FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Ueno, T Higuchi, T Saito, C Imaizumi, N Wun-Fogle, M AF Ueno, T. Higuchi, T. Saito, C. Imaizumi, N. Wun-Fogle, M. TI Micromagnetostrictive vibrator using a U-shaped core of iron-gallium alloy (Galfenol) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID FE-GA AB A micromagnetostrictive vibrator using a U-shaped core made of iron-gallium alloy (Galfenol) was investigated. The vibrator consists of a Galfenol core, with a 1 mm(2) cross section, a length of 5.8 mm, and a 0.3 mm separation between the prongs of the "U," driving coils, and an iron yoke to close the magnetic loop. The Galfenol vibrator is superior to the PZT type in its high mechanical strength, low drive voltage requirements, and wide temperature operating range, and compared to our previous cylindrical type vibrator has a simpler construction and higher bandwidth. A displacement of 1.2 mu m (220 ppm) was verified for the prototype with a 5.8 mm long Galfenol core; the high magnetostriction >200 ppm is inherited from the stress-annealed Galfenol. The displacement was also maintained under a 21 MPa tensile stress (1.5 kg hanging weight). Incorporation of a Nd-B-Fe magnet into the magnetic circuit successfully shifted the operating point to the linear portion of the magnetostrictive curves. This biasing effect is useful in reducing the drive voltage. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Ueno, T.; Higuchi, T.] Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. [Saito, C.; Imaizumi, N.] Namiki Precis Jewel Co Ltd, Tokyo 1238656, Japan. [Wun-Fogle, M.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Ueno, T (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongol, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. EM ueno@aml.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp NR 3 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07E904 DI 10.1063/1.2828587 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200641 ER PT J AU Yoo, JH Restorff, JB Wun-Fogle, M Flatau, AB AF Yoo, J. -H. Restorff, J. B. Wun-Fogle, M. Flatau, A. B. TI The effect of magnetic field annealing on single crystal iron gallium alloy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc AB In this study, we investigate magnetic field annealing of Fe(82.5)Ga(17.5) single crystal disks with two easy axes ([100] and [010]) in the plane of the disk. Magnetic annealing was conducted with a high magnetic field (H>12 kOe) applied along the [100] or [010] easy axes of the demagnetized, as-grown, slow-cooled sample. Strain measurements were recorded both before and after the magnetic annealing of the samples from a demagnetized state. After each annealing protocol, the resultant built-in uniaxial anisotropy constants were measured using torque magnetometry and also using an approach that calculates anisotropy based on magnetization curves. The built-in anisotropy constant after magnetic annealing strongly depends on annealing protocol. The calculated anisotropy constants determined for each sample show consistent trends for each annealing condition using the two different anisotropy measurement methods. The maximum uniaxial anisotropy constant was 4.24 kJ/m(3) and the built-in effective prestress was -19.9 MPa after field annealing. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Yoo, J. -H.; Flatau, A. B.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Restorff, J. B.; Wun-Fogle, M.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Yoo, JH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jhyoo@umd.edu NR 4 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07B325 DI 10.1063/1.2832433 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200221 ER PT J AU Sechriest, VF Lhowe, DW AF Sechriest, V. Franklin, II Lhowe, David W. TI Orthopaedic care aboard the USNS mercy during operation unified assistance after the 2004 Asian tsunami SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID INDONESIA; DISASTER; ACEH RP Sechriest, VF (reprint author), USN, Dept Clin Invest, Naval Med Ctr San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM Vernon.sechriest@med.navy.mil NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 90A IS 4 BP 849 EP 861 DI 10.2106/JBJS.G.00821 PG 13 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 283SJ UT WOS:000254656500021 PM 18381323 ER PT J AU Harris, DC AF Harris, Daniel C. TI In partial defense of calculating titration curves SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Letter C1 USN Air Syst, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Harris, DC (reprint author), USN Air Syst, Command Stop 6303, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM Daniel.Harris@navy.mil NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD APR PY 2008 VL 85 IS 4 BP 498 EP 499 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 273PY UT WOS:000253945400005 ER PT J AU Giraldo, FX Restelli, M AF Giraldo, F. X. Restelli, M. TI A study of spectral element and discontinuous Galerkin methods for the Navier-Stokes equations in nonhydrostatic mesoscale atmospheric modeling: Equation sets and test cases SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE compressible flow; Euler; Lagrange; legendre; Navier-Stokes; nonhydrostatic; viscous flow ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; ESSENTIALLY NONOSCILLATORY SCHEMES; UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS; MOUNTAIN WAVES; SIMULATION; FORMULATION; COORDINATE; DYNAMICS; DISCRETIZATION; DIFFERENCE AB We present spectral element (SE) and discontinuous Galerkin (DG) solutions of the Euler and compressible Navier-Stokes (NS) equations for stratified fluid flow which are of importance in nonhydrostatic mesoscale atmospheric modeling. We study three different forms of the governing equations using seven test cases. Three test cases involve flow over mountains which require the implementation of non-reflecting boundary conditions, while one test requires viscous terms (density current). Including viscous stresses into finite difference, finite element, or spectral element models poses no additional challenges; however, including these terms to either finite volume or discontinuous Galerkin models requires the introduction of additional machinery because these methods were originally designed for first-order operators. We use the local discontinuous Galerkin method to overcome this obstacle. The seven test cases show that all of our models yield good results. The main conclusion is that equation set 1 (non-conservation form) does not perform as well as sets 2 and 3 (conservation forms). For the density current (viscous), the SE and DG models using set 3 (mass and total energy) give less dissipative results than the other equation sets; based on these results we recommend set 3 for the development of future multiscale research codes. In addition, the fact that set 3 conserves both mass and energy up to machine precision motives us to pursue this equation set for the development of future mesoscale models. For the bubble and mountain tests, the DG models performed better. Based on these results and due to its conservation properties we recommend the DG method. In the worst case scenario, the DG models are 50% slower than the non-conservative SE models. In the best case scenario, the DG models are just as efficient as the conservative SE models. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Giraldo, F. X.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Restelli, M.] Politecn Milan, MOX Modellist & Calcolo Sci, Dipartimento Matemat F Brioschi, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Giraldo, FX (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM fxgirald@nps.edu NR 60 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 8 BP 3849 EP 3877 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.12.009 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 288BG UT WOS:000254960600007 ER PT J AU Dew, N Read, S Sarasvathy, SD Wiltbank, R AF Dew, Nicholas Read, Stuart Sarasvathy, Saras D. Wiltbank, Robert TI Outlines of a behavioral theory of the entrepreneurial firm SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR & ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE entrepreneurship; effectuation; design; exaptation; non-predictive control ID FIBER-OPTICS; SCIENCE; ECONOMICS; RATIONALITY; PERFORMANCE; EXAPTATION; EMERGENCE; EVOLUTION; DECISION; STRATEGY AB In A Behavioral Theory of the Firm (BTF), Cyert and March [Cyert, R.M., March, J.G., 1963. A Behavioral Theory of the Firm. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ] present a clutch of ideas for explaining the behavior of established firms within an environment of well-defined markets, stakeholder relationships, technologies, and so on. In this paper, we outline a behavioral theory of the entrepreneurial firm that emphasizes transforming environments rather than acting within extant ones. In particular, we explicate three ideas that parallel key concepts in BTF: (1) accumulating stakeholder commitments under goal ambiguity (in line with a political conception of goals), (2) achieving control (as opposed to managing expectations) through non-predictive strategies, and (3) predominately exaptive (rather than adaptive) orientation. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras D.] Univ Virginia, Darden Grad Sch Business Adm, Charlottesville, VA 22906 USA. [Dew, Nicholas] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Read, Stuart] IMD, CH-1001 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Wiltbank, Robert] Willamette Univ, Atkinson Grad Sch Management, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RP Sarasvathy, SD (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Darden Grad Sch Business Adm, POB 6550, Charlottesville, VA 22906 USA. EM ndew@nps.edu; Stuart.Read@imd.ch; sarasvathys@darden.virginia.edu; Wiltbank@Willamette.edu NR 75 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2681 J9 J ECON BEHAV ORGAN JI J. Econ. Behav. Organ. PD APR PY 2008 VL 66 IS 1 BP 37 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.jebo.2006.10.008 PG 23 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 294ZJ UT WOS:000255444500004 ER PT J AU Horan, BB Tordik, PA Imamura, G Goodell, GG AF Horan, Brooks B. Tordik, Patricia A. Imamura, Glen Goodell, Gary G. TI Effect of dentin thickness on root surface temperature of teeth undergoing ultrasonic removal of posts SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE dentin insulation; heat-induced bone degeneration; post removal; root surface temperature changes; ultrasonics ID HEAT-GENERATION; THERMAL-INJURY; GUTTA-PERCHA; INSTRUMENTATION; RISE; BONE AB The purpose of this study was to measure root surface temperature changes on thin-rooted and thick-rooted teeth undergoing ultrasonic vibration of cemented posts, with and without irrigation. Twenty-four single canal teeth were decoronated, length standardized, instrumented, obturated, and cemented with prefabricated posts. The teeth were divided into thin-rooted or thick-rooted groups. Thermocouples were cemented to the external proximal root surfaces adjacent the post ends. The roots were then mounted in standardized plaster molds and placed in a temperature-control led water bath. Posts were ultrasonically vibrated with and without irrigation, and external root temperatures were recorded from an initial 37 degrees C baseline for a period of 4 minutes. The data were analyzed with the Student t test at alpha=.05. No significant differences were found in temperature change between the thin-rooted and thick-rooted groups, with or without irrigation. Linear regression and correlation analysis revealed no relationship between dentin thickness and temperature change. C1 [Horan, Brooks B.; Tordik, Patricia A.; Goodell, Gary G.] USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Bethesda, MD USA. [Imamura, Glen] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Goodell, GG (reprint author), 12214 Hollow Tree Lane, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM gggoodell@aol.com NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD APR PY 2008 VL 34 IS 4 BP 453 EP 455 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2008.01.008 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 282EV UT WOS:000254551300013 PM 18358895 ER PT J AU Croft, M Jisrawi, N Zhong, Z Horvath, K Holtz, RL Shepard, M Lahshmipathy, M Sadananda, K Skaritka, J Shukla, V Sadangi, RK Tsakalakos, T AF Croft, M. Jisrawi, N. Zhong, Z. Horvath, K. Holtz, R. L. Shepard, M. Lahshmipathy, M. Sadananda, K. Skaritka, J. Shukla, V. Sadangi, R. K. Tsakalakos, T. TI Stress gradient induced strain localization in metals: High resolution strain cross sectioning via synchrotron x-ray diffraction SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Materials Processing Defects (MDP-5) CY JUL 18-20, 2007 CL Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY HO Cornell Univ DE C. x-ray diffraction; nondestructive evaluation; B. residual stress; metallic materials; plastic collapse ID FULL-PROFILE ANALYSIS; RESIDUAL-STRESS; FATIGUE; BULK; RADIATION; SAMPLE; TENSOR; FIELD; GRAIN AB Strain localization in the presence of a stress gradient is a phenomenon common to many systems described by continuum mechanics. Variations of this complex phenomenon lead to interesting nonlinear effects in materials/engineering science as well as in other fields. Here, the synchrotron based energy dispersive x-ray diffraction (EDXRD) technique is used for high spatial resolution profiling of both compression and tension induced strain localization in important materials/engineering problems. Specifically, compression induced strain localization in shot peened materials and tension induced strain localization in the plastic zones adjoining the faces of a fatigue crack are profiled. The utility of the EDXRD synchrotron technique for nondestructively cross-sectioning strain variations on small length scales (down to 10-20 mu m) is described. While the strain field profiling relies on the shift of the Bragg lines, the data show that plastic deformation regions can also consistently be seen in the broadening of the Bragg peaks through the full width at half maximum parameter Quantitative correlations between the synchrotron based x-ray determined deformations and surface deformations, as measured by optical surface height profiling, are also made. C1 [Croft, M.; Horvath, K.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Croft, M.; Zhong, Z.; Skaritka, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Jisrawi, N.; Shukla, V.; Sadangi, R. K.; Tsakalakos, T.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Jisrawi, N.] Univ Sharjah, Dept Basic Sci, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. [Holtz, R. L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shepard, M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lahshmipathy, M.] Zygo Corp, Middlefield, CT 06455 USA. [Sadananda, K.] Tech Data Anal Inc, Falls Church, VA 22046 USA. RP Croft, M (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2008 VL 130 IS 2 AR 021005 DI 10.1115/1.2840962 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 295OQ UT WOS:000255484200007 ER PT J AU Goldman, RSB Amaker, RJ Espinosa, RA AF Goldman, R. Sarah B. Amaker, Robinette J. Espinosa, Randall A. TI James traction splinting for PIP fractures SO JOURNAL OF HAND THERAPY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PROXIMAL INTERPHALANGEAL JOINT; DYNAMIC EXTERNAL FIXATION; INTRAARTICULAR FRACTURES; PHALANGEAL FRACTURES; INTERNAL-FIXATION; OPEN REDUCTION; WIRE FIXATION; HAND; DISLOCATION; MOVEMENT C1 [Goldman, R. Sarah B.] USN, Med Serv Corps, Naval Med Educ & Traning Command, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. [Amaker, Robinette J.] Army Med Specialist Corps, Occupat Therapy Educ, Army Med Dept Ctr & Sch, San Antonio, TX USA. [Espinosa, Randall A.] Army Med Corps, Orthopaed & Hand Surg, FT Bragg, NC USA. RP Goldman, RSB (reprint author), USN, Med Serv Corps, Naval Med Educ & Traning Command, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. EM sbgoldma@indiana.edu NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0894-1130 J9 J HAND THER JI J. Hand Ther. PD APR-JUN PY 2008 VL 21 IS 2 BP 209 EP 215 DI 10.1197/j.jht.2007.08.019 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Surgery GA 299PW UT WOS:000255768500015 ER PT J AU Lambrakos, SG Tran, NE AF Lambrakos, S. G. Tran, N. E. TI Inverse analysis of cavitation impact phenomena on structures SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE environment; failure analysis; modeling processes; nondestructive testing; surface engineering ID SINGLE-BUBBLE SONOLUMINESCENCE; PICOSECOND SONOLUMINESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; DEGRADATION AB A general methodology is presented for in situ detection of cavitation impact phenomena on structures based on inverse analysis of luminescent emissions resulting from the collapsing of bubbles onto surfaces. Following an inverse-analysis approach, luminescent emission signatures are correlated with the general structure of asymmetric bubble collapse onto a surface. This method suggests applications for detection of cavitation that can occur within different types of dynamic water environments of structures. Case study analyses using experimental data are used to demonstrate the fundamentals of various aspects of this methodology. The goal of this methodology is to establish a direct correlation of luminescent emissions with cavitation impact phenomena, and ultimately, with cavitation erosion of structures within turbulent water environments. C1 [Lambrakos, S. G.] USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tran, N. E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lambrakos, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lambrakos@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD APR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 BP 202 EP 209 DI 10.1007/s11665-007-9136-x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 269WW UT WOS:000253682500010 ER PT J AU Chen, R Yang, FQ Imam, AA Feng, CR Pao, P AF Chen, Rong Yang, Fuqian Imam, A. Ashraf Feng, C. R. Pao, Peter TI Microindentation of titanium: Dependence of plastic energy on the indentation depth and time-dependent plastic deformation SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BULK METALLIC-GLASS; EXPANDING CAVITY MODEL; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PILE-UP; NANOINDENTATION; SLIP AB The cavity model and the dislocation mechanics were used to analyze the plastic energy dissipated in an indentation deformation. The plastic energy dissipated in an indentation cycle was proportional to the cube of the residual indentation depth. The experimental results supported the analysis for the indentation of commercially pure titanium by a Vickers indenter. Slip bands around the indentation were observed, suggesting that the indentation deformation was controlled by dislocation motion. The indentation hardness decreased with the indentation load, showing the indentation size effect. The ratio of the total energy to the plastic energy was found to be proportional to the ratio of the maximum indentation depth to the residual indentation depth. The effects of holding time were examined on the time-dependent plastic deformation of the commercially pure titanium at ambient temperature. C1 [Chen, Rong; Yang, Fuqian] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Imam, A. Ashraf; Feng, C. R.; Pao, Peter] USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, FQ (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM fyang0@engr.uky.edu RI Chen, Rong/A-7074-2012 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 8 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 1068 EP 1075 DI 10.1557/JMR.2008.0140 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 284DB UT WOS:000254684500027 ER PT J AU Martin, MJ Houston, BH Baldwin, JW Zalalutdinov, MK AF Martin, Michael James Houston, Brian H. Baldwin, Jeffrey W. Zalalutdinov, Maxim K. TI Damping models for microcantilevers, bridges, and torsional resonators in the free-molecular-flow regime SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE atomic-force microscopy; free-molecular flow; microbridge sensors; microcantilever sensors; microresonators; Q factor; torsional resonators ID MOMENTUM ACCOMMODATION COEFFICIENT; THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; QUALITY FACTOR; CANTILEVERS; FREQUENCY; PRESSURE; SENSORS; VACUUM; MICRO; SLIP AB The dominant damping mode for micromachined resonators operating at low pressures, typically 1000 Pa or less, is collisions with gas particles. This paper presents simple models for determining the damping and the quality factor of micro-cantilever, bridge, and paddle resonators in vertical, horizontal, and torsional motion, using a consistent model of gas-surface interaction, operating in the free-molecular-flow regime. These models incorporate effects such as wall temperature, accommodation coefficients, and high aspect ratios. Finally, the limiting case of vibrational velocities approaching the thermal velocity of the gas particles is considered, with analysis showing that these models are valid until the peak velocity of the vibration reaches 0.2c, where c is the thermal velocity of the gas. C1 [Martin, Michael James; Houston, Brian H.; Baldwin, Jeffrey W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zalalutdinov, Maxim K.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Martin, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM martinm2@asme.org RI Martin, Michael/A-1174-2007 OI Martin, Michael/0000-0002-6526-4408 NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD APR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 BP 503 EP 511 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2008.916321 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 345KV UT WOS:000258996600027 ER PT J AU Porch, D AF Porch, Douglas TI The first Vietnam war: Colonial conflict and Cold War series SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Porch, Douglas] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Porch, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2008 VL 72 IS 2 BP 613 EP 614 DI 10.1353/jmh.2008.0137 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 283KN UT WOS:000254635200063 ER PT J AU Moran, D AF Moran, Daniel TI Clausewitz's on war: A biography SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Moran, Daniel] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Moran, D (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2008 VL 72 IS 2 BP 627 EP 628 DI 10.1353/jmh.2008.0101 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 283KN UT WOS:000254635200074 ER PT J AU Moran, D AF Moran, Daniel TI Clausewitz & contemporary war SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Moran, Daniel] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Moran, D (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2008 VL 72 IS 2 BP 627 EP 628 DI 10.1353/jmh.2008.0101 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 283KN UT WOS:000254635200073 ER PT J AU Kolel-Veetil, MK Dominguez, DD Keller, TM AF Kolel-Veetil, Mano K. Dominguez, Dawn D. Keller, Teddy M. TI Dendritic networks containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and carborane clusters SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carborane; crosslinking; dendrimers; gelation; high temperature materials; nanoparticles; networks; POSS ID THERMAL-PROPERTIES; POLYMERS; COPOLYMERS; SILOXANE; HYDROSILYLATION; POLYSTYRENE; DERIVATIVES; MEMBRANES; CORES C1 [Kolel-Veetil, Mano K.; Dominguez, Dawn D.; Keller, Teddy M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Mat Chem Branch,Adv Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kolel-Veetil, MK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Mat Chem Branch,Adv Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM manoj.kolel-veetil@nrl.navy.mil NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 15 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 7 BP 2581 EP 2587 DI 10.1002/pola.22601 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 282SM UT WOS:000254587500026 ER PT J AU Wilson, PS Reed, AH Wood, WT Roy, RA AF Wilson, Preston S. Reed, Allen H. Wood, Warren T. Roy, Ronald A. TI The low-frequency sound speed of fluid-like gas-bearing sediments SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter ID ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION; WAVE-PROPAGATION; POROUS-MEDIA; IN-SITU; BUBBLES; LIQUID; PREDICTIONS; SCATTERING; MIXTURE; MODEL AB The low-frequency sound speed in a fluid-like kaolinite sediment containing air bubbles was measured using an acoustic resonator technique and found to be 114 m/s with negligible dispersion between 100 and 400 Hz. The sediment's void fraction and bubble size distribution was determined from volumetric images obtained from x-ray computed tomography scans. A simplified version of Wood's effective medium model, which is dependent only upon the ambient pressure, the void fraction, the sediment's bulk mass density, and the assumption that all the bubbles are smaller than resonance size at the highest frequency of interest, described the measured sound speed. (C) 2008 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Wilson, Preston S.] Univ Texas Austin, Appl Res Labs, Austin, TX 78713 USA. [Wilson, Preston S.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Reed, Allen H.; Wood, Warren T.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Marine GeoSci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Roy, Ronald A.] Boston Univ, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Wilson, PS (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Appl Res Labs, POB 8029, Austin, TX 78713 USA. EM pswilson@mail.utexas.edu; allen.reed@nrlssc.navy.mil; warren.wood@nrlssc.navy.mil; ronroy@bu.edu OI Roy, Ronald/0000-0001-6394-5667 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2008 VL 123 IS 4 BP EL99 EP EL104 DI 10.1121/1.2884081 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 289HD UT WOS:000255044700071 PM 18396928 ER PT J AU Dreisbach, LE Torre, P Kramer, SJ Kopke, R Jackson, R Balough, B AF Dreisbach, Laura Elizabeth Torre, Peter, III Kramer, Steven J. Kopke, Richard Jackson, Ronald Balough, Ben TI Influence of ultrahigh-frequency hearing thresholds on distortion-product Otoacoustic emission levels at conventional frequencies SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF AUDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE distortion-product otoacoustic emissions; normal hearing; ultrahigh-frequency behavioral thresholds ID ACOUSTIC DISTORTION; INTERFERENCE TONES; YOUNG-ADULTS; HUMAN EARS; HUMANS; SUPPRESSION; CHILDREN; COCHLEA; GENDER; 2F1-F2 AB This study examined the association between ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) hearing sensitivity and distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) levels at conventional frequencies. Behavioral thresholds were measured from 2 through 16 kHz, and DPOAE levels were measured at discrete f2 frequencies between 2 through 8 kHz in 553 young normal-hearing adult male participants. A DPOAE frequency sweep was measured with primary stimulus levels of L1/L2 = 65/55 dB SPL and an f2/f1 of 1.2. Significant negative correlations, although weak, were found between UHF behavioral thresholds and DPOAE levels. As UHF behavioral thresholds worsened, DPOAE levels decreased at all frequencies. When the data were categorized into two groups, "better" and "worse" UHF behavioral thresholds, significant differences were apparent between the two groups for DPOAEs. Additionally, those with better UHF thresholds had better conventional thresholds compared to those in the worse UHF threshold group. The results of this age-restricted, large-sample-size study confirm and augment findings from earlier studies demonstrating that UHF hearing sensitivity has some influence on DPOAE measures at frequencies from 2 through 8 kHz with moderate stimulus levels. However, because those with better UHF thresholds also had better conventional thresholds and the significant correlations found were weak, this work supports the importance of UHF hearing testing in conjunction with otoacoustic emission measures to identify basal cochlear insults not evident from behavioral testing at conventional frequencies. C1 [Dreisbach, Laura Elizabeth; Torre, Peter, III; Kramer, Steven J.] San Diego State Univ, Sch Speech Language & Hearing Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Kopke, Richard] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Hough Ear Inst, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Jackson, Ronald; Balough, Ben] USN, Med Ctr, Spatial Orientat Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Dreisbach, LE (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Sch Speech Language & Hearing Sci, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM ldreisba@mail.sdsu.edu NR 46 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD AUDIOLOGY PI RESTON PA 11730 PLAZA DR, STE 300, RESTON, VA 20190 USA SN 1050-0545 J9 J AM ACAD AUDIOL JI J. Am. Acad. Audiol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 19 IS 4 BP 325 EP 336 DI 10.3766/jaaa.19.4.5 PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 332IJ UT WOS:000258076400005 PM 18795471 ER PT J AU Gorzkowski, EP Pan, MJ Bender, BA Wu, CCM AF Gorzkowski, Edward P. Pan, Ming-Jen Bender, Barry A. Wu, Carl C. M. TI Effect of additives on the crystallization kinetics of barium strontium titanate glass-ceramics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COMPONENTS; DENSITY AB Barium strontium titanate (BST) has been targeted as one potential ferroelectric glass-ceramic for high-energy density dielectric materials. Previous testing has shown that the dielectric constant of these materials was as high as 1000 and the dielectric breakdown strength up to 800 kV/cm. This did not, however, result in exceptional energy density (similar to 0.90 J/cc). In order to increase overall energy density refining agents can be added to the melt, but the nucleation and growth of the ceramic particles can also play a role. Therefore, in this study the crystallization kinetics were studied to more fully understand how BST phase forms so that the optimal energy density could be obtained. It was determined that the activation energy of the crystallization of BST 70/30 glass-ceramic is approximately 430 kJ/mol which is close to the dissociation energy of Si-O bonds. The Avrami parameter was found to be similar to 3 meaning that three-dimensional growth is dominant and the mechanism of growth was interface controlled. C1 [Gorzkowski, Edward P.; Pan, Ming-Jen; Bender, Barry A.; Wu, Carl C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wu, CCM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gorzkows@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 91 IS 4 BP 1065 EP 1069 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.02254.x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 283CE UT WOS:000254613400004 ER PT J AU Yoonz, HJ Tsiotras, P AF Yoonz, Hyungjoo Tsiotras, Panagiotis TI Adaptive Spacecraft Attitude Tracking Control with Actuator Uncertainties SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY AUG 15-18, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP AIAA ID POWER TRACKING; SYSTEMS; REPRESENTATIONS; IDENTIFICATION; DYNAMICS AB An adaptive control algorithm for the spacecraft attitude tracking problem when the spin axis directions and/or the gains of the flywheel actuators are uncertain is developed. A smooth projection algorithm is applied to keep the parameter estimates inside a singularity-free region and avoid parameter bursting. Numerical examples show that the controller successfully deals with unknown misalignments of the axis directions as well as the unknown gains of the flywheel actuators. C1 [Yoonz, Hyungjoo] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Yoonz, HJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM hvoon@nps.edu; tsiotras@ganech.edu NR 31 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 2 BP 251 EP 268 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 420AB UT WOS:000264259700006 ER PT J AU Jiang, QF Doyle, JD AF Jiang, Qingfang Doyle, James D. TI On the diurnal variation of mountain waves SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; SURFACE FRICTION; BOUNDARY-LAYERS; GRAVITY-WAVE; DOWNSLOPE WINDS; TURBULENT-FLOW; ROUGH HILLS; DRAG; ATMOSPHERE; RIDGES AB The diurnal variation of mountain waves and wave drag associated with flow past mesoscale ridges has been examined using the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) and an analytical boundary layer (BL) model. The wave drag exhibits substantial diurnal variation in response to the change in the atmospheric BL characteristics, such as the BL depth, shape factor, and stability. During daytime, a convective BL develops, characterized by a shallow shear layer near the surface and a deep well-mixed layer aloft, both of which tend to decrease the wave drag. As a result, the convective BL could significantly weaken mountain waves and reduce the momentum flux by up to 90%. Near the surface, the flow pattern resembles a potential flow with a surface wind maximum located near the ridge crest. During nighttime, a shallow stable BL develops, and the modulation of wave drag by the stable nocturnal BL is governed by the BL Froude number (Fr). If the BL flow is supercritical, the drag increases as Fr decreases toward unity and reaches the maximum around Fr = 1, where the drag could be several times larger than the corresponding free-slip hydrostatic wave drag. If the BL flow is subcritical because of excessive cooling, the drag decreases with decreasing Froude number and the flow pattern near the surface resembles a typical subcritical solution with the wind maximum located near the ridge crest. C1 [Jiang, Qingfang; Doyle, James D.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Jiang, Qingfang] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Monterey, CA USA. RP Jiang, QF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM qingfang.jiang@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1360 EP 1377 DI 10.1175/2007JAS2460.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 293VB UT WOS:000255362400013 ER PT J AU Duncan, JE Corwin, CH Sweeney, WB Dunne, JR DeNobile, JW Perdue, PW Galarneau, MR Pearl, JP AF Duncan, James E. Corwin, Christian H. Sweeney, W. Brian Dunne, James R. DeNobile, John W. Perdue, Philil W. Galarneau, Michael R. Pearl, Jonathan P. TI Management of colorectal injuries during operation Iraqi freedom: Patterns of stoma usage SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE colorectal trauma; colostomy; operation Iraqi freedom ID COLOSTOMY CLOSURE; TRAUMA PATIENTS; COLON TRAUMA; MORBIDITY AB Background: Management of penetrating colorectal injuries in the civilian trauma population has evolved away from diversionary stoma into primary repair or resection and primary anastomosis. With this in mind, we evaluated how injuries to the colon and rectum were managed in the ongoing war in Iraq. Methods: The records of Operation Iraqi Freedom patients evacuated to National Naval Medical Center (NNMC) from March 2004 until November 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with colorectal injuries were identified and characterized by the following: (1) injury type; (2) mechanism; (3) associated injuries; (4) Injury Severity Score; (5) levels of medical care involved in patient treatment; (6) time interval(s) between levels of care; (7) management; and (8) outcomes. Results: Twenty-three patients were identified as having either colon or rectal injury. The average ISS was 24.4 (range, 9-54; median 24). On average, patients were evaluated and treated at 2.5 levels of surgically capable medical care (range, 2-3; median 2) between time of injury and arrival at NNMC, with a median of 6 days from initial injury until presentation at NNMC (range, 3-11). Management of colorectal injuries included 7 primary repairs (30.4%), 3 resections with anastomoses (13.0%), and 13 colostomies (56.6%). There was one death (4.3%) and three anastomotic leaks (30%). Total complication rate was 48%. Conclusions: Based upon injury severity, the complex nature of triage and medical evacuation, and the multiple levels of care involved for injured military personnel, temporary stoma usage should play a greater role in military casualties than in the civilian environment for penetrating colorectal injuries. C1 [Duncan, James E.; Corwin, Christian H.; Dunne, James R.; DeNobile, John W.; Perdue, Philil W.; Pearl, Jonathan P.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. [Galarneau, Michael R.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Duncan, JE (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. EM djduncan@hotmail.com NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD APR PY 2008 VL 64 IS 4 BP 1043 EP 1047 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e318047c064 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 287UN UT WOS:000254942100032 PM 18404073 ER PT J AU Boonnak, K Slike, BM Burgess, TH Mason, RM Wu, SJ Sun, P Porter, K Rudiman, IF Yuwono, D Puthavathana, P Marovich, MA AF Boonnak, Kobporn Slike, Bonnie M. Burgess, Timothy H. Mason, Randall M. Wu, Shuenn-Jue Sun, Peifang Porter, Kevin Rudiman, Irani Fianza Yuwono, Djoko Puthavathana, Pilaipan Marovich, Mary A. TI Role of dendritic cells in antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus infection SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ROSS RIVER VIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; SHOCK SYNDROME; FC-RECEPTORS; RISK-FACTOR; SEVERITY; EXPRESSION; DISEASE AB Dengue viruses (DV), composed of four distinct serotypes (DV1 to DV4), cause 50 to 100 million infections annually. Durable homotypic immunity follows infection but may predispose to severe subsequent heterotypic infections, a risk conferred in part by the immune response itself. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), a process best described in vitro, is epidemiologically linked to complicated DV infections, especially in Southeast Asia. Here we report for the first time the ADE phenomenon in primary human dendritic cells (DC), early targets of DV infection, and human cell lines bearing Fc receptors. We show that ADE is inversely correlated with surface expression of DC-SIGN (DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin) and requires Fc gamma receptor IIa (Fc gamma RIIa). Mature DC exhibited ADE, whereas immature DC, expressing higher levels of DC-SIGN and similar Fc gamma RIIa levels, did not undergo ADE. ADE results in increased intracellular de novo DV protein synthesis, increased viral RNA production and release, and increased infectivity of the supernatants in mature DC. Interestingly, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 (IL-6), but not IL-10 and gamma interferon, were released in the presence of dengue patient sera but generally only at enhancement titers, suggesting a signaling component of ADE. Fc gamma RIIa inhibition with monoclonal antibodies abrogated ADE and associated downstream consequences. DV versatility in entry routes (Fc gamma RIIa or DC-SIGN) in mature DC broadens target options and suggests additional ways for DC to contribute to the pathogenesis of severe DV infection. Studying the cellular targets of DV infection and their susceptibility to ADE will aid our understanding of complex disease and contribute to the field of vaccine development. C1 [Boonnak, Kobporn; Slike, Bonnie M.; Mason, Randall M.; Marovich, Mary A.] Univ Hlth Sci, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol,Dept Med, Dept Vaccine R&D,Uniformed Serv, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Boonnak, Kobporn; Slike, Bonnie M.; Mason, Randall M.; Marovich, Mary A.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Burgess, Timothy H.; Sun, Peifang; Porter, Kevin] USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Virus Dis, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Wu, Shuenn-Jue] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20889 USA. [Rudiman, Irani Fianza] Hasan Sadikin Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Bandung, Indonesia. [Yuwono, Djoko] Indonesian Ministry Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Boonnak, Kobporn; Puthavathana, Pilaipan] Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. [Marovich, Mary A.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Marovich, MA (reprint author), Univ Hlth Sci, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol,Dept Med, Dept Vaccine R&D,Uniformed Serv, 13 Taft Ct,Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM mmarovich@hivresearch.org RI Porter, Kevin/A-8027-2011 NR 52 TC 100 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 82 IS 8 BP 3939 EP 3951 DI 10.1128/JVI.02484-07 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 284QQ UT WOS:000254721300014 PM 18272578 ER PT J AU McDermott, J Allwein, G AF McDermott, J. Allwein, G. TI A formalism for visual security protocol modeling SO JOURNAL OF VISUAL LANGUAGES AND COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE model driven architecture; live sequence chart; statechart; Petri net; process algebra; security protocol; hypergraph grammar AB Existing visual modeling paradigms do not adequately cover the visual modeling of security protocols: sequences of interactions between principals in a security system. A visual formalism for security protocol modeling should not only be well-defined but also satisfy certain pragmatic criteria: support for compositional, comprehensive, laconic, and lucid models. Candidate techniques from the OMG's Model Driven Architecture, based largely on UML 2.0, lack a formal syntax and semantics. Well-defined visual formalisms outside of UML have shortcomings with respect to one or more of the pragmatic criteria. We present the GSPML visual formalism as a solution that satisfies all of the pragmatic criteria. We show that GSPML is well-defined with structural operational semantics and a hypergraph grammar syntax. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McDermott, J.; Allwein, G.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP McDermott, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM John.McDermott@NRL.Navy.mil; Gerard.Allwein@NRL.Navy.mil NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1045-926X EI 1095-8533 J9 J VISUAL LANG COMPUT JI J. Vis. Lang. Comput. PD APR PY 2008 VL 19 IS 2 BP 153 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.jvlc.2006.10.006 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 291HT UT WOS:000255187300001 ER PT J AU Sorensen, KC Venn-Watson, S Ridgway, SH AF Sorensen, Kara C. Venn-Watson, Stephanie Ridgway, Sam H. TI Trace and non-trace elements in blood cells of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): Variations with values from liver function indicators SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE blood cell; elements; liver disease; liver function; metals; serum biochemistry; trace and non-trace; Tursiops truncates ID HEAVY-METALS; STENELLA-COERULEOALBA; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; ZINC-METABOLISM; HEPATIC-FAILURE; SMALL CETACEANS; MARINE MAMMALS; COPPER; SERUM; PLASMA AB Alterations in trace and non-trace element homeostasis have been associated with both normal physiologic and pathologic processes of many species. Changes in copper and zinc, for instance, have been associated with liver disease in humans and dogs. While liver disease has been documented in marine mammals, associations of liver disease with trace and non-trace elements have not been determined. The goal of this study was to assess potential elemental associations with clinically relevant changes in liver enzymes of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops tnincatus) and to compare observed associations to what has been reported in other species. Blood cell samples were collected from 37 healthy bottlenose dolphins, maintained by the Navy Marine Mammal Program (MMP), between 1991 and 1992. Twenty-one trace and non-trace elements were assessed along with a standard liver enzyme function profile, and trace element associations to specific liver enzymes were determined. In this study, of the 21 blood cell elements assessed, 19 were measured within detectable limits in at least one of the blood samples, and 10 trace elements were found to be associated with at least one of the liver function indicators. Many of these same associations have been documented in various forms of liver disease in other species, including the associations of increases in copper and decreases in zinc with both elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). The observed analogous associations between changes in blood trace and non-trace elements and liver function indicators of bottlenose dolphins and other species may indicate similar pathologic processes and functions of some elements. Given the results of this study, additional research is warranted to further elucidate associations of trace and non-trace elements to liver disease in bottlenose dolphins. C1 [Sorensen, Kara C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Associateship, Res Associates Programs, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Sorensen, Kara C.; Venn-Watson, Stephanie; Ridgway, Sam H.] USN, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Venn-Watson, Stephanie] G2 Software Syst Inc, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [Ridgway, Sam H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Sorensen, KC (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Associateship, Res Associates Programs, 500 5th St,NW GR 322A, Washington, DC 20001 USA. EM Sorensek@spawar.navy.mil NR 84 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 BP 304 EP 317 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 296KR UT WOS:000255542600009 PM 18436663 ER PT J AU Venn-Watson, S Smith, CR Jensen, ED AF Venn-Watson, Stephanie Smith, Cynthia R. Jensen, Eric D. TI Assessment of increased serum aminotransferases in a managed Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) population SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Atlantic bottlenose dolphin; chronic hepatitis; diabetes mellitus; iron overload; thrombocytopenia; Tursiops truncatus ID CHRONIC HEPATITIS-C; FATTY LIVER-DISEASE; CHRONIC-ACTIVE HEPATITIS; B-VIRUS INFECTION; DIABETES-MELLITUS; OVERLAP SYNDROMES; AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; IRON; DOGS AB Nonspecific chronic hepatitis and increased activities of serum aminotransferases have been reported in cetaceans (dolphins, porpoises, and whales). We identified bottlenose dolphins in our current population with episodic increases in serum aminotransferases, specifically alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and we hypothesized that hematologic and serum biochemical changes in these animals may provide clues as to potential causes of liver disease in cetaceans. A retrospective case-control study involving 1,288 blood samples collected during 1998-2006 from 18 dolphins (six cases and 12 age- and sex-matched healthy controls) was conducted to compare eosinophil and platelet counts; and serum proteins, albumin, globulins, bilirubin, gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, iron, and erythrocyte sedimentation rates. Bottlenose dolphins with increased ALT and AST activities were more likely to have higher serum globulins, bilirubin, GGT, iron, glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels, greater erythrocyte sedimentation rates, and lower platelet counts compared to healthy controls. Our findings suggest that dolphins with chronic increases in aminotransferases may have a chronic hepatitis involving iron overload with similar etiologies and pathophysiology compared to terrestrial mammals. Areas for future research include predisposing metabolic risk factors; associations between iron overload and a diabetes-like condition; and a potential overlap syndrome involving autoimmune responses that may or may not be associated with viral infection. C1 [Venn-Watson, Stephanie; Smith, Cynthia R.; Jensen, Eric D.] USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Venn-Watson, S (reprint author), USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM stephanie.vennwatson@navy.mil NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 BP 318 EP 330 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 296KR UT WOS:000255542600010 PM 18436664 ER PT J AU Harris, ML Doraiswamy, A Narayan, RJ Patz, TM Chrisey, DB AF Harris, M. L. Doraiswamy, A. Narayan, R. J. Patz, T. M. Chrisey, D. B. TI Recent progress in CAD/CAM laser direct-writing of biomaterials SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advanced Processing of Biomaterials CY OCT 15-19, 2006 CL Cincinnati, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc, Assoc Iron & Steel Technol, ASM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE tissue microfabrication; matrix-assisted pulsed-laser evaporation direct-write; CAD/CAM laser micromachining; biomaterials ID 2-DIMENSIONAL DIFFERENTIAL ADHERENCE; THIN-FILMS; EVAPORATION MAPLE; CELLS; DEPOSITION; MATRIX; MICROFABRICATION; HYDROXYAPATITE; POLYMER; REPAIR AB The matrix-assisted pulsed-laser evaporation direct-write (MAPLE DW) process allows for computer-controlled deposition and machining of mesoscopic voxels of material with a high degree of spatial resolution. This article provides a review of current biomedical research activities that involve patterning of three-dimensional structures using the MAPLE DW process. Recent developments in micro fabrication of hydroxyapatiteosteoblast-like cell composites, laser micromachining of differentially adherent substrates, and the influence of processing parameters (e.g., laser energy density and spot size) are discussed. The MAPLE DW process may be used to fabricate free-standing cell-seeded networks with unique geometries for tissue engineering, drug discovery, and other biomedical applications. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Doraiswamy, A.; Narayan, R. J.] Univ N Carolina, Joint Dept Biomed Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Harris, M. L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Patz, T. M.] Edwards Lifesci, Irvine, CA USA. [Patz, T. M.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY USA. RP Narayan, RJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Joint Dept Biomed Engn, 152 MacNider Hall,Campus Box 7575, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM roger_narayan@unc.edu RI Narayan, Roger/J-2789-2013 OI Narayan, Roger/0000-0002-4876-9869 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-4931 J9 MAT SCI ENG C-BIO S JI Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 359 EP 365 DI 10.1016/j.msec.2007.04.013 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 295BX UT WOS:000255451100008 ER PT J AU Piester, D Bauch, A Breakiron, L Matsakis, D Blanzano, B Koudelka, O AF Piester, D. Bauch, A. Breakiron, L. Matsakis, D. Blanzano, B. Koudelka, O. TI Time transfer with nanosecond accuracy for the realization of International Atomic Time SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID DELAY DIFFERENCE CALIBRATION; 2-WAY TIME; STATION; SATELLITES AB Two-way satellite time and frequency transfer ( TWSTFT) has become an important technical component in the process of the realization of International Atomic Time. To employ the full potential of the technique, especially for true time transfer, a dedicated calibration is necessary. This consists of the calibration either of the operational link at large, including every component involved, or of the involved ground stations' internal delays only. Both modes were successfully employed by circulating and operating a portable reference station between the sites involved. In this paper, we summarize the theoretical background for the different calibration modes applied and report examples of results from the 13 calibration campaigns performed up to now in Europe and between Europe and the United States. In all of these exercises, estimated uncertainties around 1 ns were achieved. Consecutive campaigns showed a very good reproducibility at the nanosecond level. Additionally, we address and briefly discuss sources that possibly limit the uncertainty for true time transfer employing TWSTFT. C1 [Piester, D.; Bauch, A.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-3300 Braunschweig, Germany. [Breakiron, L.; Matsakis, D.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Blanzano, B.; Koudelka, O.] Graz Univ Technol, Graz, Austria. [Blanzano, B.; Koudelka, O.] Joanneum Res GmbH, Graz, Austria. RP Piester, D (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-3300 Braunschweig, Germany. RI Piester, Dirk/B-8132-2008 OI Piester, Dirk/0000-0003-2487-5613 NR 34 TC 75 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD APR PY 2008 VL 45 IS 2 BP 185 EP 198 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/45/2/008 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 285LJ UT WOS:000254778000010 ER PT J AU Marks, FD Black, PG Montgomery, MT Burpee, RW AF Marks, Frank D. Black, Peter G. Montgomery, Michael T. Burpee, Robert W. TI Structure of the eye and eyewall of Hurricane Hugo (1989) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; CONVECTIVE-SCALE CHARACTERISTICS; VELOCITY TRACK DISPLAY; INNER CORE STRUCTURE; TROPICAL CYCLONES; MATURE HURRICANES; INTENSE STORMS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ISABEL 2003; VORTICES AB On 15 September 1989, one of NOAA's WP-3D research aircraft, N42RF [lower aircraft (LA)], penetrated the eyewall of Hurricane Hugo. The aircraft had an engine fail in severe turbulence while passing the radius of maximum wind and before entering the eye at 450-m altitude. After the aircraft returned to controlled flight within the 7-km radius eye, it gained altitude gradually as it orbited in the eye. Observations taken during this period provide an updated model of the inner-core structure of an intense hurricane and suggest that LA penetrated an intense cyclonic vorticity maximum adjacent to the strongest convection in the eyewall [eyewall vorticity maximum (EVM)]. This EVM was distinct from the vortex-scale cyclonic circulation observed to orbit within the eye three times during the 1 h that LA circled in the eye. At the time, Hugo had been deepening rapidly for 12 h. The maximum flight-level tangential wind was 89 m s(-1) at a radius of 12.5 km; however, the primary vortex peak tangential wind, derived from a 100-s filter of the flight-level data, was estimated to be 70 m s-1, also at 12.5-km radius. The primary vortex tangential wind was in approximate gradient wind balance, was characterized by a peak in angular velocity just inside the radius of maximum wind, and had an annular vorticity structure slightly interior to the angular velocity maximum. The EVM along the aircraft's track was roughly 1 km in diameter with a peak cyclonic vorticity of 1.25 X 10(-1) s(-1). The larger circulation center, with a diameter >15 km, was observed within the eye and exhibited an average orbital period of 19 min. This period is about the same as that of the angular velocity maximum of the axisymmetric mean vortex and is in reasonable agreement with recent theoretical and model predictions of a persistent trochoidal "wobble" of circulation centers in mature hurricane-like vortices. This study is the first with in situ documentation of these vortical entities, which were recently hypothesized to be elements of a lower-tropospheric eye/eyewall mixing mechanism that supports strong storms. C1 [Marks, Frank D.; Black, Peter G.] AOML, NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgraduate Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Burpee, Robert W.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmosphere Studies, Miami, FL 33152 USA. RP Marks, FD (reprint author), AOML, NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM frank.marks@noaa.gov RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Black, Michael/C-3250-2014 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Black, Michael/0000-0001-9528-2888 NR 49 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2008 VL 136 IS 4 BP 1237 EP 1259 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2073.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 293RK UT WOS:000255352200001 ER PT J AU Rath, BB AF Rath, B. B. TI Methane hydrates: An abundance of clean energy? SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rath, BB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD APR PY 2008 VL 33 IS 4 BP 323 EP 325 DI 10.1557/mrs2008.66 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 279RT UT WOS:000254373000014 ER PT J AU Scheibner, M Yakes, M Bracker, AS Ponomarev, IV Doty, MF Hellberg, CS Whitman, LJ Reinecke, TL Gammon, D AF Scheibner, M. Yakes, M. Bracker, A. S. Ponomarev, I. V. Doty, M. F. Hellberg, C. S. Whitman, L. J. Reinecke, T. L. Gammon, D. TI Optically mapping the electronic structure of coupled quantum dots SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; SIZE AB In a network of quantum dots(1) embedded in a semiconductor structure, no two are the same, and so their individual and collective properties must be measured after fabrication. Here, we demonstrate a 'level anti-crossing spectroscopy' ( LACS) technique in which the ladder of orbital energy levels of one quantum dot is used to probe that of a nearby quantum dot. This optics-based technique can be applied in situ to a cluster of tunnel-coupled dots, in configurations similar to that predicted for new photonic or quantum information technologies(2-5). Although the lowest energy levels of a quantum dot are arranged approximately in a shell structure(6-10), asymmetries or intrinsic physics-such as spin-orbit coupling for holes may alter level splittings significantly(11). We use LACS on a diatomic molecule composed of vertically stacked InAs/GaAs quantum dots and obtain the excited-state level diagram of a hole with and without extra carriers. The observation of excited molecular orbitals, including sigma and pi bonding states, provides fresh opportunities in solid-state molecular physics. Combined with atomic-resolution microscopy and electronic-structure theory for typical dots, the LACS technique could also enable 'reverse engineering' of the level structure and the corresponding optical response(12). C1 [Scheibner, M.; Yakes, M.; Bracker, A. S.; Ponomarev, I. V.; Doty, M. F.; Hellberg, C. S.; Whitman, L. J.; Reinecke, T. L.; Gammon, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scheibner, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM scheibner@bloch.nrl.navy.mil; gammon@nrl.navy.mil RI Doty, Matthew/B-5075-2010; Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010; Yakes, Michael/E-5510-2011; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011; Ponomarev, Ilya/F-5183-2010 OI Doty, Matthew/0000-0001-7999-3567; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174; Ponomarev, Ilya/0000-0002-8584-6034 NR 30 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD APR PY 2008 VL 4 IS 4 BP 291 EP 295 DI 10.1038/nphys882 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 292DT UT WOS:000255247400014 ER PT J AU Holloway, MV Beasley, DE Conner, ME AF Holloway, Mary V. Beasley, Donald E. Conner, Michael E. TI Single-phase convective heat transfer in rod bundles SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID SPACERS; DECAY; SWIRL; FLOW AB The convective heat transfer for turbulent flow through rod bundles representative of nuclear fuel rods used in pressurized water reactors is examined. The rod bundles consist of a square array of parallel rods that are held on a constant pitch by support grids spaced axially along the rod bundle. Split-vane pair support grids, which create swirling flow in the rod bundle, as well as disc and standard support grids are investigated. Single-phase convective heat transfer coefficients are measured for flow downstream of support grids in a rod bundle. The rods are heated using direct resistance heating, and a bulk axial flow of air is used to cool the rods in the rod bundle. Air is used as the working fluid instead of water to reduce the power required to heat the rod bundle. Results indicate heat transfer enhancement for up to 10 hydraulic diameters downstream of the support grids. A general correlation is developed to predict the heat transfer development downstream of support grids. In addition, circumferential variations in heat transfer coefficients result in hot streaks that develop on the rods downstream of split-vane pair support grids. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Holloway, Mary V.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Beasley, Donald E.] Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Conner, Michael E.] Westinghouse Nucl Fuel, Columbia, SC 29250 USA. RP Holloway, MV (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM holloway@usna.edu NR 17 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 EI 1872-759X J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD APR PY 2008 VL 238 IS 4 BP 848 EP 858 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2007.08.003 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 290GJ UT WOS:000255111000006 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Seely, JE Landi, E Ralchenko, Y AF Feldman, U. Seely, J. E. Landi, E. Ralchenko, Yu. TI Bright EUV lines emitted by highly ionized tungsten ions as diagnostic indicators of the tungsten transport in ITER core plasmas (T(e) > 7 KeV) SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID SPECTROMETER; SPECTRA AB In this paper we investigate the possible use of spectral lines from highly ionized tungsten (W) ions to measure transport and other physical properties of ITER plasmas. Firstly, we calculate the fractional abundances of W ions for plasmas having electron temperatures in the 7-40 keV range and an electron density of 10(14) cm(-3). Secondly, we calculate the wavelengths and emissivities versus temperature of the brightest spectral lines expected to be emitted by the W ions at extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths longer than 45 A. To complement the grazing incidence spectroscopy technique traditionally used to study such spectra, we propose the use of segmented multilayer-coated telescopes for imaging the ITER plasmas in selected EUV lines, similar to the space-based instruments routinely used to study temperatures, emission measures and motions of 0.1-2 keV solar coronal plasmas. C1 [Feldman, U.; Landi, E.] