 30%. Conclusion. Inhibition of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex may aid fluid resuscitation after hemorrhage only if stroke volume is restored. Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists such as propranolol may prove the most salutary of these agents in enhancing fluid resuscitation in patients with severe hemorrhage. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Special Warfare Command, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Lockette, W (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, Mail Code KCA,34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM warren.lockette@med.navy.mil NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUL PY 2007 VL 63 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e31806864e2 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 190MI UT WOS:000248062600007 PM 17622865 ER PT J AU Nolan, KP Walsh, EJ McEligot, DM Volino, RJ AF Nolan, Kevin P. Walsh, Edmond J. McEligot, Donald M. Volino, Ralph J. TI Predicting entropy generation rates in transitional boundary layers based on intermittency SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st ASME Turbo Expo CY MAY 06-11, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst ID BYPASS TRANSITION; FLOW; TURBULENCE; EQUATION; LAMINAR; MODELS AB Prediction of thermodynamic loss in transitional boundary layers is typically based on time-averaged data only. This approach effectively ignores the intermittent nature of the transition region. In this work laminar and turbulent conditionally sampled boundary layer data for zero pressure gradient and accelerating transitional boundary layers have been analyzed to calculate the entropy generation rate in the transition region. By weighting the nondimensional dissipation coefficient for the laminar conditioned data and turbulent conditioned data with the intermittency factor, the entropy generation rate in the transition region can be determined and compared to the time-averaged data and correlations for laminar and turbulent flow. It is demonstrated that this method provides an accurate and detailed picture of the entropy generation rate during transition in contrast with simple time averaging. The data used in this paper have been taken from conditionally sampled boundary layer measurements available in the literature for favorable pressure gradient flows. Based on these measurements, a semi-empirical technique is developed to predict the entropy generation rate in a transitional boundary layer with promising results. C1 Univ Limerick, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Limerick, Ireland. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Stuttgart, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. USN, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Nolan, KP (reprint author), Univ Limerick, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Limerick, Ireland. EM kevin.nolan@ul.ie RI Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011; Analysis, Some/A-5852-2012 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2007 VL 129 IS 3 BP 512 EP 517 DI 10.1115/1.2720488 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 234QM UT WOS:000251178800009 ER PT J AU Suzen, YB Huang, PG Ashpis, DE Volino, RJ Corke, TC Thomas, FO Huang, J Lake, JP King, PI AF Suzen, Y. B. Huang, P. G. Ashpis, D. E. Volino, R. J. Corke, T. C. Thomas, F. O. Huang, J. Lake, J. P. King, P. I. TI A computational fluid dynamics study of transitional flows in low-pressure turbines under a wide range of operating conditions SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID INTERMITTENCY TRANSPORT-EQUATION; BOUNDARY-LAYERS; TURBULENCE; PREDICTIONS; SEPARATION; AIRFOIL AB A transport equation for the intermittency factor is employed to predict the transitional flows in low-pressure turbines. The intermittent behavior of the transitional flows is taken into account and incorporated into computations by modifying the eddy viscosity, mu(1), with the intermittency factor gamma. Turbulent quantities are predicted by using Menter's two-equation turbulence model (SST). The intermittency factor is obtained from a transport equation model which can produce both the experimentally observed streamwise variation of intermittency and a realistic profile in the cross stream direction. The model had been previously validated against low-pressure turbine experiments with success. In this paper the model is applied to predictions of three sets of recent low-pressure turbine experiments on the Pack B blade to further validate its predicting capabilities under various flow conditions. Comparisons of computational results with experimental data are provided. Overall, good agreement between the experimental data and computational results is obtained. The new model has been shown to have the capability of accurately predicting transitional flows under a wide range of low-pressure turbine conditions. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, ASME, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Ctr Flow Phys & Control, Dept Aeronaut & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Suzen, YB (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RI Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011; OI Ashpis, David/0000-0003-4193-6174 NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2007 VL 129 IS 3 BP 527 EP 541 DI 10.1115/1.2218888 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 234QM UT WOS:000251178800011 ER PT J AU Camponeschi, ET Crane, R Bandos, B AF Camponeschi, Eugene T., Jr. Crane, Roger Bandos, Bruce TI The role and use of nondestructive testing for US navy composite ship structures SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE composite materials; composite ship structures; nondestructive testing; nondestructive inspection AB The US Navy has seen composite materials transition from research and development to large scale fleet applications over the last two decades, Weight savings, maintenance reduction, signature reduction, systems integration and weapon systems performance advantages have been realized as a result of this transition. Nondestructive testing (NDT) methodologies are needed for the acceptance of individual components initially fabricated in the shipyard and for the assessment of structural systems that incur damage during service. This paper documents the application of NDT techniques as used on a case by case basis by the US Navy for its marine composites in both research and fleet applications. C1 Naval Surface Ctr, Carderock Div, Struct & Composites Div Program Off, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Naval Surface Ctr, Carderock Div, Adv Mat & Struct Branch, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Welding Proc & Nondestruct Evaluat Branch, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Survivabil Struct & Nondestruct Evaluat Branch, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Camponeschi, ET (reprint author), Naval Surface Ctr, Carderock Div, Struct & Composites Div Program Off, Code 6501,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM eugene.camponeschi@navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 65 IS 7 BP 752 EP 758 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 183WZ UT WOS:000247604400007 ER PT J AU Bhattacharjee, AK Nichols, DA Gerena, L Roncal, N Gutteridge, CE AF Bhattacharjee, A. K. Nichols, D. A. Gerena, L. Roncal, N. Gutteridge, C. E. TI An in silico 3D pharmacophore model of chalcones useful in the design of novel antimalarial agents SO MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE in silico 3D pharmacophore; virtual screening; malaria; chalcone; design; novel antimalarial agents; quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) ID DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; PARASITE PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY; MALARIA; DERIVATIVES; VITRO; PROGRESS; INVITRO; GROWTH AB Malaria, the most important of the human parasitic diseases, causes about 500 million infections worldwide and over I million deaths every year. The search for novel drug candidates against specific parasitic targets is an important goal for antimalarial drug discovery. Recently the antimalarial activity of chalcones has generated great interest. These compounds are small non-chiral molecules with relative high lipophilicity (clogP similar to 5-7), have molecular weights in the range of 300 to 600 g/mol, and possess in vivo efficacy against both P. berghei and P. yeolii. Preliminary data on our ongoing chalcone synthesis project indicate that these compounds are active in vitro against P. falciparum, but are rapidly metabolized in liver microsome assays. Structurally-related compounds not including the enone linker are found to be much more metabolically stable and yet have comparable in vitro efficacy. In this study, we have utilized the efficacy data from an in-house on-going chalcone project to develop a 3D pharmacophore for antimalarial activity and used it to conduct virtual screening (in silico search) of a chemical library which resulted in identification of several potent chalcone-like antimalarials. The pharmacophore is found to contain an aromatic and an aliphatic hydrophobic site, one hydrogen bond donor site, and a ring aromatic feature distributed over a 3D space. The identified compounds were not only found to be potent in vitro against several drug resistant and susceptible strains of P. falciparum and have better metabolic stability, but included one with good in vivo efficacy in a mouse model of malaria. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bhattacharjee, AK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Med Chem, Div Expt Therapeut, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM apurba.bhattacharjee@na.amedd.army.mil NR 58 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1573-4064 J9 MED CHEM JI Med. Chem. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 3 IS 4 BP 317 EP 326 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 209ZA UT WOS:000249425300001 PM 17627568 ER PT J AU Weis, DR Manos, GH AF Weis, Daniel R. Manos, Gail H. TI Prevalence and epidemiology of pathological gambling at Naval Medical Center Portsmouth psychiatry clinic SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 159th Annual Meeting of the American-Psychiatric-Association CY MAY 20-25, 2006 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Amer Psychiat Assoc ID PROBLEM GAMBLERS; DISORDERS AB Objective: Gambling has exploded in popularity, but pathological gambling (PG) is infrequently diagnosed. The objectives of this study were to calculate the prevalence of PG in a psychiatry clinic, to determine whether PG is underdiagnosed, and to analyze risk factors for PG. Methods: A survey was completed by 584 outpatients presenting to the Naval Medical Center Portsmouth psychiatry clinic over 6 months. Epidemiological data, smoking status, and alcohol use were assessed, and the South Oaks Gambling Screen was administered. Results: The prevalence of PG determined with the South Oaks Gambling Screen was 1.4%. The electronically documented prevalence of PG was 0.04%. Male subjects, smokers, and subjects with an alcohol problem were more likely to have a gambling problem. Active duty members did not have statistically significantly higher rates of PG. Conclusions: PG is markedly underdiagnosed. Military members are not at elevated risk for PG, relative to their dependents. Further research and greater awareness of PG are needed. C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Psychiat, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Weis, DR (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Psychiat, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 172 IS 7 BP 782 EP 786 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 189SZ UT WOS:000248010100022 PM 17691696 ER PT J AU Miller, HI Henderson, DR AF Miller, Henry I. Henderson, David R. TI Governmental influences on drug development: striking a better balance SO NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY LA English DT Article AB There is currently considerable debate in many countries over the effects of public policy - in particular, governmental regulation - on the development of innovative pharmaceuticals. Regulators must balance patients' access to therapies with ensuring the safety of drugs. The consequences of poor decisions can be dire: if access is promoted at the expense of safety, a dangerous product can cause incalculable harm; conversely, if safety is over-emphasized at the expense of access, patients can suffer from the absence of life-saving and life-enhancing medications. Using the United States as an example, we discuss the influence of governmental bodies such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as well as recent legislative initiatives, on pharmaceutical innovation. We argue for a balanced approach to governmental interventions. C1 Stanford Univ, Hoover Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Miller, HI (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hoover Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM miller@hoover.stanford.edu; davidrhenderson1950@gmail.com NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1474-1776 J9 NAT REV DRUG DISCOV JI Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 6 IS 7 BP 532 EP 539 DI 10.1038/nrd2323 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 185NO UT WOS:000247717900012 PM 17491596 ER PT J AU Chung-Park, MS AF Chung-Park, Min S. TI Contraceptive decision-making in military women SO NURSING SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Editorial Material DE contraceptive decision-making; military; women ID UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; ADOLESCENTS; RISK AB The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of women in the military related to the prevention of pregnancy. Ten single women, ages 19 to 24, volunteered to be participants. They were interviewed over a 12-week period in a private setting at a military clinic. The results of the study were that their decision to use contraception was influenced by their personal goals, family values, perceived support system, and effectiveness of the birth control. These women used contraceptive methods that they felt were right for them. The conclusion of the study was that women in active military duty are in need of reproductive health education, career counseling, and support. Nurses are in a good position to provide these needed services. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. RP Chung-Park, MS (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0894-3184 J9 NURS SCI QUART JI Nurs. Sci. Q. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 20 IS 3 BP 281 EP 287 DI 10.1177/0894318407303432 PG 7 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 183IM UT WOS:000247566500027 PM 17595410 ER PT J AU Matis, BA Cochran, MA Franco, M Al-Ammar, W Eckert, GJ Stropes, M AF Matis, B. A. Cochran, M. A. Franco, M. Al-Ammar, W. Eckert, G. J. Stropes, M. TI Eight in-office tooth whitening systems evaluated in vivo: A pilot study SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; DENTIN; ENAMEL AB This in vivo pilot study evaluated eight products with hydrogen peroxide (HP) concentrations ranging from 15% to 35%. The treatment contact time varied from 15 minutes to 60 minutes. Patients were evaluated for color at baseline, immediately after treatment and at one, two, four and six weeks after treatment using a colorimeter, shade guide and photos. All eight products were effective in bleaching teeth. Colorimeter data for Delta E immediately after treatment was 6.77. At one and six weeks after bleaching, there were 51% and 65% reductions in Delta E, respectively. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Restorat Dent, Clin Res Sect, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Restorat Dent, Grad Operat Dent Program, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. USN, Naval Hlth Clin, Great Lakes, IL USA. King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Operat Dent Sect, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Div Biostat, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. RP Matis, BA (reprint author), 1121 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM bmatis@iupui.edu NR 18 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC PI INDIANAPOLIS PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL DENTISTRY, ROOM S411, 1121 WEST MICHIGAN ST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5186 USA SN 0361-7734 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 322 EP 327 DI 10.2341/06-135 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 189JN UT WOS:000247985300002 PM 17695603 ER PT J AU Lucke, RL AF Lucke, Robert L. TI Out-of-plane dispersion in an Offner spectrometer SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE spectroscopy; aberrations; imaging ID DISTORTION IMAGING SPECTROMETER; COMPACT AB In an Offner spectrometer, unlike other spectrometers, the dispersion need not be in the plane of the instrument (defined as the plane that includes the mirror vertices and the center of the entrance slit). If the entrance slit is short, better performance can be obtained when the dispersion is perpendicular to this plane. The reasons for this are briefly discussed, and design examples given. (c) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lucke, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lucke@nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 46 IS 7 AR 073004 DI 10.1117/1.2754316 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 221BA UT WOS:000250200700009 ER PT J AU Rankin, S Norris, TF Smultea, MA Oedekoven, C Zoidis, AM Silva, E Rivers, J AF Rankin, Shannon Norris, Tom F. Smultea, Mari A. Oedekoven, Cornelia Zoidis, Ann M. Silva, Ethan Rivers, Julie TI A visual sighting and acoustic detections of Minke whales, Balaenoptera acutoroshata (Cetacea : Balaenopteridae), in nearshore Hawaiian waters' SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Minke whales, Balaenoptera acutorostrata (Lacepede), have been considered a rare species in Hawaiian waters due to limited sightings during visual and aerial surveys. However, Our research suggests that they are more common than previously considered. In spring 2005, a combined visual-acoustic survey, of cetaceans in Hawaiian waters resulted in the sighting of a minke whale within 22 kin of Kaua'i. Minke whale vocalizations were also detected at several other locations near Kaua'i and O'ahu. These 2005 reports are the first from nearshore (<50 kin) Hawaiian waters despite years of previous shipboard and aerial surveys. The lack of historical sightings is likely due to misidentification or the inability to detect these animals during poor sighting conditions. We recommend that future cetacean surveys in Hawaiian waters include a passive acoustic component to increase the likelihood of detecting minke whales. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Cetos Res Org, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. Pelagikos, Oakland, CA 94606 USA. USN, Facil Engn Command, Honolulu, HI 96860 USA. RP Rankin, S (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Shannon.Rankin@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 61 IS 3 BP 395 EP 398 DI 10.2984/1534-6188(2007)61[395:AVSAAD]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 167AE UT WOS:000246422000007 ER PT J AU Tzortziou, M Osburn, CL Neale, PJ AF Tzortziou, Maria Osburn, Christopher L. Neale, Patrick J. TI Photobleaching of dissolved organic material from a tidal marsh-estuarine system of the Chesapeake Bay SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Photobiology CY JUL, 2006 CL San Juan, PR SP Amer Soc Photobiol ID RHODE RIVER ESTUARY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; PHOTOCHEMICAL DEGRADATION; BRACKISH MARSHES; COASTAL WATERS; NATURAL-WATERS; QUANTUM YIELD; MATTER; CARBON AB Wetlands and tidal marshes in the Rhode River estuary of the Chesapeake Bay act as important sources of dissolved organic carbon and strongly absorbing dissolved organic matter (DOM) for adjacent estuarine waters. The effects of solar exposure on the photochemical degradation of colored DOM (CDOM) were examined for material derived from different sources (estuarine and freshwater parts of the Rhode River, sub-watershed stream, marshes) in this estuarine ecosystem. Consistent with changes in fluorescence emission, absorption loss upon exposure to different portions of the solar spectrum (i.e. different long-pass cut-off filters) occurred across the entire spectrum but the wavelength of maximum photobleaching decreased as the cut-off wavelength of the filter decreased. Our results illustrate that solar exposure can cause either an increase or a decrease in the CDOM absorption spectral slope, S(CDOM), depending on the spectral quality of irradiation and, thus, on the parameters (e.g. atmospheric composition, concentration of UV-absorbing water constituents) that affect the spectral characteristics of the light to which CDOM is exposed. We derived a simple spectral model for describing the effects of solar exposure on CDOM optical quality. The model accurately, and consistently, predicted the observed dependence of CDOM photobleaching on the spectral quality of solar exposure. C1 Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Tzortziou, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM martz@snarktoo.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Neale, Patrick/A-3683-2012; OI Osburn, Christopher/0000-0002-9334-4202 NR 52 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 83 IS 4 BP 782 EP 792 DI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00142.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 197EK UT WOS:000248537200003 PM 17645648 ER PT J AU Du, S Oh, E Wen, J Rubin, MH AF Du, Shengwang Oh, Eun Wen, Jianming Rubin, Morton H. TI Four-wave mixing in three-level systems: Interference and entanglement SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CONVERSION AB The interference of degenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) in three-level systems is examined in both the classical and quantum regimes with a backward configuration. In classical FWM, we find that the phase difference between two indistinguishable FWM transition paths can be varied by different driving laser parameters, and leads to interference in the amplitude and polarization of the generated conjugate field. In the paired-photon generation case, the interference in the nonlinearity disappears because of the time ordering in biphoton generation. However, because of the slow group velocity at the degenerate frequency and polarization, the biphoton-amplitude interference between two Feynman paths can erase the time-ordering information at the detectors. For small group delay, the biphoton correlation, determined by the third-order nonlinearity, shows antibunching and damped Rabi oscillations. For large group delay, where the biphoton bandwidth is determined by phase matching, we show that the biphoton interference leads to a bunching effect. The feasibility of generating polarization entanglement is also discussed. C1 Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Du, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM dus@stanford.edu RI Wen, Jianming/A-2138-2011; Du, Shengwang/B-4475-2011; OI Wen, Jianming/0000-0003-3373-7108; Du, Shengwang/0000-0002-7174-4571 NR 18 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 013803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.013803 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 196ML UT WOS:000248486600170 ER PT J AU Senapati, L Pati, R Erwin, SC AF Senapati, L. Pati, R. Erwin, S. C. TI Controlling spin-polarized electron transport through a molecule: The role of molecular conformation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPINTRONICS; CONDUCTANCE; WIRES AB We investigate theoretically the spin-polarized electron transport through a complex organic molecule coupled to magnetic contacts. Our focus is on how low-energy deformations of the molecule affect the current-voltage characteristics and the magnetotransport of this molecular-scale device. We find that fairly modest deformations, costing only a few tens of meVs, can substantially change the tunneling current-by factors of 2 or more. Such deformations have still larger impact on the magnetoresistance, with small changes in molecular conformation even leading to changes in the sign of the magnetoresistance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Multiscale Technol Inst, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Erwin, SC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009 NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 024438 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.024438 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196QD UT WOS:000248496200092 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Casalini, R. Roland, C. M. TI Comment on "Correlations between isobaric and isochoric fragilities and thermodynamical scaling exponent for glass-forming liquids" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Letter ID ALPHA-RELAXATION; POLYMERS; DEPENDENCE; FORMER; TIME AB For nonassociated, glass-forming liquids and polymers, thermodynamic scaling of structural relaxation times and viscosities is an empirical fact, demonstrated by various groups for dozens of materials. The P and T invariance of the isochoric fragility follows directly from this scaling. Apparent inconsistencies with these statements were reported recently by Grzybowski [A. Grzybowski, K. Grzybowska, J. Ziolo, and M. Paluch, Phys. Rev. E 74, 041503 (2006)]; however, the putative inconsistencies arise from use at higher pressures of parameters to correlate the isobaric and isochoric fragilities that are valid only for ambient pressure. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 013501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.013501 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 197IT UT WOS:000248548900123 PM 17677518 ER PT J AU Cohen, SA Landsman, AS Glasser, AH AF Cohen, S. A. Landsman, A. S. Glasser, A. H. TI Stochastic ion heating in a field-reversed configuration geometry by rotating magnetic fields SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT-DRIVE; PARTICLES; ORBITS AB Ion heating by application of rotating magnetic fields (RMFs) to a prolate field-reversed configuration (FRC) is explored by analytical and numerical techniques. For odd-parity RMFs (RMFo), perturbation analysis shows ions in figure-8 orbits gain energy at resonances of the RMFo frequency omega(R), with the figure-8 orbital frequency omega. Since figure-8 orbits tend to gain the most energy from the RMF and are unlikely to escape in the cusp region (where most losses occur), they are optimal candidates for rapid stochastic heating, as compared to cyclotron and betatron orbits. Comparisons are made between heating caused by even- and odd-parity RMFs and between heating in currently operating and in reactor-scale FRC devices. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. USN, Res Lab, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cohen, SA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Landsman, Alexandra/I-6399-2013 OI Landsman, Alexandra/0000-0002-8194-8439 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUL PY 2007 VL 14 IS 7 AR 072508 DI 10.1063/1.2746813 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 196MH UT WOS:000248486200029 ER PT J AU Velikovich, AL Wouchuk, JG de Lira, CHR Metzler, N Zalesak, S Schmitt, AJ AF Velikovich, A. L. Wouchuk, J. G. de Lira, C. Huete Ruiz Metzler, N. Zalesak, S. Schmitt, A. J. TI Shock front distortion and Richtmyer-Meshkov-type growth caused by a small preshock nonuniformity SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; TIME PERTURBATION GROWTH; LASER IMPRINT REDUCTION; TARGET DESIGN; Z-PINCH; WAVE; STABILITY; FLUID; MODEL AB The response of a shock front to small preshock nonuniformities of density, pressure, and velocity is studied theoretically and numerically. These preshock nonuniformities emulate imperfections of a laser target, due either to its manufacturing, like joints or feeding tubes, or to preshock perturbation seeding/growth, as well as density fluctuations in foam targets, '' thermal layers '' near heated surfaces, etc. Similarly to the shock-wave interaction with a small nonuniformity localized at a material interface, which triggers a classical Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) instability, interaction of a shock wave with periodic or localized preshock perturbations distributed in the volume distorts the shape of the shock front and can cause a RM-type instability growth. Explicit asymptotic formulas describing distortion of the shock front and the rate of RM-type growth are presented. These formulas are favorably compared both to the exact solutions of the corresponding initial-boundary-value problem and to numerical simulations. It is demonstrated that a small density modulation localized sufficiently close to a flat target surface produces the same perturbation growth as an "equivalent" ripple on the surface of a uniform target, characterized by the same initial areal mass modulation amplitude. C1 USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Castilla La Mancha, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Ind, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22150 USA. NRCN, Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Velikovich, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009; Huete, Cesar/A-3184-2012; Wouchuk, J. G./F-1449-2016; Huete Ruiz de Lira, Cesar/F-7412-2016 OI Huete, Cesar/0000-0002-3227-8520; Huete Ruiz de Lira, Cesar/0000-0002-3227-8520 NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUL PY 2007 VL 14 IS 7 AR 072706 DI 10.1063/1.2745809 PG 23 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 196MH UT WOS:000248486200037 ER PT J AU Doyle, RB AF Doyle, Richard B. TI The US National Security Strategy: Policy, process, problems SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW LA English DT Article AB Since 1986, presidents have been required to submit an annual National Security Strategy (NSS). Recent years have seen a proliferation of national strategies of other kinds, linked in part to the NSS. The National Security Council, led by the national security advisor and employing its committee system and the interagency process, develops the NSS. The integration of all the necessary elements within the NSS involves an opaque and irregular set of rolling negotiations among national security principals. The 2006 NSS is best viewed in comparison to the 2002 version, which was issued in the immediate aftermath of 9/11. It stipulates that the United States is at war with transnational terrorism fueled by a perversion of Islam and proposes stable democracy as the primary solution, supported by aggressive efforts to control the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and the option of taking preemptive military action. Criteria for assessing national security strategies can be process oriented or results based. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Doyle, RB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM rdoyle@nps.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0033-3352 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN REV JI Public Adm. Rev. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 67 IS 4 BP 624 EP 629 DI 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00748.x PG 6 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 177SU UT WOS:000247173600004 ER PT J AU McLay, JG Bishop, CH Reynolds, CA AF McLay, Justin G. Bishop, Craig H. Reynolds, Carolyn A. TI The ensemble-transform scheme adapted for the generation of stochastic forecast perturbations SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ensemble transform; stochastic perturbations; correlation; balance; growth ID PREDICTION SYSTEMS; DATA ASSIMILATION; KALMAN FILTER; MODEL; REPRESENTATION; ERROR AB A method for generating stochastic perturbations is derived from the ensemble-transform analysis-error sampling scheme. The method produces stochastic perturbations that not only have multivariate spatial correlation, balance, and prescribed mean and variance statistics, but also conditioning for growth. The perturbations can serve as modification for numerical weather prediction (NWP) ensemble forecasts either during integration or post-processing. A practical demonstration of the method is given, in which operational global NWP ensemble forecasts are modified with the stochastic perturbations as a post-processing exercise. The results suggest that the method can produce stochastic perturbations whose spatially-integrated statistics match target mean and variance statistics reasonably well, if a moderate number of archived NWP forecast perturbations are provided as input. They also suggest that the stochastic perturbations' correlation, balance, and conditioning for growth are functional, in the sense that the perturbations are not predisposed to marked decay at the outset of integration by an NWP model. Copyright (C) 2007 Royal Meteorological Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McLay, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM justin.mclay@nrlmry.navy.mil OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 133 IS 626 BP 1257 EP 1266 DI 10.1002/qj.86 PN A PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 204YE UT WOS:000249079100014 ER PT J AU Chung, EM Specht, CS Schroeder, JW AF Chung, Ellen M. Specht, Charles S. Schroeder, Jason W. TI From the archives of the AFIP - Pediatric orbit tumors and tumorlike lesions: Neuroepithelial lesions of the ocular globe and optic nerve SO RADIOGRAPHICS LA English DT Review ID LONG-TERM SURVIVORS; 2ND PRIMARY TUMORS; COATS-DISEASE; FOLLOW-UP; NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE-1; NATURAL-HISTORY; PATHWAY GLIOMAS; TRILATERAL RETINOBLASTOMA; HEREDITARY RETINOBLASTOMA; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS AB Tumors and tumorlike lesions of the globe and optic nerve in children represent a different histologic spectrum than in adults; the imaging appearances of these lesions reflect their pathologic features. Retinoblastoma is a tumor of infancy and the most common intraocular tumor in children. There are heritable and nonheritable forms. The most common clinical finding is leukocoria. The differential diagnoses of this sign include several nonneoplastic lesions: Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous is a congenital persistence of an embryonic structure causing a retrolental mass. The primitive vasculature may produce a septum in the posterior chamber. Coats disease is a vascular malformation of the retina that produces a lipoproteinaceous subretinal exudate. The vascular malformation enhances with intravenous contrast material, and the fat-containing subretinal exudate does not. Larval endophthalmitis is a granulomatous reaction to the dead or dying larvae of Toxocara canis or T cati. The most important feature that allows differentiation of retinoblastoma from these so-called pseudoretinoblastomas is the presence of calcification in the former. Medulloepithelioma has two histologic forms; the teratoid type may contain calcifications, but it usually arises anteriorly from the ciliary body rather than posteriorly from the retina. Optic nerve glioma is the most common tumor of the optic nerve in children and is frequently associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. These gliomas are usually pilocytic astrocytomas and cause fusiform enlargement of the nerve. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Ophthalm Pathol Sect, Dept Neuropathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Natl Capitol Radiol Consortium, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Chung, EM (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, Alaska & Fern St, Washington, DC 20306 USA. EM chunge@afip.osd.mil NR 119 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0271-5333 J9 RADIOGRAPHICS JI Radiographics PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1159 EP U54 DI 10.1148/rg.274075014 PG 29 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 188GZ UT WOS:000247909400018 PM 17620473 ER PT J AU Nichols, T AF Nichols, Tom TI Boris Yeltsin and Russia democratic transformation. SO RUSSIAN REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Nichols, T (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0036-0341 J9 RUSS REV JI Russ. Rev. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 66 IS 3 BP 531 EP 532 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 179KP UT WOS:000247288700036 ER PT J AU Rosner, H Johannes, MD Drechsler, SL Schmitt, M Janson, O Schnelle, W Liu, W Huang, YX Kniep, R AF Rosner, H. Johannes, M. D. Drechsler, S.-L. Schmitt, M. Janson, O. Schnelle, W. Liu, W. Huang, Y.-X. Kniep, R. TI Cu-II materials - From crystal chemistry to magnetic model compounds SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE cuprates; low dimensional; electronic structure calculation ID LI2CUO2 AB Based on electronic structure calculations within the density functional theory, we report a systematic approach for the modelling of low-dimensional Cu-II materials. Combining concepts of crystal chemistry with ab initio-based magnetic models, we present a systematic study of recently discovered compounds. Our calculation results are in good agreement with thermodynamic and magnetic measurements, suggesting the presented approach as a well-directed route to explore the magnetic phase diagram of low-dimensional Cu-II systems. (c) 2007 NIMS and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Fester Stoffe, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Inst Festkorper & Werkstofforsch, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Crystallog, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. RP Rosner, H (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Fester Stoffe, Str 40, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. EM rosner@cpfs.mpg.de RI Janson, Oleg/D-8502-2011; Huang, YX/G-4105-2010; OI Janson, Oleg/0000-0001-7328-5690; Kniep, Rudiger/0000-0003-0679-5468 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL INST MATERIALS SCIENCE PI IBARAKI PA NATL INST MATERIALS SCIENCE, 1-2-1 SENGEN, TSUKUBA-CITY, IBARAKI, 305-0047, JAPAN SN 1468-6996 J9 SCI TECHNOL ADV MAT JI Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 8 IS 5 BP 352 EP 356 DI 10.1016/j.stam.2007.06.008 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 220KF UT WOS:000250154900004 ER PT J AU Fonda, RW Wert, JA Reynolds, AP Tang, W AF Fonda, R. W. Wert, J. A. Reynolds, A. P. Tang, W. TI Friction stir welding of single crystal aluminium SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article DE friction stir welding; aluminum; single crystal; texture; grain evolution ID DYNAMIC-RECRYSTALLIZATION; GRAIN-STRUCTURE; TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; DEFORMATION; TORSION; AL; MICROSTRUCTURE; MICROTEXTURES; COMPRESSION; ALLOY AB Friction stir welds were prepared in different orientations in an aluminium single crystal. The welds were quenched to preserve the microstructure surrounding the tool and then electron backscattered diffraction was used to reveal the generation of grain boundaries and the evolution of crystallographic texture around the tool in each weld. The extent of both dynamic recrystallisation and conventional recrystallisation varied considerably as a function of weld orientation. As the base plate begins to interact with the deformation field surrounding the tool, regions of the single crystal rotate to new crystal orientations, producing new grain boundaries in the process. These refined grains develop a {112}< 110 >. texture closer to the tool. Large conventionally recrystallised grains sometimes form in the outer regions of the refined grain structure, but become ever more deformed as they approach the tool until they are indistinguishable from the surrounding material. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Riso Natl Lab, Ctr Fundamental Res Met Struct Dimens 4, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Richard.Fonda@nrl.navy.mil RI Reynolds, Anthony/F-2585-2010; Tang, Wei/E-3613-2017 OI Tang, Wei/0000-0002-9274-9574 NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 12 IS 4 BP 304 EP 310 DI 10.1179/174329307X197557 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 214GV UT WOS:000249725400004 ER PT J AU Tschanz, SJ Garcia, JC Haegel, NM AF Tschanz, S. J. Garcia, J. C. Haegel, N. M. TI Modeling of cryogenic capacitance-voltage (C-P) profiling for the determination of minority doping concentration in blocked impurity band (BIB) detector structures SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE blocked impurity band (BIB); C-V modeling; compensation; space charge; cryogenic capacitance voltage analysis (CCVA) ID ASTRONOMY; FIELD AB A finite difference model is used to simulate the low temperature capacitance-voltage (C-V) profiling technique used for the measurement of minority dopant concentrations in the active layer to blocked impurity band detectors. The numerical modeling provides a complete description of the space charge distribution throughout the entire multilayer device and its response to voltage modulation during C-V profiling. C-V profiles are calculated for a range of doping gradients between the heavily doped active layer and the high purity blocking layer. We observe a range of non-linear behavior in the C-V profile with increasing gradient. This can result in an over-estimation of the minority doping in the active layer when applying standard analytical expressions that do not include distributed space charge effects in the data analysis. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Haegel, NM (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM nmhaegel@nps.edu NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 51 IS 7 BP 1062 EP 1066 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2007.05.008 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 205UJ UT WOS:000249139800012 ER PT J AU Brizzolara, RA Stamper, DM AF Brizzolara, Robert A. Stamper, David M. TI The effect of covalent surface immobilization on the bactericidal efficacy of a quaternary ammonium compound SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE quaternary ammonium silane; bactericide; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; S. aureus; surface immobilization; microparticle AB This study investigates the effect of surface immobilization on the bactericidal function of a quaternary ammonium compound. Quaternary ammonium silane (QAS) coated planar surfaces did not produce any measurable mortality of Staphylococcus aureus, while 1 mu m QAS-coated microparticles did produce S. aureus mortality. The experiments using QAS-coated microparticles indicate that the ability of QAS molecules to disrupt the cell wall is not hindered by covalent immobilization of QAS to a surface. These results provide evidence that S. aureus cells on a QAS-coated planar surface are not exposed to a sufficient number of QAS molecules to produce significant mortality. This result has important implications for the development of self-decontaminating coatings. Covalent immobilization is used to prevent leaching of the bactericidal compound. However, covalent immobilization may result in a significant tradeoff in bactericidal performance. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Nonmetall Mat Res & Engn Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Brizzolara, RA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Nonmetall Mat Res & Engn Div, B-60,Rm 351,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM robert.brizzolara@navy.mil NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 39 IS 7 BP 559 EP 566 DI 10.1002/sia.2559 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 178JS UT WOS:000247217600001 ER PT J AU Felker, CC AF Felker, C. C. TI Command at sea: Naval command and control since the sixteenth century. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 48 IS 3 BP 648 EP 649 DI 10.1353/tech.2007.0107 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 194BW UT WOS:000248319900031 ER PT J AU McBride, WM AF McBride, William M. TI Dreadnought gunnery and the Battle of Jutland: The question of fire control. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McBride, WM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0040-165X EI 1097-3729 J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 48 IS 3 BP 649 EP 651 DI 10.1353/tech.2007.0115 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 194BW UT WOS:000248319900032 ER PT J AU Jennings, GJ Hajjeh, RA Girgis, FY Fadeel, MA Maksoud, MA Wasfy, MO El Sayed, N Srikantiah, P Luby, SP Earhart, K Mahoney, FJ AF Jennings, Gregory J. Hajjeh, Rana A. Girgis, Fouad Y. Fadeel, Moustafa A. Maksoud, Mohamed A. Wasfy, Momtaz O. El Sayed, Nasr Srikantiah, Padmini Luby, Stephen P. Earhart, Kenneth Mahoney, Francis J. TI Brucellosis as a cause of acute febrile illness in Egypt SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE brucellosis; Brucella melitensis; Brucella abortus; surveillance; incidence; Egypt ID CATTLE; MELITENSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RESPONSES; SHEEP; RB51; PCR AB To develop better estimates of brucellosis incidence, we conducted population-based surveillance for acute febrile illness (AFI) in Fayoum governorate (population 2 347 249), Egypt during two summer periods (2002 and 2003). All hospitals and a representative sample of community heatthcare providers were included. AFI patients without obvious etiology were tested for brucellosis by culture and serology. Incidence estimates were calculated adjusting for sampling methodology and study period. Of 4490 AFI patients enrolled, 321 (7%) met the brucellosis case definition. The estimated annual. incidence of brucellosis per 100 000 population was 64 and 70 in 2002 and 2003, respectively. The median age of brucellosis patients was 26 years and 70% were male; 53% were initially, diagnosed as typhoid fever. Close contact with animals and consumption of unpasteurized milk products were associated with brucellosis. The high incidence of brucellosis in Fayoum highlights its public health importance, and the need to implement prevention strategies in humans and animals. (C) 2007 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Egypt Minist Hlth & Populat, Cairo, Egypt. San Francisco Gen Hosp, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Eastern Mediterranean Reg Off, Cairo, Egypt. RP Mahoney, FJ (reprint author), NAMRU 3, PSC 452,Box 5000,Code 304, FPO, AE 09835 USA. EM mahoneyf@emro.who.int RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 21 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 101 IS 7 BP 707 EP 713 DI 10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.02.027 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 184TR UT WOS:000247665700015 PM 17442354 ER PT J AU Srikantiah, P Vafokulov, S Luby, SP Ishmail, T Earhart, K Khodjaev, N Jennings, G Crump, JA Mahoney, FJ AF Srikantiah, Padmini Vafokulov, Sagdullo Luby, Stephen P. Ishmail, Tharwat Earhart, Kenneth Khodjaev, Ne'mat Jennings, Gregory Crump, John A. Mahoney, Frank J. TI Epidemiology and risk factors for endemic typhoid fever in Uzbekistan SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE typhoid fever; salmonella; uzbekistan; drug resistance; endemic ID ENTERICA SEROTYPE TYPHI; ANTIMICROBIAL-RESISTANCE; PARATYPHOID FEVER; SALMONELLA-TYPHI; UNITED-STATES; MEKONG-DELTA; VIET-NAM; INFECTION; INDONESIA; WATER AB Background To investigate the risk factors for infection with endemic typhoid fever in the Samarkand region of Uzbekistan. Methods Case-control study of culture-confirmed bloodstream infection with Salmonella Typhi. Patients were compared to age-matched community controls. Salmonella Typhi isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Results We enrolled 97 patients and 192 controls. The median age of patients was 19 years. In a conditional regression model, consumption of unboiled surface water outside the home [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-8.2], use of antimicrobials in the 2 weeks preceding onset of symptoms (aOR = 12.2, 95% CI 4.0-37.0), and being a student (aOR = 4.0, 95% CI 1.4-11.3) were independently associated with typhoid fever. Routinely washing vegetables (aOR 0.06, 95% CI 0.02-0.2) and dining at a tea-house (aOR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-1.0) were associated with protection against illness. Salmonella Typhi resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was identified in 6 (15%) of 41 isolates tested. Conclusions Endemic typhoid fever in Uzbekistan is transmitted by contaminated water. Recent use of antimicrobials also increased risk of infection. Targeted efforts at improving drinking water quality, especially for students and young adults, are likely to decrease transmission of typhoid fever. Measures to decrease the unnecessary use of antimicrobials would be expected to reduce the risk of typhoid fever and decrease the spread of multiple drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Bransh, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Samarkand Oblast Infect Dis Hosp, Samarkand, Uzbekistan. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Dis Surveillance Program, Cairo, Egypt. Samarkand Oblast Sanitary & Epidemiol Sect, Samarkand, Uzbekistan. RP Srikantiah, P (reprint author), San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div HIV AIDS, Bldg 80,Ward 84,995 Potrero Ave,Box 0874, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. EM psrikantiah@php.ucsf.edu NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JUL PY 2007 VL 12 IS 7 BP 838 EP 847 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01853.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 183GZ UT WOS:000247562000006 PM 17596250 ER PT J AU Davis, TA Amare, M Naik, S Kovalchuk, AL Tadaki, D AF Davis, Thomas A. Amare, Mihret Naik, Shruti Kovalchuk, Alexander L. Tadaki, Douglas TI Differential cutaneous wound healing in thermally injured MRL/MPJ mice SO WOUND REPAIR AND REGENERATION LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; LUPUS-PRONE MICE; TRANSFORMING GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA-1; MURINE MODEL; REGENERATION; SKIN; REPAIR; MOUSE; CELLS; FETAL AB Adult wound repair occurs with an initial inflammatory response, reepithelialization, and the formation of a permanent scar. MRL/MpJ mice following ear-hole punch biopsies display accelerated healing and tissue regeneration. In this study, we characterized the healing responses in both MRL/MpJ and BALB/c mice following a 15% total body surface area full-thickness cutaneous burn injury. Macroscopic and histological observations show that delayed wound closure in MRL/MpJ mice is accompanied by an increase in edema, reduced neutrophil infiltration, and more prominent eschar. In vivo bromodeoxyuridine labeling showed no defect in keratinocyte proliferation and migration (reepithelialization). In comparison with BALB/c mice, MRL/MpJ wounds had greater collagen deposition, less granulation tissue formation, and contained fewer a-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts. An observed reduction in dermal neutrophil infiltration and myofibroblast development correlated with enhanced angiogenesis. Overall, BALB/c wounds contracted sooner and to a larger degree, resulting in a significant decrease in scar formation. Interestingly, MRL/MpJ mice showed overt abnormalities in hair follicle proliferation, morphogenesis, and subsequent hair regrowth postburn injury. No substantial evidence of tissue regeneration was observed in either BALB/c or MRL/MpJ wounds. Our results convincingly demonstrate that MRL/MpJ skin burn wounds heal with scar formation with delays in two critical wound healing events: wound closure, and myofibroblast development. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Regenerat Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Regenerat Med Dept, Room 2A10,503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM davist@nmrc.navy.mil NR 40 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1067-1927 J9 WOUND REPAIR REGEN JI Wound Repair Regen. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 15 IS 4 BP 577 EP 588 DI 10.1111/j.1524-475X.2007.00266.x PG 12 WC Cell Biology; Dermatology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Surgery SC Cell Biology; Dermatology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Surgery GA 200HP UT WOS:000248754800019 PM 17650103 ER PT J AU Shulman, I Kindle, J Martin, P Derada, S Doyle, J Penta, B Anderson, S Chavez, F Paduan, J Ramp, S AF Shulman, Igor Kindle, John Martin, Paul deRada, Sergio Doyle, Jim Penta, Brad Anderson, Stephanie Chavez, Francisco Paduan, Jeff Ramp, Steve TI Modeling of upwelling/relaxation events with the Navy Coastal Ocean Model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MONTEREY BAY; PACIFIC AB The Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) is a free-surface, primitive-equation model that is under development at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The NCOM-based model of the Monterey Bay area is evaluated during a series of upwelling and relaxation wind events in August-September of 2000. The model receives open boundary conditions from a regional NCOM implementation of the California Current System and surface fluxes from the Navy Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS(TM))(COAMPS is a registered trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory). Issues investigated in this study are: NCOM-based model simulations of upwelling and relaxation events, coupling to COAMPS, use of sigma versus hybrid (sigma-z) vertical grids, and coupling with a larger-scale model on the open boundaries. The NCOM simulations were able to reproduce the observed sequence of the upwelling and relaxation events, which can be attributed, in part, to the good agreement between the observed and COAMPS winds. Comparisons with the mooring observations show that COAMPS overestimates shortwave radiation values, which makes the NCOM modeled SSTs too warm in comparison with observations. The NCOM runs forced with different resolution atmospheric forcing (3 versus 9 km) do not show significant differences in the predicted SSTs and mixed-layer depths at the mooring locations. At the same time, during the extended upwelling event, the model runs forced with 3 and 9 km resolution COAMPS fields show differences in the surface circulation patterns, which are the most distinct in the southern portion of the model domain. The model run with 9-km forcing develops a northward flow along the coast, which is not present in the run with 3-km forcing and in observations (for example, HF radar-derived radials). Comparison of the wind patterns of the 3- and 9-km products shows a weakening of the 9-km wind stress along the southern coast of the NCOM model domain, which is responsible for the development of the artificial northward flow in the NCOM run with 9-km forcing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Jacobs Sverdrup, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Shulman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM igor.shulman@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 26 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C6 AR C06023 DI 10.1029/2006JC003946 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 185CK UT WOS:000247688700003 ER PT J AU Nakayama, H Taya, M Smith, RW Nelson, T Yu, M Rosenzweig, E AF Nakayama, Hiroyuki Taya, Minoru Smith, Ronald W. Nelson, Travis Yu, Michael Rosenzweig, Edwin TI Shape memory effect and superelastic behavior of TiNi shape memory alloy processed by vacuum plasma spray method SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE vacuum plasma spray (VPS); near-net shape; stress-strain curve; superelastic behavior; shape memory effect; martensitic transformation; TiNi alloy ID MARTENSITIC-TRANSFORMATION; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; NITI; FABRICATION; PARTS AB Machining of TiNi shape memory alloy into a complicated three-dimensional (313) shape is quite difficult, thus a near-net shape forming of 3D shaped TiNi alloy is attractive and cost-effective. Vacuum plasma spray (VPS) process is one of such near-net shape forming processes. In this paper, two kinds of thick TiNi layer, Ni-rich and Ti-rich compositions, were fabricated by VPS process and their shape memory effect (SME) and superelastic (SE) behaviors were characterized. As-VPS processed Ni-rich TiNi which was subjected to homogenization at 1163 K for 7.2 ks and subsequent aging at 773 K for 18 ks exhibited good martensitic transformation behavior. The recoverable strain of the TiNi alloys due to SME and SE behavior were measured to be 2.4% and 5.0%, respectively. The Ti-rich TiNi alloy also exhibited good martensitic transformation behavior and SME in the as-homogenized state. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Ctr Intelligent Mat & Syst, Dept Mech Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Mat Resources Int, Lansdale, PA 19446 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Taya, M (reprint author), Univ Washington, Ctr Intelligent Mat & Syst, Dept Mech Engn, Box 352600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tayam@u.washington.edu NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 25 PY 2007 VL 459 IS 1-2 BP 52 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2007.01.053 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 171IL UT WOS:000246729300007 ER PT J AU Determan, JR Budzien, SA Kowalski, MP Lovellette, MN Ray, PS Wolff, MT Wood, KS Titarchuk, L Bandyopadhyay, R AF Determan, Jon R. Budzien, Scott A. Kowalski, Michael P. Lovellette, Michael N. Ray, Paul S. Wolff, Michael T. Wood, Kent S. Titarchuk, Lev Bandyopadhyay, Reba TI Measuring atmospheric density with X-ray occultation sounding SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR MAXIMUM MISSION; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; TIMING-EXPLORER; CRAB-NEBULA; ASTRONOMY; SPECTROMETER; CALIBRATION; PROFILES; MODEL AB Astronomical X-ray sources provide opportunities for global remote sensing of the Earth's atmosphere. We present a novel technique, complementary to other methods, that involves atmospheric occultation of celestial X-ray sources to measure the neutral density of the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere in the 70- to 150-km region. These are the first such measurements in the 2- to 45-keV (similar to 0.28-6.0 angstrom) passband, and the technique permits both dayside and nightside soundings. Measurements were made using the Unconventional Stellar Aspect (USA) experiment aboard the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS) and the Proportional Counter Array (PCA) on the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) satellite. The data are time-tagged, energy-resolved photon extinction curves which provide sufficient information to determine the altitude profile of the neutral atmosphere. An ensemble of observations of the Crab Nebula and Cygnus X-2 were used to develop a "proof of concept" of this new technique, and results are presented for each source. C1 George Mason Univ, SCS, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Determan, JR (reprint author), George Mason Univ, SCS, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ddeterman@yahoo.com OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A6 AR A06323 DI 10.1029/2006JA012014 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 182XZ UT WOS:000247538600002 ER PT J AU Xu, Y Pehrsson, PE Chen, LW Zhang, R Zhao, W AF Xu, Yang Pehrsson, Pehr E. Chen, Liwei Zhang, Ru Zhao, Wei TI Double-stranded DNA single-walled carbon nanotube hybrids for optical hydrogen peroxide and glucose sensing SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONALIZATION; WATER; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACTANTS; DISPERSION AB The unique optical properties of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are exquisitely sensitive to variations in the surrounding environments. Here, we have studied the redox chemistry of SWNTs encased with double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) reacted with either hydrogen peroxide H2O2 or glucose in the presence of the glucose oxidase enzyme. The DNA-SWNT hybrids are prepared in aqueous solution by sonication that cuts the DNA into short fragments of 100-300 base pairs which efficiently wrap individual nanotubes. The DNA-SWNT hybrids are optically sensitive to H2O2 and glucose, and the hybrid surface can be regenerated by dialytically removing the hydrogen peroxide. This study reinforces the potential of DNA-SWNT hybrids for use in immunoassays and glucose sensing. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Zhao, W (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem, 2801 S Univ Ave, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. EM wxzhao@ualr.edu NR 37 TC 96 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 24 BP 8638 EP 8643 DI 10.1021/jp0709611 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 178IU UT WOS:000247215200036 ER PT J AU Pisano, DJ Barnes, DG Gibson, BK Staveley-Smith, L Freeman, KC Kilborn, VA AF Pisano, D. J. Barnes, David G. Gibson, Brad K. Staveley-Smith, Lister Freeman, Ken C. Kilborn, Virginia A. TI An HI survey of six local group analogs. I. Survey description and the search for high-velocity clouds SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : formation; intergalactic medium; Local Group ID BARRED MAGELLANIC SPIRALS; ALL-SKY SURVEY; MILKY-WAY; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; NEARBY GROUPS; LOW-METALLICITY; ALPHA EMISSION; HIPASS CATALOG; GALACTIC HALO; SPACE DENSITY AB We have conducted an H I 21 cm emission-line survey using the Parkes 20 cm multibeam instrument and the Australia Telescope Compact Array ( ATCA) of six loose groups of galaxies chosen to be analogs to the Local Group. The goal of this survey is to make a census of the H I-rich galaxies and high-velocity clouds (HVCs) within these groups and compare these populations with those in the Local Group. The Parkes observations covered the entire volume of each group with a rms M-H I sensitivity of (4-10); 10(5) M-circle dot per 3.3 km s(-1) channel. All potential sources detected in the Parkes data were confirmed with ATCA observations at similar to 2' resolution and the same M-H I sensitivity. All the confirmed sources have associated stellar counterparts; no starless H i clouds - HVC analogs - were found in the six groups. In this paper, we present a description of the survey parameters, sensitivity, and completeness. Using the population of compact HVCs (CHVCs) around the Milky Way as a template, coupled with the detailed knowledge of our survey parameters, we infer that our nondetection of CHVC analogs implies that, if similar populations exist in the six groups studied, the CHVCs must be clustered within 90 kpc of group galaxies, with average M-H I less than or similar to 4 x 10(5) M-circle dot at the 95% confidence level. The corollary is that the same must apply to Milky Way CHVCs. This is consistent with our previous results from a smaller sample of groups, and in accordance with recent observational and theoretical constraints from other authors. These results confirm that there is very little neutral matter around galaxies, and that any substantial reservoir of baryons must be in other phases. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys M013, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. RSAA, Mt Stromlo Observ, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. RP Pisano, DJ (reprint author), NRAO, POB 2, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA. EM dpisano@nrao.edu; david.g.barnes@gmail.com; bkgibson@uclan.ac.uk; lister.staveley-smith@uwa.edu.au; kcf@mso.anu.edu.au; vkilborn@astro.swin.edu RI Staveley-Smith, Lister/A-1683-2011; Gibson, Brad/M-3592-2015 OI Staveley-Smith, Lister/0000-0002-8057-0294; Gibson, Brad/0000-0003-4446-3130 NR 101 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 2 BP 959 EP 968 DI 10.1086/517986 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 178UO UT WOS:000247245800017 ER PT J AU Farinelli, R Titarchuk, L Frontera, F AF Farinelli, Ruben Titarchuk, Lev Frontera, Filippo TI The hard X-ray tails in neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries: BeppoSAX observations and possible theoretical explanation of the case of GX 17+2 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; stars : individual (GX 17+2); stars : neutron; X-rays : binaries ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; CONVERGING FLUID-FLOW; BROAD-BAND SPECTRUM; CIRCINUS X-1; BLACK-HOLES; COMPTONIZATION; ACCRETION; EMISSION; BRANCHES AB We report results of a new spectral analysis of two BeppoSAX observations of the Z source GX 17+2. In one of the observations, the source exhibited a power-lawYlike hard (> 30 keV) X-ray tail, which was described in a previous work with a hybrid Comptonization model. Recent high-energy observations with INTEGRAL of a sample of low-mass X-ray binaries including both Z and atoll classes have shown that dynamical ( bulk) Comptonization of soft photons is a possible alternative mechanism for producing hard X-ray tails in such systems. We start from the INTEGRAL results and exploit the broadband capability of BeppoSAX to better investigate the physical processes at work. We use GX 17+2 as a representative case. Moreover, we suggest that weakening (or disappearance) of the hard X-ray tail can be explained by increasing radiation pressure that originates at the surface of the neutron star (NS). As a result, the high radiation pressure stops the bulk inflow, and consequently, this radiation feedback from the NS surface leads to quenching of the dynamical (bulk) Comptonization. C1 Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, High Energy Space Environm Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astroparticle Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. INAF, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. RP Farinelli, R (reprint author), Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. EM farinelli@fe.infn.it; ltitarchuk@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; frontera@fe.infn.it NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 2 BP 1167 EP 1172 DI 10.1086/516707 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 178UO UT WOS:000247245800037 ER PT J AU Ugarte-Urra, I Warren, HP Winebarger, AR AF Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio Warren, Harry P. Winebarger, Amy R. TI The magnetic topology of coronal mass ejection sources SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun : corona ID BREAKOUT MODEL; SOLAR-FLARES; NULL POINTS; ERUPTIONS; RECONNECTION; FIELDS; REGION; FLUX; EVOLUTION; EVENTS AB In an attempt to test current initiation models of coronal mass ejections ( CMEs), with an emphasis on the magnetic breakout model, we inspect the magnetic topology of the sources of 26 CME events in the context of their chromospheric and coronal response in an interval of approximately 9 hr around the eruption onset. First we perform current-free ( potential) extrapolations of photospheric magnetograms to retrieve the key topological ingredients, such as coronal magnetic null points. Then we compare the reconnection signatures observed in the high-cadence and high spatial resolution Transition Region and Coronal Explorer ( TRACE) images with the location of the relevant topological features. The comparison reveals that only seven events can be interpreted in terms of the breakout model, which requires a multipolar topology with preeruption reconnection at a coronal null. We find, however, that a larger number of events ( 12) cannot be interpreted in those terms. No magnetic null is found in six of them. Seven other cases remain difficult to interpret. We also show that there are no systematic differences between the CME speed and flare energies of events under different interpretations. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Normal, AL 35762 USA. RP Ugarte-Urra, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM iugarte@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; hwarren@nrl.navy.mil; winebarger@physics.aamu.edu RI Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio/B-1241-2009; OI Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio/0000-0001-5503-0491 NR 38 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 2 BP 1293 EP 1301 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 178UO UT WOS:000247245800050 ER PT J AU Kaihatu, JM Veeramony, J Edwards, KL Kirby, JT AF Kaihatu, James M. Veeramony, Jayaram Edwards, Kacey L. Kirby, James T. TI Asymptotic behavior of frequency and wave number spectra of nearshore shoaling and breaking waves SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID GENERATED GRAVITY-WAVES; BOUSSINESQ EQUATIONS; EQUILIBRIUM RANGE; SHALLOW-WATER; SURFACE-WAVES; DEPTH; TRANSFORMATION; MODEL; FORM; PROPAGATION AB [1] Wave number spectra from shoaling and breaking waves in five laboratory tests are compared to a recently published parameterization describing the evolutionary characteristics of surf zone wave spectra. This parameterization proposes two regions in which different wave number spectral shapes are present; the Zakharov range (2.5 k(p) <= k <= 1/h) has a k(-4/3) dependence, while the Toba range ( k > 1/h) has a k(-5/2) shape. Comparison to laboratory data reveals that the spectral slopes from the Zakharov range of the data trend toward increased agreement with the parameterization in the range of incipient breaking. In contrast, the spectral slopes from the Toba range evolve slowly, likely owing to nonlinear interactions with lower, more energetic wave numbers. However, in the inner surf zone the spectral shape for both parameterized ranges tend toward k(-2) ( or equivalently, f(-2) in shallow water). The dissipation coefficient a(f) is extracted from time series of free surface elevations; it is found that a( f) has a reciprocal frequency dependence with that of the frequency spectra S( f) of the data, and that this correspondence increases as the waves enter the surf zone. Additionally alpha( f) similar to 1/ S( f) similar to f(2) in the inner surf zone. It is concluded that the wave number spectrum parameterization, particularly in the Zakharov range, reasonably describes the spectral shape while the surf zone is still only partially saturated. However, continued breaking moves the spectral shape away from the parameterized slope toward a f(-2) ( or k(-2)) spectral shape, representative of the sawtooth-like shape of surf zone waves. This spectral shape is a clear inner surf zone asymptote. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Jacobs Technol Inc, Adv Syst Grp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Kaihatu, JM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jkaihatu@civil.tamu.edu RI Kaihatu, James/H-7561-2016 OI Kaihatu, James/0000-0002-9277-6409 NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C6 AR C06016 DI 10.1029/2006JC003817 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 182XB UT WOS:000247536200003 ER PT J AU Orbons, SM Roberts, A Jamieson, DN Haftel, MI Schlockermann, C Freeman, D Luther-Davies, B AF Orbons, Shannon M. Roberts, Ann Jamieson, David N. Haftel, Michael I. Schlockermann, Carl Freeman, Darren Luther-Davies, Barry TI Extraordinary optical transmission with coaxial apertures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUBWAVELENGTH HOLE ARRAYS; SURFACE-PLASMONS; LIGHT AB Recently it has been predicted that " cylindrical" surface plasmons (CSP's) on cylindrical interfaces of coaxial ring apertures produce a different form of extraordinary optical transmission that extends to ever increasing wavelengths as the dielectric ring narrows. This letter presents experimental confirmation of this CSP assisted extraordinary transmission. Nanoarrays of submicron coaxial apertures are fabricated in a thin silver film on a glass substrate and far-field transmission spectra are measured. The experimental spectrum is in close agreement with predictions from finite-difference time-domain simulations and CSP dispersion theory. The role of cylindrical surface plasmons in producing extraordinary transmission is thus confirmed. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC USA. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, I Phys Inst, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Australian Natl Univ, Laser Phys Ctr, Ctr Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices Opt Syst, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Orbons, SM (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM shannonorbons@hotmail.com RI Jamieson, David/G-3753-2010; Roberts, Ann/C-3418-2011; Luther-Davies, Barry/D-7294-2013; OI Roberts, Ann/0000-0003-4295-9730; Luther-Davies, Barry/0000-0002-2747-5036; Jamieson, David/0000-0001-7733-6715 NR 18 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 18 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 25 AR 251107 DI 10.1063/1.2751120 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 181XE UT WOS:000247468900007 ER PT J AU Ganguli, G Rudakov, L Mithaiwala, M Papadopoulos, K AF Ganguli, Gurudas Rudakov, Leonid Mithaiwala, Manish Papadopoulos, Konstantinos TI Generation and evolution of intense ion cyclotron turbulence by artificial plasma cloud in the magnetosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS; PITCH-ANGLE DIFFUSION; INCOHERENT-SCATTER; SPACE-SHUTTLE; ALFVEN WAVES; ULF WAVES; BOW WAVE; ACCELERATION; INJECTION; DRIVEN AB [1] It is shown that intense ion cyclotron turbulence can be induced in the near-Earth space by shaped release of neutral gas of materials such as lithium, cesium, etc. Release of 1 ton of neutral lithium gas in the Earth's equatorial plane at L = 2 can introduce about 30 GJ of energy which can be used to excite waves around the lithium ion cyclotron harmonics that readily evolves into the turbulent state. The energy is obtained by converting the orbital kinetic energy of the neutral lithium atoms into free energy for the electromagnetic waves through photoionization and creation of a ring distribution in the lithium ion velocity perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field. This distribution function is highly unstable and can spontaneously trigger large amplitude shear Alfven waves near lithium cyclotron harmonics with unique nonlinear properties. These waves lead to pitch angle scattering of the trapped electrons in a broad energy band. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. USN, Natl Res Council, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys & Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ganguli, G (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gang@ppd.nrl.navy.mil NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 16 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A6 AR A06231 DI 10.1029/2006JA012162 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 180NL UT WOS:000247371700006 ER PT J AU Chatrathi, MP Wang, J Collins, GE AF Chatrathi, Madhu Prakash Wang, Joseph Collins, Greg E. TI Sandwich electrochemical immunoassay for the detection of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B based on immobilized thiolated antibodies SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Staphylococcal enterotoxin B; sandwich electrochemical immunoassay; thiolated antibody ID ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; BIOSENSOR; SURFACE; AUREUS; ENZYME; FOOD; SENSOR; AGENTS; ASSAY AB A new approach for the sensitive detection of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is presented based upon an electrochemical enzymatic immunoassay that utilizes thiolated antibodies immobilized on a gold surface. This method relies on the use of amine- or sulfhydryl-reactive heterobifunctional cross-tinkers for the introduction of 2-pyridyl-disulfide groups to the antibody. The disulfide-containing linkages are subsequently cleaved with a suitable reducing agent, such as dithiothreitol (DTT), and the thiolated antibody-gold bond is covalently formed on a gold working electrode. Various cross-linking agents for immobilization of the capture antibody onto the gold electrode were investigated and compared. Factors influencing the thiolation and immobilization were investigated and optimized. The feasibility of such antibody immobilization and the subsequent sandwich enzyme immunoassay is demonstrated for the sensitive detection of SEB. The detection limit estimated from a representative dose-response curve is 1 ng/mL, corresponding to 5 pg in a 5-mu L sample. Coupling the specificity of immurroassays with the sensitivity and low detection limits of electrochemical detection shows real promise for future sensing technology in enabling the development of single-use disposable devices. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6112,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM greg.collins@nri.navy.mil RI Wang, Joseph/C-6175-2011 NR 28 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 22 IS 12 BP 2932 EP 2938 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2006.12.013 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 183EK UT WOS:000247555300024 PM 17223337 ER PT J AU Ngundi, MM Anderson, GP AF Ngundi, Miriam M. Anderson, George P. TI Failure of layer-by-layer multilayers composed of neutravidin-biotin-labeled antibody for sandwich fluoroimmunosensing SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE layer-by-layer; multilayers; staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB); antibody; NeutrAvidin; biotin ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; IMMOBILIZATION; BIOSENSOR; AVIDIN; IMMUNOSENSOR; MONOLAYERS; GLUCOSE; SENSOR AB The high-density attachment of active antibodies or other recognition molecules to the capture surface is one of the fundamental processes in route to developing effective biosensors. One method applied frequently to enzymatic sensor systems has been the layer-by-layer assembly of the bioactive surface. Cui et al. [Cui, X., Pei, R., Wang, Z., Yang, F., Ma, Y., Dong, S., Yang, X., 2003. Biosens. Bioelectron. 18, 59-67] extended this concept to immunosensors, where they formed multilayers composed of avidin and biotinylated antibody and reported this construct to be a potent way to form an effective surface for surface plasmon resonance biodetection. We reexamined this concept in an effort to establish a simple method to improve the activity of polystyrene capture surfaces used in sandwich fluoroimmunoassays for the detection of the target, staphylococcal. enterotoxin B (SEB). Using multilayers prepared by alternating between NeutrAvidin and either biotinylated mono or polyclonal anti-SEB antibody, we found that virtually all the SEB-binding activity was derived from the final layer added; and that additional layers provided no observable enhancement in fluoroimmunoassay signal strength. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biol Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Novo Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Anderson, GP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biol Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM george.anderson@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 22 IS 12 BP 3243 EP 3246 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2006.12.030 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 183EK UT WOS:000247555300069 PM 17289368 ER PT J AU Park, HD Prokes, SM Twigg, ME Ding, Y Wang, ZL AF Park, Hyun D. Prokes, S. M. Twigg, M. E. Ding, Yong Wang, Zhong Lin TI Growth of high quality, epitaxial InSb nanowires SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE epitaxial; nanowires; narrow bandgap; InSb ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY AB The growth of InSb nanowires on an Insb(111) substrate in a closed system is described. A high density InSb nanowires was grown by the use of InSb substrates in a torch sealed quartz tube at a temperature of 400 degrees C, using a 60 nm size gold colloid catalyst. The typical diameter of the InSb nanowires was 80-200 nm and they consisted of nearly equal atomic percent of In and Sb. Transmission electron microscopy showed the wires to be single crystal, with a growth direction of < 110 >. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Park, HD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM park@bloch.nrl.navy.mil RI Wang, Zhong Lin/E-2176-2011 OI Wang, Zhong Lin/0000-0002-5530-0380 NR 15 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 304 IS 2 BP 399 EP 401 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.03.023 PG 3 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 181EL UT WOS:000247419600018 ER PT J AU Streltsov, AV Lampe, M Ganguli, G AF Streltsov, A. V. Lampe, M. Ganguli, G. TI Whistler propagation in nonsymmetrical density channels SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-PROPAGATION; PLASMA-DENSITY; CLUSTER OBSERVATIONS; DUCTS; MAGNETOSPHERE; EXCITATION AB [1] We present results from a study of whistler propagation in plasma density channels extended along Earth's geomagnetic field and localized across it. Our study is focused on whistler guiding by channels with a nonsymmetrical density profile across the channel. Such profiles are typical for density inhomogeneities observed on/near the plasmapause formed in the Earth's magnetosphere during strong geomagnetic storms/substorms. Considering these density channels as a combination of high-density and low-density ducts, we analyze leakage of the electromagnetic energy from these ducts depending on various parameters of the system. Our results indicate that a whistler with a frequency less than half of the local electron gyrofrequency can propagate along a nonsymmetrical duct with a homogeneous central part, without any leakage, when the width of the duct is equal to an integral multiple of each of the two internal perpendicular wavelengths. We also show that a homogeneous ducting region is not necessary; a low-frequency whistler can be guided along a region of appropriate density within a monotonic density gradient. This finding makes our results particularly relevant for the interpretation of intense whistler dynamics recorded in a number of satellite observations near/on the plasmapause where strong transverse density gradients are observed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Streltsov, AV (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM streltsov@dartmouth.edu; martin.lampe@nrl.navy.mil; gurudas.ganguli@nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A6 AR A06226 DI 10.1029/2006JA012093 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 180NK UT WOS:000247371600005 ER PT J AU Strickland, DJ Lean, JL Daniell, RE Knight, HK Woo, WK Meier, RR Straus, PR Woods, TN Eparvier, FG McMullin, DR Christensen, AB Morrison, D Paxton, LJ AF Strickland, D. J. Lean, J. L. Daniell, R. E., Jr. Knight, H. K. Woo, W. K. Meier, R. R. Straus, P. R. Woods, T. N. Eparvier, F. G. McMullin, D. R. Christensen, A. B. Morrison, D. Paxton, L. J. TI Constraining and validating the Oct/Nov 2003 X-class EUV flare enhancements with observations of FUV dayglow and E-region electron densities SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR EUV; IRRADIANCE VARIABILITY; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; WEATHER; MISSION; SYSTEM; INPUTS; O/N-2 AB [1] Near peak activity of two X-class solar flares, on 28 October and 4 November 2003, the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics ( TIMED)/Solar EUV Experiment ( SEE) instrument recorded order of magnitude increases in solar EUV irradiance, the TIMED/Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) observed simultaneous increases in upper atmosphere far ultraviolet (FUV) dayglow, and the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) radar and the Ionospheric Occultation Experiment onboard the PICOSat spacecraft recorded corresponding changes in E-region electron densities. Calculations of the FUV dayglow and electron density profiles using Version 8 SEE flare spectra overestimate the actual observed increases by more than a factor of 2.0. This prompted the development of an alternative approach that uses the FUV dayglow and associated E-layer electron density profiles to derive and validate, respectively, the increases in the solar EUV irradiance spectrum. The solar EUV spectrum required to produce the FUV dayglow is specified between 45 and 27 nm by SEE's EGS measurements, between 27 and 5 nm by GUVI dayglow measurements, and between 5 and 1 nm using a combination of the GOES X-ray data and the NRLEUV model. The energy fluxes in the 5- to 27-nm bands ( at 5 - 10, 10 - 15, 15 - 20, and 20 - 27 nm) are randomly varied in search of combinations such that the full spectrum ( lambda < 45 nm) replicates the GUVI dayglow observations. In contrast to the Version 8 SEE XPS observations, solar EUV spectra derived using the multiband yield approach produce electron densities that are consistent with those observed independently. The new multiband yield algorithm thus provides a unique tool for independent validation of solar EUV spectral irradiance measurements using FUV dayglow observations. C1 Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. Northrop Grumman Corp, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. RP Strickland, DJ (reprint author), Computat Phys Inc, 80001 Braddock Rd,Suite 201, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM dstrick@cpi.com RI Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014; Paxton, Larry/D-1934-2015; OI Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115; Paxton, Larry/0000-0002-2597-347X; Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A6 AR A06313 DI 10.1029/2006JA012074 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 180NK UT WOS:000247371600004 ER PT J AU Makinen, AJ Foos, EE Wilkinson, J Long, JP AF Maekinen, A. J. Foos, E. E. Wilkinson, J. Long, J. P. TI STM-induced light emission from substrate-tethered quantum dots SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; ELECTROMAGNETIC-INTERACTIONS; SURFACE-PLASMONS; METAL-SURFACES; NANOCRYSTALS; LUMINESCENCE; CDSE; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; NANOSTRUCTURES; SPECTROSCOPY AB Scanning tunneling microscope-induced light emission from multilayers of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) is found to exceed by up to 2 orders of magnitude the well-known radiation from a local tip-induced plasmon (TIP) at a QD-free gold surface. Emission spectra and the bias-voltage dependence of current and light emission point to inelastic electron-tunneling (IET) excitation of a coupled QD-TIP mode, enhanced by the dielectric properties of the QD multilayer. The threshold voltage for STM-LE is found to depend on the optical gap of the quantum dots, stipulating a simple energy conservation rule for light emission through IET. The results highlight fundamental issues underlying nanoparticle-based optoelectronic devices. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Makinen, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM antti.makinen@nrl.navy.mil NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 14 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 23 BP 8188 EP 8194 DI 10.1021/jp0712396 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 175SL UT WOS:000247034200011 ER PT J AU Baker, CC Chromik, RR Wahl, KJ Hu, JJ Voevodin, AA AF Baker, C. C. Chromik, R. R. Wahl, K. J. Hu, J. J. Voevodin, A. A. TI Preparation of chameleon coatings for space and ambient environments SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE nanocomposite; coatings; tribology; aerospace ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; NANOCOMPOSITE TRIBOLOGICAL COATINGS; COMPOSITE COATINGS; SURFACE ADAPTATION; CARBON COMPOSITES; LUBRICANT FILMS; MOS2; WEAR; PERFORMANCE AB Tribological coatings of yttria-stabilized zirconia, (YSZ), Au, diamond like carbon (DLC) and MoS2 were synthesized using magnetron assisted pulsed laser deposition. The coatings were synthesized in four-component and three-component combinations that included YSZ/Au/DLC/MOS2, YSZ/Au/MoS2, and YSZ/Au/DLC. A range of coating compositions was studied to explore coating optimization for low friction in varying environments (dry, humid and high temperature). For four-component YSZ/Au/DLC/moS(2) coatings, the optimal compositions for friction adaptation between dry nitrogen and humid air included relatively high concentrations of the soft phase, Au (>20 at.%), and low amounts of the hard phases, DLC and YSZ. Ex situ Raman spectroscopy analysis indicates that triction adaptation involves a combination of both lubricating species, MoS2 and carbon, where transitions of DLC to graphitic-carbon and amorphous MoS2 to its hexagonal phase occur after cycling between both room temperature humid air and dry nitrogen. In large carbon concentrations (> 30 at.%), the DLC component was found to be detrimental for friction in dry nitrogen and humid air, but promoted a longer coating wear life at 500 degrees C. The three-component coating of YSZ/Au/MoS2 performed well in both dry nitrogen and humid air, suggesting a synergism between Au and MOS2, where carbon was not necessary for lubrication in humid air. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USN, Res Lab, Tribol Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Baker, CC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM colin.baker@nrl.navy.mil RI Chromik, Richard/D-8566-2011; Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; Baker, Colin/I-6657-2015; OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 36 TC 37 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUN 13 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 17 BP 6737 EP 6743 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.02.005 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 174NA UT WOS:000246947800015 ER PT J AU Amin, A Lee, HY Kelly, B AF Amin, Ahmed Lee, Ho-Yong Kelly, Brian TI High transition temperature lead magnesium niobate-lead zirconate titanate single crystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION AB Recently developed relaxor lead magnesium niobate-ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate single crystals exhibit large length extensional k(33) coupling, improved thermal stability, and a higher coercive field compared to morphotropic lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate single crystals. Experimental results and implications for sound projectors are presented and discussed in terms of the morphotropic phase boundary slope and width. Spontaneous polarizations derived from the calculated atom shifts in both crystals compared favorably with experimental values. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Amin, A (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Code 1512, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM aminah@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 11 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 24 AR 242912 DI 10.1063/1.2748857 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 179QR UT WOS:000247305400077 ER PT J AU Lindle, JR Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Thomas, ML Piquette, EC Edwall, DD Tennant, WE AF Lindle, J. R. Bewley, W. W. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. Thomas, M. L. Piquette, E. C. Edwall, D. D. Tennant, W. E. TI HgCdTe negative luminescence devices with high internal and external efficiencies in the midinfrared SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ARRAY AB The authors report the fabrication and characterization of mid-IR HgCdTe negative luminescence (NL) devices grown on silicon substrates. Sensitive optical modulation measurements of the 5 mm square array with similar to 5.4 mu m cutoff and single-layer antireflection (AR) coating yield an internal NL efficiency of 98% at room temperature. This is the highest ever reported, and represents a factor-of-50 suppression of the blackbody emission. The corresponding external NL efficiency of 86% is consistent with the internal efficiency and the spectrally weighted reflectivity of 15%, which could be improved substantially through the incorporation of a state-of-the-art multilayer AR coating. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Teledyne Imaging Sensors, Camarillo, CA 93012 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 11 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 24 AR 241119 DI 10.1063/1.2748363 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 179QR UT WOS:000247305400019 ER PT J AU Pruessner, MW Stievater, TH Ferraro, MS Rabinovich, WS AF Pruessner, Marcel W. Stievater, Todd H. Ferraro, Mike S. Rabinovich, William S. TI Thermo-optic tuning and switching in SOI waveguide Fabry-Perot microcavities SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-ON-INSULATOR; RESONATOR; MODULATOR AB Compact silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide thermo-optically tunable Fabry-Perot microcavities with silicon/air Bragg mirrors are demonstrated. Quality factors of Q=4,584 are measured with finesse F=82. Tuning is achieved by flowing current directly through the silicon cavity resulting in efficient thermo-optic tuning over 2 nm for less than 50 mW applied electrical power. The high-Q cavities enable fast switching (1.9 mu s rise time) at low drive power (<10 mW). By overdriving the device, rise times of 640 ns are obtained. Various device improvements are discussed. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pruessner, MW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marcel.pruessner@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 11 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 12 BP 7557 EP 7563 DI 10.1364/OE.15.007557 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 194QU UT WOS:000248359700055 PM 19547081 ER PT J AU Fohlmeister, J Kochanek, CS Falco, EE Wambsganss, J Morgan, N Morgan, CW Ofek, EO Maoz, D Keeton, CR Barentine, JC Dalton, G Dembicky, J Ketzeback, W McMillan, R Peters, CS AF Fohlmeister, J. Kochanek, C. S. Falco, E. E. Wambsganss, J. Morgan, N. Morgan, C. W. Ofek, E. O. Maoz, D. Keeton, C. R. Barentine, J. C. Dalton, G. Dembicky, J. Ketzeback, W. McMillan, R. Peters, C. S. TI A time delay for the cluster-lensed quasar SDSS J1004+4112 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; gravitational lensing; quasars : individual ( SDSS J1004+4112) ID LENSING CLUSTER; SDSS-J1004+4112; GALAXY; DISCOVERY; IMAGES; CURVE AB We present 426 epochs of optical monitoring data spanning 1000 days from 2003 December to 2006 June for the gravitationally lensed quasar SDSS J1004+ 4112. The time delay between the A and B images is Delta t(BA) = 38.4 +/- 2.0 days ( Delta x(2) 2 = 4) in the expected sense that B leads A and the overall time ordering is C- B- A- D- E. The measured delay invalidates all published models. The models probably failed because they neglected the perturbations from cluster member galaxies. Models including the galaxies can fit the data well, but conclusions about the cluster mass distribution should await the measurement of the longer, and less substructure sensitive, delays of the C and D images. For these images, a delay of Delta t(CB) similar or equal to 681 +/- 15 days is plausible but requires confirmation, while delays of Delta t(CB) > 560 days and Delta t(AD) > 800 days are required. We clearly detect microlensing of the A/B images, with the delay- corrected flux ratios changing from m(B) - m(A) = 0.44 +/- 0.01 mag in the first season to 0.29 +/- 0.01 mag in the second season and 0.32 +/- 0.01 mag in the third season. C1 Heidelberg Univ, Astron Rech Inst, Zent Astron, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. FLWO, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Wise Observ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 29 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 1 BP 62 EP 71 DI 10.1086/518018 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176HB UT WOS:000247074400005 ER PT J AU Bitner, MA Robinson, EL Behr, BB AF Bitner, Martin A. Robinson, Edward L. Behr, Bradford B. TI The masses and evolutionary state of the stars in the dwarf nova SS Cygni SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : individual (SS Cygni) ID TIME-RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY; X-RAY BINARIES; HOBBY-EBERLY TELESCOPE; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; SECONDARY STARS; RADIAL-VELOCITY; U GEMINORUM; ASTROMETRIC PARALLAXES; ABUNDANCE ANOMALIES; RAPID VARIABLES AB The dwarf nova SS Cygni is a close binary star consisting of aK star transferring mass to a white dwarf by way of an accretion disk. We have obtained new spectroscopic observations of SS Cyg. Fits of synthetic spectra for Roche lobeY filling stars to the absorption-line spectrumof the K star yield the amplitude of the K star's radial velocity curve and the mass ratio, KK = 162.5 +/- 1.0 kms-(1) 1 and q = MK / MWD = 0.685 +/- 0.015. The fits also show that the accretion disk and white dwarf contribute a fraction f = 0.535 +/- 0.075 of the total flux at 5500 8. Taking the weighted average of our results with previously published results obtained using similar techniques, we find K-K = 163.7 +/- 0.7 km s-(1) and (q) = 0.683 +/- 0.012. The orbital light curve of SS Cyg shows an ellipsoidal variation diluted by light from the disk and white dwarf. From an analysis of the ellipsoidal variations, we limit the orbital inclination to the range 45 degrees i <= 56 degrees. The derived masses of the K star and white dwarf are MK = 0.55 +/- 0.13 M-circle dot and MWD = 0.81 +/- 0.19 M-circle dot, where the uncertainties are dominated by systematic errors in the orbital inclination. The K star in SS Cyg is 10%-50% larger than an unevolved star with the same mass and thus does not follow the mass-radius relation for zero-age mainsequence stars, nor does it follow the ZAMS mass-spectral type relation. Its mass and spectral type are, however, consistent with models in which the core hydrogen has been significantly depleted. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mbitner@astro.as.utexas.edu NR 66 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 1 BP 564 EP 573 DI 10.1086/517496 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176HB UT WOS:000247074400045 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Koytcheff, RG Lau, CGY AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Koytcheff, Raymond G. Lau, Clifford G. Y. TI Global nanotechnology research literature overview SO CURRENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bibliometrics; document clustering; nanoparticle; nanotechnology; nanotube; text mining ID INFRASTRUCTURE AB Text mining was used to extract technical intelligence from the open source global nanotechnology and nanoscience research literature (SCI/SSCI databases). The following were identified: (i) the nanotechnology/nanoscience research literature infrastructure (prolific authors, key journals/ institutions/countries, most cited authors/joumals/documents); (ii) the technical structure (pervasive technical thrusts and their inter-relationships); (iii) nanotechnology instruments and their relationships; (iv) potential nanotechnology applications; (v) potential health impacts and applications, and (vi) seminal nanotechnology literature. The results are summarized in this article. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Inst Def Anal, Alexandria, VA 22311 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU CURRENT SCIENCE ASSOC PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, PO BOX 8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0011-3891 J9 CURR SCI INDIA JI Curr. Sci. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 92 IS 11 BP 1492 EP 1498 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 210WV UT WOS:000249487200019 ER PT J AU Zhao, ZQ Kovvali, N Lin, WB Ahn, CH Couchman, L Carin, L AF Zhao, Zhiqin Kovvali, Narayan Lin, Wenbin Ahn, Chang-Hoi Couchman, Luise Carin, Lawrence TI Volumetric fast multipole method for modeling Schrodinger's equation SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE volume integral method; Schrodinger's equation; multi-level fast multipole method ID ARBITRARY POTENTIAL PROFILES; ELECTRIC-FIELD; QUANTUM-WELL; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; ALGORITHM; OBJECTS AB A volume integral equation method is presented for solving Schrodinger's equation for three-dimensional quantum structures. The method is applicable to problems with arbitrary geometry and potential distribution, with unknowns required only in the part of the computational domain for which the potential is different from the background. Two different Green's functions are investigated based on different choices of the background medium. It is demonstrated that one of these choices is particularly advantageous in that it significantly reduces the storage and computational complexity. Solving the volume integral equation directly involves O(N-2) complexity. In this paper, the volume integral equation is solved efficiently via a multi-level fast multipole method (MLFMM) implementation, requiring O(NlogN) memory and computational cost. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method for rectangular and spherical quantum wells, and the quantum harmonic oscillator, and present preliminary results of interest for multi-atom quantum phenomena. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Sch Elect Engn, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. RP Carin, L (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM lcarin@ee.duke.edu NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 224 IS 2 BP 941 EP 955 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.11.003 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 179YB UT WOS:000247325400024 ER PT J AU Schultz, MP Flack, KA AF Schultz, M. P. Flack, K. A. TI The rough-wall turbulent boundary layer from the hydraulically smooth to the fully rough regime SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-REYNOLDS-NUMBER; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; CHANNEL FLOW; EXPERIMENTAL SUPPORT; PIPE-FLOW; HYPOTHESIS; STRESS; LENGTH AB Turbulence measurements for rough-wall boundary layers are presented and compared to those for a smooth wall. The rough-wall experiments were made on a three-dimensional rough surface geometrically similar to the honed pipe roughness used by Shockling, Allen & Smits (J. Fluid Mech. vol. 564, 2006, p. 267). The present work covers a wide Reynolds-number range (Re theta=2180-27 100), spanning the hydraulically smooth to the fully rough flow regimes for a single surface, while maintaining a roughness height that is a small fraction of the boundary-layer thickness. In this investigation, the root-mean-square roughness height was at least three orders of magnitude smaller than the boundary-layer thickness, and the Karman number (delta(+)), typifying the ratio of the largest to the smallest turbulent scales in the flow, was as high as 10 100. The mean velocity profiles for the rough and smooth walls show remarkable similarity in the outer layer using velocity-defect scaling. The Reynolds stresses and higher-order turbulence statistics also show excellent agreement in the outer layer. The results lend strong support to the concept of outer layer similarity for rough walls in which there is a large separation between the roughness length scale and the largest turbulence scales in the flow. C1 USN Acad, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schultz, MP (reprint author), USN Acad, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008 NR 57 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 3 U2 19 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 580 BP 381 EP 405 DI 10.1017/S0022112007005502 PG 25 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 176AU UT WOS:000247055900017 ER PT J AU Chakrabarti, S Mukhopadhyay, P Lin, S Isaacs, L AF Chakrabarti, Sriparna Mukhopadhyay, Pritam Lin, Shirley Isaacs, Lyle TI Reconfigurable four-component molecular switch based on pH-controlled guest swapping SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CUCURBITURIL; COMPLEXATION; RECOGNITION; SYSTEMS; HOST; PSEUDOROTAXANES; CYCLODEXTRIN; DERIVATIVES; SELECTIVITY; POLYMERS AB The four-component ensemble comprising CB[6], beta-CD, and guests 1 and 2 forms complexes CB[6]center dot 1H(+) and beta-CD center dot 2 at pH < 7 but swaps partners forming complexes CB[6]center dot 2 and beta-CD center dot 1 at pH > 13. The intermolecular nature of the switching process suggests application as a basis for stimuli-responsive reconfigurable systems. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chakrabarti, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM LIsaacs@umd.edu RI Isaacs, Lyle/B-4472-2009; OI Isaacs, Lyle/0000-0002-4079-332X; Mukhopadhyay, Pritam/0000-0001-8353-1920 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM61854] NR 38 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD JUN 7 PY 2007 VL 9 IS 12 BP 2349 EP 2352 DI 10.1021/ol070730c PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 172ZF UT WOS:000246842600026 PM 17500562 ER PT J AU Pant, RR Rasley, BT Buckley, JP Lloyd, CT Cozzens, RF Santangelo, PG Wynne, JH AF Pant, Ramesh R. Rasley, Brian T. Buckley, Joseph P. Lloyd, Christopher T. Cozzens, Robert F. Santangelo, Patrick G. Wynne, James H. TI Synthesis, mobility study and antimicrobial evaluation of novel self-spreading ionic silicone oligomers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE silicone; oligomers; biomaterials; amphiphiles; self-spreading ID COATINGS; CONTACT; SURFACES AB Polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) have been extensively utilized for their ability to spread and lubricate surfaces. This ability can be mostly attributed to their low surface energy and extremely flexible backbone. This study examines their unique ability through a comparative analysis of the rates of spread of numerous commercially available oils and lubricants, including a series of methyl-terminated PDMS. The analysis facilitated the design and synthesis of two homologous series of PDMS, in which the terminal ends were functionalized as quaternary ammonium salts. The two new series of compounds were examined for their ability to spread both as neat liquids and as formulated blends. Additionally, these hybrid ionic oligomers were screened for biological activity against Staphylococcus aureus. All of the new oligomers exhibited antimicrobial properties in preliminary testing. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Wynne, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jwynne@ccs.nrl.navy.mill NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JUN 5 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 5 BP 2954 EP 2964 DI 10.1002/app.25878 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 157ML UT WOS:000245724100025 ER PT J AU Thornton, EB MacMahan, J Sallenger, AH AF Thornton, E. B. MacMahan, J. Sallenger, A. H., Jr. TI Rip currents, mega-cusps, and eroding dunes SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rip currents; mega-cusps; dune erosion; waves; morphodynamics; hot spots ID LITTORAL CELL; NATURAL BEACH; MONTEREY BAY; EROSION; SAND; WAVE; MORPHOLOGY; OREGON; FIELD; LIDAR AB Dune erosion is shown to occur at the embayment of beach mega-cusps O(200 m alongshore) that are associated with rip currents. The beach is the narrowest at the embayment of the mega-cusps allowing the swash of large storm waves coincident with high tides to reach the toe of the dune, to undercut the dune and to cause dune erosion. Field measurements of dune, beach, and rip current morphology are acquired along an 18 km shoreline in southern Monterey Bay, California. This section of the bay consists of a sandy shoreline backed by extensive dunes, rising to heights exceeding 40 m. There is a large increase in wave height going from small wave heights in the shadow of a headland, to the center of the bay where convergence of waves owing to refraction over the Monterey Bay submarine canyon results in larger wave heights. The large alongshore gradient in wave height results in a concomitant alongshore gradient in morphodynamic scale. The strongly refracted waves and narrow bay aperture result in near normal wave incidence, resulting in well-developed, persistent rip currents along the entire shoreline. The alongshore variations of the cuspate shoreline are found significantly correlated with the alongshore variations in rip spacing at 95% confidence.. The alongshore variations of the volume of dune erosion are found significantly correlated with alongshore variations of the cuspate shoreline at 95% confidence. Therefore, it is concluded the mega-cusps are associated with rip currents and that the location of dune erosion is associated with the embayment of the mega-cusp. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Oceanog Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal Geol, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Thornton, EB (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Oceanog Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM thorton@nps.edu NR 33 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JUN 5 PY 2007 VL 240 IS 1-4 BP 151 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2007.02.018 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 178PS UT WOS:000247233200010 ER PT J AU Nazaretski, E Martin, I Movshovich, R Pelekhov, DV Hammel, PC Zalalutdinov, M Baldwin, JW Houston, B Mewes, T AF Nazaretski, E. Martin, I. Movshovich, R. Pelekhov, D. V. Hammel, P. C. Zalalutdinov, M. Baldwin, J. W. Houston, B. Mewes, T. TI Ferromagnetic resonance force microscopy on a thin permalloy film SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE AB Ferromagnetic resonance force microscopy (FMRFM) offers a means of performing local ferromagnetic resonance. The authors have studied the evolution of the FMRFM force spectra in a continuous 50 nm thick permalloy film as a function of probe-film distance and performed numerical simulations of the intensity of the FMRFM probe-film interaction force, accounting for the presence of the localized strongly nonuniform magnetic field of the FMRFM probe magnet. Excellent agreement between the experimental data and the simulation results provides insight into the mechanism of FMR mode excitation in a FMRFM experiment. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Nazaretski, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM evgnaz@lanl.gov RI Mewes, Tim/B-4796-2009; Hammel, P Chris/O-4845-2014 OI Mewes, Tim/0000-0001-6166-9427; Hammel, P Chris/0000-0002-4138-4798 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 4 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 23 AR 234105 DI 10.1063/1.2747171 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 177HZ UT WOS:000247145500099 ER PT J AU Picard, YN Twigg, ME Caldwell, JD Eddy, CR Neudeck, PG Trunek, AJ Powell, JA AF Picard, Y. N. Twigg, M. E. Caldwell, J. D. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Neudeck, P. G. Trunek, A. J. Powell, J. A. TI Electron channeling contrast imaging of atomic steps and threading dislocations in 4H-SiC SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NITRIDE; SURFACES; GROWTH; MESAS; MICROSCOPY; EPITAXY; CRACKS; LAYERS AB Direct imaging of atomic step morphologies and individual threading dislocations in on-axis epitaxial 4H-SiC surfaces is presented. Topographically sensitive electron images of the crystalline surfaces were obtained through forescattered electron detection inside a conventional scanning electron microscope. This technique, termed electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI), has been utilized to reveal the configuration of highly stepped, homoepitaxial 4H-SiC films grown on 4H-SiC mesa structures. Individual threading dislocations have been consistently imaged at the core of spiral atomic step morphologies located on the 4H-SiC surfaces. The ability of ECCI to image atomic steps was verified by atomic force microscopy. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. OAI, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Sest Inc, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Picard, YN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yoosuf.picard@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; Picard, Yoosuf/0000-0002-2853-5213 NR 17 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 4 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 23 AR 234101 DI 10.1063/1.2746075 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 177HZ UT WOS:000247145500095 ER PT J AU Silvestrov, PG Ponomarev, IV AF Silvestrov, P. G. Ponomarev, I. V. TI Chaos beyond linearized stability analysis: Folding of the phase space and distribution of Lyapunov exponents SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE Lyapunov exponent; chaos; phase space bending ID HAMILTONIAN-SYSTEMS; DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS; ATTRACTORS; DIMENSIONS; SPECTRUM; MAPS AB We consider a mechanism for area preserving Hamiltonian systems which leads to the enhanced probability, P(lambda, t), to find small values of the finite-time Lyapunov exponent, lambda. In our investigation of chaotic dynamical systems we go beyond the linearized stability analysis of nearby divergent trajectories and consider folding of the phase space in the course of chaotic evolution. We show that the spectrum of the Lyapunov exponents F(lambda) = lim(t ->infinity) t(-1). In P(lambda, t) at the origin has a finite value F(0) = (lambda) over tilde and a slope F'(0) <= 1. This means that all negative moments of the distribution (e(-m lambda t)) are saturated by rare events with lambda -> 0. Extensive numerical simulations confirm our findings. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY Queens Coll, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. Leiden Univ, Inst Lorentz, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Ponomarev, IV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ilya@bloch.nrl.navy.mil RI Ponomarev, Ilya/F-5183-2010 OI Ponomarev, Ilya/0000-0002-8584-6034 NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 EI 1873-2429 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JUN 4 PY 2007 VL 365 IS 4 BP 290 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2007.01.026 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 181DN UT WOS:000247417200006 ER PT J AU Aksnes, A Eastes, R Budzien, S Dymond, K AF Aksnes, A. Eastes, R. Budzien, S. Dymond, K. TI Dependence of neutral temperatures in the lower thermosphere on geomagnetic activity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LOW-LATITUDE THERMOSPHERE; TERRESTRIAL THERMOSPHERE; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; MODEL; STORM; NO; REPRESENTATION; IONOSPHERE AB The neutral temperature (T-n) in the lower thermosphere has been measured using high-resolution (0.13 nm) N-2 Lyman-Birge-Hopfield (LBH) band emissions, taken from the High-Resolution Ionospheric and Thermospheric Spectrograph (HITS) instrument aboard the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS). T-n in the lower thermosphere (below similar to 200 km) has been examined for 12 days in 2000 and 2001. During geomagnetically quiet conditions, the observed HITS temperatures (T-HITS) as a function of latitude and calculations using the NRLMSISE-00 model are in good agreement. During periods with geomagnetic disturbances, the model temperatures are unable to match the spatial and temporal variations exhibited by the measurements. An analysis of HITS temperatures and measurements of the auroral electrojet index AL indicates that T-HITS changes typically follow variations in AL obtained between 13 and 18.5 hours earlier. On average, the time delay is 16 hours and 25 min earlier (correlation coefficient of 0.55), yielding the following empirical formula between T-n and AL changes: Delta T-n[K]=2.1 x Delta AL[nT]. Also, the agreement between measured (HITS) and modeled (NRLMSISE-00) T-n values has been investigated for 8 days with similar geomagnetic conditions, yielding a correlation coefficient of 0.75 between the T-HITS-T-MSIS agreement and the previously measured AL. C1 Kennedy Space Ctr, Florida Space Inst, MS FSI, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aksnes, A (reprint author), Kennedy Space Ctr, Florida Space Inst, MS FSI, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM aaksnes@mail.ucf.edu OI Dymond, Kenneth/0000-0001-8060-9016 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 2 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A6 AR A06302 DI 10.1029/2006JA012214 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 174OP UT WOS:000246952000010 ER PT J AU Rath, BB Marder, J AF Rath, Bhakta B. Marder, James TI Powering the future: Methane hydrates - Clean energy from the sea SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB Methane hydrates contain enough methane to provide the natural gas needs of the United States for a hundred years. C1 ASM Int, Mat Park, OH 44073 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rath, BB (reprint author), ASM Int, Mat Park, OH 44073 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 165 IS 6 BP 41 EP 42 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 179QA UT WOS:000247303600006 ER PT J AU Sanders-Buell, E Saad, MD Abed, AM Bose, M Todd, CS Strathdee, SA Botros, BA Safi, N Earhart, KC Scott, PT Michael, N McCutchan, FE AF Sanders-Buell, E. Saad, M. D. Abed, A. M. Bose, M. Todd, C. S. Strathdee, S. A. Botros, B. A. Safi, N. Earhart, K. C. Scott, P. T. Michael, N. McCutchan, F. E. TI A nascent HIV type 1 epidemic among injecting drug users in Kabul, Afghanistan is dominated by complex AD recombinant strain, CRF35_AD SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID FORMER SOVIET-UNION; INTERSUBTYPE RECOMBINANTS; CIRCULATING RECOMBINANT; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CENTRAL MYANMAR; HIGH PREVALENCE; BC RECOMBINANT; INFECTION; CHINA; THAILAND AB Injecting drug use (IDU), common in global centers of heroin production, confers significant risk for HIV-1 infection. Once introduced into IDU networks, an explosive rise in HIV-1 infection typically occurs, fueled principally by needle sharing. New HIV-1 epidemics in IDUs have occurred in Russia, China, Thailand, Spain, Iran, and in other countries, and some have spread into other risk groups in their respective countries. In Afghanistan, the introduction of HIV-1 into IDU networks has begun, but a recent report of 3% HIV-1 prevalence suggests that the epidemic is still at an early stage. Here we establish, by complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of four viral strains from Afghan IDUs, that all are the same complex recombinant strain, combining HIV-1 subtypes A and D and herein termed CRF35_AD. Published partial HIV-1 sequences from an HIV-1 epidemic among IDUs in Iran, already at 23.2% HIV-1 prevalence, are either CRF35_AD or a related recombinant. Voluntary HIV-1 screening and harm reduction programs in Afghanistan, applied now, could limit the spread of HIV-1, both in IDUs and in other social networks. C1 Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, US Mil HIV Res Program, Div Retrovirol, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Islam Republ Afghanistan, Minist Publ Hlth, Natl HIV AIDS Control Program, Kabul, Afghanistan. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Int Hlth & Cross Cultural Med, La Jolla, CA 92073 USA. RP Sanders-Buell, E (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, US Mil HIV Res Program, Div Retrovirol, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 1600 E Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM esanders@hivresearch.org RI Strathdee, Steffanie/B-9042-2009; Saad, Magdi/H-5561-2013; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 OI Saad, Magdi/0000-0003-2111-8115; FU FIC NIH HHS [K01TW007408] NR 33 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 6 BP 834 EP 839 DI 10.1089/aid.2006.0299 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 184FH UT WOS:000247626000012 PM 17604548 ER PT J AU Magann, EF Doherty, DA Ennen, CS Chauhan, SP Shields, D Gjesdal, SM Morrison, JC AF Magann, Everett F. Doherty, Dorota A. Ennen, Christopher S. Chauhan, Suneet P. Shields, Donna Gjesdal, Shane M. Morrison, John C. TI The ultrasound estimation of amniotic fluid volume in diamniotic twin pregnancies and prediction of peripartum outcomes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 73rd Annual Meeting of the Central-Association-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY OCT 18-21, 2006 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Cent Assoc Obstetricians & Gynecol AB Using ultrasound, we prospectively estimated the amniotic fluid volume in each sac of a diamniotic twin pregnancy across gestation. The last single deepest pocket before delivery was correlated with intrapartum and neonatal outcomes. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA USA. Univ Western Australia, Biostat & Res Design Unit, Sch Womens & Infants Hlth, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. Aurora Hlth Care, W Allis, WI USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. RP Magann, EF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA USA. OI Gjesdal, Sturla/0000-0002-3971-767X NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 196 IS 6 BP 570 EP 571 AR 570.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.01.030 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 177EY UT WOS:000247137600029 PM 17547899 ER PT J AU Chauhan, SP Cole, J Laye, MR Choi, K Sanderson, M Moore, RC Magann, EF King, HL Morrison, JC AF Chauhan, Suneet P. Cole, Jill Laye, M. Ryan. Choi, Ken Sanderson, Maureen Moore, R. Clifton Magann, Everett F. King, Holly L. Morrison, John C. TI Shoulder dystocia with and without brachial plexus injury: Experience from three centers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE shoulder dystocia; brachial plexus injury ID MCROBERTS MANEUVER; BIRTH-WEIGHT; PALSY AB This article compares the maneuvers used to relieve shoulder dystocia (SD) at three centers and discerns risk factors for brachial plexus injury (BPI) following SD. Retrospectively SD managed at three tertiary centers was identified and charts reviewed. Unconditional logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for BPI. SD was encountered in 2% of vaginal deliveries (624/29,591), and BPI followed impacted shoulders in 6% (38/624). The rate of SD among the three institutes varied significantly (1.5%, 2%, 0.8% of vaginal births; p < 0.0001). The use of the McRoberts' maneuver to relieve SD differed significantly by center (98%, 80%, 90%; p < 0.0001) as did the use of suprapubic pressure (83%, 66%, 54%; p < 0.0001). The rate of BPI per case of SD (10%, 3%, 5%) was significantly different at the three centers (p - 0.009). A multivariate predictive model indicates that among those with and without concomitant fractures, there is a significantly increased risk of BPI if three or more maneuvers are used rather than two or fewer. In conclusion, not only does the rate of SD and BPI following it occur at significantly different rates, the management differs too. Compared with two maneuvers or fewer, there is an increased risk of BPI if three or more maneuvers are used to relieve SID. C1 Aurora Hlth Care, W Allis, WI 53227 USA. Spartanburg Reg Med Ctr, Spartanburg, SC USA. Univ Mississippi, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Naval Hosp, Portsmouth, VA USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Bronxville, NY USA. RP Chauhan, SP (reprint author), Aurora Hlth Care, 8901 W Lincoln Ave,PAC, W Allis, WI 53227 USA. RI Moore, R. Clinton/G-3972-2011 NR 19 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0735-1631 J9 AM J PERINAT JI Am. J. Perinatol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 24 IS 6 BP 365 EP 371 DI 10.1055/s-2007-984401 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 185SU UT WOS:000247731500006 PM 17566948 ER PT J AU King, DW Cooper, WJ Rusak, SA Peake, BM Kiddle, JJ O'Sullivan, DW Melamed, ML Morgan, CR Theberge, SM AF King, D. Whitney Cooper, William J. Rusak, Steven A. Peake, Barrie M. Kiddle, James J. O'Sullivan, Daniel W. Melamed, Megan L. Morgan, Chris R. Theberge, Stephen M. TI Flow injection analysis of H2O2 in natural waters using acridinium ester chemiluminescence: Method development and optimization using a kinetic model SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PHOTOCHEMICAL FORMATION; IRON; SEAWATER; HYDROPEROXIDE; SUPEROXIDE; HYDROLYSIS; REDUCTION; MECHANISM; RAINWATER AB Chemiluminescence (CL) of acridinium esters (AE) has found widespread use in analytical chemistry. Using the mechanism of the reaction of H2O2 with 10-methyl-9-(p-formylphenyl)acridinium carboxylate trifluoromethanesulfonate and a modified flow injection system, the reaction rates of each step in the mechanism were evaluated and used in a kinetic model to optimize the analysis of H2O2. Operational parameters for a flow injection analysis system (reagent pH, flow rate, sample volume, PMT settings) were optimized using the kinetic model. The system is most sensitive to reaction pH due to competition between AE hydrolysis and CL. The optimized system was used to determine H2O2 concentrations in natural waters, including rain, freshwater, and seawater. The lower limit of detection varied in natural waters, from 352 pM in open ocean seawater (mean, 779 pM +/- 15.0%, RSD) to 58.1 nM in rain (mean, 6,340 nM +/- 0.92%, RSD). The analysis is specific for H2O2 and is therefore of potential interest for atmospheric chemistry applications where organoperoxides have been reported in the presence of H2O2. C1 Colby Coll, Dept Chem, Waterville, ME 04901 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Urban Water Res Ctr, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Otago, Dept Chem, Dunedin, New Zealand. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Chem, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP King, DW (reprint author), Colby Coll, Dept Chem, 5755 Mayflower Hill, Waterville, ME 04901 USA. EM dwking@colby.edu; stever@chemistry.otago.ac.nz OI O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703 NR 32 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 5 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 11 BP 4169 EP 4176 DI 10.1021/ac062228w PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 172ZA UT WOS:000246842100024 PM 17455905 ER PT J AU Verdolin, MH Stedje-Larsen, ET Hickey, AH AF Verdolin, Michael H. Stedje-Larsen, Eric T. Hickey, Anita H. TI Ten consecutive cases of complex regional pain syndrome of less than 12 months duration in active duty United States military personnel treated with spinal cord stimulation SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Article ID REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY; PROGNOSTIC-FACTORS; INJURIES AB Complex regional pain syndrome describes a constellation of symptoms that may involve the sympathetic nervous system. Emerging consensus recommends early intervention with spinal cord stimulation to facilitate physical therapy. Isolated case reports suggest this may be an effective treatment. Ten consecutive active duty United States military personnel with newly diagnosed complex regional pain syndrome underwent early intervention with spinal cord stimulation with favorable results, including decreased pain scores and decreased opioid intake. Six received injuries directly as a result of service in Iraq or Afghanistan. These patients also had posttraumatic stress disorder, but it did not interfere with successful pain control. Additionally, 6 of 10 patients continued on active duty. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Verdolin, MH (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Clin Invest, KCA,34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM mhverdolin@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1557 EP 1560 DI 10.1213/01.ane.0000264087.93163.bf PG 4 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 172GB UT WOS:000246791000042 PM 17513657 ER PT J AU Lazio, J Tarter, J Werthimer, D Wilner, DJ AF Lazio, Joseph Tarter, J. Werthimer, D. Wilner, D. J. TI Bioastronomy with the square kilometer array SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Lazio@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 MA P-55 BP 520 EP 520 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 191YC UT WOS:000248166900137 ER PT J AU Zhang, XL Buta, RJ AF Zhang, Xiaolei Buta, Ronald J. TI The potential-density phase-shift method for determining the corotation radii in spiral and barred galaxies SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : spiral; galaxies : structure ID SELF-CONSISTENT MODELS; PATTERN SPEED; SECULAR EVOLUTION; DISK GALAXIES; HYDRODYNAMICAL SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICAL INTERPRETATION; STELLAR DYNAMICS; GALACTIC DISCS; STAR FORMATION; MODAL APPROACH AB We have developed a new method for determining the corotation radii of density waves in disk galaxies, which makes use of the calculated radial distribution of an azimuthal phase shift between the potential and density wave patterns. The approach originated from improved theoretical understanding of the relation between the morphology and kinematics of galaxies and of the dynamical interaction between density waves and the basic-state disk stars, which results in the secular evolution of disk galaxies. In this paper we present the rationales behind the method and the first application of it to several representative barred and grand-design spiral galaxies, using near-infrared images to trace the mass distributions, as well as to calculate the potential distributions used in the phase-shift calculations. We compare our results with those from other existing methods for locating the corotations and show that the new method both confirms the previously established trends of bar-length dependence on galaxy morphological types and provides new insights into the possible extent of bars in disk galaxies. The method also facilitates the estimation of mass accretion/excretion rates due to bar and spiral density waves, providing an alternative way of quantifying the importance of these features in disk galaxies. A preliminary analysis of a larger sample shows that the phase-shift method is likely to be a generally applicable, accurate, and essentially model-independent method for determining the pattern speeds and corotation radii of single or nested density wave patterns in galaxies. Other implications of the results of this work include that most of the nearby bright disk galaxies appear to possess quasi-stationary spiral modes; that these density wave modes, as well as the associated basic states of the galactic disks, slowly transform over the time span of a Hubble time due to a collective dissipation process directly related to the presence of the phase shift between the potential and density patterns; and that self-consistent N-particle systems contain physics not revealed by the passive orbit analysis approaches. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Zhang, XL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 100 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 133 IS 6 BP 2584 EP 2606 DI 10.1086/514337 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 175BO UT WOS:000246987400013 ER PT J AU Falanga, M Titarchuk, L AF Falanga, Maurizio Titarchuk, Lev TI Energy-dependent similar to 100 mu s time lags as observational evidence of comptonization effects in the neutron star plasma environment SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; pulsars : individual (IGR J00291+5934, SAX J1808.4-3658, XTE J1751-305); stars : neutron; X-rays : binaries ID MILLISECOND PULSAR SAX-J1808.4-3658; X-RAY BINARIES; SAX J1808.4-3658; CYGNUS X-1; PHASE LAGS; ACCRETION; RADIATION; EMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA AB We present a Comptonization model for the observed properties of the energy-dependent soft/hard time lags and pulsed fraction (amplitude) associated with the pulsed emission of a neutron star (NS). We account for the soft lags by downscattering of hard X-ray photons in the relatively cold plasma of the disk or NS surface. A fraction of the soft X-ray photons coming from the disk or NS surface upscatter off hot electrons in the accretion column. This effect leads to hard lags as a result of thermal Comptonization of the soft photons. This model reproduces the observed soft and hard lags due to the down- and upscattered radiation as a function of the electron number densities of the reflector, n(e)(ref), and the accretion column, n(e)(hot). In the case of the accretion-powered millisecond pulsars IGR J00291+5934, XTE J1751-305, and SAX J1808.4-3658, the observed time lags agree well with the model. Soft lags are observed only if n(e)(ref) << n(e)(hot). Scattering of the pulsed emission in the NS environment may account for the observed time lags as a nonmonotonic function of energy. The time lag measurements can be used as a probe of the innermost parts of the NS and accretion disk. We determine the upper and lower limits of the density variation in this region using the observed time lags. The observed energy-dependent pulsed amplitude allows us to infer a variation of the Thomson optical depth of the Compton cloud in which the accretion column is embedded. C1 CEA Saclay, CNRS, DSM, DAPNIA,Serv Astrophys,FRE 2591, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. UMR Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75005 Paris, France. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Explorat Universe Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Falanga, M (reprint author), CEA Saclay, CNRS, DSM, DAPNIA,Serv Astrophys,FRE 2591, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM mfalanga@cea.fr; ltitarchuk@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 661 IS 2 BP 1084 EP 1088 DI 10.1086/514805 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 174MT UT WOS:000246947100040 ER PT J AU Beer, J Freeman, D AF Beer, Jeremy Freeman, David TI Flight display dynamics and compensatory head movements in pilots SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE visual orientation; OKCR; attitude display ID AVIATION SPATIAL ORIENTATION; OPTOKINETIC CERVICAL REFLEX; AIRCRAFT ATTITUDE; POSITION AB Introduction: Experiments measured the optokinetic cervical reflex (OKCR), wherein the banking pilot aligns the head with the horizon. In a synthetic cockpit, the flight display was manipulated to test whether changing the visual reference frame would alter OKCR. Methods: Eight subjects (five rated pilots) flew a route in simulated visual meteorological conditions that required them to bank the aircraft frequently. Pilots' head tilt was characterized using both the conventional method of regressing against simultaneous aircraft bank, and also an event-based analysis, which identified head movements before, during, and after each turn. Three display configurations were compared to determine whether pilots' orientation would ever migrate from the horizon to the aircraft symbol. The first was a conventional "Inside-Out" condition. A "Frequency-Separated" condition combined Inside-Out horizon geometry with Outside-in dynamics for the aircraft symbol, which depicted joystick bank inputs. In the "Outside-In" condition, the aircraft symbol rolled against a static horizon. Results: Regressions identified an interaction (p < 0.001) between display condition and aircraft bank: head tilt followed horizon tilt in Inside-Out and Frequency-Separated conditions, while remaining mostly level in the Outside-In condition. The event-based analysis identified anticipatory head movements in Inside-Out and Frequency-Separated conditions: 95% Cl indicated that before each turn, head tilt favored the direction of the imminent bank. Discussion: While the conventional analysis confirmed that the horizon comprises a primary spatial reference, the finer-grained event-based analysis indicated that pilots' reference can migrate at least temporarily to the vehicle, and that OKCR can be preceded by anticipatory head movements in the opposite direction. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Laser Vehicle Engagement Simulator Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Lab,NHRC,DET,DEBT, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Beer, J (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Laser Vehicle Engagement Simulator Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Lab,NHRC,DET,DEBT, 8315 Navy Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM Jeremy.Beer@navy.brooks.af.mil NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 6 BP 579 EP 586 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 173GT UT WOS:000246862200007 PM 17571658 ER PT J AU Carroll, TL AF Carroll, T. L. TI A nonlinear dynamics method for signal identification SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES; NONSTATIONARITY AB When a radio frequency signal is radiated by a transmitter, the properties of the transmitter itself affect the properties of the signal. These transmitter-induced changes are known as unintentional modulation, to differentiate them from intentional modulation used to add information to the signal. The unintentional modulation can be used to identify which transmitter produced a signal. This paper shows how phase space analysis based on nonlinear dynamics ideas can be used to determine which of several amplifiers produced a signal. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carroll, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Thomas.L.Carroll@nrl.navy.mil OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 EI 1089-7682 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 AR 023109 DI 10.1063/1.2722870 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 184FD UT WOS:000247625600009 PM 17614663 ER PT J AU Oprea, I Triandaf, I Dangelmayr, G Schwartz, IB AF Oprea, Iuliana Triandaf, Ioana Dangelmayr, Gerhard Schwartz, Ira B. TI Quantitative and qualitative characterization of zigzag spatiotemporal chaos in a system of amplitude equations for nematic electroconvection SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID KARHUNEN-LOEVE DECOMPOSITION; SPIRAL-DEFECT CHAOS; BIFURCATION; CONVECTION; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; WAVES; MODEL AB It has been suggested by experimentalists that a weakly nonlinear analysis of the recently introduced equations of motion for the nematic electroconvection by M. Treiber and L. Kramer [Phys. Rev. E 58, 1973 (1998)] has the potential to reproduce the dynamics of the zigzag-type extended spatiotemporal chaos and localized solutions observed near onset in experiments [M. Dennin, D. S. Cannell, and G. Ahlers, Phys. Rev. E 57, 638 (1998); J. T. Gleeson (private communication)]. In this paper, we study a complex spatiotemporal pattern, identified as spatiotemporal chaos, that bifurcates at the onset from a spatially uniform solution of a system of globally coupled complex Ginzburg-Landau equations governing the weakly nonlinear evolution of four traveling wave envelopes. The Ginzburg-Landau system can be derived directly from the weak electrolyte model for electroconvection in nematic liquid crystals when the primary instability is a Hopf bifurcation to oblique traveling rolls. The chaotic nature of the pattern and the resemblance to the observed experimental spatiotemporal chaos in the electroconvection of nematic liquid crystals are confirmed through a combination of techniques including the Karhunen-Loeve decomposition, time-series analysis of the amplitudes of the dominant modes, statistical descriptions, and normal form theory, showing good agreement between theory and experiments. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Math, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Oprea, I (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Math, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 EI 1089-7682 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 AR 023101 DI 10.1063/1.2671184 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 184FD UT WOS:000247625600001 PM 17614655 ER PT J AU Tribble, DR AF Tribble, David R. TI Reply to Genton and D'Acremont SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; DOUBLE-BLIND; AZITHROMYCIN; CIPROFLOXACIN; LEVOFLOXACIN; RESISTANCE; GUIDELINES; THAILAND; TRIAL C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Tribble, DR (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM tribbled@nmrc.navy.