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Feldman, U.; Seely, J. E.; Landi, E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ralchenko, Yu.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), Artep Inc, 2922 Excelsior Spring Court, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 NR 14 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD APR PY 2008 VL 48 IS 4 AR 045004 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/48/4/045004 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 296WC UT WOS:000255575500004 ER PT J AU Mahon, R Rabinovich, WS Plett, M Burris, HR Ferraro, MS Freeman, WT Moore, CI Murphy, J Stell, M Suite, MR AF Mahon, Rita Rabinovich, William S. Plett, Mark Burris, Harris R., Jr. Ferraro, Mike S. Freeman, Wade T. Moore, Christopher I. Murphy, James Stell, Mena Suite, Michelle R. TI Interference effects and aperture averaging in retroreflected light SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Free-Space Laser Communications CY AUG, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE retroreflector; interference; scintillation index ID SCINTILLATION; PROPAGATION; BEAM AB An experimental study has been made on the contribution to the effective scintillation index due to aperture averaging and interference effects when using multiple retroreflectors in free-space optical links. These studies are of relevance to asymmetric data links where modulating retroreflectors are used at the remote end of the free-space optical link. For closely spaced retroreflectors the effect of coherent interference at the receiver is seen to increase the effective variance of the received signal, whereas spatial averaging is apparent for more widely spaced retroreflectors. The scintillation index, probability density functions, and fade rates are all affected by the interference. Experiments were conducted over both a short-range (500 to 800 m) and a longrange (16 km) link. The long-range link used three retroreflectors having a spacing that was large enough that interference effects contributed minimally to the observed variance. However, the variance clearly depended on the number of retroreflectors. In addition to measuring the scintillation index, images of the returned light were recorded using a fast framing camera. These experiments were conducted over land and mixed water-land terrains in the case of the short-range links, and exclusively over water in the case of the 16-km link from Chesapeake Beach to Tilghman Island. (C) 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 [Mahon, Rita] L 3Comm Titan Grp, Reston, VA 20190 USA. [Rabinovich, William S.; Burris, Harris R., Jr.; Ferraro, Mike S.; Moore, Christopher I.; Murphy, James; Suite, Michelle R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Plett, Mark] Univ Maryland, LPS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stell, Mena] Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Mahon, R (reprint author), L 3Comm Titan Grp, 11955 Freedom Dr, Reston, VA 20190 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD APR PY 2008 VL 47 IS 4 AR 046002 DI 10.1117/1.2911029 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 306IT UT WOS:000256242200027 ER PT J AU Plett, M Rabinovich, WS Mahon, R Ferraro, MS Goetz, PG Moore, CI Freeman, W AF Plett, Mark Rabinovich, William S. Mahon, Rita Ferraro, Mike S. Goetz, Peter G. Moore, Christopher I. Freeman, Wade TI Free-space optical communication link across 16 kilometers over the Chesapeake Bay to a modulated retroreflector array SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE free-space; optical; communications; retroreflector; array; tracking; interrogator; IR AB This paper presents the results of a successful bidirectional free-space optical link across 16 km to a modulated retroreflector array. The link was implemented at the Naval Research Laboratory's Chesapeake Bay Detachment laser test range. A 6-W cw 1550-nm class 1 M interrogation beam was used to illuminate an array of three modulated cat's-eye retroreflectors located on a tower across the Chesapeake Bay on Tilghman Island. The modulated retroreflectors had a diameter of 16 mm and were arranged in a triangular pattern with a spacing of 30 cm. The interrogating terminal employed a 100-mu rad divergence and a high-speed pointing and tracking system to maintain link alignment. Link testing occurred over 12 days in the months of September, October, and November of 2006. Topics presented in this paper include the link scenario for the 16-km free-space optical link, the link budget, and terminal designs, as well as link acquisition and performance. Link performance results presented include data transmission throughput, scintillation data, and pointing and tracking results. (C) 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 [Plett, Mark] Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD USA. [Rabinovich, William S.; Goetz, Peter G.; Moore, Christopher I.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mahon, Rita] L3 Commun Titan Grp, Reston, VA 20190 USA. [Ferraro, Mike S.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Freeman, Wade] Smart Log Inc, Vienna, VA 22180 USA. RP Plett, M (reprint author), Lab Phys Sci, 8050 Greenmead Dr, College Pk, MD USA. EM mplett@lps.umd.edu NR 8 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD APR PY 2008 VL 47 IS 4 AR 045001 DI 10.1117/1.2903104 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 306IT UT WOS:000256242200016 ER PT J AU Kuhn, MA Ross, G AF Kuhn, Michael A. Ross, Glen TI Acute elbow dislocations SO ORTHOPEDIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID JOINT AB The elbow is the second most commonly dislocated major joint in the adult age group and the most commonly dislocated major joint in the pediatric population. The mechanism of injury and resultant ligamentous disruption pattern have been investigated and noted. Classification of elbow dislocation is well described, and allows for appropriate treatment and rehabilitation. For stable reductions, an aggressive early ROM protocol emphasizing active motion has been helpful for maximizing final range of motion and minimizing extension loss. Associated injuries with elbow dislocation are common and can result in significant morbidity if not diagnosed and treated. C1 [Kuhn, Michael A.] USN Hosp Camp Lejeune, Dept Orthopaed, Camp Lejeune, NC 28547 USA. [Ross, Glen] New England Bapist Hosp, Dept Orthopaed & Sports Med, Boston, MA 02120 USA. RP Kuhn, MA (reprint author), USN Hosp Camp Lejeune, Dept Orthopaed, 100 Brewster Blvd, Camp Lejeune, NC 28547 USA. EM drmakuhn@hotmail.com NR 9 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0030-5898 J9 ORTHOP CLIN N AM JI Orthop. Clin. North Am. PD APR PY 2008 VL 39 IS 2 BP 155 EP + DI 10.1016/j.ocl.2007.12.004 PG 8 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 297WF UT WOS:000255647400003 PM 18374806 ER PT J AU Olsen, EA AF Olsen, Edward A. TI Korean nationalism in a divided nation: Challenges to US policy SO PACIFIC FOCUS LA English DT Article DE nationalism; ethnicity; identity; inter-Korean; anti-Americanism; unification AB Korean nationalism poses challenges for Koreans dwelling in each half of the divided Korean nation because each half of the nation must simultaneously deal with both their own and the other half's form of semi-nationalism and also with peninsular pan-nationalism. Coping with these three forms of nationalism is also a problem for US policy toward each Korean state and toward inter-Korean relations. Understanding the historical evolution of these dynamics is crucial to all three players, but their perspectives on that historical legacy differ adding to the complexity of the issue. The ways in which China, Russia and Japan cope with Korean nationalism further complicates matters for US policy. Over time, as a unified Korea's nationalism becomes more likely, the USA shall have to adapt its policy toward Korea in a more creative manner. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Natl Secur Affairs & Asian Studies, Monterey, CA USA. RP Olsen, EA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Natl Secur Affairs & Asian Studies, Monterey, CA USA. EM eolsen@nps.navy.mil NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU INHA UNIV, CTR INT STUDIES PI INCHEON PA NO 253 YONGHYUN-DONG, NAM-KU, INCHEON, 402-751, SOUTH KOREA SN 1225-4657 J9 PAC FOCUS JI Pac. Focus PD APR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 4 EP 21 DI 10.1111/j.1976-5118.2008.00002.x PG 18 WC Area Studies; International Relations SC Area Studies; International Relations GA 285SI UT WOS:000254796100002 ER PT J AU Ganal, CD Foster, CW AF Ganal, Claire D. Foster, Christopher W. TI Parenting in practice: Help or hindrance? SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CARE C1 [Ganal, Claire D.; Foster, Christopher W.] USN, Med Corps, San Diego, CA USA. [Ganal, Claire D.; Foster, Christopher W.] Naval Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Ganal, CD (reprint author), USN, Med Corps, San Diego, CA USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 4 BP 256 EP 260 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 287JN UT WOS:000254913500010 PM 18488983 ER PT J AU Blaschke, GS Lopreiato, JO Bedingfield, B Rash, FC Burke, AE Goldstein, R Shope, TR Johnson, C Biagioli, FE Beers, NS Hagan, JF AF Blaschke, Gregory S. Lopreiato, Joseph O. Bedingfield, Bruce Rash, Francis C. Burke, Ann E. Goldstein, Rick Shope, Timothy R. Johnson, Christine Biagioli, Frances E. Beers, Nathaniel S. Hagan, Joseph F., Jr. TI Choosing the bright futures guidelines: Lessons from leaders and early adopters SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article C1 USN, Naval Med Ctr, Med Corps, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Blaschke, GS (reprint author), USN, Naval Med Ctr, Med Corps, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM Gregory.Blaschke@med.navy.mil NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 4 BP 262 EP 272 PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 287JN UT WOS:000254913500011 PM 18488984 ER PT J AU Economou, SE Reinecke, TL AF Economou, Sophia E. Reinecke, T. L. TI Proposal for fast optical spin rotations in quantum dots SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Modulated Semiconductor Structures (MSS13)/17th International Conference on Electronic Properties of 2-Dimensional Systems CY JUL 15-20, 2007 CL Genova, ITALY DE optical control; quantum dots; spin manipulation; coherent control AB A proposal for fast optical rotation of the spin of an electron in a quantum dot is presented. Hyperbolic secant pulses of appropriate polarization are employed to induce a relative phase between two spin basis states. This phase is the angle of spin rotation, and the polarization determines the direction of the spin. Varying both allows for the construction of arbitrary rotations. Simulations with typical parameters for InAs self-assembled quantum dots-including dissipative dynamics-show that the fidelity of the operations is at least 99%. The effect of deviation from the ideal pulse shape is also examined. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Economou, Sophia E.; Reinecke, T. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Economou, SE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM economou@bloch.nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD APR PY 2008 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1933 EP 1934 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2007.08.134 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 298WI UT WOS:000255717400047 ER PT J AU Cola, A Persano, A Currie, M Convertino, A Lomascolo, M Nabet, B AF Cola, A. Persano, A. Currie, M. Convertino, A. Lomascolo, M. Nabet, B. TI Carrier dynamics in InAs quantum dots investigated by current transient response to quasi-resonant interband excitation SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Modulated Semiconductor Structures (MSS13)/17th International Conference on Electronic Properties of 2-Dimensional Systems CY JUL 15-20, 2007 CL Genova, ITALY DE quantum dot; photodetector; carrier escape; current transient ID MU-M; EMISSION AB We have investigated the photocurrent transient response of planar metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) structures containing a single layer of self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QDs) embedded in different matrices of GaAs or InGaAs. Growth conditions are such that ground state transition energies correspond to the wavelength range of 1.2-1.3 mu m. Electron-hole pairs are created in the QDs, due to a quasi-resonant interband excitation, allowing for direct observation of the carrier dynamics under lateral electric field. Results prove the reasonable detection capability of one layer of QDs in a common photodetector structure with time responses of the order of 10 ps. A long tail, about 100 ps, but at a small fraction of the peak response amplitude is also observed. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cola, A.; Persano, A.; Lomascolo, M.] IMM CNR, Ist Microelettron & Microsistemi, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Persano, A.] Univ Salento, Dipartimento Ingn Innovaz, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Currie, M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Convertino, A.] ISMN CNR, Ist Studio Mat Nanostrutturati, I-00016 Rome, Italy. [Nabet, B.] Drexel Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Persano, A (reprint author), IMM CNR, Ist Microelettron & Microsistemi, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. EM anna.persano@le.imm.cnr.it RI Cola, Adriano/G-2379-2010; OI LOMASCOLO, MAURO/0000-0002-2851-8552; PERSANO, ANNA/0000-0002-4239-4074 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD APR PY 2008 VL 40 IS 6 BP 2119 EP 2121 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2007.10.040 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 298WI UT WOS:000255717400107 ER PT J AU Johannes, MD Mazin, II AF Johannes, M. D. Mazin, I. I. TI Fermi surface nesting and the origin of charge density waves in metals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INSTABILITY; DICHALCOGENIDES; ENERGY; MODE; NB AB The concept of a charge density wave (CDW), which is induced by Fermi-surface nesting, originated from the Peierls idea of electronic instabilities in purely one-dimensional metals and is now often applied to charge ordering in real low-dimensional materials. The idea is that if Fermi surface contours coincide when shifted along the observed CDW wave vector, then the CDW is considered to be nesting derived. We show that, in most cases, this procedure has no predictive power, since Fermi surfaces either do not nest at the right wave vector or nest more strongly at the wrong vector. We argue that only a tiny fraction, if any, of the observed charge ordering phase transitions are true analogs of the Peierls instability because electronic instabilities are easily destroyed by even small deviations from perfect nesting conditions. By using prototypical CDW materials NbSe2, TaSe2, and CeTe3, we show that such conditions are hardly ever fulfilled and that the CDW phases are actually structural phase transitions driven by the concerted action of electronic and ionic subsystems, i.e., a q-dependent electron-phonon coupling plays an indispensable part. We also mathematically show that the original Peierls construction is so fragile that it is unlikely to apply to real materials. We argue that no meaningful distinction between a CDW and an incommensurate lattice transition exists. C1 [Johannes, M. D.; Mazin, I. I.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johannes, MD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 6393, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 36 TC 142 Z9 142 U1 15 U2 69 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2008 VL 77 IS 16 AR 165135 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.165135 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 295EJ UT WOS:000255457500049 ER PT J AU Witzel, WM Das Sarma, S AF Witzel, W. M. Das Sarma, S. TI Wavefunction considerations for the central spin decoherence problem in a nuclear spin bath SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC RESONANCE; SPECTRAL DIFFUSION; QUANTUM COMPUTATION; EXCHANGE; SEMICONDUCTORS; SILICON; SOLIDS; MANIPULATION; DECAY; FIELD AB Decoherence of a localized electron spin in a solid state material (the "central spin" problem) at low temperature is believed to be dominated by interactions with nuclear spins in the lattice. This decoherence is partially suppressed through the application of a large magnetic field that splits the energy levels of the electron spin and prevents depolarization. However, the dephasing decoherence resulting from a dynamical nuclear spin bath cannot be removed in this way. Fluctuations of the nuclear field lead to an uncertainty of the electron's precessional frequency in a process known as spectral diffusion. This paper considers the effect of the electron's wavefunction shape on spectral diffusion and provides wavefunction dependent decoherence time formulas for a free induction decay as well as spin echoes and concatenated dynamical decoupling schemes for enhancing coherence. We also discuss a dephasing of a qubit encoded in singlet-triplet states of a double quantum dot. A central theoretical result of this work is the development of a continuum approximation for the spectral diffusion problem which we have applied to GaAs and InAs materials specifically. C1 [Witzel, W. M.; Das Sarma, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Witzel, W. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Witzel, WM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Das Sarma, Sankar/B-2400-2009 OI Das Sarma, Sankar/0000-0002-0439-986X NR 63 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2008 VL 77 IS 16 AR 165319 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.165319 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 295EJ UT WOS:000255457500076 ER PT J AU Smith, RK Montgomery, MT Vogl, S AF Smith, Roger K. Montgomery, Michael T. Vogl, Stefanie TI A critique of Emanuel's hurricane model and potential intensity theory SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclone; typhoon; boundary layer; friction layer; gradient wind balance ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATION; TROPICAL CYCLONES; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ISABEL 2003; BONNIE 1998; PART I; EYEWALL; EYE; SENSITIVITY AB We present a critique of Emanuel's steady-state hurricane model, which is a precursor to his theory for hurricane potential intensity ( PI). We show that a major deficiency of the theory is the tacit assumption of gradient wind balance in the boundary layer, a layer that owes its existence to gradient wind imbalance in the radial momentum equation. If a more complete boundary-layer formulation is included using the gradient wind profiles obtained from Emanuel's theory, the tangential wind speed in the boundary layer becomes supergradient, invalidating the assumption of gradient wind balance. We show that the degree to which the tangential wind is supergradient depends on the assumed boundary-layer depth. The full boundary-layer solutions require a knowledge of the tangential wind profile above the boundary layer in the outer region where there is subsidence into the layer and they depend on the breadth of this profile. This effect is not considered in Emanuel's theory. We argue that a more complete theory for the steady-state hurricane would require the radial pressure gradient above the boundary layer to be prescribed or determined independently of the boundary layer. The issues raised herein highlight a fundamental problem with Emanuel's theory for PI, since that theory makes the same assumptions as in the steady-state hurricane model. Our current findings together with recent studies examining intense hurricanes suggest a way forward towards a more consistent theory for hurricane PI. Copyright (C) 2008 Royal Meteorological Society. C1 [Smith, Roger K.; Vogl, Stefanie] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAAs Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Smith, RK (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM roger.smith@lmu.de NR 29 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 134 IS 632 BP 551 EP 561 DI 10.1002/qj.241 PN A PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 349PI UT WOS:000259292600001 ER PT J AU Van Sang, N Smith, RK Montgomery, MT AF Van Sang, Nguyen Smith, Roger K. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Tropical-cyclone intensification and predictability in three dimensions SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hurricane; tropical cyclone; typhoon; vortical hot towers; coherent structures; rapid intensification; predictability ID VORTEX ROSSBY-WAVES; PRIMITIVE EQUATION MODEL; HURRICANE-BONNIE 1998; PART I; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; VERTICAL SHEAR; DOPPLER RADAR; SPIRAL BANDS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; BAROCLINIC VORTICES AB We present numerical-model experiments to investigate the dynamics of tropical-cyclone amplification and its predictability in three dimensions. For the prototype amplification problem beginning with a weak-tropical-storm-strength vortex, the emergent flow becomes highly asymmetric and dominated by deep convective vortex structures, even though the problem as posed is essentially axisymmetric. The asymmetries that develop are highly sensitive to the boundary-layer moisture distribution. When a small random moisture perturbation is added in the boundary layer at the initial time, the pattern of evolution of the flow asymmetries is changed dramatically, and a non-negligible spread in the local and azimuthally-averaged intensity results. We conclude, first, that the flow on the convective scales exhibits a degree of randomness, and only those asymmetric features that survive in an ensemble average of many realizations can be regarded as robust; and secondly, that there is an intrinsic uncertainty in the prediction of maximum intensity using either maximum-wind or minimum-surface-pressure metrics. There are clear implications for the possibility of deterministic forecasts of the mesoscale structure of tropical cyclones, which may have a major impact on the intensity and on rapid intensity changes. Some other aspects of vortex structure are addressed also, including vortex-size parameters, and sensitivity to the inclusion of different physical processes or higher spatial resolution. We investigate also the analogous problem on a beta-plane, a prototype problem for tropical-cyclone motion. A new perspective on the putative role of the wind-evaporation feedback process for tropical-cyclone intensification is offered also. The results provide new insight into the fluid dynamics of the intensification process in three dimensions, and at the same time suggest limitations of deterministic prediction for the mesoscale structure. Larger-scale characteristics, such as the radius of gale-force winds and beta-gyres, are found to be less variable than their mesoscale counterparts. Copyright (C) 2008 Royal Meteorological Society. C1 [Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Van Sang, Nguyen; Smith, Roger K.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80539 Munich, Germany. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Montgomery, MT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mtmontgo@nps.edu FU US Office of Naval Research [N00014-03-1-0185]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0715426, ATM-0649943, ATM-0649944, ATM-0649946]; German Research Council (DFG) FX This research was supported in part by Grant No. N00014-03-1-0185 from the US Office of Naval Research and by National Science Foundation Grants ATM-0715426, ATM-0649943, ATM-0649944, and ATM-0649946. The first author is grateful for travel support provided by the German Research Council (DFG) as part of the Project 'Improved quantitative precipitation forecasting in Vietnam'. NR 78 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 134 IS 632 BP 563 EP 582 DI 10.1002/qj.235 PN A PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 349PI UT WOS:000259292600002 ER PT J AU Lewis, AC Suh, C Stukowski, M Geltmacher, AB Rajan, K Spanos, G AF Lewis, A. C. Suh, C. Stukowski, M. Geltmacher, A. B. Rajan, K. Spanos, G. TI Tracking correlations between mechanical response and microstructure in three-dimensional reconstructions of a commercial stainless steel SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE 3-D reconstruction; finite element analysis; quantitative data mining; austenitic steels ID 3D RECONSTRUCTION; ALUMINUM AB A three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of the microstructure of an austenitic stainless steel, incorporating experimentally measured spatial and crystallographic data, was input into 3-D finite element simulations of the mechanical response of the microstructure. Visualizations in two and three dimensions were used for qualitative analyses of the simulation results. Subsequently, quantitative image-based data mining and warehousing techniques were employed to determine correlations between mechanical behavior and microstructure, and to identify artifacts resulting from boundary conditions. (C) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lewis, A. C.; Geltmacher, A. B.; Spanos, G.] USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Suh, C.; Stukowski, M.; Rajan, K.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA USA. RP Lewis, AC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Code 6350, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM alexis.lewis@nrl.navy.mil RI Suh, Changwon/N-1297-2014; Albe, Karsten/F-1139-2011 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD APR PY 2008 VL 58 IS 7 BP 575 EP 578 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.11.030 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 269ZJ UT WOS:000253689100014 ER PT J AU Howard, RA Moses, JD Vourlidas, A Newmark, JS Socker, DG Plunkett, SP Korendyke, CM Cook, JW Hurley, A Davila, JM Thompson, WT St Cyr, OC Mentzell, E Mehalick, K Lemen, JR Wuelser, JP Duncan, DW Tarbell, TD Wolfson, CJ Moore, A Harrison, RA Waltham, NR Lang, J Davis, CJ Eyles, CJ Mapson-Menard, H Simnett, GM Halain, JP Defise, JM Mazy, E Rochus, P Mercier, R Ravet, MF Delmotte, F Auchere, F Delaboudiniere, JP Bothmer, V Deutsch, W Wang, D Rich, N Cooper, S Stephens, V Maahs, G Baugh, R McMullin, D Carter, T AF Howard, R. A. Moses, J. D. Vourlidas, A. Newmark, J. S. Socker, D. G. Plunkett, S. P. Korendyke, C. M. Cook, J. W. Hurley, A. Davila, J. M. Thompson, W. T. St Cyr, O. C. Mentzell, E. Mehalick, K. Lemen, J. R. Wuelser, J. P. Duncan, D. W. Tarbell, T. D. Wolfson, C. J. Moore, A. Harrison, R. A. Waltham, N. R. Lang, J. Davis, C. J. Eyles, C. J. Mapson-Menard, H. Simnett, G. M. Halain, J. P. Defise, J. M. Mazy, E. Rochus, P. Mercier, R. Ravet, M. F. Delmotte, F. Auchere, F. Delaboudiniere, J. P. Bothmer, V. Deutsch, W. Wang, D. Rich, N. Cooper, S. Stephens, V. Maahs, G. Baugh, R. McMullin, D. Carter, T. TI Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI) SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE solar corona; Lyot coronagraph; XUV heliograph; heliospheric imager; coronal loops; coronal mass ejections; stereo; heliosphere ID TRANSITION REGION; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; IMAGER; EXPLORER; CHIANTI AB The Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI) is a five telescope package, which has been developed for the Solar Terrestrial Relation Observatory (STEREO) mission by the Naval Research Laboratory (USA), the Lockheed Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory (USA), the Goddard Space Flight Center (USA), the University of Birmingham (UK), the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (Germany), the Centre Spatiale de Leige (Belgium), the Institut d'Optique (France) and the Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (France). SECCHI comprises five telescopes, which together image the solar corona from the solar disk to beyond 1 AU. These telescopes are: an extreme ultraviolet imager (EUVI: 1-1.7 R-circle dot), two traditional Lyot coronagraphs (COR1: 1.5-4 R-circle dot and COR2: 2.5-15 R-circle dot) and two new designs of heliospheric imagers (HI-1: 15-84 R-circle dot and HI-2: 66-318 R-circle dot). All the instruments use 2048x2048 pixel CCD arrays in a backside-in mode. The EUVI backside surface has been specially processed for EUV sensitivity, while the others have an anti-reflection coating applied. A multi-tasking operating system, running on a PowerPC CPU, receives commands from the spacecraft, controls the instrument operations, acquires the images and compresses them for downlink through the main science channel (at compression factors typically up to 20x) and also through a low bandwidth channel to be used for space weather forecasting (at compression factors up to 200x). An image compression factor of about 10x enable the collection of images at the rate of about one every 2-3 minutes. Identical instruments, except for different sizes of occulters, are included on the STEREO-A and STEREO-B spacecraft. C1 [Howard, R. A.; Moses, J. D.; Vourlidas, A.; Newmark, J. S.; Socker, D. G.; Plunkett, S. P.; Korendyke, C. M.; Cook, J. W.; Hurley, A.] USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Davila, J. M.; Thompson, W. T.; St Cyr, O. C.; Mentzell, E.; Mehalick, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20742 USA. [Lemen, J. R.; Wuelser, J. P.; Duncan, D. W.; Tarbell, T. D.; Wolfson, C. J.; Moore, A.] Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Harrison, R. A.; Waltham, N. R.; Lang, J.; Davis, C. J.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 OQX, Oxon, England. [Eyles, C. J.; Mapson-Menard, H.; Simnett, G. M.] Univ Birmingham, Astrophys & Space Res Grp, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Halain, J. P.; Defise, J. M.; Mazy, E.; Rochus, P.] Univ Liege, Ctr Spatiale Liege, B-4031 Angleur, Belgium. [Auchere, F.; Delaboudiniere, J. P.] Ctr Univ Orsay, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Bothmer, V.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Astrophys, Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Deutsch, W.] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Wang, D.; Rich, N.] Interferometr Inc, Herndon, VA USA. [Cooper, S.; Stephens, V.; Maahs, G.] HYTEC Inc, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Baugh, R.; McMullin, D.; Carter, T.] Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. RP Howard, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM russ.howard@nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Thompson, William/D-7376-2012; Scott, Christopher/H-8664-2012; OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Scott, Christopher/0000-0001-6411-5649; Auchere, Frederic/0000-0003-0972-7022 NR 25 TC 762 Z9 775 U1 8 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD APR PY 2008 VL 136 IS 1-4 BP 67 EP 115 DI 10.1007/s11214-008-9341-4 PG 49 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 322OC UT WOS:000257384200005 ER PT J AU Aschwanden, MJ Burlaga, LF Kaiser, ML Ng, CK Reames, DV Reiner, MJ Gombosi, TI Lugaz, N Manchester, W IV Roussev, II Zurbuchen, TH Farrugia, CJ Galvin, AB Lee, MA Linker, JA Mikic, Z Riley, P Alexander, D Sandman, AW Cook, JW Howard, RA Odstrcil, D Pizzo, VJ Kota, J Liewer, PC Luhmann, JG Inhester, B Schwenn, RW Solanki, SK Vasyliunas, VM Wiegelmann, T Blush, L Bochsler, P Cairns, IH Robinson, PA Bothmer, V Kecskemety, K Llebaria, A Maksimovic, M Scholer, M Wimmer-Schweingruber, RF AF Aschwanden, Markus J. Burlaga, L. F. Kaiser, M. L. Ng, C. K. Reames, D. V. Reiner, M. J. Gombosi, T. I. Lugaz, N. Manchester, W., IV Roussev, I. I. Zurbuchen, T. H. Farrugia, C. J. Galvin, A. B. Lee, M. A. Linker, J. A. Mikic, Z. Riley, P. Alexander, D. Sandman, A. W. Cook, J. W. Howard, R. A. Odstrcil, D. Pizzo, V. J. Kota, J. Liewer, P. C. Luhmann, J. G. Inhester, B. Schwenn, R. W. Solanki, S. K. Vasyliunas, V. M. Wiegelmann, T. Blush, L. Bochsler, P. Cairns, I. H. Robinson, P. A. Bothmer, V. Kecskemety, K. Llebaria, A. Maksimovic, M. Scholer, M. Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F. TI Theoretical modeling for the STEREO mission SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE STEREO mission; solar corona; solar wind; coronal mass ejection (CME); solar filaments; heliosphere; interplanetary shocks; interplanetary particle beams; solar energetic particle events (SEP); solar flares; space weather; stereoscopy; 3D reconstruction techniques; white-light emission; EUV emission; interplanetary radio emission ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR RADIO-BURSTS; ACTIVE-REGION LOOPS; SPACE WEATHER EVENT; WHITE-LIGHT IMAGES; MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPE; AB-INITIO APPROACH; GLOBAL MHD MODEL; WHOLE SUN MONTH; 3-DIMENSIONAL PROPAGATION AB We summarize the theory and modeling efforts for the STEREO mission, which will be used to interpret the data of both the remote-sensing (SECCHI, SWAVES) and in-situ instruments (IMPACT, PLASTIC). The modeling includes the coronal plasma, in both open and closed magnetic structures, and the solar wind and its expansion outwards from the Sun, which defines the heliosphere. Particular emphasis is given to modeling of dynamic phenomena associated with the initiation and propagation of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The modeling of the CME initiation includes magnetic shearing, kink instability, filament eruption, and magnetic reconnection in the flaring lower corona. The modeling of CME propagation entails interplanetary shocks, interplanetary particle beams, solar energetic particles (SEPs), geoeffective connections, and space weather. This review describes mostly existing models of groups that have committed their work to the STEREO mission, but is by no means exhaustive or comprehensive regarding alternative theoretical approaches. C1 [Aschwanden, Markus J.] Lockheed Martin ATC, Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Burlaga, L. F.; Kaiser, M. L.; Ng, C. K.; Reames, D. V.; Reiner, M. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gombosi, T. I.; Lugaz, N.; Manchester, W., IV; Roussev, I. I.; Zurbuchen, T. H.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Farrugia, C. J.; Galvin, A. B.; Lee, M. A.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Linker, J. A.; Mikic, Z.; Riley, P.] SAIC, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Alexander, D.; Sandman, A. W.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Cook, J. W.; Howard, R. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Odstrcil, D.; Pizzo, V. J.] NOAA, SEC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Kota, J.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Liewer, P. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Luhmann, J. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Inhester, B.; Schwenn, R. W.; Solanki, S. K.; Vasyliunas, V. M.; Wiegelmann, T.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Blush, L.; Bochsler, P.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Cairns, I. H.; Robinson, P. A.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Bothmer, V.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Astrophys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Kecskemety, K.] HKFI RMKI, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. [Llebaria, A.] CNRS, Astron Spatiale Lab, F-13376 Marseille, France. [Maksimovic, M.] Observ Paris, CNRS, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Maksimovic, M.] Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Scholer, M.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Ctr Interdisciplinary Plasma Sci, D-85740 Munich, Germany. [Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F.] Univ Kiel, Phys IEAP, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. RP Aschwanden, MJ (reprint author), Lockheed Martin ATC, Solar & Astrophys Lab, 3251 Hanover St, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM aschwanden@1msa1.com RI Lugaz, Noe/C-1284-2008; Roussev, Ilia/E-9141-2011; Gombosi, Tamas/G-4238-2011; Manchester, Ward/I-9422-2012; Galvin, Antoinette/A-6114-2013; Solanki, Sami/E-2487-2013; OI Lugaz, Noe/0000-0002-1890-6156; Gombosi, Tamas/0000-0001-9360-4951; Solanki, Sami/0000-0002-3418-8449; Cairns, Iver/0000-0001-6978-9765 NR 218 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD APR PY 2008 VL 136 IS 1-4 BP 565 EP 604 DI 10.1007/s11214-006-9027-8 PG 40 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 322OC UT WOS:000257384200019 ER PT J AU Peticolas, LM Craig, N Kucera, T Michels, DJ Gerulskis, J MacDowall, RJ Beisser, K Chrissotimos, C Luhmann, JG Galvin, AB Ratta, L Drobnes, E Mendez, BJ Hill, S Marren, K Howard, R AF Peticolas, L. M. Craig, N. Kucera, T. Michels, D. J. Gerulskis, J. MacDowall, R. J. Beisser, K. Chrissotimos, C. Luhmann, J. G. Galvin, A. B. Ratta, L. Drobnes, E. Mendez, B. J. Hill, S. Marren, K. Howard, R. TI The solar terrestrial relations observatory (STEREO) Education and Outreach (E/PO) program SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE education; outreach; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : particle emission; Sun : solar-terrestrial relations AB The STEREO mission's Education and Outreach (E/PO) program began early enough its team benefited from many lessons learned as NASA's E/PO profession matured. Originally made up of discrete programs, by launch the STEREO E/PO program had developed into a quality suite containing all the program elements now considered standard: education workshops, teacher/student guides, national and international collaboration, etc. The benefit of bringing so many unique programs together is the resulting diverse portfolio, with scientists, E/PO professionals, and their education partners all of whom can focus on excellent smaller programs. The drawback is a less cohesive program nearly impossible to evaluate in its entirety with the given funding. When individual components were evaluated, we found our programs mostly made positive impact. In this paper, we elaborate on the programs, hoping that others will effectively use or improve upon them. When possible, we indicate the programs' effects on their target audiences. C1 [Peticolas, L. M.; Craig, N.; Luhmann, J. G.; Mendez, B. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kucera, T.; MacDowall, R. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Michels, D. J.; Howard, R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gerulskis, J.] Christa McAuliffe Planetarium, Concord, NH 03301 USA. [Beisser, K.; Marren, K.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Chrissotimos, C.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Cranbury, NJ 08512 USA. [Galvin, A. B.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Ratta, L.] Integrated Commun Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Drobnes, E.] ADNEt Syst Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Hill, S.] RS Informat Syst, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Peticolas, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, 77 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM laura@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Kucera, Therese/C-9558-2012; MacDowall, Robert/D-2773-2012; OI Kucera, Therese/0000-0001-9632-447X NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD APR PY 2008 VL 136 IS 1-4 BP 627 EP 646 DI 10.1007/s11214-007-9287-y PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 322OC UT WOS:000257384200021 ER PT J AU Stevenson, J AF Stevenson, Jonathan TI Kenya's retrograde election SO SURVIVAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Stevenson, J (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0039-6338 J9 SURVIVAL JI Survival PD APR-MAY PY 2008 VL 50 IS 2 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1080/00396330802034176 PG 8 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 288RI UT WOS:000255003100002 ER PT J AU Barton, O AF Barton, Oscar, Jr. TI Buckling of simply supported rectangular plates under combined bending and compression using eigensensitivity analysis SO THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE buckling analysis; stability analysis; combined loading ID COMPOSITE PLATES; SHEAR AB In this paper, an approximate quadratic closed-form expression is presented for the critical buckling analysis of a plate subjected to combined bending and compression. The formula is developed by expanding the eigenvalue, the critical buckling load, for a plate under combined bending and compression in a Mauclatirin's series about a plate subjected only to compression. The general expression can be used for all combinations of simply supported and clamped rectangular plates boundary conditions. An explicit formula in terms of the plate aspect ratio R and plate load parameter a is evaluated for simply supported plates. Compared with the Rayleigh-Ritz method, this approximate expression provides an excellent comparison when the load parameter alpha <= 1.52 for plate aspect ratio between 0.2 <= R <= 2.8. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Barton, O (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM obarton@usna.edu NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8231 J9 THIN WALL STRUCT JI Thin-Walled Struct. PD APR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 4 BP 435 EP 441 DI 10.1016/j.tws.2007.07.021 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 291UT UT WOS:000255223200010 ER PT J AU Sampson, CR Franklin, JL Knaff, JA Demaria, M AF Sampson, Charles R. Franklin, James L. Knaff, John A. Demaria, Mark TI Experiments with a simple tropical cyclone intensity consensus SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE PREDICTION SYSTEM; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; MODEL; FORECASTS; SCHEME; WINDS; DECAY; IMPROVEMENTS; PERFORMANCE; LANDFALL AB Consensus forecasts (forecasts created by combining output from individual forecasts) have become an integral part of operational tropical cyclone track forecasting. Consensus aids, which generally have lower average errors than individual models, benefit from the skill and independence of the consensus members, both of which are present in track forecasting, but are limited in intensity forecasting. This study conducts experiments with intensity forecast aids on 4 yr of data (2003-06). First, the skill of the models is assessed; then simple consensus computations are constructed for the Atlantic, eastern North Pacific, and western North Pacific basins. A simple (i. e., equally weighted) consensus of three top-performing intensity forecast models is found to generally outperform the individual members in both the Atlantic and eastern North Pacific, and a simple consensus of two top-performing intensity forecast models is found to generally outperform the individual members in the western North Pacific. An experiment using an ensemble of dynamical model track forecasts and a selection of model fields as input in a statistical-dynamical intensity forecast model to produce intensity consensus members is conducted for the western North Pacific only. Consensus member skill at 72 h is low (-0.4% to 14.2%), and there is little independence among the members. This experiment demonstrates that a consensus of these highly dependent members yields an aid that performs as well as the most skillful member. Finally, adding a less skillful, but more independent, dynamical model-based forecast aid to the consensus yields an 11-member consensus with mixed yet promising performance compared with the 10-model consensus. Based on these findings, the simple three-member consensus model could be used as a standard of comparison for other deterministic ensemble methods for the Atlantic and eastern North Pacific. Both the two- and three-member consensus forecasts may also provide useful guidance for operational forecasters. Likewise, in the western North Pacific, the 10- and 11-member consensus could be used as operational forecast aids and standards of comparison for other ensemble intensity forecast methods. C1 [Sampson, Charles R.] NRL, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Franklin, James L.] Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Knaff, John A.; Demaria, Mark] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Sampson, CR (reprint author), NRL, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sampson@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; Sampson, Charles/F-5684-2010; DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; NR 38 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 304 EP 312 DI 10.1175/2007WAF2007028.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 289TT UT WOS:000255077500008 ER PT J AU Slingerland, R Selover, RW Ogston, AS Keen, TR Driscoll, NW Milliman, JD AF Slingerland, Rudy Selover, Robert W. Ogston, Andrea S. Keen, Timothy R. Driscoll, Neal W. Milliman, John D. TI Building the Holocene clinothem in the Gulf of Papua: An ocean circulation study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID AMAZON SHELF SEDIMENTATION; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; SAND-MUD DELTAS; NEW-GUINEA; FLY RIVER; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SUBAQUEOUS DELTA; OF-PAPUA; SEA; TRANSPORT AB This paper investigates the role that tidal and wind-driven flows and buoyant river plumes play in the development of the Holocene clinothem in the Gulf of Papua. Time series data from bottom tripods and a mooring were obtained at four locations near the mouth of the Fly River during portions of 2003 and 2004. Flows in the Gulf of Papua during calendar year 2003 were hindcast every 3 h using the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) with boundary conditions from the Navy Atmospheric Prediction System, the east Asian seas implementation of NCOM, and the OTIS Tidal Inversion System. Results show that tidal flows on the modern clinoform are strong and are landward and seaward directed. Peak spring tidal velocities can provide the shear stresses necessary to keep sediment up to sand size in motion as the wind-driven and baroclinic currents distribute it from the river mouths across and along the shelf in two circulation states. During the monsoon season, the clinoform topset is swept by a seaward surface flow and landward bottom flow, reflecting river plumes and coastal upwelling. Seaward, this structure evolves into a SW directed surface current over the clinothem foreset with accompanying landward directed near-bed currents that trend obliquely up the foreset to the WSW over much of the clinothem. During the trade wind season, the inner and outer topset are swept by NE directed, contour-parallel surface currents, underneath which lie obliquely landward near-bed currents. These modeled flows and complex gyres in shallow water coupled with wave- and current-supported gravity flows or river floods can explain the form, internal clinoform shapes, and mineralogy of the modern Gulf of Papua clinothem. C1 [Slingerland, Rudy; Selover, Robert W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Driscoll, Neal W.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Keen, Timothy R.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Milliman, John D.] Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Ogston, Andrea S.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Slingerland, R (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, 513A Deike, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sling@geosc.psu.edu NR 63 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD MAR 28 PY 2008 VL 113 IS F1 AR F01S14 DI 10.1029/2006JF000680 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 281XW UT WOS:000254533200001 ER PT J AU Norris, DJ Efros, AL Erwin, SC AF Norris, David J. Efros, Alexander L. Erwin, Steven C. TI Doped nanocrystals SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID QUANTUM DOTS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; ZNSE NANOCRYSTALS; ELECTRON; IMPURITY; SOLIDS; CELLS; FILMS AB The critical role that dopants play in semiconductor devices has stimulated research on the properties and the potential applications of semiconductor nanocrystals, or colloidal quantum dots, doped with intentional impurities. We review advances in the chemical synthesis of doped nanocrystals, in the theoretical understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that control doping, and in the creation of highly conducting nanocrystalline films. Because impurities can be used to alter the properties of nanoscale materials in desirable and controllable ways, doped nanocrystals can address key problems in applications from solar cells to bioimaging. C1 [Norris, David J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Efros, Alexander L.; Erwin, Steven C.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Norris, DJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM dnorris@umn.edu RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Norris, David/F-4022-2010 NR 38 TC 764 Z9 772 U1 32 U2 440 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 28 PY 2008 VL 319 IS 5871 BP 1776 EP 1779 DI 10.1126/science.1143802 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 279ZF UT WOS:000254394000029 PM 18369131 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Capaccioli, S Shinyashiki, N AF Ngai, K. L. Capaccioli, S. Shinyashiki, N. TI The protein "glass" transition and the role of the solvent SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ALPHA-RELAXATION; COUPLING MODEL; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; DYNAMICAL TRANSITION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; MYOGLOBIN; WATER AB Hydrated proteins undergo a change in their dynamical properties in the neighborhood of a temperature. The change of dynamics has been likened to glass transition of glass-forming substances because similar properties were found. However, a complete understanding of the conformation fluctuations of hydrated proteins and their relation to the dynamics of the solvent is still not available, possibly due to the protein molecules being more complex than ordinary glass-formers. For this reason, we turn our attention to the experimental findings of the dynamics of mixtures of water with simpler glass-formers (small molecules and polymers). Two major relaxation processes have been observed in these aqueous mixtures. One is the structural alpha-relaxation of the hydrophilic glass-former hydrogen bonded to the water, which is responsible for glass transition. The other one is the local secondary beta-relaxation of water in the mixture. Remarkably, these two relaxation processes in aqueous mixtures have analogues in hydrated proteins with the same properties. The conformation fluctuations of the protein and the relaxation of the solvent in hydrated proteins behave like the alpha-relaxation of the hydrophilic glass-former hydrogen bonded to the water and the beta-relaxation of water in other aqueous mixtures, respectively. At low temperatures, the Arrhenius activation energy of the relaxation time of the solvent in a hydrated protein is almost the same as that of the beta-relaxation of water in the glassy states of aqueous mixtures. The Arrhenius T-dependence of the solvent relaxation times no longer holds at temperatures that exceed the "glass" transition temperature of the hydrated protein, defined as the temperature at which the conformation relaxation time is very long. This behavior of the solvent in hydrated proteins is similar to that found in the beta-relaxation of water in aqueous mixtures when crossing the glass transition temperature of the mixture (Capaccioli, S.; Ngai, K. L.; Shinyashiki, N. J. Phys. Chem. B 2007, 111, 8197). Furthermore, the same dynamics were found in mixtures of two van der Waals glass-formers, which are even simpler systems than aqueous mixtures because of the absence of hydrogen bonding. The experimental data of these ideal mixtures of van der Waals glass-formers have been given a satisfactory theoretical explanation. Since the properties of hydrated proteins, aqueous mixtures, and the mixtures of van der Waals liquids are similar, we transfer the theoretical understanding gained in the study of the last system sequentially to the two other increasingly more complex systems. C1 [Ngai, K. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Capaccioli, S.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Capaccioli, S.] Polylab CNR INFM, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Shinyashiki, N.] Tokai Univ, Dept Phys, Kanagawa 2591292, Japan. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012; OI Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918; Shinyashiki, Naoki/0000-0003-0486-2911 NR 54 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 27 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 12 BP 3826 EP 3832 DI 10.1021/jp710462e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 277JU UT WOS:000254209300031 PM 18318525 ER PT J AU Krowne, CA AF Krowne, Clifford A. TI Multi-species two-level atomic media displaying electromagnetic left handedness SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; CRYSTALS AB A multi-species two-level atomic system, the simplest being a representative two species collection of atoms studied here, contained in either a gaseous host medium or as dopants in a solid state host medium, determines the macroscopic permittivity and permeability seen by a probe field. Electronic or optical state initialization prepares the diagonal density matrix. Multi-species design of the atomic system allows assignment of different constituent densities in relation to the electric or magnetic matrix elements, generating left-handed electrodynamics in some detuning regions of the probe field. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM krowne@webbsight.nrl.navy.mil NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 EI 1873-2429 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD MAR 24 PY 2008 VL 372 IS 13 BP 2304 EP 2310 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2007.11.045 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 282GW UT WOS:000254556800030 ER PT J AU Janssen, TT Herbers, THC Battjes, JA AF Janssen, T. T. Herbers, T. H. C. Battjes, J. A. TI Evolution of ocean wave statistics in shallow water: Refraction and diffraction over seafloor topography SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE GRAVITY-WAVES; DIRECTIONAL SPECTRA; BREAKING WAVES; STOKES WAVES; MODEL; EQUATIONS; RADIOMETRY; COHERENCE; TRANSFORMATION; TRANSPORT AB We present a stochastic model for the evolution of random ocean surface waves in coastal waters with complex seafloor topography. First, we derive a deterministic coupled-mode model based on a forward scattering approximation of the nonlinear mild slope equation; this model describes the evolution of random, directionally spread waves over fully two-dimensional topography, while accounting for wide angle refraction/diffraction, and quadratic nonlinear coupling. On the basis of the deterministic evolution equations, we derive transport equations for the wave statistical moments. This stochastic model evolves the complete wave cross-correlation matrix and thus resolves spatially coherent wave interference patterns induced by topographic scattering as well as nonlinear energy transfers to higher and lower frequencies. In this paper we focus on the linear aspects of the interaction with seafloor topography. Comparison to analytic solutions and laboratory observations confirms that (1) the forward scattering approximation is suitable for realistic two-dimensional topography, and (2) the combined effects of wide angle refraction and diffraction are accurately captured by the stochastic model. C1 [Janssen, T. T.; Herbers, T. H. C.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Battjes, J. A.] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Sect Environm Fluid Mech, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. RP Janssen, TT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tjanssen@nps.edu NR 63 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 22 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C3 AR C03024 DI 10.1029/2007JC004410 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 281UZ UT WOS:000254525700001 ER PT J AU Navrotsky, A Mazeina, L Majzlan, J AF Navrotsky, Alexandra Mazeina, Lena Majzlan, Juraj TI Size-driven structural and thermodynamic complexity in iron oxides SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID LEPIDOCROCITE GAMMA-FEOOH; GOETHITE ALPHA-FEOOH; SURFACE ENTHALPY; WATER-ADSORPTION; HEMATITE; TEMPERATURE; MAGHEMITE; FERRIHYDRITE; TRANSFORMATION; NANOPARTICLES AB Iron oxides occur ubiquitously in environmental, geological, planetary, and technological settings. They exist in a rich variety of structures and hydration states. They are commonly fine- grained ( nanophase) and poorly crystalline. This review summarizes recently measured thermodynamic data on their formation and surface energies. These data are essential for calculating the thermodynamic stability fields of the various iron oxide and oxyhydroxide phases and understanding their occurrence in natural and anthropogenic environments. The competition between surface enthalpy and the energetics of phase transformation leads to the general conclusion that polymorphs metastable as micrometer- sized or larger crystals can often be thermodynamically stabilized at the nanoscale. Such size- driven crossovers in stability help to explain patterns of occurrence of different iron oxides in nature. C1 [Navrotsky, Alexandra] Univ Calif Davis, Peter A Rock Thermochem Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Navrotsky, Alexandra] Univ Calif Davis, Nanomat Environm Agr & Technol Organized Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mazeina, Lena] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Majzlan, Juraj] Univ Freiburg, Inst Mineral Petrol & Geochem, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. RP Navrotsky, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Peter A Rock Thermochem Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM anavrotsky@ucdavis.edu NR 31 TC 314 Z9 319 U1 36 U2 270 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 21 PY 2008 VL 319 IS 5870 BP 1635 EP 1638 DI 10.1126/science.1148614 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 276VR UT WOS:000254172300030 PM 18356516 ER PT J AU Morgan, CW Eyler, ME Kochanek, CS Morgan, ND Falco, EE Vuissoz, C Courbin, F Meylan, G AF Morgan, Christopher W. Eyler, Michael E. Kochanek, C. S. Morgan, Nicholas D. Falco, Emilio E. Vuissoz, C. Courbin, F. Meylan, G. TI Simultaneous estimation of time delays and quasar structure SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion,accretion disks; cosmology : observations; dark matter; gravitational lensing; quasars : general ID GRAVITATIONAL LENS; LIGHT CURVES; DARK-MATTER; BLACK-HOLES; HE-1104-1805; GALAXIES; COSMOGRAIL AB We expand our Bayesian Monte Carlo method for analyzing the light curves of gravitationally lensed quasars to simultaneously estimate time delays and the sizes of quasar continuum emission regions including their mutual uncertainties. We apply the method to HE1104 - 1805 and QJ0158 - 4325, two doubly imaged quasars with microlensing and intrinsic variability on comparable timescales. For HE1104 - 1805 the resulting time delay of Delta t(AB) = t(A) - t(B) = 162: 2(-5.9)(+6: 3) days and accretion disk size estimate of log {(r(s)/cm) cos (i)/ 0:5](1/2) = 15:7(-0.5)(+0.4) at 0.2 mu m in the rest frame and for inclination i are consistent with earlier estimates but suggest that existing methods for estimating time delays in the presence of microlensing underestimate the uncertainties. We are unable to measure a time delay for QJ0158 - 4325, but the accretion disk size is log[(r(s)/cm) [cos(i)/ 0: 5](1/2) = 14: 9 +/- 0: 3 at 0.3 mu m in the rest frame. C1 [Morgan, Christopher W.; Eyler, Michael E.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Morgan, Christopher W.; Kochanek, C. S.; Morgan, Nicholas D.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Falco, Emilio E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Courbin, F.; Meylan, G.