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 11 BP 1521 EP 1522 DI 10.1086/519139 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163YH UT WOS:000246198800021 ER PT J AU Shaw, WS Means-Christensen, A Slater, MA Patterson, TL Webster, JS Atkinson, JH AF Shaw, William S. Means-Christensen, Adrienne Slater, Mark A. Patterson, Thomas L. Webster, John S. Atkinson, J. Hampton TI Shared and independent associations of psychosocial factors on work status among men with subacute low back pain SO CLINICAL JOURNAL OF PAIN LA English DT Article DE acute low back pain; work status; psychosocial factors; function; disability ID AVOIDANCE BELIEFS QUESTIONNAIRE; DESCRIPTOR DIFFERENTIAL SCALE; RISK-FACTORS; SICKNESS ABSENCE; PROGNOSTIC-FACTORS; DISABILITY; DEPRESSION; DISORDERS; FEAR; REHABILITATION AB Objectives: Psychosocial variables are acknowledged predictors of back disability, but multivariate studies are needed to understand their independent and overlapping effects. The objective of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate independent and shared associations of psychosocial variables on work status after first onset of low back pain (LBP) in working men. Methods: One hundred forty male military personnel reporting subacute, first onset LBP (2 mo average duration) completed an interview-based and survey-based psychosocial assessment within the domains of job satisfaction, stress and coping, pain perceptions and beliefs, perceived functional disability, and mood disturbance. Work status was assessed at baseline, 6 and 12-month postpain onset. Results: In logistic regression analyses at baseline, work status was associated with pain interference and perceptions of physical impairment. Beyond 2 months, the extent to which pain was believed to interfere with function was the only significant predictor of subsequent changes in work status. Job dissatisfaction was associated with more impaired work status, but not after controlling for income. Depressive and anxious mood symptoms were prevalent but failed to explain additional variance in work status. Discussion: After first onset of men with subacute LBP, self-reported pain intensity and functional limitation account for most of the variance in work status explained by psychosocial factors; however, the resulting disability can be accompanied by mild to moderate mood symptoms. This suggests that interventions to improve function, if commenced early in the course of subacute pain, might prevent work disability. C1 Libertal Mutual Res Inst Safety, Hopkinton, MA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, Res Serv, San Diego, CA USA. VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, Psychiat Serv, San Diego, CA USA. VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, Psychol Serv, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Scottsdale Healthcare, Scottsdale Clin Res Inst, Scottsdale, AZ USA. RP Shaw, WS (reprint author), Liberty Mutual Ctr Disabil Res, 71 Frankland Rd, Hopkinton, MA 01748 USA. EM william.shaw@libertymutual.com NR 57 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0749-8047 J9 CLIN J PAIN JI Clin. J. Pain PD JUN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 5 BP 409 EP 416 DI 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31804eff30 PG 8 WC Anesthesiology; Clinical Neurology SC Anesthesiology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 173OG UT WOS:000246881800004 PM 17515739 ER PT J AU Balsamo, LH Malinin, TI Temple, HT AF Balsamo, Luke H. Malinin, Theodore I. Temple, H. Thomas TI Distal tibial osteoarticular allografts SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Musculoskeletal-Tumor-Society CY JUN 08-10, 2006 CL Key West, FL SP Musculoskeletal Tumor Soc ID BONE-TUMORS; OSTEOSARCOMA; EXTREMITIES; MANAGEMENT; SURGERY; END AB Osteoarticular allografts can be used for limb reconstruction following tumor excision. Most commonly, the distal femur, proximal tibia and distal radius have been studied, while distal tibial allografts receive only sporadic mention in the literature. We evaluated the functional outcomes of distal tibial allografts used in tumor reconstruction. Following FDA guidelines and using a questionnaire, we surveyed operating surgeons on the outcomes of 29 distal tibial allografts used to reconstruct osseous defects secondary to benign and malignant tumors. Twelve patient questionnaires were returned revealing nine complications in eight patients. These included nonunions (three), fracture (two), arthrosis (two), and delayed union (two). There were no reported infections. Two patients died of their disease. The average rating using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score was 67.3%. The 10 living patients had an average rating of 72.4%. Distal tibial osteoarticular allografts offer acceptable functional results when used in tumor reconstruction. Difficulties achieving union (delayed or nonunion) between the host and the graft appears the most common complication of this technique. C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed, Miami, FL 33101 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Temple, HT (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, D-27,POB 016960, Miami, FL 33101 USA. EM htemple@med.miami.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD JUN PY 2007 IS 459 BP 92 EP 95 DI 10.1097/BLO.0b013e3180514c20 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 176KZ UT WOS:000247085300015 ER PT J AU Zhu, J Imam, A Crane, R Lozano, K Khabashesku, VN Barrera, EV AF Zhu, Jiang Imam, Ashraf Crane, Roger Lozano, Karen Khabashesku, Valery N. Barrera, Enrique V. TI Processing a glass fiber reinforced vinyl ester composite with nanotube enhancement of interlaminar shear strength SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polymer composites; carbon nanotubes; mechanical properties; interlaminar shear strength; supplementary reinforcement ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; POLYMER COMPOSITES; SIDEWALL FUNCTIONALIZATION; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; INTEGRATION AB Carbon nanotubes have been considered as a promising means of enhancing the properties of advanced composites in a range of polymer systems. Expected property enhancements include high strength and stiffness, improved toughness, impact and through-thickness properties. Z-axis properties like shear strength are of special interest for laminated composite structures subjected to transverse loads. This paper reports the processing of a glass fiber reinforced vinyl ester composite with nanotube integration and examines the reinforcement potential on interlaminar shear strength. Several sidewall functionalized nanotube derivatives were also prepared in order to obtain high dispersion and matrix bonding. Carbon nanotube enhanced vinyl ester/glass fiber composites were fabricated by a vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process. Overcoating the glass fiber weave with nanotubes and processing modification led to enhancement of the interface properties. A maximum of 45% increase in shear strength over control sample was observed on several types of nanotubes with a very small amount of nanotubes (0.015 wt%) coated in the midplane ply. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rice Univ, Rice Quantum Inst, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rice Univ, Richard E Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. NanoRidge Mat Inc, Houston, TX 77023 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NSWC Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Univ Texas Pam Amer, Dept Mech Engn, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. RP Khabashesku, VN (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM khval@rice.edu; ebarrera@rice.edu NR 36 TC 150 Z9 156 U1 3 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 67 IS 7-8 BP 1509 EP 1517 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.07.018 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 164SA UT WOS:000246253200023 ER PT J AU Tang, HS Sotiropoulos, F AF Tang, H. S. Sotiropoulos, Fotis TI Fractional step artificial compressibility schemes for the unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations SO COMPUTERS & FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID CIRCULAR-CYLINDER; PROJECTION METHODS; ASPECT-RATIO; FLOW; VORTEX; ACCURACY AB We propose a novel, time-accurate approach for solving the unsteady, three-dimensional, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on non-staggered grids. The approach modifies the standard, dual-time stepping artificial-compressibility (AC) iteration scheme by incorporating ideas from pressure-based, fractional-step (FS) formulations. The resulting hybrid fractional-step/artificial-compressibility (FSAC) method is second-order accurate and advances the Navier-Stokes equations in time via a two-step procedure. In the first step, which is identical to the convection-diffusion step in pressure-based FS methods, a preliminary velocity field is calculated, which is not divergence-free. In the second step, however, instead of deriving a pressure-Poisson equation as in FS methods, the projection of the velocity field into the solenoidal vector space is implemented using a dual-time stepping AC formulation. Unlike the standard dual-time stepping AC formulations, where the dual-time iterations are carried out with the entire non-linear system, in the FSAC scheme the convective and viscous terms are computed only once or twice per physical time step. Numerical experiments show that the proposed method provides second-order accurate solutions and requires considerably less CPU time than the widely used standard AC formulation. To demonstrate its ability to compute complicate problems, the method is also applied to a flow past cylinder with endplates. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sotiropoulos, F (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. EM tang@nrlssc.navy.mil; fotis@umn.edu RI Sotiropoulos, Fotis/C-2163-2012 NR 28 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7930 EI 1879-0747 J9 COMPUT FLUIDS JI Comput. Fluids PD JUN PY 2007 VL 36 IS 5 BP 974 EP 986 DI 10.1016/j.compfluid.2006.01.019 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Mechanics GA 155IQ UT WOS:000245571500012 ER PT J AU Warn-Varnas, A Gangopadhyay, A Hawkins, JA AF Warn-Varnas, Alex Gangopadhyay, Avijit Hawkins, J. A. TI Water masses in the Monterey Bay during the summer of 2000 SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE; MOORED OBSERVATIONS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; SALINITY; FLOW; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; SEAWATER; CANYON AB Water masses in Monterey Bay are determined from the CTD casts of the Monterey Ocean Observing System (MOOS) Upper-water-column Science Experiment (MUSE) August 2000 dataset. It is shown through cluster analysis that the MUSE 2000 CTD dataset contains 5 water masses. These five water masses are: bay surface water (BSW), bay warm water (BWW), bay intermediate water (BIW), sub arctic upper water (SUW) and North Pacific deep water (NPDW). The BWW is a new water mass that exists in one area and is attributed to the effects of solar heating. The volumes occupied by each of the water masses are obtained. The BIW water is the most dominant water mass and occupies 68.8% of the volume. The statistical means and standard deviations for each water parameter, including spiciness and oxygen concentration, are calculated during separate upwelling and relaxed periods. The water mass content and structure are analyzed and studied during upwelling and a reiaxed period. During upwelling, along a CTD track off Pt. Ano Nuevo, the water mass T, S distribution tended to be organized along three branches. Off Pt. Ano Nuevo the innovative coastal observation network (ICON) model showed the formation of a cyclonic eddy during the analyzed upwelling period. In time the eddy moved southwest and became absorbed into the southerly flow during the initial phases of the following wind-relaxed period. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. Planning Syst Inc, Slidell, LA 70458 USA. RP Warn-Varnas, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM varnas@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 10-11 BP 1379 EP 1398 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2007.01.004 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 187LR UT WOS:000247849700001 ER PT J AU Roland, CM AF Roland, C. M. TI The effect of thermodynamic variables on polymer chain dynamics SO CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE segmental relaxation; dielectric spectroscopy; time-temperature superpositioning; thermodynamic scaling ID TIME-TEMPERATURE SUPERPOSITION; COUPLING MODEL; THERMORHEOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; POLY(PROPYLENE GLYCOL); DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GLASS-TRANSITION; DEPENDENCE AB The dynamics of polymer chains are examined in terms of their relationship to the local segmental relaxation process. Although the differing responses to changes in temperature and pressure cause breakdown of time-temperature and time-pressure superpositioning near the glass transition, a recently discovered scaling law can be applied to both relaxation modes. This scaling yields master curves of the global chain relaxation times and the local segmental relaxation times, which can be used to determine the dynamics at high pressure from ambient pressure measurements. The scaling relation also provides a measure of the steepness on the intermolecular potential in the vicinity of the distance of closest approach between segments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mike.roland@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX Stimulating discussions with R. Casalini, K.L. Ngai, and D. Coslovich are gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-0286 EI 1879-0348 J9 CURR OPIN SOLID ST M JI Curr. Opin. Solid State Mat. Sci. PD JUN-AUG PY 2007 VL 11 IS 3-4 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.cossms.2008.04.002 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 344PY UT WOS:000258941000003 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Wang, HY Wang, Q AF Zhou, Hong Wang, Hongyun Wang, Qi TI Nonparallel solutions of extended nematic polymers under an external field SO DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS-SERIES B LA English DT Article DE liquid crystals; kinetic theory; polymers; dipolar nematics; magnetic dispersions; equilibrium solutions ID LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS; SMOLUCHOWSKI-EQUATION; CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION; MAGNETIC DISPERSIONS; SHEAR; EQUILIBRIA; SPHERE; STATES; FLOWS AB We continue the study on equilibria of the Smoluchowski equation for dilute solutions of rigid extended (dipolar) nematics and dispersions under an imposed electric or magnetic field [25]. We first provide an alternative proof for the theorem that all equilibria are dipolar with the polarity vector parallel to the external field direction if the strength of the permanent dipole (mu) is larger than or equal to the product of the external field (E) and the anisotropy parameter (alpha(0)) (i.e. mu >= \alpha(0)\E). Then, we show that when mu < \alpha(0)\E, there is a critical value alpha* >= 1 for the intermolecular dipole-dipole interaction strength (a) such that all equilibria are either isotropic or parallel to the external field if alpha <= alpha*; but nonparallel dipolar equilibria emerge when alpha > alpha*. The nonparallel equilibria are analyzed and the asymptotic behavior of alpha* is studied. Finally, the asymptotic results are validated by direct numerical simulations. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Math, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Nankai Univ, Sch Math, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. RP Zhou, H (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM hzhou@nps.edu; hongwang@ams.ucsc.edu; wang@math.fsu.edu NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 1531-3492 J9 DISCRETE CONT DYN-B JI Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst.-Ser. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 4 BP 907 EP 929 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 146XT UT WOS:000244968700013 ER PT J AU Ge, H Tong, M Jiang, J Dasch, GA Richards, AL AF Ge, Hong Tong, Min Jiang, Ju Dasch, Gregory A. Richards, Allen L. TI Genotypic comparison of five isolates of Rickettsia prowazekii by multilocus sequence typing SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Rickettsia prowazekii; multilocus sequence typing; genotypes ID TYPHUS GROUP RICKETTSIAE; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; EPIDEMIC TYPHUS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; INTRACYTOPLASMIC PROTEIN; FLYING SQUIRRELS; MADRID-E; GENE; STRAINS; FEVER AB Genetic traits of five Rickettsia prowazekii isolates, including the first from Africa and North America, and representatives from human and flying squirrels were compared using multilocus sequence typing. Four rickettsial genes encoding 17 kDa genus-common antigen (17 kDa gene), citrate synthase (gltA), OmpB immunodominant antigen (ompB) and 120 kDa cytoplasmic antigen (sca4) were examined. Sequence identities of 17 kDa gene and gltA were 100% among the isolates. Limited sequence diversity of ompB (0.02-0.11%) and sca4 (0.03-0.20%) was enough to distinguish the isolates, and evaluation of the combined four genes provided a method to easily differentiate R. prowazekii from other rickettsiae. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Infect Dis Directorate, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Richards, AL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Infect Dis Directorate, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM richardsa@nmrc.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Dasch, Gregory/0000-0001-6090-1810 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 271 IS 1 BP 112 EP 117 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00706.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 164NT UT WOS:000246241500018 PM 17419766 ER PT J AU Menon, G Dermer, CD AF Menon, Govind Dermer, Charles D. TI A class of exact solutions to the force-free, axisymetric, stationary magnetosphere of a Kerr black hole SO GENERAL RELATIVITY AND GRAVITATION LA English DT Article DE black hole electrodynamics; Blandford-Znajek process; energy extraction ID ELECTRODYNAMICS; FORMULATION AB We analyze the constraint equation giving allowed solutions describing fields and currents in a force-free magnetosphere around a rotating black hole. Utilizing the divergence properties of the energy and angular-momentum fluxes, for physically allowed solutions with nonzero energy and angular momentum extraction, we conclude that poloidal surfaces are independent of the radial coordinate for large values of r. Imposing this requirement and the Znajek regularity condition, we explicitly derive all possible exact solutions admitted by the constraint equation for r independent poloidal surfaces which are given in terms of the electromagnetic angular velocity function Omega = 1/a sin(2) theta, where a is the angular momentum per unit mass of the black hole. Further, we show that for the class of solutions we have developed there is no electromagnetic extraction of energy. C1 Troy Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Troy, AL 36082 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Menon, G (reprint author), Troy Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Troy, AL 36082 USA. EM gmenon@troy.edu NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0001-7701 J9 GEN RELAT GRAVIT JI Gen. Relativ. Gravit. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 39 IS 6 BP 785 EP 794 DI 10.1007/s10714-007-0418-2 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 169SP UT WOS:000246612300005 ER PT J AU Vroblesky, DA Casey, CC Lowery, MA AF Vroblesky, Don A. Casey, Clifton. C. Lowery, Mark A. TI Influence of dissolved oxygen convection on well sampling SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID GROUND-WATER; DIAMETER WELLS; FLOW; INSTABILITY AB Convective transport of dissolved oxygen (D.O.) from shallow to deeper parts of wells was observed as the shallow water in wells in South Carolina became cooler than the deeper water in the wells due to seasonal changes. Wells having a relatively small depth to water Were more susceptible to thermally induced convection than wells where the depth to water was greater because the shallower water levels were more influenced by air temperature. The potential for convective transport of D.O. to maintain oxygenated conditions in-a well screened in an anaerobic aquifer was diminished as ground water exchange through the well screen increased and As oxygen demand increased. Transport of D.O. to the screened interval can adversely affect the ability of passive samplers to produce accurate concentrations of oxygen-sensitive solutes such as iron, other redox indicators, and microbiological data. A comparison of passive sampling to low-flow sampling in a well undergoing convection, however, showed general agreement of volatile organic compound concentrations. During low-flow sampling, the pumped water may be a mixture of convecting water from within the well casing and aquifer water moving inward through the screen. This mixing of water during low-flow sampling can substantially increase equilibration times, can cause false stabilization of indicator parameters, can give false indications of the redox state, and can provide microbiological data that are not representative of the aquifer conditions. Data from this investigation show that simple in-well devices can effectively mitigate convective transport of oxygen. The devices can range from inflatable packers to simple, inexpensive baffle systems. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. USN, Facil Engn Command EFD, N Charleston, SC 29406 USA. US Geol Survey, Stephenson Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Vroblesky, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd,Stephenson CTr,Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM vroblesk@usgs.gov; cliff.casey@navy.mil; malowery@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 49 EP 58 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2007.00156.x PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 205ES UT WOS:000249097400003 ER PT J AU Staniec, JFO Webb, NJ AF Staniec, J. Farley Ordovensky Webb, Natalie J. TI Utilization of infertility services: How much does money matter? SO HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE health economics; health care financing; insurance; premiums; access; demand; utilization of services ID COST-EFFECTIVE TREATMENT; IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION; INSURANCE-COVERAGE; HEALTH-INSURANCE; UNITED-STATES; SUCCESS; COUPLE AB Objective. To estimate the effects of financial access and other individual characteristics on the likelihood that a woman pursues infertility treatment and the choice of treatment type. Data Source/Study Setting. The 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. Study Design. We use a binomial logit model to estimate the effects of financial access and individual characteristics on the likelihood that a woman pursues infertility treatment. We then use a multinomial logit model to estimate the differential effects of these variables across treatment types. Data Collection/Extraction Method. This study analyzes the subset of 1,210 women who meet the definition of infertile or subfecund from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. Principal Findings. We find that income, insurance coverage, age, and parity (number of previous births) all significantly affect the probability of seeking infertility treatment; however, the effect of these variables on choice of treatment type varies significantly. Neither income nor insurance influences the probability of seeking advice, a relatively low cost, low yield treatment. At the other end of the spectrum, the choice to pursue assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs)-a much more expensive but potentially more productive option-is highly influenced by income, but merely having private insurance has no significant effect. In the middle of the spectrum are treatment options such as testing, surgery, and medications, for which "financial access" increases their probability of selection. Conclusions. Our results illustrate that for the sample of infertile of subfecund women of childbearing age studied, and considering their options, financial access to infertility treatment does matter. C1 Univ Pacific, Dept Econ, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA USA. RP Staniec, JFO (reprint author), Univ Pacific, Dept Econ, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. NR 17 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-9124 J9 HEALTH SERV RES JI Health Serv. Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 971 EP 989 DI 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2006.00640.x PN 1 PG 19 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 163ZG UT WOS:000246201400005 ER PT J AU Gerlach, K Shackelford, AK Blunt, SD AF Gerlach, Karl Shackelford, Aaron K. Blunt, Shannon D. TI Combined Multistatic Adaptive Pulse Compression and Adaptive Beamforming for Shared-Spectrum Radar SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Adaptive processing; adaptive matched filter; CLEAN; multistatic radar; MIMO; pulse compression; radar; shared-spectrum radar; sidelobe cancellation; waveform diversity ID CDMA; DETECTORS; RECEIVER AB The recently proposed Multistatic Adaptive Pulse Compression (MAPC) algorithm has been shown to successfully suppress both range sidelobes and interference from multiple radars operating in the same spectrum, thus enabling shared-spectrum multistatic radar. In this paper, we present a method to increase the overall information capacity of the MAPC algorithm by performing joint adaptive pulse compression in conjunction with adaptive beamforming. The addition of an adaptive beamforming stage to the MAPC algorithm enables further mutual interference suppression and thus better estimation performance such that the number of multistatic radars simultaneously operating in the same spectrum may be increased for the same mean-square estimation error. Analysis of the performance of the adaptive beamforming MAPC algorithm in a variety of scenarios is presented. In addition, Monte Carlo analyses on the number of shared-spectrum radars are also presented. C1 [Gerlach, Karl; Shackelford, Aaron K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Blunt, Shannon D.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66226 USA. RP Gerlach, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM karl.gerlach@nrl.navy.mil; aaron.shackelford@nrl.navy.mil; sdblunt@eecs.ku.edu FU United States Office of Naval Research [ONR 31] FX This work was supported by the United States Office of Naval Research (ONR 31). The associate editor coordinating the review of this rnanuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Fulvio Gini. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1932-4553 J9 IEEE J-STSP JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 137 EP 146 DI 10.1109/JSTSP.2007.897041 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 437NR UT WOS:000265494700014 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, BK Kephartl, JT Golda, EM AF Fitzpatrick, Brian K. Kephartl, Jacob T. Golda, E. Michael TI Characterization of gaseous helium flow cryogen in a flexible cryostat for naval applications of high temperature superconductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE cryogenic cryocooler; helium cryogen cooling; Navy degaussing system; superconducting coils AB A fifty meter proof of, concept demonstrator was developed utilizing gaseous helium as a cryogen for the use in a High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) based degaussing system for use on Navy ships. Increased signature requirements as Navy future missions move into littoral waters have resulted in a new copper degaussing system. This system has an increased weight and installation cost because of the additional copper cable required. High temperature superconductors have been suggested as a replacement to the copper based cable to reduce system weight while maintaining the desired ship's magnetic signature. A feasibility study was conducted in 2004 that showed that a superconductive system provided the same performance at a lower cost and at a lower system weight. Many terrestrial superconducting cable projects use liquid nitrogen as the cryogen to keep the cable cold. However, an inert, gaseous cryogen would be preferred for naval applications, but such a cooling system has never been demonstrated in a power cable. This paper describes the experimental setup and preliminary results of testing a helium cooled loop for use in a HTS based degaussing system. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Fitzpatrick, BK (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. EM brian.fitzpatrick@navy.mil; jacob.kephart@navy.mil; eugene.m.golda1@navy.mil NR 3 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1752 EP 1755 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.897763 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600175 ER PT J AU Oates, DE Agassi, YD Moeckly, BH AF Oates, D. E. Agassi, Y. D. Moeckly, B. H. TI Intermodulation distortion and nonlinearity in MgB2: Experiment and theory SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH CHANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE MgB2 films; Intermodulation distortion; microwave surface impedance; nonlinear surface impedance ID THIN-FILMS; REACTIVE EVAPORATION AB The nonlinear surface impedance and intermodulation distortion (IMD) products of MgB2 thin films have been measured as a function of temperature. The measurements use a stripline-resonator technique, following an approach that was developed and extensively applied to similar measurements of YBCO. The films were grown using the deposition technique of reactive evaporation onto LaAlO3 and sapphire substrates. The low-power R-s(T) is comparable to that of sputtered Nb films on sapphire, and lower than that of YBCO at the corresponding reduced temperatures. The rf-magnetic-field dependence at T < 20 K follows a moderate slope for H-rf < 500 Oe. At higher rf magnetic fields the increase is larger. The IMD values are larger than those of the best quality YBCO by more than 10 dB. The theoretical analysis assumes uncoupled pi and sigma channels (no interband scattering) and intrinsic nonlinearity to the lowest nonlinear order in the radiation field. Under these assumptions, the calculated IMD indicates dominance of the pi-channel contribution in the clean limit, with a temperature dependence that is consistent with the measured curve. This result indicates that the observed IMD may be consistent with an intrinsic origin for the nonlinearity. C1 MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. Superconductor Technol Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. RP Oates, DE (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. EM oates@ll.mit.edu NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 2871 EP 2874 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899004 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900084 ER PT J AU Wolla, JM Holtz, RL Voccio, JP AF Wolla, Jeffrey M. Holtz, Ronald L. Voccio, John P. TI Axial compression fatigue testing of epoxy impregnated BSCCO coils SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE high-temperature superconductors; superconducting coils; superconducting materials mechanical factors; superconducting rotating machines AB In rotating superconducting machinery, the rotor coils experience compressive stresses due to clamping and centripetal forces, as well as high compressive thermomechanical stresses during cool down. For a customary racetrack coil configuration, these stresses correspond to transverse compression across the width of the embedded tape. We have characterized epoxy-impregnated flat pancake coils of 3-ply reinforced BSCCO tapes, under axial compression. Mechanical proportional limit and ultimate strength were determined at 77 K. Critical current as a function of both peak stress and fatigue cycle count was measured. These coils were found to exhibit excellent critical current retention and mechanical stability to at least 100 MPa peak stress, for at least 100,000 fatigue cycles. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Amer Superconductor Inc, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP Wolla, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Code 6350, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Ronald.Holtz@nrl.navy.mil; jvoccio@amsuper.com NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3050 EP 3053 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898914 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900129 ER PT J AU Goswami, R Holtz, RL Spanos, G AF Goswami, Ramasis Holtz, Ronald L. Spanos, George TI Microstructure and interface phase formation in YBa2Cu3O7-delta prepared by an MOD process SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE electron microscopy; high-temperature superconductors; superconducting epitaxial layers; superconducting materials growth ID BA2YCU3O7-X THIN-FILMS; METALORGANIC DEPOSITION; GROWTH; SRTIO3; NUCLEATION; CEO2 AB Understanding the evolution of microstructure in YBCO (YBa(2)Cu(3)O7-delta) is critical to optimizing the process for production of high quality superconducting wire for commercial applications. Therefore, microstructure and interfaces have been investigated in fully reacted YBa2Cu3O7-delta, prepared by the metalorganic deposition (MOD) process, and deposited on CeO2/YSZ/Y2O3/NiW. YBCO nucleates on CeO2 with a specific orientation relationship where [011] CeO2 parallel to [100]YBCO and(200) CeO2 parallel to(002)YBCO, and with the [001] YBCO axis parallel to the film growth direction. A 25-50 nm thick reaction layer of BaCeO3 was observed at the YBCO : CeO2 interface. Formation of this layer releases a considerable amount of Cu and Y into the YBCO matrix. Details of the interfacial phase formation in the MOD-processed YBCO films are presented in this paper. C1 SAIC Inc, Washington, DC USA. USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goswami, R (reprint author), SAIC Inc, Washington, DC USA. EM goswami@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; holtz@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; spanos@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3294 EP 3297 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898916 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900191 ER PT J AU Sasao, T Nagayama, S Butler, JT AF Sasao, Tsutomu Nagayama, Shinobu Butler, Jon T. TI Numerical function generators using LUT cascades SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE LUT cascades; numerical function generators (NFGs); nonuniform segmentation; automatic synthesis; FPGA implementation ID ELEMENTARY-FUNCTIONS; HETEROGENEOUS MDDS; ACCURATE AB This paper proposes an architecture and a synthesis method for high-speed computation of fixed-point numerical functions such as trigonometric, logarithmic, sigmoidal, square root, and combinations of these functions. Our architecture is based on the lookup table (LUT) cascade, which results in a significant reduction in circuit complexity compared to traditional approaches. This is suitable for automatic synthesis and we show a synthesis method that converts a Matlab-like specification into an LUT cascade design. Experimental results show the efficiency of our approach as implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). C1 Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. Hiroshima City Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 7313194, Japan. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sasao, T (reprint author), Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. EM sasao@cse.kyutech.ac.jp; s_naga@cs.hiroshima-cu.ac.jp; Jon_Butler@msn.cmn RI Sasao, Tsutomu/E-9702-2012 NR 36 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9340 EI 1557-9956 J9 IEEE T COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Comput. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 56 IS 6 BP 826 EP 838 DI 10.1109/TC.2007.1033 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 167UI UT WOS:000246477600009 ER PT J AU Chernyavskiy, IA Vlasov, AN Antonsen, TM Cooke, SJ Levush, B Nguyen, KT AF Chernyavskiy, Igor A. Vlasov, Alexander N. Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr. Cooke, Simon J. Levush, Baruch Nguyen, Khanh T. TI Simulation of klystrons with slow and reflected electrons using large-signal code TESLA SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE klystrons; large-signal code TESLA; slow and reflected particles ID MULTIPLE-BEAM KLYSTRON; S-BAND AB The problem of modeling slow and reflected electrons that appear during operation of high-power klystrons is discussed. These electrons are not only problematic for the operation of real klystrons but also present a numerical challenge for simulation codes that solve the equations of motion with axial distance rather than time as the independent parameter. To meet this challenge, particles with axial velocity below some threshold are treated using an alternative algorithm. This approach has been implemented in the simulation code TESLA. The method is verified by comparison with PIC simulation. The effect of these particles on the efficiency of a hypothetical device is also presented. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Chernyavskiy, IA (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM igor.a.chernyavskiy@saic.com; alexander.n.vlasov@saic.com; antonsen@glue.umd.edu; simon.cooke@nrl.navy.mil; levush@estd.nrl.navy.mil; knguyen.bwresearch@comcast.net RI Cooke, Simon/A-9530-2010; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUN PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1555 EP 1561 DI 10.1109/TED.2007.896697 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 174GC UT WOS:000246929200039 ER PT J AU Pun, IF Lin, II Wu, CR Ko, DH Liu, WT AF Pun, Iam-Fei Lin, I-I Wu, Chau-Ron Ko, Dong-Han Liu, W. Timothy TI Validation and application of altimetry-derived upper ocean thermal structure in the western North Pacific Ocean for typhoon-intensity forecast SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE altimetry; typhoon; upper ocean thermal structure ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL CYCLONES; HURRICANE INTENSITY; TRANSPORT; EDDY; HEAT; OPAL; ARGO AB This paper uses more than 5000 colocated and near-coincident in-situ profiles from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Global Temperature and Salinity Profile Program database spanning over the period from 2002 to 2005 to systematically validate the satellite-altimetry-derived upper ocean thermal structure in the western North Pacific ocean as such ocean thermal structure information is critical in typhoon-intensity change. It is found that this satellite-derived information is applicable in the central and the southwestern North Pacific (covering 122-170 degrees E, 9-25 degrees N) but not in the northern part (130-170 degrees E, 25-40 degrees N). However, since > 80% of the typhoons are found to intensify in the central and southern part, this regional dependence should not pose a serious constraint in studying typhoon intensification. Further comparison with the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory's North Pacific Ocean Nowcast/Forecast System (NPACNFS) hydrodynamic ocean model shows similar regional applicability, but NPACNFS is found to have a general underestimation in the upper ocean thermal structure and causes a large underestimation of the tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP) by up to 60 kJ/cm(2). After validation, the derived upper ocean thermal profiles are used to study the intensity change of supertyphoon Dianmu (2004). It is found that two upper ocean parameters, i.e., a typhoon's self-induced cooling and the during-typhoon TCHP, are the most sensitive parameters (with R-2 similar to 0. 7) to the 6-h intensity change of Dianmu during the study period covering Dianmu's rapid intensification to category 5 and its subsequent decay to category 4. This paper suggests the usefulness of satellite-based upper ocean thermal information in future research and operation that is related to typhoon-intensity change in the western North Pacific. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. USN, Res Lab, Coastal & Semi Enclosed Sea Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Pun, IF (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM faye@webmail.as.ntu.edu.tw; iilin@webmail.as.ntu.edu.tw; ewu@cc.ntnu.edu.tw; ko@nrlssc.navy.mil; W.Timothy.Liu@jpl.nasa.gov RI Lin, I-I/J-4695-2013 OI Lin, I-I/0000-0002-8364-8106 NR 38 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1616 EP 1630 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.895950 PN 1 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 174FB UT WOS:000246926100010 ER PT J AU Gao, BC Montes, MJ Li, RR Dierssen, HM Davis, CO AF Gao, Bo-Cai Montes, Marcos J. Li, Rong-Rong Dierssen, Heidi Melita Davis, Curtiss O. TI An atmospheric correction algorithm for remote sensing of bright coastal waters using MODIS land and ocean channels in the solar spectral region SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE coastal water; moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS); ocean color; remote sensing ID COLOR; AIRBORNE; AEROSOL; ENVIRONMENTS; BATHYMETRY; REMOVAL; BAHAMAS; IMAGERY; SPACE; CLOUD AB The present operational atmospheric correction algorithm for multichannel remote sensing of ocean color using imaging data acquired with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) works well over clear ocean but can give incorrect results over brighter coastal waters. This is because: 1) the turbid waters are not dark for the two atmospheric correction channels centered near 0.75 and 0.86 mu m; and 2) the ocean color channels (0.488, 0.531, and 0.551 mu m) often saturate over bright coastal waters. Here, we describe an atmospheric correction algorithm for multichannel remote sensing of coastal waters. This algorithm is a modification of our previously developed atmospheric correction algorithm for hyperspectral data that uses lookup tables generated with a vector radiative transfer code and multilayered atmospheric models. Aerosol models and optical depths are determined by a spectrum-matching technique utilizing channels located at wavelengths longer than 0.86 mu m, where the ocean surface is dark. The aerosol information in the visible spectral region is estimated based on the derived aerosol models and optical depths. Water-leaving radiances in the visible spectral region are obtained by subtracting out the atmospheric path radiances from the satellite-measured total radiances. Applications of the algorithm to two MODIS data sets are presented and compared to field measurements. The water-leaving reffectances retrieved with this algorithm over brighter shallow coastal waters compare closely with those from field measurements. In addition, the retrieved water-leaving reflectances over deeper ocean waters compare well with those derived with the MODIS operational algorithm. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gao@nrl.navy.mil RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1835 EP 1843 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.895949 PN 2 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 174FC UT WOS:000246926200008 ER PT J AU Eggeman, AS Majetich, SA Farrell, D Pankhurst, QA AF Eggeman, Alexander S. Majetich, Sara A. Farrell, Dorothy Pankhurst, Quentin A. TI Size and concentration effects on high frequency hysteresis of iron oxide nanoparticles SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc DE frequency response; hysteresis; magnetic particles ID MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; HYPERTHERMIA AB High-frequency hysteresis measurements were performed on two different types of hydrosols of iron oxide particles: fully dispersed and highly clustered. The fully dispersed sol showed superparamagnetic behavior across the frequency range investigated, while the clustered sample exhibited significant hysteresis. The hysteretic losses were then directly related to magnetic hyperthermia measurements in a sinusoidal field of amplitude 10 mT at 140 kHz, where the clustered sample heated by up to 25 degrees C in 1000 s while the dispersed sample at similar concentration showed no measurable heating. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Eggeman, AS (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM aeggeman@andrew.cmu.edu RI Majetich, Sara/B-1022-2015 OI Majetich, Sara/0000-0003-0848-9317 NR 9 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2451 EP 2453 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.894127 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 171AB UT WOS:000246706200122 ER PT J AU Hinshelwood, DD Allen, RJ Commisso, RJ Cooperstein, G Huhman, BM Mosher, D Murphy, DP Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW Swanekamp, SB Stephanakis, SJ Weber, BV Young, FC Crotch, I O'Malley, J Threadgold, JR AF Hinshelwood, David D. Allen, Raymond J. Commisso, Robert J. Cooperstein, Gerald Huhman, Brett M. Mosher, David Murphy, D. P. Ottinger, Paul F. Schumer, Joseph W. Swanekamp, Stephen B. Stephanakis, Stavros J. Weber, Bruce V. Young, Frank C. Crotch, Ian O'Malley, J. Threadgold, Jim R. TI High-power self-pinch diode experiments for radiographic applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron beams; particle beams; pinched-beam diodes; pulsed power; radiography ID TRANSPORT; SYSTEMS AB We report here on self-magnetic- pinch diode experiments at voltages from 3.5 to 6 MV. In addition to electrical diagnostics, the diode is characterized as a radiation source by dose and spot-size measurement. As the operating voltage increases, we find that a given diode geometry tends to produce a smaller spot but suffers from the reduced impedance lifetime. Optimization involves increasing the cathode diameter and diode gap as the voltage increases. We find a good quantitative agreement with the Monte Carlo code integrated tiger series over the entire data set, assuming an effective electron incidence angle of 20 degrees. Over this range, we observe favorable dose and spot scaling of optimized diode performance with voltage. Our best results are roughly 200-rad CaF2 at 1 m with an -2-mm-diameter spot. These were obtained at diode parameters of roughly 6 MV, 150 kA, and 30-ns radiation full-width at half-maximum. C1 USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Titan Grp, L3 Commun, Reston, VA 20191 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Atom Weapon Establishment, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. RP Hinshelwood, DD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013 NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 3 BP 565 EP 572 DI 10.1109/TPS.2007.895227 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 180HE UT WOS:000247352900007 ER PT J AU Coverdale, CA Deeney, C Jones, B Thornhill, JW Whitney, KG Velikovich, AL Clark, RW Chong, YK Apruzese, JP Davis, J LePell, PD AF Coverdale, Christine A. Deeney, Christopher Jones, Brent Thornhill, J. Ward Whitney, Kenneth G. Velikovich, Alexander L. Clark, Robert W. Chong, Y. K. Apruzese, J. P. Davis, Jack LePell, P. David TI Scaling of K-shell emission from Z-pinches: Z to ZR SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE K-shell radiation; plasma pinch; X-ray measurements; X-ray production ID ARRAY Z-PINCHES; Z-ACCELERATOR; WIRE-NUMBER; IMPLOSION DYNAMICS; RADIATION; ALUMINUM; PLASMAS; PHYSICS; ARGON; MASS AB Experiments in the last few years at the 20-MA Z Accelerator have produced significant K-shell X-ray output from a variety of initial load materials, including aluminum (1.7-keV photons, > 400-kj yield), argon (3.1-keV photons, > 300-kj yield) ' titanium (4.8-keV photons, 100-kj yield), stainless steel (6.7-kev photons, > 50-kj yield), and copper (8.4-keV photons, 20-kj yield). K-shell scaling theories developed at the Naval Research Laboratory [K. G. Whitney et aL, Phys. Rev. E 50, 2166 (1994)] in the 1990s were benchmarked against the Al K-shell emission data from < 10-MA facilities. The experiments at Z have not only led to a heuristic validation of this original theory but have also provided the data to fine tune the models for application to higher photon energies and for extension to higher current generators. The upgrade of the Z Accelerator to ZR, which will provide 26 MA to a Z-pinch load, should increase the radiated K-shell output for sources previously fielded at Z and will extend the range of photon energies where measurable radiation can be observed, which is likely up to 13 keV. A summary of the K-shell experiments at Z is presented, as well as an overview of the modified empirical-scaling theory. Proposed load configurations for ZR are discussed, as well as predictions for K-shell output. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Natl Nucl Soc Adm, Dept Energy Headquarters, Washington, DC 20585 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Berkeley Scholars Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Coverdale, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM cacover@sandia.gov RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 55 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 3 BP 582 EP 591 DI 10.1109/TPS.2007.896768 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 180HE UT WOS:000247352900010 ER PT J AU Julier, SJ LaViola, JJ AF Julier, Simon J. LaViola, Joseph J., Jr. TI On Kalman filtering with nonlinear equality constraints SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Kalman filtering; quaternions; measurement matrix; nonlinear constraints ID TARGET TRACKING; IDENTIFICATION AB The state space description of some physical systems possess nonlinear equality constraints between some state variables. In this paper, we consider the problem of applying a Kalman filter-type estimator in the presence of such constraints. We categorize previous approaches into pseudo-observation and projection methods and identify two types of constraints-those that act on the entire distribution and those that act on the mean of the distribution. We argue that the pseudo-observation approach enforces neither type of constraint and that the projection method enforces the first type of constraint only. We propose'a new method that utilizes the projection method twice-once to constrain the entire distribution and once to constrain the statistics of the distribution. We illustrate these algorithms in a tracking system that uses unit quaternions to encode orientation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mixed & Virtual Environm Lab 3D, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Julier, SJ (reprint author), UCL, Dept Comp Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM s.julier@cs.ucl.ac.uk; jjl@cs.ucf.edu NR 28 TC 122 Z9 132 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-587X EI 1941-0476 J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 6 BP 2774 EP 2784 DI 10.1109/TSP.2007.893949 PN 2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 170ZU UT WOS:000246705500002 ER PT J AU Amin, A McLaughlin, E Robinson, H Ewart, L AF Amin, Ahmed McLaughlin, Elizabeth Robinson, Harold Ewart, Lynn TI Mechanical and thermal transitions in morphotropic PZN-PT and PMN-PT single crystals and their implication for sound projectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; ORTHORHOMBIC PHASE; ELECTRIC-FIELD AB Isothermal compression experiments on multidomain [001] oriented and poled ferroelectric rhombohedral PZN-0.07PT and PMN-0.30PT single crystals revealed elastic instabilities corresponding to zero field ferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition under mechanical compression. The application of an appropriate dc bias field doubled the stability range of the ferroelectric rhombohedral state under uniaxial compression for both crystals and maintained a linear elastic response. Young's modulus as derived from the quasistatic, zero field stress-strain linear response agreed well with that derived from small signal resonance for the ferroelectric rhombohedral F-R state of both PZN-PT and PMN-PT. Elastic compliances s(33)(E) as determined from high temperature resonance revealed a monotonically decreasing Young's modulus as a function of temperature in the ferroelectric rhombohedral state with a sudden stiffening near the ferroelectric rhombohedral (F-R)-ferroelectric tetragonal (F-T) transition. The reversible ferro electric-ferro electric transition of morphotropic PZN-PT and PMN-PT single crystals as accessed by mechanical compression is discussed in terms of strain calculations from Devonshire's theory, domain unfolding, and morphotropic phase boundary shift with mechanical stress. The mechanically-induced and thermally-induced ferroelectric-ferroelectric transition trajectories are discussed in terms of the Devonshire theory. Implications of these observations for sound projectors are discussed. A single crystal tonpilz projector fabricated into a 16-element array and a segmented cylinder transducer demonstrated the outstanding capabilities of single crystals to achieve compact, broadband, and high-source level projectors when compared to conventional lead zirconate-titanate PZT8 projectors. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Amin, A (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM aminah@anpt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 18 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD JUN PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1090 EP 1095 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2007.362 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 173TF UT WOS:000246894700002 PM 17571807 ER PT J AU Piquette, JC McLaughlin, EA AF Piquette, Jean C. McLaughlin, Elizabeth A. TI Full solution, for crystal class 3m, of the Holland- EerNisse complex material-constant theory of lossy piezoelectrics for harmonic time dependence SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID ACCURATE DETERMINATION; MATERIALS COEFFICIENTS; RESONATORS AB A complex material-constant theory of lossy piezoelectrics is fully solved for crystal class 3m for harmonic time dependence of the fields and stresses. A new demonstration that the theory's eigen coupling factor equation applies to the lossy alternating current (AC) case also is given. The solution presented for crystal class 3m provides a complete orthonormal set of eigenvectors and eigenvalues for the eigen coupling factor problem, and it also provides a complete orthonormal set of eigenvectors and eigenvalues for the eigen loss tangent problem, for this crystal class. It is shown that two positive coupling factors are sufficient to express an arbitrary 3m crystal state. Despite the complex nature of the material constants, the Holland-EerNisse theory produces fully real expressions for the coupling factors. The loss tangent eigenvalues also are fully real and positive. The loss eigenstates are important because driving a crystal in a loss eigenstate tends to minimize the impact of material losses. Given also is a set of loss inequalities for crystal class 3m. The loss inequalities of crystal class 6mm are recovered from these when d(22) and s(14)(E) both vanish. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Piquette, JC (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM piquettejc@nuwc.navy.mil NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD JUN PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1250 EP 1264 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2007.378 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 173TF UT WOS:000246894700018 PM 17571823 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Hsieh, CP AF Chu, Peter C. Hsieh, Chung-Ping TI Multifractal thermal characteristics of the western Philippine Sea upper layer SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE multifractal structure; high-order structure function; singular measure; power law; multifractal plane AB Multifractal characteristics of the upper layer (above 140 m depth) thermal structure in the western Philippine Sea near Taiwan are analyzed using high-resolution, digital thermistor chain data. The power spectra at all the depths have multiscale characteristics with the spectral exponent beta in the range of (1, 2), which indicates nonstationary with stationary increments. The graph dimension varies from higher values such as 1.71 (in sublayer: 60 m), to lower values such as 1.59 (in second thermocline: 120 m). However, the information dimension varies slightly from 0.929 to 0.941. The multi-dimensional structure is stronger in nonstationarity (graph dimension) than in intermittency (information dimension). These results provide useful information for investigating turbulence structure in the upper layer of the western Philippine Sea. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu NR 8 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION PI NEW DELHI PA DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA SN 0379-5136 J9 INDIAN J MAR SCI JI Indian J. Mar. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 141 EP 151 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 190YY UT WOS:000248098000009 ER PT J AU Saad, MD Hussein, HA Bashandy, MM Kamel, HH Earhart, KC Fryauff, DJ Younan, M Mohamed, AH AF Saad, Magdi D. Hussein, Hussein A. Bashandy, Moustafa M. Kamel, Hamdy H. Earhart, K. C. Fryauff, David J. Younan, Mary Mohamed, Amira H. TI Hepatitis E virus infection in work horses in Egypt SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Workshop on Virus Evolution and Molecular Epidemiology CY SEP 05-09, 2005 CL Petropolis, BRAZIL SP Katholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro DE HEV; horse; Egypt; infection; PCR; phylogenetic ID WILD BOAR; NILE DELTA; SWINE; ANTIBODIES; PREVALENCE; TRANSMISSION; SEQUENCE; GENOME; DEER; HEV AB Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important cause of hepatitis among young Egyptian adults with high seroprevalence rates seen in both rural areas of the Nile Delta and in suburban Cairo. Because natural antibodies to HEV have been detected in animals and zoonotic transmission is postulated, we surveyed work horses in Cairo for evidence of HEV exposure and viremia. Sera from 200 Cairo work horses were tested by ELISA for the presence of IgG anti-HEV antibody revealed a seropositivity of 13%. Among 100 samples processed for detection of viral genome by means of nested polymerase chain reaction (N-PCR), 4% were positive and indicative of viremia. Viremic animals were less than I year old. Relative to PCR-negative horses, PCR-positive animals demonstrated significant elevation of AST (p = 0.03). Phylogenetic analysis of a 253-bp fragment, in the ORF-1,2,3 overlap region of the HEV genome from the viremic animals showed that three of these viral strains to be identical, and closely related (97-100% nucleotide identity) to two human isolates from Egypt, and distant (78-96%) from 16 other HEV isolates from human and animals and shared 99.6% NI with the fourth strain. The consensus sequence of the four strains was origin obtained elsewhere. These data indicated that horses acquire HEV infection and suggest that cross-species transmission may occur. Whether horses play a role in the transmission of HEV needs further investigation. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Virol Res Program, Cairo, Egypt. Cairo Univ, Fac Vet Med, Dept Virol, Giza, Egypt. Cairo Univ, Fac Vet Med, Dept Clin Pathol, Giza, Egypt. Fac Vet Med, Dept Clin Pathol, Bani Suwayf, Egypt. RP Saad, MD (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, Virol Res Program, Cairo, Egypt. EM DarwishM@namru3.med.navy.mil RI Saad, Magdi/H-5561-2013; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 OI Saad, Magdi/0000-0003-2111-8115; NR 31 TC 51 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 SI SI BP 368 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2006.07.007 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 173EF UT WOS:000246855600004 PM 17046335 ER PT J AU Froes, FH Gungor, MN Imam, MA AF Froes, F. H. (Sam) Gungor, Mehmet N. Imam, M. Ashraf TI Cost-affordable titanium: The component fabrication perspective SO JOM LA English DT Article AB Titanium is the material of choice for a wide variety of applications. However because of its relatively high price-a result of extraction and processing costs-it is used only when it is the only choice. This paper will overview the potential areas that are amenable to cost reduction for titanium products, emphasizing all steps in component fabrication from extraction and processing to the fabrication of final parts. C1 Univ Idaho, Inst Mat & Adv Proc, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Concurrent Technol Corp, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Naval Res Lab Washington, Washington, DC USA. RP Froes, FH (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Inst Mat & Adv Proc, McClure Hall Rm 437, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM imap@uidaho.edu NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JUN PY 2007 VL 59 IS 6 BP 28 EP 31 DI 10.1007/s11837-007-0074-8 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 176XA UT WOS:000247117000005 ER PT J AU Schneller, RJ AF Schneller, Robert J., Jr. TI Sea change at Annapolis: The United States Naval Academy, 1949-2000 SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP Schneller, RJ (reprint author), USN, Historical Ctr, Washington Navy Yard, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 EI 1945-2314 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 94 IS 1 BP 344 EP 344 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 289VC UT WOS:000255081000146 ER PT J AU Amin, A Cross, LE Lee, HY AF Amin, Ahmed Cross, Leslie E. Lee, Ho-Yong TI Evolution of a nonspontaneous, high piezoelectric coupling symmetry axis in relaxor-ferroelectric single crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ORTHORHOMBIC PHASE; SYSTEM AB A nonspontaneous, high permittivity, "dielectrically soft" symmetry axis possessing large piezoelectric activity was found to exist for predominantly ferroelectric tetragonal F-T compositions in the relaxor lead magnesium niobate-ferroelectric lead titanate, (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-(x)PbTiO3, single crystal system. The symmetry axis is not unique. It is a function of the lead titanate concentration x. It becomes the [011] for tetragonal compositions with x > 0.35 and the [001] for rhombohedral compositions with 0.30 <= x <= 0.34. The two axial systems are degenerate for x similar to 0.35 and likely to converge at x similar to 0.29. Domain engineering for maximum piezoelectric response is easily accomplished for electric fields applied along this axis. The observations were confirmed by (1) isothermal resonance-antiresonance experiments on length extensional bars fabricated from multidomain (1-x)Pb(Mg1(/3)Nb(2/3))O-3-(x)PTiO3 single crystals and (2) numerical computation using Devonshire's theory. The results are discussed in terms of recent field-temperature-composition phase diagram and lattice fluctuations along the four equivalent < 111 > directions. Implications for improved sound projector performance and the influence of dc fields on the domain states are discussed. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Sunmoon Univ, Asan 336708, South Korea. RP Amin, A (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM aminah@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 11 AR 114103 DI 10.1063/1.2743739 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 179QW UT WOS:000247306000110 ER PT J AU Biyikli, N Ni, X Fu, Y Xie, J Morkoc, H Cheng, H Kurdak, C Vurgaftman, I Meyer, J AF Biyikli, N. Ni, X. Fu, Y. Xie, J. Morkoc, H. Cheng, H. Kurdak, C. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. TI Magnetotransport properties of AlxGa1-xN/AlN/GaN heterostructures grown on epitaxial lateral overgrown GaN templates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ALGAN/GAN HETEROSTRUCTURES; THREADING DISLOCATIONS; MOBILITY; TRANSPORT; DENSITY; REDUCTION; LAYERS AB We studied the low-temperature magnetotransport properties of AlxGa1-xN/AlN/GaN heterostructures with a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). Structures with different Al compositions were grown by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy on three types of templates: conventional undoped GaN, in situ epitaxial lateral overgrown GaN using a SiNx nanomask layer, and ex situ epitaxial lateral overgrown GaN (ELO-GaN) using a stripe-patterned SiO2 mask. All of the samples display Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations that confirm the existence of 2DEGs. Field-dependent magnetoresistance and Hall measurements further indicate that the overgrown heterostructures have a parallel conducting layer in addition to the 2DEG. To characterize the parallel channel, we repeated the measurements after the 2DEG was etched away. 2DEG carrier density values were then extracted from the SdH data, whereas the zero-field 2DEG conductivity was determined by subtracting the parallel channel conductivity from the total. The quantitative mobility spectrum analysis could not be applied in some cases, due to a large contact resistance between the parallel channels. The resulting 2DEG mobility is about a factor of 2 higher in the ELO-GaN and SiN-GaN samples as compared to the standard control samples. The mobility enhancement is attributed to a reduction of threading dislocations by the two ELO techniques employed. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Biyikli, N (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM nbiyikli@vcu.edu RI Ni, Xianfeng/A-9429-2008; Ni, Xianfeng/A-1635-2011 NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 11 AR 113710 DI 10.1063/1.2745253 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 179QW UT WOS:000247306000077 ER PT J AU Moniz, LJ Nichols, JD Nichols, JM AF Moniz, L. J. Nichols, J. D. Nichols, J. M. TI Mapping the information landscape: Discerning peaks and valleys for ecological monitoring SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ecological monitoring; nonlinear systems; transfer entropy; spatial synchronization ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; TIME-SERIES; STATISTICS AB We investigate previously unreported phenomena that have a potentially significant impact on the design of surveillance monitoring programs for ecological systems. Ecological monitoring practitioners have long recognized that different species are differentially informative of a system's dynamics, as codified in the well-known concepts of indicator or keystone species. Using a novel combination of analysis techniques from nonlinear dynamics, we describe marked variation among spatial sites in information content with respect to system dynamics in the entire region. We first observed these phenomena in a spatially extended predator-prey model, but we observed strikingly similar features in verified water-level data from a NOAA/NOS Great Lakes monitoring program. We suggest that these features may be widespread and the design of surveillance monitoring programs should reflect knowledge of their existence. C1 [Moniz, L. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Moniz, L. J.; Nichols, J. D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Nichols, J. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moniz, LJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM lindamo@comcast.net NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0092-0606 J9 J BIOL PHYS JI J. Biol. Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 33 IS 3 BP 171 EP 181 DI 10.1007/s10867-007-9047-y PG 11 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 285DH UT WOS:000254757000001 PM 19669538 ER PT J AU McDonough, EA Metzgar, D Hansen, CJ Myers, CA Russell, KL AF McDonough, Erin A. Metzgar, David Hansen, Christian J. Myers, Christopher A. Russell, Kevin L. TI A cluster of Legionella-associated pneumonia cases in a population of military recruits SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDOPHILA-PNEUMONIAE; MYCOPLASMA-PNEUMONIAE; LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; MULTIPLEX PCR; PNEUMOPHILA; SPECIMENS AB A Legionella cluster was identified through retrospective PCR analysis of 240 throat swab samples from X-ray-confirmed pneumonia cases. These were identified among young and otherwise healthy U.S. military recruits during population-based surveillance for pneumonia pathogens. Results were confirmed by sequence analysis. Cases clustered tightly, suggesting a local environmental etiology. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DoD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Metzgar, D (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DoD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM metzgar@nhrc.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2075 EP 2077 DI 10.1128/JCM.02359-06 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 179JT UT WOS:000247286500078 PM 17460051 ER PT J AU Buchanan, JL Gilbert, RP AF Buchanan, James L. Gilbert, Robert P. TI Determination of the parameters of cancellous bone using high frequency acoustic measurements II: Inverse problems SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article DE osteoporosis; cancellous bone; poroelastic media; Biot model; inverse problem; parallel processing; simplex method ID ULTRASONIC WAVE-PROPAGATION; ELASTIC WAVES; IN-VITRO; RANGE AB In a precursor to this article the Biot model was used to model poroelastic media. The question this article addresses is whether the sort of experiments described by McKelvie and Palmer, Williams, and Hosokawa and Otani can be used to determine the parameters of the Biot model. A method of computing acoustic pressure in the low 100 kHz range was developed in Buchanan and Gilbert, "Determination of the parameters of cancellous bone using high frequency acoustic measurements," which appeared in Math. Comput. Modelling. In the present work a parameter recovery algorithm which uses parallel processing is developed and tested. It is found that when it is assumed that the agreement between calculated and measured data is about two digits, porosity can be determined to within about 1-2% and permeability, pore size and the bulk moduli to within about 40%, but in most cases less than 20%. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Math Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Buchanan, JL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-396X J9 J COMPUT ACOUST JI J. Comput. Acoust. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 15 IS 2 BP 199 EP 220 DI 10.1142/S0218396X07003330 PG 22 WC Acoustics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Acoustics; Mathematics GA 230GI UT WOS:000250863900003 ER PT J AU Bassim, ND Twigg, ME Mastro, MA Eddy, CR Zega, TJ Henry, RL Culbertson, JC Holm, RT Neudeck, P Powell, JA Trunek, AJ AF Bassim, N. D. Twigg, M. E. Mastro, M. A. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Zega, T. J. Henry, R. L. Culbertson, J. C. Holm, R. T. Neudeck, P. Powell, J. A. Trunek, A. J. TI Dislocations in III-nitride films grown on 4H-SiC mesas with and without surface steps SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE interfaces; line defects; nucleation; metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy; nitrides; semiconducting gallium compounds ID CRITICAL THICKNESS; GAN; LAYERS; TEMPERATURE; NUCLEATION; STRESS; MISFIT; CRYSTALS; EPITAXY; STRAIN AB Using transmission electron microscopy, we have analyzed dislocations in AlN nucleation layers and GaN films deposited by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy on the (0 0 0 1) surface of epitaxially grown 4H-SiC mesas with and without steps. For 4H-SiC substrates free of SiC surface steps, half-loop nucleation and glide parallel to the AIN/SiC interfacial plane play the dominant role in strain relief, with no mechanism for generating threading dislocations. In contrast, 4H-SiC mesa surfaces with steps give rise to regions of high stress at the heteroepitaxial interface, thereby providing an environment conducive to the nucleation and growth of threading dislocations, which act to accommodate misfit strain by the tilting of threading edge dislocations. We compare the excess stress associated with strain relief for each mechanism and find that the driving force for plastic flow is much greater for threading dislocation tilt than for half-loop propagation. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Sest Inc, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. OAI, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Twigg, ME (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM twigg@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 304 IS 1 BP 103 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.02.007 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 178PF UT WOS:000247231900019 ER PT J AU Young, YL Shen, YT AF Young, Y. L. Shen, Y. T. TI A numerical tool for the design/analysis of dual-cavitating propellers SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena and Dynamics of Rotating Machinery (ISROMAC-11) CY FEB 26-MAR 02, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI DE dual-cavitating propeller; multispeed design; cavitation; Newton-Rader ID BOUNDARY-ELEMENT METHOD; FLOWS; BEM; PREDICTION AB The motivation of this work is to develop a numerical tool to explore a new propeller design with dual-cavitating characteristics, i.e., one that is capable of operating efficiently at low speeds in subcavitating (fully wetted) mode and at high speeds in the supercavitating mode. To compute the hydrodynamic performance, a three-dimensional (3D) potential-based boundary element method (BEM) is presented. The BEM is able to predict complex cavitation patterns and blade forces on fully submerged and partially submerged propellers in subcavitating, partially cavitating, fully cavitating, and ventilated conditions. To study the hydroelastic characteristic of potential designs, the 3D BEM is coupled with a 3D finite element method (FEM) to compute the blade stresses, deflections, and dynamic characteristics. An overview of the formulation for both the BEM and FEM is presented. The numerical predictions are compared to experimental measurements for the well-known Newton Rader (NR) three-bladed propeller series with varying pitch and blade area ratios. Comparison of the performance of the Newton Rader blade section to conventional blade sections is presented. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Caderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Young, YL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM yyoung@princeton.edu; young.shen@navy.mil RI Young, Yin Lu/H-1246-2014 NR 41 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2007 VL 129 IS 6 BP 720 EP 730 DI 10.1115/1.2734224 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 183DL UT WOS:000247552800007 ER PT J AU He, YX He, P Yoon, SD Parimi, PV Rachford, FJ Harris, VG Vittoria, C AF He, Yongxue He, Peng Yoon, Soack Dae Parimi, P. V. Rachford, F. J. Harris, V. G. Vittoria, C. TI Tunable negative index metamaterial using yttrium iron garnet SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE negative index media; ferrite; garnet; metamaterial; tunable ID TRANSMISSION-LINE; PROPAGATION; REFRACTION AB A magnetic field tunable, broadband, low-loss, negative refractive index metamaterial is fabricated using yttrium iron garnet (YIG) and a periodic array of copper wires. The tunability is demonstrated from 18 to 23 GHz under an applied magnetic field with a figure of merit of 4.2 GHz/kOe. The tuning bandwidth is measured to be 5 GHz compared to 0.9 GHz for fixed field. We measure a minimum insertion loss of 4 dB (or 5.7 dB/cm) at 22.3 GHz. The measured negative refractive index bandwidth is 0.9 GHz compared to 0.5 GHz calculated by the transfer function matrix theory and 1 GHz calculated by finite element simulation. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Northeastern Univ, Ctr Microwave Magnet Mat & Integrated Circuits, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP He, YX (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Ctr Microwave Magnet Mat & Integrated Circuits, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM flypeyton@gmail.com RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 NR 22 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 313 IS 1 BP 187 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.12.031 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 163AE UT WOS:000246130000031 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA AF Hwang, Paul A. TI Spectral signature of wave breaking in surface wave components of intermediate-length scale SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Dynamics/5th International Symposium on Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces CY MAY 02-06, 2005 CL Univ Liege, Liege, BELGIUM HO Univ Liege DE wave breaking; surface roughness; intermediate-length scale; dissipation; sea spikes ID RADAR CROSS-SECTION; MEAN-SQUARE SLOPE; OCEAN SURFACE; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; NUMBER SPECTRA; GRAVITY-WAVES; SEA-SURFACE; WIND STRESS; DEPENDENCE; RANGE AB This paper investigates the length scale of ocean surface breaking waves in the spectral range of intermediate wavelength components a few centimeters to a few meters long. The spectral properties of wave breaking are examined first with the dissipation function of the wave action density conservation equation. The analysis reveals a strong breaking signature in wave components between 0.15 and 1.5 m long in the form of a quasi-singular behavior of the dissipation function using the present formulation of the wind-generation and breaking dissipation functions. Independent studies of more-direct breaking observations of radar tracking of sea spikes in the past have shown close correlation between sea spikes and scatterers traveling at the speed of surface waves a few meters long and much shorter than the dominant wavelength. This feature of sea-spike properties is consistent with the breaking signature of the dissipation function in similar wavelengths. The intennediate-scale waves are the primary contributor of the ocean surface mean-square slope. The close correlation between the gas transfer rate and the mean-square slope has been demonstrated repeatedly. A better understanding of the wave dynamics of intermediate-scale waves is important for clarification of various gas transfer mechanisms. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Bldg 2, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM phwang@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 66 IS 1-4 BP 28 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2006.11.015 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 177RW UT WOS:000247171200005 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Cheng, KF AF Chu, Peter C. Cheng, Kuo-Feng TI Effect of wave boundary layer on sea-to-air dimethylsulfide transfer velocity during typhoon passage SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Dynamics/5th International Symposium on Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces CY MAY 02-06, 2005 CL Univ Liege, Liege, BELGIUM HO Univ Liege DE dimethylsulfide; sea-to-air gas transfer velocity; wave boundary layer; tropical cyclone; drag coefficient; Wavewatch-III; south china sea ID DRAG COEFFICIENT; WATER; FLUX AB A full-spectral third-generation ocean wind-wave model (Wavewatch-III) implemented in the South China Sea is used to investigate the effects of the wave boundary layer on the drag coefficient and the sea-to-air transfer velocity of dimethylsulfide (DMS) during passage of Typhoon Wukong (September 5-11, 2000) with a maximum sustained wind speed of 38 m s(-1). The model is driven by the reanalyzed surface winds (1 degrees x 1 degrees, four times daily) from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. It is found that the wave boundary layer evidently enhances (16.5%) the drag coefficient (in turn increases the momentum flux across the air-sea interface), and reduces (13.1%) the sea-to-air DMS transfer velocity (in turn decreases the sea-to-air DMS flux). This indicates the possibility of important roles of wave boundary layer in atmospheric DMS contents and global climate system. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 66 IS 1-4 BP 122 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2006.01.013 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 177RW UT WOS:000247171200012 ER PT J AU Zerilli, FJ Armstrong, RW AF Zerilli, F. J. Armstrong, R. W. TI A constitutive equation for the dynamic deformation behavior of polymers SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSION YIELD BEHAVIOR; HIGH-PRESSURE; MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR; GLASSY-POLYMERS; STRAIN-RATES; WIDE-RANGE; FLOW; STRESS; POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE; POLY(TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE) AB A constitutive equation based on the generalized concept of thermally activated flow units is developed to describe the stress-strain behavior of polymers as a function of temperature, strain-rate, and superposed hydrostatic pressure under conditions in which creep and long-term relaxation effects are negligible. The equation is shown to describe the principal features of the dynamic stress-strain behavior of polytetrafluoroethylene and, also, the yield stress of polymethylmethacrylate as a function of temperature and strain rate. A key feature of the model, not utilized in previous constitutive equation descriptions, is an inverse shear stress dependence of the shear activation volume. In contrast to metal deformation behavior, an enhanced strain hardening with increasing strain at higher strain rates and pressures is accounted for by an additional rate for immobilization of flow units. The influence of hydrostatic pressure enters through a pressure activation volume and also through the flow unit immobilization term. The thermal activation model is combined with a temperature dependent Maxwell-Weichert linear viscoelastic model that describes the initial small strain part of the stress strain curve. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Energet Concepts Dev, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Armstrong, RW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Energet Concepts Dev, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rona@eng.umd.edu NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 12 BP 4562 EP 4574 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0550-5 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 180XW UT WOS:000247402300056 ER PT J AU Russell, JA AF Russell, James A. TI Israel and the Persian Gulf: Retrospect and prospect SO JOURNAL OF PALESTINE STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. RP Russell, JA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0377-919X J9 J PALESTINE STUD JI J. Palest. Stud. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 116 EP 117 DI 10.1525/jps.2007.36.4.116 PG 3 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 222ZT UT WOS:000250339300018 ER PT J AU Wu, SS Annis, DH AF Wu, Samuel S. Annis, David H. TI Asymptotic efficiency of majority rule relative to rank-sum method for selecting the best population SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Article DE asymptotic efficiency; majority rule; rank sum method; Plackett-Luce model; translative strengths model ID MODELS AB The ranking and selection problem has been well-studied in the case of continuous responses. In this paper, we address the situation in which continuous responses are replaced by discrete orderings. When individuals in the population provide exhaustive rank-orderings of the alternatives, two common decision rules are the majority rule and the rank-sum method. In the former case, the alternative receiving the most first-place votes is declared superior, while in the latter, the alternative with the smallest rank-sum is deemed the best. Both the Pitman efficiencies and the lower bounds on Bahadur efficiencies of the majority rule relative to the rank-sum method are derived, assuming that the rank data are generated front either the Plackett-Luce or the translative strengths models. In addition, finite sample, properties of the two methods are compared with the maximum likelihood approach through simulation studies. Our results suggest two things. First, when it is substantially more difficult to obtain a complete rank-ordering than simply the top choice, the majority rule performs adequately and efforts would be better spent asking many voters to provide top choice rather than fewer voters to provide complete orderings. Second, the rank-sum rule compares favorably to, and is substantially more robust than, the maximum likelihood approach. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Malcolm Randall VA Med Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wu, SS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM samwu@biostat.ufl.edu; annis@nps.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 137 IS 6 BP 1838 EP 1850 DI 10.1016/j.jspi.2006.03.012 PG 13 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 149SY UT WOS:000245168100010 ER PT J AU Orris, GJ Dacol, DK Nicholas, M AF Orris, Gregory J. Dacol, Dalcio K. Nicholas, Michael TI Causality and the velocity of acoustic signals in bubbly liquids SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSIBLE LIQUID; DISPERSING MEDIA; GAS-BUBBLES; WAVE-FRONT; DYNAMICS; PROPAGATION; OSCILLATIONS; ATTENUATION; RELAXATION; SOUND AB Several versions of the dispersion formula governing the acoustic propagation, in bubbly liquids are shown to exhibit acausal behavior. The cause of this behavior is due to the inappropriate application of a low frequency approximation in the determination of the extinction of the signal from radiative scattering. Using a corrected causal formula, several principles of wave propagation in bubbly media consistent with the general theory of wave propagation in dispersive media are demonstrated: There exist two precursors to any finite signal. Both propagate without regard to the source characteristics at velocities, frequencies, and amplitudes dependent wholly upon the characteristics of the medium supporting the wave motion. The first travels at the infinite frequency phase velocity that is coincident with the infinite frequency limit of the group velocity. That part of a propagating wave oscillating at the source frequency arrives at a time determined by the signal velocity. Analogous to the well known signal velocity of electromagnetic wave propagation in conducting media, the value of the signal velocity depends on the detailed structure of the dispersion formula in the complex frequency plane. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Orris, GJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gregory.orris@nrl.navy.mil NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 121 IS 6 BP 3349 EP 3362 DI 10.1121/1.2724242 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 181BA UT WOS:000247410500011 PM 17552687 ER PT J AU Bissinger, G Williams, EG Valdivia, N AF Bissinger, George Williams, Earl G. Valdivia, Nicolas TI Violin f-hole contribution to far-field radiation via patch near-field acoustical holography SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NORMAL-MODES; 4 KHZ; FORMULATIONS; DIRECTIVITY; CAVITY; SOUND AB The violin radiates either from dual ports (f-holes) or via surface motion of the corpus (top+ribs +back), with no clear delineation between these sources. Combining "patch" near-field acoustical holography over just the f-hole region of a violin with far-field radiativity measurements over a sphere, it was possible to separate f-hole from surface motion contributions to the total radiation of the corpus below 2.6 kHz. A0, the Helmholtz-like lowest cavity resonance, radiated essentially entirely through the f-holes as expected while A1, the first longitudinal cavity' mode with a node at the f-holes, had no significant f-hole radiation. The observed A1 radiation comes from an indirect radiation mechanism, induced corpus motion approximately mirroring the cavity pressure profile seen for violinlike bowed string instruments across a wide range of sizes. The first estimates of the fraction of radiation from the f-holes F-f indicate that some low frequency corpus modes thought to radiate only via surface motion (notably the first corpus bending modes) bad significant radiation through the f-holes, in agreement with net volume changes estimated from experimental modal analysis. F-f generally trended lower with increasing frequency, following corpus mobility decreases. The f-hole directivity (top/back radiativity ratio), was generally higher than whole-violin directivity. (c) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 E Carolina Univ, Dept Phys, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bissinger, G (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Phys, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 121 IS 6 BP 3899 EP 3906 DI 10.1121/1.2722238 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 181BA UT WOS:000247410500060 PM 17552736 ER PT J AU Cram, TA Persing, J Montgomery, MT Braun, SA AF Cram, Thomas A. Persing, John Montgomery, Michael T. Braun, Scott A. TI A lagrangian trajectory view on transport and mixing processes between the eye, eyewall, and environment using a high-resolution simulation of Hurricane Bonnie (1998) SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; VORTEX ROSSBY-WAVES; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; PART I; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; VORTICES; FLOW; BUOYANCY; THERMODYNAMICS AB The transport and mixing characteristics of a large sample of air parcels within a mature and vertically sheared hurricane vortex are examined. Data from a high-resolution (2-km horizontal grid spacing) numerical simulation of real-case Hurricane Bonnie (1998) are used to calculate Lagrangian trajectories of air parcels in various subdomains of the hurricane (namely, the eye, eyewall, and near environment) to study the degree of interaction (transport and mixing) between these subdomains. It is found that 1) there is transport and mixing from the low-level eye to the eyewall that carries air possessing relatively high values of equivalent potential temperature (theta(e)), which can enhance the efficiency of the hurricane heat engine; 2) a portion of the low-level inflow of the hurricane bypasses the eyewall to enter the eye, and this air both replaces the mass of the low-level eye and lingers for a sufficient time (order 1 h) to acquire enhanced entropy characteristics through interaction with the ocean beneath the eye; 3) air in the mid- to upper-level eye is exchanged with the eyewall such that more than half the air of the eye is exchanged in 5 h in this case of a sheared hurricane; and 4) that one-fifth of the mass in the eyewall at a height of 5 km has an origin in the mid- to upper-level environment where theta(e) is much less than in the eyewall, which ventilates the ensemble average eyewall theta(e) by about 1 K. Implications of these findings for the problem of hurricane intensity forecasting are briefly discussed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Montgomery, MT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mtmontgo@nps.edu NR 63 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 64 IS 6 BP 1835 EP 1856 DI 10.1175/JAS3921.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 181JR UT WOS:000247433500006 ER PT J AU Berube, C AF Berube, Claude TI Six Frigates: The Epic Histoty of the Founding of the U.S. Navy SO JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC LA English DT Book Review C1 [Berube, Claude] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Berube, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PI PHILADELPHIA PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 3905 SPRUCE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA SN 0275-1275 J9 J EARLY REPUBL JI J. Early Repub. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 365 EP 368 DI 10.1353/jer.2007.0019 PG 4 WC History SC History GA V23KZ UT WOS:000208343000018 ER PT J AU Litz, M Feroli, T Merkel, GM Guardala, N Helba, M Pereira, NR Carroll, JJ AF Litz, M. Feroli, T. Merkel, G. M. Guardala, N. Helba, M. Pereira, N. R. Carroll, J. J. TI Evaluation of Ho-166m: In search of photonuclear cross sections and trigger-level paths SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEFORMED-NUCLEI; TRANSITIONS AB Part of the Army Research Laboratory's battery program is research in the viability of nuclear batteries. Particularly attractive is a nuclear battery that can be stored without loss of energy, and then turned on by some external signal. This paper describes the progress toward that goal. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock, MD USA. SRS Inc, Huntsville, AL USA. Ecopulse Inc, Springfield, VA USA. Youngstown State Univ, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. RP Litz, M (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1054-660X J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 6 BP 868 EP 873 DI 10.1134/S1054660X07060138 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 181DJ UT WOS:000247416800013 ER PT J AU Chavez, RB AF Chavez, Rebecca Bill TI The appointment and removal process for judges in Argentina: The role of judicial councils and impeachment juries in promoting judicial independence SO LATIN AMERICAN POLITICS AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB This article explores the conditions that allow judicial councils and impeachment juries to promote judicial autonomy. In theory, these bodies intervene in the appointment and removal of judges in order to reduce executive control over court composition, thereby promoting judicial independence. Using the case of Argentina at the federal and the subnational levels, this study demonstrates that competitive politics enhances the capacity of judicial councils and impeachment juries to bolster judicial autonomy. Interparty competition provides incentives for the executive to develop a meaningful system of checks and balances, which includes an independent judiciary that can check executive power. in contrast, monolithic party control-defined as a prolonged period of unified government under a highly disciplined party-permits the executive to maintain a monopoly on power and thereby control judicial appointments and removals. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chavez, RB (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 93 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV MIAMI PI CORAL GABLES PA LATIN AMERICAN POLITICS & SOCIETY, PO BOX 248282, CORAL GABLES, FL 33124-2302 USA SN 1531-426X J9 LAT AM POLIT SOC JI Latin Amer. Polit. Soc. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 49 IS 2 BP 33 EP 58 DI 10.1353/lap.2007.0017 PG 26 WC Area Studies; International Relations; Political Science SC Area Studies; International Relations; Government & Law GA 177PR UT WOS:000247165500002 ER PT J AU Benevides, LA Huston, AL Justus, BL Falkenstein, P Brateman, LF Hintenlang, DE AF Benevides, Luis A. Huston, Alan L. Justus, Brian L. Falkenstein, Paul Brateman, Libby F. Hintenlang, David E. TI Characterization of a fiber-optic-coupled radioluminescent detector for application in the mammography energy range SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOSFET DOSIMETER SYSTEM; AIR AB Fiber-optic-coupled radioluminescent (FOC) dosimeters are members of a new family of dosimeters that are finding increased clinical applications. This study provides the first characterization of a Cu doped quartz FOC dosimeter at diagnostic energies, specifically across the range of x-ray energies and intensities used in mammographies. We characterize the calibration factors, linearity, angular dependence, and reproducibility of the FOC dosimeters. The sensitive element of each dosimeter was coupled to a photon counting photomultiplier module via I m long optical fibers. A computer controlled interface permitted real-time monitoring of the dosimeter output and rapid data acquisition. The axial-angular responses for all dosimeter models show nearly uniform response without any marked decrease in sensitivity. However, the normal-to-axial angular response showed a marked decrease in sensitivity of about 0 degrees C and 180 degrees C. In most clinical applications, appropriate dosimeter positioning can minimize the contributions of the varying normal-to-axial response. The FOC dosimeters having the greatest sensitive length provided the greatest sensitivity, with greatest to lowest sensitivity observed for 4.0, 1.9, 1.6, and 1.1 mm length sensitive elements. The average sensitivity of the dosimeters varies linearly with sensitive volume (R-2 = 95%) and as a function of tube potential and target/filter combinations, generally exhibiting an increased sensitivity for higher energies. The dosimeter sensitivity as a function of tube potential had an average increase of 4.72 +/- 2.04% for dosimeter models and three target-filter combinations tested (Mo/Mo, Mo/Rh, and Rh/Rh) over a range of 25-31 kVp. All dosimeter models exhibited a linear response (R-2 >= 0.997) to exposure for all target-filter combinations, tube potentials, and tube current-time product stations evaluated and demonstrated reproducibility within 2%. All of the dosimeters examined in this study provided a response adequate for the accurate measurement of doses in clinical mammography applications. (c) 2007 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 Naval Dosimetry Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Florida, Nucl Sci Ctr 202, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Benevides, LA (reprint author), Naval Dosimetry Ctr, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM benevides1@aol.com NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2220 EP 2227 DI 10.1118/1.2736788 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 182BH UT WOS:000247479600037 PM 17654923 ER PT J AU Ushino, T Justus, B Huston, A Ning, H Miller, R Al-Ghazi, M AF Ushino, T. Justus, B. Huston, A. Ning, H. Miller, R. Al-Ghazi, M. TI Real-time optical fiber in vivo dosimeter with a novel method for eliminating the "stem effect" SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 Global Dosimetry Solut, Irvine, CA USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Canc Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2486 EP 2487 DI 10.1118/1.2761094 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 182BH UT WOS:000247479600728 ER PT J AU McEachen, JC Kah, CW AF McEachen, John C. Kah, Cheng Wai TI An analysis of distributed sensor data aggregation for network intrusion detection SO MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Performance Computing and Communications Conference CY APR 10-12, 2006 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE DE distributed network intrusion detection; conversation exchange dynamics; configuration monitoring; network security; data mining; statistical mechanics AB A current trend in computer network intrusion detection is to deploy a network of traffic sensors, or agents, throughout the network and forward sensed information back to a central processor. As these systems start to incorporate hundreds, even thousands, of sensors, managing and presenting the information from these sensors is becoming an increasingly difficult task. This paper explores the use of conversation exchange dynamics (CED) to integrate and display sensor information from multiple nodes. We present an experimental setup consisting of multiple sensors reporting individual findings to a central server for aggregated analysis. Different scenarios of network attacks and intrusions were planned to investigate the effectiveness of the distributed system. The network attacks were taken from the M.I.T. Lincoln Lab 1999 Data Sets. The distributed system was subjected to different combinations of network attacks in various parts of the network. The results were then analyzed to understand the behavior of the distributed system in response to the different attacks. In general, the distributed system detected all attacks under each scenario. Some surprising observations also indicated attack responses occurring in unanticipated scenarios. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McEachen, JC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 833 Dyer Rd,Rm 437,Code EC-Mj, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mceachen@nps.edu NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-9331 EI 1872-9436 J9 MICROPROCESS MICROSY JI Microprocess. Microsyst. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 31 IS 4 SI SI BP 263 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.micpro.2007.01.001 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 171HU UT WOS:000246727600006 ER PT J AU Russell, JA AF Russell, James A. TI Whither regional security in a world turned upside down? SO MIDDLE EAST POLICY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Middle-East-Studies-Association CY NOV 07, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Middle E Studies Assoc C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Russell, JA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-1924 J9 MIDDLE EAST POLICY JI Middle East Policy PD SUM PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1111/j.1475-4967.2007.00305.x PG 8 WC Area Studies; International Relations SC Area Studies; International Relations GA 183OO UT WOS:000247582300014 ER PT J AU Platz, TA Wilson, JS Kline, JA Rushing, G Parker, JL Moore, EM Southern, FN AF Platz, Timothy A. Wilson, Jeffrey S. Kline, Jeffrey A. Rushing, Greg Parker, Jaime L. Moore, Erin M. Southern, Fredrick N. TI The beneficial effects of dichloroacetate in acute limb ischemia SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DISEASE AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of dichloroacetate (DCA) in acute limb ischemia. Methods: Anterior tibialis muscle samples of DCA-treated and control animals (Sprague Dawley rats) were collected and assayed for pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, lactate, adenosine triphosphate, and creatine phosphate using spectrophotometry. A physiograph was used to measure fatigability. In an ischemia/reperfusion model using New Zealand rabbits, serum lactate and end-tidal CO2 were compared. Skeletal muscle was evaluated microscopically for muscle necrosis. Results: DCA administration resulted in a 50% increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity (p = 0.025), reversal of the increase in lactate levels seen during acute limb ischemia (p = 0.41), a significant increase in the time to skeletal muscle fatigue (p = 0.05), a trend toward increased adenosine triphosphate (p = 0.07), and a significant increase in creatine phosphate (p < 0.02). DCA treatment resulted in a decrease in serum lactate (p < 0.01) and end-tidal CO2 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In acute limb ischemia and reperfusion, DCA administration provides metabolic protection to skeletal muscle. C1 USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Vasc & Endovasc Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Carolinas Med Ctr, Charlotte, NC 28203 USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Platz, TA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Vasc & Endovasc Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 172 IS 6 BP 628 EP 633 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 178PV UT WOS:000247233500016 PM 17615846 ER PT J AU Knee, TS Burke, J Seda, G Allen, D AF Knee, Treyce S. Burke, Jennifer Seda, Gilbert Allen, David TI A case of severe exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis associated with a weight-loss dietary supplement SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scientific Meeting of the US Navy Chapter of the American-college-of-Physicians CY OCT 06-08, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Coll Phys ID RENAL-FAILURE; STROKE; CAFFEINE; OVERDOSE; RISK AB In response to questions about the safety of ephedra-based dietary products, ephedra-free products are now available. Many contain synephrine, a sympathomimetic amine with structural similarities to ephedra. We present a 22-year-old, previously healthy, African American male with sickle cell trait who developed rhabdomyolysis after ingestion of a synephrine-containing dietary supplement. The patient developed fatigue, dehydration, and myalgias while exercising. He developed severe rhabdomyolysis, with a peak creatine phosphokinase level of 2.8 million U/L, complicated by pulmonary edema, acute renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and bilateral compartment syndromes in his lower extremities. He required prolonged hospitalization for hemodialysis, multiple wound debridements, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and physical therapy. He has permanent sensory and motor neurological deficits in his distal lower extremities. Military physicians should routinely inquire about the use of dietary supplements, educate patients about the potential adverse reactions associated with these agents, and encourage healthy diets and exercise for weight loss. C1 USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Reg Support Org, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. RP Knee, TS (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 172 IS 6 BP 656 EP 658 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 178PV UT WOS:000247233500022 ER PT J AU Wessman, DE Kim, TTT Parrish, JS AF Wessman, Dylan E. Kim, Thu-Thuy T. Parrish, John S. TI Acute respiratory distress following liposuction SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FAT-EMBOLISM AB An active duty male presented to the emergency room with dyspnea for 2 days after undergoing liposuction surgery. Upon presentation, the patient was afebrile, tachycardic, tachypneic, and hypoxemic. The initial chest radiograph demonstrated bilateral patchy opacities and the PaO2/FiO(2) ratio was < 200. The patient was admitted to the medical intensive care unit for supportive care. He was treated empirically for pneumonia. Blood and sputum cultures were negative. A computed tomography angiogram. of the chest was negative for pulmonary embolism but did reveal a bilateral perihilar air space process. The patient's oxygen requirement improved and the abnormal chest radiographic findings resolved over the next 48 hours. Given his clinical presentation, negative workup, and rapid recovery, the patient was given a presumptive diagnosis of pulmonary fat embolism. Fat embolism occurs when adipocytes and small blood vessels are damaged during the liposuction procedure. Patients may present with low-grade fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypoxemia, and hypocapnia. The differential diagnosis includes venous thromboembolism, aspiration pneumonitis, and pneumonia. The mainstay of treatment for pulmonary fat embolism is supportive care. The risk of mortality is 5 to 15%. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Wessman, DE (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 172 IS 6 BP 666 EP 668 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 178PV UT WOS:000247233500025 PM 17615855 ER PT J AU Tavee, J Mays, M Wilbourn, AJ AF Tavee, Jinny Mays, Maryann Wilbourn, Asa J. TI Pitfalls in the electrodiagnostic studies of sacral plexopathies SO MUSCLE & NERVE LA English DT Article DE electromyography; lumbosacral radiculopathy; sacral plexopathy; sciatic neuropathy AB This retrospective review characterizes the electrodiagnostic (EDX) features and etiologies of sacral plexopathies (SPs) and discusses difficulties in their identification. The EDX findings of 171 clinically suspected SPs were reviewed using the following criteria: reduced/absent sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) of the sural or superficial peroneal nerve, denervation of plexus-innervated muscles, and the absence of paraspinal denervation. Sixty cases localized unequivocally to the sacral plexus. The majority were cancer-related, followed by traumatic, idiopathic, and iatrogenic causes. Final diagnoses in the remaining 111 cases were indeterminate. Lesions localized to either the plexus or L4-5, S1 roots in 52 cases, the plexus or sciatic nerve in 32 cases, and were equally compatible with an SP, sciatic neuropathy, or radiculopathy in 27 cases. Findings in the EDX evaluation of SPs are often complex and difficult to localize to a specific site due to multiple complicating factors. Frequently, SPs cannot be diagnosed definitively by EDX assessment alone. C1 Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Neurol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Neurol, Portsmouth, VA 23703 USA. RP Tavee, J (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Neurol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. EM jotavee@mar.med.navy.mil NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0148-639X J9 MUSCLE NERVE JI Muscle Nerve PD JUN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 6 BP 725 EP 729 DI 10.1002/mus.20769 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 171WQ UT WOS:000246766500004 PM 17366592 ER PT J AU Medintz, IL Berti, L Pons, T Grimes, AF English, DS Alessandrini, A Facci, P Mattoussi, H AF Medintz, Igor L. Berti, Lorenzo Pons, Thomas Grimes, Amy F. English, Douglas S. Alessandrini, Andrea Facci, Paolo Mattoussi, Hedi TI A reactive peptidic linker for self-assembling hybrid quantum dot-DNA bioconjugates SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; LIVE CELLS; NANOCRYSTALS; PROTEIN; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; HYBRIDIZATION; FLUOROPHORES; NANOSENSOR; CHEMISTRY; BIOLOGY AB Self-assembly of proteins, peptides, DNA, and other biomolecules to semiconductor quantum dots (QD) is an attractive bioconjugation route that can circumvent many of the problems associated with covalent chemistry and subsequent purification. Polyhistidine sequences have been shown to facilitate self-assembly of proteins and peptides to ZnS-overcoated CdSe QDs via complexation to unoccupied coordination metal sites on the nanocrystal surface. We describe the synthesis and characterization of a thiol-reactive hexahistidine peptidic linker that can be chemically attached to thiolated-DNA oligomers and mediate their self-assembly to CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs. The self-assembly of hexahistidine-appended DNA to QDs is probed with gel electrophoresis and fluorescence resonance energy transfer techniques, and the results confirm high-affinity conjugate formation with control over the average molar ratio of DNA assembled per QD. To demonstrate the potential of this reactive peptide linker strategy, a prototype QD-DNA-dye molecular beacon is self-assembled and tested against both specific and nonspecific target DNAs. This conjugation route is potentially versatile, as altering the reactivity of the peptide linker may allow targeting of different functional groups such as amines and facilitate self-assembly of other nanoparticle-biomolecule structures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. INFM, CNR, Natl Res Ctr NanoStruct & BioSyst Surfaces, S3, I-41100 Modena, Italy. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lmedintz@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; berti.lorenzo@unimo.it RI Pons, Thomas/A-8667-2008; English, Douglas/B-9382-2009; Alessandrini, Andrea/O-1336-2016 OI Pons, Thomas/0000-0001-8800-4302; Alessandrini, Andrea/0000-0002-4782-2365 NR 59 TC 139 Z9 140 U1 3 U2 83 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1741 EP 1748 DI 10.1021/nl070782v PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 177XW UT WOS:000247186800055 PM 17530814 ER PT J AU Liou, CS AF Liou, Chi-Sann TI Sensitivity of high-resolution tropical cyclone intensity forecasts to surface flux parameterization SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclone intensity forecast; surface flux at high winds; surface stress limit; roughness length; sea surface temperature ID CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; DRAG COEFFICIENT; MESOSCALE; MODELS; EXCHANGE AB Surface flux parameterization schemes used in current dynamic models are primarily based upon measurements at low and moderate wind speeds. Recent studies show that these parameterization schemes may be incorrect at high wind speeds (e.g., tropical cyclone forecasts). Five high-resolution numerical model experiments are designed to assess the sensitivity of tropical cyclone intensity forecasts to changes in the surface flux parameterization. The sensitivity experiments are conducted by running 48 h forecasts of the Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) for six selected tropical cyclones with individual modifications to surface flux calculation that include: (1) limiting the surface stress for wind speeds greater than 33 m s(-1), or 64 knots (kt); (2) computing the stress at the top of the model bottom grid layer (MBGL) by averaging results from surface layer similarity and turbulence mixing parameterization for wind speeds greater than 33 m s(-1); (3) increasing the roughness lengths for heat and moisture transfer by a factor of ten; (4) setting the roughness lengths for heat and moisture transfer to 1/10 of the momentum roughness length; and (5) cooling the sea surface temperature (SST) by a prescribed rate at high winds. Averaged responses for the six storms to these sensitivity tests show that: (i) the limit on surface stress at high winds significantly increases the cyclone intensity in 48 h forecasts; (ii) the averaged surface layer stress at high winds increases the cyclone intensity but to a much lesser degree than limiting the surface stress; (iii) large increases in the roughness lengths for heat and moisture transfer are needed to significantly impact the intensity forecast; (iv) the different roughness length formula for surface transfer coefficients notably increases C-h/C-d ratio from 0.59 to 0.79 for 25 m s(-1) and 0.41 to 0.75 for 50 m s(-1) that significantly increases the predicted cyclone intensity; and (v) cooling of the SST by -5.8 degrees C in 48 h reduces the maximum surface wind speed by -32 kt, or 16.5 m s(-1), at 48 h forecast. These results suggest that a surface flux parameterization scheme suitable for tropical cyclone intensity forecast must correctly model the leveling-off character of surface stress and C-h/C-d ratio at high winds. All modifications to surface flux calculation have little influence on 48 h track forecasts, even though they may significantly impact the intensity forecasts. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Liou, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM liou@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD JUN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 387 EP 399 DI 10.1007/s11069-006-9046-5 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 169NJ UT WOS:000246598600003 ER PT J AU Hong, XD Chang, SW Raman, S AF Hong, Xiaodong Chang, Simon W. Raman, Sethu TI Modification of the loop current warm core eddy by Hurricane Gilbert (1988) SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Hurricane Gilbert; warm core eddy; near-inertial oscillation; ocean response ID OCEAN CURRENT RESPONSE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; OPAL 1995 AB Numerical investigation of Hurricane Gilbert (1988) effect on the Loop Current warm core eddy (WCE) in the Gulf of Mexico is performed using the Modular Ocean Model version 2 (MOM2). Results show that the storm-induced maximum sea surface temperature (SST) decrease in Gilbert's wake is over 2.5 degrees C, as compared with the 3.5 degrees C cooling in the absence of the WCE. The near-inertial oscillation in the wake reduces significantly in an along-track direction with the presence of the WCE. This effect is also reflected between the mixed layer and the thermocline, where the current directions are reversed with the upper layer. After two inertial periods (IP), the current reversal is much less obvious. In addition, it is demonstrated that Hurricane Gilbert wind stress increases the current speed of the WCE by approximate 133%. With the forcing of Gilbert, the simulated translation direction and speed of the WCE towards the Mexican coast are closer to the observed (42% more accurate in distance and 78% more accurate in direction) compared with the simulation without the Gilbert forcing. The simulated ocean response to Gilbert generally agrees with the recent observations in Hurricane Fabian. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hong, XD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM xd.hong@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD JUN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 501 EP 514 DI 10.1007/s11069-006-9057-2 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 169NJ UT WOS:000246598600011 ER PT J AU Goldsman, D Kang, KB Kim, SH Seila, AF Tokol, G AF Goldsman, David Kang, Keebom Kim, Seong-Hee Seila, Andrew F. Tokol, Gamze TI Combining standardized time series area and Cramer-von Mises variance estimators SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE simulatiom stationary process; variance estimation; standardized time series; area estimator; Cramer-von Mises estimator; Durbin-Watson estimator; batch means estimator ID SIMULATION OUTPUT; BATCH MEANS AB We propose three related estimators for the variance parameter arising from a steady-state simulation process. All are based on combinations of standardized-time-series area and Cramer-von Mises (CvM) estimators. The first is a straightforward linear combination of the area and CvM estimators; the second resembles a Durbin-Watson statistic; and the third is related to a jackknifed version of the first. The main derivations yield analytical expressions for the bias and variance of the new estimators. These results show that the new estimators often perform better than the pure area, pure CvM, and benchmark nonoverlapping and overlapping batch means estimators, especially in terms of variance and mean squared error. We also give exact and Monte Carlo examples illustrating our findings. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals. Inc. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, H Milton Stewart Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Georgia, Terry Coll Business, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Decis Analyt, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Goldsman, D (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, H Milton Stewart Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM sman@gatech.edu NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 54 IS 4 BP 384 EP 396 DI 10.1002/nav.20214 PG 13 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 157GY UT WOS:000245708000003 ER PT J AU Grabowski, KS Knies, DL Cetina, C AF Grabowski, K. S. Knies, D. L. Cetina, C. TI Trace element AMS at NRL: Initial use of a modified SIMS ion source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 05-10, 2005 CL Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA HO Univ Calif Berkeley DE accelerator mass spectrometry; secondary ion mass spectrometry; trace element; molecular interference ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETER; FACILITY AB There has been recent interest to attach a high-energy ion accelerator to the output of a secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS). NRL has undertaken such an effort, to improve the rejection of molecular ions and thus lower the limit of detection for masses above 90 Da. In this mass range molecules containing H, C, N, O and other light species that are present can create molecular interferences with MIAM values greater than 10,000. These create a background difficult to remove in conventional SIMS analysis. Using a tandem accelerator and a gas stripper cell, molecules can be broken apart, leaving only atomic ions to measure. By measuring the energy of collected ions, residual interferences caused by molecular fragments in altered charge states can be rejected. The NRL AMS facility provides a further enhancement, in that this system is designed to transmit ions in parallel over a broad mass range. This enables higher precision measurements, for example of isotope ratios, but also allows efficient and sensitive data collection over a relatively broad mass spectrum. This is important, for example, for Genesis Return Mission samples that have trapped solar wind atoms in the surface of collector plates of various materials. This paper presents initial results obtained using the new configuration of the NRL AMS system. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Grabowski, KS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6303,4555 Ovelook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Kenneth.Grabowski@nrl.navy.mil OI Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2007 VL 259 IS 1 BP 27 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.231 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 182WV UT WOS:000247535600007 ER PT J AU Knies, DL Grabowski, KS Cetina, C AF Knies, D. L. Grabowski, K. S. Cetina, C. TI Ion optic calculations and installation of a modified SIMS ion source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 05-10, 2005 CL Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA HO Univ Calif Berkeley DE accelerator mass spectrometry; secondary ion mass spectrometry; trace element; molecular interference ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRACE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; AMS; FACILITY AB The NRL trace element accelerator mass spectrometer facility has recently added a modified Cameca IMS 6F SIMS instrument as a high-performance ion source. It includes the Cs primary column, the sample chamber, and the secondary ion column. The NRL accelerator facility supplants the normal mass spectrometer portion of the IMS 6F instrument. To enable uncompromised injection from both the IMS 6F SIMS at 10 keV and from the existing ion source at 70 keV, a new compound Einzel lens was added inside the pressure tank of the Pelletron accelerator. The high-energy beam line was completely reconfigured to form an angle-focusing and energy-focusing mass spectrometer. These modifications will provide improved mass spectrometry performance, both for surface analysis using the new SIMS source and for radiocarbon measurements with the older multi-cathode ion source. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Knies, DL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM David.Knies@nrl.navy.mill OI Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2007 VL 259 IS 1 BP 118 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.150 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 182WV UT WOS:000247535600024 ER PT J AU Cetina, C Knies, DL Grabowski, KS Berry, AD Mowery, RL AF Cetina, C. Knies, D. L. Grabowski, K. S. Berry, A. D. Mowery, R. L. TI Nanogram amounts of selected rare earth elements measured by AMS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 05-10, 2005 CL Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA HO Univ Calif Berkeley DE accelerator mass spectrometry; trace elements; rare earth elements ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FACILITY AB Results are presented from a series of measurements on nanogram quantities of selected rare earth elements. The work was performed at the NRL trace element AMS facility using a multi-cathode cesium-sputtering negative-ion source. The possibility to simultaneously inject, transmit and analyze a relatively broad mass range is a unique feature of our AMS system. The detection system, placed in the focal plane of the split-pole magnetic spectrograph, consists of a combination of position-sensitive microchannel plate and ion-implanted Si detectors. The small amounts of rare earth elements to be measured were chemically extracted from the surface of metallic samples. Calibration curves were built using standards containing 3 and 10 ng of the material of interest. Extensive studies were performed to develop a method of normalizing the data by adding known amounts of a given element to the samples and to the standard material. Dedicated software was written to allow for event-by-event data acquisition as well as for data reduction. Results are shown for samples containing from less than 100 pg to almost 10 ng of material with uncertainties of the order of 15%. Further upgrades of the experimental method are underway. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cetina, C (reprint author), Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. EM Catalina.Cetina@nrl.navy.mil OI Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2007 VL 259 IS 1 BP 188 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.158 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 182WV UT WOS:000247535600036 ER PT J AU Turri, G Chen, Y Bass, M Orchard, D Butler, JE Magana, S Feygelson, T Thiel, D Fourspring, K Dewees, RV Bennett, JM Pentony, J Hawkins, S Baronowski, M Guenthner, A Seltzer, MD Harris, DC Stickley, CM AF Turri, Giorgio Chen, Ying Bass, Michael Orchard, David Butler, James E. Magana, S. Feygelson, T. Thiel, D. Fourspring, K. Dewees, Randle V. Bennett, Jean M. Pentony, Joni Hawkins, Samantha Baronowski, Meghan Guenthner, Andrew Seltzer, Michael D. Harris, Daniel C. Stickley, C. Martin TI Optical absorption, depolarization, and scatter of epitaxial single-crystal chemical-vapor-deposited diamond at 1.064 mu m SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE diamond; calorimetry; polarization; scattering ID CVD DIAMOND; HEAT; WINDOWS AB Epitaxial single-crystal chemical-vapor-deposited diamond with (100) crystal orientation is obtained from Element Six (Ascot, United Kingdom) and Apollo Diamond (Boston, Massachusetts). Both companies supply 5 x 5-mm squares with thicknesses of 0.35 to 1.74 mm. Element Six also provides disks with a state of the art diameter of 10 to 11 mm and a thickness of 1.0 mm. The absorption coefficient measured by laser calorimetry at 1.064 mu m is 0.003 cm(-1) for squares from Element Six and 0.07 cm(-1) for squares from Apollo. One Apollo specimen has an absorption coefficient near those of the Element Six material. Absorption coefficients of Element Six disks are 0.008 to 0.03 cm(-1). Each square specimen can be rotated between orientations that produce minimum or maximum loss of polarization of a 1.064-mu m laser beam transmitted through the diamond. Minimum loss is in the range 0 to 11% (mean = 5%) and maximum loss is 8 to 27% (mean= 17%). Element Six disks produce a loss of polarization in the range 0 to 4%, depending on the angle of rotation of the disk. Part of the 0.04 to 0.6% total integrated optical scatter in the forward hemisphere at 1.064 mu m can be attributed to surface roughness. (C) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Coll Opt & Photon, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. QinetiQ Ltd, Malvern WR14 3PS, Worcs, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Def Adv Res Project Agcy, MTO, Arlington, VA USA. RP Turri, G (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Coll Opt & Photon, POB 162700, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM gturri@mail.ucf.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-SOCIETY PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 46 IS 6 AR 064002 DI 10.1117/1.2748044 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 186XX UT WOS:000247813000009 ER PT J AU Hansen, JA Penland, C AF Hansen, James A. Penland, Cecile TI On stochastic parameter estimation using data assimilation SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Data Assimilation for Geophysical Systems Program CY 2005 CL Stat & Appl Math Sci Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC HO Stat & Appl Math Sci Inst DE data assimilation; parameter estimation; stochastic differential equations; central limit theorem ID DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; KALMAN FILTER; MODELS; ERROR AB Data assimilation-based parameter estimation can be used to deterministically tune forecast models. This work demonstrates that it can also be used to provide parameter distributions for use by stochastic parameterization schemes. While parameter estimation is (theoretically) straightforward to perform, it is not clear how one should physically interpret the parameter values obtained. Structural model inadequacy implies that one should not search for a deterministic "best" set of parameter values, but rather allow the parameter values to change as a function of state; different parameter values will be needed to compensate for the state-dependent variations of realistic model inadequacy. Over time, a distribution of parameter values will be generated and this distribution can be sampled during forecasts. The current work addresses the ability of ensemble-based parameter estimation techniques utilizing a deterministic model to estimate the moments of stochastic parameters. It is shown that when the system of interest is stochastic the expected variability of a stochastic parameter is biased when a deterministic model is employed for parameter estimation. However, this bias is ameliorated through application of the Central Limit Theorem, and good estimates of both the first and second moments of the stochastic parameter can be obtained. It is also shown that the biased variability information can be utilized to construct a hybrid stochastic/deterministic integration scheme that is able to accurately approximate the evolution of the true stochastic system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hansen, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM Jim.Hansen@nrlmry.navy.mil; Cecile.Penland@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD JUN PY 2007 VL 230 IS 1-2 BP 88 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2006.11.006 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 183QQ UT WOS:000247587700009 ER PT J AU Reynolds, CA AF Reynolds, C. A. TI Impact of nonlinearities and model error on pseudo-inverse calculations SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Data Assimilation for Geophysical Systems Program CY 2005 CL Stat & Appl Math Sci Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC HO Stat & Appl Math Sci Inst DE forecast error; predictability; pseudo-inverse; singular vectors; model error; nonlinear error growth ID SUBSPACE STATISTICAL ESTIMATION; ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEM; KEY ANALYSIS ERRORS; SINGULAR-VECTORS; ADAPTIVE OBSERVATIONS; DATA ASSIMILATION; LYAPUNOV VECTORS; FORECAST ERRORS; SENSITIVITY; PREDICTABILITY AB Pseudo-inverse calculations have been made within the operational and research meteorological communities to identify components of the error in the initial state that are responsible for a significant portion of the forecast error. These calculations are based on the assumptions of a perfect model and linear perturbation growth, conditions not realizable in operational forecasting. In this study, the impact of nonlinearities and model error on pseudo-inverse calculations is investigated within an idealized framework using a simple atmospheric model. Forecasts are run within the perfect and imperfect model frameworks, with initial errors of varying sizes. Model error is introduced by changing the model dissipation terms. It is found that for pseudo-inverses composed of a small subset of the leading singular vectors (SVs), the nonlinear forecast correction is often better than the expected theoretical correction, indicating the suppression of error growth both inside and outside the linear pseudo-inverse subspace. As the size of the pseudo-inverse is increased, the nonlinear forecast correction starts to degrade. This forecast degradation coincides with a degradation in the analysis correction. It is possible to improve the forecast by degrading the analysis in the presence of model error, especially when the initial error is very small. However, for initial errors of reasonable magnitude, this is unlikely to happen in instances when the nonlinear forecast correction is better than the theoretical correction. Just as improving the initial state may suppress errors outside of the linear SV subspace, degrading it may likewise increase errors outside the SV subspace. This suggests that the size of the nonlinear correction relative to the expected theoretical correction may be useful in determining when pseudo-inverse perturbations are likely to have improved the analyses. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Reynolds, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM Reynolds@nrlmry.navy.mil OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 EI 1872-8022 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD JUN PY 2007 VL 230 IS 1-2 BP 159 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2006.03.017 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 183QQ UT WOS:000247587700014 ER PT J AU Greilich, A Wiemann, M Hernandez, FGG Yakovlev, DR Yugova, IA Bayer, M Shabaev, A Efros, AL Reuter, D Wieck, A AF Greilich, A. Wiemann, M. Hernandez, F. G. G. Yakovlev, D. R. Yugova, I. A. Bayer, M. Shabaev, A. Efros, A. L. Reuter, D. Wieck, A. TI Robust manipulation of electron spin coherence in an ensemble of singly charged quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB Using the recently reported mode-locking effect [A. Greilich , Science 313, 341 (2006)], we demonstrate a highly robust control of electron spin coherence in an ensemble of (In,Ga)As quantum dots during the single spin coherence time. The spin precession in a transverse magnetic field can be fully controlled up to 25 K by the parameters of the exciting pulsed laser protocol such as the pulse train sequence, leading to adjustable quantum beat bursts in Faraday rotation. Flipping of the electron spin precession phase was demonstrated by inverting the polarization within a pulse doublet sequence. C1 Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Angewandte Festkorperphys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Hernandez, FGG (reprint author), Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. RI Greilich, Alex/A-8927-2009; Yugova, Irina/F-6823-2011; Hernandez, Felix/D-1103-2012; Wieck, Andreas Dirk/C-5129-2009 OI Yugova, Irina/0000-0003-0020-3679; Wieck, Andreas Dirk/0000-0001-9776-2922 NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 23 AR 233301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.233301 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EW UT WOS:000247624900010 ER PT J AU Scheibner, M Doty, MF Ponomarev, IV Bracker, AS Stinaff, EA Korenev, VL Reinecke, TL Gammon, D AF Scheibner, M. Doty, M. F. Ponomarev, I. V. Bracker, A. S. Stinaff, E. A. Korenev, V. L. Reinecke, T. L. Gammon, D. TI Spin fine structure of optically excited quantum dot molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATION; FIELD AB The interaction between spins in coupled quantum dots is revealed in distinct fine structure patterns in the measured optical spectra of InAs/GaAs double quantum dot molecules containing zero, one, or two excess holes. The fine structure is explained well in terms of a uniquely molecular interplay of spin-exchange interactions, Pauli exclusion, and orbital tunneling. This knowledge is critical for converting quantum dot molecule tunneling into a means of optically coupling not just orbitals but also spins. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Scheibner, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM scheibner@bloch.nrl.navy.mil RI Doty, Matthew/B-5075-2010; Ponomarev, Ilya/F-5183-2010; Korenev, Vladimir/C-1107-2014 OI Doty, Matthew/0000-0001-7999-3567; Ponomarev, Ilya/0000-0002-8584-6034; NR 26 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 24 AR 245318 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.245318 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EX UT WOS:000247625000085 ER PT J AU Campbell, DB Laird, RW Riley, MA Simpson, J Kondev, FG Hartley, DJ Janssens, RVF Brown, TB Carpenter, MP Fallon, P Fischer, SM Lauritsen, T Nisius, D Ragnarsson, I AF Campbell, D. B. Laird, R. W. Riley, M. A. Simpson, J. Kondev, F. G. Hartley, D. J. Janssens, R. V. F. Brown, T. B. Carpenter, M. P. Fallon, P. Fischer, S. M. Lauritsen, T. Nisius, D. Ragnarsson, I. TI Rotational structures and their evolution with spin in Gd-152 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID COINCIDENCE DATA; NUCLEI; BANDS AB The fusion-evaporation reaction involving a 175 MeV S-36 beam and a Sn-124 target was performed, and the emitted gamma rays were observed with the Gammasphere spectrometer. Significant additions to the level scheme of Gd-152 were made in spite of the relative weakness of the alpha 4n exit channel, being only similar to 2% of the total fusion cross-section. The high-spin behavior of Gd-152 was compared with that of other N=88 nuclei. A striking similarity was observed with Dy-154 and it is therefore suggested that the angular-momentum-induced shape changes that take place in Dy-154 also occur in Gd-152 in the 30-40h spin range. This is supported by Cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations which were used to interpret the high-spin bands. It is found that a better agreement between calculation and experiment is obtained if the Z=64 shell gap increases with a decreasing number of valence particles outside the doubly-closed Gd-146(64)82 nucleus. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Texas Lutheran Univ, Dept Phys, Seguin, TX 78023 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. CCLRC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Nucl Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. De Paul Univ, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Lund Univ, LTH, Div Math Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RP Campbell, DB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 064314 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.75.064314 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 184EZ UT WOS:000247625200022 ER PT J AU Snyder, MR Knio, OM Katz, J Le Maitre, OP AF Snyder, Murray R. Knio, Omar M. Katz, Joseph Le Maitre, Olivier P. TI Statistical analysis of small bubble dynamics in isotropic turbulence SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID TRACKING VELOCIMETRY EXPERIMENTS; HOMOGENEOUS TURBULENCE; SETTLING VELOCITY; REYNOLDS-NUMBER; HEAVY-PARTICLES; NONLINEAR DRAG; GAS-BUBBLES; ANOMALOUS-DISPERSION; MOTION; FLOW AB The dynamics and dispersion of small air bubbles in isotropic turbulence are analyzed computationally. The flow field is simulated using a pseudospectral code, while the bubble dynamics are analyzed by integration of a Lagrangian equation of motion that accounts for buoyancy, added mass, pressure, drag, and lift forces. Probability density functions (pdfs) of bubble velocities, lift and drag forces, and of field velocities and vorticities along bubble trajectories are used to analyze bubble dynamics. Lagrangian bubble trajectories are also employed to determine dispersion characteristics, following the theoretical development of Cushman and Moroni [Phys. Fluids 13, 75 (2001)]. Consistent with available experimental data, bubble rise velocities are increasingly suppressed with increasing turbulence intensity. The analysis also reveals that the vertical bubble velocities are characterized by asymmetric pdfs that are positive or negative-skewed dependent upon the nondimensional turbulence intensity and the Taylor length scale. The role of the lift force in moving the bubbles to the down-flow side of turbulent eddies, and consequently retarding their rise, is consistently observed in all analyses. The dispersion of 40 mu m bubbles and transition to Fickian behavior is shown to be weakly affected by the turbulence level. Larger, 400 mu m bubbles are shown to be more sensitive to turbulence level with transition to Fickian behavior delayed in low turbulence fields. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Evry Val Essonne, Lab Mecan & Energet Evry, F-91020 Evry, France. Univ Evry Val Essonne, Lab Informat Mecan & Sci Ingn, F-91020 Evry, France. RP Snyder, MR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM msnyder@usna.edu; knio@jhu.edu; katz@jhu.edu; olm@iup.univ-evry.fr RI Knio, Omar/A-3318-2010; Le Maitre, Olivier/D-8570-2011; Katz, Joseph/A-7624-2010 OI Le Maitre, Olivier/0000-0002-3811-7787; Katz, Joseph/0000-0001-9067-2473 NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JUN PY 2007 VL 19 IS 6 AR 065108 DI 10.1063/1.2729733 PG 25 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 184FG UT WOS:000247625900021 ER PT J AU Davis, J Petrov, GM Velikovich, A AF Davis, J. Petrov, G. M. Velikovich, A. TI Nonlinear energy absorption of rare gas clusters in intense laser field SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC CLUSTERS; OUTER IONIZATION; PLASMA; ELECTRON; DYNAMICS; PULSES AB The energy absorption of rare gas clusters irradiated by an intense ultrashort laser pulse is studied numerically. Various mechanisms of collisionless energy absorption were evaluated and discussed. The molecular dynamics simulations results suggest that both the linear and nonlinear resonance absorption mechanisms are marginally relevant. A capacitor model is considered that links the energy absorption to outer electron ionization and volume distribution of charges, rather than oscillation of electrons and transition through a resonance. It predicts correctly the absolute absorbed energy, as well as the dependence of the absorbed energy versus number of atoms per cluster. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Davis, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 6 AR 060701 DI 10.1063/1.2743646 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 184FI UT WOS:000247626100001 ER PT J AU Thornhill, JW Chong, YK Apruzese, JP Davis, J Clark, RW Giuliani, JL Terry, RE Velikovich, AL Commisso, RJ Whitney, KG Frese, MH Frese, SD Levine, JS Qi, N Sze, H Failor, BH Banister, JW Coleman, PL Coverdale, CA Jones, B Deeney, C AF Thornhill, J. W. Chong, Y. K. Apruzese, J. P. Davis, J. Clark, R. W. Giuliani, J. L., Jr. Terry, R. E. Velikovich, A. L. Commisso, R. J. Whitney, K. G. Frese, M. H. Frese, S. D. Levine, J. S. Qi, N. Sze, H. Failor, B. H. Banister, J. W. Coleman, P. L. Coverdale, C. A. Jones, B. Deeney, C. TI One- and two-dimensional modeling of argon K-shell emission from gas-puff Z-pinch plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID TAILORED DENSITY PROFILES; RADIATION; IMPLOSIONS; TRANSPORT; NOZZLE; DISTRIBUTIONS; SIMULATIONS; PERFORMANCE; INSTABILITY; VELOCITY AB In this paper, a theoretical model is described and demonstrated that serves as a useful tool for understanding K-shell radiating Z-pinch plasma behavior. Such understanding requires a self-consistent solution to the complete nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium kinetics and radiation transport in order to realistically model opacity effects and the high-temperature state of the plasma. For this purpose, we have incorporated into the MACH2 two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code [R. E. Peterkin , J. Comput. Phys. 140, 148 (1998)] an equation of state, called the tabular collisional radiative equilibrium (TCRE) model [J. W. Thornhill , Phys. Plasmas 8, 3480 (2001)], that provides reasonable approximations to the plasma's opacity state. MACH2 with TCRE is applied toward analyzing the multidimensional implosion behavior that occurred in Decade Quad (DQ) [D. Price , Proceedings of the 12th IEEE Pulsed Power Conference, Monterey, CA, edited by C. Stallings and H. Kirbie (IEEE, New York, 1999), p. 489] argon gas puff experiments that employed a 12 cm diameter nozzle with and without a central gas jet on axis. Typical peak drive currents and implosion times in these experiments were similar to 6 MA and similar to 230 ns. By using Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence measured initial density profiles as input to the calculations, the effect these profiles have on the ability of the pinch to efficiently produce K-shell emission can be analyzed with this combined radiation-MHD model. The calculated results are in agreement with the experimental result that the DQ central-jet configuration is superior to the no-central-jet experiment in terms of producing more K-shell emission. These theoretical results support the contention that the improved operation of the central-jet nozzle is due to the better suppression of instabilities and the higher-density K-shell radiating conditions that the central-jet configuration promotes. When we applied the model toward projecting argon K-shell yield behavior for Sandia National Laboratories' ZR machine (similar to 25 MA peak drive currents, similar to 100 ns implosion times) [D. McDaniel , Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches, Albuquerque, NM, 2002, edited by J. Davis, C. Deeney, and N. R. Pereira (American Institute of Physics, New York, 2002), Vol. 651, p. 23] for experiments that utilize the 12 cm diameter central-jet nozzle configuration, it predicts over 1 MJ of K-shell emission is attainable. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. L3 Commun Pulse Sci, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. Alameda Appl Sci, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Natl Nucl Securt Adm, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Thornhill, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 6 AR 063301 DI 10.1063/1.2741251 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 184FI UT WOS:000247626100035 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB AF Johnson, W. Brad TI Transformational supervision: When supervisors mentor SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE supervision; mentoring; training; boundaries; roles ID GRADUATE-SCHOOL; PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGISTS; TRAINING DIRECTORS; STUDENTS; PSYCHOTHERAPY; COMPETENCE; PROGRAMS; TRAINEES; NETWORK; TEACHER AB Can a psychologist simultaneously fill the roles of clinical supervisor and mentor to a trainee? What are the implications of adding a mentoring component to a supervisory relationship? Like academic advising, supervision need not incorporate a mentoring function. However, the author hypothesizes that, all things considered, it is better for supervisees, and probably supervisors and training sites, too, when supervising psychologists engage supervisees in connected, collaborative, and increasingly reciprocal developmental relationships. There are numerous implications of mentoring-infused or transformational supervision, not the least of which is the inescapable tension between the supervisor's mentoring and evaluative roles. The author calls for concerted research and practice development in this area. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Grad Sch Business & Educ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall,Stop 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM johnsonb@usna.edu NR 62 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 EI 1939-1323 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 38 IS 3 BP 259 EP 267 DI 10.1037/0735-7028.38.3.259 PG 9 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 173UU UT WOS:000246898800005 ER PT J AU Furstenberg, R Kendziora, CA Stepnowski, SV McGill, RA AF Furstenberg, Robert Kendziora, C. A. Stepnowski, Stanley V. McGill, R. Andrew TI Infrared microthermography of microfabricated devices SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID EMISSIVITY AB We report a new experimental apparatus for infrared microthermography applicable to a wide class of samples including semitransparent ones and perforated devices. This setup is particularly well suited for the thermography of microfabricated devices. Traditionally, temperature calibration is performed using calibration hot plates, but this is not applicable to transmissive samples. In this work a custom designed miniature calibration oven in conjunction with spatial filtering is used to obtain accurate static and transient temperature maps of actively heated devices. The procedure does not require prior knowledge of the emissivity. Calibration and image processing algorithms are discussed and analyzed. We show that relatively inexpensive uncooled bolometer arrays can be a suitable detector choice in certain radiometric applications. As an example, we apply this method in the analysis of temperature profiles of an actively heated microfabricated preconcentrator device that incorporates a perforated membrane and is used in trace detection of illicit substances. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Furstenberg, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6365, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM robert.furstenberg@gmail.com NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 6 AR 064903 DI 10.1063/1.2746573 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 184FJ UT WOS:000247626200034 PM 17614631 ER PT J AU Ponsen, M Spronck, P Munoz-Avila, H Aha, DW AF Ponsen, Marc Spronck, Pieter Munoz-Avila, Hector Aha, David W. TI Knowledge acquisition for adaptive game AI SO SCIENCE OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE computer games; artificial intelligence; real-time strategy; reinforcement learning; dynamic scripting; evolutionary algorithm; knowledge acquisition AB Game artificial intelligence (AI) controls the decision-making process of computer-controlled opponents in computer games. Adaptive game AI (i.e., game At that can automatically adapt the behaviour of the computer players to changes in the environment) can increase the entertainment value of computer games. Successful adaptive game AI is invariably based on the game's domain knowledge. We show that an offline evolutionary algorithm can learn important domain knowledge in the form of game tactics (i.e., a sequence of game actions) for dynamic scripting, an offline algorithm inspired by reinforcement learning approaches that we use to create adaptive game AI. We compare the performance of dynamic scripting under three conditions for defeating non-adaptive opponents in a real-time strategy game. In the first condition, we manually encode its tactics. In the second condition, we manually translate the tactics learned by the evolutionary algorithm, and use them for dynamic scripting. In the third condition, this translation is automated. We found that dynamic scripting performs best under the third condition, and both of the latter conditions outperform manual tactic encoding. We discuss the implications of these results, and the performance of dynamic scripting for adaptive game At from the perspective of machine learning research and commercial game development. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Maastricht Univ, MICC IKAT, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. Lehigh Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ponsen, M (reprint author), Maastricht Univ, MICC IKAT, POB 616, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. EM m.ponsen@micc.unimaas.nl; p.spronck@micc.unimaas.nl; hem4@lehigh.edu; david.aha@nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6423 EI 1872-7964 J9 SCI COMPUT PROGRAM JI Sci. Comput. Program. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 67 IS 1 BP 59 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.scico.2007.01.006 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 187HK UT WOS:000247838100004 ER PT J AU Swaminathan, S Brown, TL Chandrasekar, S McNelley, TR Compton, WD AF Swaminathan, S. Brown, T. L. Chandrasekar, S. McNelley, T. R. Compton, W. D. TI Severe plastic deformation of copper by machining: Microstructure refinement and nanostructure evolution with strain SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE machining; copper; severe plastic deformation; microstructure; microtexture ID EXTRUSION; TORSION; NICKEL AB The microstructures of copper chips created by plane strain machining at ambient temperature have been analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and orientation imaging microscopy (OIM). The strain imposed in the chips was varied by changing the tool rake angle. Characterization of orthogonal faces of the chips showed the microstructure to be essentially uniform through the chip volume, indicative also of uniform deformation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astron Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Ind Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP McNelley, TR (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astron Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM TMcNelley@nps.edu NR 13 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 56 IS 12 BP 1047 EP 1050 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.02.034 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 169PY UT WOS:000246605300011 ER PT J AU Kosugi, T Matsuzaki, K Sakao, T Shimizu, T Sone, Y Tachikawa, S Hashimoto, T Minesugi, K Ohnishi, A Yamada, T Tsuneta, S Hara, H Ichimoto, K Suematsu, Y Shimojo, M Watanabe, T Shimada, S Davis, JM Hill, LD Owens, JK Title, AM Culhane, JL Harra, LK Doschek, GA Golub, L AF Kosugi, T. Matsuzaki, K. Sakao, T. Shimizu, T. Sone, Y. Tachikawa, S. Hashimoto, T. Minesugi, K. Ohnishi, A. Yamada, T. Tsuneta, S. Hara, H. Ichimoto, K. Suematsu, Y. Shimojo, M. Watanabe, T. Shimada, S. Davis, J. M. Hill, L. D. Owens, J. K. Title, A. M. Culhane, J. L. Harra, L. K. Doschek, G. A. Golub, L. TI The Hinode (Solar-B) mission: An overview SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; FLARE; CORONA; POINT; LOOPS AB The Hinode satellite (formerly Solar-B) of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS/JAXA) was successfully launched in September 2006. As the successor to the Yohkoh mission, it aims to understand how magnetic energy gets transferred from the photosphere to the upper atmosphere and results in explosive energy releases. Hinode is an observatory style mission, with all the instruments being designed and built to work together to address the science aims. There are three instruments onboard: the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT), the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS), and the X-Ray Telescope (XRT). This paper provides an overview of the mission, detailing the satellite, the scientific payload, and operations. It will conclude with discussions on how the international science community can participate in the analysis of the mission data. C1 Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Mitsubishi Electr Corp, Kamakura Works, Kanagawa 2478520, Japan. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Shimizu, T (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. EM shimizu@solar.isas.jaxa.jp RI Shimojo, Masumi/J-2605-2016; OI Shimojo, Masumi/0000-0002-2350-3749; Harra, Louise/0000-0001-9457-6200; Golub, Leon/0000-0001-9638-3082 NR 23 TC 957 Z9 964 U1 7 U2 56 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 243 IS 1 BP 3 EP 17 DI 10.1007/s11207-007-9014-6 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 215JB UT WOS:000249803500002 ER PT J AU Culhane, JL Harra, LK James, AM Al-Janabi, K Bradley, LJ Chaudry, RA Rees, K Tandy, JA Thomas, P Whillock, MCR Winter, B Doschek, GA Korendyke, CM Brown, CM Myers, S Mariska, J Seely, J Lang, J Kent, BJ Shaughnessy, BM Young, PR Simnett, GM Castelli, CM Mahmoud, S Mapson-Menard, H Probyn, BJ Thomas, RJ Davila, J Dere, K Windt, D Shea, J Hagood, R Moye, R Hara, H Watanabe, T Matsuzaki, K Kosugi, T Hansteen, V Wikstol, O AF Culhane, J. L. Harra, L. K. James, A. M. Al-Janabi, K. Bradley, L. J. Chaudry, R. A. Rees, K. Tandy, J. A. Thomas, P. Whillock, M. C. R. Winter, B. Doschek, G. A. Korendyke, C. M. Brown, C. M. Myers, S. Mariska, J. Seely, J. Lang, J. Kent, B. J. Shaughnessy, B. M. Young, P. R. Simnett, G. M. Castelli, C. M. Mahmoud, S. Mapson-Menard, H. Probyn, B. J. Thomas, R. J. Davila, J. Dere, K. Windt, D. Shea, J. Hagood, R. Moye, R. Hara, H. Watanabe, T. Matsuzaki, K. Kosugi, T. Hansteen, V. Wikstol, O. TI The EUV imaging spectrometer for Hinode SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL DIAGNOSTIC SPECTROMETER; SOLAR-B SATELLITE; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; EMISSION-LINES; LABORATORY CALIBRATION; LOOP OSCILLATIONS; ATOMIC DATABASE; QUIET SUN; ULTRAVIOLET; SPECTRUM AB The EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on Hinode will observe solar corona and upper transition region emission lines in the wavelength ranges 170 - 210 angstrom and 250 - 290 angstrom. The line centroid positions and profile widths will allow plasma velocities and turbulent or non-thermal line broadenings to be measured. We will derive local plasma temperatures and densities from the line intensities. The spectra will allow accurate determination of differential emission measure and element abundances within a variety of corona and transition region structures. These powerful spectroscopic diagnostics will allow identification and characterization of magnetic reconnection and wave propagation processes in the upper solar atmosphere. We will also directly study the detailed evolution and heating of coronal loops. The EIS instrument incorporates a unique two element, normal incidence design. The optics are coated with optimized multilayer coatings. We have selected highly efficient, backside-illuminated, thinned CCDs. These design features result in an instrument that has significantly greater effective area than previous orbiting EUV spectrographs with typical active region 2 - 5 s exposure times in the brightest lines. EIS can scan a field of 6x8.5 arc min with spatial and velocity scales of 1 arc sec and 25 kms(-1) per pixel. The instrument design, its absolute calibration, and performance are described in detail in this paper. EIS will be used along with the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) and the X-ray Telescope (XRT) for a wide range of studies of the solar atmosphere. C1 UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Space Res, Space Res Grp, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, Pupin Phys Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. Perdix Corp, Wilton, NH 03086 USA. Swales Aerosp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 181, Japan. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 229, Japan. Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. RP Culhane, JL (reprint author), UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM jlc@mssl.ucl.ac.uk OI Young, Peter/0000-0001-9034-2925; James, Adrian/0000-0002-0023-4363; Harra, Louise/0000-0001-9457-6200 NR 51 TC 537 Z9 542 U1 4 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 243 IS 1 BP 19 EP 61 DI 10.1007/s01007-007-0293-1 PG 43 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 215JB UT WOS:000249803500003 ER PT J AU Barke, I Bennewitz, R Crain, JN Erwin, SC Kirakosian, A McChesney, JL Himpsel, FJ AF Barke, I. Bennewitz, R. Crain, J. N. Erwin, S. C. Kirakosian, A. McChesney, J. L. Himpsel, F. J. TI Low-dimensional electron gas at semiconductor surfaces SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE semiconductors; surfaces and interfaces; scanning tunnelling microscopy; photoelectron spectroscopy ID SPIN-CHARGE SEPARATION; REGULAR STEP ARRAYS; SILICON SURFACES; SI(111) SURFACES; VICINAL SI(111); DENSITY-WAVE; STATES; PHOTOEMISSION; EXCITATIONS; CHAINS AB In recent years, it has become possible to create well-ordered semiconductor surfaces with metallic surface states by using self-assembly of metal atoms. Since these states lie in the band gap of the semiconductor, they completely decouple from the substrate. In addition to two-dimensional structures it is possible to obtain arrays of one-dimensional atomic chains, which may be viewed as the ultimate nanowires. The dimensionality can be varied systematically by using vicinal surfaces with variable step spacing. Angle-resolved photoemission and scanning tunnelling spectroscopy reveal surprising features, such as a fractional band filling, nanoscale phase separation into doped and undoped chain segments, and a spin-splitting at a non-magnetic surface. Prospects for one-dimensional electron gas physics in atomic chains are discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Himpsel, FJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM fhimpsel@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Barke, Ingo/H-2097-2013; McChesney, Jessica/K-8911-2013; Bennewitz, Roland/P-9657-2016 OI Barke, Ingo/0000-0002-1717-570X; McChesney, Jessica/0000-0003-0470-2088; Bennewitz, Roland/0000-0002-5464-8190 NR 75 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 EI 1879-2766 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 142 IS 11 BP 617 EP 626 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2007.04.016 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 179ZO UT WOS:000247329600001 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Widing, KG AF Feldman, U. Widing, K. G. TI Spectroscopic measurement of coronal compositions SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Sun; solar wind ID SOLAR CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; PHOTOSPHERIC ABUNDANCES; ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; NE/O ABUNDANCE; ACTIVE REGIONS; FLARE PLASMAS; QUIET SUN; NEON; ATMOSPHERE AB Although the elemental composition in all parts of the solar photosphere appears to be the same this is clearly not the case with the solar upper atmosphere (SUA). Spectroscopic studies show that in the corona elemental composition along solar equatorial regions is usually different from polar regions; composition in quiet Sun regions is often different from coronal hole and active region compositions and the transition region composition is frequently different from the coronal composition along the same line of sight. In the following two issues are discussed. The first involves abundance ratios between the high-FIP O and Ne and the low-FIP Mg and Fe that are important for meaningful comparisons between photospheric and SUA compositions and the second involves a review of composition and time variability of SUA plasmas at heights of 1.0 <= h <= 1.5R(circle dot). C1 Artep Inc, Columbia, MD 21042 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), Artep Inc, 2922 Excelsior Spring Circle, Columbia, MD 21042 USA. EM uri.feldman@nrl.navy.mil NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 130 IS 1-4 BP 115 EP 126 DI 10.1007/s11214-007-9157-7 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 213GA UT WOS:000249653200013 ER PT J AU Murphy, RJ AF Murphy, R. J. TI Solar gamma-ray spectroscopy SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Sun : abundances; chromosphere; photosphere; flares; X-rays; gamma rays ID ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; PARTICLE INTERACTIONS; CORONAL ABUNDANCES; ENERGETIC PARTICLE; LINE MEASUREMENTS; MAGNETIC LOOPS; NE/O ABUNDANCE; FLARE; NEON; CHROMOSPHERE AB Interactions of ions accelerated in solar flares produce gamma-ray lines and continuum and neutrons. These emissions contain a rich set of observables that provides information about both the accelerated ions and the environment where the ions are transported and interact. Ion interactions with the various nuclei present in the ambient medium produce gamma-ray lines at unique energies. How abundance information is extracted from the measurements is discussed and results from analyses of a number of solar flares are presented. The analyses indicate that the composition of the ambient gas where the ions interact (typically at chromospheric densities) is different from that of the photosphere and more like the composition of the corona, exhibiting low-FIP elemental enhancements that may vary from flare to flare. Evidence for increased Ne/O and the photospheric He-3 abundance is also discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hubert Ctr Astrophys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Murphy, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hubert Ctr Astrophys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ronald.murphy@nrl.navy.mil NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 130 IS 1-4 BP 127 EP 138 DI 10.1007/s11214-007-9197-z PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 213GA UT WOS:000249653200014 ER PT J AU Aboul-Enein, Y AF Aboul-Enein, Youssef TI Fighting for Fallujah: A new dawn for Iraq. SO TERRORISM AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Middle E Foreign Area, Washington, DC USA. RP Aboul-Enein, Y (reprint author), USN, Middle E Foreign Area, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-6553 J9 TERROR POLIT VIOLENC JI Terror. Polit. Violence PD SUM PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 BP 269 EP 270 DI 10.1080/09546550701271385 PG 2 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 162DK UT WOS:000246066800006 ER PT J AU Mavropoulos, JC Partin, AW Amling, CL Terris, MK Kane, CJ Aronson, WJ Presti, JC Mangold, LA Freedland, SJ AF Mavropoulos, John C. Partin, Alan W. Amling, Christopher L. Terris, Martha K. Kane, Christopher J. Aronson, William J. Presti, Joseph C., Jr. Mangold, Leslie A. Freedland, Stephen J. TI Do racial differences in prostate size explain higher serum prostate-specific antigen concentrations among black men? SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; WHITE PATIENTS; TUMOR VOLUME; CANCER; HYPERPLASIA; PROGRESSION; SPECIMENS; PREDICTOR; AGE AB Objectives To determine whether elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values in black men are due, at least partially, to larger prostate size among black men. Methods The study population consisted of two cohorts: (1) 1410 men undergoing radical prostatectomy between 1988 and 2005 at five equal-access medical centers comprising the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) Database; and (2) 9601 men undergoing radical prostatectomy between 1988 and 2004 at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. We evaluated the association between race and serum PSA value and prostate weight using multivariable linear regression while adjusting for demographic and clinicopathologic cancer characteristics. Results In both cohorts, black men had higher serum PSA values (P <= 0.001). After adjusting for either demographic characteristics or demographic and cancer-specific characteristics, there were no significant associations between race and prostate size in either cohort. After adjusting for multiple demographic, clinical, and pathologic cancer-specific characteristics, black men had 15% higher serum PSA values relative to white men in both the SEARCH (P = 0.001) and Hopkins cohorts (P <0.001). Conclusions In this study of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy in two very different practice settings, black men in both cohorts had higher serum PSA values relative to white men, despite adjustment for demographic and cancer-specific characteristics, including prostate weight. The lack of significant association between race and prostate size suggests that alternative reasons are needed to explain higher serum PSA values in black men. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Urol Surg, Duke Prostate Ctr,Sch Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Duke Prostate Ctr, Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Urol Sect, Dept Surg, Durham, NC USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, James Buchanan Brady Urol Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Urol, Birmingham, AL USA. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Surg, Vet Adm Med Ctr, Urol Sect, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. USN, San Diego Hosp, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Urol Sect, Dept Surg, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Vet Adm Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Urol Sect, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Los Angeles, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Urol Sect, Dept Surg, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Freedland, SJ (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Urol Surg, Duke Prostate Ctr,Sch Med, Box 2626, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM steve.freedland@duke.edu OI Terris, Martha/0000-0002-3843-7270 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA100938, P50CA58236, P50 CA92131-01A1, P50 CA092131-01A1, P50 CA092131, R01 CA100938, R01 CA100938-05, P50 CA058236] NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1138 EP 1142 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2007.01.102 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 188KC UT WOS:000247917800027 PM 17572202 ER PT J AU Kehoe, RM Boothe, MA Elsberry, RL AF Kehoe, Ryan M. Boothe, Mark A. Elsberry, Russell L. TI Dynamical tropical cyclone 96- and 120-h track forecast errors in the western North Pacific SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB The Joint Typhoon Warning Center has been issuing 96- and 120-h track forecasts since May 2003. It uses four dynamical models that provide guidance at these forecast intervals and relies heavily on a consensus of these four models in producing the official forecast. Whereas each of the models has skill, each occasionally has large errors. The objective of this study is to provide a characterization of these errors in the western North Pacific during 2004 for two of the four models: the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) and the U. S. Navy's version of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory model (GFDN). All 96- and 120-h track errors greater than 400 and 500 n mi, respectively, are examined following the approach developed recently by Carr and Elsberry. All of these large-error cases can be attributed to the models not properly representing the physical processes known to control tropical cyclone motion, which were classified in a series of conceptual models by Carr and Elsberry for either tropical-related or midlatitude-related mechanisms. For those large-error cases where an error mechanism could be established, midlatitude influences caused 83% (85%) of the NOGAPS (GFDN) errors. The most common tropical influence is an excessive direct cyclone interaction in which the tropical cyclone track is erroneously affected by an adjacent cyclone. The most common midlatitude-related errors in the NOGAPS tracks arise from an erroneous prediction of the environmental flow dominated by a ridge in the midlatitudes. Errors in the GFDN tracks are caused by both ridge-dominated and trough-dominated environmental flows in the midlatitudes. Case studies illustrating the key error mechanisms are provided. An ability to confidently identify these error mechanisms and thereby eliminate likely erroneous tracks from the consensus would improve the accuracy of 96- and 120-h track forecasts. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, MR-Es,Rm 254,589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM elsberry@nps.edu NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 520 EP 538 DI 10.1175/WAF1002.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 182WI UT WOS:000247534300009 ER PT J AU Sampson, CR Knaff, JA Fukada, EM AF Sampson, Charles R. Knaff, John A. Fukada, Edward M. TI Operational evaluation of a selective consensus in the western North Pacific basin SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE PREDICTION SYSTEM; CYCLONE TRACK FORECASTS; MODELS AB The Systematic Approach Forecast Aid (SAFA) has been in use at the Joint Typhoon Warning Center since the 2000 western North Pacific season. SAFA is a system designed for determination of erroneous 72-h track forecasts through identification of predefined error mechanisms associated with numerical weather prediction models. A metric for the process is a selective consensus in which model guidance suspected to have 72-h error greater than 300 n mi (1 n mi = 1.85 km) is first eliminated prior to calculating the average of the remaining model tracks. The resultant selective consensus should then provide improved forecasts over the nonselective consensus. In the 5 yr since its introduction into JTWC operations, forecasters have been unable to produce a selective consensus that provides consistent improved guidance over the nonselective consensus. Also, the rate at which forecasters exercised the selective consensus option dropped from approximately 45% of all forecasts in 2000 to 3% in 2004. C1 NRL, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Joint Typhoon Warning Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Sampson, CR (reprint author), NRL, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sampson@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Sampson, Charles/F-5684-2010; Knaff, John /F-5599-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 671 EP 675 DI 10.1175/WAF991.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 182WI UT WOS:000247534300019 ER PT J AU Kushto, GP Watkins, NJ Makinen, AJ Kafafi, ZH AF Kushto, Gary P. Watkins, Neil J. Maekinen, Antti J. Kafafi, Zakya H. TI Molecular engineering in symmetric end-substituted oligothiophene derivatives: Analysis of condensed-phase photoemission spectra using semiempirical Hartree-Fock calculations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID TUNABLE EMITTING MATERIALS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; THEORETICAL CHARACTERIZATION; CAPPED OLIGOTHIOPHENES; CONJUGATED OLIGOMERS; SOLAR-CELLS; FAMILY; POLYTHIOPHENE; DIFFRACTION; MOIETY AB The electronic structures of two series of end-capped thiophene oligomers, one set containing the electron-deficient dimesitylboryl end-cap and one containing the electron-rich triaryl amine end-cap, have been modeled using semiempirical quantum chemical calculations and the results used to assign features in the photoemission spectra of the materials in the condensed phase. For the thiophene oligomers end-capped with the electron-deficient dimesitylboryl moieties, the energy of the occupied frontier orbitals is largely governed by pi-type orbitals of the thiophene repeat units in the oligothiophene main chain. Conversely, in oligomers end-capped with electron-rich triarylamine moieties, the occupied frontier orbital energies are largely governed by orbital states of heavily mixed character associated with thiophene pi-type systems and the low-lying nitrogen lone pairs of end capping groups. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kushto, GP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gary.kushto@nrl.navy.mil NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 21 BP 5794 EP 5802 DI 10.1021/jp067006g PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 170VU UT WOS:000246695100003 PM 17487995 ER PT J AU von Schenck, H Kumar, N Klug, CA Sinfelt, JH AF von Schenck, Henrik Kumar, Neil Klug, Christopher A. Sinfelt, John H. TI NMR study of the chemisorption and decomposition of methylamine on Rh/SiO2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; EVAPORATED METAL FILMS; SILICA-SUPPORTED RUTHENIUM; CARBON-NITROGEN BOND; PLATINUM CATALYSTS; H-2 NMR; RHODIUM CATALYST; SIMPLE MOLECULES; HYDROGEN; SURFACE AB Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of the interaction of methylamine with the rhodium surface in a Rh/SiO2 catalyst at temperatures in the range of 253-298 K reveal two principal features in both the C-13 and N-15 spectra. One feature is a resonance occurring at a frequency very close to the resonance frequency for methylamine gas. This feature is attributed to methylamine molecules adsorbed without dissociation. Because the methylamine is not removed from the catalyst surface by evacuation to 10(-6) Torr, its interaction with the surface is reasonably strong. The silica support does not retain methylamine after such an evacuation, and therefore, the adsorbed methylamine is associated with the rhodium. The other feature in both the C-13 and N-15 spectra is a very broad resonance occurring downfield of the resonance for the nondissociatively adsorbed methylamine. It is attributed to partially dehydrogenated surface species designated by the generalized formula (CN)H-x. Incipient scission of carbon-nitrogen bonds is observed at room temperature. As the temperature is increased above room temperature, the extent of scission of the carbon-nitrogen bonds increases. Ammonia, methane, and higher-carbon-number hydrocarbons then appear in the gas phase. The nondissociatively adsorbed methylamine is continuously transformed into the species (CN)H-x, thereby releasing hydrogen on the surface. The hydrogen is consumed in the production of the ammonia and methane observed in the gas phase. Ammonia is formed much more readily than methane or the other hydrocarbons, with the result that the species remaining on the surface are rich in carbon relative to nitrogen. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys Mat, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Klug, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM klug@nrl.navy.mil NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 21 BP 7783 EP 7794 DI 10.1021/jp0659251 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 170VX UT WOS:000246695400033 ER PT J AU Bubb, DM Sezer, AO Gripenburg, J Collins, B Brookes, E AF Bubb, D. M. Sezer, A. O. Gripenburg, J. Collins, B. Brookes, E. TI Assessing the effect of the matrix in resonant infrared MAPLE SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Photo-Excited Processes and Applications CY SEP, 2006 CL Charlotteville, VA SP Univ Virginia, US Natl Sci Fdn, US Off Naval Res Global, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerat Fac DE MAPLE; laser processing; polymers ID PULSED-LASER EVAPORATION; ORGANIC OXYGEN COMPOUNDS; POLYMER THIN-FILMS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; HEAT-CAPACITY; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; GLASS-TRANSITION; DEGREES K; DEPOSITION; ABLATION AB The ablation yield of polyethylene glycol is measured as a function of laser pulse energy and polymer molecular weight for both free running and Q-switched Er:YAG lasers. The results show that the deposition rate is dependent on the absorption coefficient in a way that is consistent with the blow-off ablation model but that the linear dependence of the efficiency on laser pulse energy is also consistent with a steady-state ablation model. The results for both lasers are remarkably similar given that the pulse durations are 350 mu s and 85 ns, respectively. Furthermore, polystyrene thin films are deposited as well and it is found that the morphology depends on the THF/MeOH ratios in the matrices. The significance of these results is discussed as well as future directions for this research. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Camden, NJ 08102 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Bubb, DM (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, 227 Penn St, Camden, NJ 08102 USA. EM dbubb@camden.rutgers.edu NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 253 IS 15 SI SI BP 6465 EP 6470 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.01.109 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 178KX UT WOS:000247220700039 ER PT J AU Liu, X Metcalf, TH Mosaner, P Miotello, A AF Liu, Xiao Metcalf, T. H. Mosaner, P. Miotello, A. TI Laser fluence dependence of the elastic properties of diamond-like carbon films prepared by pulsed-laser deposition SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Photo-Excited Processes and Applications CY SEP, 2006 CL Charlottesville, VA SP Univ Virginia, US Natl Sci Fdn, US Off Naval Res Global, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerat Fac DE internal friction; diamond-like carbon; double-paddle oscillator; tunnelling states; internal strain ID TEMPERATURE INTERNAL-FRICTION; THERMAL-EXPANSION COEFFICIENT; LOW-ENERGY EXCITATIONS; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; LOW-STRESS; SOLIDS; ATTENUATION; CONSTANTS AB We studied the temperature dependence of internal friction of variety of amorphous diamond-like carbon films prepared by pulsed-laser deposition. Like the most of amorphous solids, the internal friction below 10 K exhibits a temperature independent plateau, which is caused by the atomic tunnelling states-a measure of structure disorder. In this work, we have varied the concentration of sp(3) versus sp(2) carbon atoms by increasing laser fluence from 1.5 to 30 J/cm(2). Our results show that the internal friction has a nonmonotonic dependence on sp(3)/sp(2) ratio with the values of the internal friction plateaus varying between 6 x 10(-5) and 1.1 x 10(-4). We explain our findings as a result of a possible competition between the increase of atomic bonding and the increase of internal strain in the films, both of which are important in determining the tunneling states in amorphous solids. The importance of the internal strain in diamond-like carbon films is consistent with our previous study on laser fluence, doping, and annealing, which we will review as well. In contrast, no significant dependence of laser fluence is found in shear moduli of the films, which vary between 220 and 250 GPa. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Trent, Dipartimento Fis, I-38050 Trento, Italy. RP Liu, X (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM xiao.liu@nrl.navy.mil NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 253 IS 15 SI SI BP 6480 EP 6486 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.01.021 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 178KX UT WOS:000247220700042 ER PT J AU DeLand, MT Shettle, EP Thomas, GE Olivero, JJ AF DeLand, Matthew T. Shettle, Eric P. Thomas, Gary E. Olivero, John J. TI Latitude-dependent long-term variations in polar mesospheric clouds from SBUV version 3 PMC data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE EXPLORER; NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; GLOBAL CHANGE; OZONE DATA; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; PLANETARY-WAVES; WATER-VAPOR; TEMPERATURE; ICE; VARIABILITY AB [1] Previous studies have suggested that there should be secular trends in polar mesospheric cloud (PMC) occurrence frequency and brightness on decadal timescales and that those trends would be strongest at the lowest latitudes of the PMC existence region. We have analyzed the 27-year PMC data set created from Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV, SBUV/2) satellite instruments for long-term variations in albedo using three latitude bands (50 degrees- 64 degrees, 64 degrees- 74 degrees, 74 degrees- 82 degrees). The improved version 3 data set includes revisions to the PMC detection algorithm to produce more consistent results in all measurement conditions. A detailed error analysis yields an approximate uncertainty of 1 - 2% for seasonally averaged 252-nm albedo values. Adjustments for local time variations in PMC brightness between different satellite data sets were derived to ensure accurate trend calculations. Multiple linear regression fits show that albedo variations are anticorrelated with solar activity in all latitude bands, with a stronger response at high latitudes. The albedo increase from solar maximum to solar minimum ranges from + 2% at 50 degrees- 64 degrees, to + 17% at 74 degrees- 82 degrees N. Secular trends in albedo are positive, with long-term changes over 27 years ranging from + 12% to + 20% depending on hemisphere and latitude. The derived long-term trend in PMC albedo at 50 degrees- 64 degrees is smaller than that of higher latitudes. This result contradicts previous suggestions that PMC brightness changes might be most rapid at low latitudes. The albedo response to solar variations is larger in the Northern Hemisphere, while long-term trends are approximately the same in both hemispheres. C1 Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. RP DeLand, MT (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM matthew_deland@ssaihq.com NR 45 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D10 AR D10315 DI 10.1029/2006JD007857 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 174KV UT WOS:000246941700003 ER PT J AU Zamudio, L Hurlburt, HE Metzger, EJ Tilburg, CE AF Zamudio, Luis Hurlburt, Harley E. Metzger, E. Joseph Tilburg, Charles E. TI Tropical wave-induced oceanic eddies at Cabo Corrientes and the Maria Islands, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL VARIABILITY; SOUTH CHINA SEA; WEST-COAST; CURRENT SYSTEM; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; 1/64-DEGREES RESOLUTION; BOUNDARY CURRENT; JAPAN/EAST SEA; PACIFIC-OCEAN; EL-NINO AB [1] TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS-2 satellite altimeter observations and the 1/16 degrees Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Layered Ocean Model (NLOM) show the existence of anticyclonic eddies in the Cabo Corrientes - Maria Islands region off the Mexican West Coast. Analysis of the results demonstrates that: ( 1) The Cabo Corrientes - Maria Islands region is characterized by mean poleward coastal currents, driven by local wind forcing. ( 2) The local currents are intensified by the arrival of baroclinic downwelling coastally trapped waves (CTWs), generated in the equatorial Pacific. ( 3) Anticyclonic eddies are generated as the intensified local currents pass cape-like features in the coastline or shelf-break geometry. ( 4) From 1979 to 2001 the CTWs generated an average of 2.35 (2.5) Cabo Corrientes (Maria Islands) anticyclonic eddies per year. ( 5) The formation of eddies varies interannually, increasing ( decreasing) during El Nino ( La Nina) years. Comparison of a variety of numerical simulations, which include different dynamics and/or different wind forcing and/or different topographic effects, suggests that bottom topography, local wind, and baroclinic instabilities are not essential for the eddy generation. It is ( a) the capes at Cabo Corrientes and the Maria Islands and (b) the strong transient events associated with the CTWs that are essential to the formation of these newly recognized eddies. C1 Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ New England, Dept Chem & Phys, Biddeford, ME USA. RP Zamudio, L (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM luis.zamudio@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 65 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C5 AR C05048 DI 10.1029/2006JC004018 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 174NC UT WOS:000246948000003 ER PT J AU Sampath, R Russell, KL Massire, C Eshoo, MW Harpin, V Blyn, LB Melton, R Ivy, C Pennella, T Li, F Levene, H Hall, TA Libby, B Fan, N Walcott, DJ Ranken, R Pear, M Schink, A Gutierrez, J Drader, J Moore, D Metzgar, D Addington, L Rothman, R Gaydos, CA Yang, S St George, K Fuschino, ME Dean, AB Stallknecht, DE Goekjian, G Yingst, S Monteville, M Saad, MD Whitehouse, CA Baldwin, C Rudnick, KH Hofstadler, SA Lemon, SM Ecker, DJ AF Sampath, Rangarajan Russell, Kevin L. Massire, Christian Eshoo, Mark W. Harpin, Vanessa Blyn, Lawrence B. Melton, Rachael Ivy, Cristina Pennella, Thuy Li, Feng Levene, Harold Hall, Thomas A. Libby, Brian Fan, Nancy Walcott, Demetrius J. Ranken, Raymond Pear, Michael Schink, Amy Gutierrez, Jose Drader, Jared Moore, David Metzgar, David Addington, Lynda Rothman, Richard Gaydos, Charlotte A. Yang, Samuel St. George, Kirsten Fuschino, Meghan E. Dean, Amy B. Stallknecht, David E. Goekjian, Ginger Yingst, Samuel Monteville, Marshall Saad, Magdi D. Whitehouse, Chris A. Baldwin, Carson Rudnick, Karl H. Hofstadler, Steven A. Lemon, Stanley M. Ecker, David J. TI Global Surveillance of Emerging Influenza Virus Genotypes by Mass Spectrometry SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background. Effective influenza surveillance requires new methods capable of rapid and inexpensive genomic analysis of evolving viral species for pandemic preparedness, to understand the evolution of circulating viral species, and for vaccine strain selection. We have developed one such approach based on previously described broad-range reverse transcription PCR/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (RT-PCR/ESI-MS) technology. Methods and Principal Findings. Analysis of base compositions of RT-PCR amplicons from influenza core gene segments (PB1, PB2, PA, M, NS, NP) are used to provide subspecies identification and infer influenza virus H and N subtypes. Using this approach, we detected and correctly identified 92 mammalian and avian influenza isolates, representing 30 different H and N types, including 29 avian H5N1 isolates. Further, direct analysis of 656 human clinical respiratory specimens collected over a seven-year period (1999-2006) showed correct identification of the viral species and subtypes with >97% sensitivity and specificity. Base composition derived clusters inferred from this analysis showed 100% concordance to previously established clades. Ongoing surveillance of samples from the recent influenza virus seasons (2005-2006) showed evidence for emergence and establishment of new genotypes of circulating H3N2 strains worldwide. Mixed viral quasispecies were found in approximately 1% of these recent samples providing a view into viral evolution. Conclusion/Significance. Thus, rapid RT-PCR/ESI-MS analysis can be used to simultaneously identify all species of influenza viruses with clade-level resolution, identify mixed viral populations and monitor global spread and emergence of novel viral genotypes. This high-throughput method promises to become an integral component of influenza surveillance. C1 [Sampath, Rangarajan; Massire, Christian; Eshoo, Mark W.; Harpin, Vanessa; Blyn, Lawrence B.; Melton, Rachael; Ivy, Cristina; Pennella, Thuy; Li, Feng; Levene, Harold; Hall, Thomas A.; Libby, Brian; Fan, Nancy; Walcott, Demetrius J.; Ranken, Raymond; Pear, Michael; Schink, Amy; Gutierrez, Jose; Drader, Jared; Moore, David; Hofstadler, Steven A.; Ecker, David J.] Ibis Biosci Inc, Carlsbad, CA USA. [Russell, Kevin L.; Metzgar, David; Addington, Lynda] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Resp Dis Lab, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Rothman, Richard; Gaydos, Charlotte A.; Yang, Samuel] Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Emergency Med & Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [St. George, Kirsten; Fuschino, Meghan E.; Dean, Amy B.] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. [Stallknecht, David E.; Goekjian, Ginger] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA USA. [Yingst, Samuel; Monteville, Marshall; Saad, Magdi D.] Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Whitehouse, Chris A.; Baldwin, Carson] USA, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Rudnick, Karl H.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Lemon, Stanley M.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Inst Human Infect & Immun, Galveston, TX USA. RP Sampath, R (reprint author), Ibis Biosci Inc, Carlsbad, CA USA. EM rsampath@ibisbio.com RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010; Saad, Magdi/H-5561-2013; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Saad, Magdi/0000-0003-2111-8115; Rothman, Richard/0000-0002-1017-9505 FU DARPA; U.S. Department of Defense; CDC [R01-CI-000099]; NIAID, NIH [IUCIAI067232-01] FX The RT-PCR/ESI-MS technology development was funded by DARPA, a division of the U.S. Department of Defense. Funding from the CDC and NIAID supported the influenza surveillance assay development and screening described here. The sponsors had no role in the design, implementation or conlusions of the assay.; The author thank the CDC (Extramural Grant: R01-CI-000099) and NIAID (NIH Grant IUCIAI067232-01) for financial support. NR 26 TC 87 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 5 AR e489 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000489 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10FB UT WOS:000207448800019 PM 17534439 ER PT J AU Bogoslovov, RB Roland, CM Gamache, RM AF Bogoslovov, R. B. Roland, C. M. Gamache, R. M. TI Impact-induced glass transition in elastomeric coatings SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; POLYUREA AB Polybutadiene (PB) has a low glass temperature T-g and exhibits rubbery behavior during mechanical perturbation. The corresponding PB-based polyurea (PU) has a higher T-g and fails in a brittle mode for high strain rates. However, unlike in glasses, this brittle failure is accompanied by large energy dissipation. Dielectric relaxation measurements demonstrate that whereas the PB segmental dynamics are faster than the strain rate during impact loading, for PU these motions are on the order of the strain rate, similar to 10(5) s(-1). Consequently, impact induces a transition to the glassy state, with the accompanying response markedly different from that of a rubber. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Bogoslovov, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mike.roland@nrl.navy.mil RI Bogoslovov, Radoslav/B-9137-2008; He, Yong/F-8752-2012 NR 8 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 22 AR 221910 DI 10.1063/1.2745212 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 173ZB UT WOS:000246909900027 ER PT J AU Li, JV Chuang, SL Aifer, E Jackson, EM AF Li, Jian V. Chuang, Shun Lien Aifer, Edward Jackson, Eric M. TI Surface recombination velocity reduction in type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodiodes due to ammonium sulfide passivation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INAS/GA1-XINXSB SUPERLATTICE; INFRARED PHOTODIODES; ELECTRONS AB The surface recombination velocity (SRV) of minority electrons in a type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodiode is quantitatively investigated using the electron beam induced current technique and its value used to evaluate the effects of two different passivation methods. Before passivation, the SRV was determined to be (5.0 +/- 0.2)x10(4) cm/s. The SRVs of two samples passivated at room temperature are compared with that of the unpassivated sample. One passivation method, using a neutralized (NH4)(2)S solution for 60 min, reduces the SRV by a factor of 2. The other passivation method, using 4% (NH4)(2)S solution for 30 min, reduces the SRV by more than one order of magnitude. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Li, JV (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM s-chuang@uiuc.edu RI Li, Jian/B-1627-2016 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 22 AR 223503 DI 10.1063/1.2743905 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 173ZB UT WOS:000246909900081 ER PT J AU Ryan, P Wermeille, D Kim, JW Woicik, JC Hellberg, CS Li, H AF Ryan, P. Wermeille, D. Kim, J. W. Woicik, J. C. Hellberg, C. S. Li, H. TI Domain ordering of strained 5 ML SrTiO3 films on Si(001) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; SURFACES; SILICON AB High resolution x-ray diffraction data indicate ordered square shaped coherent domains, similar to 1200 angstrom in length, coexisting with longer, similar to 9500 angstrom correlated regions in highly strained 5 ML SrTiO3 films grown on Si(001). These long range film structures are due to the Si substrate terraces defined by the surface step morphology. The silicon surface "step pattern" is comprised of an "intrinsic" terrace length from strain relaxation and a longer "extrinsic" interstep distance due to the surface miscut. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, MU CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Motorola Labs, Embedded Syst Res, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP Ryan, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, MU CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM pryan@mu.aps.anl.gov RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 22 AR 221908 DI 10.1063/1.2744478 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 173ZB UT WOS:000246909900025 ER PT J AU Leung, FYT Logan, JA Park, R Hyer, E Kasischke, E Streets, D Yurganov, L AF Leung, Fok-Yan T. Logan, Jennifer A. Park, Rokjin Hyer, Edward Kasischke, Eric Streets, David Yurganov, Leonid TI Impacts of enhanced biomass burning in the boreal forests in 1998 on tropospheric chemistry and the sensitivity of model results to the injection height of emissions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LAYER EXPEDITION ABLE-3A; CARBON-MONOXIDE; FIRE EMISSIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; NITROGEN-OXIDES; FLIGHT SERIES; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; ART.; TRANSPORT AB [1] Carbon monoxide reached record high levels in the northern extratropics in the late summer and fall of 1998 as a result of anomalously large boreal fires in eastern Russia and North America. We investigated the effects of these fires on CO and tropospheric oxidants using a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) and two independently derived inventories for the fire emissions that differ by a factor of two. We find that it is essential to use both surface and column observations of CO to constrain the magnitude of the fire emissions and their injection altitude. Our results show that the larger of the two inventories appears more reliable and that about half of the emissions were injected above the boundary layer. The boreal fire emissions cause a much larger enhancement in ozone when about half the emissions are released above the boundary layer than when they are released exclusively in the boundary layer, as a consequence of the role of PAN as a source of NOx as air descends in regions far from the fires. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Leung, FYT (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM fyl@io.harvard.edu RI Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Park, Rokjin/I-5055-2012; OI Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Park, Rokjin/0000-0001-8922-0234; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 62 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 26 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D10 AR D10313 DI 10.1029/2006JD008132 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 173AV UT WOS:000246846800013 ER PT J AU McCafferty, E AF McCafferty, E. TI Standard electrode potentials of the elements as a fundamental periodic property of atomic number SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE standard electrode potential; periodic property; atomic number; thermodynamic cycle; ionization ID IONS; HYDRATION; HYDROGEN; WATER AB It is shown that the standard electrode potentials of the elements are a periodic property of the atomic number. The experimentally measured standard electrode potential of an element is related to fundamental elemental properties through a thermodynamic cycle. Metal atoms are first atomized to the vapor phase, are then ionized to form gaseous ions, and are then hydrated to form an ion-water cluster, which is next introduced into the aqueous solution. The standard electrode potential calculated from such a cycle is in good agreement with standard values for univalent, divalent and trivalent metal ions. It is shown that the periodicity in the standard electrode potential as a function of atomic number arises from the periodicity in the enthalpy term which is used to calculate standard electrode potentials from the equivalent thermodynamic cycle. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP McCafferty, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Code 6134, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mccafferty@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 52 IS 19 BP 5884 EP 5890 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.03.022 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 174YM UT WOS:000246978800016 ER PT J AU Pande, CS Imam, MA AF Pande, C. S. Imam, M. A. TI Nucleation and growth kinetics in high strength low carbon ferrous alloys SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE small angle neutron scattering (SANS); copper precipitation; high strength low alloy steel (HSLA); transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; FE-CU ALLOY; ALPHA IRON; COPPER; PRECIPITATION; STEEL; NI; IRRADIATION AB Nucleation and growth kinetics, and age hardening behavior in high strength, low carbon ferrous alloy containing 1.2 wt% copper and a model alloy, Fe-1.2%Cu, have been studied with and without the presence of carbides. It is well known that after austenization and quenching, Cu is retained in solid solution. During subsequent aging, Cu initially appears as a coherent nanometer size spherical precipitates. These precipitates, difficult to detect by conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM), have been evaluated by small angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. Longer aging transforms the Cu precipitates into incoherent particles which are easily detected by conventional TEM. A combination of techniques such as TEM, SANS, and hardness measurements have been used to study nucleation and growth kinetics of copper in both alloy systems. Direct measurement from TEM micrographs and integral transform of the SANS data were used to calculate the size distribution for a variety of aging conditions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pande, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pande@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 30 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 457 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.12.043 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 164ES UT WOS:000246216900011 ER PT J AU Haza, AC Griffa, A Martin, P Molcard, A Ozgokmen, TM Poje, AC Barbanti, R Book, JW Poulain, PM Rixen, M Zanasca, P AF Haza, A. C. Griffa, A. Martin, P. Molcard, A. Ozgoekmen, T. M. Poje, A. C. Barbanti, R. Book, J. W. Poulain, P. M. Rixen, M. Zanasca, P. TI Model-based directed drifter launches in the Adriatic Sea: Results from the DART experiment SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS; APERIODIC FLOWS AB A high-resolution numerical model of the Adriatic Sea is used to predict Lagrangian coherent structure boundaries, quantified by finite-size Lyapunov exponents (FSLE), for flow features in the region of the Gargano Peninsula during the course of the Dynamics of the Adriatic in Real Time (DART) observational program. FSLE fields computed from two-day model forecasts of the surface velocity indicate distinct regions of high relative drifter dispersion. Model predictions of such regions located on available ship-tracks were used to direct the launching of pairs of surface drifters on three days during March 2006, with the goal of maximize coverage of the sampling area. For two of the three launches, the observed trajectories separated at locations and along directions closely approximated by those predicted from the model FSLE fields. The third case acted as an inadvertent control experiment. Model predictions at release-time showed minimal FSLE structure at the launch locations and the observed drifter pair advected in a coherent fashion for two days. While there are considerable differences between individual drifter observations and trajectory envelopes computed from ensembles of synthetic drifters, the experiment confirms the model's ability to approximate the location and shape of energetic flow features controlling the near-time fate of quasi-Lagrangian particles. Overall, the combined use of FSLEs with realistic coastal circulation models appears to be a promising avenue to aid real-time-directed drifter launches in observational programs. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. CNR, Ist Sci Marine, I-19036 La Spezia, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Ocean Dynam & Predict Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Toulon & Var, Lab Sondage Environm Electromagnet Terr, Toulon, France. CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Math, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. Ist Nazl Oceanog & Geofis Sperimentale, I-34010 Trieste, Italy. NATO Undersea Res Ctr, I-19126 La Spezia, Italy. RP Haza, AC (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM tozgokmen@rsmas.miami.edu RI CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014 OI CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486 NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 23 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 10 AR L10605 DI 10.1029/2007GL029634 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 173AK UT WOS:000246845700003 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Capaccioli, S AF Ngai, K. L. Capaccioli, S. TI On the relevance of the coupling model to experiments SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Nonequilibrium Phenomena in Supercooled Fluids, Glasses and Amorphous Materials CY SEP 17-22, 2006 CL Pisa, ITALY SP Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Superiore ID MISCIBLE POLYMER BLENDS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURES; SUPERCOOLED O-TERPHENYL; NEUTRON SPIN-ECHO; COMPONENT DYNAMICS; SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; BETA-RELAXATIONS; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) AB The research field of the glass transition is experimentally driven. There is an abundance of experimental data and facts accumulated in the past as well as the emergence of important new results every now and then. Therefore, when judging theories and models of the glass transition, it is fair to ask the question of their relevance to experiments. This question was one of the themes of a round-table discussion session entitled An assessment of current theories: interconnections and relevance to experiments, organized at the 4th Workshop on Non-equilibrium Phenomena in Supercooled Fluids, Glasses and Amorphous Materials (4th WNEP). The coupling model has a history of making connections of its theoretical results with many experimental facts on dynamics of glassforming substances. This characteristic of the coupling model is demonstrated herein by using it to explain or rationalize some of the new experimental data reported at the 4th WNEP and published in this volume and elsewhere. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. CNR, INFM, CRS SOFT, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012 OI Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918 NR 119 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAY 23 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 20 AR 205114 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/20/205114 PG 25 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 169BM UT WOS:000246567700015 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Casalini, R AF Roland, C. M. Casalini, R. TI Entropy basis for the thermodynamic scaling of the dynamics of o-terphenyl SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Nonequilibrium Phenomena in Supercooled Fluids, Glasses and Amorphous Materials CY SEP 17-22, 2006 CL Pisa, ITALY SP Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Superiore ID SUPERCOOLED ORTHO-TERPHENYL; GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; RELAXATION-TIME; TEMPERATURE; PRESSURE; POLYMERS; DENSITY; MODEL; HETEROGENEITY AB Structural relaxation times and viscosities for non-associated liquids and polymers are a unique function of the product of temperature, T, times specific volume, V, with the latter raised to a constant,gamma(tau). Similarly, for both neat o-terphenyl (OTP) and a mixture, the entropy for different T and pressure, P, collapses to a single curve when expressed versus TV gamma S, with the scaling exponent for the entropy essentially equal to the thermodynamic Gruneisen parameter. Since the entropy includes contributions from motions such as vibrations and secondary relaxations, which do not affect structural relaxation,gamma S < gamma(tau). We show herein that removal of these contributions gives a satisfactory account of the magnitude of gamma(tau). Moreover, the relaxation times of OTP are found to be uniquely defined by the entropy, after subtraction from the latter of a V-independent component. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAY 23 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 20 AR 205118 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/20/205118 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 169BM UT WOS:000246567700019 ER PT J AU Lu, ML Conant, WC Jonsson, HH Varutbangkul, V Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH AF Lu, Miao-Ling Conant, William C. Jonsson, Haflidi H. Varutbangkul, Varuntida Flagan, Richard C. Seinfeld, John H. TI The Marine Stratus/Stratocumulus Experiment (MASE): Aerosol-cloud relationships in marine stratocumulus SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; LIQUID WATER PATH; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; NUMBER CONCENTRATION; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; SULFATE AEROSOLS; OPTICAL DEPTH; DRIZZLE AB [1] The Marine Stratus/Stratocumulus Experiment (MASE) field campaign was undertaken in July 2005 off the coast of Monterey, California to evaluate aerosol-cloud relationships in the climatically important regime of eastern Pacific marine stratocumulus. Aerosol and cloud properties were measured onboard the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter aircraft. One cloud that was clearly impacted by ship emissions as well as the ensemble of clouds observed over the entire mission are analyzed in detail. Results at both the individual and ensemble scales clearly confirm the Twomey effect ( first indirect effect of aerosols) and demonstrate drizzle suppression at elevated aerosol number concentration. For the ship track impacted cloud, suppressed drizzle in the track led to a larger cloud liquid water path (LWP) at the same cloud thickness, in accord with the so-called second indirect effect. Ensemble averages over all clouds sampled over the entire 13-flight mission show the opposite effect of aerosol number concentration on LWP, presumably the result of other dynamic influences ( e. g., updraft velocity and ambient sounding profile). Individual polluted clouds were found to exhibit a narrower cloud drop spectral width in accord with theoretical prediction (M.-L. Lu and J. H. Seinfeld, Effect of aerosol number concentration on cloud droplet dispersion: A large-eddy simulation study and implications for aerosol indirect forcing, Journal of Geophysical Research, 2006). This field experiment demonstrates both the indirect aerosol effect on ship track perturbed clouds, as well as the subtleties involved in extracting these effects over an ensemble of clouds sampled over a 1-month period. C1 CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Lu, ML (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, 1200 E Calif Blvd,Mail Code 210-41, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM seinfield@caltech.edu NR 53 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 22 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D10 AR D10209 DI 10.1029/2006JD007985 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 173AQ UT WOS:000246846300008 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Barron, CN AF Kara, A. B. Barron, C. N. TI Fine-resolution satellite-based daily sea surface temperatures over the global ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OBSERVING SYSTEM; WARM POOL; CLIMATE; PREDICTABILITY; INTERPOLATION; VALIDATION; CONVECTION; SITU AB [1] The accuracy and relative merits of two sets of daily global sea surface temperature (SST) analyses are examined and compared. The 1/8 degrees Modular Ocean Data Analysis System (MODAS) of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is based only on infrared satellite retrievals. The 1/2 degrees Real-Time, Global (RTG) SST analysis of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) supplements infrared satellite observations with ship and buoy data. The accuracy of both products is reported, providing potential users of either data set a common basis to assess the strengths and weaknesses of either product. Differences between the two show the impact of horizontal resolution, inclusion of source data streams, and different assumptions regarding error covariances. The global average of the root-mean-square (RMS) SST difference between MODAS and RTG is found to be 0.51 degrees C, with almost no mean bias. A global set of yearlong daily SST time series from moored buoys during 2002-2005 provides extensive validation data for this study. Comparisons at the locations of these 420 yearlong time series give a median RMS SST difference of 0.40 degrees C between MODAS and RTG. RMS error relative to the buoy observations is comparable, 0.38 degrees C for MODAS and 0.36 degrees C for RTG. The seasonal cycle of SST is well produced by both products with respect to the buoys with a median correlation coefficient of 0.94 for both products. Overall, higher resolution is an advantage for MODAS in improving pattern of daily SSTs, while including in situ SSTs is an advantage for RTG. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Kara, AB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM birol.kara@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008 NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 22 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C5 AR C05041 DI 10.1029/2006JC004021 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 173BM UT WOS:000246848500001 ER PT J AU Moore, RC Inan, US Bell, TF Kennedy, EJ AF Moore, R. C. Inan, U. S. Bell, T. F. Kennedy, E. J. TI ELF waves generated by modulated HF heating of the auroral electrojet and observed at a ground distance of similar to 4400 km SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT SYSTEM; VLF; RADIATION; IONOSPHERE; EVENTS; SIGNALS; ANTENNA AB [1] We present calibrated measurements of ELF waves generated by modulated HF heating of the auroral electrojet by the High frequency Active Auroral Research Program ( HAARP) HF transmitter in Gakona, Alaska, and detected after propagating more than 4400 km in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide to Midway Atoll. The magnitude of the 2125 Hz wave received at Midway Atoll is consistent with the radiation from a horizontal dipole located at the altitude of the maximum Hall conductivity variation (created by modulated HF heating) and radiating similar to 4-32 W. The HF-ELF conversion efficiency at HAARP is thus estimated to be similar to 0.0004-0.0032% for the 2125 Hz wave generated using sinusoidal amplitude modulation. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moore, RC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 319 Benton Hall,POB 116200, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM robert.moore@gmail.com NR 25 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 22 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A5 AR A05309 DI 10.1029/2006JA012063 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 173CA UT WOS:000246849900002 ER PT J AU Alldredge, LMB Chang, W Qadri, SB Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM AF Alldredge, L. M. B. Chang, Wontae Qadri, Syed B. Kirchoefer, Steven W. Pond, Jeffrey M. TI Ferroelectric and paraelectric Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 film structure distortions at room temperature and their effects on tunable microwave properties SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TITANATE THIN-FILMS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; TUNABILITY; CONSTANT; STRESSES; STRAIN AB Sputter-deposited Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 films on (001) MgO were characterized for their dielectric properties with different lattice structures. With varying Ar:O-2 ratios during deposition, the films showed either in-plane (c < a) or out-of-plane (c>a) tetragonal distortions, significantly affecting the dielectric constant and tunability. The dielectric constant exhibited clear hysteresis with dc bias at room temperature, indicating that the films were ferroelectric. The relationship between the dielectric properties and the distortions was the reverse of that observed in films deposited by pulsed laser deposition. The anisotropic in-plane dielectric behavior can be understood by relating polarization to film distortions and to the presence of permanent dipoles. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Alldredge, LMB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lisa.alldredge@nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 21 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 21 AR 212901 DI 10.1063/1.2741610 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 172AG UT WOS:000246775900058 ER PT J AU Heil, TM Wahl, KJ Lewis, AC Mattison, JD Willard, MA AF Heil, T. M. Wahl, K. J. Lewis, A. C. Mattison, J. D. Willard, M. A. TI Nanocrystalline soft magnetic ribbons with high relative strain at fracture SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BULK AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; METALLIC GLASSES; PLASTICITY; BEHAVIOR; ZR AB Melt-spun nanocrystalline/amorphous composite ribbons (e.g., Finemet and Nanoperm) have excellent soft magnetic properties but are notoriously brittle after crystallization. In this letter, the authors present their findings of increased relative strain at fracture in Co-rich nanocomposite soft magnetic ribbons compared to conventional nanocomposite ribbons. Bending tests of the Co-rich ribbons show relative strain at fracture values more than twice as high as a Nanoperm ribbon. These Co-rich alloys have excellent soft magnetic properties with potential for high temperature applications. A (Co0.90Fe0.08Ni0.02)(88)Zr7B4Cu1 ribbon annealed at 823 K for 3600 s has a high saturation magnetization of 131 A m(2)/kg and a low coercivity of 8 A/m. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Clark Atlanta Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. RP Heil, TM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6355, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM willard@anvil.nl.navy.mil RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 21 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 21 AR 212508 DI 10.1063/1.2742598 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 172AG UT WOS:000246775900055 ER PT J AU Le, T Dermer, CD AF Le, Truong Dermer, Charles D. TI On the redshift distribution of gamma-ray bursts in the Swift era SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; gamma rays : bursts ID STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; VIEWING ANGLE; NUMBER COUNTS; COSMIC-RAYS; JET MODEL; EVOLUTION; STATISTICS; AFTERGLOWS; SUPERNOVAE AB A simple physical model for long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is used to fit the redshift (z) and the jet opening angle distributions measured with earlier GRB missions and with Swift. The effect of different sensitivities for GRB triggering is sufficient to explain the difference in the z distributions of the pre-Swift and Swift samples, with mean redshifts of < z > congruent to 1.5 and < z > congruent to 2.7, respectively. Assuming that the emission properties of GRBs do not change with time, we find that the data can only be fitted if the comoving rate density of GRB sources exhibits positive evolution to z greater than or similar to 3-5. The mean intrinsic beaming factor of GRBs is found to range from approximate to 34 to 42, with the Swift average opening half-angle similar to 10 degrees, compared to the pre-Swift average of similar to 7 degrees. Within the uniform jet model, the GRB luminosity function is proportional to L-*(-3.25) , as inferred from our best fit to the opening angle distribution. Because of the unlikely detection of several GRBs with z less than or similar to 0.25, our analysis indicates that low-redshift GRBs represent a different population of GRBs than those detected at higher redshifts. Neglecting possible metallicity effects on GRB host galaxies, we find that approximate to 1 GRB occurs every 600,000 yr in a local L-* spiral galaxy like the Milky Way. The fraction of high-redshift GRBs is estimated at 8%-12% and 2.5%-6% at z >= 5 and z >= 7, respectively, assuming continued positive evolution of the GRB rate density to high redshifts. C1 USN, Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Le, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM truong.le@nrl.navy.mil; dermer@gamma.nrl.navy.mil NR 69 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2007 VL 661 IS 1 BP 394 EP 415 DI 10.1086/513460 PN 1 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 169EE UT WOS:000246574700035 ER PT J AU Le, T Becker, PA AF Le, Truong Becker, Peter A. TI Particle acceleration in advection-dominated accretion disks with shocks: Green's function energy distribution SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; galaxies : jets; hydrodynamics ID BLACK-HOLE ACCRETION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; COSMIC-RAY TRANSPORT; STANDING SHOCKS; RELATIVISTIC OUTFLOWS; ISOTHERMAL SHOCKS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; GAMMA-RAYS; COLD MEDIA; X-RAY AB The distribution function describing the acceleration of relativistic particles in an advection-dominated accretion disk is analyzed using a transport formalism that includes first-order Fermi acceleration, advection, spatial diffusion, and the escape of particles through the upper and lower surfaces of the disk. When a centrifugally supported shock is present in the disk, the concentrated particle acceleration occurring in the vicinity of the shock channels a significant fraction of the binding energy of the accreting gas into a population of relativistic particles. These high-energy particles diffuse vertically through the disk and escape, carrying away both energy and entropy and allowing the remaining gas to accrete. The dynamical structure of the disk/shock system is computed self-consistently using a model previously developed by the authors that successfully accounts for the production of the observed relativistic outflows ( jets) in M87 and Sgr A*. This ensures that the rate at which energy is carried away from the disk by the escaping relativistic particles is equal to the drop in the radial energy flux at the shock location, as is required for energy conservation. We investigate the influence of advection, diffusion, and acceleration on the particle distribution by computing the nonthermal Green's function, which displays a relatively flat power-law tail at high energies. We also obtain the energy distribution for the particles escaping from the disk, and we conclude by discussing the spectrum of the observable secondary radiation produced by the escaping particles. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Le, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM truong.le@nrl.navy.mil; pbecker@gmu.edu NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2007 VL 661 IS 1 BP 416 EP 429 DI 10.1086/512851 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 169EE UT WOS:000246574700036 ER PT J AU Hajian, AR Behr, BB Cenko, AT Olling, RP Mozurkewich, D Armstrong, JT Pohl, B Petrossian, S Knuth, KH Hindsley, RB Murison, M Efroimsky, M Dantowitz, R Kozubal, M Currie, DG Nordgren, TE Tycner, C McMillan, RS AF Hajian, Arsen R. Behr, Bradford B. Cenko, Andrew T. Olling, Robert P. Mozurkewich, David Armstrong, J. Thomas Pohl, Brian Petrossian, Sevan Knuth, Kevin H. Hindsley, Robert B. Murison, Marc Efroimsky, Michael Dantowitz, Ronald Kozubal, Marek Currie, Douglas G. Nordgren, Tyler E. Tycner, Christopher McMillan, Robert S. TI Initial results from the usno dispersed Fourier transform spectrograph SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : spectroscopic; instrumentation : interferometers; instrumentation : spectrographs; planetary systems; techniques : interferometric ID STELLAR SPECTRA; SPACED DATA; CONSTRAINTS; PARAMETERS; PRECISION; CATALOG; LINES AB We have designed and constructed a '' dispersed Fourier transform spectrometer '' (dFTS), consisting of a conventional FTS followed by a grating spectrometer. By combining these two devices, we negate a substantial fraction of the sensitivity disadvantage of a conventional FTS for high-resolution, broadband, optical spectroscopy, while preserving many of the advantages inherent to interferometric spectrometers. In addition, we have implemented a simple and inexpensive laser metrology system, which enables very precise calibration of the interferometer wavelength scale. The fusion of interferometric and dispersive technologies with a laser metrology system yields an instrument well suited to stellar spectroscopy, velocimetry, and extrasolar planet detection, which is competitive with existing high- resolution, high- accuracy stellar spectrometers. In this paper we describe the design of our prototype dFTS, explain the algorithm we use to efficiently reconstruct a broadband spectrum from a sequence of narrowband interferograms, and present initial observations and resulting velocimetry of stellar targets. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Seabrook Engn, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NVI Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Dexter & Southfield Sch, Clay Ctr Observ, Brookline, MA 02445 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Redlands, Dept Phys, Redlands, CA 92373 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Hajian, AR (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM hajian@usno.navy.mil; bbb@usno.navy.mil; atc@usno.navy.mil; olling@astro.umd.edu; dave@mozurkewich.com; tom.armstrong@nrl.navy.mil; bpohl@physics.unc.edu; spetrossian@excelgov.org; kknuth@albany.edu; hindsley@nrl.navy.mil; murison@usno.navy.mil; me@usno.navy.mil; dantowitz@dexter.org; marek@portents.com; currie@umd.edu; tyler_nordgren@redlands.edu; tycner@nofs.navy.mil; bob@lpl.arizona.edu OI Efroimsky, Michael/0000-0003-1249-9622 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2007 VL 661 IS 1 BP 616 EP 633 DI 10.1086/513181 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 169EE UT WOS:000246574700057 ER PT J AU Fulle, M Leblanc, F Harrison, RA Davis, CJ Eyles, CJ Halain, JP Howard, RA Bockelee-Morvan, D Cremonese, G Scarmato, T AF Fulle, M. Leblanc, F. Harrison, R. A. Davis, C. J. Eyles, C. J. Halain, J. P. Howard, R. A. Bockelee-Morvan, D. Cremonese, G. Scarmato, T. TI Discovery of the atomic iron tail of comet McNaught using the Heliospheric Imager on STEREO SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; comets : general; comets : individual (McNaught 2006P1) ID MERCURY; LINES AB In 2007 January, at the heliocentric distance r < 0.3 AU, comet McNaught 2006P1 became the brightest comet since C/Ikeya-Seki 1965S1 and was continuously monitored by space-based solar observatories. We provide strong evidence that an archlike tail observed by the Heliospheric Imager aboard the STEREO spacecraft is the first ever detected tail composed of neutral Fe atoms. We obtain an Fe lifetime tau = (4.1 +/- 0.4) x 10(4) s at r = 0.25 AU, in agreement with theoretical predictions of the photoionization lifetime. The expected dust temperature is inconsistent with iron sublimation, suggesting that Fe atoms are coming from troilite evaporation. C1 Osserv Astron Trieste, INAF, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. CNRS, IPSL, Serv Aeron, F-91371 Verrieres Le Buisson, France. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Ctr Spatial Liege, Liege, Belgium. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. Osserv Astron Padova, INAF, Padua, Italy. UAI CARA, San Costantino Di Briati, VV, Italy. RP Fulle, M (reprint author), Osserv Astron Trieste, INAF, Via Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. RI Scott, Christopher/H-8664-2012; OI Scott, Christopher/0000-0001-6411-5649; Cremonese, Gabriele/0000-0001-9021-1140; fulle, marco/0000-0001-8435-5287 NR 28 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2007 VL 661 IS 1 BP L93 EP L96 DI 10.1086/518719 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 169EH UT WOS:000246575000024 ER PT J AU Martins, GHA Dell, RF AF Martins, Gustavo H. A. Dell, Robert F. TI The minimum size instance of a Pallet Loading Problem equivalence class SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE packing; Pallet Loading Problem ID ALGORITHM AB The Pallet Loading Problem (PLP) maximizes the number of identical rectangular boxes placed within a rectangular pallet. Boxes may be rotated 90 degrees so long as they are packed with edges parallel to the pallet's edges, i.e., in an orthogonal packing. This paper defines the Minimum Size Instance (MSI) of an equivalence class of PLP, and shows that every class has one and only one MSI. We develop bounds on the dimensions of box and pallet for the MSI of any class. Applying our new bounds on MSI dimensions, we present an algorithm for MSI generation and use it to enumerate all 3,080,730 equivalence classes with an area ratio (pallet area divided by box area) smaller than 101 boxes. Previous work only provides bounds on the ratio of box dimensions and only considers a subset of all classes presented here. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Operat Res Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Brazilian Navy, Ctr Naval Syst Anal, BR-20000 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Dell, RF (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Operat Res Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dell@nps.edu NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 EI 1872-6860 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD MAY 16 PY 2007 VL 179 IS 1 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.ejor.2006.03.009 PG 10 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 122UQ UT WOS:000243253000002 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Ivanov, LM Melnichenko, OV Wells, NC AF Chu, P. C. Ivanov, L. M. Melnichenko, O. V. Wells, N. C. TI On long baroclinic Rossby waves in the tropical North Atlantic observed from profiling floats SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC; DEEP CURRENTS; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; OCEAN; MODEL; FLOW; PROPAGATION; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORTS; ALTIMETER AB [1] Argo float data ( subsurface tracks and temperature profiles collected from March 2004 through May 2005) are used to detect signatures of long Rossby waves in the velocity of the currents at 1000-m depth and temperature, between the ocean surface and 950 m, in the zonal band of 4 degrees N - 24 degrees N in the tropical North Atlantic. Different types of long Rossby waves ( with the characteristic scales between 1000 and 2500 km) are identified in the western [ west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge ( MAR)] and eastern [ east of the MAR] subbasins. Along-shore wind fluctuations and an equatorially forced coastal Kelvin wave were found to be responsible for the excitation of annual- and semiannual-propagating Rossby waves in the eastern subbasin. These waves are transmitted along a waveguide formed by the African shelf and the MAR. The speed of their propagation varies in magnitude and direction because of bottom topography and irregularity of the coastline. Unstable standing Rossby waves with annual and semiannual periods are shown in both the subbasins. All unstable waves, decaying, radiate shorter free Rossby waves propagating both westward and northwestward, with speeds of up to 10 cm/s. The standing Rossby waves are probably excited by the wind-driven Ekman pumping alone or in combination with linear and nonlinear resonance mechanisms. The additional analysis of subsurface float tracks from May 2005 through May 2006 supports the obtained results. C1 USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Marine Hydrophys, Sevastopol, Ukraine. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, 833 Dyer Rd,Room 328, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM lmivanov@nps.navy.mil NR 54 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 16 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C5 AR C05032 DI 10.1029/2006JC003698 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 172YD UT WOS:000246839800003 ER PT J AU Comin, MJ Agbaria, R Ben-Kasus, T Huleihel, M Liao, CZ Sun, GY Nicklaus, MC Deschamps, JR Parrish, DA Marquez, VE AF Comin, Maria J. Agbaria, Riad Ben-Kasus, Tsipi Huleihel, Mahmoud Liao, Chenzhong Sun, Guangyu Nicklaus, Marc C. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Parrish, Damon A. Marquez, Victor E. TI Sculpting the bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane template of carbocyclic nucleosides to improve recognition by herpes thymidine kinase SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACCURATE DOCKING; SUGAR; DISCRIMINATE; ANALOGS; GLIDE AB The replacement of the furanose ring by a cyclopentane in nucleosides generates a group of analogues known generically as carbocyclic nucleosides. These compounds have increased chemical and enzymatic stability due to the absence of a true glycosyl bond that characterizes conventional nucleosides. The additional fusion of a cyclopropane ring to the cyclopentane produces a bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane system that depending on its location relative to the nucleobase is able to lock the embedded cyclopentane ring into conformations that mimic the typical north and south conformations of the furanose ring in conventional nucleosides. These bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane templates have already provided important clues to differentiate the contrasting conformational preferences between kinases and polymerases. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and phosphorylation pattern of a new bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane thymidine analogue that seems to possess an ideal spatial distribution of pharmacophores for an optimal interaction with herpes simplex 1 thymidine kinase. The bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane template represents a privileged rigid template for sculpting other carbocyclic nucleosides to meet the demands of specific receptors. C1 Natl Canc Inst, Med Chem Lab, Ctr Canc Res, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Pharmacol, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Biotechnol, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Virol, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marquez, VE (reprint author), Natl Canc Inst, Med Chem Lab, Ctr Canc Res, 376 Boyles St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM marquezv@dc37a.nci.nih.gov RI Nicklaus, Marc/N-4183-2014; OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010; Nicklaus, Marc/0000-0002-4775-7030 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIDA NIH HHS [DA6002-01] NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 16 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 19 BP 6216 EP 6222 DI 10.1021/ja0688732 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 166XU UT WOS:000246415100035 PM 17451242 ER PT J AU Ranganathan, S Rajesh, YBRD Karle, IL AF Ranganathan, Subramania Rajesh, Y. B. R. D. Karle, Isabella L. TI Novel and efficient synthesis of 2-and 4-N-substituted pyridine N-oxides under solvent-free conditions SO SYNLETT LA English DT Article DE chloropyridine N-oxides; nucleophilic substitution; amination; solvent-free conditions ID TAUTOMERISM; 1-OXIDES AB Displacement of 2-or 4-chloropyridine N-oxides, with nitrogen nucleophiles, under solvent-free conditions offers a simple route to scarce N-substituted pyridine N-oxides. C1 Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ranganathan, S (reprint author), Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM ranga@iict.res.in NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0936-5214 J9 SYNLETT JI Synlett PD MAY 16 PY 2007 IS 8 BP 1215 EP 1218 DI 10.1055/s-2007-977445 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 178JT UT WOS:000247217700006 ER PT J AU Podraza, J Fleenor, J Grossfeld, P AF Podraza, John Fleenor, Jonathan Grossfeld, Paul TI An 11q terminal deletion and tetralogy of Fallot SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Letter ID PARTIAL TRISOMY; 2P; PATIENT; HEART C1 USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Pediat, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Cardiol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Fleenor, J (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Pediat, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM jfleenor@yahoo.com NR 10 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4825 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 143A IS 10 BP 1126 EP 1128 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31713 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 164MI UT WOS:000246237700017 PM 17431904 ER PT J AU Mastro, MA Freitas, JA Holm, RT Eddy, CR Caldwell, J Liu, K Glembocki, O Henry, RL Kim, J AF Mastro, M. A. Freitas, J. A., Jr. Holm, R. T. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Caldwell, J. Liu, K. Glembocki, O. Henry, R. L. Kim, J. TI Rare-earth chloride seeded growth of GaN nano- and micro-crystals SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gallium nitride; rare-earth metal ID DISTRIBUTED BRAGG REFLECTORS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GALLIUM NITRIDE; NANOWIRES; ORIENTATION; FILMS; SHAPE AB A novel rare-earth chloride seed was employed as a catalyst for growth of GaN nano- and micro-crystals on c-, a- and r-plane sapphire. The ErCl3 seed on the substrate surface enhanced the growth rate and density of the GaN crystals. Distinctive green photoluminescence was measured, confirming that Er3+ ions were active in the GaN matrix. This technique can be adapted to selectively grow GaN crystals with emission tailored to the particular optical transitions of the rare-earth seed. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Korea Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Anam Dong 5-1, Seoul 136701, South Korea. EM hyunhyun7@korea.ac.kr RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 253 IS 14 BP 6157 EP 6161 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.01.073 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 169OJ UT WOS:000246601200039 ER PT J AU Golden, JP Floyd-Smith, TM Mott, DR Ligler, FS AF Golden, Joel P. Floyd-Smith, Tamara M. Mott, David R. Ligler, Frances S. TI Target delivery in a microfluidic immunosensor SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE mixer; grooves; microchannels; fluorescence; immunoassay; depletion ID PLASMON RESONANCE BIOSENSOR; IMMUNOASSAYS; SURFACES; SAMPLE; SYSTEMS; MIXER; FLOW AB A study is presented that examines the effect of rn icrofluidic mixing elements on direct and sandwich assays performed in microchannels. Patterned grooves were embossed in the top of microchannels made in PDMS using soft lithography. The grooves redirected the fluid flowing in the channel, enhancing delivery of the target from the bulk fluid to the surface and preventing the formation of a depletion layer at the surface. Comparing assays in grooved and plain channels demonstrated that the mixers improved assay results by 26-46%. A computational flow analysis showed that the grooves caused virtual particles in the bulk flow to come close to the surface (similar to 11 mu m) which is consistent with the signal increase seen experimentally. Direct assays for several concentrations of CY5-labeled biotin were performed in the microchannels. The mixers also improved signal intensity in sandwich assays for botulinum toxin which required mixing of the reagents as well as the direction of the target to the surface. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tuskegee Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fligier@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil OI Mott, David/0000-0002-7863-456X NR 23 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 22 IS 11 BP 2763 EP 2767 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2006.12.017 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 166MH UT WOS:000246382500056 PM 17223338 ER EF