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Astrophys Lab, CH-1290 Chavannes Des Bois, Switzerland. RP Morgan, CW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM cmorgan@usna.edu; m082022@usna.edu; ckochanek@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; nmorgan@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; efalco@cfa.harvard.edu NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2008 VL 676 IS 1 BP 80 EP 86 DI 10.1086/527371 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 275QG UT WOS:000254086100006 ER PT J AU Karpen, JT Antiochos, SK AF Karpen, J. T. Antiochos, S. K. TI Condensation formation by impulsive heating in prominences SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : prominences ID CORONAL LOOPS; THERMAL NONEQUILIBRIUM; SOLAR PROMINENCES; MODEL; DYNAMICS; EMISSION; THREADS; MOTIONS AB Our thermal nonequilibrium model for prominence formation provides an explanation for the well-observed presence of predominantly dynamic, cool, dense material suspended in the corona above filament channels. According to this model, condensations form readily along long, low-lying magnetic field lines when heating is localized near the chromosphere. Often this process yields a dynamic cycle in which condensations repeatedly form, stream along the field, and ultimately disappear by falling onto the nearest footpoint. Our previous studies employed only steady heating, as is consistent with some coronal observations, but many coronal heating models predict transient episodes of localized energy release (e.g., nanoflares). Here we present the results of a numerical investigation of impulsive heating in a model prominence flux tube and compare the outcome with previous steady-heating simulations. We find that condensations form readily when the average interval between heating events is less than the coronal radiative cooling time (similar to 2000 s). As the average interval between pulses decreases, the plasma evolution more closely resembles the steady-heating case. The heating scale and presence or absence of background heating also determine whether or not condensations form and how they evolve. Our results place important constraints on coronal heating in filament channels and strengthen the case for thermal nonequilibrium as the process responsible for the plasma structure in prominences. C1 [Karpen, J. T.; Antiochos, S. K.] USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Karpen, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM judy.karpen@nrl.navy.mil RI Karpen, Judith/E-1484-2012; Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 NR 30 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2008 VL 676 IS 1 BP 658 EP 671 DI 10.1086/526335 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 275QG UT WOS:000254086100050 ER PT J AU Winebarger, AR Warren, HP Falconer, DA AF Winebarger, Amy R. Warren, Harry P. Falconer, David A. TI Modeling X-ray loops and EUV "moss" in an active region core SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun : corona ID TRANSITION-REGION; CORONAL-EXPLORER; MAGNETIC-FIELD; TRACE; TEMPERATURE; TELESCOPE; EMISSION; DYNAMICS AB The soft X-ray intensity of loops in active region cores and the corresponding footpoint, or moss, intensity observed in the EUV remain steady for several hours of observation. The steadiness of the emission has prompted many to suggest that the heating in these loops must also be steady, although no direct comparison between the observed X-ray and EUV intensities and the steady heating solutions of the hydrodynamic equations has yet been made. In this paper we perform these simulations and simultaneously model the X-ray and EUV moss intensities in one active region core with steady uniform heating. To perform this task, we introduce a new technique to constrain the model parameters using the measured EUV footpoint intensity to infer a heating rate. Using an ensemble of loop structures derived from magnetic field extrapolation of photospheric field, we associate each field line with an EUV moss intensity, then determine the steady uniform heating rate on that field line that reproduces the observed EUV intensity within 5% for a specific cross-sectional area, or filling factor. We then calculate the total X-ray filter intensities from all loops in the ensemble and compare this to the observed X-ray intensities. We complete this task iteratively to determine the filling factor that returns the best match to the observed X-ray intensities. We find that a filling factor of 8% and loops that expand with height provides the best agreement with the intensity in two X-ray filters, although the simulated SXT Al12 intensity is 147% the observed intensity and the SXT AlMg intensity is 80% the observed intensity. From this solution we determine the required heating rate scales as (B) over bar L-0.29(-0:95). Finally, we discuss the future potential of this type of modeling, such as the ability to use density measurements to fully constrain filling factor, and its shortcomings, such as the requirement to use potential field extrapolations to approximate the coronal field. C1 [Winebarger, Amy R.] Alabama A&M Univ, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Warren, Harry P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Falconer, David A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Dept Space Sci, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Winebarger, AR (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, 4900 Meridian St,POB 1268, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM winebarger@physics.aamu.edu; hwarren@nrl.navy.mil; david.falconer@msfc.nasa.gov NR 28 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2008 VL 676 IS 1 BP 672 EP 679 DI 10.1086/527291 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 275QG UT WOS:000254086100051 ER PT J AU Stevenson, S Coumbe, CE Thompson, MC Coumbe, HL Phillips, JP Buckley, JL Wynne, JH AF Stevenson, S. Coumbe, Curtis E. Thompson, M. Corey Coumbe, H. Louie Phillips, J. Paige Buckley, James L. Wynne, James H. TI Conversion of nanomaterial waste soot to recycled Sc2O3 feedstock for the synthesis of metallic nitride fullerenes SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION; ENDOHEDRAL METALLOFULLERENES; FILTER APPROACH; IN-VITRO; SC3N-AT-C-80; GD3N-AT-C-80; PURIFICATION; GD3N; STIR AB Herein, we address a need in the industrial and academic communities to reduce costs and environmental impact associated with the synthesis of select carbonaceous nanomaterials. In this effort, we have developed a method to recover Sc2O3 from carbonaceous "waste soot", thereby alleviating the problem of waste disposal of fullerene depleted soot and tremendously reducing the costs and environmental impact of our synthetic process. The recovery process is based on the thermal oxidation and removal of carbon from waste soot as gaseous byproducts (e.g., CO2) to yield a recycled, reusable feedstock. The economic impact is measured in the cost savings of solid waste disposal fees and expensive reagents, such as scandium and some rare-earth metal oxides. Our recovery method is scalable and simple in design. Waste soot at different stages of thermal oxidation is characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to determine optimal temperature and soak parameters. Corresponding X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of these samples indicates a comparable chemical composition Of SC2O3 for recycled samples to virgin Sc2O3 controls. Recovered SC2O3 material was used in our electric-arc reactor and resulted in statistically comparable fullerene product distributions. C1 [Stevenson, S.; Coumbe, Curtis E.; Thompson, M. Corey; Coumbe, H. Louie; Phillips, J. Paige] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Buckley, James L.; Wynne, James H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stevenson, S (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. OI Stevenson, Steven/0000-0003-3576-4062 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAR 19 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2096 EP 2099 DI 10.1021/ie071250s PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 273QU UT WOS:000253947600042 ER PT J AU McElroy, T Thomas, JB Brine, GA Navarro, HA Deschamps, J Carroll, FI AF McElroy, Timothy Thomas, James B. Brine, George A. Navarro, Hernan A. Deschamps, Jeffrey Carroll, F. Ivy TI A practical synthesis of the kappa opioid receptor selective agonist (+)-5R,7S,8S-N-methyl-N-[7-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-oxospiro[4,5]dec-8-yl]benz eneacetamide (U69,593) SO SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART LA English DT Article DE U69,593; kappa opioid agonist; X-ray crystal structure; synthesis; receptors AB A novel approach to the synthesis of the kappa opioid receptor agonist U69,593 has been developed. This approach improves upon current literature methods by substituting stable and isolable cyclic sulfates for the unstable epoxides. The new approach provides access to grain quantities of the target compound and displays excellent control of the relative stereochemistry. The absolute stereochemistry as well as biological activity of the U69,593 produced by this new method was verified using X-ray crystal structure analysis and binding assays for the kappa opioid receptor. C1 [McElroy, Timothy; Thomas, James B.; Brine, George A.; Navarro, Hernan A.; Carroll, F. Ivy] Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey] USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carroll, FI (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM fic@rti.org OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0039-7881 J9 SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART JI Synthesis PD MAR 18 PY 2008 IS 6 BP 943 EP 947 DI 10.1055/s-2008-1032185 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 286JA UT WOS:000254841000017 ER PT J AU Wolak, MA Pan, MJ Wan, A Shirk, JS Mackey, M Hiltner, A Baer, E Flandin, L AF Wolak, Mason A. Pan, Ming-Jen Wan, Alan Shirk, James S. Mackey, Matt Hiltner, Anne Baer, Eric Flandin, Lionel TI Dielectric response of structured multilayered polymer films fabricated by forced assembly SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROLAYERS; BARRIER; POLYETHYLENES AB The effect of introducing a multilayer microstructure on the dielectric properties of polymer materials is evaluated in 32- and 256-layer films with alternating polycarbonate (PC) and polyvinylidene-hexafluoropropylene (coPVDF) layers. The permittivity, dielectric loss, dielectric strength, and energy density were measured as a function of the relative PC/coPVDF volume concentrations. The permittivity follows an effective medium model while the dielectric strength was typically higher than that predicted by a volume fraction based weighted average of the components. Energy densities as high as similar to 14 J/cm(3), about 60% greater than that of the component polymers, are measured for 50% PC/50% coPVDF films. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Wolak, Mason A.; Pan, Ming-Jen; Wan, Alan; Shirk, James S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mackey, Matt; Hiltner, Anne; Baer, Eric] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Mackey, Matt; Hiltner, Anne; Baer, Eric] Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Applicat Polymer Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Flandin, Lionel] Univ Savoie, CNRS, F-73376 LE Bourget Du Lac, France. RP Wolak, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mason.wolak@nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 17 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 11 AR 113301 DI 10.1063/1.2897029 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 278NA UT WOS:000254292400092 ER PT J AU Laman, N Harsha, SS Grischkowsky, D Melinger, JS AF Laman, N. Harsha, S. Sree Grischkowsky, D. Melinger, Joseph S. TI 7 GHz resolution waveguide THz spectroscopy of explosives related solids showing new features SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; SECURITY APPLICATIONS; TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY; 2,4-DINITROTOLUENE AB The vibrational modes of the explosive related solids 2,4- and 2,6-DNT have been measured with waveguide THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) to unprecedented precision. Dramatic sharpening of spectral features upon cooling beyond 80 K to 12 K is observed, illustrating the high quality and alignment of the polycrystalline thin films. Many of the observed features have linewidths below 15 GHz. These linewidths are approximately 8 times narrower than for the corresponding measurements via conventional THz-TDS with cooled pellets. For the 2,4-DNT, the line narrowing resolved 19 absorption features compared to only 7 features with the corresponding pellet measurement. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Laman, N.; Harsha, S. Sree; Grischkowsky, D.] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Melinger, Joseph S.] Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Grischkowsky, D (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM daniel.grischkowsky@okstate.edu; joseph.melinger@nrl.navy.mil RI Srikantaiah, Sree/D-7744-2011 NR 28 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 17 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 6 BP 4094 EP 4105 DI 10.1364/OE.16.004094 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 276DL UT WOS:000254121400067 PM 18542507 ER PT J AU Johnson, BJ Delehanty, JB Lin, B Ligler, FS AF Johnson, Brandy J. Delehanty, James B. Lin, Baochuan Ligler, Frances S. TI Immobilized proanthocyanidins for the capture of bacterial lipopolysaccharides SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CRANBERRY JUICE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NEUTRALIZING ACTIVITIES; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; POLYMERIC PROCYANIDINS; ANTIADHESION ACTIVITY; CONDENSED TANNINS; PLANT-EXTRACTS; GRAPE SEEDS; ADHESION AB Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are an abundant class of compounds found in a variety of plant materials. Here we demonstrate the application of these materials as capture molecules for the removal of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from solution. PACs from whole cranberries, grape juice, black tea, and cranberry juice were purified and immobilized onto thiol-activated Sepharose beads. This material was used in pull-down type assays for the capture of LPS. The binding of LPS by PACs has been shown to compete with that of polymyxin B which is known to bind the lipid A component of LPS. Assays conducted in the presence of lipid A verified that at least some component of the LPS binding activity of the PACs is via the lipid A moiety. Molar comparison of polymyxin B to proanthocyanidins indicated that the Sepharose immobilized PACs have a binding affinity for LPS similar to that of polymyxin B. C1 [Johnson, Brandy J.; Delehanty, James B.; Lin, Baochuan; Ligler, Frances S.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, BJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brandy.white@nrl.navy.mil RI Johnson, Brandy/B-3462-2008; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Johnson, Brandy/0000-0002-3637-0631; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 6 BP 2113 EP 2117 DI 10.1021/ac7024128 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 274QX UT WOS:000254017000036 PM 18257561 ER PT J AU Ryan, MAK Seward, JF AF Ryan, Margaret A. K. Seward, Jane F. CA Smallpox Vaccine Pregnancy Registr TI Pregnancy, birth, and infant health outcomes from the national smallpox vaccine in pregnancy registry, 2003-2006 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DEATH-SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES AB When the United States implemented civilian and military smallpox vaccination programs in 2003, the National Smallpox Vaccine in Pregnancy Registry was established to better evaluate outcomes after the inadvertent vaccination of pregnant women. Women were referred to the registry by vaccine administrators, health care providers, or state health departments or through self-referral. Registry professionals actively follow up with all enrolled women and collect data on pregnancy, birth, and infant health outcomes. As of September 2006, pregnancy outcome data were available from 376 women. Most (77%) were vaccinated near the time of conception, before results of a standard pregnancy test would have been positive. To date, outcome evaluations have not revealed higher-than-expected rates of pregnancy loss (11.9%), preterm birth (10.7%), or birth defects (2.8%), compared with those in healthy referent populations. No cases of fetal vaccinia have been identified. The Smallpox Vaccine in Pregnancy Registry continues to actively enroll women and follow infant and early-childhood health outcomes. C1 [Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Seward, Jane F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def, Box 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM margaret.ryan@med.navy.mil NR 49 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 46 SU 3 BP S221 EP S226 DI 10.1086/524744 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271PK UT WOS:000253801000009 PM 18284362 ER PT J AU Yoon, SD Baraskar, AK Geiler, A Yang, A Pettiford, C Sun, NX Goswami, R Willard, MA Vittoria, C Harris, VG AF Yoon, S. D. Baraskar, A. K. Geiler, A. Yang, A. Pettiford, C. Sun, N. X. Goswami, R. Willard, M. A. Vittoria, C. Harris, V. G. TI Microwave, magnetic, and structural properties of nanocrystalline exchange-coupled Ni(11)Co(11)Fe(66)Zr(7)B(4)Cu(1) films for high frequency applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-SIZE DEPENDENCE; FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; COERCIVITY; ALLOYS AB Nanocrystalline structured films of the alloy Ni(11)Co(11)Fe(66)Zr(7)B(4)Cu(1) were deposited by pulsed laser ablation deposition onto fused quartz substrates. A substrate temperature of 300 S C was found to produce films consisting of body- centered- cubic ( bcc ) metallic grains suspended in an amorphous matrix. The bcc grain size ranged from 5 - 8 nm for substrate temperatures up to 300 S C. Measured values of coercivity were consistently below 4 Oe for films having a saturation magnetization, as 4 pi M(S), of similar to 16 kG with in- plane uniaxial anisotropy fields of 25 to 30 Oe. The ferromagnetic resonance peak- to- peak derivative linewidth was measured to be 34 Oe at a frequency of 9.61 GHz. The zero magnetic field ferromagnetic resonance occurred at similar to 2 GHz. These films exhibit soft magnetic properties, high saturation induction, low microwave loss, and the structural stability desirable for thin film inductor applications. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Yoon, S. D.; Baraskar, A. K.; Geiler, A.; Yang, A.; Pettiford, C.; Sun, N. X.; Vittoria, C.; Harris, V. G.] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Microwave Magnet Mat & Integrated Circuits, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Baraskar, A. K.; Geiler, A.; Yang, A.; Pettiford, C.; Sun, N. X.; Vittoria, C.; Harris, V. G.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Goswami, R.; Willard, M. A.] USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yoon, SD (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Ctr Microwave Magnet Mat & Integrated Circuits, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM syoon@ece.neu.edu RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; Sun, Nian Xiang/F-9590-2010; Sun, Nian-xiang/G-8330-2011 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; Sun, Nian Xiang/0000-0002-3120-0094; NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 6 AR 063917 DI 10.1063/1.2899094 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 281ZH UT WOS:000254536900085 ER PT J AU Jolliff, JK Kindle, JC Penta, B Helber, R Lee, ZP Shulman, I Arnone, R Rowley, CD AF Jolliff, Jason K. Kindle, John C. Penta, Bradley Helber, Robert Lee, Zhongping Shulman, Igor Arnone, Robert Rowley, Clark D. TI On the relationship between satellite-estimated bio-optical and thermal properties in the Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Review ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; WEST FLORIDA SHELF; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NITRATE-DEPLETION TEMPERATURES; MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; OCEAN-COLOR DATA; CHLOROPHYLL-A; PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; LIGHT-ABSORPTION AB Three years of Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) ocean color data were combined with three-dimensional thermal fields generated by the U. S. Navy's Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) in order to examine the interdependencies between bio-optical fields and their relationship to seasonal and mesoscale changes in upper ocean thermal structure. The combined data set suggests that the oceanic boundary layer within the Gulf of Mexico may be broadly defined by two seasonally occurring bio-thermal periods. A winter mixing period, characterized by net heat losses to the atmosphere, deepening of the isothermal layer depth, and annual maxima of satellite-estimated colored detrital matter (CDM) absorption coefficients and surface pigment concentration, was followed by a thermally stratified period characterized by net surface ocean heating, reduced isothermal layer depths, and annual minima in surface bio-optical fields. Variability in the interdependencies of ocean color products was used to diagnose an attendant shift in the size-structure of surface phytoplankton communities as well as identify CDM as the constituent responsible for the majority of blue-light absorption in Gulf of Mexico surface waters. The mesoscale circulation, as resolved by MODAS thermal fields into cold and warm-core eddies, appears to significantly modulate the seasonal bio-optical cycle of CDM absorption and surface pigment concentration. An empirical model was developed to describe CDM absorption as a function of upper ocean thermal energy. The model accounted for nearly half the variance in the satellite-estimate of this bio-optical variable. Large mismatches between the model and satellite data implied episodes of shelf water export to the deep Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Jolliff, Jason K.; Kindle, John C.; Penta, Bradley; Helber, Robert; Lee, Zhongping; Shulman, Igor; Arnone, Robert; Rowley, Clark D.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jolliff, JK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jason.jolliff@nrlssc.navy.mil OI Rowley, Clark/0000-0003-3496-6404 NR 136 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS G1 AR G01024 DI 10.1029/2006JG000373 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 276TQ UT WOS:000254166400001 ER PT J AU Bhatt, RT Choi, SR Cosgriff, LM Fox, DS Lee, KN AF Bhatt, Ramakrishna T. Choi, Sung R. Cosgriff, Laura M. Fox, Dennis-S. Lee, Kang N. TI Impact resistance of environmental barrier coated SiC/SiC composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE impact; EBC coatings; SiC/SiC composites; mechanical properties; NDE ID SIO2 SCALE VOLATILITY; SILICON-CARBIDE; COMBUSTION CONDITIONS; COATINGS; DAMAGE; OXIDATION; MULLITE; MODEL AB Impact performance of 2D woven SiC/SiC composites coated with 225 and 525 mu m thick environmental barrier coating (EBC) was investigated. The composites were fabricated by melt infiltration and the EBC was deposited by plasma spray. Impact tests were conducted at room temperature and at 1316 degrees C in air using 1.59 mm diameter steel-balls at projectile velocities ranging from 110 to 375 m/s. Both microscopy and non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods were used to determine the extent of damage in the substrate and coating with increasing projectile velocity. The impacted specimens were tensile tested at room temperature to determine their residual mechanical properties. At projectile velocities less than 125 m/s, no detectable internal damage was noticed in the MI SiC/SiC composites coated with 525 mu m EBC. With increase in projectile velocity beyond this value. spallation of EBC layers, delamination of fiber plies, and fiber fracture were detected. At a fixed projectile velocity, the composites coated with 525 mu m EBC showed less damage than those coated with 225 mu m EBC. Both types of coated composites retained a large fraction of the baseline proper-ties of the as-fabricated composites and exhibited non-brittle failure after impact testing. Furnace exposure of impacted specimens in a moisture environment at 1316 degrees C for 500 h indicated that the through-the-thickness cracks in the coating and delamination cracks in the substrate generated after impact testing acted as conduits for internal oxidation. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bhatt, Ramakrishna T.; Fox, Dennis-S.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, USA Vehicle Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Choi, Sung R.] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Cosgriff, Laura M.] Cleveland State Univ, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. [Lee, Kang N.] Rolls Royce Corp, Indianapolis, IN 46206 USA. RP Bhatt, RT (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, USA Vehicle Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Ramakrishna.T.Bhatt@nasa.gov NR 20 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 476 IS 1-2 BP 8 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2007.04.067 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 270AX UT WOS:000253693200002 ER PT J AU Bhatt, RT Choi, SR Cosgriff, LM Fox, DS Lee, KN AF Bhatt, Ramakrishna T. Choi, Sung R. Cosgriff, Laura M. Fox, Dennis S. Lee, Kang N. TI Impact resistance of uncoated SiC/SiC composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE impact; SiC/SiC composite; NDE; mechanical properties ID ENVIRONMENTAL BARRIER COATINGS; SIO2 SCALE VOLATILITY; COMBUSTION CONDITIONS; SILICON-NITRIDE; DAMAGE BEHAVIOR; MODEL AB Two-dimensional woven SiC/SiC composites fabricated by melt infiltration method were impact tested at room temperature and at 1316 degrees C in air using 1.59-mm diameter steel-ball projectiles at velocities ranging from 115 to 400 m/s. The extent of substrate damage with increasing projectile velocity was imaged and analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopy, and non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods such as pulsed thermography, and computed tomography. The impacted specimens were tensile tested at room temperature to determine their residual mechanical properties. Results indicate that at 115 m/s projectile velocity, the composite showed no noticeable surface or internal damage and retained its as-fabricated mechanical properties. As the projectile velocity increased above this value, the internal damage increased and mechanical properties degraded. At velocities >300 m/s, the projectile penetrated through the composite, but the composite retained similar to 50% of the ultimate tensile strength of the as-fabricated composite and exhibited non-brittle failure. Predominant internal damages are delamination of fiber plies, fiber fracture and matrix shearing, (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bhatt, Ramakrishna T.; Fox, Dennis S.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, USA Vehicle Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Choi, Sung R.] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Cosgriff, Laura M.] Cleveland State Univ, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. [Lee, Kang N.] Rolls Royce Corp, Indianapolis, IN 46206 USA. RP Bhatt, RT (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, USA Vehicle Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Ramakrishna.T.Bhatt@nasa.gov NR 20 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 476 IS 1-2 BP 20 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2007.04.066 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 270AX UT WOS:000253693200003 ER PT J AU Wahl, KJ Chromik, RR Lee, GY AF Wahl, Kathryn J. Chromik, Richard R. Lee, Gun Young TI Quantitative in situ measurement of transfer film thickness by a Newton's rings method SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE Newton's rings; In situ tribology; transfer film; solid lubrication; interferometry ID ELASTOHYDRODYNAMIC CONTACTS; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; FRICTION BEHAVIOR; RAMAN TRIBOMETRY; 3RD BODIES; COMPOSITE; WEAR AB We present a method, based on a Newton's rings analysis, to monitor and quantify the thickness of a solid lubricant transfer film during in situ tribological studies. The evolution of transfer film buildup was monitored by optical microscopy and recorded by videography through a stationary transparent hemisphere during reciprocating sliding. By monitoring the relative position of interference fringes (Newton's rings) outside the contact zone, the relative separation of the ball and track surface can be measured. The implementation of this technique is demonstrated through examples of sliding experiments with sapphire against a solid lubricant coating. Ex situ measurements of transfer film thickness using non-contact interferometry were consistent with in situ measurements from the Newton's rings method. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wahl, Kathryn J.; Chromik, Richard R.; Lee, Gun Young] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chromik, Richard R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Wahl, KJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6176, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kathryn.wahl@nrl.navy.mil RI Chromik, Richard/D-8566-2011; OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 264 IS 7-8 BP 731 EP 736 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2007.04.009 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 276SH UT WOS:000254162000031 ER PT J AU Carr, JS Najita, JR AF Carr, John S. Najita, Joan R. TI Organic molecules and water in the planet formation region of young circumstellar disks SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; T-TAURI STARS; PROTOPLANETARY DISK; MASSIVE PROTOSTARS; SOLAR NEBULA; GAS; EMISSION; SPECTROGRAPH; CHEMISTRY; EVOLUTION AB The chemical composition of protoplanetary disks is expected to hold clues to the physical and chemical processes that influence the formation of planetary systems. However, characterizing the gas composition in the planet formation region of disks has been a challenge to date. We report here that the protoplanetary disk within 3 astronomical units of AA Tauri possesses a rich molecular emission spectrum in the mid- infrared, indicating a high abundance of simple organic molecules ( HCN, C2H2, and CO2), water vapor, and OH. These results suggest that water is abundant throughout the inner disk and that the disk supports an active organic chemistry. C1 [Carr, John S.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Najita, Joan R.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Carr, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7210, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 177 Z9 177 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 14 PY 2008 VL 319 IS 5869 BP 1504 EP 1506 DI 10.1126/science.1153807 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 273PI UT WOS:000253943800031 PM 18339932 ER PT J AU Hammond, MH Rose-Pehrsson, SL Gottuk, DT Lynch, JA Tillett, D Streckert, H AF Hammond, Mark H. Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L. Gottuk, Daniel T. Lynch, James A. . Tillett, Duane Streckert, Holger TI Cermet microsensors for fire detection SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE fire detection; multicriteria; sensor array; cermet sensors; multivariate analysis; probabilistic neural network; nuisance source rejection ID PROBABILISTIC NEURAL-NETWORK; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY; SENSORS AB With the advances in detection technology and the move towards increased automation on ships, the Navy has sought fire detection systems capable of improved performance over conventional smoke detectors. The use of multicriteria technology continues to offer the most promising results. In this study, a sensor array detection system consisting of four cermet sensors and pattern recognition software has been developed to detect fires. In laboratory and shipboard tests, the performance of the current detector and alarm algorithms resulted in faster overall response times than the commercial smoke detectors. The detection of controlled fire sources was excellent; however, the discrimination of nuisance sources needs improvement and is the subject of current investigations. The results of these studies conducted in the two test series described here indicate that cermet sensors are promising fire detectors. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hammond, Mark H.; Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gottuk, Daniel T.; Lynch, James A. .] Hughes Associat Inc, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. [Tillett, Duane; Streckert, Holger] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Hammond, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6181,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mark.hammond@nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD MAR 14 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 1 BP 240 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2007.07.128 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 284CD UT WOS:000254681900036 ER PT J AU O'Neill, NT Eck, TF Reid, JS Smirnov, A Pancrati, O AF O'Neill, N. T. Eck, T. F. Reid, J. S. Smirnov, A. Pancrati, O. TI Coarse mode optical information retrievable using ultraviolet to short-wave infrared sun photometry: Application to United Arab Emirates unified aerosol experiment data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DEPTH; SPHEROIDS AB The United Arab Emirates Unified Aerosol experiment provided a unique opportunity for testing aerosol retrieval algorithms in conditions where the optical influence of coarse mode particles was significant. Comparisons between Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) Sun photometry retrievals of a previously reported spectral deconvolution algorithm (SDA) and surface-based microphysical and optical measurements showed levels of correlation suggestive of moderate vertical homogeneity for (extensive) measures of fine and coarse mode aerosol particles and stronger vertical homogeneity for indicators of (intensive) aerosol type. An extension of the SDA into the short-wave infrared (SDA+) was developed in order to exploit the enhanced coarse mode information available in new AERONET instruments which include a 1.64 mu m channel. Comparisons between values of coarse mode Angstrom exponent alpha(c) (1.64 mu m)) retrieved from SDA+ and effective (coarse mode) radius derived from AERONET inversions showed moderate but significant correlations. Correlations between coarse mode effective radius derived from alpha(c) (1.64 mu m) and surface-based volume mean diameter estimates underscored the physical significance of the spectral retrievals and suggested moderate vertical homogeneity in terms of coarse mode particle size. C1 [O'Neill, N. T.; Pancrati, O.] Univ Sherbrooke, CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Eck, T. F.; Smirnov, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Reid, J. S.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Eck, T. F.; Smirnov, A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP O'Neill, NT (reprint author), Univ Sherbrooke, CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. EM norm.oneill@usherbrooke.ca RI ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Smirnov, Alexander/C-2121-2009; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 13 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D5 AR D05212 DI 10.1029/2007JD009052 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 276TL UT WOS:000254165900004 ER PT J AU Seetharam, RN Blum, AS Soto, CM Whitley, JL Sapsford, KE Chatterji, A Lin, TW Johnson, JE Guerra, C Satir, P Ratna, BR AF Seetharam, Raviraja N. Blum, Amy Szuchmacher Soto, Carissa M. Whitley, Jessica L. Sapsford, Kim E. Chatterji, Anju Lin, Tianwei Johnson, John E. Guerra, Charles Satir, Peter Ratna, Banahalli R. TI Long term storage of virus templated fluorescent materials for sensing applications SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COWPEA MOSAIC-VIRUS; 2.8 ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PROTEIN; NANOPARTICLES; NANOSCALE; PARTICLES; DYNAMICS; SCAFFOLD; SYSTEMS AB Wild type, mutant, and chemically modified Cowpea mosaic viruses ( CPMV) were studied for long term preservation in the presence and absence of cryoprotectants. Viral complexes were reconstituted and tested via fluorescence spectroscopy and a UV/vis-based RNase assay for structural integrity. When viruses lyophilized in the absence of cryoprotectant were rehydrated and RNase treated, UV absorption increased, indicating that the capsids were damaged. The addition of trehalose during lyophilization protected capsid integrity for at least 7 weeks. Measurements of the fluorescence peak maximum of CPMV lyophilized with trehalose and reconstituted also indicate that the virus remained intact. Microarray binding assays indicated that CPMV particles chemically modified for use as a fluorescent tracer were intact and retained binding specificity after lyophilization in the presence of trehalose. Thus, we demonstrate that functionalized CPMV nanostructures can be stored for the long term, enabling their use in practical sensing applications. C1 [Blum, Amy Szuchmacher; Soto, Carissa M.; Ratna, Banahalli R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Seetharam, Raviraja N.; Guerra, Charles; Satir, Peter] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Anat & Struct Biol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Whitley, Jessica L.] Geocenters Inc, Newton, MA 02459 USA. [Sapsford, Kim E.] George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Chatterji, Anju; Lin, Tianwei; Johnson, John E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Blum, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM amy.blum@nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD MAR 12 PY 2008 VL 19 IS 10 AR 105504 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/19/10/105504 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 276WI UT WOS:000254174000011 PM 21817702 ER PT J AU Calantoni, J Thaxton, CS AF Calantoni, Joseph Thaxton, Christopher S. TI Simple power law for transport ratio with bimodal distributions of coarse sediments under waves SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE SEGREGATION; OSCILLATORY SHEET FLOW; BED; MODEL; MECHANISM; STRESS; SHELF; PERCOLATION AB Morphodynamic models of coastal evolution require relatively simple parameterizations of sediment transport for application over larger scales. Here we present a transport parameterization for bimodal distributions of coarse quartz grains using simulations from a discrete particle model for sheet flow and near sheet flow conditions. The discrete particle model simulates the simplest one-dimensional fluid using a turbulent eddy viscosity determined from a mixing length coupled to particle motions. The motions of individual sand grains are simulated using spherical elements. Newton's second law in translational and rotational forms is solved for every particle in the domain as determined by both grain-grain and grain-fluid interactions. The forcing from idealized monochromatic waves is accomplished by specifying a spatially constant, time varying horizontal pressure gradient acting on the simulation domain. Consequently, the time series of the free-stream fluid acceleration and velocity are also fixed. Simulations cover a range of wave forcing, diameter ratios for the large and small grains in the bimodal size distribution, and mass ratios of large to small grains in the simulation domain, for a total of 243 unique simulation conditions. The simulation results are successfully parameterized with a simple power law that allows for the prediction of the transport rates of each size fraction in the bimodal distribution. The simple power law determined from simulations provides favorable predictions of transport rates for each size fraction when applied to available laboratory data for sheet flow with bimodal size distributions. It is important to note that rapid vertical kinematic sorting of grains by size is explicitly simulated with the model and thus implicitly captured by the power law. Discussion focuses on practical application of the power law. C1 [Calantoni, Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Thaxton, Christopher S.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Boone, NC 28608 USA. RP Calantoni, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Code 7440-3,Bldg 1005,MS 39529, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM joec@nrlssc.navy.mil OI Thaxton, Chris/0000-0001-5921-428X NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 11 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C3 AR C03003 DI 10.1029/2007JC004237 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 276TZ UT WOS:000254167300004 ER PT J AU Hartman, JM Patruno, A Chakrabarty, D Kaplan, DL Markwardt, CB Morgan, EH Ray, PS van der Klis, M Wijnands, R AF Hartman, Jacob M. Patruno, Alessandro Chakrabarty, Deepto Kaplan, David L. Markwardt, Craig B. Morgan, Edward H. Ray, Paul S. van der Klis, Michiel Wijnands, Rudy TI The long-term evolution of the spin, pulse shape, and orbit of the accretion-powered millisecond pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : individual (SAX J1808.4-3658); stars : neutron; X-rays : stars ID RAY-TIMING-EXPLORER; PROPORTIONAL COUNTER ARRAY; ACTIVE RADIO PULSAR; BINARY PSR B1957+20; NEUTRON-STARS; OPTICAL COUNTERPART; GRAVITATIONAL-RADIATION; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; IGR J00291+5934; EMISSION AB We present a 7 yr timing study of the 2.5 ms X-ray pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658, an X-ray transient with a recurrence time of approximate to 2 yr, using data from the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer covering four transient outbursts (1998-2005). We verify that the 401 Hz pulsation traces the spin frequency fundamental and not a harmonic. Substantial pulse shape variability, both stochastic and systematic, was observed during each outburst. Analysis of the systematic pulse shape changes suggests that, as an outburst dims, the X-ray "hot spot'' on the pulsar surface drifts longitudinally and a second hot spot may appear. The overall pulse shape variability limits the ability to measure spin frequency evolution within a given X-ray outburst (and calls previous. (nu) over dot measurements of this source into question), with typical upper limits of vertical bar(nu) over dot vertical bar less than or similar to 2.5 x 10(-14) Hz s(-1) (2 sigma). However, combining data from all the outbursts shows with high (6 sigma) significance that the pulsar is undergoing long-term spin down at a rate. (nu) over dot = (-5.6 +/- 2.0) x 10(-16) Hz s(-1), with most of the spin evolution occurring during X-ray quiescence. We discuss the possible contributions of magnetic propeller torques, magnetic dipole radiation, and gravitational radiation to the measured spin down, setting an upper limit of B < 1.5 x 10(8) G for the pulsar's surface dipole magnetic field and Q/I < 5 x 10(-9) for the fractional mass quadrupole moment. We also measured an orbital period derivative of (P) over dot(orb) (3.5 +/- 0.2) x 10(-12) s s(-1). This surprisingly large (P) over dot(orb) is reminiscent of the large and quasi-cyclic orbital period variation observed in the so-called black widow millisecond radio pulsars, which further strengthens previous speculation that SAX J1808.4-3658 may turn on as a radio pulsar during quiescence. In an appendix we derive an improved (0: 1500) source position from optical data. C1 MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Ctr High Energy Astrophys, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Markwardt, Craig B.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, CRESST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Markwardt, Craig B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ray, Paul S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hartman, JM (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jhartman@space.mit.edu; apatruno@science.uva.nl; deepto@space.mit.edu; craigm@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; ehm@space.mit.edu; paul.ray@nrl.navy.mil; michiel@science.uva.nl; rudy@science.uva.nl OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 NR 83 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 2 BP 1468 EP 1486 DI 10.1086/527461 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 271VT UT WOS:000253817500037 ER PT J AU Landi, E Drago, FC AF Landi, E. Drago, F. Chiuderi TI The quiet-sun differential emission measure from radio and UV measurements SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : chromosphere; Sun : corona; Sun : transition region ID OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE; ATOMIC DATABASE; DIAGNOSTICS; WAVELENGTHS; SPECTRUM; FEATURES; CHIANTI; LINES AB In the present work we combine UV and radio observations of the quiet Sun to determine the differential emission measure (DEM) of the average quiet solar atmosphere from the photosphere ( 5600 K) to the corona. UV line intensities have been used to constrain the DEM above 30,000 K, and the radio spectrum from 1.5 to 345 GHz has been used to extend the DEM determination down to 5600 K. Radio observations are shown to provide a much more reliable diagnostic tool for DEM determination than UV and EUV lines at T < 30; 000 K. The resulting average quiet-Sun DEM that we found is in excellent agreement with curves from the literature for temperatures larger than 60,000 K, but is lower than previous determinations by more than 1 order of magnitude in the 10,000-30,000 K temperature range. The present work determines the DEM below 10,000 K for the first time, in a temperature region where UV and EUV lines cannot be used. C1 [Landi, E.] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Landi, E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Drago, F. Chiuderi] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Landi, E (reprint author), Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 2 BP 1629 EP 1636 DI 10.1086/527285 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 271VT UT WOS:000253817500051 ER PT J AU Giraldo, FX Warburton, T AF Giraldo, F. X. Warburton, T. TI A high-order triangular discontinuous Galerkin oceanic shallow water model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE Fekete; finite element; finite volume; Lagrange; penalty method; spectral element ID SPECTRAL ELEMENT METHOD; EQUATORIAL SOLITARY WAVES; MONOMIAL CUBATURE RULES; FINITE-VOLUME; EQUATIONS; COMPILATION; STROUD; SPHERE; MESHES; FLOW AB A high-order triangular discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method is applied to the two-dimensional oceanic shallow water equations. The DG method can be characterized as the fusion of finite elements with finite volumes. This DG formulation uses high-order Lagrange polynomials on the triangle using nodal sets up to 15th order. Both the area and boundary integrals are evaluated using order 2N Gauss cubature rules. The use of exact integration for the area integrals leads naturally to a full mass matrix; however, by using straight-edged triangles we eliminate the mass matrix completely from the discrete equations. Besides obviating the need for a mass matrix, triangular elements offer other obvious advantages in the construction of oceanic shallow water models, specifically the ability to use unstructured grids in order to better represent the continental coastlines for use in tsunami modeling. In this paper, we focus primarily on testing the discrete spatial operators by using six test cases-three of which have analytic solutions. The three tests having analytic solutions show that the high-order triangular DG method exhibits exponential convergence. Furthermore, comparisons with a spectral element model show that the DG model is superior for all polynomial orders and test cases considered. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Giraldo, F. X.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Warburton, T.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Giraldo, FX (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM fxgirald@nps.edu RI Warburton, Timothy/A-7685-2009; OI Warburton, Timothy/0000-0002-3202-1151 NR 43 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-2091 EI 1097-0363 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD MAR 10 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 7 BP 899 EP 925 DI 10.1002/fld.1562 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 272DZ UT WOS:000253840900006 ER PT J AU Barlow, DE Erwin, SC Laracuente, AR Russell, JN Whitman, LJ AF Barlow, D. E. Erwin, S. C. Laracuente, A. R. Russell, J. N., Jr. Whitman, L. J. TI Site-specific chemistry of ethylene on Si(114)-(2 x 1) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; DIELS-ALDER REACTIONS; CYCLOADDITION CHEMISTRY; SILICON(001) SURFACE; GE(100)-2 X-1; SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORPTION; BEHAVIOR; C2H4; STM AB Si(114)-(2 x 1) is a stable high-index surface with a single domain-like surface reconstruction composed of parallel rows of 3-fold coordinated rebonded atoms (resembling adatoms), dimers, and tetramers (dimers combined with non-dimerized atoms in diene-like structures). The distinct chemical properties expected for the oriented array of different structural motifs make this surface an interesting template for direct, comparative studies of structure-dependent reactions. We have studied the room-temperature adsorption of ethylene on rebonded atoms, dimers, and tetramers on Si(114)-(2 x 1) by atomic-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations of structure, energetics, and simulated STM images. Ethylene chemisorbs in four distinct geometries on Si(114), all of which are di-sigma-bonded structures, with all adsorption sites occupied in a well-ordered monolayer at saturation coverage. In order of decreasing adsorption probability, the ethylene-Si reaction products were ethylene-bridged rebonded atoms, dimer [2 + 2] adducts, tetramer [4 + 2] adducts on one side of the tetramer, and (at high coverages only) tetramer [2 + 2] adducts on the dimer component of the tetramer. The calculations indicate that adsorption is kinetically limited at room temperature, with one energetically favorable reaction on the tetramer inhibited by an adsorption barrier. A particularly interesting aspect of the Si(114)-(2 x 1) surface demonstrated by this work is that it can act as both a dienophile (dimer sites). and a diene (tetramer sites) in cycloaddition adsorption reactions. C1 [Barlow, D. E.; Erwin, S. C.; Laracuente, A. R.; Russell, J. N., Jr.; Whitman, L. J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Barlow, D. E.] Novo Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Whitman, LJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM whitman@nrl.navy.mil RI Russell, John/A-3621-2009; Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011; Barlow, Daniel/C-9006-2013 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174; NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 6 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 9 BP 3349 EP 3357 DI 10.1021/jp7095778 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 267MF UT WOS:000253512400030 ER PT J AU Grachev, AA Andreas, EL Fairall, CW Guest, PS Persson, POG AF Grachev, Andrey A. Andreas, Edgar L. Fairall, Christopher W. Guest, Peter S. Persson, P. Ola G. TI Turbulent measurements in the stable atmospheric boundary layer during SHEBA: ten years after SO ACTA GEOPHYSICA LA English DT Article DE flux-profile relationships; Monin-Obukhov similarity theory; Richardson number; SHEBA; stable boundary layer; turbulent Prandtl number ID FLUX-PROFILE RELATIONSHIPS; MONIN-OBUKHOV SIMILARITY; SURFACE-LAYER; SELF-CORRELATION; GRADIENT RELATIONSHIP; WIND-SPEED; INTERMITTENCY; TEMPERATURE; STABILITY; REGIMES AB This paper surveys results of the comprehensive turbulent measurements in the stable boundary layer (SBL) made over the Arctic pack ice during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean experiment (SHEBA) in the Beaufort Gyre from October 1997 through September 1998. Turbulent fluxes and mean meteorological data were continuously measured and reported hourly at five levels on a 20-m main SHEBA tower. Eleven months of measurements during SHEBA cover a wide range of stability conditions, from the weakly unstable regime to very stable stratification, and allow studying the SBL in detail. A brief overview of the SBL regimes, the flux-profile relationships, the turbulent Prandtl number, and other parameters obtained during SHEBA is given. The traditional Monin-Obukhov approach, z-less scaling, and gradient-based scaling are evaluated and discussed based on the data from SHEBA. C1 [Grachev, Andrey A.; Persson, P. Ola G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Grachev, Andrey A.; Fairall, Christopher W.; Persson, P. Ola G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Andreas, Edgar L.] NW Res Associates Inc, Seattle Div, Lebanon, NH USA. [Guest, Peter S.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Grachev, AA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM Grachev@noaa.gov NR 65 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU DE GRUYTER OPEN LTD PI WARSAW PA BOGUMILA ZUGA 32A ST, 01-811 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1895-7455 J9 ACTA GEOPHYS JI Acta Geophys. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 142 EP 166 DI 10.2478/s11600-007-0048-9 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 247TZ UT WOS:000252106800008 ER PT J AU Bernstein, N AF Bernstein, N. TI The influence of geometry on grain boundary motion and rotation SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE grain boundary migration; Molecular dynamics ID ENERGY; MIGRATION; GOLD; MISORIENTATION; MECHANISMS; ALUMINUM AB Recent theoretical and simulation studies indicate that grain boundary motion is coupled to the translation and rotation of the adjacent grains. However, the geometry of the system can strongly modify this coupling. We simulate the evolution of grains in two geometries that are similar to experimental systems that have been studied. The first, a small circular grain embedded in a matrix consisting of two other grains, shows that rotation can be suppressed by geometric frustration, but the coupling slows the grain boundary motion. The second, a bicrystal cut into a wedge shape, shows that free boundaries can act as sinks for grain boundary dislocations thereby stopping or even reversing the rotation caused by grain boundary motion. These results show that an experimentally relevant theory of grain boundary motion needs to consider the effects of microstructure and sample geometry. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bernstein, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, NRL Code 6390,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM noam.bernstein@nrl.navy.mil NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1106 EP 1113 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.11.002 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 276ZU UT WOS:000254183000020 ER PT J AU Baumslag, G Bogopolski, O Fine, B Gaglione, A Rosenberger, G Spellman, D AF Baumslag, Gilbert Bogopolski, Oleg Fine, Benjamin Gaglione, Anthony Rosenberger, Gerhard Spellman, Dennis TI On some finiteness properties in infinite groups SO ALGEBRA COLLOQUIUM LA English DT Article DE free group; Marshall Hall's theorem; Marshall Hall group; Property S; Property R; commensurator; hyperbolic group ID IRREDUCIBLE AFFINE VARIETIES; RESIDUALLY FREE GROUPS; DIOPHANTINE GEOMETRY; HYPERBOLIC GROUPS; ELEMENTARY THEORY; SUBGROUPS; CLASSIFICATION AB We consider some questions concerning finiteness properties in infinite groups which are related to Marshall Hall's theorem. We call these properties Property S and Property R, and they are trivially true in finite groups. We give several elementary proofs using these properties for results on finitely generated subgroups of free groups as Well as a new elementary proof of Hall's basic result. Finally, we consider these properties within surface groups and prove an analog of Hall's theorem in that context. C1 [Baumslag, Gilbert] CUNY City Coll, Dept Math, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Bogopolski, Oleg] SBRAS, Inst Math, Novosibirsk, Russia. [Bogopolski, Oleg; Rosenberger, Gerhard] Univ Dortmund, Fachbereich Math, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. [Fine, Benjamin] Fairfield Univ, Dept Math, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA. [Gaglione, Anthony] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Spellman, Dennis] Temple Univ, Dept Math, Philadelphia, PA 19132 USA. RP Baumslag, G (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Math, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM gilbert@sci.ccny.cunyedu; oleg.bogopolski@math.uni-dortmund.de; fine@mail.fairfield.edu; amg@usna.edu; gerhard.rosenberger@mathematik.uni-dortmund.de; dennisspellman@msn.com NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 1005-3867 J9 ALGEBR COLLOQ JI Algebr. Colloq. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 15 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 247SY UT WOS:000252102200001 ER PT J AU Ren, H Li, ZA Guo, QF Wang, Q AF Ren, Hai Li, Zhi'an Guo, Qinfeng Wang, Quan TI Bioenergy: Future direction of China's energy and environment integrated strategy? SO AMBIO LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ren, Hai; Li, Zhi'an] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Guo, Qinfeng] USN, Geol Survey, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Wang, Quan] Shizuoka Univ, Inst Silviculture, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan. RP Ren, H (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM renhai@scih.ac.cn; lizan@scib.ac.cn; qinfengguo@hotmail.com; wangguan@agr.shizuoka.ac.jp RI Wang, Quan/F-5424-2013 OI Wang, Quan/0000-0001-5483-0243 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD MAR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 136 EP 138 DI 10.1579/0044-7447(2008)37[136:BFDOCE]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 293CB UT WOS:000255311300012 PM 18488558 ER PT J AU Covey, DC Sapega, AA Riffenburgh, RH AF Covey, D. C. Sapega, Alexander A. Riffenburgh, R. H. TI The effects of sequential sectioning of defined posterior cruciate ligament fiber regions on translational knee motion SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE posterior cruciate ligament; fiber regions; biomechanics; posterior drawer ID IN-SITU FORCES; DEFICIENT KNEE; POSTEROLATERAL STRUCTURES; MENISCOFEMORAL LIGAMENTS; TIBIAL TRANSLATION; 2 BUNDLES; INJURIES; JOINT; RECONSTRUCTION; RUPTURE AB Background: Recent studies have shown that the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is composed of a continuum of fiber regions that display characteristic mechanical behavior under different motion and loading conditions. Hypothesis: The anterior, central, and posterior fiber regions of the PCL differentially contribute to control of posterior translation of the tibia. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Nine intact, fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were instrumented with excursion wires implanted within the anterior, central, and posterior fiber regions of the PCL. In groups of 3, patterns of incremental posterior tibial translation using a 74-N posterior force were analyzed as a function of the variable linear separation distance between tibial and femoral fiber region attachment sites during posterior drawer testing at knee flexion angles of 20 degrees and 90 degrees before and after sequential fiber region section. Results: At 20 degrees of knee flexion, there was no statistical difference in the relatively small amount of posterior tibial translation, regardless of whether the anterior, central, or posterior fibers were alone transected (P = .350). At 90 degrees of knee flexion, whether the posterior fibers were cut first, second, or third (order of section), the incremental difference in posterior tibial translation this produced was significantly different (P = .039). For the fiber regions combined, the third fiber region section resulted in a significantly larger incremental translation than did either the first or second section with the knee flexed 90 degrees (P < .001). After transection of all fiber regions, significantly more total posterior tibial translation occurred at 90 degrees versus 20 degrees of flexion (P = .002). Conclusions: This study shows that fiber regions within the PCL have unique characteristics and behave differently in response to posterior drawer forces. Clinical Relevance: This study provides additional information on the complex mechanical behavior of the PCL and suggests that some partial tears (ie, those involving 1 or 2 fiber regions) may only result in minimal posterior translation during drawer testing at 90 degrees. C1 [Covey, D. C.] USN, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Naval Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Covey, D. C.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Sapega, Alexander A.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Mckay Lab Orghopaed Surg Res, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Sapega, Alexander A.] Penn Knee & Shoulder Ctr, Havertown, PA USA. [Riffenburgh, R. H.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Riffenburgh, R. H.] USN, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Covey, DC (reprint author), USN, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Naval Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM ana.covey@med.navy.mil NR 36 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 BP 480 EP 486 DI 10.1177/0363546507311097 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 265PS UT WOS:000253374000006 PM 18055918 ER PT J AU Dewing, CB McCormick, F Bell, SJ Solomon, DJ Stanley, M Rooney, TB Provencher, MT AF Dewing, Christopher B. McCormick, Frank Bell, S. Josh Solomon, Daniel J. Stanley, Mark Rooney, Timothy B. Provencher, Matthew T. TI An analysis of capsular area in patients with anterior, posterior, and multidirectional shoulder instability SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE shoulder instability; magnetic resonance imaging; magnetic resonance arthrogram; shoulder capsule; laxity ID INFERIOR GLENOHUMERAL LIGAMENT; MR ARTHROGRAPHY; SHIFT PROCEDURE; BIOMECHANICAL EVALUATION; QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT; CAPSULORRHAPHY; JOINT; REDUNDANCY; ANATOMY; LAXITY AB Background: Although increased capsular volume has been implicated in shoulder instability, there is a paucity of clinical evidence to quantify the size of the capsule with specific instability conditions of the shoulder. Hypothesis: Shoulder capsular area, as measured by magnetic resonance arthrography, is increased with specific patterns of shoulder instability. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: During an 8-month period, all patients with a diagnosis of anterior (n = 19), posterior (n = 14), or multidirectional (n = 13) instability of the shoulder and who were assessed with a magnetic resonance arthrogram were reviewed. A group of 10 control patients without clinical instability were also identified. The magnetic resonance arthrograms of all groups were randomly mixed, and 5 reviewers recorded measures of capsular length and area and determined labral abnormalities. The magnetic resonance arthrogram measurements were compared between groups, and interobserver agreement was determined. Results: The cross-sectional area of the capsule was increased in patients with posterior (P = .017) or multidirectional instability (P = .021) versus controls, but not in patients with anterior instability. Additionally, the posteroinferior cross-sectional area was increased in patients with posterior (P = .001), multidirectional (P = .003), and anterior (P = .008) instability. In patients with a posterior labral tear, the mean axial (P = .043) and mean posteroinferior sagittal cross-sectional area (P = .011) was increased, but there were no differences in cross-sectional area for those with an anterior labral tear. The overall interobserver reliability was very good (correlation coefficient range, 0.68-0.94). Conclusion: Our results reinforce the concept that capsular elongation and laxity, either preexisting or acquired, play a role in certain instability conditions of the shoulder. Additional work is needed to determine how to correlate surgical decision making with the cross-sectional area measurements demonstrated in this study. C1 [Dewing, Christopher B.; McCormick, Frank; Bell, S. Josh; Solomon, Daniel J.; Provencher, Matthew T.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Stanley, Mark; Rooney, Timothy B.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Div Sports Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Provencher, MT (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM matthew.provencher@med.navy.mil NR 48 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 BP 515 EP 522 DI 10.1177/0363546507311603 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 265PS UT WOS:000253374000011 PM 18216272 ER PT J AU Segev, DL Gentry, SE Montgomery, RA AF Segev, Dorry L. Gentry, Sommer E. Montgomery, Robert A. TI Response to 'Waiting time and use of living donors' SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Letter C1 [Segev, Dorry L.; Gentry, Sommer E.; Montgomery, Robert A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Gentry, Sommer E.] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Segev, DL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. OI Gentry, Sommer/0000-0003-4530-8917 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 8 IS 3 BP 722 EP 722 DI 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.02095.x PG 1 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 267IV UT WOS:000253503600038 ER PT J AU Delgado, RMG Perez, E Fernandes, RC Schmitt, H AF Delgado, Rosa M. Gonzalez Perez, Enrique Fernandes, Roberto Cid Schmitt, Henrique TI HST/WFPC2 imaging of the circumnuclear structure of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei. I. Data and nuclear morphology SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; galaxies : active; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : nuclei; galaxies : structure ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; DWARF SEYFERT NUCLEI; SURFACE BRIGHTNESS PROFILES; NEARBY SPIRAL GALAXIES; VIRGO-CLUSTER SURVEY; STAR-CLUSTERS; RADIO-SOURCES; BLACK-HOLE; IONIZING SOURCE AB In several studies of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs), we have characterized the properties of the stellar populations in LINERs and LINER/H II transition objects (TOs). We have found a populous class of galactic nuclei which stand out because of their conspicuous 0.1-1 Gyr populations. These nuclei are called "Young-TOs" since they all have TO-like emission line ratios. To advance our knowledge of the nature of the central source in LLAGNs and its relation with stellar clusters, we carry out several imaging projects with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) at near-UV, optical, and near-IR wavelengths. In this Paper, we present the first results obtained with observations of the central regions of 57 LLAGNs imaged with the WFPC2 through any of the V (F555W, F547M, F614W) and I (F791W, F814W) filters that are available in the HST archive. The sample contains 34% of the LINERs and 36% of the TOs in the Palomar sample. The mean spatial resolution of these images is 10 pc. With these data we have built an atlas that includes structural maps for all the galaxies, useful to identify compact nuclear sources and, additionally, to characterize the circumnuclear environment of LLAGNs, determining the frequency of dust and its morphology. The main results obtained are as follows. (1) We have not found any correlation between the presence of nuclear compact sources and emission-line type. Thus, nucleated LINERs are as frequent as nucleated TOs. (2) The nuclei of "Young-TOs" are brighter than the nuclei of "Old-TOs" and LINERs. These results confirm our previous results that Young-TOs are separated from other LLAGNs classes in terms of their central stellar population properties and brightness. (3) Circumnuclear dust is detected in 88% of the LLAGNs, being almost ubiquitous in TOs. (4) The dust morphology is complex and varied, from nuclear spiral lanes to chaotic filaments and nuclear disk-like structures. Chaotic filaments are as frequent as dust spirals; but nuclear disks are mainly seen in LINERs. These results suggest an evolutionary sequence of the dust in LLAGNs, LINERs being the more evolved systems and Young-TOs the youngest. C1 [Delgado, Rosa M. Gonzalez; Perez, Enrique] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. [Fernandes, Roberto Cid] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Fis CFM, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Schmitt, Henrique] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schmitt, Henrique] Interferometr Inc, D-20171 Herndon, Germany. RP Delgado, RMG (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, POB 3004, E-18080 Granada, Spain. EM rosa@iaa.es; eperez@iaa.es; cid@astro.ufsc.BR; hschmitt@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Fernandes, Roberto/M-7334-2014; OI Fernandes, Roberto/0000-0001-9672-0296; Perez, Enrique/0000-0001-9737-4559 NR 66 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 135 IS 3 BP 747 EP 765 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/3/747 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 271WF UT WOS:000253818700001 ER PT J AU Lazio, J AF Lazio, J. TI Radio wavelength transients: Current and emerging prospects SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Hot-Wiring the Transient Universe CY JUN 04-07, 2007 CL Tucson, AZ SP VOEvent Working Grp, Heterogeneous Telescope Networks DE gamma rays : bursts; pulsars : general; stars : flares; telescopes ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; CENTIMETER WAVELENGTHS; VARIABILITY SURVEY; NEUTRON-STARS; GIANT PULSES; SEARCH; EMISSION; COUNTERPART; OUTBURSTS; DISCOVERY AB Known classes of radio wavelength transients range from the nearby stellar flares and radio pulsars to the distant Universe gamma-ray burst afterglows. Hypothesized classes of radio transients include analogs of known objects, e.g., extrasolar planets emitting Jovian-like radio bursts and giant-pulse emitting pulsars in other galaxies, to the exotic, prompt emission from gamma-ray bursts, evaporating black holes, and transmitters from other civilizations. A number of instruments and facilities are either under construction or in early observational stages and are slated to become available in the next few years. With a combination of wide fields of view and wavelength agility, the detection and study of radio transients will improve immensely. (c) 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lazio, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Joseph.Lazio@nrl.navy.mil NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 329 IS 3 BP 330 EP 333 DI 10.1002/asna.200710935 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 282CW UT WOS:000254546200030 ER PT J AU Massi, M Ros, E Menten, KM Bernado, MK Torricelli-Ciamponi, G Neidhofer, J Boden, A Boboltz, D Sargent, A Torres, G AF Massi, M. Ros, E. Menten, K. M. Bernado, M. Kaufman Torricelli-Ciamponi, G. Neidhoefer, J. Boden, A. Boboltz, D. Sargent, A. Torres, G. TI Interacting coronae of two T Tauri stars: first observational evidence for solar-like helmet streamers SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : coronae; stars : individual : V773 Tau; stars : flare; stars : pre-main sequence; radio continuum : stars; stars : binaries : general ID X-RAY FLARE; V773 TAURI; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; HD-283447; EMISSION; DYNAMICS; BINARY; CLOUD AB Context. The young binary system V773 Tau A exhibits a persistent radio flaring activity that gradually increases from a level of a few mJy at apoastron to more than 100 mJy at periastron. Interbinary collisions between very large (>15 R*) magnetic structures anchored on the two rotating stars of the system have been proposed to be the origin of these periodic radio flares. Magnetic structures extended over tens of stellar radii, that can also account for the observed fast decay of the radio flares, seem to correspond to the typical solar semi-open quite extended magnetic configurations called helmet streamers. Aims. We aim to find direct observational evidence for the postulated, solar-like, coronal topologies. Methods. We performed seven-consecutive-day VLBI observations at 8.4 GHz using an array consisting of the VLBA and the 100-m Effelsberg telescope. V773 Tau A was phase-referenced to QSO B0400+258. Results. Two distinctive structures appear in the radio images here presented. They happen to be associated with the primary and secondary stars of the V773 Tau A system. In one image (Fig. 2B) the two features are extended up to 18 R* each and are nearly parallel revealing the presence of two interacting helmet streamers. One image (Fig. 2E) taken a few hours after a flare monitored by the 100-m Effelsberg telescope shows one elongated fading structure substantially rotated with respect to those seen in the B run. The same decay scenario is seen in Fig. 2G for the helmet streamer associated with the other star. Conclusions. This is the very first direct evidence revealing that even if the flare origin is magnetic reconnection due to interbinary collision, both stars independently emit in the radio range with structures of their own. These structures are helmet streamers, observed for the first time in stars other than the Sun. The complete extent of each helmet streamer above the stellar surface is about 24 R* which implies that they can practically interact throughout the whole orbit, even rather close to apoastron where the stellar separation is 52 R*. However, the radio flares become stronger when the stars approach. Around periastron the stellar separation is only 30 R*, nearly covered by a single streamer: the two streamers overlap producing the observed giant flares. C1 [Massi, M.; Ros, E.; Menten, K. M.; Bernado, M. Kaufman; Neidhoefer, J.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Torricelli-Ciamponi, G.] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Boden, A.] CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Boboltz, D.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Sargent, A.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Torres, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Massi, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM mmassi@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; ros@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; kmenten@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; mkaufman@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; torricel@arcetri.astro.it; jneidhoefer@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; bode@ipac.caltech.edu; dboboltz@usno.navy.mil; afs@astro.caltech.edu; gtorres@cfa.harvard.edu OI Ros, Eduardo/0000-0001-9503-4892 NR 26 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 480 IS 2 BP 489 EP 494 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078637 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 271RP UT WOS:000253806700024 ER PT J AU Corbin, MR Kim, H Jansen, RA Windhorst, RA Fernandes, RC AF Corbin, Michael R. Kim, Hwihyun Jansen, Rolf A. Windhorst, Rogier A. Fernandes, Roberto Cid TI The nearby and extremely metal-poor galaxy CGCG 269-049 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : formation; galaxies : individual (CGCG 269-049); galaxies : stellar content ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MASS-METALLICITY RELATION; DWARF IRREGULAR GALAXY; EMISSION-LINE GALAXIES; INFRARED-EMISSION; STAR-FORMATION; LOCAL GROUP; TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; YOUNG GALAXY; DUST AB We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Spitzer Space Telescope images and photometry of the extremely metal-poor (Z congruent to 0.03 Z(circle dot)) blue dwarf galaxy CGCG 269-049. The HST images reveal a large population of red giant and asymptotic giant branch stars, ruling out the possibility that the galaxy has recently formed. From the magnitude of the tip of the red giant branch, we measure a distance to CGCG 269-049 of only 4.9 +/- 0.4 Mpc. The spectral energy distribution of the galaxy between similar to 3.6-70 mu m is also best fitted by emission from predominantly similar to 10 Gyr old stars, with a component of thermal dust emission having a temperature of 52 +/- 10 K. The HST and Spitzer photometry indicate that more than 60% of the CGCG 269-049 stellar mass consists of stars similar to 1-10 Gyr old, similar to other local blue dwarf galaxies. Our HST H alpha image shows no evidence of a supernova-driven outflow that could be removing metals from the galaxy, nor do we find evidence that such outflows occurred in the past. Taken together with the CGCG 269-049 large ratio of neutral hydrogen mass to stellar mass (similar to 10), these results are consistent with recent simulations in which the metal deficiency of local dwarf galaxies results mainly from inefficient star formation, rather than youth or the escape of supernova ejecta. C1 [Corbin, Michael R.] USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Kim, Hwihyun; Jansen, Rolf A.; Windhorst, Rogier A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Fernandes, Roberto Cid] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, CFM, Dept Fis, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. RP Corbin, MR (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, 10391 W Naval Observ Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM mcorbin@nofs.navy.mil RI Fernandes, Roberto/M-7334-2014 OI Fernandes, Roberto/0000-0001-9672-0296 NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 1 BP 194 EP 200 DI 10.1086/524399 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 268EP UT WOS:000253562000018 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Alfonso, E Smith, HA Ashby, MLN Fischer, J Spinoglio, L Grundy, TW AF Gonzalez-Alfonso, Eduardo Smith, Howard A. Ashby, Matthew L. N. Fischer, Jacqueline Spinoglio, Luigi Grundy, Timothy W. TI High-excitation oh and H2O lines in Markarian 231: The molecular signatures of compact far-infrared continuum sources SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : abundances; galaxies : individual (Mrk 231); galaxies : ISM; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies; radiative transfer ID LONG-WAVELENGTH SPECTROMETER; FINE-STRUCTURE EXCITATION; BRIGHT GALAXY SAMPLE; STAR-FORMATION; PHOTODISSOCIATION REGIONS; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; MEGAMASER GALAXIES; ABSORPTION-LINES; SPACE-TELESCOPE; AGN ACTIVITY AB The ISO LWS far-infrared spectrum of the ultraluminous galaxy Mrk 231 shows OH and H2O lines in absorption from energy levels up to 300 K above the ground state, and emission in the [O I] 63 mu m and [C II] 158 mu m lines. Our analysis shows that OH and H2O are radiatively pumped by the far-infrared continuum emission of the galaxy. The absorptions in the high-excitation lines require high far-infrared radiation densities, allowing us to constrain the properties of the underlying continuum source. The bulk of the far-infrared continuum arises from a warm (T-dust = 70-100 K), optically thick (inverted perpendicular 100 mu m = 1-2) medium of effective diameter 200-400 pc. In our best-fit model of total luminosity L-IR, the observed OH and H2O high-lying lines arise from a luminous (L/L-IR similar to 0.56) region with radius similar to 100 pc. The high surface brightness of this component suggests that its infrared emission is dominated by the AGN. The derived column densities N(OH) greater than or similar to 10(17) cm(-2) and N(H2O) greater than or similar to 6 x 10(16) cm(-2) may indicate X-ray dominated region (XDR) chemistry, although significant starburst chemistry cannot be ruled out. The lower-lying OH, [ C II] 158 mu m, and [ O I] 63 mu m lines arise from a more extended ( similar to 350 pc) starburst region. We show that the [ C II] deficit in Mrk 231 is compatible with a high average abundance of C+ because of an extreme overall luminosity to gas mass ratio. Therefore, a [ C II] deficit may indicate a significant contribution to the luminosity by an AGN, and/or by extremely efficient star formation. C1 [Gonzalez-Alfonso, Eduardo] Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Fis, E-28871 Alcala De Henares, Madrid, Spain. [Smith, Howard A.; Ashby, Matthew L. N.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fischer, Jacqueline] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Spinoglio, Luigi] CNR, Ist Fis Spazio Interplantetario, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Grundy, Timothy W.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Gonzalez-Alfonso, E (reprint author), Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Fis, Campus Univ, E-28871 Alcala De Henares, Madrid, Spain. EM eduardo.gonzalez@uah.es; hsmith@cfa.harvard.edu; mashby@cfa.harvard.edu; jackie.fischer@nrl.navy.mil; luigi.spinoglio@ifsi-roma.inaf.it; w.grundy@rl.ac.uk OI Spinoglio, Luigi/0000-0001-8840-1551 NR 66 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 1 BP 303 EP 315 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 268EP UT WOS:000253562000023 ER PT J AU Sheeley, NR Herbst, AD Palatchi, CA Wang, YM Howard, RA Moses, JD Vourlidas, A Newmark, JS Socker, DG Plunkett, SP Korendyke, CM Burlaga, LF Davila, JM Thompson, WT St Cyr, OC Harrison, RA Davis, CJ Eyles, CJ Halain, JP Wang, D Rich, NB Battams, K Esfandiari, E Stenborg, G AF Sheeley, N. R. Herbst, A. D. Palatchi, C. A. Wang, Y. -M. Howard, R. A. Moses, J. D. Vourlidas, A. Newmark, J. S. Socker, D. G. Plunkett, S. P. Korendyke, C. M. Burlaga, L. F. Davila, J. M. Thompson, W. T. St Cyr, O. C. Harrison, R. A. Davis, C. J. Eyles, C. J. Halain, J. P. Wang, D. Rich, N. B. Battams, K. Esfandiari, E. Stenborg, G. TI Heliospheric images of the solar wind at Earth SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : magnetic fields ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS AB During relatively quiet solar conditions throughout the spring and summer of 2007, the SECCHI HI2 white-light telescope on the STEREO B solar-orbiting spacecraft observed a succession of wave fronts sweeping past Earth. We have compared these heliospheric images with in situ plasma and magnetic field measurements obtained by near-Earth spacecraft, and we have found a near perfect association between the occurrence of these waves and the arrival of density enhancements at the leading edges of high-speed solar wind streams. Virtually all of the strong corotating interaction regions are accompanied by large-scale waves, and the low-density regions between them lack such waves. Because the Sun was dominated by long-lived coronal holes and recurrent solar wind streams during this interval, there is little doubt that we have been observing the compression regions that are formed at low latitude as solar rotation causes the high-speed wind from coronal holes to run into lower speed wind ahead of it. C1 [Sheeley, N. R.; Palatchi, C. A.; Wang, Y. -M.; Howard, R. A.; Moses, J. D.; Vourlidas, A.; Newmark, J. S.; Socker, D. G.; Plunkett, S. P.; Korendyke, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Burlaga, L. F.; Davila, J. M.; Thompson, W. T.; St Cyr, O. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20742 USA. [Harrison, R. A.; Davis, C. J.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 OQX, Oxon, England. [Eyles, C. J.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Halain, J. P.] Univ Liege, Ctr Spatiale Liege, B-4031 Angleur, Belgium. [Wang, D.; Rich, N. B.; Battams, K.; Esfandiari, E.] Interferometr Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Stenborg, G.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Sheeley, NR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sheeley@spruce.nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Thompson, William/D-7376-2012; Scott, Christopher/H-8664-2012 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Scott, Christopher/0000-0001-6411-5649 NR 12 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 1 BP 853 EP 862 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 268EP UT WOS:000253562000064 ER PT J AU Widing, KG Feldman, U AF Widing, K. G. Feldman, U. TI Calcium-to-argon and nickel-to-argon abundance ratios as tracers of the source region of postflare loop system material SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : abundances; Sun : flares; Sun : UV radiation ID 7 2-RIBBON FLARE; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; SOLAR; SPECTRUM; CHIANTI; CORONA; NEON AB Intensities of abundance diagnostic lines of Ca XV, Ca XVI, Ni XVII, Ar XIII, and Ar XV have been derived for a classic flare loop system observed during the Skylab mission. These have been used to test for photospheric or coronal origin of the flare loop material. The resulting FIP-bias factors are between 1.7 and 4.6 with a majority of the values around 4.5 indicating a source with material modified by the FIP effect. The loop system bias factors are similar to those observed in a sample of Skylab prominences, suggesting that the disrupted mass of the preflare embedded filament provided the loop system material. C1 [Widing, K. G.] Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. [Widing, K. G.; Feldman, U.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Feldman, U.] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RP Widing, KG (reprint author), Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 1 BP 863 EP 867 DI 10.1086/527540 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 268EP UT WOS:000253562000065 ER PT J AU Bhatia, AK Landi, E AF Bhatia, A. K. Landi, E. TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for Ar XV SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID BE-LIKE IONS; BERYLLIUM ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; COLLISION STRENGTHS; EMISSION-LINES; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; CROSS-SECTIONS; TRANSITIONS; NI AB Electron impact collision strengths, energy levels, oscillator strengths, and spontaneous radiative decay rates are calculated for Ar XV. The configurations used are 2s(2), 2s2p, 2p(2), 2l3l', 2l4l' and 2s5l', with l = s, p and l' = s, p, d giving rise to 92 fine-structure levels in intermediate coupling, Collision strengths are calculated at eight incident energies (10, 20, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 Ry) for transitions within the three lowest configurations, and five incident energies (60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 Ry) for transitions between the lowest five levels and the n = 3, 4, 5 configurations, using the distorted wave approximation. Excitation rate coefficients are calculated as a function of electron temperature by assuming a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution. Using the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative transition rates of the present work, and R-matrix results for the 2s(2), 2s2p, 2P(2) configurations available in the literature, statistical equilibrium equations for level populations are solved at electron densities covering the range of 10(8)-10(14) cm(-3) at an electron temperature of log T-e(K) = 6.6, corresponding to the maximum abundance of Ar XV. Spectral line intensities are calculated, and their diagnostic relevance is discussed. Observed line ratios indicate electron temperatures of the relevant emitting plasma close to log T-e(K) = 6.6. This dataset will be made available in the next version of the CHIANTI database. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Landi, E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bhatia, A. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Landi, E.] ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Landi@poppeo.nrl.navy.mil RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD MAR PY 2008 VL 94 IS 2 BP 223 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2007.11.001 PG 34 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 274JW UT WOS:000253998600002 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, PR Hrubes, JD Leinhos, HA AF Bandyopadhyay, Promode R. Hrubes, J. Dana Leinhos, Henry A. TI Biorobotic adhesion in water using suction cups SO BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE-PRESSURE; TENSILE-STRENGTH; OCTOPUS SUCKERS; STABILITY AB Echeneid fish, limpets and octopi use suction cups for underwater adhesion. When echeneid fish use suckers to 'hitch a ride' on sharks ( which have riblet-patterned skins), the apparent absence of any pump or plumbing may be an advantage over biorobotic suction cups. An intriguing question is: How do they achieve seemingly persistent leak-free contact at low energy cost over rough surfaces? The design features of their suckers are explored in a biorobotic context of adhesion in water over rough surfaces. We have carried out experiments to compare the release force and tenacity of man-made suction cups with those reported for limpets and echeneid fish. Applied tensile and shear release forces were monotonically increased until release. The effects of cup size and type, host surface roughness, curvature and liquid surface tension have been examined. The flow of water in the sharkskin-like host surface roughness has been characterized. The average tenacity is 5.28 N cm(-2) (sigma = 0.53 N cm(-2), N = 37) in the sub-ambient pressure range of 14.6-49.0 kPa, in man-made cups for monotonically increasing applied release force. The tenacity is lower for harmonically oscillating release forces. The dynamic structural interactions between the suction cup and the oscillating applied forcing are discussed. Inspired by the matching of sharkskin riblet topology in echeneid fish suckers, it was found that biorobotic sealed contact over rough surfaces is also feasible when the suction cup makes a negative copy of the rough host surface. However, for protracted, persistent contact, the negative topology would have to be maintained by active means. Energy has to be spent to maintain the negative host roughness topology to minute detail, and protracted hitch-riding on sharks for feeding may not be free for echeneid fish. Further work is needed on the mechanism and efficiency of the densely populated tiny actuators in the fish suckers that maintain leak-proof contact with minimal energy cost and the feasibility of their biorobotic replication. C1 [Bandyopadhyay, Promode R.; Hrubes, J. Dana; Leinhos, Henry A.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous & Defens Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Bandyopadhyay, PR (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous & Defens Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM BandyopadhyayPR@Npt.NUWC.Navy.Mil NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 28 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-3182 J9 BIOINSPIR BIOMIM JI Bioinspir. Biomim. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 3 IS 1 AR 016003 DI 10.1088/1748-3182/3/1/016003 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Robotics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Robotics GA 310FO UT WOS:000256514500005 PM 18364562 ER PT J AU Anthes, RA Bernhardt, PA Chen, Y Cucurull, L Dymond, KF Ector, D Healy, SB Ho, SP Hunt, DC Kuo, YH Liu, H Manning, K Mccormick, C Meehan, TK Randel, WJ Rocken, C Schreiner, WS Sokolovskiy, SV Syndergaard, S Thompson, DC Trenberth, KE Wee, TK Yen, NL Zeng, Z AF Anthes, R. A. Bernhardt, P. A. Chen, Y. Cucurull, L. Dymond, K. F. Ector, D. Healy, S. B. Ho, S. -P. Hunt, D. C. Kuo, Y. -H. Liu, H. Manning, K. Mccormick, C. Meehan, T. K. Randel, W. J. Rocken, C. Schreiner, W. S. Sokolovskiy, S. V. Syndergaard, S. Thompson, D. C. Trenberth, K. E. Wee, T. -K. Yen, N. L. Zeng, Z. TI The COSMOC/FORMOSAT-3 - Mission early results SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RADIO OCCULTATION MEASUREMENTS; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; LOW-EARTH-ORBIT; COSMIC CONSTELLATION; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; LOWER TROPOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; INSTRUMENT; CLIMATE; SIGNALS AB The radio occultation (RO) technique, which makes use of radio signals transmitted by the global positioning system (GPS) satellites, has emerged as a powerful and relatively inexpensive approach for sounding the global atmosphere with high precision, accuracy, and vertical resolution in all weather and over both land and ocean. On 15 April 2006, the joint Taiwan-U.S. Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC)/Formosa Satellite Mission 3 (COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3, hereafter COSMIC) mission, a constellation of six micro satellites, was launched into a 512-km orbit. After launch the satellites were gradually deployed to their final orbits at 800 km, a process that took about 17 months. During the early weeks of the deployment, the satellites were spaced closely, offering a unique opportunity to verify the high precision of RO measurements. As of September 2007, COSMIC is providing about 2000 RO soundings per day to support the research and operational communities. COSMIC RO data are of better quality than those from the previous missions and penetrate much farther down into the troposphere; 70%-90% of the soundings reach to within 1 km of the surface on a global basis. The data are having a positive impact oil operational global weather forecast models. With the ability to penetrate deep into the lower troposphere using an advanced open-loop tracking technique, the COSMIC RO instruments can observe the structure of the tropical atmospheric boundary layer. The value of RO for climate monitoring and research is demonstrated by the precise and consistent observations between different instruments, platforms, and missions. COSMIC observations are capable of intercalibrating microwave measurements from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) on different satellites. Finally, unique and useful observations of the ionosphere are being obtained using the RO receiver and two other instruments on the COSMIC satellites, the tiny ionosphere photometer (TIP) and the tri-band beacon. C1 [Cucurull, L.; Ector, D.; Ho, S. -P.; Hunt, D. C.; Kuo, Y. -H.; Rocken, C.; Schreiner, W. S.; Sokolovskiy, S. V.; Syndergaard, S.; Wee, T. -K.; Zeng, Z.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Bernhardt, P. A.; Dymond, K. F.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Chen, Y.; Ho, S. -P.; Liu, H.; Manning, K.; Randel, W. J.; Trenberth, K. E.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Healy, S. B.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Meehan, T. K.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Thompson, D. C.] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Yen, N. L.] Natl Space Org, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RP Kuo, YH (reprint author), UCAR, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM kuo@ucar.edu RI Trenberth, Kevin/A-5683-2012; Zeng, Zhen/J-5183-2014; Cucurull, Lidia/E-8900-2015; Randel, William/K-3267-2016; Syndergaard, Stig/C-1103-2017 OI Trenberth, Kevin/0000-0002-1445-1000; Randel, William/0000-0002-5999-7162; Syndergaard, Stig/0000-0003-3119-2618 NR 59 TC 375 Z9 392 U1 6 U2 44 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 89 IS 3 BP 313 EP 333 DI 10.1175/BAMS-89-3-313 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 286MA UT WOS:000254848800013 ER PT J AU Apte, UM Karmarkar, US Nath, HK AF Apte, Uday M. Karmarkar, Uday S. Nath, Hiranya K. TI Information services in the US economy: Value, jobs, and management implications SO CALIFORNIA MANAGEMENT REVIEW LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Services Innovation CY APR 27-28, 2007 CL Univ Calif Berkeley, Haas Sch Business, Berkeley, CA HO Univ Calif Berkeley, Haas Sch Business AB It is well known that almost all of the largest economies in the world are already dominated by services. What may be less well known is that many are also evolving towards becoming information economies in the sense of both value added (GNP) and jobs. While this evolution is less advanced in some countries, the U.S. is already well past the 60% mark in terms of economic value added. This article explores the confluence of these two trends by examining the double dichotomy of products versus services and information versus material (non-information) outputs, thus dividing the economy into four super-sectors. The data reveal that the U.S. job market is dominated by information work and that the largest part of the U.S. economy in terms of GNP value added is the "information services" super-sector. The largest job share in terms of the number of jobs is in the "material or non-information" jobs in services, but the largest share of the wage bill is in information-related jobs in services. This article discusses the reasons behind these trends, identifies major differences between information and non-information sectors, and examines the implications for management strategy in the information economy. C1 [Apte, Uday M.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. [Karmarkar, Uday S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Anderson Sch Management, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Nath, Hiranya K.] State Univ Huntsville, Coll Business Adm, Huntsville, TX USA. RP Apte, UM (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. EM umapte@nps.edu; eco_hkn@shsu.edu NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CALIF PI BERKELEY PA GRAD SCH BUSINESS ADMIN, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA SN 0008-1256 J9 CALIF MANAGE REV JI Calif. Manage. Rev. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 50 IS 3 BP 12 EP + PG 20 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA 303OB UT WOS:000256048700002 ER PT J AU Rohde, GK Nichols, JM Bucholtz, F AF Rohde, G. K. Nichols, J. M. Bucholtz, F. TI Chaotic signal detection and estimation based on attractor sets: Applications to secure communications SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID NOISE-REDUCTION; SYNCHRONIZATION; SYSTEMS AB We consider the problem of detection and estimation of chaotic signals in the presence of white Gaussian noise. Traditionally this has been a difficult problem since generalized likelihood ratio tests are difficult to implement due to the chaotic nature of the signals of interest. Based on Poincare's recurrence theorem we derive an algorithm for approximating a chaotic time series with unknown initial conditions. The algorithm approximates signals using elements carefully chosen from a dictionary constructed based on the chaotic signal's attractor. We derive a detection approach based on the signal estimation algorithm and show, with simulated data, that the new approach can outperform other methods for chaotic signal detection. Finally, we describe how the attractor based detection scheme can be used in a secure binary digital communications protocol. C1 [Rohde, G. K.; Nichols, J. M.; Bucholtz, F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rohde, GK (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM gustavor@cmu.edu OI Rohde, Gustavo/0000-0003-1703-9035 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD MAR PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 AR 013114 DI 10.1063/1.2838853 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 281ZF UT WOS:000254536700014 PM 18377065 ER PT J AU Thistle, D Eckman, JE Patersonc, GLJ AF Thistle, David Eckman, James E. Patersonc, Gordon L. J. TI Large, motile epifauna interact strongly with harpacticoid copepods and polychaetes at a bathyal site SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE benthos; deep-sea bed; ecology; harpacticoida; meiobenthos; polychaeta; USA; California; San Diego Trough; 32 degrees 57.3 ' N; 117 degrees 32.2 ' W ID FOOD-WEB ANALYSIS; DEEP-SEA; INTERACTION STRENGTH; COMMUNITY; DIVERSITY AB Strengths of interactions among groups of animals in deep-sea-sediment communities are poorly known. Large, motile epifauna (LME) such as sea cucumbers, star fishes, and demersal fishes occur in the deep sea and are sources of predation, disturbance, and habitat alteration and thus have the potential to interact strongly with infauna. At a site off the southwestern coast of the United States (32 degrees 57.3'N, 117 degrees 32.2'W, 780 m depth), we excluded the LME from five 75- x 75-cm plots with cages. After 143 d, we sampled these plots and five plots of the same size paired with them as controls. Abundances of harpacticoid copepods and polychactes were significantly lower in cages than in controls. In several cages, nematodes and kinorhynchs were also dramatically less abundant than in paired controls. Results suggest that LME ordinarily affect the infaunal assemblage in such a way that harpacticoids and polychaetes (and perhaps nematodes and kinorhynchs) can maintain higher abundances than they can in the absence of LME, indicating that strong interactions can influence the organization of deep-sea-sediment communities. In a multivariate analysis of environmental parameters, cage and control samples were intermixed, so if the effect is transmitted by alterations of the environment by the LME, the nature of the alterations must be relatively local and remains to be discovered. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Thistle, David] Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Eckman, James E.] 1 Liberty Ctr, Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Patersonc, Gordon L. J.] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Thistle, D (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM thistle@ocean.fsu.edu RI Paterson, Gordon/A-9894-2011; Thistle, David/P-4052-2015 OI Paterson, Gordon/0000-0002-5331-5837; Thistle, David/0000-0002-8436-6987 NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 55 IS 3 BP 324 EP 331 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2007.11.008 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 284GF UT WOS:000254694200006 ER PT J AU Galeckas, KJ Ross, EV Uebelhoer, NS AF Galeckas, Kenneth J. Ross, Edward Victor Uebelhoer, Nathan S. TI A pulsed dye laser with a 10-mm beam diameter and a pigmented lesion window for purpura-free photorejuvenation SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID THERAPY; SKIN; COMPRESSION; PASS AB BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In traditional pulsed dye lasers (PDLs), power limitations and pulse characteristics have compromised purpura-free procedures. This study evaluated a new PDL with a modified pulse structure and a 10-mm beam diameter for purpura-free photorejuvenation. A compression handpiece was used for targeting lentigines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty patients with skin types I to III were treated three times at 3- to 4-week intervals. The first pass was delivered through a 10-mm compression handpiece to target pigment dyschromias using fluences between 6.5 and 8.0 J/cm(2) with a 1.5-ms pulse duration. A second pass was then performed with a 10-mm spot with fluences between 9.5 and 10 J/cm(2), a 20-ms pulse duration, and cryogen spray enabled. Improvement was evaluated by comparing pre- and posttreatment photographs and live subjects 1 month after the third treatment. RESULTS In the majority of patients, > 90% reduction of fine telangiectasias (< 0.6 mm) and dark lentigines was achieved. Pigmented dyschromias improved proportional to the degree of pigment at presentation. Avoidance of purpura with the compression handpiece was dependent on obtaining proper compression before laser emission. Mean textural improvement was 34%. CONCLUSIONS The new 595-nm PDL is highly effective for two-pass purpura-free improvement of telangiectases, pigment dyschromias, and texture. C1 [Galeckas, Kenneth J.; Uebelhoer, Nathan S.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Ross, Edward Victor] Scripps Clin, Laser & Cosmet Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Galeckas, KJ (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Suite 300,34520 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM kenneth.galeckas@med.navy.mil NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 34 IS 3 BP 308 EP 313 DI 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2007.34063.x PG 6 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 268WC UT WOS:000253609700004 PM 18177402 ER PT J AU Villinski, JT Klena, JD Abbassy, M Hoel, DF Puplampu, N Mechta, S Boakye, D Raczniak, G AF Villinski, Jeffrey T. Klena, John D. Abbassy, Magda Hoel, David F. Puplampu, Naiki Mechta, Sarah Boakye, Daniel Raczniak, Gregory TI Evidence for a new species of Leishmania associated with a focal disease outbreak in Ghana SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Leishmania; leishmaniasis; real-time PCR; parasite ID TIME PCR ASSAY; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; QUANTIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS; DNA AB A previously unknown Leishmania spp., inferred by DNA sequence analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS I), was detected in tissue biopsies from patients living in the Eastern Ghanaian community of Taviefe. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the ITS I amplicon supports the possibility of an uncharacterized Leishmania spp. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Villinski, Jeffrey T.; Klena, John D.; Abbassy, Magda; Hoel, David F.] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Vector Biol Res Program, APO, AE 09835 USA. [Raczniak, Gregory] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Vector Biol Res Program, Accra, Ghana. [Puplampu, Naiki; Mechta, Sarah; Boakye, Daniel; Raczniak, Gregory] Nagouchi Mem Inst Med Res, Accra, Ghana. RP Hoel, DF (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, Vector Biol Res Program, PSC 452 Box 141, APO, AE 09835 USA. EM hoeld@namru3.med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 13 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 60 IS 3 BP 323 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.09.013 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 272WX UT WOS:000253893500014 PM 18031968 ER PT J AU Henderson, DR Mcnab, RM Rozsas, T AF Henderson, David R. McNab, Robert M. Rozsas, Tamas TI Did inequality increase in transition? - An analysis of the transition countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia SO EASTERN EUROPEAN ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID INCOME INEQUALITY; POLITICAL DEMOCRACY; ECONOMIES; GROWTH; GOVERNMENT; ISSUES; SIZE AB In the first decade that the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia transitioned toward freer markets, measured income inequality increased. Because this contradicted previous models of inequality, researchers linked the increase in inequality to a supposed equality under socialism and to the process of economic and political liberalization. We show, however, that other factors, including hidden inequalities in the socialist era, can explain democratization's resultant increase in measured income inequality. C1 [Henderson, David R.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Henderson, DR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM davidrhenderson1950@gmail.com; rmmcnab@nps.edu; tamas.rozsas@gmail.com NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU M E SHARPE INC PI ARMONK PA 80 BUSINESS PARK DR, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 0012-8775 J9 EASTERN EUR ECON JI East. Eur. Econ. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 28 EP 49 DI 10.2753/EEE0012-8775460202 PG 22 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 289RW UT WOS:000255072600003 ER PT J AU Venn-Watson, S Rivera, R Smith, CR Saliki, JT Caseltine, S St Leger, J Yochem, P Wells, RS Nollens, H AF Venn-Watson, Stephanie Rivera, Rebecca Smith, Cynthia R. Saliki, Jeremiah T. Caseltine, Shannon St Leger, Judy Yochem, Pam Wells, Randall S. Nollens, Hendrik TI Exposure to novel parainfluenza virus and clinical relevance in 2 bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) populations SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA; SEROLOGIC SURVEY; RAPID DIAGNOSIS; MARINE MAMMALS; TYPE-3 VACCINE; INFECTION; ANTIBODIES; DISEASE; CALVES AB Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is a leading cause of respiratory infections in humans. A novel virus closely related to human and bovine parainfluenza viruses types 3 (HPIV-3 and BPIV-3), named Tursiops truncatus parainfluenza virus type 1 (TtPIV-1), was isolated from a dolphin with respiratory disease. We developed a dolphin-specific ELISA to measure acute- and convalescent-phase PIV antibodies in dolphins during 1999-2006 with hemograms similar to that of the positive control. PIV seroconversion occurred concurrently with an abnormal hemogram in 22 animals, of which 7 (31.8%) had respiratory signs. Seroprevalence surveys were conducted on 114 healthy bottlenose dolphins in Florida and California. When the most conservative interpretation of positive was used, 11.4% of healthy dolphins were antibody positive, 29.8% were negative, and 58.8% were inconclusive. PIV appears to be a common marine mammal virus that may be of human health interest because of the similarity of TtPIV-1 to BPIV-3 and HPIV-3. C1 [Venn-Watson, Stephanie; Smith, Cynthia R.] USN, Marine Mammal Program, SSC San Diego, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Rivera, Rebecca; Yochem, Pam; Nollens, Hendrik] G2 Software Syst Inc, San Diego, CA USA. [Rivera, Rebecca; Yochem, Pam; Nollens, Hendrik] HubbsSeaWorld Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. [Saliki, Jeremiah T.; Caseltine, Shannon] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [St Leger, Judy] SeaWorld, San Diego, CA USA. [Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Nollens, Hendrik] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Venn-Watson, S (reprint author), USN, Marine Mammal Program, SSC San Diego, 53560 Hull St,Code 71510, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM stephanie.wong@navy.mil NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 6 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 397 EP 405 DI 10.3201/eid1403.071250 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 270BV UT WOS:000253695800006 PM 18325253 ER PT J AU Coffin, RB Pohlman, JW Grabowski, KS Knies, DL Plummer, RE Magee, RW Boyd, TJ AF Coffin, Richard B. Pohlman, John W. Grabowski, Kenneth S. Knies, David. L. Plummer, Rebecca E. Magee, Robert W. Boyd, Thomas J. TI Radiocarbon and stable carbon isotope analysis to confirm petroleum natural attenuation in the vadose zone SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS LA English DT Article DE natural attenuation; vadose zone; groundwater; carbon isotopes; carbon dioxide; methane; radiocarbon; stable carbon isotope analysis; soil gas; petroleum; methanogenesis ID IN-SITU BIODEGRADATION; INTRINSIC BIOREMEDIATION; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; FRACTIONATION; HYDROCARBONS; GROUNDWATER; C-14; AMS; ASSIMILATION; SEDIMENTS AB Co-2 and CH4 radiocarbon and stable carbon isotope ratios were used to assess natural attenuation at a fuel-contaminated soil site at the Norfolk Navy Base, Norfolk, VA (USA). Soil gas samples were collected spatially over a monitoring network in October 2002 and in March 2003. CO2 and CH4 from regions with high petroleum concentrations were 14 C-depleted relative to uncontaminated areas. (14) C-depleted methane suggested methanogenic hydrocarbon degradation. The difference in CO2 age between background and plume-influenced areas indicated that approximately 90% of the CO2 at the latter was petroleum derived making contaminant the primary source of carbon for the microbial assemblage. C1 [Coffin, Richard B.; Grabowski, Kenneth S.; Knies, David. L.; Boyd, Thomas J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pohlman, John W.] Wood Holes Sci Ctr, US Geog Survey, Woods Holes, MA USA. [Plummer, Rebecca E.] SAIC, Washington, DC USA. [Magee, Robert W.] Naval Facil Engn Command Atlantic, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Boyd, TJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Avfe,Code 6114, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomas.boyd@nrl.navy.mil OI Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1527-5922 J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS JI Environ. Forensics PD MAR PY 2008 VL 9 IS 1 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1080/15275920801888335 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 281HP UT WOS:000254487800009 ER PT J AU Bosshard, M AF Bosshard, Marianne TI Hurricane: The islander's cries SO FRENCH REVIEW LA French DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bosshard, M (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC TEACHERS FRENCH PI CARBONDALE PA MAILCODE 4510, SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-4510 USA SN 0016-111X J9 FR REV JI Fr. Rev. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 81 IS 4 BP 812 EP 813 PG 2 WC Literature, Romance SC Literature GA 273HE UT WOS:000253920200045 ER PT J AU Emmert, JT Picone, JM Meier, RR AF Emmert, J. T. Picone, J. M. Meier, R. R. TI Thermospheric global average density trends, 1967-2007, derived from orbits of 5000 near-Earth objects SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; ART.; DECREASE AB We use orbit data on similar to 5000 near-Earth space objects to investigate long-term trends in thermospheric total mass density, which has been predicted to decrease with time due to increasing CO2 concentrations. We refine and extend to 2007 previous density trend estimates, and investigate solar cycle-dependent bias in empirical density models previously used to filter out solar irradiance effects. We find that the bias is caused in part by the solar cycle dependence of the long-term trends, and we develop a new representation of solar cycle, seasonal, and geomagnetic activity effects. At 400 km, we estimate an overall trend of -2.68 +/- 0.49% per decade and trends of similar to -5 and -2% per decade at solar minimum and maximum, respectively, in fair quantitative agreement with theoretical predictions. The global average density trends also depend on the phase of the year, with the strongest trends around October and weak trends in January. C1 [Emmert, J. T.; Picone, J. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Meier, R. R.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Emmert, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.emmert@nrl.navy.mil RI Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014 OI Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115 NR 16 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 5 AR L05101 DI 10.1029/2007GL032809 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 270IW UT WOS:000253715500003 ER PT J AU Wells, TS LeardMann, CA Smith, TC Smith, B Jacobson, IG Reed, RJ Ryan, MAK AF Wells, Timothy S. LeardMann, Cynthia A. Smith, Tyler C. Smith, Besa Jacobson, Isabel G. Reed, Robert J. Ryan, Margaret A. K. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Self-reported adverse health events following smallpox vaccination in a large prospective study of US military service members SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Article DE smallpox vaccine; questionnaires; military medicine; longitudinal studies; chronic disease; quality of life ID MILLENNIUM COHORT; MENTAL-DISORDERS; UNITED-STATES; PRIMARY-CARE; PRIME-MD; PROGRAM; VALIDATION; UTILITY; INSTRUMENTS; PREVALENCE AB In December 2002, the Department of Defense re-instituted smallpox vaccination for US military forces following growing concerns that smallpox might be employed as a bioterrorist weapon. More than one million service members have been given the smallpox vaccine since 2002, although there have been concerns about the safety of the vaccine. Using a large self-reported prospective database, this analysis investigated a wide variety of self-reported health outcomes and possible association with smallpox vaccination. After confirming self-reported vaccination history with electronic vaccine data, 40,472 individuals were included in the analyses, 8,793 of whom received the smallpox vaccine and 31,679 who did not. No significant adverse associations between smallpox vaccination and self-reported health outcomes, including mental and physical functioning, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune disorders, were found. These findings complement studies that utilize other data sources, such as electronic hospitalization records, and may be reassuring to health care providers and those who receive the smallpox vaccination. C1 [Wells, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, HEPA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [LeardMann, Cynthia A.; Smith, Tyler C.; Smith, Besa; Jacobson, Isabel G.; Reed, Robert J.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA USA. RP Wells, TS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEPA, 2800 Q St,Bldg 824,Room 206, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.wells@wpafb.af.mil NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1002 WEST AVENUE, 2ND FLOOR, AUSTIN, TX 78701 USA SN 1554-8619 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 4 IS 2 BP 127 EP 133 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 317DY UT WOS:000257001100007 PM 18382134 ER PT J AU Pengvanich, P Chernin, D Lau, YY Luginsland, JW Gilgenbach, RM AF Pengvanich, Phongphaeth Chernin, David Lau, Y. Y. Luginsland, John W. Gilgenbach, Ronald M. TI Effect of random circuit fabrication errors on small-signal gain and phase in traveling-wave tubes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE manufacturing tolerance; statistical variation; traveling-wave tube (TWT) AB Motivated by current interest in submillimeter and terahertz (THz) slow-wave vacuum electronic amplifiers, which employ miniature, difficult-to-manufacture slow-wave circuits, we evaluate the effects of small random fabrication errors on the small-signal characteristics of a traveling wave tube. The classical I-D small-signal theory of Pierce, generalized to allow axially varying circuit characteristics, is applied. Random, axially varying perturbations are introduced in the circuit phase velocity mismatch b, the gain parameter C, and the cold-tube circuit loss d, in Pierce notation. Results from a first-order perturbation analysis of the small-signal equations, which are confirmed by numerical analysis, show that the standard deviations in the output phase and in the small-signal gain are linearly proportional to the standard deviations of the individual perturbations in b, C, and d. Our study confirms that the effects of perturbations in the circuit phase velocity dominate the effects of perturbations in C and d. C1 [Pengvanich, Phongphaeth; Lau, Y. Y.; Gilgenbach, Ronald M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Lau, Y. Y.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chernin, David] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Luginsland, John W.] NumerEx, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Pengvanich, P (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM chemind@saic.com; yylau@umich.edu NR 17 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD MAR PY 2008 VL 55 IS 3 BP 916 EP 924 DI 10.1109/TED.2007.914840 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 267JR UT WOS:000253505800030 ER PT J AU Burrage, D Wesson, J Miller, J AF Burrage, Derek Wesson, Joel Miller, Jerry TI Deriving sea surface salinity and density variations from satellite and aircraft microwave radiometer measurements: Application to coastal plumes using STARRS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Aquarius; brightness temperature; coastal plumes; density; emissivity; microwave radiometry; retrieval algorithm; Salinity; Temperature; And Roughness Remote; Scanner (STARRS); sea surface salinity (SSS); Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) ID OCEAN; WATER; CURRENTS; VARIABILITY; GENERATION; ALTIMETER; STABILITY; SEAWATER; MISSION; SYSTEM AB Using brightness temperature Tb measurements from L-band airborne microwave radiometers, with independent sea surface temperature (SST) observations, sea surface salinity (SSS) can be remotely determined with errors of about 1 psu in temperate regions. Nonlinearities in the relationship between Tb, SSS, and SST produce variations in the sensitivity of salinity S to variations in Tb and SST. Despite significant efforts devoted to SSS remote sensing retrieval algorithms, little consideration has been given to deriving density D from remotely sensed SSS and SST. Density is related to S and T through the equation of state. It affects the ocean's static stability and its dynamical response to forcings. By chaining together two empirical relationships (flat-sea emissivity and equation of state) to form an inversion algorithm for sea surface density (SSD) in terms of Tb and SST, we develop a simple L-band SSD retrieval algorithm. We use this to investigate the sensitivity of SSD retrievals to observed Tb and SST and infer errors in D for typical sampling configurations of the airborne Salinity, Temperature, And Roughness Remote Scanner (STARRS) and satellite-borne Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and Aquarius radiometers. We then derive D from observations of river plumes obtained using STARRS and demonstrate several oceanographic applications: the observations are used to study variations in T and S effects on D in the Mississippi plume, and the across-shelf density gradient is used to infer surface geostrophic shear and subsurface geostrophic current in the Plata plume. Future basin-scale applications of SSD retrievals from satellite-borne microwave radiometers such as SMOS and Aquarius are anticipated. C1 [Burrage, Derek; Wesson, Joel] USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Miller, Jerry] Consortium Oceanog Res & Educ, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Burrage, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM burrage@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 765 EP 785 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.915404 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 270QB UT WOS:000253734200018 ER PT J AU Cusick, TW Li, Y Stanica, P AF Cusick, Thomas W. Li, Yuan Stanica, Pantelimon TI Balanced symmetric functions over GF(p) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY LA English DT Article DE balancedness; cryptography; finite fields; multinomial coefficients; symmetric polynomials ID GENERALIZED BENT FUNCTIONS; BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS; FINITE-FIELDS; RESILIENT FUNCTIONS; NONLINEARITY; COEFFICIENTS AB Under mild conditions on n, p, we give a lower bound on the number of n-variable balanced symmetric polynomials over finite fields GF(p), where p is a prime number. The existence of nonlinear balanced symmetric polynomials is an immediate corollary of this bound. Furthermore, we prove that X (2(t), 2(t+1) l-1) are balanced and conjecture that these are the only balanced symmetric polynomials over GF(2), where X(d, n) = Sigma(1 <= i1 20 vol% Mo after heating at 2150 degrees C for 60 min in a He/H-2 atmosphere. The increase in density was attributed to the formation of Mo2C during heating and its subsequent eutectic reaction with Mo, which produced rounded ZrC grains in a Mo-Mo2C matrix. Sintering in vacuum did not produce the same increase in density, due to the lack of Mo2C formation and subsequent lack of liquid formation, which resulted in a microstructure with irregular ZrC grains with isolated areas of Mo. Mechanical properties testing showed a decrease in Young's modulus with increasing Mo content that was consistent with the models presented. Flexure strength of ZrC-Mo cermets sintered in He/H-2 atmosphere materials increased with increasing Mo content from 320 MPa at 20 vol% Mo to 410 MPa at 40 vol% Mo. Strength was predicted by adapting theories developed previously for WC-Co cermets. C1 [Landwehr, Sean E.; Hilmas, Gregory E.; Fahrenholtz, William G.] Univ Missouri, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Talmy, Inna G.] USN, Ceram Sci Grp, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Landwehr, SE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM landwehr@umr.edu OI Fahrenholtz, William/0000-0002-8497-0092 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 91 IS 3 BP 873 EP 878 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.02231.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 270ZR UT WOS:000253759200028 ER PT J AU Wang, WH Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Wang, W. H. Chen, L. G. Sun, F. R. Wu, C. TI Performance optimisation of open cycle intercooled gas turbine power plant with pressure drop irreversibitities SO JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE open cycle intercooled gas turbine; pressure drop loss; finite time thermodynamics; generalised thermodynamic optimisation ID THERMODYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION; BRAYTON-CYCLE AB The thermodynamic performance of an open cycle intercooled gas turbine power plant with pressure drop irreversibilities is optimised by adjusting the intercooling pressure ratio, the flow rate and the distribution of pressure losses along the flow path in the present paper. When the optimisation is performed with the constraints of a fixed fuel flow rate and the power plant size, the power output and efficiency can be maximised again by properly allocating the fixed overall flow area among the compressor inlet and the turbine outlet. C1 [Wang, W. H.; Chen, L. G.; Sun, F. R.] Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. [Wu, C.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9671 J9 J ENERGY INST JI J. Energy Inst. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 81 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 DI 10.2279/174602208X269373 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 289OK UT WOS:000255063600006 ER PT J AU Petersen, K Hayes, DK Blice, JP Hale, RG AF Petersen, Kyle Hayes, David K. Blice, Jeffrey P. Hale, Robert G. TI Prevention and management of infections associated with combat-related head and neck injuries SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE combat; trauma; head; neck; maxillofacial; infection ID RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; ANTIBIOTIC-PROPHYLAXIS; WAR INJURIES; MAXILLOFACIAL INJURIES; CONTAMINATED HEAD; DOUBLE-BLIND; MANDIBULAR FRACTURES; WEAPON INJURIES; WOUND-INFECTION; GUNSHOT WOUNDS AB Maxillofacial injuries constitute 16% of all war-related injuries. This review focuses on data available from military and civilian studies to provide evidence-based recommendations for the modification of infections associated with combat-related injuries to the head and neck. The major emphasis of this review is on the study of subsequent infection, perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis, debridement of devitalized tissue, optimal time to wound closure to achieve a water tight seal, wound irrigation with removal of debris and gross contaminants, fracture fixation, and removal of ocular foreign bodies with intravitreal antibiotics. Further studies Are needed in combat-related injuries to the head and neck in military personnel to provide the highest evidence-based medicine recommendations. C1 [Petersen, Kyle] USN, Naval Med Res Inst, Combat Casualty Care, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Hayes, David K.; Hale, Robert G.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Blice, Jeffrey P.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Petersen, K (reprint author), USN, Naval Med Res Inst, Combat Casualty Care, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM Kyle.Petersen@med.navy.mil NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD MAR PY 2008 VL 64 IS 3 SU S BP S265 EP S276 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e318163d2a6 PG 12 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 276SY UT WOS:000254164300008 PM 18316971 ER PT J AU Riddle, MS Patel, SS Sanders, JW Armstrong, AW Putnam, SD Schlett, CD Tribble, DR AF Riddle, Mark S. Patel, Shimul S. Sanders, John W. Armstrong, Adam W. Putnam, Shannon D. Schlett, Carey D. Tribble, David R. TI Attitudes toward predeployment and experimental vaccinations among troops deployed to operation iraqi freedom and operation enduring freedom SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; RISK-FACTORS; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; ANTHRAX VACCINATION; INFORMED-CONSENT; ERA VETERANS; ILL HEALTH; MILITARY; DIARRHEA; ILLNESS AB Background. The Department of Defense is actively engaged in the research and development of vaccine(s) to mitigate the burden of disease associated with diarrhea among deployed troops. Soldiers' attitudes and beliefs toward predeployment vaccines and participation in experimental research with vaccines are unknown. Methods. To assess these attitudes, a survey was distributed among soldiers who had been and were currently deployed to Operations Iraqi and Enduring Freedom. Results. Sixty-one percent of soldiers believe that predeployment vaccines are important, and 21% are hesitant to receive these vaccinations. Fifteen percent of soldiers stated that they would be willing to enroll in a study evaluating experimental vaccines, and 14% stated that they would participate in military research for vaccine development. Both male and female soldiers agreed that predeployment vaccines were important (86 and 92%, respectively); however, compared to their male counterparts, females were more hesitant to receive routine vaccinations (45% vs 37%) and less likely to volunteer for an experimental vaccine study (12% vs 20%). Officers and Air Force personnel were less hesitant to receive routine vaccinations compared to enlisted and other service personnel, respectively. Furthermore, if a soldier experienced three or more episodes of diarrhea, he or she was more likely to try an experimental vaccine to prevent diarrhea (23% vs 13%, p < 0.0001). Conclusions. A disconnect exists between the belief that immunizations are important and the hesitancy to receive them. Future studies should be directed to understand this gap and emphasize the critical importance of vaccines for health of US personnel in garrison and on deployment. C1 [Tribble, David R.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Riddle, Mark S.; Armstrong, Adam W.; Schlett, Carey D.] Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Patel, Shimul S.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Sanders, John W.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Putnam, Shannon D.] Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Riddle, MS (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM mark.riddle@med.navy.mil RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011 NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 15 IS 2 BP 68 EP 76 DI 10.1111/j.1708-8305.2007.00173.x PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 274SV UT WOS:000254022200002 PM 18346238 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL Petillo, JJ Montgomery, EJ Pan, ZG Feldman, DW O'Shea, PG Moody, NA Cahay, M Yater, JE Shaw, JL AF Jensen, Kevin L. Petillo, John J. Montgomery, Eric J. Pan, Zhigang Feldman, Donald W. O'Shea, Patrick G. Moody, Nathan A. Cahay, M. Yater, Joan E. Shaw, Jonathan L. TI Application of a general electron emission equation to surface nonuniformity and current density variation SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2008 CL Chicago, IL ID SHORT-PULSE PHOTOEMISSION; DIFFUSION; ATOMS; METALS; LASER AB Electron emission nonuniformity is a cause of intrinsic emittance from the electron source, and is a consequence of work function variation due to crystal faces and coatings such as cesium, field enhancement effects due to surface structure, and temperature. Its investigation using particle-in-cell (PIC) codes such as MICHELLE is hampered due to the lack of an emission model that can treat thermal, field, and photoemission effects particularly in crossover regions where the canonical equations, e. g., the Fowler-Nordheim, Richardson-Laue-Dushman, and Fowler-Dubridge equations are compromised. A recently developed thermal-photo-field emission equation is used here to simulate the consequences of nonuniformity due to work function variation induced by coating variation. The analysis is performed both theoretically using simple models as well as using particle-in-cell codes (MICHELLE) to assess changes in current density and emittance. PIC simulations considering an idealized model of geometric effects and crystal face variation indicate that a flat, grainy surface causes the emittance to increase by a factor of 5 while the addition of hemispherical bumps causes the emittance to increase by an additional factor of 6 even though the current is but 10% larger. (c) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Jensen, Kevin L.; Yater, Joan E.; Shaw, Jonathan L.] USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Petillo, John J.] Sci Applicat Intl Corp, Burlington, MA USA. [Montgomery, Eric J.; Pan, Zhigang; Feldman, Donald W.; O'Shea, Patrick G.] Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD USA. [Moody, Nathan A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Cahay, M.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kevin.jensen@nrl.navy.mil RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 26 IS 2 BP 831 EP 837 DI 10.1116/1.2827508 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 282XL UT WOS:000254600600067 ER PT J AU Buchanan, PG AF Buchanan, Paul G. TI Preauthoritarian institutions and postauthoritarian outcomes: Labor politics in Chile and Uruguay SO LATIN AMERICAN POLITICS AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LATIN-AMERICA; CORPORATISM; DEMOCRACY; REFORM; LEGISLATION; ARGENTINA; RIGHTS AB The article argues that preauthoritarian institutions have strongly influenced postauthoritarian labor politics in Chile and Uruguay. The nature of preauthoritarian labor administration-state corporatist in Chile, Pluralist in Uruguay-had a strong impact on postauthoritarian collective outcomes, whether or not they were modified by the dictators or the ideological disposition of the postauthoritarian governments. Variation in preauthoritarian labor politics between Chile and Uruguay gave historical foundation to different union fortunes in the postauthoritarian era. That result points to the contemporary influence of preauthoritarian institutions, with or without authoritarian modifiers. C1 [Buchanan, Paul G.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Buchanan, Paul G.] Univ Arizona, Inst Int Studies, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Buchanan, Paul G.] Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand. RP Buchanan, PG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM buchanan@primary.geek.nz NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1531-426X J9 LAT AM POLIT SOC JI Latin Amer. Polit. Soc. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 50 IS 1 BP 59 EP 89 PG 31 WC Area Studies; International Relations; Political Science SC Area Studies; International Relations; Government & Law GA 272VJ UT WOS:000253888600003 ER PT J AU Nicholson, JW Healey, AJ AF Nicholson, J. W. Healey, A. J. TI The present state of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) applications and technologies SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB AUVs have proved their usefulness in recent years and continue to do so. This paper is a review of the current state of the art of AUVs. Present AUV capabilities are reviewed through a discussion of feasible present-day AUV missions. The state of key AUV design features and sensor technologies is also addressed, identifying those areas most critical to continued future progress in AUV development. C1 [Nicholson, J. W.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Healey, A. J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr AUV Res, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Nicholson, JW (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 48 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 42 IS 1 BP 44 EP 51 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 304LV UT WOS:000256111900008 ER PT J AU Crane, R Ratcliffe, C AF Crane, Roger Ratcliffe, Colin TI Nondestructive testing method assesses large composite structures SO MATERIALS PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article C1 [Crane, Roger] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. [Ratcliffe, Colin] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Crane, R (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. EM roger.crane@navy.mil; ratcliff@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ASSOC CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0094-1492 J9 MATER PERFORMANCE JI Mater. Perform. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 BP 23 EP 24 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 269QY UT WOS:000253665300007 ER PT J AU Sapsford, KE Bradburne, C Delehanty, JB Medintz, IL AF Sapsford, Kim E. Bradburne, Christopher Delehanty, James B. Medintz, Igor L. TI Sensors for detecting biological agents SO MATERIALS TODAY LA English DT Review ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; SINGLE-DOMAIN ANTIBODIES; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE BIOSENSOR; A-CHIP DEVICES; MULTIPLEX PCR; MOLECULAR BEACONS; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS AB Biological agents including viruses, bacteria, and other naturally occurring pathogenic organisms, along with the toxins they produce, are considered far harder to detect and defend against than chemical agents. Here we provide an overview of the predominant molecular sensing technologies for the detection of these agents. This includes biosensing strategies based upon use of antibodies, genomic analysis, biochemical testing, other recognition interactions, and cellular-based responses. We survey some popular sensing approaches, illustrate them with current examples showing how they have been applied, and discuss their intrinsic benefits and potential liabilities. Lastly, within the context of security applications, some approaches for integrating sensing technologies into field-portable devices are discussed. C1 [Bradburne, Christopher; Delehanty, James B.; Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sapsford, Kim E.] US FDA, Off Sci & Engn Labs, Div Biol, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn Code 6900, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Igor.Medintz@nrl.navy.mil NR 137 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7021 J9 MATER TODAY JI Mater. Today PD MAR PY 2008 VL 11 IS 3 BP 38 EP 49 DI 10.1016/S1369-7021(08)70018-X PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 268TT UT WOS:000253603200018 ER PT J AU Baylouny, AM AF Baylouny, Anne Marie TI Militarizing welfare: Neo-liberalism and Jordanian policy SO MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL LA English DT Review AB Jordan's seemingly successful economic and political reforms have been used to advertise the American vision of societal transformation in the Middle East. The imposition of neo-liberal economic policies removed a key source of welfare for the populace, leaving the regime without a secure base of support. Economic liberalization led to a radical change in the regime's base of support, marginalizing the previous regime backers - the East Bank population - and replacing them with a strengthened military, formerly only part of the regime's support. Initial economic liberalization was a critical juncture when differing outcomes were possible. The 1990s set the institutions and state policies that persisted after these extreme hard times passed. An analytical focus on state social provisioning demonstrates the changed social base of the Jordanian regime and the groups effectively disenfranchised by the new arrangements. The military and security services are the only sector growing in structural adjustment. Alongside decreasing social welfare allocations in general, the military's budgets are increasing and the military diversifying into sub-contracting and new economic enterprises. Militarized liberalization serves as an alternative model for Middle East regimes, one that can furnish the foundation for semi-authoritarianism into the near future. This changing social base of the regime, illuminated through an examination of social welfare, must be recognized when tackling the perennial question of a democratic deficit in the Middle East. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Natl Secur Affairs, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Baylouny, AM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Natl Secur Affairs, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 146 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU MIDDLE EAST INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1761 N ST NW, CIRCULATION DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2882 USA SN 0026-3141 J9 MIDDLE EAST J JI Middle East J. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 62 IS 2 BP 277 EP 303 PG 27 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 292WQ UT WOS:000255297200006 ER PT J AU Limbert, J AF Limbert, John TI Bitter friends, bosom enemies: Iran, the US, and the twisted path to confrontation SO MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Limbert, John] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Limbert, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MIDDLE EAST INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1761 N ST NW, CIRCULATION DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2882 USA SN 0026-3141 J9 MIDDLE EAST J JI Middle East J. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 62 IS 2 BP 341 EP 342 PG 2 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 292WQ UT WOS:000255297200012 ER PT J AU Amundson, D Lane, D Ferrara, E AF Amundson, Dennis Lane, David Ferrara, Elizabeth TI Operation aftershock: The US military disaster response to the Yogyakarta earthquake may through June 2006 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The U.S. military has recently been involved in many humanitarian assistance and disaster response missions around the world. This newfound role is in response to the U.S. government's desire to use "medical diplomacy" rather than "military might" to shape its relationship with foreign governments. With each of these humanitarian assistance and disaster response missions, the U.S. military has learned how to more rapidly insert desperately needed services and skill sets into disaster-struck communities, how to arrange for in-country services (translation services, transportation, etc.) that cannot be readily brought in, and how to work closely with foreign governments and nongovernmental organizations to determine their needs and expectations without the U.S. military appearing as if it were trying to establish a permanent presence. C1 [Amundson, Dennis] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Lane, David] 3rd Marine Expeditionary Unit, Okinawa, Japan. [Ferrara, Elizabeth] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Amundson, D (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 173 IS 3 BP 236 EP 240 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 273MD UT WOS:000253934100003 PM 18419024 ER PT J AU Jones, DE Perkins, K Cook, JH Ong, AL AF Jones, David E. Perkins, Kenneth Cook, Jeffrey H. Ong, Adeline L. TI Intensive coping skills training to reduce anxiety and depression for forward-deployed troops SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB This study provides descriptive information and 2-year outcome data on the first intensive, outpatient, coping skills training program for forward-deployed troops in the Western Pacific Ocean region. Established in February 2003 by the Mental Health Department of the U.S. Naval Hospital in Okinawa, Japan, the Outpatient Crisis Prevention Program was designed as a multidisciplinary training program to reduce anxiety and depression and to enhance the coping skills of active duty personnel. This study describes the rationale for creating the program, the patient population, and treatment outcome data collected during the first 2 years. The Beck Depression Inventory II and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were administered as pretraining and posttraining measures to patients who completed the program between February 2003 and February 2005 (N = 326). Results revealed that the Outpatient Crisis Prevention Program was effective in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms and promoting healthy coping behaviors among participants. Follow-up data indicated that gains were maintained 1 month after treatment. C1 [Jones, David E.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Psychol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Perkins, Kenneth] Harbor Behav Care Inst, Brooksville, FL 34609 USA. [Cook, Jeffrey H.] Natl Naval Med Ctr Bethesda, Behav Hlth Care, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Ong, Adeline L.] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Jones, DE (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Psychol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 173 IS 3 BP 241 EP 246 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 273MD UT WOS:000253934100004 PM 18419025 ER PT J AU Zouris, JM Wade, AL Magno, CP AF Zouris, James M. Wade, Amber L. Magno, Cheryl P. TI Injury and illness casualty distributions among US Army and Marine Corps personnel during Operation Iraqi Freedom SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the distributions of U.S. Marine Corps and Army wounded in action (WIA) and disease and nonbattle injury (DNBI) casualties during Operation Iraqi Freedom Major Combat Phase (OIF-1) and Support and Stability Phase (OIF-2). A retrospective review of hospitalization data was conducted. chi(2) tests were used to assess the Primary International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9), diagnostic category distributions by phase of operation, casualty type, and gender. Of the 13,071 casualties identified for analysis, 3,263 were WIA and 9,808 were DNBI. Overall, the proportion of WIA was higher during OIF-1 (36.6%) than OIF-2 (23.6%). Marines had a higher proportion of WIA and nonbattle injuries than soldiers. Although overall DNBI distributions for men and women were statistically different, their distributions of types of nonbattle injuries were similar. Identifying differences in injury and illness distributions by characteristics of the casualty population is necessary for military medical readiness planning. C1 [Zouris, James M.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Wade, Amber L.] Sci Applicat Int Corp Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Magno, Cheryl P.] San Diego State Univ, Res Fdn, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Zouris, JM (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, 271 Catalina Blvd, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 173 IS 3 BP 247 EP 252 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 273MD UT WOS:000253934100005 PM 18419026 ER PT J AU Lucha, PA AF Lucha, Paul A., Jr. TI Ischemic colitis of the ascending colon: A diagnostic and management conundrum SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM AB Ischemic colitis is the most common form of intestinal ischemia. It most commonly involves the left side of the colon presenting with acute onset of abdominal pain followed by bloody diarrhea. Involvement of only the right or ascending colon is an infrequent occurrence. Because this problem is less recognized than its counterpart involving the left colon, the correct diagnosis and management may not be readily considered. We present a case of ischemic colitis presenting as a distal small bowel obstruction with emphasis on evaluation and management of this unusual clinical problem. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Colon & Rectal Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Lucha, PA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Colon & Rectal Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 173 IS 3 BP 328 EP 330 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 273MD UT WOS:000253934100019 PM 18419040 ER PT J AU Miller, NL Shattuck, LG Matsangas, P Dyche, J AF Miller, Nita Lewis Shattuck, Lawrence G. Matsangas, Panagiotis Dyche, Jeff TI Sleep and Academic Performance in US Military Training and Education Programs SO MIND BRAIN AND EDUCATION LA English DT Article AB This review examines the effects of military training regimes, which might include some degree of sleep deprivation, on sleep-wake schedules. We report a 4-year longitudinal study of sleep patterns of cadets at the United States Military Academy and the consequences of an extension of sleep from 6 to 8 hr per night at the United States Navy's Recruit Training Command. These studies provide an opportunity to observe sleep in a college-age population and also to record sleep patterns over an entire 4-year college experience, adding to our understanding of the changes in sleep patterns over the life span. C1 [Miller, Nita Lewis] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Dyche, Jeff] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Miller, NL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, 1411 Cunningham Dr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM nlmiller@nps.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1751-2271 J9 MIND BRAIN EDUC JI Mind Brain Educ. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1111/j.1751-228X.2008.00026.x PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Psychology, Developmental SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology GA V15NN UT WOS:000207808800006 ER PT J AU Garth, TS AF Garth, Todd S. TI Reply to the review by Daniel Attala, 'MLN' 2007, pp. 444-48. The self of the city: Macedonio Fernandez, the Argentine avant-garde, and modernity in Buenos Aires SO MLN LA Spanish DT Editorial Material C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Garth, TS (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0026-7910 J9 MLN JI MLN PD MAR PY 2008 VL 123 IS 2 BP 424 EP 427 PG 4 WC Literary Theory & Criticism SC Literature GA 286KD UT WOS:000254843900015 ER PT J AU Mclay, JG Bishop, CH Reynolds, CA AF McLay, Justin G. Bishop, Craig H. Reynolds, Carolyn A. TI Evaluation of the ensemble transform analysis perturbation scheme at NRL SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SYSTEM; SINGULAR-VECTORS; MODEL; VARIANCE AB The ensemble transform (ET) scheme changes forecast perturbations into analysis perturbations whose amplitudes and directions are consistent with a user-provided estimate of analysis error covariance. A practical demonstration of the ET scheme was undertaken using Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System (NAVDAS) analysis error variance estimates and the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) numerical weather prediction (NWP) model. It was found that the ET scheme produced forecast ensembles that were comparable to or better in a variety of measures than those produced by the Fleet Numerical and Oceanography Center (FNMOC) bred-growing modes (BGM) scheme. Also, the demonstration showed that the introduction of stochastic perturbations into the ET forecast ensembles led to a substantial improvement in the agreement between the ET and NAVDAS analysis error variances. This finding is strong evidence that even a small-sized ET ensemble is capable of obtaining good agreement between the ET and NAVDAS analysis error variances, provided that NWP model deficiencies are accounted for. Last, since the NAVDAS analysis error covariance estimate is diagonal and hence ignores multivariate correlations, it was of interest to examine the ET analysis perturbations' spatial correlation. Tests showed that the ET analysis perturbations exhibited statistically significant, realistic multivariate correlations. C1 [McLay, Justin G.] USN, Res Lab, NRC, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Mclay, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, NRC, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mclay@nrlmry.navy.mil OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 NR 24 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 136 IS 3 BP 1093 EP 1108 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2010.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 286FF UT WOS:000254830700019 ER PT J AU Cen, C Thiel, S Hammerl, G Schneider, CW Andersen, KE Hellberg, CS Mannhart, J Levy, J AF Cen, C. Thiel, S. Hammerl, G. Schneider, C. W. Andersen, K. E. Hellberg, C. S. Mannhart, J. Levy, J. TI Nanoscale control of an interfacial metal-insulator transition at room temperature SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; HETEROSTRUCTURES; OXIDES; FILMS; THIN AB Experimental(1-7) and theoretical(8,9) investigations have demonstrated that a quasi-two-dimensional electron gas (q-2DEG) can form at the interface between two insulators: non-polar SrTiO(3) and polar LaTiO(3) (ref. 2), LaAlO(3) (refs 3-5), KTaO(3) (ref. 7) or LaVO(3) (ref. 6). Electronically, the situation is analogous to the q-2DEGs formed in semiconductor heterostructures by modulation doping. LaAlO(3)/SrTiO(3) heterostructures have recently been shown(10) to exhibit a hysteretic electric-field-induced metal-insulator quantum phase transition for LaAlO(3) thicknesses of 3 unit cells. Here, we report the creation and erasure of nanoscale conducting regions at the interface between two insulating oxides, LaAlO(3) and SrTiO(3). Using voltages applied by a conducting atomic force microscope (AFM) probe, the buried LaAlO(3)/SrTiO(3) interface is locally and reversibly switched between insulating and conducting states. Persistent field effects are observed using the AFM probe as a gate. Patterning of conducting lines with widths of similar to 3 nm, as well as arrays of conducting islands with densities >10(14) inch(-2), is demonstrated. The patterned structures are stable for >24 h at room temperature. C1 [Cen, C.; Levy, J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Thiel, S.; Hammerl, G.; Schneider, C. W.; Mannhart, J.] Univ Augsburg, Inst Phys, Ctr Elect Correlat & Magnetism, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany. [Andersen, K. E.; Hellberg, C. S.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Levy, J (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, 3941 Ohara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM jlevy@pitt.edu RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010; Levy, Jeremy/A-2081-2009; Schneider, Christof/I-5857-2014; Hammerl, German/E-9358-2017; OI Levy, Jeremy/0000-0002-5700-2977; Schneider, Christof/0000-0002-4292-8574; Mannhart, Jochen/0000-0001-6331-2640 NR 30 TC 307 Z9 309 U1 26 U2 180 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 7 IS 4 BP 298 EP 302 DI 10.1038/nmat2136 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 276LY UT WOS:000254144700022 PM 18311143 ER PT J AU Langworthy, JB Saenz, AW AF Langworthy, J. B. Saenz, A. W. TI Coherent pair production by energetic gamma rays incident on quasicrystals SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE coherent pair production (CPP); icosahedral quasicrystals (IQCs); vertex model; gamma rays; intensity drops; Born approximation ID BREMSSTRAHLUNG; QUASICRYSTALS; DIFFRACTION AB We develop a Born-approximation theory of coherent pair production (CPP) of electrons by energetic gamma rays incident on an icosahedral quasicrystal.. described by a schematic model (K model) that includes phonon and phason disorder. Our main result is a formula for the cross-section d sigma(cpp)/d epsilon(+) for CPP, differential with respect to the positron energy epsilon(+) and of order alpha(2) in the fine-structure constant alpha similar to 1/137, but which is otherwise exact. We discuss results of numerical calculations of d sigma(cpp)/d epsilon(+) versus y=epsilon(+)/k for gamma rays of energies k = 20 MeV, 200 MeV, and 3 GeV, incident on icosahedral Al - Mn - Si, described as a special case of the K model (vertex model). This consists in placing an Mn atom at each vertex of the relevant Ammann tiles. Our calculations include CPP of types A and B. Both types exhibit vertical intensity drops at irregularly distributed y-values, many of these drops being so large that they should be observable experimentally. They are analogous to the large intensity drops exhibited by coherent bremsstrahlung in quasicrystals. We predict that CPP drops also occur for realistic models of i-Al - Mn - Si at the same y-values as for the vertex model, but whose magnitudes may differ from those predicted by this model. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Saenz, A. W.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Saenz, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM saenz@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD MAR PY 2008 VL 266 IS 5 BP 734 EP 744 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.12.006 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 293ES UT WOS:000255318700006 ER PT J AU Piacsek, S Allard, R McClean, J AF Piacsek, S. Allard, R. McClean, J. TI Water mass census in the Nordic seas using climatological and observational data sets SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA C-COLLOQUIA ON PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ICE-OCEAN MODEL; DEEP-WATER; ARCTIC-OCEAN; GREENLAND; CIRCULATION; ICELAND; LAYER AB We have compared and evaluated the water mass census in the Greenlend-Iceland-Norwegian (GIN) Sea area from climatologies, observational data sets and model output. The four climatologies evaluated were; the 1998 and 2001 versions of the World Ocean Atlas (WOA98, WOA01), and the United States Navy's GDEM90 (Generalized Digital Environmental Model) and MODAS01 (Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System) climatologies. Three observational data sets were examined: the multidecadal (1965-1995) set contained on the National Oceanographic Data Center's (NODC) WOD98 (World Ocean Data) CD-ROM, and two seasonal data sets extracted from observations taken on six cruises by the SACLANT Research Center (SACLANTCEN) of NATO/Italy between 1986-1989. The model data is extracted from a global model run at 1/3 degree resolution for the years 1983-1997, using the POP (Parallel Ocean Program) model of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The census computations focused on the Norwegian Sea, in the southern part of the GIN Sea, between 10 degrees W-10 degrees E and 60 degrees N-70 degrees N, especially for comparisons with the hydrocasts and the model. Cases of such evaluation computations included; a) "short term" comparisons with quasi-synoptic CTD surveys carried out over a 4-year period in the southeastern GIN Sea; b) "climatological" comparisons utilizing all available casts from the WOD98 CD-ROM, with four climatologies; and c) a comparison between WOA01 climatology and the POP model output ending in 1997. In this region in the spring, the fraction of ocean water that has salinity above 34.85 is similar to 94%, and that has temperatures above 0 degrees C is similar to 33%. Three principal water masses dominated the census; the Atlantic water AW, the deep water DW and an intermediate water mass defined as Lower Arctic Intermediate Water (LAIW). Besides these classes, both the climatologies and the observations exhibited the significant presence of deep water masses with T-S characteristics that do not fall into the "named" varieties, e.g., Norwegian Sea or Greenland Sea deep water (NSDW, GSDW). The seasonal volumetric changes for the Atlantic (AW), intermediate (LAIW) and deep water (DW) in the GIN Sea are in reasonably good agreement between the climatologies, and with the results of hydrographic census surveys. Typical seasonal changes (spring-summer) involve about 30 x 10(3) km(3) of AW increase and 33 x 10(3) km(3) of LAIW decrease, and a decrease of about 32 x 10(3) km(3) of DW between spring and autumn. C1 [Piacsek, S.; Allard, R.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [McClean, J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Piacsek, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. OI Allard, Richard/0000-0002-6066-2722 FU Naval Research Laboratory under Program Element [6.1153N]; US Department of Energy's CHAAMP program of climate research kind the Office of Science (BER) [DE-FEG02-05ER64119]; Office of Naval Research, NOMP Program; National Science Foundation [OCE-0549225] FX This study was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory under Program Element 6.1153N; by the US Department of Energy's CHAAMP program of climate research kind the Office of Science (BER), Grant no. DE-FEG02-05ER64119; by the Office of Naval Research, NOMP Program; and by the National Science Foundation, Grant OCE-0549225. The authors would like to thank Dr. M. CARNES for many enlightening discussions concerning T-S profiles and data bases. We would like to acknowledge the support of Dr. H. ANAND of Mississippi State University in preparing the color figures 5 and 6. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA SARAGOZZA, 12, I-40123 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1124-1896 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO C JI Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. C-Colloq. Phys. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2 BP 215 EP 240 DI 10.1393/ncc/i2008-10290-8 PG 26 GA 393PZ UT WOS:000262386500008 ER PT J AU Behnken, BN Karunasiri, G Chamberlin, DR Robrish, PR Faist, J AF Behnken, Barry N. Karunasiri, Gamani Chamberlin, Danielle R. Robrish, Peter R. Faist, Jerome TI Real-time imaging using a 2.8 THz quantum cascade laser and uncooled infrared micrometer camera SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FOCAL-PLANE ARRAY; TERAHERTZ; WAVE AB Real-time imaging in the terahertz (THz) spectral range was achieved using a milliwatt-scale, 2.8 THz quantum cascade laser and an uncooled, 160 x 120 pixel microbolometer camera modified with Picarin optics. Noise equivalent temperature difference of the camera in the 1-5 THz frequency range was estimated to be at least 3 K, confirming the need for external THz illumination when imaging in this frequency regime. Despite the appearance of fringe patterns produced by multiple diffraction effects, single-frame and extended video imaging of obscured objects show high-contrast differentiation between metallic and plastic materials, supporting the viability of this imaging approach for use in future security screening applications. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Behnken, Barry N.; Karunasiri, Gamani] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Chamberlin, Danielle R.; Robrish, Peter R.] Agilent Labs, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. [Faist, Jerome] Univ Neuchatel, Inst Phys, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. RP Behnken, BN (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bnbehnke@nps.edu RI Faist, Jerome/A-7339-2013 OI Faist, Jerome/0000-0003-4429-7988 NR 12 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 5 BP 440 EP 442 DI 10.1364/OL.33.000440 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 282KE UT WOS:000254565700010 PM 18311285 ER PT J AU Sarasvathy, SD Dew, N Read, S Wiltbank, R AF Sarasvathy, Saras D. Dew, Nicholas Read, Stuart Wiltbank, Robert TI Designing organizations that design environments: Lessons from entrepreneurial expertise SO ORGANIZATION STUDIES LA English DT Article DE science of the artificial; effectuation; isotropy; uncertainty; goal ambiguity; Starbucks ID RULES; TRANSFORMATION; PERFORMANCE AB Human artifacts lie on the interface between their inner environments and their outer environments. Organizations, therefore, are apt subjects to be studied through a science of the artificial. Furthermore, organizational design happens at two interfaces: first, at the interface between organizational founder(s) and the firms they design, and second, between the firms and the environments in which they operate. We use recent developments in the study of entrepreneurial expertise to show why an effectual logic of design is necessary at the first interface, and what its consequences are for designing at the second. In particular, we use the exemplar case of Starbucks to codify three key characteristics of the design problem at the first interface - namely, Knightian uncertainty, goal ambiguity and environmental isotropy. We then use an 'alternate histories' method to trace four strategic options - namely, planning, adaptation, vision and transformation - for designing at the second interface. In the final analysis, organizational design is important because effectuators using transformational approaches not only design organizations, but concurrently end up designing the environments we live in. C1 [Sarasvathy, Saras D.] Univ Virginia, Darden Grad Sch Business Adm, Charlottesville, VA 22906 USA. [Dew, Nicholas] Univ Circle, Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Read, Stuart] IMD, CH-1001 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Wiltbank, Robert] Willamette Univ, Atkinson Grad Sch Management, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RP Sarasvathy, SD (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Darden Grad Sch Business Adm, POB 6550, Charlottesville, VA 22906 USA. EM sarasvathys@darden.edu; ndew@nps.edu; Stuart.Read@imd.ch; Wiltbank@Willamette.edu NR 57 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 33 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0170-8406 EI 1741-3044 J9 ORGAN STUD JI Organ. Stud. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 29 IS 3 BP 331 EP 350 DI 10.1177/0170840607088017 PG 20 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 284QH UT WOS:000254720400002 ER PT J AU Kroonen, LT Gillingham, BL Provencher, MT AF Kroonen, Leo T. Gillingham, Bruce L. Provencher, Matthew T. TI Orthopedic manifestations and management of patients with von Willebrand disease SO ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Review ID HEMOPHILIC ARTHROPATHY; SURGERY; SYNOVECTOMY; REPLACEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; ELBOW; KNEE C1 [Kroonen, Leo T.; Provencher, Matthew T.] USN, Naval Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Gillingham, Bruce L.] USN, Naval Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Kroonen, LT (reprint author), USN, Naval Med Sch, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 112, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0147-7447 J9 ORTHOPEDICS JI Orthopedics PD MAR PY 2008 VL 31 IS 3 BP 263 EP 267 PG 5 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 273HU UT WOS:000253921800010 PM 18351047 ER PT J AU Cheng, J Yao, W Xu, XD Steel, DG Bracker, AS Gammon, D Sham, LJ AF Cheng, Jun Yao, Wang Xu, Xiaodong Steel, D. G. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. Sham, L. J. TI Stimulated Raman spin coherence and spin-flip induced hole burning in charged GaAs quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN; SPECTROSCOPY; DECOHERENCE; RELAXATION; SOLIDS AB High-resolution spectral hole burning (SHB) in coherent nondegenerate differential transmission spectroscopy discloses spin-trion dynamics in an ensemble of negatively charged quantum dots. In the Voigt geometry, stimulated Raman spin coherence gives rise to Stokes and anti-Stokes sidebands on top of the trion spectral hole. The prominent feature of an extremely narrow spike at zero detuning arises from spin population pulsation dynamics. These SHB features confirm coherent electron spin dynamics in charged dots, and the linewidths reveal spin spectral diffusion processes. C1 [Cheng, Jun; Xu, Xiaodong; Steel, D. G.] Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Yao, Wang; Sham, L. J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Bracker, A. S.; Gammon, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cheng, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Biomed Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dst@umich.edu RI Yao, Wang/C-1353-2008; xu, xiaodong/C-4316-2008; OI Yao, Wang/0000-0003-2883-4528; Sham, Lu/0000-0001-5718-2077 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2008 VL 77 IS 11 AR 115315 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.115315 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 282BO UT WOS:000254542800111 ER PT J AU Conroy, MW Oleynik, II Zybin, SV White, CT AF Conroy, M. W. Oleynik, I. I. Zybin, S. V. White, C. T. TI First-principles investigation of anisotropic constitutive relationships in pentaerythritol tetranitrate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; ORGANIC MOLECULAR-CRYSTALS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; PERIODIC HARTREE-FOCK; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; AB-INITIO; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SHOCK INITIATION; BASIS-SET AB First- principles density functional theory ( DFT ) calculations have been used to obtain the constitutive relationships of pentaerythritol tetranitrate ( PETN- I ), a crystalline energetic material. The isotropic equation of state ( EOS ) for hydrostatic compression has been extended to include uniaxial compressions in the < 100 >, < 010 >, < 001 >, < 110 > , < 101 > , < 011 > , and < 111 > crystallographic directions up to a compression ratio of V/ V-0 = 0.70. DFT predicts equilibrium properties such as lattice parameters and elastic constants, as well as the hydrostatic EOS, in agreement with available experimental data. Our results show a substantial anisotropy of various properties of PETN- I upon uniaxial compression. To characterize the anisotropic traits of PETN, different physical properties of the uniaxially compressed crystal such as the energy per atom, band gap, and stress tensor have been evaluated as a function of compression ratio. The maximum shear stresses were calculated and examined for a correlation with the anisotropy in shock- initiation sensitivity. C1 [Conroy, M. W.; Oleynik, I. I.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Zybin, S. V.] CALTECH, Mat & Proc Simulat Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [White, C. T.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Conroy, MW (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RI Oleynik, Ivan/R-5004-2016 OI Oleynik, Ivan/0000-0002-5348-6484 NR 49 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2008 VL 77 IS 9 AR 094107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.094107 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 282BL UT WOS:000254542500039 ER PT J AU Gunlycke, D White, CT AF Gunlycke, D. White, C. T. TI Tight-binding energy dispersions of armchair-edge graphene nanostrips SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; POLYACETYLENE; RIBBONS; STATE AB A tight-binding model of hydrogen-terminated armchair-edge graphene nanostrips is presented, which includes up to third-nearest-neighbor carbon-carbon interactions and edge distortion. The model reproduces the band gaps found in first-principles local-density-functional calculations well. The model also leads to energy dispersion relations in excellent agreement with first-principles results in the vicinity of the Fermi level. Approximate analytical (k) over right arrow.(p) over right arrow and effective mass expressions of the dispersion relations are also presented. Finally, the electron-phonon coupling constant is estimated to be 40 eV/nm. C1 [Gunlycke, D.; White, C. T.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gunlycke, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 140 Z9 142 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2008 VL 77 IS 11 AR 115116 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.115116 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 282BO UT WOS:000254542800055 ER PT J AU Schall, JD Gao, G Harrison, JA AF Schall, J. David Gao, Guangtu Harrison, Judith A. TI Elastic constants of silicon materials calculated as a function of temperature using a parametrization of the second-generation reactive empirical bond-order potential SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; PURE AMORPHOUS-SILICON; TILT GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; SI-H SYSTEMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; FLOATING BONDS; ATOMISTIC SIMULATIONS AB A parametrization for silicon is presented that is based on the second-generation reactive empirical bond-order (REBO) formalism [Brenner, Shenderova, Harrison, Stuart, Ni, and Sinnott J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 14, 783 (2002)]. Because it shares the same analytic form as Brenner's second-generation REBO, this new potential is a step toward a single potential that can model many atom systems that contain C, Si, and H, where bond breaking and bond making are important. The widespread use of Brenner's REBO potential, its ability to model both zero-Kelvin elastic constants of diamond and the temperature dependence of the elastic constants, and the existence of parameters for many atom types were the motivating factors for obtaining this parametrization for Si. While Si-C-H classical bond-order potentials do exist, they are based on Brenner's original formalism. This new parametrization is validated by examining the structure and stability of a large number of crystalline silicon structures, by examining the relaxation energies of point defects, the energies of silicon surfaces, the effects of adatoms on surface energies, and the structures of both liquid silicon and amorphous silicon. Finally, the elastic constants of diamond-cubic and amorphous silicon between 0 and 1100 K are calculated with this new parametrization and compared to values calculated using a previously published potential. C1 [Schall, J. David; Gao, Guangtu; Harrison, Judith A.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jah@usna.edu RI Gao, Guangtu/F-4541-2012 NR 110 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2008 VL 77 IS 11 AR 115209 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.115209 PG 19 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 282BO UT WOS:000254542800090 ER PT J AU Zope, RR Baruah, T Pederson, MR Dunlap, BI AF Zope, Rajendra R. Baruah, Tunna Pederson, Mark R. Dunlap, B. I. TI Static dielectric response of icosahedral fullerenes from C(60) to C(2160) characterized by an all-electron density functional theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL X-ALPHA; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; POLARIZABILITIES; APPROXIMATION; MOLECULES; CLUSTERS; OPTIMIZATION; SIMULATIONS; NANOTUBES AB The static dielectric response of C(60), C(180), C(240), C(540), C(720), C(960), C(1500), and C(2160) fullerenes is characterized by an all-electron density functional method. First, the screened polarizabilities of C(60), C(180), C(240), and C(540) are determined by the finite-field method using Gaussian basis set containing 35 basis functions per atom. In the second set of calculations, the unscreened polarizabilities are calculated for fullerenes C(60)-C(2160) from the self-consistent Kohn-Sham orbitals and eigenvalues using the sum-over-states method. The approximate screened polarizabilities, obtained by applying a correction determined within linear response theory, show excellent agreement with the finite-field polarizabilities. The static dipole polarizability per atom in C(2160) is (4 angstrom(3)) three times larger than that in C(60) (1.344 angstrom(3)). Our results reduce the uncertainty in various theoretical models used previously to describe the dielectric response of fullerenes and show that quantum size effects in polarizability are significantly smaller than previously thought. C1 [Zope, Rajendra R.; Baruah, Tunna] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Phys, El Paso, TX 79958 USA. [Pederson, Mark R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dunlap, B. I.] USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zope, RR (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Phys, El Paso, TX 79958 USA. EM rzope@utep.edu OI Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 NR 49 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2008 VL 77 IS 11 AR 115452 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.115452 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 282BO UT WOS:000254542800204 ER PT J AU Champeaux, S Berge, L Gordon, D Ting, A Penano, J Sprangle, P AF Champeaux, S. Berge, L. Gordon, D. Ting, A. Penano, J. Sprangle, P. TI (3+1)-dimensional numerical simulations of femtosecond laser filaments in air: Toward a quantitative agreement with experiments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID TRANSPARENT MEDIA; PULSES; LIGHT; PROPAGATION; GENERATION; IONIZATION; POWER; O-2 AB Three-dimensional numerical simulations and direct experimental measurements of the multifilamentation of femtosecond laser pulses propagating in air are quantitatively compared. Agreement is obtained in terms of the evolution of the filamentation pattern and in terms of the size and energy of the individual filaments through 12 m of propagation. These results are made possible by the combination of a massively parallel propagation code along with a nondestructive experimental diagnostic technique. Influence of the pulse duration is moreover addressed. The numerical calculations also show that single and multiple filaments exhibit almost identical spectral signature. C1 [Champeaux, S.; Berge, L.] CEA, Ctr DAM France, Dept Phys Theor & Appl, F-91297 Bruyeres Le Chatel, Arpajon, France. [Gordon, D.; Ting, A.; Penano, J.; Sprangle, P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Champeaux, S (reprint author), CEA, Ctr DAM France, Dept Phys Theor & Appl, F-91297 Bruyeres Le Chatel, Arpajon, France. EM stephanie.champeaux@cea.fr RI Berge, Luc/A-5680-2009 NR 33 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 2008 VL 77 IS 3 AR 036406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.77.036406 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 282AL UT WOS:000254539900086 PM 18517532 ER PT J AU Forgoston, E Schwartz, IB AF Forgoston, Eric Schwartz, Ira B. TI Delay-induced instabilities in self-propelling swarms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID BACTERIA; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; SYSTEM; MODEL; LAWS AB We consider a general model of self-propelling particles interacting through a pairwise attractive force in the presence of noise and communication time delay. Previous work by Erdmann et al. [Phys. Rev. E 71, 051904 (2005)] has shown that a large enough noise intensity will cause a translating swarm of individuals to transition to a rotating swarm with a stationary center of mass. We show that with the addition of a time delay, the model possesses a transition that depends on the size of the coupling amplitude. This transition is independent of the initial swarm state (traveling or rotating) and is characterized by the alignment of all of the individuals along with a swarm oscillation. By considering the mean field equations without noise, we show that the time-delay-induced transition is associated with a Hopf bifurcation. The analytical result yields good agreement with numerical computations of the value of the coupling parameter at the Hopf point. C1 [Forgoston, Eric; Schwartz, Ira B.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Nonlinear Dynam Syst Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Forgoston, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Nonlinear Dynam Syst Sect, Code 6792, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM090204] NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 2008 VL 77 IS 3 AR 035203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.77.035203 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 282AL UT WOS:000254539900004 PM 18517450 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, PR Castano, JM Thivierge, DP AF Bandyopadhyay, P. R. Castano, J. M. Thivierge, D. P. TI Experiments on three-dimensional wall-layer scale Lorentz actuators in high-Reynolds-number axisymmetric turbulent boundary layers SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID DRAG REDUCTION; CHANNEL FLOW; FORCE AB Drag reduction of high-Reynolds-number axisymmetric bodies in saltwater flow using numerous small Lorentz actuators is considered. The actuators are three-dimensional and each of them encompasses the footprint of approximately one turbulence production domain at a Reynolds number Re(tau) of 10(3), based on friction velocity and boundary layer thickness. The actuators seed the turbulent boundary layer locally with pulsing toroids of vorticity that straddle the periphery of the actuators. The central downward jet of the toroid counters the upward flow between naturally occurring near-wall vortex pairs. Owing to the presence of the wall, the downward central jet is deflected into wall-jets that lie underneath the toroid. The agglomerated effects of the pulsing of the power applied to the three-dimensional actuators are modeled as Stokes oscillators. An axisymmetric body containing 2(10) numbers of subcentimeter-scale electromagnetic surface actuators was built. Measurements over this body show that drag reduction efficiency is higher compared to that expected in two-dimensional actuators at similar Reynolds numbers. Drag reduction depends on the parameter St T(+) / (2 pi Re(tau)(n)) where St is Stuart number and T+ is pulsing time scale in wall-layer variables, approximately in the same manner as two-dimensional actuators do. However, the exponent n is zero-not 1.0 like that in two-dimensional actuators. At Re(tau) >> 10(3), the same three-dimensional actuators would no longer match the footprints of the unit turbulence production domains and the same applied power would be a weaker perturbation on the streak vorticity. A denser clustering of three-dimensional actuators for the same input power is a likely solution for higher Reynolds numbers. C1 [Bandyopadhyay, P. R.; Castano, J. M.; Thivierge, D. P.] USN, Dept Autonomous & Defens Syst, Undersea Warface Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Bandyopadhyay, PR (reprint author), USN, Dept Autonomous & Defens Syst, Undersea Warface Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM BandyopadhyayPR@Npt.NUWC.Navy.Mil NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAR PY 2008 VL 20 IS 3 AR 035113 DI 10.1063/1.2887983 PG 14 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 281ZO UT WOS:000254537600035 ER PT J AU Wirtz, JJ AF Wirtz, James J. TI Things fall apart: Containing the spillover from an Iraqi Civil War SO POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Wirtz, James J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wirtz, JJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0032-3195 EI 1538-165X J9 POLIT SCI QUART JI Polit. Sci. Q. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 123 IS 1 BP 157 EP 158 PG 2 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 283XM UT WOS:000254669800007 ER PT J AU Lee, WK Sheehan, PE AF Lee, Woo-Kyung Sheehan, Paul E. TI Scanning probe lithography of polymers: Tailoring morphology and functionality at the nanometer scale SO SCANNING LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; scanning probe; lithography; polymers ID ATOMIC-FORCE-MICROSCOPE; DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; OPENING METATHESIS POLYMERIZATION; TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; DYNAMIC PLOWING LITHOGRAPHY; DATA-STORAGE; ELECTROSTATIC NANOLITHOGRAPHY; CONDUCTING POLYMER; SURFACE; BRUSHES AB This article reviews the patterning of the polymer via scanning probe lithography (SPL). Several different lithographies are characterized by the source of the patterned material, whether a mechanical, electrical, or thermal field is used, and whether the lithography modifies morphology, functionality, or both. The merits of the different strategies are discussed with respect to the fabrication goals. C1 [Lee, Woo-Kyung; Sheehan, Paul E.] USN, Res Lab, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sheehan, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Dept Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Paul.sheehan@nrl.navy.mil RI Lee, Woo Kyung/D-9873-2013; Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124 NR 69 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 30 IS 2 BP 172 EP 183 DI 10.1002/sca.20084 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 289GK UT WOS:000255042800013 PM 18200536 ER PT J AU Fonda, RW Knipling, KE Bingert, JF AF Fonda, R. W. Knipling, K. E. Bingert, J. F. TI Microstructural evolution ahead of the tool in aluminum friction stir welds SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE friction stir-welding; electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD); aluminum alloys; titanium alloys; recrystallization ID TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; GRAIN-STRUCTURE; STRAINS; TORSION; DEFORMATION; AL AB The microstructural evolution around the tool during friction stir-welding of aluminum is described. The rotating tool induces a gradual rotation of the crystal lattice with a concomitant development of elongated subgrains. Additional small subgrains form within this structure by continuous dynamic recrystallization, gradually increasing in misorientation, eventually developing high-angle (>15) grain boundaries. The development of texture and similarities to friction stir welds in titanium alloys are also discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Fonda, R. W.; Knipling, K. E.; Bingert, J. F.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6356,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM richard.fonda@nri.navy.mil NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 58 IS 5 BP 343 EP 348 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.09.063 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 268BK UT WOS:000253552700005 ER PT J AU McNelley, TR Swaminathan, S Su, JQ AF McNelley, T. R. Swaminathan, S. Su, J. Q. TI Recrystallization mechanisms during friction stir welding/processing of aluminum alloys SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE friction stir welding; friction stir processing; dynamic recovery and recrystallization; particle stimulated nucleation; microtexture ID CAST NIAL BRONZE; GRAIN-STRUCTURE; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; EVOLUTION AB Restoration models for hot working of metals and alloys are reviewed in the context of their applicability to friction stir welding (FSW) and friction stir processing (FSP). Two of these models are used to interpret microstructure and microtexture data for two aluminum alloys subjected to FSP. The need for further experiments and model extensions to accommodate the transients and steep gradients in the strain, strain rate and temperature experienced by materials during FSW and FSP are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia, Inc. C1 [McNelley, T. R.; Swaminathan, S.; Su, J. Q.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McNelley, TR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tmcnelley@nps.edu NR 25 TC 148 Z9 153 U1 14 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 58 IS 5 BP 349 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.09.064 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 268BK UT WOS:000253552700006 ER PT J AU Yoganandan, N Stemper, BD Pintar, FA Baisden, JL Shender, BS Paskoff, G AF Yoganandan, Narayan Stemper, Brian D. Pintar, Frank A. Baisden, Jamie L. Shender, Barry S. Paskoff, Glenn TI Normative segment-specific axial and coronal angulation corridors of subaxial cervical column in axial rotation SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE subaxial spine; biomechanics; moment-angulation corridors; degeneration-free spine; axial and coronal motion ID LOAD-DISPLACEMENT PROPERTIES; FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL; BIOMECHANICAL EVALUATION; SPINE STABILIZATION; CADAVERIC MODEL; IN-VITRO; KINEMATICS; LAMINECTOMY; FACETECTOMY; TOMOGRAPHY AB Study Design. In contrast to clinical studies wherein loading magnitudes are indeterminate, experiments permit controlled and quantifiable moment applications, record kinematics in multiple planes, and allow derivation of moment-angulation corridors. Axial and coronal moment-angulation corridors were determined at every level of the subaxial cervical spine, expressed as logarithmic functions, and level-specificity of range of motion and neutral zones were evaluated. Objective. Hypothesis: segmental primary axial and coupled coronal motions do not vary by level. Summary of Background Data. Although it is known that cervical spine responses are coupled, segment-specific corridors of axial and coronal kinematics under axial twisting moments from healthy normal spines are not reported. Methods. Ten human cadaver columns (23-44 years, mean: 34 +/- 6.8) were fixed at the ends and targets were inserted to each vertebra to obtain kinematics in axial and coronal planes. The columns were subjected to pure axial twisting moments. Range of motion and neutral zone for primary-axial and coupled-coronal rotation components were determined at each spinal level. Data were analyzed using factorial analysis of variance. Moment-rotation angulations were expressed using logarithmic functions, and mean +/- 1 standard deviation corridors were derived at each level for both components. Results. Moment-angulations responses were nonlinear. Each segmental curve for both components was well represented by a logarithmic function (r(2) > 0.95). Factorial analysis of variance indicated that the biomechanical metrics are spinal level-specific (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Axial and coronal angulations of cervical spinal columns show statistically different level-specific responses. The presentation of moment-angulation corridors for both metrics forms a dataset for the normal population. These segment-specific nonlinear corridors may help clinicians assess dysfunction or instability. These data will assist mathematical models of the spine in improved validation and lead to efficacious design of stabilizing systems. C1 [Yoganandan, Narayan; Stemper, Brian D.; Pintar, Frank A.; Baisden, Jamie L.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, Vet Adm Med Ctr, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Shender, Barry S.; Paskoff, Glenn] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Yoganandan, N (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, Vet Adm Med Ctr, 9200 W Wisconsin Av, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM yoga@mcw.edu NR 36 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 5 BP 490 EP 496 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 270SK UT WOS:000253740300006 PM 18317191 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Bair, S AF Casalini, R. Bair, S. TI The inflection point in the pressure dependence of viscosity under high pressure: A comprehensive study of the temperature and pressure dependence of the viscosity of propylene carbonate SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; COMPLEX DIELECTRIC CONSTANT; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; DIPOLAR COMPOUNDS; ORTHO-TERPHENYL; RELAXATION; TRANSITION; DYNAMICS; DIFFUSION; POLYMERS AB The pressure dependence of the prototypical glass-former propylene carbonate has been investigated over a broad range of temperature and pressure that were inaccessible in previous investigations using dielectric spectroscopy. We find that the viscosity measurements validate the scaling relation, eta(T,V)=J(TV(gamma)), with a scaling parameter gamma close to that found from dielectric relaxation measurements. In the pressure dependence of the viscosity, we observe. an inflection point in the log(eta) versus P response, similar to that found previously for other materials. However, this inflection has never been observed in dielectric relaxation measurements. Using the scaling property above, it is possible to determine the behavior of the dielectric relaxation time in this otherwise inaccessible experimental range and compare it with the viscosity measurements. We find that the behaviors of eta and tau are very similar, and a very good agreement between the function phi(P) calculated for these two quantities is found. Starting from the validity of the scaling properties, we show that the inflection point in the pressure dependence of the viscosity can be attributed to the convolution of the pressure dependences of the compressibility kappa(T) and the apparent activation energy at constant volume E(v). (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Casalini, R.] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Casalini, R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bair, S.] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr High Pressure Rheol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM casatini@nrl.navy.mil NR 55 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 28 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 8 AR 084511 DI 10.1063/1.2834203 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 275BP UT WOS:000254047200039 PM 18315065 ER PT J AU Bogoslovov, RB Roland, CM Ellis, AR Randall, AM Robertson, CG AF Bogoslovov, R. B. Roland, C. M. Ellis, A. R. Randall, A. M. Robertson, C. G. TI Effect of silica nanoparticles on the local segmental dynamics in poly(vinyl acetate) SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; THERMAL-EXPANSION COEFFICIENT; BLACK-FILLED COMPOUNDS; THIN POLYMER-FILMS; CARBON-BLACK; FREE-VOLUME; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE)/SILICA NANOCOMPOSITES; DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY AB The effect of nanosized silica particles on the properties of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) was investigated for a range of silica concentrations encompassing the percolation threshold. The quantity of polymer adsorbed to the particles ("bound rubber") increased systematically with silica content and was roughly equal to the quantity shielded from shear stresses ("occluded rubber"). This bound and occluded polymer attained a level of similar to 12% at a silica volume content of 28%; nevertheless, the glass transition properties of the PVAc, including the glass transition temperature, local segmental relaxation function and relaxation times, and the changes in thermal expansion coefficient and heat capacity at T-g, were unaffected by the interfacial material. That is, there is no indication that the local segmental dynamics of the chains adjacent to silica particles differ from the motions of the bulk chains. Interestingly, the volume sensitivity of the segmental dynamics, as determined from the scaling exponent gamma in the relation T-g similar to V-g(-gamma) in which V-g is the specific volume at the glass transition, becomes stronger with increasing silica concentration. Moreover, this dependence of gamma increases abruptly at the filler percolation threshold. The implication of this result and possible directions for new research are considered. C1 [Bogoslovov, R. B.; Roland, C. M.; Ellis, A. R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Randall, A. M.; Robertson, C. G.] Bridgestone Amer Ctr Res & Technol, Akron, OH 44317 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bogoslovov, Radoslav/B-9137-2008; Robertson, Christopher/J-1812-2012 OI Robertson, Christopher/0000-0002-4217-5429 NR 69 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 10 U2 71 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD FEB 26 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1289 EP 1296 DI 10.1021/ma702372a PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 265AJ UT WOS:000253331200035 ER PT J AU Pruessner, MW Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS AF Pruessner, Marcel W. Stievater, Todd H. Rabinovich, William S. TI In-plane microelectromechanical resonator with integrated Fabry-Perot cavity SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BRAGG MIRRORS; FILTER; SILICON; NOISE; MEMS AB A silicon-on-insulator in-plane microelectromechanical resonator coupled to a high-Q (Q approximate to 4,200), high finesse (F(Max) = 265) optical Fabry-Perot microcavity is presented. The cavity utilizes high reflectance dry-etched silicon/air distributed Bragg reflectors. By suspending one of the Bragg mirrors to a microbridge resonator, the mirror can be displaced and the cavity is tuned. Using electrostatic actuation, bidirectional cavity tuning from -12.1 to + 17.0 nm (29.1 nm total range) is demonstrated near 1601 nm wavelength. The device also enables measurement of thermal-mechanical noise with sensitivity better than 10 fm/Hz(1/2) and may find application in high resolution sensors. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Pruessner, Marcel W.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Stievater, Todd H.; Rabinovich, William S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pruessner, MW (reprint author), SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM marcelwp@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 25 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 8 AR 081101 DI 10.1063/1.2883874 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 278OX UT WOS:000254297300001 ER PT J AU Wood, WT Holbrook, WS Sen, MK Stoffa, PL AF Wood, Warren T. Holbrook, W. Steven Sen, Mrinal K. Stoffa, Paul L. TI Full waveform inversion of reflection seismic data for ocean temperature profiles SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PRESTACK INVERSION; HYDRATE AB We show that ocean temperature profiles can be accurately recovered using only acoustic methods employed at the sea surface. Using a towed air gun array and a hydrophone streamer, thermohaline boundaries are ensonified at a suite of frequencies and angles, yielding travel time trajectories and reflectivities. These data are inverted via full waveform inversion to estimate sound speed and, subsequently, a temperature profile. The high lateral data density of the seismic technique offers the potential of acoustically derived temperature profiles to be used to constrain models of ocean mixing and internal waves. Results on realistic synthetic data show that sound speed can be recovered with arbitrary accuracy when using broadband data, with known source function and recording geometry. Application to field seismic data (corroborated by expendable bathythermograph) shows that even with a seismic acquisition system not specifically calibrated for seismic oceanography, temperature contrasts within the ocean can be recovered to within one degree Celsius. C1 [Wood, Warren T.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Holbrook, W. Steven] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Sen, Mrinal K.; Stoffa, Paul L.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX USA. RP Wood, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7432, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM warren.wood@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Stoffa, Paul/C-4980-2008; Sen, Mrinal/G-5938-2010; Sen, Mrinal /B-5426-2011; Holbrook, W. Steven/G-9800-2011 OI Holbrook, W. Steven/0000-0003-0065-8841 NR 31 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 23 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 4 AR L04608 DI 10.1029/2007GL032359 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 267TE UT WOS:000253531300004 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Wallcraft, AJ Martin, PJ Chassignet, EP AF Kara, A. B. Wallcraft, A. J. Martin, P. J. Chassignet, E. P. TI Performance of mixed layer models in simulating SST in the equatorial Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; 1997-98 EL-NINO; GLOBAL OCEAN; LA-NINA; WATER TURBIDITY; SOLAR-RADIATION; NORTH PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; SENSITIVITY AB This paper examines the ability of three ocean mixed layer submodels to depict inter- annual variations of sea surface temperature ( SST) in a global configuration of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model ( HYCOM). The mixed layer submodels are ( 1) the K- Profile Parameterization ( KPP), ( 2) the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies ( GISS) turbulence closure, and ( 3) the Mellor- Yamada Level 2.5 ( MY) turbulence closure. Accuracy of SSTs from the submodels is investigated during 1996 - 2001, which includes the onset of the strong 1998 La Nina event, when a record cold SST anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific occurred. The model simulations ( with no ocean data assimilation or relaxation to SST climatology) reveal that all three submodels generally capture the westward extent of the SST cooling within the eastern equatorial Pacific during the transition period from the 1997 El Nino to the 1998 La Nina, one of the largest short term events ever observed ( 7 degrees C change in SST from May to June 1998). During the six- month period after the transition, the daily SST from the submodels is approximate to 2 degrees C warmer than the buoy SSTs obtained from the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean ( TAO) array. Some of these biases are due to deficiencies in the net shortwave radiation and near- surface air temperature used for the simulations. Finally, comparisons with 166 yearlong daily SST time series from many buoys over various regions of the global ocean, including mostly equatorial Pacific, give median RMS differences of 0.65 degrees, 0.70 degrees, and 0.78 degrees C for KPP, GISS, and MY, respectively, during 1996 - 2001. C1 [Kara, A. B.; Wallcraft, A. J.; Martin, P. J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Chassignet, E. P.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Chassignet, E. P.] Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Kara, AB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM birol.kara@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 23 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C2 AR C02020 DI 10.1029/2007JC004250 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 267TS UT WOS:000253532700001 ER PT J AU Lumpe, JD Alfred, JM Shettle, EP Bevilacqua, RM AF Lumpe, J. D. Alfred, J. M. Shettle, E. P. Bevilacqua, R. M. TI Ten years of southern hemisphere polar mesospheric cloud observations from the polar ozone and aerosol measurement instruments SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; WATER-VAPOR; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; ERROR ANALYSIS; NLC; EXPLORER; MODEL; ICE; CLIMATOLOGY AB Polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) were observed in the Southern Hemisphere by both the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) II and III instruments. POAM II operated from 1993 to 1996 and its three seasons of Southern Hemisphere PMC observations were previously reported by Debrestian et al. (1997a, 1997b). POAM III operated from 1998 to 2005 and thus observed PMCs during seven Southern Hemisphere seasons. The two POAM instruments are in identical orbits and are very similar in design and measurement capability. These similarities allow for the application of a common PMC detection algorithm to generate a consistent long-term data record by combining the two POAM data sets. In this paper we present an analysis of this combined data set, which consists of approximately 670 PMC observations. The seasonally averaged PMC occurrence frequency, when adjusted for differences in detection sensitivity of the instruments, is found to be strongly anticorrelated with the solar Lyman-alpha flux. The POAM PMC profiles were analyzed using a geometrical cloud model to determine cloud height, vertical thickness, and wavelength-dependent extinction. Seasonally averaged cloud altitudes range from 82.6 to 83.5 km and the thickness varies between approximately 2 and 3 km. The multiwavelength capability of the POAM III instrument has been used to derive information on PMC particle sizes using the spectral dependence of the measured slant path optical depth. The results of this analysis indicate a mean value of 52 nm for the PMC optically effective radius, which is consistent with a variety of other observations. C1 [Lumpe, J. D.] Computat Phys Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Shettle, E. P.; Bevilacqua, R. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Alfred, J. M.] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. RP Lumpe, JD (reprint author), Computat Phys Inc, 1650 38th St,Suite 105, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM lumpe@cpi.com; alfred@cpi.com; shettle@nrl.navy.mil; bevilacqua@nrl.navy.mil NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 22 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D4 AR D04205 DI 10.1029/2007JD009158 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 267TI UT WOS:000253531700007 ER PT J AU Burlaga, LF Ness, NF Acuna, MH Wang, YM Sheeley, NR Wang, C Richardson, JD AF Burlaga, L. F. Ness, N. F. Acuna, M. H. Wang, Y. -M. Sheeley, N. R., Jr. Wang, C. Richardson, J. D. TI Global structure and dynamics of large-scale fluctuations in the solar wind: Voyager 2 observations during 2005 and 2006 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MERGED INTERACTION REGION; HELIOSPHERIC MAGNETIC-FIELD; OUTER HELIOSPHERE; PICKUP IONS; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; TERMINATION SHOCK; COSMIC-RAYS; 95 AU; SPEED; EVOLUTION AB The Voyager 2 (V2) observations of daily averages of the solar wind during 2005 and 2006 from 75.3 AU to 81.6 AU between approximate to 25.7 degrees S and 27.1 degrees S show both a step-like trend in the speed V(t) and "large-scale fluctuations'' of the magnetic field strength B, speed V, density N and temperature T. The distribution functions of B, N, and NV2 observed by V2 are lognormal and that of V is approximately Gaussian. We introduce a method for specifying the boundary conditions at all latitudes (except near the poles) on a Sun-centered surface of radius of 1 AU, based on solar magnetic field observations. This paper uses only the boundary conditions at the latitude of V2 and a 1-D time-dependent MHD model to calculate the radial evolution of the large-scale fluctuations of B(t), V(t) and N(t) at distances between 1 and 90 AU. This model explains the V2 observations of a lognormal distribution of B and the Gaussian distribution of V, but not the observed lognormal distributions of N and NV2. The lognormal distribution of B observed by V2 was produced primarily by dynamical processes beyond 1 AU. C1 [Burlaga, L. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Geospace Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ness, N. F.] Catholic Univ Amer, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Acuna, M. H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wang, Y. -M.; Sheeley, N. R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wang, C.] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Space Sci & Appl Res, State Key Lab Space Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Richardson, J. D.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 37655 USA. RP Burlaga, LF (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Geospace Phys Lab, Code 673, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM leonard.f.burlaga@nasa.gov NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 22 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A2 AR A02104 DI 10.1029/2007JA012796 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 267UK UT WOS:000253534500005 ER PT J AU Mu, XQ Savarino, SJ Bullitt, E AF Mu, Xuang-Qi Savarino, Stephen J. Bullitt, Esther TI The three-dimensional structure of CFA/I adhesion pili: Traveler's diarrhea bacteria hang on by a spring SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adhesion pili; fimbriae; ETEC; helical reconstruction; electron microscopy and image processing ID ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COLONIZATION FACTOR ANTIGEN; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; CHAPERONE; SUBUNITS; FEATURES; VACCINE AB To survive the harsh environment of a churning intestinal tract, bacteria attach to the host epithelium via thin fibers called pili (or fimbriae). Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli bacteria expressing colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) pili and related pili are the most common known bacterial cause of diarrheal disease, including traveler's diarrhea. CFA/I pili, assembled via the alternate chaperone pathway, are essential for binding and colonization of the small bowel by these pathogenic bacteria. Herein, we elucidate unique structural features of CFA/I pili that appear to optimize their function as bacterial tethers in the intestinal tract. Using transmission electron microscopy of negatively stained samples in combination with iterative three-dimensional helical reconstruction methods for image processing, we determined the structure of the CFA/I pilus filament. Our results indicate that strong end-to-end protein interactions and weak interactions between the coils of a sturdy spring-like helix provide the combination of strength, stability, and flexibility required to sustain bacterial adhesion and incite intestinal disease. We propose that CFA/I pili behave like a spring to maintain attachment to the gut lining during vortex mixing and downward flow of the intestinal contents, thereby persisting long enough for these bacteria to colonize the host epithelium and cause enteric disease. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mu, Xuang-Qi; Bullitt, Esther] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Savarino, Stephen J.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bullitt, E (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM bullitt@bu.edu RI Savarino, Stephen/A-8030-2011 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM055722, R01 GM055722, R01 GM055722-06A2, R01 GM055722-07, R01 GM055722-08] NR 26 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD FEB 22 PY 2008 VL 376 IS 3 BP 614 EP 620 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.10.067 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 265JM UT WOS:000253354900002 PM 18166195 ER PT J AU Mostovych, AN Colombant, DG Karasik, M Knauer, JP Schmitt, AJ Weaver, JL AF Mostovych, Andrew N. Colombant, Denis G. Karasik, Max Knauer, James P. Schmitt, Andrew J. Weaver, James L. TI Enhanced direct-drive implosions with thin high-Z ablation layers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; LASER FUSION; TARGETS; RADIATION; IGNITION; PLASMA; MODEL; OMEGA; GAIN AB New direct-drive spherical implosion experiments with deuterium filled plastic shells have demonstrated significant and absolute (2x) improvements in neutron yield when the shells are coated with a very thin layer (similar to 200-400 angstrom) of high-Z material such as palladium. This improvement is interpreted as resulting from increased stability of the imploding shell. These results provide for a possible path to control laser imprint and stability in laser-fusion-energy target designs. C1 [Mostovych, Andrew N.] Enterprise Sci Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. [Colombant, Denis G.; Karasik, Max; Schmitt, Andrew J.; Weaver, James L.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Knauer, James P.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Mostovych, AN (reprint author), Enterprise Sci Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 22 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 7 AR 075002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.075002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 265CO UT WOS:000253336900039 PM 18352563 ER PT J AU Vollmerhausen, RH Moyer, S Krapels, K Driggers, RG Hixson, JG Robinson, AL AF Vollmerhausen, Richard H. Moyer, Steve Krapels, Keith Driggers, Ronald G. Hixson, Jonathan G. Robinson, Aaron L. TI Predicting the probability of facial identification using a specific object model SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE AB Many security and surveillance tasks involve either finding an object in a cluttered scene or discriminating between like objects. For example, an observer might look for a person of known height and weight in a crowd, or he might want to positively identify a specific face. The paper "Modeling target acquisition tasks associated with security and surveillance" [Appl. Opt. 46, 4209 (2007)] describes a specific-object model used to predict the probability of accomplishing this type of task. We describe four facial identification experiments and apply the specific-object model to predict the results. Facial identification is accurately predicted by the specific-object model. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Moyer, Steve; Driggers, Ronald G.; Hixson, Jonathan G.] USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Comm & Elect Res Dev Engn Ctr, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22206 USA. [Krapels, Keith] USN, Res Off, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Robinson, Aaron L.] Univ Memphis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Adv Sensors, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Vollmerhausen, RH (reprint author), 760 Jacktown Rd, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. EM vollmerhausen@hughes.net NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 20 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 6 BP 751 EP 759 DI 10.1364/AO.47.000751 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 276LA UT WOS:000254141800005 PM 18288223 ER PT J AU Lepri, ST Antiochos, SK Riley, P Zhao, L Zurbuchen, TH AF Lepri, S. T. Antiochos, S. K. Riley, P. Zhao, L. Zurbuchen, T. H. TI Comparison of heliospheric in situ data with the quasi-steady solar wind models SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetic fields; methods : data analysis; methods : numerical; MHD; Sun : magnetic fields ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; HEAT-FLUX DROPOUTS; OPEN MAGNETIC-FLUX; POTENTIAL-FIELD MODELS; WHOLE SUN MONTH; INTERPLANETARY; PLASMA; SPACE; HOLES; LOOPS AB The standard theory for the solar-heliospheric magnetic field is the so-called quasi-steady model in which the field is determined by the observed magnetic flux at the photosphere and the balance between magnetic and plasma forces in the corona. In this model, the solar magnetic flux that opens to the heliosphere can increase or decrease as the photospheric flux evolves. The most sophisticated implementation of the quasi-steady theory is the SAIC model, which solves the fully time-dependent 3D MHD equations for the corona and wind until a steady state is achieved. In order to test the quasi-steady theory, we compare the 3D MHD model with observations of the heliospheric flux using multipoint measurements from the VHM instrument on the Ulysses spacecraft from 1991 to 2005 and from magnetic field measurements from various spacecraft at L1 compiled into the OMNI data set from 1976 through 2005. We also compare the observations to the predictions of the potential-field source-surface model, an older and simpler implementation of the quasi-steady theory. During solar maximum, ICMEs significantly disturb the heliospheric magnetic field, making our comparisons difficult. We find that the MHD model compares well with the general trends of the observed heliospheric fluxes. Variations on short timescales, presumably due to local effects, are missed by the model, but the long-term evolution is well matched. The model disagrees with observations most when Ulysses is in slow wind or ICME-related flows. The model underestimates the flux at solar maximum; however, this is to be expected, given the large number of ICMEs in the heliosphere at this time. We discuss the possible sources of discrepancy between the observations and the quasi-steady models. C1 [Lepri, S. T.; Zhao, L.; Zurbuchen, T. H.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Antiochos, S. K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Riley, P.] SAIC, San Diego, CA 92124 USA. RP Lepri, ST (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Zhao, Liang/B-8215-2012; Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; Lepri, Susan/I-8611-2012; OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; Zhao, Liang/0000-0002-5975-7476 NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2008 VL 674 IS 2 BP 1158 EP 1166 DI 10.1086/524347 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RK UT WOS:000253454500041 ER PT J AU Stenborg, G Vourlidas, A Howard, RA AF Stenborg, Guillermo Vourlidas, Angelos Howard, Russell A. TI A fresh view of the Extreme-ultraviolet corona from the application of a new image-processing technique SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation; techniques : image processing ID MASS EJECTION; WHITE-LIGHT; EIT; TOPOLOGY AB The Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) has provided ( and continues to provide) the solar physics community with an unprecedented view of the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) transition region and corona. In particular, it has observed EUV bright points, coronal holes, loops, and arcades, as well as dynamical events such as flares, EIT waves, and mass ejections. However, the multiscale nature of the observed solar features has not been fully exploited so far. In this paper, we introduce a technique to enhance the EUV features based on their multiscale nature, show a few examples of features not revealed with standard image-processing techniques (and therefore not previously noticed in the EIT data set), and make the solar physics community aware of the availability of the full EIT data set as processed with this novel technique. C1 [Stenborg, Guillermo] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Vourlidas, Angelos; Howard, Russell A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stenborg, G (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, 620 Michigan Ave NE, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM stenborg@kreutz.nascom.nasa.gov; vourlidas@nrl.navy.mil; russ.howard@nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 16 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2008 VL 674 IS 2 BP 1201 EP 1206 DI 10.1086/525556 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RK UT WOS:000253454500045 ER PT J AU Sheeley, NR Herbst, AD Palatchi, CA Wang, YM Howard, RA Moses, JD Vourlidas, A Newmark, JS Socker, DG Plunkett, SP Korendyke, CM Burlaga, LF Davila, JM Thompson, WT St Cyr, OC Harrison, RA Davis, CJ Eyles, CJ Halain, JP Wang, D Rich, NB Battams, K Esfandiari, E Stenborg, G AF Sheeley, N. R., Jr. Herbst, A. D. Palatchi, C. A. Wang, Y. -M. Howard, R. A. Moses, J. D. Vourlidas, A. Newmark, J. S. Socker, D. G. Plunkett, S. P. Korendyke, C. M. Burlaga, L. F. Davila, J. M. Thompson, W. T. St Cyr, O. C. Harrison, R. A. Davis, C. J. Eyles, C. J. Halain, J. P. Wang, D. Rich, N. B. Battams, K. Esfandiari, E. Stenborg, G. TI Secchi observations of the Sun's garden-hose density spiral SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : magnetic fields ID CORONA AB The SECCHI HI2 white-light imagers on the STEREO A and B spacecraft show systematically different proper motions of material moving outward from the Sun in front of high-speed solar wind streams from coronal holes. As a group of ejections enters the eastern (A) field of view, the elements at the rear of the group appear to overrun the elements at the front. (This is a projection effect and does not mean that the different elements actually merge.) The opposite is true in the western (B) field; the elements at the front of the group appear to run away from the elements at the rear. Elongation/ time maps show this effect as a characteristic grouping of the tracks of motion into convergent patterns in the east and divergent patterns in the west, consistent with ejections from a single longitude on the rotating Sun. Evidently, we are observing segments of the "garden-hose" spiral made visible when fast wind from a low-latitude coronal hole compresses blobs of streamer material being shed at the leading edge of the hole. C1 [Sheeley, N. R., Jr.; Herbst, A. D.; Palatchi, C. A.; Wang, Y. -M.; Howard, R. A.; Moses, J. D.; Vourlidas, A.; Newmark, J. S.; Socker, D. G.; Plunkett, S. P.; Korendyke, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Burlaga, L. F.; Davila, J. M.; Thompson, W. T.; St Cyr, O. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Harrison, R. A.; Davis, C. J.; Eyles, C. J.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Eyles, C. J.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Halain, J. P.] Univ Liege, Ctr Spatiale Liege, B-4031 Angleur, Belgium. [Wang, D.; Rich, N. B.; Battams, K.; Esfandiari, E.] Interferometr Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Stenborg, G.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Sheeley, NR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sheeley@spruce.nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Thompson, William/D-7376-2012; Scott, Christopher/H-8664-2012 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Scott, Christopher/0000-0001-6411-5649 NR 5 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD FEB 20 PY 2008 VL 674 IS 2 BP L109 EP L112 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291YW UT WOS:000255234500013 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Kim, M Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Canedy, CL Nolde, JA Larrabee, DC Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Bewley, W. W. Lindle, J. R. Canedy, C. L. Nolde, J. A. Larrabee, D. C. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. TI Broad-stripe, single-mode, mid-IR interband cascade laser with photonic-crystal distributed-feedback grating SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We have demonstrated an electrically pumped photonic-crystal distributed-feedback laser with an interband cascade active region emitting at 3.3 mu m. At 78 K, the stripe of width 400 mu m emits up to 67 mW of cw power into a single spectral mode with side-mode suppression ratio approximate to 27 dB. The full width at half maximum of the far-field divergence angle is approximate to 0.5 degrees, which combined with the near-field profile yields an effective M(2) of 1.7-2.0. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Kim, C. S.; Kim, M.; Bewley, W. W.; Lindle, J. R.; Canedy, C. L.; Nolde, J. A.; Larrabee, D. C.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 18 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 7 AR 071110 DI 10.1063/1.2884189 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 267WS UT WOS:000253540500010 ER PT J AU Collins, G AF Collins, Gabe TI China's refining expansions to reshape global oil trade SO OIL & GAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USN, War Coll, China Maritime Studies Inst, Newport, RI USA. RP Collins, G (reprint author), USN, War Coll, China Maritime Studies Inst, Newport, RI USA. EM gabe.collins@gmail.com NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74112 USA SN 0030-1388 J9 OIL GAS J JI Oil Gas J. PD FEB 18 PY 2008 VL 106 IS 7 BP 22 EP + PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA V14FC UT WOS:000207719300003 ER PT J AU Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Ferraro, MS Papanicolaou, NA Bass, R Boos, JB Stepnowski, JL McGill, RA AF Stievater, T. H. Rabinovich, W. S. Ferraro, M. S. Papanicolaou, N. A. Bass, R. Boos, J. B. Stepnowski, J. L. McGill, R. A. TI Photonic microharp chemical sensors SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CANTILEVER ARRAY; MICROCANTILEVERS; RECOGNITION; MIXTURES; SYSTEMS; NOISE AB We describe a new class of micro-opto-mechanical chemical sensors: A photonic microharp chemical sensor is an array of closely spaced microbridges, each differing slightly in length and coated with a different sorbent polymer. They are optically interrogated using microcavity interferometry and photothermal actuation, and are coupled directly to an optical fiber. Simultaneous measurements of the fundamental flexural resonant frequency of each microbridge allow the real-time detection and discrimination of a variety of vapor-phase analytes, including DMMP at concentrations as low as 17 ppb. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Stievater, T. H.; Rabinovich, W. S.; Ferraro, M. S.; Papanicolaou, N. A.; Bass, R.; Boos, J. B.; Stepnowski, J. L.; McGill, R. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stievater, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stievater@nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 18 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 4 BP 2423 EP 2430 DI 10.1364/OE.16.002423 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 268BE UT WOS:000253552100013 PM 18542321 ER PT J AU Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Park, D Khurgin, JB Kanakaraju, S Richardson, CJK AF Stievater, T. H. Rabinovich, W. S. Park, D. Khurgin, J. B. Kanakaraju, S. Richardson, C. J. K. TI Low-loss suspended quantum well waveguides SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID MEMS; SWITCHES; DEVICES AB We have used surface micromachining to fabricate suspended InGaAs/InGaAsP quantum well waveguides that are supported by lateral tethers. The average measured TE propagation loss in our samples is 4.1 dB/cm, and the average measured TE loss per tether pair is 0.21 dB. These measurements are performed at wavelengths in the optical L-band, just 125 nm below the quantum well band gap. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Stievater, T. H.; Rabinovich, W. S.; Park, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Khurgin, J. B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kanakaraju, S.; Richardson, C. J. K.] Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Stievater, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stievater@nrl.navy.mil RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 18 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 4 BP 2621 EP 2627 DI 10.1364/OE.16.002621 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 268BE UT WOS:000253552100037 PM 18542345 ER PT J AU Klionsky, DJ Abeliovich, H Agostinis, P Agrawal, DK Aliev, G Askew, DS Baba, M Baehrecke, EH Bahr, BA Ballabio, A Bamber, BA Bassham, DC Bergamini, E Bi, XN Biard-Piechaczyk, M Blum, JS Breclesen, DE Brodsky, JL Brumell, JH Brunk, UT Bursch, W Camougrand, N Cebollero, E Cecconi, F Chen, YY Chin, LS Choi, A Chu, CT Chung, JK Clarke, PGH Clark, RSB Clarke, SG Clave, C Cleveland, JL Codogno, P Colombo, MI Coto-Montes, A Cregg, JM Cuervo, AM Debnath, J Demarchi, F Dennis, PB Dennis, PA Deretic, V Devenish, RJ Di Sano, F Dice, JF DiFiglia, M Dinesh-Kumar, S Distelhorst, CW Djavaheri-Mergny, M Dorsey, FC Droge, W Dron, M Dunn, WA Duszenko, M Eissa, NT Elazar, Z Esclatine, A Eskelinen, EL Fesues, L Finley, KD Fuentes, JM Fueyo, J Fujisaki, K Galliot, B Gao, FB Gewirtz, DA Gibson, SB Gohla, A Goldberg, AL Gonzalez, R Gonzalez-Estevez, C Gorski, S Gottlieb, RA Haussinger, D He, YW Heidenreich, K Hill, JA Hoyer-Hansen, M Hu, X Huang, WP Iwasaki, A Jaattela, M Jackson, WT Jiang, X Jin, SK Johansen, T Jung, JU Kadowaki, M Kang, C Kelekar, A Kessel, DH Kiel, JAKW Kim, HP Kimchi, A Kinsella, TJ Kiselyov, K Kitamoto, K Knecht, E Komatsu, M Kominami, E Konclo, S Kovacs, AL Kroemer, G Kuan, CY Kumar, R Kundu, M Landry, J Laporte, M Le, WD Lei, HY Lenardo, MJ Levine, B Lieberman, A Lim, KL Lin, FC Liou, W Liu, LF Lopez-Berestein, G Lopez-Otin, C Lu, B Macleod, KF Malorni, W Martinet, W Matsuoka, K Mautner, J Meijer, AJ Melendez, A Michels, P Miotto, G Mistiaen, WP Mizushima, N Mograbi, B Monastyrska, I Moore, MN Moreira, PI Moriyasu, Y Motyl, T Munz, C Murphy, LO Naqvi, NI Neufeld, TP Nishino, I Nixon, RA Noda, T Nurnberg, B Ogawa, M Oleinick, NL Olsen, LJ Ozpolat, B Paglin, S Palmer, GE Papassideri, I Parkes, M Perlmutter, DH Perry, G Piacentini, M Pinkas-Kramarski, R Prescott, M Proikas-Cezanne, T Raben, N Rami, A Reggiori, F Rohrer, B Rubinsztein, DC Ryan, KM Sadoshima, J Sakagami, H Sakai, Y Sandri, M Sasakawa, C Sass, M Schneider, C Seglen, PO Seleverstov, O Settleman, J Shacka, JJ Shapiro, IM Sibirny, A Silva-Zacarin, ECM Simon, HU Simone, C Simonsen, A Smith, MA Spanel-Borowski, K Srinivas, V Steeves, M Stenmark, H Stromhaug, PE Subauste, CS Sugimoto, S Sulzer, D Suzuki, T Swanson, MS Takeshita, F Talbot, NJ Talloczy, Z Tanaka, K Tanaka, K Tanida, I Taylor, GS Taylor, JP Terman, A Tettamanti, G Thompson, CB Thumm, M Tolkovsky, AM Tooze, SA Truant, R Tumanovska, LV Uchiyama, Y Ueno, T Uzcategui, NL van der Klei, I Vaquero, EC Vellai, T Vogel, MW Wang, HG Webster, P Wiley, JW Xi, ZJ Xiao, G Yahalom, J Yang, JM Yap, G Yin, XM Yoshimori, T Yu, L Yue, ZY Yuzaki, M Zabirnyk, O Zheng, XX Zhu, X Deter, RL Tabas, I AF Klionsky, Daniel J. Abeliovich, Hagai Agostinis, Patrizia Agrawal, Devendra K. Aliev, Giumrakch Askew, David S. Baba, Misuzu Baehrecke, Eric H. Bahr, Ben A. Ballabio, Andrea Bamber, Bruce A. Bassham, Diane C. Bergamini, Ettore Bi, Xiaoning Biard-Piechaczyk, Martine Blum, Janice S. Breclesen, Dale E. Brodsky, Jeffrey L. Brumell, John H. Brunk, Ulf T. Bursch, Wilfried Camougrand, Nadine Cebollero, Eduardo Cecconi, Francesco Chen, Yingyu Chin, Lih-Shen Choi, Augustine Chu, Charleen T. Chung, Jongkyeong Clarke, Peter G. H. Clark, Robert S. B. Clarke, Steven G. Clave, Corinne Cleveland, John L. Codogno, Patrice Colombo, Maria I. Coto-Montes, Ana Cregg, James M. Cuervo, Ana Maria Debnath, Jayanta Demarchi, Francesca Dennis, Patrick B. Dennis, Phillip A. Deretic, Vojo Devenish, Rodney J. Di Sano, Federica Dice, J. Fred DiFiglia, Marian Dinesh-Kumar, Savithramma Distelhorst, Clark W. Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan Dorsey, Frank C. Droege, Wulf Dron, Michel Dunn, William A., Jr. Duszenko, Michael Eissa, N. Tony Elazar, Zvulun Esclatine, Audrey Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa Fesues, Laszlo Finley, Kim D. Fuentes, Jose M. Fueyo, Juan Fujisaki, Kozo Galliot, Brigitte Gao, Fen-Biao Gewirtz, David A. Gibson, Spencer B. Gohla, Antje Goldberg, Alfred L. Gonzalez, Ramon Gonzalez-Estevez, Cristina Gorski, Sharon Gottlieb, Roberta A. Haussinger, Dieter He, You-Wen Heidenreich, Kim Hill, Joseph A. Hoyer-Hansen, Maria Hu, Xun Huang, Wei-Pang Iwasaki, Akiko Jaattela, Marja Jackson, William T. Jiang, Xuejun Jin, Shengkan Johansen, Terje Jung, Jae U. Kadowaki, Motoni Kang, Chanhee Kelekar, Ameeta Kessel, David H. Kiel, Jan A. K. W. Kim, Hong Pyo Kimchi, Adi Kinsella, Timothy J. Kiselyov, Kirill Kitamoto, Katsuhiko Knecht, Erwin Komatsu, Masaaki Kominami, Eiki Konclo, Seiji Kovacs, Attila L. Kroemer, Guido Kuan, Chia-Yi Kumar, Rakesh Kundu, Mondira Landry, Jacques Laporte, Marianne Le, Weidong Lei, Huan-Yao Lenardo, Michael J. Levine, Beth Lieberman, Andrew Lim, Kah-Leong Lin, Fu-Cheng Liou, Willisa Liu, Leroy F. Lopez-Berestein, Gabriel Lopez-Otin, Carlos Lu, Bo Macleod, Kay F. Malorni, Walter Martinet, Wim Matsuoka, Ken Mautner, Josef Meijer, Alfred J. Melendez, Alicia Michels, Paul Miotto, Giovanni Mistiaen, Wilhelm P. Mizushima, Noboru Mograbi, Baharia Monastyrska, Iryna Moore, Michael N. Moreira, Paula I. Moriyasu, Yuji Motyl, Tomasz Muenz, Christian Murphy, Leon O. Naqvi, Naweed I. Neufeld, Thomas P. Nishino, Ichizo Nixon, Ralph A. Noda, Takeshi Nuernberg, Bernd Ogawa, Michinaga Oleinick, Nancy L. Olsen, Laura J. Ozpolat, Bulent Paglin, Shoshana Palmer, Glen E. Papassideri, Issidora Parkes, Miles Perlmutter, David H. Perry, George Piacentini, Mauro Pinkas-Kramarski, Ronit Prescott, Mark Proikas-Cezanne, Tassula Raben, Nina Rami, Abdelhaq Reggiori, Fulvio Rohrer, Baerbel Rubinsztein, David C. Ryan, Kevin M. Sadoshima, Junichi Sakagami, Hiroshi Sakai, Yasuyoshi Sandri, Marco Sasakawa, Chihiro Sass, Miklos Schneider, Claudio Seglen, Per O. Seleverstov, Oleksandr Settleman, Jeffre Shacka, John J. Shapiro, Irving M. Sibirny, Andrei Silva-Zacarin, Elaine C. M. Simon, Hans-Uwe Simone, Cristiano Simonsen, Anne Smith, Mark A. Spanel-Borowski, Katharina Srinivas, Vickram Steeves, Meredith Stenmark, Harald Stromhaug, Per E. Subauste, Carlos S. Sugimoto, Seiichiro Sulzer, David Suzuki, Toshihiko Swanson, Michele S. Takeshita, Fumihiko Talbot, Nicholas. J. Talloczy, Zsolt Tanaka, Keiji Tanaka, Kozo Tanida, Isei Taylor, Graham S. Taylor, J. Paul Terman, Alexei Tettamanti, Gianluca Thompson, Craig B. Thumm, Michael Tolkovsky, Aviva M. Tooze, Sharon A. Truant, Ray Tumanovska, Lesya V. Uchiyama, Yasuo Ueno, Takashi Uzcategui, Nestor L. van der Klei, Ida Vaquero, Eva C. Vellai, Tibor Vogel, Michael W. Wang, Hong-Gang Webster, Paul Wiley, John W. Xi, Zhijun Xiao, Gutian Yahalom, Joachim Yang, Jin-Ming Yap, George Yin, Xiao-Min Yoshimori, Tamotsu Yu, Li Yue, Zhenyu Yuzaki, Michisuke Zabirnyk, Olga Zheng, Xiaoxiang Zhu, Xiongwei Deter, Russell L. Tabas, Ira TI Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes SO AUTOPHAGY LA English DT Review DE autolysosome; autophagosome; flux; lysosome; phagophore; stress; vacuole ID GLUCAGON-INDUCED AUTOPHAGY; MURINE PANCREATIC ACINAR; ISOLATED RAT HEPATOCYTES; SEMINAL-VESICLE CELLS; DROSOPHILA FAT-BODY; BETAINE HOMOCYSTEINE METHYLTRANSFERASE; VINBLASTINE-INDUCED AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS; ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION; CHAPERONE-MEDIATED AUTOPHAGY; STARVATION-INDUCED AUTOPHAGY AB Research in autophagy continues to accelerate,1 and as a result many new scientists are entering the field. Accordingly, it is important to establish a standard set of criteria for monitoring macroautophagy in different organisms. Recent reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose.(2,3) There are many useful and convenient methods that can be used to monitor macroautophagy in yeast, but relatively few in other model systems, and there is much confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure macroautophagy in higher eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers of autophagosomes versus those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway; thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from fully functional autophagy that includes delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of the methods that can be used by investigators who are attempting to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as by reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that investigate these processes. This set of guidelines is not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to verify an autophagic response. C1 [Klionsky, Daniel J.] Univ Michigan, Inst Life Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Klionsky, Daniel J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Klionsky, Daniel J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Biol Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. 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[Clarke, Steven G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Clave, Corinne] Univ Bordeaux 2, Inst Biochim & Genet Cellulaires, Lab Genet Mol Champignons, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. [Codogno, Patrice; Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan; Esclatine, Audrey] Univ Paris 11, Chatenay Malabry, France. [Codogno, Patrice; Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan; Esclatine, Audrey] INSERM, U756, Chatenay Malabry, France. [Cleveland, John L.; Steeves, Meredith] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Canc Biol, Jupiter, FL USA. [Colombo, Maria I.] Univ Nacl Cuyo, CONICET, Lab Biol Celular & Mol, Inst Histol & Embryol, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. [Coto-Montes, Ana] Univ Oviedo, Dept Morfol & Biol Celular, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain. [Cregg, James M.] Keck Grad Inst Appl Sci, Claremont, CA USA. [Cuervo, Ana Maria] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Marion Bessin Liver Res Ctr, Dept Anat & Struct Biol & Dev & Mol Biol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Debnath, Jayanta] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pathol, San Francisco, CA USA. [Demarchi, Francesca] Lab Nazl Consorzio Interuniv Biotecnol, Trieste, Italy. [Demarchi, Francesca] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Genome Sci, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Dennis, Phillip A.] USN Med Oncol, NCI, Med Oncol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Deretic, Vojo] Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Devenish, Rodney J.] Monash Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Devenish, Rodney J.] Monash Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Struct & Funct Microbial Genom, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Di Sano, Federica] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Biol, I-00173 Rome, Italy. [Dice, J. Fred] Tufts Univ, Dept Physiol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [DiFiglia, Marian] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Charlestown, MA USA. [Dinesh-Kumar, Savithramma] Yale Univ, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, New Haven, CT USA. [Distelhorst, Clark W.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Dept Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. 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[Michels, Paul] Catholic Univ Louvain, Duve Inst, Trop Dis Res Unit, Brussels, Belgium. [Michels, Paul] Catholic Univ Louvain, Biochem Lab, Brussels, Belgium. [Miotto, Giovanni] Univ Padua, Dept Biol Chem, Padua, Italy. [Mistiaen, Wilhelm P.] Univ Coll Antwerp, Dept Healthcare Sci, Antwerp, Belgium. [Mizushima, Noboru] Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Dept Physiol & Cell Biol, Tokyo, Japan. [Mograbi, Baharia] INSERM, ERI 21, Nice, France. [Mograbi, Baharia] IFR 50, Lab Pathol Clin & Expt, Nice, France. [Monastyrska, Iryna; Reggiori, Fulvio] Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Moore, Michael N.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth, Devon, England. [Moreira, Paula I.] Ctr Neurosci & Cell Biol, Inst Physiol, Coimbra, Portugal. [Moriyasu, Yuji] Saitama Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Div Life Sci, Saitama, Japan. [Motyl, Tomasz] Agr Univ Warsaw, Dept Physiol Sci, Warsaw, Poland. [Muenz, Christian] Rockefeller Univ, Lab Viral Immunobiol, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Murphy, Leon O.] Novartis Inst Biomed Res, Cambridge, MA USA. [Naqvi, Naweed I.] Natl Univ Singapore, Temasek Life Sci Lab, Fungal Pathobiol Grp, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Nishino, Ichizo] Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Natl Inst Neurosci, Dept Neuromuscular Res, Kodaira, Tokyo 187, Japan. [Nixon, Ralph A.] NYU, Sch Med, Nathan Kline Inst, Orangeburg, NY USA. [Noda, Takeshi; Yoshimori, Tamotsu] Osaka Univ, Res Inst Microbial Dis, Dept Cellular Regulat, Osaka, Japan. [Nuernberg, Bernd] Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Biochem & Mol Biol 2, Dusseldorf, Germany. [Ogawa, Michinaga] Univ Tokyo, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Tokyo, Japan. [Oleinick, Nancy L.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Radiat Oncol, Cleveland, OH USA. [Oleinick, Nancy L.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Biochem, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Oleinick, Nancy L.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Oleinick, Nancy L.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Case Comprehens Canc Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Olsen, Laura J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Paglin, Shoshana] Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Dept Oncol, Ramat Gan, Israel. [Palmer, Glen E.] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Dent, Dept Oral & Craniofacial Biol, New Orleans, LA USA. [Papassideri, Issidora] Dept Cell Biol & Biophys, Athens, Greece. [Parkes, Miles] Univ Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hosp, Inflammatory Bowel Dis Res Grp, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, England. [Perlmutter, David H.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Perlmutter, David H.] Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Piacentini, Mauro] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Biol, I-00173 Rome, Italy. [Pinkas-Kramarski, Ronit] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Neurobiochem, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Prescott, Mark] Monash Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Proikas-Cezanne, Tassula] Univ Tubingen, Dept Mol Biol, Tubingen, Germany. [Raben, Nina] NIAMSD, Natl Inst Hlth, Arthritis & Rheumatism Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. [Rami, Abdelhaq] Clin JWG Univ, Inst Cellular & Mol Anat, Frankfurt, Germany. [Rohrer, Baerbel] Med Univ S Carolina, Ophthalmol & Neurosci Div, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Rubinsztein, David C.] Cambridge Inst Med Res, Dept Med Genet, Cambridge, England. [Ryan, Kevin M.] Beatson Inst Canc Res, Tumor Cell Death Lab, Glasgow G61 1BD, Lanark, Scotland. [Sadoshima, Junichi] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Med, Cardiovasc Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Sakagami, Hiroshi] Meikai Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Diagnost & Therapeut Sci, Sakado, Saitama 35002, Japan. [Sakai, Yasuyoshi] Kyoto Univ, Div Appl Life Sci, Kyoto, Japan. [Sakai, Yasuyoshi] JST, CREST, Kyoto, Japan. [Sandri, Marco] Univ Padua, Dept Biomed Sci, Padua, Italy. [Sandri, Marco] Venetan Inst Mol Med, Dulbecco Telethon Inst, Padua, Italy. [Sasakawa, Chihiro] Univ Tokyo, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Tokyo, Japan. [Sass, Miklos] Univ Oslo, Rikshosp, Radiumhosp HF, Inst Canc Res,Dept Cell Biol, N-0027 Oslo, Norway. [Seleverstov, Oleksandr] Univ Oslo, Dept Mol Biosci, N-0027 Oslo, Norway. [Seglen, Per O.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Anim Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Brodsky, Jeffrey L.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Canc, Charlestown, MA USA. [Shacka, John J.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Pathol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Shapiro, Irving M.; Srinivas, Vickram] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. [Sibirny, Andrei] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Cell Biol, Lvov, Ukraine. [Silva-Zacarin, Elaine C. M.] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Sorocaba, Brazil. [Simon, Hans-Uwe] Univ Bern, Dept Pharmacol, Bern, Switzerland. [Simone, Cristiano] Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Dept Translat Pharmacol, I-66030 Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy. [Simonsen, Anne] Univ Oslo, Ctr Canc Biomed, Oslo, Norway. [Simonsen, Anne; Stenmark, Harald] Norwegian Radium Hosp, Dept Biochem, Oslo, Norway. [Smith, Mark A.; Zhu, Xiongwei] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Spanel-Borowski, Katharina] Univ Leipzig, Inst Anat, Leipzig, Germany. [Stromhaug, Per E.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol, Columbia, MO USA. [Subauste, Carlos S.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Inst Pathol, Dept Ophthalmol, Cleveland, OH USA. [Subauste, Carlos S.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Inst Pathol, Dept Med, Cleveland, OH USA. [Sugimoto, Seiichiro] Natl Hosp Org, Miyazaki Higashi Hosp, Dept Neurol, Miyazaki, Japan. [Sulzer, David; Talloczy, Zsolt] Columbia Univ, Dept Neurol, New York, NY USA. [Sulzer, David; Talloczy, Zsolt] Columbia Univ, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA. [Suzuki, Toshihiko] Univ Ryukyus, Dept Microbiol, Okinawa, Japan. [Swanson, Michele S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Tabas, Ira] Columbia Univ, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. [Takeshita, Fumihiko] Yokohama City Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Mol Biodef Res, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232, Japan. [Talbot, Nicholas. J.] Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Exeter, Devon, England. [Tanaka, Kozo] Tohoku Univ, Ctr Res Strategy & Support, Inst Dev Aging & Canc, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Tanida, Isei] Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Tokyo, Japan. [Taylor, Graham S.] Univ Birmingham, CRUK Inst Canc Studies, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Taylor, J. Paul] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Terman, Alexei] Linkoping Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Div Geriatr Med, Linkoping, Sweden. [Tettamanti, Gianluca] Univ Insubria, Dept Struct & Funct Biol, Varese, Italy. [Thumm, Michael] Univ Gottingen, Zentrum Biochem & Mol Zellbiol, Gottingen, Germany. [Tolkovsky, Aviva M.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Biochem, Cambridge CB2 1QW, England. [Tooze, Sharon A.] Canc Res UK London Res Inst, Secretory Pathways Lab, London, England. [Truant, Ray] McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Tumanovska, Lesya V.] AA Bogomolets Physiol Inst, Dept Gen & Mol Pathophysiol, UA-252601 Kiev, Ukraine. [Uchiyama, Yasuo] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Osaka, Japan. [Uzcategui, Nestor L.] Cent Univ Venezuela, Escuela Bioanal, Caracas, Venezuela. [Vaquero, Eva C.] Hosp Clin Barcelona, Div Gastroenterol, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. [Vellai, Tibor] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Genet, Budapest, Hungary. [Vogel, Michael W.] Maryland Psychiat Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Wang, Hong-Gang] H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Tampa, FL USA. [Webster, Paul] House Ear Res Inst, Ahmanson Ctr Adv Elect Microscopy & Imaging, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Wiley, John W.] Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Xi, Zhijun] Peking Univ, Hosp 1, Dept Urol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Xiao, Gutian] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Yang, Jin-Ming] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Canc Inst New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Yap, George] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Yin, Xiao-Min] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Yue, Zhenyu] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Neurol & Neurosci, New York, NY USA. [Yuzaki, Michisuke] Keio Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurophysiol, Tokyo, Japan. [Zabirnyk, Olga] NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Metab & Canc Susceptibil Sect, Frederick, MD USA. [Zabirnyk, Olga] Natl Inst Hlth, Frederick, MD USA. [Zheng, Xiaoxiang] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Deter, Russell L.] Baylor Univ, Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Distelhorst, Clark W.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Dept Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Klionsky, DJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Inst Life Sci, Rm 6036,210 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM klionsky@umich.edu RI van der Klei, Ida/D-1919-2012; Tettamanti, Gianluca/E-5465-2012; Chu, Charleen/B-1601-2008; Gonzalez-Estevez, Cristina/I-9326-2012; Kroemer, Guido/B-4263-2013; Codogno, Patrice/G-1384-2013; Galliot, Brigitte/I-7051-2013; Mizushima, Noboru/C-3635-2009; Knecht, Erwin/A-9366-2014; Tang, Macy/B-9798-2014; Liao, Yung-Feng/A-9761-2011; Gorski, Sharon/E-9375-2012; Fuentes, Jose/H-9490-2014; Gonzalez, Ramon/B-7843-2008; Gonzalez, Ramon/G-9281-2011; Stenmark, Harald/B-8868-2008; Michels, Paul/A-5637-2009; Smith, Mark/A-9053-2009; Zhu, Xiongwei/A-9629-2009; Moreira, Paula/B-3608-2009; Tanida, Isei/C-8277-2009; Perry, George/A-8611-2009; lu, bo/G-4573-2010; Matsuoka, Ken/E-3215-2010; Kominami, Eiki/D-3802-2009; Noda, Takeshi/B-7240-2008; Dinesh-Kumar, Savithramma/E-1153-2011; Talbot, Nicholas/I-9584-2014; Knecht, Erwin/K-2432-2014; Yuzaki, Michisuke/K-5328-2013; Wang, Hong-Gang/A-3018-2015; Thumm, Michael/A-8033-2015; Martinet, Wim/I-7375-2015; Johansen, Terje/N-2971-2015; Malorni, Walter/G-5874-2016; Lopez-Otin, Carlos/C-6657-2013; Mistiaen, Wilhelm/C-3187-2017; Miotto, Giovanni/S-1903-2016; OI Tettamanti, Gianluca/0000-0002-0665-828X; Chu, Charleen/0000-0002-5052-8271; Codogno, Patrice/0000-0002-5492-3180; Mizushima, Noboru/0000-0002-6258-6444; Gorski, Sharon/0000-0002-3821-8289; Fuentes, Jose/0000-0001-6910-2089; Gonzalez, Ramon/0000-0001-7388-1660; Moreira, Paula/0000-0001-5177-6747; Perry, George/0000-0002-6547-0172; Noda, Takeshi/0000-0003-3581-7961; Talbot, Nicholas/0000-0001-6434-7757; Knecht, Erwin/0000-0002-7208-3832; Yuzaki, Michisuke/0000-0002-5750-3544; Johansen, Terje/0000-0003-1451-9578; Lopez-Otin, Carlos/0000-0001-6964-1904; Mistiaen, Wilhelm/0000-0001-8583-2524; Miotto, Giovanni/0000-0002-4278-4873; SIMONE, Cristiano/0000-0002-2628-7658; HUANG, WEI-PANG/0000-0001-8410-6555; Mograbi, Baharia/0000-0002-1025-3429; Van der Klei, Ida J./0000-0001-7165-9679; Vogel, Michael/0000-0002-8402-1495; Gibson, Spencer/0000-0003-0119-732X; Simon, Hans-Uwe/0000-0002-9404-7736; Demarchi, Francesca/0000-0003-1565-3162; Deretic, Vojo/0000-0002-3624-5208; Subauste, Carlos/0000-0002-5602-1439; BALLABIO, Andrea/0000-0003-1381-4604; Nishino, Ichizo/0000-0001-9452-112X FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/E01030X/1]; Medical Research Council [G0600194, G0600194(77639), G0601133]; NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA023378-29, R01 CA023378]; NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG026389, R01 AG026389-01A2]; NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI056097, R01 AI079065]; NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR055255, R01 AR055255-02]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM53396, R01 GM053396, R01 GM062509, R01 GM075061, R01 GM075061-03]; Telethon [TCR04004]; Wellcome Trust [064354] NR 207 TC 1503 Z9 1600 U1 65 U2 432 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1554-8627 EI 1554-8635 J9 AUTOPHAGY JI Autophagy PD FEB 16 PY 2008 VL 4 IS 2 BP 151 EP 175 PG 25 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 260KI UT WOS:000253008800003 PM 18188003 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Ryan, MAK Wingard, DL Slymen, DJ Sallis, JF Kritz-Silverstein, D AF Smith, Tyler C. Ryan, Margaret A. K. Wingard, Deborah L. Slymen, Donald J. Sallis, James F. Kritz-Silverstein, Donna CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI New onset and persistent symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder self reported after deployment and combat exposures: prospective population based US military cohort study SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; GULF-WAR VETERANS; MILLENNIUM COHORT; IRAQ-WAR; PREVALENCE; VIETNAM; SERVICE; PTSD; CARE; AFGHANISTAN AB Objective To describe new onset and persistence of self reported post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in a large population based military cohort, many of whom were deployed in support of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Design Prospective cohort analysis. Setting and participants Survey enrolment data from the millennium cohort (July 2001 to June 2003) obtained before the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Follow-up (June 2004 to February 2006) data on health outcomes collected from 50 184 participants. Main outcome measures Self reported post-traumatic stress disorder as measured by the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist-civilian version using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition criteria. Results More than 40% of the cohort were deployed between 2001 and 2006; between baseline and follow-up, 24% deployed for the first time in support of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. New incidence rates of 10-13 cases of post-traumatic stress disorder per 1000 person years occurred in the millennium cohort. New onset self reported post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms or diagnosis were identified in 7.6-8.7% of deployers; who reported combat exposures, 1.4-2.1% of deployers who did not report combat exposures, and 2.3-3.0% of non-deployers. Among those with self reported symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder at baseline, deployment did not affect persistence of symptoms. Conclusions After adjustment for baseline characteristics, these prospective data indicate a threefold increase in new onset self reported post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms or diagnosis among deployed military personnel who reported combat exposures. The findings define the importance of post-traumatic stress disorder in this population and emphasise that specific combat exposures, rather than deployment itself, significantly affect the onset of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder after deployment. C1 [Smith, Tyler C.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Smith, Tyler C.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.; Wingard, Deborah L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Epidemiol, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Slymen, Donald J.] San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92108 USA. [Sallis, James F.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92108 USA. [Kritz-Silverstein, Donna] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Epidemiol, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM tyler.c.smith@med.navy.mil NR 35 TC 319 Z9 320 U1 6 U2 24 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-8146 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2008 VL 336 IS 7640 BP 366 EP 371 DI 10.1136/bmj.39430.638241.AE PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 268AP UT WOS:000253550600039 PM 18198395 ER PT J AU Carnes, MR Teague, WJ Jarosz, E AF Carnes, M. R. Teague, W. J. Jarosz, E. TI Low-frequency current variability observed at the shelfbreak in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico: November 2004-May 2005 SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coastal current; continental shelf; continental slope; wind stress curl; Northeastern Gulf of Mexico; (28-31N; 86-90W); ADCP moorings; slope circulation ID WEST FLORIDA SHELF; LOOP CURRENT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; BOUNDARY CURRENT; DESOTO CANYON; EASTERN GULF; ANNUAL CYCLE; CIRCULATION; TEMPERATURE; NORTHERN AB Fourteen acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) were deployed on the shelf and slope for 1 year just west of the Desoto Canyon in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) as part of its Slope to Shelf Energetics and Exchange Dynamics (SEED) project. The winter and spring observations are discussed here in regards to the low-frequency current variability and its relation to wind and eddy forcing. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses showed that two modes described most of the current variability. Wind-forced variability of the along-shelf flow was the main contributor in Mode 1 while eddies contributed much of the variability in Mode 2. Wind-stress controlled currents on the shelf and slope at time scales of about a week. On longer time scales, variations in the currents on both the outer shelf and slope appear to be related to seasonal variations in the time-cumulated wind stress curl. Winds were dominant in driving the along-shelf transports, particularly along the slope. However, the effective wind stress component was found to be aligned with the west Florida shelf direction rather than the local shelf direction. Eddy intrusions, which were more numerous in winter and spring than in summer and fall, and winds were found to contribute significantly to cross-shelf exchange processes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Carnes, M. R.; Teague, W. J.; Jarosz, E.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Teague, WJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM teague@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 399 EP 423 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2007.10.005 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 264QL UT WOS:000253303500005 ER PT J AU Marmorino, GO Smith, GB Bowles, JH Rhea, WJ AF Marmorino, G. O. Smith, G. B. Bowles, J. H. Rhea, W. J. TI Infrared imagery of 'breaking' internal waves SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE internal waves; infrared imagery; airborne sensing; oceanic turbulence; hyperspectral imagery; ocean color; USA; Washington; strait of Juan de Fuca ID TURBULENT-FLOW; OCEAN; SURFACE; TEMPERATURE; GENERATION; GEORGIA; STRAIT; SHELF; LAYER AB Airborne infrared imagery is shown to provide preliminary evidence of surface thermal expressions associated with internal waves that become unstable and break over the continental shelf. These expressions include a narrow wave front that is warmer than the ambient; a wide, spatially intermittent 'wake' that is colder than the ambient; and similar to O (10m) diameter surface-renewal 'boils' that populate the wake. These thermal signatures might be useful in assessing the spatial distribution and structure of breaking internal waves. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Marmorino, G. O.; Smith, G. B.; Bowles, J. H.; Rhea, W. J.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marmorino, GO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marmorino@nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 485 EP 490 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2007.10.007 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 264QL UT WOS:000253303500010 ER PT J AU Wynne, JH Pant, RR Jones-Meehan, JM Phillips, JP AF Wynne, James H. Pant, Ramesh R. Jones-Meehan, Joanne M. Phillips, J. Paige TI Preparation and evaluation of nonionic amphiphilic phenolic biocides in urethane hydrogels SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE additives; biomaterials; hydrogels; polyurethanes; self-organization ID ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; POLYURETHANE AB Phenols are rarely used in the preparation of polyurethanes because of the inherent competitive reaction of the phenolic moiety with isocyanates. This work represents a successful application of the combination of phenols with isocyanates toward the development of phenolic-based antimicrobial urethane coatings for niche applications. In this effort, a series of nonionic amphiphilic phenolic molecules were prepared by condensation of 4-hexylresorcinol with the corresponding hydroxyl-terminated monomethyl poly(ethylene glycol) in the presence of a catalytic amount of acid in refluxing toluene. These new molecules were evaluated against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria for their antimicrobial activity in minimum inhibitory concentration solution testing. The same amphiphilic molecules were also incorporated into a hydrophilic poly-urethane hydrogel and dispensed as films for evaluation of surface activity with a newly developed protocol. All samples possessed some degree of surface antimicrobial activity, which was expressed as a log kill reduction in colony-forming units starting from an initial bacterial concentration of 10(7) CFU, and structural features of the phenolic compound were found to contribute significantly to the observed antimicrobial activity. The highest activity was observed in samples containing the phenolic compound with the shortest ethylene oxide polar structural feature and therefore highest mobility in the highly polar urethane resin. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Wynne, James H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pant, Ramesh R.; Jones-Meehan, Joanne M.] Dept Home Secur, Sci & Technol Directorate, Off Natl Labs, Washington, DC 20528 USA. [Phillips, J. Paige] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Wynne, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6100, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.wynne@nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 107 IS 4 BP 2089 EP 2094 DI 10.1002/app.27246 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 246MC UT WOS:000252010100005 ER PT J AU Feng, SM Halterman, K AF Feng, Simin Halterman, Klaus TI Parametrically shielding electromagnetic fields by nonlinear metamaterials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INDEX; REFRACTION AB An analytical theory is developed for parametric interactions in metamaterial multilayer structures with simultaneous nonlinear electronic and magnetic responses and with a near-zero refractive index. We demonstrate theoretically that electromagnetic fields of certain frequencies can be parametrically shielded by a nonlinear left-handed material slab, where the permittivity and permeability are both negative. The skin depth is tunable, and even in the absence of material absorption, can be much less than the wavelength of the electromagnetic field being shielded. This exotic behavior is a consequence of the intricate nonlinear response in the left-handed materials and vanishing optical refractive index at the pump frequency. C1 [Feng, Simin; Halterman, Klaus] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Feng, SM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 NR 12 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 6 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 6 AR 063901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.063901 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 263TC UT WOS:000253238400029 PM 18352472 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA Sletten, MA AF Hwang, Paul A. Sletten, Mark A. TI Energy dissipation of wind-generated waves and whitecap coverage SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OCEAN SURFACE; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; BREAKING WAVES; GRAVITY-WAVES; GAS TRANSFER; SEA; EQUILIBRIUM; GROWTH; PRESSURE; FOLLOWER AB The energy dissipation per unit area of the ocean surface attributed to fetch- or duration-limited wind-generated waves can be expressed in terms of wind speed, significant wave height and peak wave frequency. Such a parameterization equation can be exploited for obtaining a first order estimation of the rate of energy input through the air-sea interface in the world's oceans using satellite output of wind speed, wave height and wave period. For general wind wave events in the ocean with event duration longer than one hour, the energy dissipation (in W/m(2)) is equal to the product of the density of air, wind speed cubed and a proportionality coefficient between 0.00037 and 0.00057. Using the equation to calculate the wave energy dissipation, the whitecap coverage is proportional linearly to the energy dissipation. The threshold energy dissipation for whitecap inception is between 0.013 and 0.038 W/m(2), which corresponds to a threshold wind speed of between 2.5 and 3.6 m/s. The proportionality coefficient is relatively constant for a wide range of wave growth conditions in comparison to the data scatter in the whitecap measurements. This may explain why it is so difficult to establish an unequivocal dependence on the explicit surface wave parameters in the whitecap data. The weak explicit wave signal can be detected after the cubic wind speed dependence is removed. C1 [Hwang, Paul A.; Sletten, Mark A.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7264,BLDG 2, Room 244 E,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM phwang@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 37 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 14 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C2 AR C02012 DI 10.1029/2007JC004277 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 263SA UT WOS:000253235600001 ER PT J AU Gole, JL Prokes, SM Glembocki, OJ AF Gole, James L. Prokes, Sharka M. Glembocki, Orest J. TI Efficient room-temperature conversion of anatase to rutile TiO2 induced by high-spin ion doping SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOCATALYSIS; TRANSFORMATION KINETICS; TITANIA; NANOPARTICLES; PURE; SITE AB The surprising room-temperature phase conversion of anatase to rutile TiO2, a process that normally requires temperatures well in excess of 700 degrees C, is facilitated through the use of transition metal ions with highly unpaired electron spin. Raman spectroscopy is used to demonstrate this unexpected process, facilitated through the use of high-spin cobalt (Co-II) and nickel (Ni-II) transition metal ion seeding into a TiO2, or TiO2-xNx nanocolloid lattice. In distinct contrast, the effect is not manifest upon seeding with low-spin ions including Cull. The Raman spectra also demonstrate the concomitant incorporation of a spinel-like structure into the titania lattice, which is suggested to influence the high-spin cobalt interaction. C1 [Gole, James L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys & Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Prokes, Sharka M.] NRL, Code 6876, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Glembocki, Orest J.] NRL, Code 6880 1, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gole, JL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys & Mech Engn, 837 State St,NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jim.gole@physics.gatech.ed NR 31 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD FEB 14 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 6 BP 1782 EP 1788 DI 10.1021/jp075557g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 259VD UT WOS:000252968100011 ER PT J AU Hooper, TI DeBakey, SF Nagaraj, BE Bellis, KS Smith, B Smith, TC Gackstetter, GD AF Hooper, Tomoko I. DeBakey, Samar F. Nagaraj, Barbara E. Bellis, Kimberly S. Smith, Besa Smith, Tyler C. Gackstetter, Gary D. TI The long-term hospitalization experience following military service in the 1991 Gulf War among veterans remaining on active duty, 1994-2004 SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL MUNITIONS DESTRUCTION; SELF-REPORTED SYMPTOMS; HEALTH-STATUS; RISK-FACTORS; AUSTRALIAN VETERANS; ERA VETERANS; US VETERANS; PYRIDOSTIGMINE BROMIDE; MEDICAL CONDITIONS; PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AB Background: Despite more than a decade of extensive, international efforts to characterize and understand the increased symptom and illness-reporting among veterans of the 1991 Gulf War, concern over possible long-term health effects related to this deployment continue. The purpose of this study was to describe the long-term hospitalization experience of the subset of U. S. Gulf War veterans still on active duty between 1994 and 2004. Methods: Gulf War veterans on active duty rosters as of October 1, 1994, were identified (n = 211 642) and compared with veterans who had separated from military service and then assessed for attrition at three-year intervals during a 10-year follow-up period, examining demographic and military service characteristics, Gulf War exposure variables, and hospitalization data. Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to evaluate independent predictors of all-cause hospitalization among those still on active duty and to estimate cumulative probability of hospitalization, 1994-2004, by service branch. Results: Members of our 1994 active duty cohort were more likely to be officers, somewhat older, and married compared with those who had separated from the military after serving in the 1991 Gulf War. Selected war-related exposures or experiences did not appear to influence separation with the exception of in-theater presence during the brief ground combat phase. Overall the top three diagnostic categories for hospitalizations were musculo-skeletal, injury and poisoning, and digestive disorders. Diseases of the circulatory system and symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions increased proportionately over time. In-theater hospitalization was the only significant independent predictor of long-term hospitalization risk among selected war-related exposures or experiences examined. The cumulative probability of hospitalization was highest for Army and lowest for Marines. Conclusion: Our results were generally consistent with a previous hospitalization study of US Gulf War veterans for the period August 1991 to July 1999. Although lack of a comparison group for our study limits interpretation of overall findings, intra-cohort analyses showed no significant associations between long-term hospitalization and war-related exposures or experiences, with the exception of in-theater hospitalization, within our active duty subset of 1991 Gulf War veterans. C1 [Hooper, Tomoko I.; Gackstetter, Gary D.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [DeBakey, Samar F.; Nagaraj, Barbara E.; Bellis, Kimberly S.] Hlth Res & Anal, Rockville, MD USA. [Smith, Besa; Smith, Tyler C.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Gackstetter, Gary D.] Analyt Serv Inc, Arlington, VA USA. [Nagaraj, Barbara E.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Bellis, Kimberly S.] Altarum Inst, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Hooper, TI (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM thooper@usuhs.mil; sdebakey@health-ra.com; bnagaraj@hivresearch.org; kimberly.bellis@altarum.org; besa.smith@med.navy.mil; tyler.smith2@med.navy.mil; gary.gackstetter@anser.org NR 95 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD FEB 13 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 60 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-8-60 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 272PD UT WOS:000253870800001 PM 18271971 ER PT J AU Luo, C Mahowald, N Bond, T Chuang, PY Artaxo, P Siefert, R Chen, Y Schauer, J AF Luo, Chao Mahowald, N. Bond, T. Chuang, P. Y. Artaxo, P. Siefert, R. Chen, Y. Schauer, J. TI Combustion iron distribution and deposition SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODEL; GLOBAL AEROSOL MODEL; NATIONAL CENTER; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CARBON EMISSIONS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; TRACE-ELEMENTS; MINERAL DUST AB [1] Iron is hypothesized to be an important micronutrient for ocean biota, thus modulating carbon dioxide uptake by the ocean biological pump. Studies have assumed that atmospheric deposition of iron to the open ocean is predominantly from mineral aerosols. For the first time we model the source, transport, and deposition of iron from combustion sources. Iron is produced in small quantities during fossil fuel burning, incinerator use, and biomass burning. The sources of combustion iron are concentrated in the industrialized regions and biomass burning regions, largely in the tropics. Model results suggest that combustion iron can represent up to 50% of the total iron deposited, but over open ocean regions it is usually less than 5% of the total iron, with the highest values (< 30%) close to the East Asian continent in the North Pacific. For ocean biogeochemistry the bioavailability of the iron is important, and this is often estimated by the fraction which is soluble ( Fe(II)). Previous studies have argued that atmospheric processing of the relatively insoluble Fe(III) occurs to make it more soluble ( Fe( II)). Modeled estimates of soluble iron amounts based solely on atmospheric processing as simulated here cannot match the variability in daily averaged in situ concentration measurements in Korea, which is located close to both combustion and dust sources. The best match to the observations is that there are substantial direct emissions of soluble iron from combustion processes. If we assume observed soluble Fe/black carbon ratios in Korea are representative of the whole globe, we obtain the result that deposition of soluble iron from combustion contributes 20-100% of the soluble iron deposition over many ocean regions. This implies that more work should be done refining the emissions and deposition of combustion sources of soluble iron globally. C1 [Luo, Chao] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Bond, T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Chuang, P. Y.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Artaxo, P.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Siefert, R.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Chen, Y.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Schauer, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mahowald, N.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Luo, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. EM cluo@uci.edu; yark@uiuc.edu; pchuang@es.ucsc.ed; artaxo@if.usp.br; siefert@usna.edu; yingcheny@yahoo.com; jjschauer@wisc.edu RI Bond, Tami/A-1317-2013; Mahowald, Natalie/D-8388-2013; Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; Artaxo, Paulo/E-8874-2010 OI Bond, Tami/0000-0001-5968-8928; Mahowald, Natalie/0000-0002-2873-997X; Artaxo, Paulo/0000-0001-7754-3036 NR 77 TC 117 Z9 119 U1 5 U2 48 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD FEB 12 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 AR GB1012 DI 10.1029/2007GB002964 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 263QX UT WOS:000253232700001 ER PT J AU Huang, L Massa, L Karle, J AF Huang, Lulu Massa, Lou Karle, Jerome TI The kernel energy method of quantum mechanical approximation carried to fourth-order terms SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE molecular energy; n-body cluster; quantum crystallography ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; HELIX; RNA AB It is now possible to calculate the ab initio quantum mechanics of very large biological molecules. Two things lead to this perspective, namely, (i) the advances of parallel supercomputers, and (ii) the discovery of a quantum formalism called quantum crystallography and the use of quantum kernels, a method that is well suited for parallel computation. The kernel energy method (KEM) carried to second order has been used to calculate the quantum mechanical ab initio molecular energy of peptides, protein (insulin and collagen), DNA, and RNA and the interaction of drugs with their biochemical molecular targets. The results were found to have good accuracy. In this article, the accuracy of the KEM is investigated up to an approximation including fourth-order interactions among kernels. Remarkable accuracy is achieved in the calculation of the energy of the ground state of the important biological molecule Leu(1)-zervamicin, whose crystal structure is known and used in the calculations. C1 [Massa, Lou; Karle, Jerome] CUNY, Hunter Coll & Sch Med, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Massa, Lou; Karle, Jerome] CUNY, Hunter Coll & Sch Med, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Huang, Lulu] Naval Res Lab, Lab Struct Matter, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Karle, J (reprint author), CUNY, Hunter Coll & Sch Med, Dept Chem, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM jerome.karle@nrl.navy.mil FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-03037, G12 RR003037]; NIGMS NIH HHS [S06GM606654] NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 12 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 6 BP 1849 EP 1854 DI 10.1073/pnas.0711297105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 264CC UT WOS:000253261900016 PM 18250333 ER PT J AU Ouyang, YJ Campbell, P Guo, J AF Ouyang, Yijian Campbell, Paul Guo, Jing TI Analysis of ballistic monolayer and bilayer graphene field-effect transistors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE AB We examine and compare ballistic performance limits of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors with monolayer and bilayer graphene channels. Under low source-drain biases and cryogenic temperatures, the leakage current of the bilayer device is orders of magnitude smaller than that of the monolayer device. The advantage lowers at raised temperatures and source-drain biases. The bilayer device, however, still has qualitatively different and more favorable I-V characteristics. We find the ballistic on-state channel conductance and the minimum channel conductance have distinctly different dependences on the channel length. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Ouyang, Yijian; Guo, Jing] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Campbell, Paul] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ouyang, YJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM guoj@ufl.edu NR 14 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 11 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 6 AR 063120 DI 10.1063/1.2841664 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 263SX UT WOS:000253237900092 ER PT J AU Shao, L Wang, YQ Swadener, JG Nastasi, M Thompson, PE Theodore, ND AF Shao, Lin Wang, Y. Q. Swadener, J. G. Nastasi, M. Thompson, Phillip E. Theodore, N. David TI Cracking in hydrogen ion-implanted Si/Si(0.8)Ge(0.2)/Si heterostructures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SI1-XGEX/SI(100) HETEROSTRUCTURES; STRAIN RELAXATION; SILICON AB We demonstrate that a controllable cracking can be realized in Si with a buried strain layer when hydrogen is introduced using traditional H-ion implantation techniques. However, H stimulated cracking is dependent on H projected ranges; cracking occurs along a Si(0.8)Ge(0.2) strain layer only if the H projected range is shallower than the depth of the strained layer. The absence of cracking for H ranges deeper than the strain layer is attributed to ion-irradiation induced strain relaxation, which is confirmed by Rutherford-backscattering-spectrometry channeling angular scans. The study reveals the importance of strain in initializing continuous cracking with extremely low H concentrations. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Shao, Lin] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Shao, Lin; Wang, Y. Q.; Swadener, J. G.; Nastasi, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Thompson, Phillip E.] USN, Res Lab, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Theodore, N. David] Free Semiconductor Inc, Analog & Mixed Signal Technol, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP Shao, L (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM lshao@mailaps.org OI Swadener, John G/0000-0001-5493-3461 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 11 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 6 AR 061904 DI 10.1063/1.2838338 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 263SX UT WOS:000253237900026 ER PT J AU Gera, R Shen, J AF Gera, Ralucca Shen, Jian TI Extension of strongly regular graphs SO ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF COMBINATORICS LA English DT Article DE strongly regular graph; Friendship Theorem ID EIGENVALUES AB The Friendship Theorem states that if any two people in a party have exactly one common friend, then there exists a politician who is a friend of everybody. In this paper, we generalize the Friendship Theorem. Let A be any nonnegative integer and p be any positive integer. Suppose each pair of friends have exactly A common friends and each pair of strangers have exactly p common friends in a party. The corresponding graph is a generalization of strongly regular graphs obtained by relaxing the regularity property on vertex degrees. We prove that either everyone has exactly the same number of friends or there exists a politician who is a friend of everybody. As an immediate consequence, this implies a recent conjecture by Limaye et al. C1 [Gera, Ralucca] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Shen, Jian] Texas State Univ, Dept Math, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Gera, R (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rgera@nps.edu; js48@txstate.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF COMBINATORICS PI NEWARK PA C/O FELIX LAZEBNIK, RM 507, EWING HALL, UNIV DELAWARE, DEPT MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES, NEWARK, DE 19716 USA SN 1077-8926 J9 ELECTRON J COMB JI Electron. J. Comb. PD FEB 11 PY 2008 VL 15 IS 1 AR N3 PG 5 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 260LV UT WOS:000253012700001 ER PT J AU Snyder, WA Arnone, RA Davis, CO Goode, W Gould, RW Ladner, S Lamela, G Rhea, WJ Stavn, R Sydor, M Weidemann, A AF Snyder, William A. Arnone, Robert A. Davis, Curtiss O. Goode, Wesley Gould, Richard W. Ladner, Sherwin Lamela, Gia Rhea, William J. Stavn, Robert Sydor, Michael Weidemann, Allen TI Optical scattering and backscattering by organic and inorganic particulates in US coastal waters SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID REMOTE-SENSING REFLECTANCE; ABSORPTION; OCEAN; SEAWATER; RATIO; PARTICLES; SPECTRA; IMAGERY; MODEL AB We present the results of a study of optical scattering and backscattering of particulates for three coastal sites that represent a wide range of optical properties that are found in U.S. near-shore waters. The 6000 scattering and backscattering spectra collected for this study can be well approximated by a power-law function of wavelength. The power-law exponent for particulate scattering changes dramatically from site to site (and within each site) compared with particulate backscattering where all the spectra, except possibly the very clearest waters, cluster around a single wavelength power-law exponent of -0.94. The particulate backscattering-to-scattering ratio (the backscattering ratio) displays a wide range in wavelength dependence. This result is not consistent with scattering models that describe the bulk composition of water as a uniform mix of homogeneous spherical particles with a Junge-like power-law distribution over all particle sizes. Simultaneous particulate organic matter (POM) and particulate inorganic matter (PIM) measurements are available for some of our optical measurements, and site-averaged POM and PIM mass-specific cross sections for scattering and backscattering can be derived. Cross sections for organic and inorganic material differ at each site, and the relative contribution of organic and inorganic material to scattering and backscattering depends differently at each site on the relative amount of material that is present. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Snyder, William A.; Lamela, Gia; Rhea, William J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Davis, Curtiss O.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Stavn, Robert] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. [Sydor, Michael] Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Snyder, WA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7230,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM William.Snyder@nrl.navy.mil NR 44 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 10 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 5 BP 666 EP 677 DI 10.1364/AO.47.000666 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 272HZ UT WOS:000253851800009 PM 18268778 ER PT J AU Gopalswamy, N Yashiro, S Xie, H Akiyama, S Aguilar-Rodriguez, E Kaiser, ML Howard, RA Bougeret, JL AF Gopalswamy, N. Yashiro, S. Xie, H. Akiyama, S. Aguilar-Rodriguez, E. Kaiser, M. L. Howard, R. A. Bougeret, J. -L. TI Radio-quiet fast and wide coronal mass ejections SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : flares; Sun : particle emission; Sun : radio radiation ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS; LARGE-ANGLE; SOLAR; SPACECRAFT; BURSTS; WAVES; SHOCK; SUN AB We report on the properties of radio-quiet (RQ) and radio-loud (RL) coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that are fast and wide (FW). RQ CMEs lack type II radio bursts in the metric and decameter-hectometric (DH) wavelengths. RL CMEs are associated with metric or DH type II bursts. We found that similar to 40% of the FW CMEs from 1996 to 2005 were RQ. The RQ CMEs had an average speed of 1117 km s(-1) compared to 1438 km s(-1) for the RL, bracketing the average speed of all FW CMEs (1303 km s(-1)). The fraction of full halo CMEs (apparent width 360 degrees) was the largest for the RL CMEs (60%), smallest for the RQ CMEs (16%), and intermediate for all FW CMEs (42%). The median soft X-ray flare size for the RQ CMEs (C6.9) was also smaller than that for the RL CMEs (M3.9). About 55% of RQ CMEs were back sided, while the front-sided ones originated close to the limb. The RL CMEs originated generally on the disk with only similar to 25% being back sided. The RQ FW CMEs suggest that the Alfven speed in the low-latitude outer corona can often exceed 1000 km s(-1) and can vary over a factor of >= 3. None of the RQ CMEs was associated with large solar energetic particle events, which is useful information for space weather applications. C1 [Gopalswamy, N.; Kaiser, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yashiro, S.; Xie, H.; Akiyama, S.; Aguilar-Rodriguez, E.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Howard, R. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bougeret, J. -L.] Observ Paris, Meudon, France. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012; OI Gopalswamy, Nat/0000-0001-5894-9954 NR 25 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2008 VL 674 IS 1 BP 560 EP 569 DI 10.1086/524765 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RJ UT WOS:000253454400050 ER PT J AU Delgadillo-Hinojosa, F Zirino, A Holm-Hansen, O Hernandez-Ayon, JM Boyd, TJ Chadwick, B Rivera-Duarte, I AF Delgadillo-Hinojosa, F. Zirino, A. Holm-Hansen, O. Hernandez-Ayon, J. M. Boyd, T. J. Chadwick, B. Rivera-Duarte, I. TI Dissolved nutrient balance and net ecosystem metabolism in a Mediterranean-climate coastal lagoon: San Diego Bay SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phosphate; nitrogen; carbon; NEM; Mediterranean estuaries; San Diego bay ID MASS-BALANCE; FRESH-WATER; AUSTRALIAN ESTUARIES; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; QUINTIN BAY; TOMALES BAY; WILLAPA BAY; CARBON; CALIFORNIA; SEAWATER AB The temporal and spatial variability of dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP), nitrogen (DIN), carbon (DIC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were studied in order to determine the net ecosystem metabolism (NEM) of San Diego Bay (SDB), a Mediterranean-climate lagoon. A series of four sampling campaigns were carried out during the rainy (January 2000) and the dry (August 2000 and May and September 2001) seasons. During the dry season, temperature, salinity and DIP, DIC and DOC concentrations increased from oceanic values in the outer bay to higher values at the innermost end of the bay. DIP, DIC and DOC concentrations showed a clear offset from conservative mixing implying production of these dissolved materials inside the bay. During the rainy season, DIP and DOC increased to the head, whereas salinity decreased toward the mouth due to land runoff and river discharges. The distributions of DIP and DOC also showed a deviation from conservative mixing in this season, implying a net addition of these dissolved materials during estuarine mixing within the bay. Mass balance calculations showed that SDB consistently exported DIP (2.8-9.8 x 10(3) mol P d(-1)), DIC (263-352 x 10(3) mol C d(-1)) and DOC (198-1233 x 10(3) mol C d(-1)), whereas DIN (5.5-18.2 x 10(3) mol N d(-1)) was exported in all samplings except in May 2001 when it was imported (8.6 x 10(3) mol N d(-1)). The DIP, DIC and DOC export rates along with the strong relationship between DIP, DIC or DOC and salinity suggest that intense tidal mixing plays an important role in controlling their distributions and that SDB is a source of nutrients and DOC to the Southern California Bight. Furthermore, NEM ranged from -8.1 +/- 1.8 mmol C m(-2) d(-1) in September to -13.5 +/- 5.8 trunol C m(-2) d(-1) in January, highlighting the heterotrophic character of SDB. In order to explain the net heterotrophy of this system, we postulate that phytoplankton-derived particulate organic matter, stimulated by upwelling processes in the adjacent coastal waters, is transported into the bay, retained and then remineralized within the system. Our results were compared with those reported for the heterotrophic hypersaline coastal lagoons located in the semi-arid coast of Califomia-Baja California, and with those autotrophic hypersaline systems found in the semi-arid areas of Australia. We point out that the balance between autotrophy and heterotrophy in inverse estuaries is dependent on net external inputs of either inorganic nutrients or organic matter as it has been indicated for positive estuaries. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Delgadillo-Hinojosa, F.; Hernandez-Ayon, J. M.] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Delgadillo-Hinojosa, F.; Zirino, A.; Holm-Hansen, O.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Boyd, T. J.] USN, Res Lab, MBG, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chadwick, B.; Rivera-Duarte, I.] SPAWAR Syst Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Zirino, A.] Univ San Diego, Dept Marine & Environm Studies, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. RP Delgadillo-Hinojosa, F (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, Km 103 Carretera Tijuana Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. EM pili@uabc.mx OI Hernandez-Ayon, Jose Martin/0000-0001-6869-6225 NR 58 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD FEB 10 PY 2008 VL 76 IS 3 BP 594 EP 607 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2007.07.032 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 261NC UT WOS:000253085200014 ER PT J AU Coslovich, D Roland, CM AF Coslovich, D. Roland, C. M. TI Thermodynamic scaling of diffusion in supercooled Lennard-Jones liquids SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SIMPLE FLUIDS; RELAXATION; TRANSPORT; POLYMERS; BEHAVIOR; DENSITY; MODEL; LAW AB The manner in which the intermolecular potential u(r) governs structural relaxation in liquids is a long standing problem in condensed matter physics. Herein, we show, in agreement with recent experimental results, that diffusion coefficients for simulated Lennard-Jones m-6 liquids (8 <= m <= 36) in normal and moderately supercooled states are a unique function of the variable p(gamma)/T, where p is density and T is temperature. The scaling exponent gamma is a material specific constant whose magnitude is related to the steepness of the repulsive part of u(r), evaluated around the distance of closest approach between particles probed in the supercooled regime. Approximations of u(r) in terms of inverse power laws are also discussed. C1 [Coslovich, D.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis Teor, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. [Roland, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coslovich, D (reprint author), Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis Teor, Strada Costiera 11, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. EM coslo@ts.infn.it NR 37 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD FEB 7 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 5 BP 1329 EP 1332 DI 10.1021/jp710457e PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 257QX UT WOS:000252814700001 PM 18186624 ER PT J AU Pillay, D Johannes, MD AF Pillay, D. Johannes, M. D. TI Effect of S on Pt(111) and Pt3Ni(111) surfaces: A first principles study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; OXYGEN REDUCTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; TRANSITION-METAL; WATER FORMATION; SULFUR; ADSORPTION; CO; COADSORPTION; HYDROGEN AB Density functional theory calculations were performed to investigate the poisoning effect of S on the electronic and chemical properties of Pt(111) and Pt3Ni(111) surfaces. We analyze the bonding mechanisms and energetics of S, OH, and H species separately and together to determine the effects of coadsorption and elucidate the long range and short-range sulfur poisoning effects. Although both catalysts consist entirely of Pt atoms on the surface layer, they have different potential energy surfaces due to the inhomogeneity of sublayer atoms in the alloy system. On the Pt3Ni(111) surface, the adsorption sites that allow interaction with mainly Pt sublayer atoms are more energetically favorable than those adsorption sites which are closer to Ni sublayer atoms. We find that OH bonding to the metal surfaces is electrostatic and ionic in nature, hydrogen bonding is predominantly ionic, and S bonds covalently. For both surfaces, we find that the adsorption energy decreases as follows: S > H > OH with all species bonding more strongly to the Pt(111) surface due to a higher d-band center. The difference in adsorption energy between the two surfaces is by far the strongest for S, suggesting that the alloyed surface may be more poison-resistant than the pure surface. Furthermore, we find that the decrease in adsorption energy for H and OH as a result of a nearby poison is less on the Pt3Ni(111) surface than for similar sites on the Pt(111) surface, again pointing to better poison tolerance. We show that a local d-band model cannot be used to predict ORR activity on poisoned sites, because it neglects the effects of electrostatic interaction between adsorbates and does not account for the decrease in available s and p states on shared Pt atoms, thereby strongly underestimating the range and strength of poisoning on the surface. An explicit calculation of the bonding strengths of coadsorbates shows that a single S adatom poisons both neighboring and next nearest neighboring OH and H adsorption sites, with diminishing but finite effects even farther away. Both the adsorption of sulfur and the poisoning effect of its presence are stronger on the Pt(111) surface, indicating that Pt3Ni(111) will have a higher rate of ORR in the presence of S impurities. C1 [Pillay, D.; Johannes, M. D.] USN, Res Lab, Comp Mat Sci Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pillay, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Comp Mat Sci Code 6390, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD FEB 7 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 5 BP 1544 EP 1551 DI 10.1021/jp077104h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 257QY UT WOS:000252814800037 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, PA Siefring, CL Thomason, JF Rodriquez, SP Nicholas, AC Koss, SM Nurnberger, M Hoberman, C Davis, M Hysell, DL Kelley, MC AF Bernhardt, Paul A. Siefring, Carl L. Thomason, Joe F. Rodriquez, Serafin P. Nicholas, Andrew C. Koss, Steven M. Nurnberger, Mike Hoberman, Chuck Davis, Matthew Hysell, David L. Kelley, Michael C. TI Design and applications of a versatile HF radar calibration target in low Earth orbit SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB High frequency (HF) radars are used to detect ionospheric irregularities, meteor trails, and moving targets. The Precision Expandable Radar Calibration Sphere (PERCS) is a simple radar target in space to help determine the operational parameters of ground HF radars. PERCS will have a known radar cross section that is independent of observation direction within 0.5 dB. The PERCS satellite can be launched in a stowed configuration that has about 1 m in diameter. After launch, the PERCS will expand to a diameter of almost 10 m. Upon expansion, a stable wire frame is formed to act as a radar scatter target in the form of a polyhedral sphere. The simplest version of the sphere has 60 vertices (V60) that are joined to 90 rigid segments. Each segment is hinged so that the PERCS can be folded into a compact package for launch. Analysis of the V60 wire frame with a 10 m diameter shows that the radar cross section (RCS) is nearly independent of viewing angle up to 30 MHz. Another design with 240 vertices produces even better performance. Radar systems will be calibrated using the radar echo data and the precise knowledge of the target RCS, position, and velocity. The PERCS can reflect radar signals from natural targets such as field aligned and current driven irregularities not presently accessible from ground-based radars. The wire frame structure has several advantages over a metalized spheroid "balloon" with (1) much less drag, (2) larger radar cross section, and (3) lower fabrication cost. C1 [Bernhardt, Paul A.; Siefring, Carl L.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC USA. [Thomason, Joe F.; Rodriquez, Serafin P.] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC USA. [Nicholas, Andrew C.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Koss, Steven M.; Nurnberger, Mike] Naval Res Lab, Space Engn Dept, Washington, DC USA. [Hoberman, Chuck; Davis, Matthew] Hoberman Associates Inc, New York, NY USA. [Hysell, David L.; Kelley, Michael C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY USA. [Hysell, David L.; Kelley, Michael C.] Cornell Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Bernhardt, PA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD FEB 7 PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 AR RS1010 DI 10.1029/2007RS003692 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 261HL UT WOS:000253069600001 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA Sletten, MA Toporkov, JV AF Hwang, Paul A. Sletten, Mark A. Toporkov, Jakov V. TI Analysis of radar sea return for breaking wave investigation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-INCIDENCE ANGLES; WHITECAP COVERAGE; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; OCEANIC WHITECAPS; BRAGG SCATTERING; FIELD CONDITIONS; SURFACE-WAVES; GAS TRANSFER; WIND-SPEED; SPIKES AB Low-grazing angle backscattering data collected by a coherent dual-polarized radar installed on a fixed tower in the ocean are analyzed to investigate the properties of sea spikes attributable to wave breaking. The distribution of breaking wave speed is narrow-banded with an average speed between 2.0 and 2.6 m/s in mixed seas with wind speeds between 7 and 14.5 m/s. The corresponding breaking wavelength is between 2.5 and 4.3 m. The length or velocity scale of wave breaking is not proportional to the length or velocity scale of the dominant wave. This observation reflects the localized nature of the breaking process and may have significant implications on quantifying various breaking properties such as the energy dissipation or area of turnover by breaking waves. The fraction of sea spike coverage generally increases with wind speed but the trend of increase is modified by the intensity and relative direction of background swell. Parameterizations of sea spike coverage needs to take into consideration both wind and wave factors. Similarities and differences between sea spikes and whitecaps are discussed. In particular, while both quantities show a similar power law dependence on wind speed, the fraction of sea spike coverage is considerably higher than that of whitecap coverage. This result reflects the prevalence of steep features that produce quasi-specular facets and short-scale waves bounded to intermediate waves during breaking. These quasi-specular facets and bound waves contribute significantly to enhancing the radar sea return but may not entrain air to produce whitecap signature. C1 [Hwang, Paul A.; Sletten, Mark A.; Toporkov, Jakov V.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 44 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 6 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C2 AR C02003 DI 10.1029/2007JC004319 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 261GK UT WOS:000253066900001 ER PT J AU Heffner, DM Subrahmanyam, B Shriver, JF AF Heffner, David M. Subrahmanyam, Bulusu Shriver, Jay F. TI Indian Ocean Rossby waves detected in HYCOM sea surface salinity SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXTRATROPICAL PLANETARY-WAVES; VARYING MEAN FLOW; BOTTOM TOPOGRAPHY; PROPAGATION; VARIABILITY; SIMULATIONS; MECHANISMS; ALTIMETER; WATER AB Rossby waves have been well identified in satellite derived sea surface height (SSH), sea surface temperature (SST) and ocean color observations. Studies of Rossby waves have yet to include sea surface salinity (SSS) as a parameter, largely because presently available in situ measurements of salinity lack sufficient spatial and temporal coverage, and as of now no methods are available for measuring salinity from a satellite. In this paper, we demonstrate that Rossby waves can be observed in SSS in the Indian Ocean by using simulations of the 1/12 degrees global Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). HYCOM results compared favorably to SSS data provided by Argo floats and the World Ocean Atlas 2005 (WOA05) in selected grid boxes in the Indian Ocean. Hovmoller diagrams of HYCOM SSS anomalies and gradient show the distinct westward propagating signature of Rossby waves, with a steeper slope in longitude/time plots further from the equator. The propagation speeds, calculated from a 2D Radon Transform are comparable with new theoretical speeds for Rossby waves. Annual westward propagating signals in the SSS simulations at most of the latitudes in the Indian Ocean coincide with previous studies. We hope that future studies of Rossby waves in SSS using model results and eventually satellite measurements of salinity data will allow a better understanding of Rossby wave dynamics. C1 [Heffner, David M.; Subrahmanyam, Bulusu] Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Subrahmanyam, Bulusu] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Shriver, Jay F.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Heffner, DM (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, 701 Sumter St,EWS 617, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM sbulusu@geol.sc.edu NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 5 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 3 AR L03605 DI 10.1029/2007GL032760 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 261FB UT WOS:000253063400008 ER PT J AU Hull, AJ AF Hull, Andrew J. TI Dynamic response of an elastic plate containing periodic masses SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID FREE-WAVE-PROPAGATION; FLUID-LOADED PLATES; POISSON RATIO; LAMB MODES; STIFFENERS; RADIATION; VIBRATION; SPECTRA AB This paper develops an analytical model that incorporates an infinite number of periodically spaced discrete masses into the equations of elasticity of a two-dimensional solid that is excited by a harmonic force in both time and space. Two specific problems are addressed. The first is that of a plate with the masses on the bottom edge, and the second is that of a plate with the masses embedded in the medium. The equations of elasticity are written as stress field expressions with the appropriate boundary conditions in the spatial-frequency domain. An infinite number of indexed equations are generated using an orthogonalization procedure. Once this is accomplished, all the indexed equations of the system are written together in a single matrix equation. The problem is then solved using a truncated set of terms and the displacement fields are transferred into the wavenumber-frequency domain for analysis. These results are compared to previously available low frequency model results for solutions involving the flexural wave in the plate. A numerical example is then solved at high frequency that includes higher-order wave motion, and this example is discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Auton Syst & Technol Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Hull, AJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Auton Syst & Technol Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM HuIIAJ@Npt.NUWC.Navy.Mil NR 21 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD FEB 5 PY 2008 VL 310 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2007.03.085 PG 20 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 261DP UT WOS:000253059600001 ER PT J AU Megner, L Siskind, DE Rapp, M Gumbel, J AF Megner, L. Siskind, D. E. Rapp, M. Gumbel, J. TI Global and temporal distribution of meteoric smoke: A two-dimensional simulation study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DESCRIBING AEROSOL FORMATION; POLAR MESOSPHERIC CLOUDS; CONDENSATION NUCLEI; NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL; PHYSICAL PROCESSES; ICE PARTICLES; CHARGED DUST; WATER-VAPOR AB Meteoric material entering Earth's atmosphere ablates in the mesosphere and is then expected to recondense into tiny so-called "smoke particles.'' These particles are thought to be of great importance for middle atmosphere phenomena like noctilucent clouds, polar mesospheric summer echoes, metal layers, and heterogeneous chemistry. Commonly used one- dimensional (1-D) meteoric smoke profiles refer to average global conditions and yield of the order of a thousand nanometer sized particles per cubic centimeter at the mesopause, independent of latitude and time of year. Using the first two- dimensional model of both coagulation and transport of meteoric material we here show that such profiles are too simplistic, and that the distribution of smoke particles indeed is dependent on both latitude and season. The reason is that the atmospheric circulation, which cannot be properly handled by 1-D models, efficiently transports the particles to the winter hemisphere and down into the polar vortex. Using the assumptions commonly used in 1-D studies results in number densities of nanometer sized particles of around 4000 cm(-3) at the winter pole, while very few particles remain at the Arctic summer mesopause. If smoke particles are the only nucleation kernel for ice in the mesosphere this would imply that there could only be of the order of 100 or less ice particles cm(-3) at the Arctic summer mesopause. This is much less than the ice number densities expected for the formation of ice phenomena (noctilucent clouds and polar mesospheric summer echoes) that commonly occur in this region. However, we find that especially the uncertainty of the amount of material that is deposited in Earth's atmosphere imposes a large error bar on this number, which may allow for number densities up to 1000 cm(-3) near the polar summer mesopause. This efficient transport of meteoric material to the winter hemisphere and down into the polar vortex results in higher concentrations of meteoric material in the Arctic winter stratosphere than previously thought. This is of potential importance for the formation of the so-called stratospheric condensation nuclei layer and for stratospheric nucleation processes. C1 [Megner, L.; Gumbel, J.] Univ Stockholm, Dept Meteorol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Rapp, M.] Univ Rostock, Leibniz Inst Atmospher Phys, D-18225 Khlungsborn, Germany. [Siskind, D. E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Megner, L (reprint author), Univ Stockholm, Dept Meteorol, Svante Arrhenius Vag 12, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM linda@misu.su.se RI Rapp, Markus/K-6081-2015 NR 65 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 2 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D3 AR D03202 DI 10.1029/2007JD009054 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 257UZ UT WOS:000252825500004 ER PT J AU Marder, J Rath, B Obenschain, S AF Marder, James Rath, Bhakta Obenschain, Stephen TI International thermonuclear experimental reactor SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article C1 [Marder, James] ASM Int, Materials Pk, OH 44073 USA. [Rath, Bhakta; Obenschain, Stephen] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marder, J (reprint author), ASM Int, Materials Pk, OH 44073 USA. EM jimmarder@asminternational.org NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INT PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 166 IS 2 BP 39 EP 41 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 262XH UT WOS:000253181100006 ER PT J AU Gentry, SE Segev, DL Montgomery, RA AF Gentry, S. E. Segev, D. L. Montgomery, R. A. TI Working together toward a national kidney paired donation program SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Letter ID EXCHANGES C1 [Gentry, S. E.; Segev, D. L.; Montgomery, R. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Gentry, S. E.] USN, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Gentry, SE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 8 IS 2 BP 464 EP 464 DI 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.02070.x PG 1 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 252DD UT WOS:000252424300028 PM 18162088 ER PT J AU Gomez, D Gonzalez-Aranguena, E Manuel, C Owen, G del Pozo, M Saboya, M AF Gomez, Daniel Gonzalez-Aranguena, Enrique Manuel, Conrado Owen, Guillermo del Pozo, Monica Saboya, Martha TI The cohesiveness of subgroups in social networks: A view from game theory SO ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Spanish Meeting on Game Theory and Practice CY JUL, 2004 CL Elche, SPAIN SP Univ Miguel Hernandez, Ctr Investigac Operat, Dept Estadist Matemat Informat DE social networks; cohesiveness measures; Myerson game AB A family of cohesiveness measures, based on game theoretical concepts, is proposed for subgroups in social networks. Given a communication situation, consisting of a coalitional game and a graph, both defined on the same set of players-nodes, cohesiveness of a subset is defined as the proportion of their worth that the players in subset retain, when the originally deterministic (restricted) graph becomes a probabilistic one (in a specific manner). Conditions on the game are given to reach some desirable properties. C1 [Gomez, Daniel; Gonzalez-Aranguena, Enrique; Manuel, Conrado; del Pozo, Monica] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Estadist & IO 3, Escuela Univ Estadist, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Owen, Guillermo] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Saboya, Martha] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias Econ & Empresariales, Dept Econ Cuantitativa, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RP Gomez, D (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Estadist & IO 3, Escuela Univ Estadist, Av Puerta Hierro S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM dagomez@estad.ucm.es; egaran@estad.ucm.es; conrado@estad.ucm.es; gowen@nps.edu; mpozo@estad.ucm.es; martha.saboya@uam.es RI Gomez, Daniel/G-1586-2010; Manuel, Conrado/I-1958-2015; del Pozo, Monica/I-2183-2015; Gonzalez-Aranguena, Enrique/L-8359-2014 OI Gomez, Daniel/0000-0001-9548-5781; NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-5330 J9 ANN OPER RES JI Ann. Oper. Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 158 IS 1 BP 33 EP 46 DI 10.1007/s10479-007-0247-4 PG 14 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 242MM UT WOS:000251729300004 ER PT J AU Lindsay, F Bloom, D Pransky, S Stabley, R Shick, P AF Lindsay, Fred Bloom, David Pransky, Seth Stabley, Robert Shick, Paul TI Histologic review of cidofovir-treated recurrent respiratory papillomatosis SO ANNALS OF OTOLOGY RHINOLOGY AND LARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cidofovir; histology; pediatrics; respiratory papilloma ID INTRALESIONAL CIDOFOVIR; LARYNGEAL PAPILLOMATOSIS; JUVENILE-ONSET; CHILDREN; INJECTIONS; TRACT AB Objectives: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is currently the most common lesion of the larynx in children. The course of the disease is variable and often requires repetitive surgical interventions to maintain the airway. The predominant concern for disease progression is the possibility of spread to the tracheobronchial tree, as this increases the rates of morbidity and mortality. Cidofovir is an antiviral drug with activity against members of the DNA virus family. Development of local malignant change secondary to use of cidofovir has been a concern. The histopathologic findings from biopsy specimens from children treated with cidofovir have not been previously reported. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of pediatric operative histologic biopsies and charts of patients treated with intralesional cidofovir and untreated study controls from January 1, 1995, through November 1, 2001. Results: Ninety-six specimens were evaluated by 2 blinded pathologists. No cases of dysplasia were identified. The most commonly identified finding was an increased nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio in 8 of 95 cases (8.4%). No cases of abnormal mitoses, prominent nucleoli, or cellular or nuclear enlargement were found. Conclusions: This is the first report of pathologically evaluated recurrent respiratory papillomatosis specimens taken before and after treatment with intralesional cidofovir. No dysplasia was identified, and there were no significant dysplastic changes in the specimens analyzed. C1 [Lindsay, Fred; Bloom, David] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA USA. [Stabley, Robert; Shick, Paul] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA USA. [Pransky, Seth] Childrens Hosp San Diego, Dept Pediat Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Lindsay, F (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNALS PUBL CO PI ST LOUIS PA 4507 LACLEDE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63108 USA SN 0003-4894 J9 ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN JI Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 117 IS 2 BP 113 EP 117 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 264XQ UT WOS:000253324100008 PM 18357834 ER PT J AU Hilyard, EJ Jones-Meehan, JM Spargo, BJ Hill, RT AF Hilyard, Edward J. Jones-Meehan, Joanne M. Spargo, Barry J. Hill, Russell T. TI Enrichment, isolation, and phylogenetic identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from Elizabeth River sediments SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; CONTAMINATED SOIL; PAH DEGRADATION; GEN. NOV.; BIODEGRADATION; STRAINS; ENUMERATION; BIOREMEDIATION; DIVERSITY; PYRENE AB The diversity of indigenous bacteria in sediments from several sites in the Elizabeth River (Virginia) able to degrade multiple polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated by the use of classical selective enrichment and molecular analyses. Enrichment cultures containing naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, or pyrene as a sole carbon and energy source were monitored by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to detect changes in the bacterial-community profile during enrichment and to determine whether the representative strains present were successfully cultured. The DGGE profiles of the final enrichments grown solely on naphthalene and pyrene showed no clear relationship with the site from which the inoculum was obtained. The enrichments grown solely on pyrene for two sample sites had >80% similarity, which suggests that common pyrene-degrading strains may be present in these sediments. The final enrichments grown on fluoranthene and phenanthrene remained diverse by site, suggesting that these strains may be influenced by environmental conditions. One hundred and one isolates were obtained, comprising representatives of the actinomycetes and alpha-, beta-, and gammaproteobacteria, including seven novel isolates with 16S rRNA gene sequences less than 98% similar to known strains. The ability to degrade multiple PAHs was demonstrated by mineralization of C-14-labeled substrate and growth in pure culture. This supports our hypothesis that a high diversity of bacterial strains with the ability to degrade multiple PAHs can be confirmed by the combined use of classical selective enrichment and molecular analyses. This large collection of diverse PAH-degrading strains provides a valuable resource for studies on mechanisms of PAH degradation and bioremediation. C1 [Hilyard, Edward J.; Spargo, Barry J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jones-Meehan, Joanne M.] Dept Homeland Secur, Washington, DC 20528 USA. [Hill, Russell T.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, College Pk, MD 21202 USA. RP Hill, RT (reprint author), Marine Technol Ctr, Columbus Ctr Suite 236,701 E Pratt St, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. EM hillr@umbi.umd.edu NR 36 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 74 IS 4 BP 1176 EP 1182 DI 10.1128/AEM.01518-07 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 263MP UT WOS:000253221500028 PM 18156326 ER PT J AU Provencher, MT Verma, N Obopilwe, E Rincon, LM Tracy, J Romeo, AA Mazzocca, A AF Provencher, Matthew T. Verma, Nikhil Obopilwe, Eliffio Rincon, Lina M. Tracy, Jeremiah Romeo, Anthony A. Mazzocca, Augustus TI A biomechanical analysis of capsular plication versus anchor repair of the shoulder: Can the labrum be used as a suture anchor? SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article DE labrum; plication; shoulder capsule; shoulder instability; suture anchors ID INFERIOR GLENOHUMERAL LIGAMENT; ARTHROSCOPIC BANKART REPAIR; ANTERIOR BAND; GLENOID LABRUM; KNOT SECURITY; STABILIZATION; INSTABILITY; STRENGTH; FAILURE; ANATOMY AB Purpose: To determine the biomechanical strength properties of suture capsulolabral plication to an intact labrum versus glenoid bone anchor fixation. Methods: Fourteen paired fresh frozen shoulders with intact glenoid labrum and mean age of 43.3 +/- 11.1 were randomized to capsular plication in the anteroinferior and posteroinferior quadrants using either two suture-anchor fixation versus suture fixation to an intact labrum. The construct was then preconditioned at 10 N for 10 cycles (1 Hz), and then loaded to failure at 3 mm per minute. Results: There was no statistical difference in ultimate load to failure between the suture anchor (304.3 +/- 92.8 N) and the intact labrunt (285.6 +/- 66.7 N) groups. The suture anchor group demonstrated significantly less mean displacement (2.15 +/- 1.1 mm) than suture plication (3.43 +/- 1.38 mm; P = .007) at failure. There were no statistical differences of labrum strength and stiffness between the anteroinferior and posteroinferior quadrants. Conclusions: An intact labrum provides similar fixation strength to a glenoid anchor; however, the labrum displacement was higher with plication alone. There were no strength differences between the anteroinferior and posteroinferior labrum. However, displacement of up to 1.5 mm may be expected without the use of glenoid anchors. Clinical Relevance: The intact posteroinferior or anteroinferior labrum provides sirttilar fixation strength to a glenoid anchor; however, the labrunt displacement is higher versus plication alone. C1 [Provencher, Matthew T.; Verma, Nikhil; Romeo, Anthony A.] Rush Univ, Div Shoulder & Sports Surg, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Obopilwe, Eliffio; Rincon, Lina M.; Tracy, Jeremiah; Mazzocca, Augustus] Univ Connecticut, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Farmington, CT USA. RP Provencher, MT (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 112, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM mattprovencher@earthlink.net OI Romeo, Anthony/0000-0003-4848-3411 NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD FEB PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 210 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.arthro.2007.08.013 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 260ZT UT WOS:000253049600014 PM 18237706 ER PT J AU Elsberry, RL Stenger, RA AF Elsberry, Russell L. Stenger, Robert A. TI Advances in understanding of tropical cyclone wind structure changes SO ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclone; tropical cyclone wind structure; tropical cyclone wind structure change; Hurricane Research Division H*Wind analyses; Tropical Cyclone Structure (TCS08); secondary eyewall formation ID CLIMATOLOGY; ATLANTIC; VORTEX AB The focus in this paper is on the outer wind structure and structure changes in tropical cyclones, which are important for the location and timing of warnings of the onset of gale-force winds, and affect tropical cyclone motion via the beta-effect propagation effect. Deviations from a simple tangential wind profile with radius will occur when secondary eyewalls form, and a recent high-resolution numerical simulation by Terwey and Montgomery suggests large increases in the radius of 50 kt (R-50) and 34 kt (R-34) winds as a result of a secondary eyewall. Creation of the conditions for an annular hurricane would also imply a large increase in R-50 and R-34. A simple model that an intensifying (weakening) tropical cyclone will be accompanied by an increase (decrease) in outer wind structure is tested with a unique set of H*Wind analyses of the surface wind in the Atlantic during the 2003-2005 season. Whereas a small set of H*Wind analyses during the formation stage has the expected increases in R-34 values, a considerable percentage of R-34 decreases occur during the intensification stages when only increases would be expected. Similarly, a considerable percentage of R-34 increases are observed during the decay phase when decreases would be expected, although a forecaster rule-of-thumb is that the tropical cyclone circulation expands during the decay stage. Wind structure (including intensity) changes will be one of the foci of the Tropical Cyclone Structure (TCS08) field experiment in the western North Pacific during August and September 2008. Both internally-forced and environmentally-forced wind structure change hypotheses will be examined. Some of the special TCS08 observations that will improve our understanding of wind structure changes will be described. C1 [Elsberry, Russell L.; Stenger, Robert A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, GSEAS, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, GSEAS, 589 Dyer Rd,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM Elsberry@nps.edu NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU KOREAN METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 460-18 SHINDAEBANG-DONG, TONGJAK-GU, SEOUL, 156-720, SOUTH KOREA SN 1225-0899 J9 ASIA-PAC J ATMOS SCI JI Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 BP 11 EP 24 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 287UP UT WOS:000254942300002 ER PT J AU Wittkowski, M Boboltz, DA Driebe, T Le Bouquin, JB Millour, F Ohnaka, K Scholz, M AF Wittkowski, M. Boboltz, D. A. Driebe, T. Le Bouquin, J. -B. Millour, F. Ohnaka, K. Scholz, M. TI J, H, K spectro-interferometry of the mira variable S Orionis SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE techniques : interferometric; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : atmospheres; stars : individual : S Ori; stars : mass-loss ID ANGULAR SIZE MEASUREMENTS; MU-M; MOLECULAR LAYER; AGB STARS; M-GIANTS; STELLAR; ATMOSPHERES; INSTRUMENT; VLTI/VINCI; PULSATION AB Aims. We present J, H, K spectrally dispersed interferometry with a spectral resolution of 35 for the Mira variable S Orionis. We aim at measuring the diameter variation as a function of wavelength that is expected due to molecular layers lying above the continuum-forming photosphere. Our final goal is a better understanding of the pulsating atmosphere and its role in the mass-loss process. Methods. Visibility data of S Ori were obtained at phase 0.78 with the VLTI/ AMBER instrument using the fringe tracker FINITO at 29 spectral channels between 1.29 mu m and 2.32 mu m. Apparent uniform disk (UD) diameters were computed for each spectral channel. In addition, the visibility data were directly compared to predictions by recent self-excited dynamic model atmospheres. Results. S Ori shows significant variations in the visibility values as a function of spectral channel that can only be described by a clear variation in the apparent angular size with wavelength. The closure phase values are close to zero at all spectral channels, indicating the absence of asymmetric intensity features. The apparent UD angular diameter is smallest at about 1.3 mu m and 1.7 mu m and increases by a factor of similar to 1.4 around 2.0 mu m. The minimum UD angular diameter at near-continuum wavelengths is Theta(UD) = 8.1 +/- 0.5mas, corresponding to R similar to 420 R-circle dot. The S Ori visibility data and the apparent UD variations can be explained reasonably well by a dynamic atmosphere model that includes molecular layers, particularly water vapor and CO. The best-fitting photospheric angular diameter of the model atmosphere is Theta(Phot) = 8.3 +/- 0.2mas, consistent with the UD diameter measured at near-continuum wavelengths. Conclusions. The measured visibility and UD diameter variations with wavelength resemble and generally confirm the predictions by recent dynamic model atmospheres. These size variations with wavelength can be understood as the effects from water vapor and CO layers lying above the continuum-forming photosphere. The major remaining differences between observations and model prediction are very likely due to an imperfect match of the phase and cycle combination between observation and available models. C1 [Wittkowski, M.] ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Boboltz, D. A.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Driebe, T.; Millour, F.; Ohnaka, K.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Le Bouquin, J. -B.] European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. [Scholz, M.] Univ Heidelberg, Inst Theoret Astrophys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Scholz, M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Inst Astron, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Wittkowski, M (reprint author), ESO, Karl Schwarzchild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM mwittkow@eso.org OI Wittkowski, Markus/0000-0002-7952-9550 NR 25 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 479 IS 1 BP L21 EP L24 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20079237 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 259RZ UT WOS:000252958000006 ER PT J AU Ohnaka, K Boboltz, DA AF Ohnaka, K. Boboltz, D. A. TI Imaging the oxygen-rich disk toward the silicate carbon star EU Andromedae SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radio lines : stars; techniques : interferometric; stars : circumstellar matter; stars : carbon; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : individual : EU And ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH; WATER MASERS; V778 CYGNI; FEATURES; SHELLS; DUST; JET AB Context. Silicate carbon stars are characterized by oxygen-rich circumstellar environments as revealed by prominent silicate emission, despite their carbon-rich photospheres. While the presence of a circumbinary disk or a disk around an unseen, low-luminosity companion has been suggested to explain the peculiar dust chemistry, the origin of silicate carbon stars is still a puzzle to date. Aims. We present multi-epoch, high-angular resolution observations of 22 GHz H2O masers toward the silicate carbon star EU And to probe the spatio-kinematic distribution of oxygen-rich material. Methods. EU And was observed at three epochs (maximum time interval of 14 months) with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). Results. Our VLBA observations of the 22 GHz H2O masers have revealed that the maser spots are distributed along a straight line across similar to 20 mas, with a slight hint of an S-shaped structure. The observed spectra show three prominent velocity components at VLSR= -42, -38, and -34 km s(-1), with the masers in SW redshifted and those in NE blueshifted. The maser spots located in the middle of the overall distribution correspond to the component at V-LSR = -38 km s(-1), which approximately coincides with the systemic velocity. These observations can be interpreted as either an emerging helical jet or a disk viewed almost edge-on (a circumbinary or circum-companion disk). However, the outward motion measured in the VLBA images taken 14 months apart is much smaller than what is expected from the jet scenario. Furthermore, the mid-infrared spectrum obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope indicates that the 10 mu m silicate emission is optically thin and the silicate grains are of sub-micron size. This lends support to the presence of a circum-companion disk, because an optically thin circumbinary disk consisting of such small grains would be blown away by the intense radiation pressure of the primary (carbon-rich) star. If we assume Keplerian rotation for the circum-companion disk, the mass of the companion is estimated to be 0.5-0.8 M-circle dot. We also identify CO2 emission features at 13-16 mu m in the Spitzer spectrum of EU And-the first unambiguous detection of CO2 in silicate carbon stars. C1 [Ohnaka, K.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Boboltz, D. A.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Ohnaka, K (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Auf Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM kohnaka@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; dboboltz@usno.navy.mil NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 478 IS 3 BP 809 EP 814 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20079030 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 256FN UT WOS:000252713200014 ER PT J AU Douglass, EM Blanton, EL Clarke, TE Sarazin, CL Wise, M AF Douglass, E. M. Blanton, Elizabeth L. Clarke, T. E. Sarazin, Craig L. Wise, Michael TI Chandra observation of the cluster environment of a WAT radio source in Abell 1446 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : clusters : individual (A1446); intergalactic medium; radio continuum : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID X-RAY-EMISSION; GALAXY CLUSTERS; XMM-NEWTON; MERGING CLUSTERS; SIMULATIONS; CONSTRAINTS; DYNAMICS; MERGERS; TAILS; WAKES AB Wide-angle tail (WAT) radio sources are often found in the centers of galaxy clusters where intracluster medium (ICM) ram pressure may bend the lobes into their characteristic C-shape. We examine the low-redshift (z = 0.1035) cluster Abell 1446, host to the WAT radio source 1159+583. The cluster exhibits possible evidence for a small-scale cluster-subcluster merger as a cause of the WAT radio source morphology. This evidence includes the presence of temperature and pressure substructure along the line that bisects the WAT, as well as a possible wake of stripped interstellar material or a disrupted cool core to the southeast of the host galaxy. A filament to the north may represent cool, infalling gas that is contributing to the WAT bending, while spectroscopically determined redshifts of member galaxies may indicate some component of a merger occurring along the line of sight. The WAT model of high flow velocity and low lobe density is examined as another scenario for the bending of 1159+583. It has been argued that such a model would allow the ram pressure due to the galaxy's slow motion through the ICM to shape the WAT source. A temperature profile shows that the cluster is isothermal (kT = 4.0 keV) in a series of annuli reaching a radius of similar to 400 kpc. There is no evidence of an ongoing cooling flow. Temperature, abundance, pressure, density, and mass profiles, as well as two-dimensional maps of temperature and pressure, are presented. C1 [Douglass, E. M.; Blanton, Elizabeth L.] Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Clarke, T. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Clarke, T. E.] Interferometr Inc, Herndon, VA USA. [Sarazin, Craig L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Wise, Michael] Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Douglass, EM (reprint author), Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Blanton, Elizabeth/H-4501-2014 NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 673 IS 2 BP 763 EP 777 DI 10.1086/523886 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RI UT WOS:000253454300012 ER PT J AU Yashiro, S Michalek, G Akiyama, S Gopalswamy, N Howard, RA AF Yashiro, S. Michalek, G. Akiyama, S. Gopalswamy, N. Howard, R. A. TI Spatial relationship between solar flares and coronal mass ejections SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : flares ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS; LARGE-ANGLE; SHOCK; PROMINENCE AB We report on the spatial relationship between solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed during 1996-2005 inclusive. We identified 496 flare-CME pairs considering limb flares ( distance from central meridian >= 45 degrees) with soft X-ray flare size >= C3 level. The CMEs were detected by the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). We investigated the flare positions with respect to the CME span for the events with X-class, M-class, and C-class flares separately. It is found that the most frequent flare site is at the center of the CME span for all the three classes, but that frequency is different for the different classes. Many X-class flares often lie at the center of the associated CME, while C-class flares widely spread to the outside of the CME span. The former is different from previous studies, which concluded that no preferred flare site exists. We compared our result with the previous studies and conclude that the long-term LASCO observation enabled us to obtain the detailed spatial relation between flares and CMEs. Our finding calls for a closer flare-CME relationship and supports eruption models typified by the CSHKP magnetic reconnection model. C1 [Yashiro, S.; Michalek, G.; Akiyama, S.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Yashiro, S.; Michalek, G.; Akiyama, S.; Gopalswamy, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Michalek, G.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Howard, R. A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yashiro, S (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012; OI Gopalswamy, Nat/0000-0001-5894-9954 NR 27 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 673 IS 2 BP 1174 EP 1180 DI 10.1086/524927 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RI UT WOS:000253454300047 ER PT J AU Moreno-Insertis, F Galsgaard, K Ugarte-Urra, I AF Moreno-Insertis, F. Galsgaard, K. Ugarte-Urra, I. TI Jets in coronal holes: Hinode observations and three-dimensional computer modeling SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE MHD; sun : corona; sun : flares sun : magnetic fields; sun : X-rays; gamma rays ID X-RAY JETS; H-ALPHA SURGES; MAGNETIC-FLUX; EMERGING FLUX; SOLAR; RECONNECTION; TELESCOPE; MISSION; PLASMAS; FIELD AB Recent observations of coronal hole areas with the XRT and EIS instruments on board the Hinode satellite have shown with unprecedented detail the launching of fast, hot jets away from the solar surface. In some cases these events coincide with episodes of flux emergence from beneath the photosphere. In this Letter we show results of a three-dimensional numerical experiment of flux emergence from the solar interior into a coronal hole and compare them with simultaneous XRT and EIS observations of a jet-launching event that accompanied the appearance of a bipolar region in MDI magnetograms. The magnetic skeleton and topology that result in the experiment bear a strong resemblance to linear force-free extrapolations of the SOHO/MDI magnetograms. A thin current sheet is formed at the boundary of the emerging plasma. A jet is launched upward along the open reconnected field lines with values of temperature, density, and velocity in agreement with the XRT and EIS observations. Below the jet, a split-vault structure results with two chambers: a shrinking one containing the emerged field loops and a growing one with loops produced by the reconnection. The ongoing reconnection leads to a horizontal drift of the vault-and-jet structure. The timescales, velocities, and other plasma properties in the experiment are consistent with recent statistical studies of this type of event made with Hinode data. C1 [Moreno-Insertis, F.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain. [Galsgaard, K.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Ugarte-Urra, I.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moreno-Insertis, F (reprint author), Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain. EM fmi@iac.es; kg@astro.ku.dk; iugarte@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil RI Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio/B-1241-2009; OI Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio/0000-0001-5503-0491 NR 23 TC 117 Z9 119 U1 2 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 673 IS 2 BP L211 EP L214 DI 10.1086/527560 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291YI UT WOS:000255233000026 ER PT J AU Helmboldt, JF Kassim, NE Cohen, AS Lane, WM Lazio, TJ AF Helmboldt, J. F. Kassim, N. E. Cohen, A. S. Lane, W. M. Lazio, T. J. TI Radio frequency spectra of 388 bright 74 MHz sources SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE catalogs; radio continuum : general; surveys ID 5 GHZ SURVEY; NRAO PMN SURVEYS; ALL-SKY SURVEY; MILLIMETER CONTINUUM MEASUREMENTS; PHASE CALIBRATION SOURCES; LOUD ACTIVE GALAXIES; NORTH ECLIPTIC POLE; H-II REGIONS; GALACTIC PLANE; 7C SURVEY AB As a service to the community, we have compiled radio frequency spectra from the literature for all sources within the VLA Low Frequency Sky Survey (VLSS) that are brighter than 15 Jy at 74 MHz. Over 160 references were used to maximize the amount of spectral data used in the compilation of the spectra, while also taking care to determine the corrections needed to put the flux densities from all reference on the same absolute flux density scale. With the new VLSS data, we are able to vastly improve on previous efforts to compile spectra of bright radio sources to frequencies below 100 MHz because (1) the VLSS flux densities are more reliable than those from some previous low-frequency surveys and (2) the VLSS covers a much larger area of the sky (delta > -30) than many other low-frequency surveys (e. g., the 8C survey). In this paper, we discuss how the spectra were constructed and how parameters quantifying the shapes of the spectra were derived. Both the spectra and the shape parameters are made available here to assist in the calibration of observations made with current and future low-frequency radio facilities. C1 [Helmboldt, J. F.; Kassim, N. E.; Cohen, A. S.; Lane, W. M.; Lazio, T. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Helmboldt, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joe.helmboldt@nrl.navy.mil RI Helmboldt, Joseph/C-8105-2012 NR 156 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 174 IS 2 BP 313 EP 336 DI 10.1086/521829 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 279GO UT WOS:000254343600003 ER PT J AU Lazio, TJW Cordes, JM AF Lazio, T. Joseph W. Cordes, James M. TI A VLA survey for compact radio sources in the galactic center SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxy : center; pulsars : general; surveys ID SAGITTARIUS A-ASTERISK; STAR-FORMATION; CENTER REGION; QUINTUPLET CLUSTER; STELLAR WINDS; MASSIVE STARS; NEUTRON-STARS; SCATTERING; CATALOG; PULSARS AB The scattering diameters of Sgr A* and several nearby OH masers (approximate to 100 at 1 GHz) indicate that a region of enhanced scattering is along the line of sight to the Galactic center. This region of enhanced scattering implies that radio pulsars in or beyond the Galactic center will suffer pulse broadening of hundreds of seconds at 1 GHz. We have used the VLA at 1.4 GHz to survey the inner 2 of the Galactic center for radio pulsar candidates. Because of the large pulse broadening suffered by Galactic center radio pulsars, our strategy has been to identify compact radio sources, without regard to whether they are pulsed radio sources. We describe our survey and present the catalog of 170 sources. Comparison with other radio surveys of the area shows that just over half of these sources have not been detected previously; this same comparison reveals 29 sources that are not in higher frequency surveys, suggesting that the sources are either variable or steep spectrum, and a comparable number of sources in other surveys that should have been detected in this survey but were not. Comparison with infrared surveys shows that 59 (35%) sources have infrared counterparts and are likely to be H II regions. On the basis of the number of sources as yet unidentified, we estimate that there could have been no more than roughly 10(4)-10(5) supernovae in the past several million years in the Galactic center. This estimate is consistent with the number required to produce the X-ray-emitting plasma in the Galactic center and is marginally consistent with that required to explain the 1.8 MeVemission from (26)Al. C1 [Lazio, T. Joseph W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cordes, James M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cordes, James M.] Cornell Univ, Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lazio, TJW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lazio@nrl.navy.mil; cordes@astro.cornell.edu NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 174 IS 2 BP 481 EP 498 DI 10.1086/521676 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 279GO UT WOS:000254343600010 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Reis, JP Sausen, KP Padilla, GA Markham, AE Potterat, EG Drummond, SPA AF Taylor, Marcus K. Reis, Jared P. Sausen, Kenneth P. Padilla, Genieleah A. Markham, Amanda E. Potterat, Eric G. Drummond, Sean P. A. TI Trait anxiety and salivary cortisol during free living and military stress SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE stress; hormones; diurnal patterns ID METASTATIC BREAST-CANCER; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; UNCONTROLLABLE STRESS; DIURNAL RHYTHM; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; SURVIVAL; PATTERNS; WOMEN; DISSOCIATION; REPLICATION AB Introduction: Accumulating evidence suggests that negative affect is associated with elevated cortisol. Limited research has investigated this association in young, highly functioning, and stress-resilient populations. Methods: We examined the relation of trait anxiety with total and diurnal salivary cortisol during free-living conditions and during a stressful military exercise in 26 military men ages 19-30 yr (M = 21.6, SD = 2.3). Salivary cortisol was assessed at five time points over 2 consecutive days of free-living measurement, and three time points during a stressful military experience. Trait anxiety was measured with the trait portion of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 1-3 wk prior to the military exercise. Results: Total cortisol concentrations were similar between men reporting high or low anxiety during free-living conditions (8.6 +/- 3.2 vs. 7.4 +/- 2.8 nmol center dot L-1, respectively, P > 0.05), and military stress (21.3 +/- 7.3 vs. 19.0 +/- 7.0 nmol center dot L-1, respectively, P > 0.05). The diurnal cortisol profile differed significantly (P = 0.04) between these men during the free-living condition, but not the stressful military experience (P > 0.05). Specifically, during free living, men with low anxiety exhibited a diurnal cortisol pattern that peaked in the early morning, decreased precipitously during the midmorning, and continued to decrease throughout the day, reaching a nadir in the evening. By contrast, the cortisol pattern of high-anxiety men remained elevated and significantly higher than their low-anxiety counterparts during the midmorning, decreased more slowly throughout the day, and reached its lowest level in the evening. Results were not substantially altered following adjustment for sleep duration or wake time. Conclusion: These findings suggest that trait anxiety influences the diurnal cortisol pattern in young, apparently healthy men during free-living conditions, but does not predict the cortisol response to uncontrollable military stress. C1 [Taylor, Marcus K.; Reis, Jared P.; Sausen, Kenneth P.; Padilla, Genieleah A.; Markham, Amanda E.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Potterat, Eric G.] Naval Special Warfare Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Drummond, Sean P. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Drummond, Sean P. A.] VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, San Diego, CA USA. RP Taylor, MK (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Warfighter Performance 162, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM marc.taylor@med.navy.mil NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 79 IS 2 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2131.2008 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 255AD UT WOS:000252628200009 PM 18309911 ER PT J AU Laman, N Harsha, SS Grischkowsky, D Melingery, JS AF Laman, N. Harsha, S. Sree Grischkowsky, D. Melingery, Joseph S. TI High-resolution waveguide THz spectroscopy of biological molecules SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT RAMAN; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; COLLECTIVE VIBRATIONAL-MODES; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER; INFRARED-SPECTRA; AMINO-ACIDS; L-ALANINE; TERAHERTZ; NUCLEOSIDES AB Low-frequency vibrational modes of biological molecules consist of intramolecular modes, which are dependent on the molecule as a whole, as well as intermolecular modes, which arise from hydrogen-bonding interactions and van der Waals forces. Vibrational modes thus contain important information about conformation dynamics of biological molecules, and can also be used for identification purposes. However, conventional Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz- TDS) often result in broad, overlapping features that are difficult to distinguish. The technique of waveguide THz-TDS has been recently developed, resulting in sharper features. For this technique, an ordered polycrystalline film of the molecule is formed on a metal sample plate. This plate is incorporated into a metal parallel-plate waveguide and probed via waveguide THz-TDS. The planar order of the film reduces the inhomogeneous broadening, and cooling of the samples to 77K reduces the homogenous broadening. This combination results in the line-narrowing of THz vibrational modes, in some cases to an unprecedented degree. Here, this technique has been demonstrated with seven small biological molecules, thymine, deoxycytidine, adenosine, D-glucose, tryptophan, glycine, and L-alanine. The successful demonstration of this technique shows the possibilities and promise for future studies of internal vibrational modes of large biological molecules. C1 [Laman, N.; Harsha, S. Sree; Grischkowsky, D.] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Melingery, Joseph S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP Grischkowsky, D (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM daniel.grischkowsky@okstate.edu RI Srikantaiah, Sree/D-7744-2011 NR 59 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 47 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 94 IS 3 BP 1010 EP 1020 DI 10.1529/biophysj.107.113647 PG 11 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 249QF UT WOS:000252243200027 PM 17933879 ER PT J AU McDivitt, JD Arluk, GM Turton, DB AF McDivitt, Jonathan D. Arluk, Glen M. Turton, David B. TI Incidental detection of Helicobacter pylori gastritis during FDG PET scanning for lymphoma SO CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE gastritis; Helicobacter pylori; F-18FDG PET/CT; Hodgkin lymphoma; gastric uptake ID ONCOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS; F-18-FDG UPTAKE; STOMACH; INFECTION AB A 23-year-old man with history of stage IIa bulky, nodular sclerosis type Hodgkin disease (HD) in remission for the previous 4 years was referred for F-18 FDG PET/CT after presenting with fatigue and weight loss. Imaging revealed a thickened gastric body and fundus with diffusely intense FDG uptake concerning for neoplasia. Upper endoscopy with biopsy revealed chronic gastritis secondary to Helicobacter pylori infection without evidence of cancer. The patient was started on antibiotics and urea breath test proved eradication of the infection. Repeat F-18 FDG PET/CT done after treatment showed resolving inflammation with a significant decrease in metabolic uptake. This is an interesting presentation of H. pylori gastritis showing resolution of inflammation with treatment and illustrates some of the pitfalls in oncologic surveillance when using PET imaging. C1 [Turton, David B.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Nucl Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [McDivitt, Jonathan D.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Internal Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Arluk, Glen M.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Gastroenterol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Turton, DB (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Nucl Med, 620 John Paul Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM David.Turton@med.navy.mil NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-9762 J9 CLIN NUCL MED JI Clin. Nucl. Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 113 EP 114 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 253PW UT WOS:000252531100008 PM 18209532 ER PT J AU Radice, JJ Vinson, JR AF Radice, Joshua J. Vinson, Jack. R. TI On the analysis of adhesively bonded structures: A high order semi-elastic adhesive layer model SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adhesive joints; modeling; strength; stress transfer ID TRANSVERSELY FLEXIBLE CORE; SANDWICH BEAMS; JOINTS; BEHAVIOR; STRESSES; PANELS C1 [Radice, Joshua J.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Vinson, Jack. R.] Univ Delaware, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Radice, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM radice@usna.edu NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 68 IS 2 BP 376 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.06.024 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 255XY UT WOS:000252693000006 ER PT J AU Roberts, HW Toth, JM Berzins, DW Charlton, DG AF Roberts, Howard W. Toth, Jeffrey M. Berzins, David W. Charlton, David G. TI Mineral trioxide aggregate material use in endodontic treatment: A review of the literature SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Review DE hydroxyapatite; Portland cement; biocompatibility; pulp-capping; apexification; root-end filling; pulpotomy; endodontics; GMTA; WMTA; MTA; mineral trioxide aggregate ID END-FILLING MATERIALS; PERIODONTAL-LIGAMENT FIBROBLASTS; PULP-CAPPING AGENTS; PERFORATION REPAIR MATERIALS; LATERAL ROOT PERFORATIONS; DENTIN BRIDGE FORMATION; WHITE PORTLAND CEMENTS; MACROPHAGES IN-VITRO; PUSH-OUT STRENGTH; SEALING ABILITY AB objective. The purpose of this paper was to review the composition, properties, biocompatibility, and the clinical results involving the use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) materials in endodontic treatment. Methods. Electronic search of scientific papers from January 1990 to August 2006 was accomplished using PubMed and Scopus search engines (search terms: MTA, GMTA, WMTA, mineral AND trioxide AND aggregate). Results. Selected exclusion criteria resulted in 156 citations from the scientific, peer-reviewed dental literature. MTA materials are derived from a Portland cement parent compound and have been demonstrated to be biocompatible endodontic repair materials, with its biocompatible nature strongly suggested by its ability to form hydroxyappatite when exposed to physiologic solutions. With some exceptions, MTA materials provide better microleakage protection than traditional endodontic repair materials using dye, fluid filtration, and bacterial penetration leakage models. In both animal and human studies, MTA materials have been shown to have excellent potential as pulp-capping and pulpotomy medicaments but studies with long-term follow-up are limited. Preliminary studies suggested a favorable MTA material use as apical and furcation restorative materials as well as medicaments for apex-ogenesis and apexification treatments; however, long-term clinical studies are needed in these areas. Conclusion. MTA materials have been shown to have a biocompatible nature and have excellent potential in endodontic use. MTA materials are a refined Portland cement material and the substitution of Portland cement for MTA products is presently discouraged. Existing human studies involving MTA materials are very promising, however, insufficient randomized, double-blind clinical studies of sufficient duration exist involving MTA for all of its clinical indications. Further clinical studies are needed in these areas. (c) 2007 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Roberts, Howard W.] USAF, Dent Evalut & Consultat Serv Dent Biomat Evaluat, Great Lakes, IL USA. [Toth, Jeffrey M.; Berzins, David W.] Marquette Univ, Sch Dent Grad Dent Biomat, Dept Orthoped, Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. [Charlton, David G.] USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Roberts, HW (reprint author), 310C B St,Bldg 1H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM Howard.roberts@med.navy.mil NR 156 TC 144 Z9 155 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 149 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2007.04.007 PG 16 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 261IB UT WOS:000253071200001 PM 17586038 ER PT J AU Newman, CID Giordan, BC Copper, CL Collins, GE AF Newman, Carl I. D. Giordan, Braden C. Copper, Christine L. Collins, Greg E. TI Microchip micellar electrokinetic chromatography separation of alkaloids with UV-absorbance spectral detection SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE alkaloids; microchip; micellar electrokinetic chromatography; on-line preconcentration; spectral resolution ID STACKING NEUTRAL ANALYTES; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS MICROCHIP; REVERSE MIGRATING MICELLES; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SAMPLE STACKING; COLCHICUM-AUTUMNALE; STRYCHNINE; INJECTION; EXTRACTION; MEDICINES AB A microchip device is demonstrated for the electrophoretic separation and UV-absorbance spectral detection of four toxic alkaloids: colchicine, aconitine, strychnine, and nicotine. A fused-silica (quartz) microchip containing a simple cross geometry is utilized to perform the separations, and a miniature, fiber-optic CCD spectrometer is coupled to the microchip for detection. Sensitive UV-absorbance detection is achieved via the application of online preconcentration techniques in combination with the quartz microchip substrate which contains an etched bubble-cell for increased pathlength. The miniature CCD spectrometer is configured to detect light between 190 and 645 nm and LabView programming written in-house enables absorbance spectra as well as separations to be monitored from 210 to 400 nm. Consequently, the configuration of this microchip device facilitates qualitative and quantitative separations via simultaneous spatial and spectral resolution of solutes. UV-absorbance limits of quantification for colchicine, 20 mu M (8 mg/L); strychnine, 50 mu M (17 mg/L); aconitine, 50 mu M (32 mg/L); and nicotine, 100 mu M (16 mg/L) are demonstrated on the microchip. With the exception of aconitine, these concentrations are >= 20-times more sensitive than lethal dose monitoring requirements. Finally, this device is demonstrated to successfully detect each toxin in water, skim milk, and apple juice samples spiked at sublethal dose concentrations after a simple, SPE procedure. C1 [Newman, Carl I. D.; Collins, Greg E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Giordan, Braden C.] NovaRes Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. [Copper, Christine L.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW,Code 6112, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM greg.collins@nrl.navy.mil NR 45 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD FEB PY 2008 VL 29 IS 4 SI SI BP 803 EP 810 DI 10.1002/elps.200760591 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 268JD UT WOS:000253575200008 PM 18203247 ER PT J AU Wells, TS Jacobson, IG Smith, TC Spooner, CN Smith, B Reed, RJ Amoroso, PJ Ryan, MAK AF Wells, Timothy S. Jacobson, Isabel G. Smith, Tyler C. Spooner, Christina N. Smith, Besa Reed, Robert J. Amoroso, Paul J. Ryan, Margaret A. K. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Prior health care utilization as a potential determinant of enrollment in a 21-year prospective study, the Millennium Cohort Study SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cohort studies; military medicine; military personnel; response bias; Veterans ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; CHRONIC FATIGUE; ERA VETERANS; US ARMY; NONRESPONSE; POPULATION; SYMPTOMS; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE; ILLNESS AB Results obtained from self-reported health data may be biased if those being surveyed respond differently based on health status. This study was conducted to investigate if health, as measured by health care use preceding invitation, influenced response to invitation to a 21-year prospective study, the Millennium Cohort Study. Inpatient and outpatient diagnoses were identified among more than 68,000 people during a one-year period prior to invitation to enroll. Multivariable logistic regression defined how diagnoses were associated with response. Days spent hospitalized or in outpatient care were also compared between responders and nonresponders. Adjusted odds of response to the questionnaire were similar over a diverse range of inpatient and outpatient diagnostic categories during the year prior to enrollment. The number of days hospitalized or accessing outpatient care was very similar between responders and nonresponders. Study findings demonstrate that, although there are some small differences between responders and nonresponders, prior health care use did not affect response to the Millennium Cohort Study, and it is unlikely that future study findings will be biased by differential response due to health status prior to enrollment invitation. C1 [Wells, Timothy S.] Wright Patterson AFB, Biomech Branch, AF Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Jacobson, Isabel G.; Smith, Tyler C.; Spooner, Christina N.; Smith, Besa; Reed, Robert J.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA USA. [Amoroso, Paul J.] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP Wells, TS (reprint author), Wright Patterson AFB, Biomech Branch, AF Res Lab, 2800 Q St,Bldg 824,Room 206, Dayton, OH USA. EM timothy.wells@wpafb.af.mil NR 30 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0393-2990 J9 EUR J EPIDEMIOL JI Eur. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1007/s10654-007-9216-0 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 254YV UT WOS:000252624800001 PM 18193482 ER PT J AU Lobjois, R Benguigui, N Bertsch, J Broderick, MP AF Lobjois, Regis Benguigui, Nicolas Bertsch, Jean Broderick, Michael P. TI Collision avoidance behavior as a function of aging and tennis playing SO EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE older adults; physical activity; collision avoidance; time to collision; visuomotor calibration ID TIME-TO-CONTACT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; AEROBIC FITNESS; OLDER-ADULTS; VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; MOVEMENT TIME; AGE; EXERCISE; SKILL AB Daily living often requires pedestrians and drivers to adapt their behavior to the displacement of other objects in their environment in order to avoid collision. Yet little research has paid attention to the effect of age on the completion of such a challenging task. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between age and collision avoidance skill and whether a sporting activity affects this. Three age groups (20-30, 60-70, and 70-80 years) of tennis players and non-players launched a projectile toward a target in order to hit it before it was hit by another "object" (a stimulus represented by apparent motion of lights). If the participant judged that time-to-collision (TTC) of the moving stimulus was not long enough for him/her to launch the projectile in time to arrive before the stimulus, the participant had to inhibit the launching. Results showed that for the non-players the number of errors in the 70-80 year-old group was significantly higher than those of the 20-30 and 60-70 year-old groups, which did not differ from each other. However, this increase was not observed in the 70-80 year-old tennis players, demonstrating a beneficial effect of playing tennis on collision avoidance skill. Results also revealed that the older groups of both tennis players and non-players were subject to the typical age-related increase in response time. Additional analyses indicated that the 70-80 year-old non-players did not adjust their actions to these age-related changes in response time. The older tennis-playing participants, however, were more likely to adjust collision avoidance behavior to their diminished response times. C1 [Lobjois, Regis] Inst Natl Rech Transports & Secur, Lab Psychol Conduite, F-94114 Arcueil, France. [Lobjois, Regis] French Natl Inst Transport & Safety Res, Arcueil, France. [Benguigui, Nicolas] Univ Paris 11, Motor Control & Percept Lab, Orsay, France. [Bertsch, Jean] Univ Paris 11, Ctr Res Sport Sci, Orsay, France. [Broderick, Michael P.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Lobjois, R (reprint author), Inst Natl Rech Transports & Secur, Lab Psychol Conduite, 2 Ave Gen Malleret Joinville, F-94114 Arcueil, France. EM lobjois@inrets.fr RI Benguigui, Nicolas/A-5611-2008 NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4819 J9 EXP BRAIN RES JI Exp. Brain Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 184 IS 4 BP 457 EP 468 DI 10.1007/s00221-007-1117-7 PG 12 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 253TL UT WOS:000252540400001 PM 17849107 ER PT J AU Young, PE Oosterveen, S Hanna, N Darwin, PE AF Young, Patrick E. Oosterveen, Scott Hanna, Nader Darwin, Peter E. TI Presacral schwannoma diagnosed by EUS-guided FNA SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Editorial Material ID FINE-NEEDLE-ASPIRATION; SEDATION; RETROPERITONEAL; MEDIASTINUM; COLONOSCOPY; TUMORS C1 [Young, Patrick E.] USN, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Hanna, Nader] Univ Maryland, Div Surg Oncol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Oosterveen, Scott; Darwin, Peter E.] Univ Maryland, Div Gastroenterol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Young, PE (reprint author), USN, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, 8901 Wisconsin Ave,Bldg 9,1st Floor, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 67 IS 2 BP 383 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.gie.2007.06.007 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 265OB UT WOS:000253368100045 PM 17981275 ER PT J AU Masterson, DM AF Masterson, Daniel M. TI Peru 28 of July: Discourse and political action on Independance Day, 1969-1999 SO HAHR-HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Masterson, Daniel M.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Masterson, DM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DUKE UNIV PRESS PI DURHAM PA 905 W MAIN ST, STE 18-B, DURHAM, NC 27701 USA SN 0018-2168 J9 HAHR-HISP AM HIST R JI HAHR-Hisp. Am. Hist. Rev. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 88 IS 1 BP 144 EP 145 DI 10.1215/00182168-2007-102 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 259GE UT WOS:000252927000026 ER PT J AU Sengupta, K Abdel-Hamid, TK van Wassenhove, LN AF Sengupta, Kishore Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K. van Wassenhove, Luk N. TI The experience trap SO HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW LA English DT Article AB When companies put seasoned managers in charge of important projects, they don't expect missed deadlines, budget overruns, and rampant defects. However, that's what researchers found when they tested hundreds of experienced project managers with computer games that simulated software development projects. The study, conducted by two professors from Insead and one from Naval Postgraduate School, strongly suggests that veterans in complex environments suffer a breakdown in the learning process. The research reveals three reasons for the breakdowns: Time lags between causes and effects make it difficult to see how they're connected; fallible estimates color the chain of decisions that determine a project's outcome; and a bias toward the initial goals prevents managers from setting revised, more appropriate, targets when project circumstances change. Sticking to an initial low budget goal after a project grew in scope, for instance, led subjects to ignore quality assurance, which led to soaring defect rates-and costs. Companies can take practical steps to fix the learning cycle. They can provide feedback that shows the relationships between important variables in the environment. Such feedback might reveal, say, the 20-day ramp-up that a new quality assurance team needs before becoming fully effective. Tools that apply formal models to calculate such things as the effect of turnover on team productivity also help. Setting goals for behavior, instead of targets for performance, is critical, as well. Finally, firms can create project "flight simulators" that mimic actual learning environments but don't let complexity overwhelm trainees. Managers can continue learning only if they get decision support tailored to the challenges they face. Firms would do well to focus more on training people higher up in the organization and stop leaving them to fend for themselves. C1 [Sengupta, Kishore; van Wassenhove, Luk N.] INSEAD, F-77305 Fontainebleau, France. [Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Sengupta, K (reprint author), INSEAD, F-77305 Fontainebleau, France. EM kishore.sengupta@insead.edu; tkabdelh@nps.edu; luk.van-wassenhove@insead.edu NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI WATERTOWN PA 300 NORTH BEACON STREET, WATERTOWN, MA 02472 USA SN 0017-8012 J9 HARVARD BUS REV JI Harv. Bus. Rev. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 86 IS 2 BP 94 EP + PG 9 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA 253UX UT WOS:000252544200026 PM 18314637 ER PT J AU Gezer, L Broadston, R Jenn, D Burgstaller, G AF Gezer, Levent Broadston, Robert Jenn, David Burgstaller, Gert TI Digital tracking array using off-the-shelf hardware SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE antenna arrays; tracking; monopulse antenna; array signal processing; demodulation AB The design, development, and testing of a digital tracking array is described. The array operates at 2.4 GHz for tracking video and data from UAVs and other mobile transmitters. A monopulse tracking technique is used to keep the beam scanned to the direction of the incoming signal. The array is built entirely of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components. Calibration, measurement of patterns, and verification of the tracking function are also discussed. C1 [Gezer, Levent; Broadston, Robert; Jenn, David; Burgstaller, Gert] USN, Postgrad Sch, ECE Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Broadston, Robert] USN, Postgrad Sch, Digital Signal Proc Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gezer, L (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, ECE Dept, 833 Dyer Rd,Room 437, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jenn@nps.edu NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 50 IS 1 BP 108 EP 114 DI 10.1109/MAP.2008.4494509 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 293EL UT WOS:000255318000006 ER PT J AU Newman, HS Ebel, JL Judy, D Maciel, J AF Newman, Harvey S. Ebel, John L. Judy, Daniel Maciel, John TI Lifetime measurements on a high-reliability RF-MEMS contact switch SO IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices; reliability testing; switches AB Radio frequency microelectromechanical systems (RF MEMS) cantilever contact switches have been tested for lifetime. The mean cycles-to-failure measured on an ensemble of switches was 430 billion switch cycles. The longest lifetime exhibited without degradation of the switch was 914 billion switch cycles. The devices were switched at 20 kHz with an incident RF frequency of 10 GHz and an incident RF power of 20 dBm. Testing was performed continuously over a period of approximately 18 months. The switches were operated in a cold-switched mode. C1 [Newman, Harvey S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ebel, John L.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Judy, Daniel] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. [Maciel, John] MEMS Inc, Stow, MA 01175 USA. RP Newman, HS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM harvey.newman@nrl.navy.mil; john.ebel@wpafb.af.mil; djudy@arl.army.mil; jma-ciel@radantmems.com NR 5 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1531-1309 J9 IEEE MICROW WIREL CO JI IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 18 IS 2 BP 100 EP 102 DI 10.1109/LMWC.2007.915037 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 263OD UT WOS:000253225500010 ER PT J AU Ruston, B Weng, F Yan, B AF Ruston, Benjamain Weng, Fuzhong Yan, Banghua TI Use of a one-dimensional variational retrieval to diagnose estimates of infrared and microwave surface emissivity over land for ATOVS sounding instruments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Surgace Properties CY JUN 20-22, 2006 CL Paris Observ, Paris, FRANCE HO Paris Observ DE Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit module A (AMSU-A); Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit Module B (AMSU-B); High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS)/3; HIRS/4; infrared; microwave; remote sensing; satellite applications; surface emissivity ID TERRESTRIAL MATERIALS; ATMOSPHERIC WINDOW; WATER-CONTENT; AMSU-B; TEMPERATURE; MODEL; ASSIMILATION; CLASSIFICATION; COVER AB A 1-D variational retrieval of surface emissivity is developed and applied for the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit modules A and B, along with the High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder. This algorithm offers simultaneous retrieval of infrared and microwave emissivity and increases the separation of the emissivity and land surface temperature signals. The initial estimate of the emissivity for the surface-sensitive channels is made by a combination of physical and empirical microwave emissivity models and, in the infrared, by indexing laboratory measurements to vegetation databases. It is found that the initial estimates of emissivity for snow-free vegetated land areas are within 1% of the retrieved infrared values and, in the microwave, within 4% for all snow-free points and within 2% for the vast majority. The emissivity for snow-covered and sea-ice areas remains problematic, and further investigation is required. It is also shown that the average zenith angle dependence of the emissivity is less than 0.0024 for infrared wavelengths and less than 0.0055 for microwave frequencies if the viewing zenith angles greater than 40 degrees are neglected. C1 [Ruston, Benjamain] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Satellite Meteorol & Climatol Div, Camp Springs, MD 20764 USA. [Yan, Banghua] QSS Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20764 USA. RP Ruston, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ben.ruston@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 393 EP 402 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.910219 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 254GW UT WOS:000252575400012 ER PT J AU Cameron, CB AF Cameron, Charles B. TI Parallel ray tracing using the message passing interface SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE load balancing; Message Passing Interface (MPI); Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); optical ray tracing; parallel computing; parallel processing; prime numbers; ray tracing; reconfigurable computing; Terra AB Ray-tracing software is available for lens design and for general optical systems modeling. It tends to be designed to run on a single processor and can be very time consuming if the number of rays traced is large. Previously, multiple digital signal processors (DSPs) have been used to perform. such simulations. This approach is attractive because DSPs are inexpensive, and the time saved through parallel processing can be significant. In this paper, we report a nearly linear relationship between the number of processors, n, and the rate of ray tracing with as many as 839 processors operating in parallel on the Naval Research Laboratory's Cray XD-1 computer with the Message Passing Interface (MPI). In going from I to 839 processors, we achieved an efficiency of 97.9% and a normalized ray-tracing rate of 6.95 x 10(6) rays . surfaces/(s - processor) in a system with 22 planar surfaces, two paraboloid reflectors, and one hyperboloid refractor. The need for a load-balancing software was obviated by the use of a prime number of processors. C1 [Cameron, Charles B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Cameron, Charles B.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Cameron, CB (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 57 IS 2 BP 228 EP 234 DI 10.1109/TIM.2007.909957 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 250YT UT WOS:000252338000002 ER PT J AU Liu, J Hou, YT Shi, Y Sherali, HD Kompella, S AF Liu, Jia Hou, Y. Thomas Shi, Yi Sherali, Hanif D. Kompella, Sastry TI On the capacity of multiuser MIMO networks with interference SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 06) CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Commun Soc (ComSoc) DE global optimization; multiple input multiple output; multiuser network; power control ID CHANNELS; PERFORMANCE AB Maximizing the total mutual information of multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with interference is a challenging problem. In this paper, we consider the power control problem of finding the maximum sum of mutual information for a multiuser network with mutually interfered MIMO links. We propose a new and powerful global optimization method using a branch-and-bound (BB) framework, coupled with a novel reformulation-linearization technique (RLT). The proposed BB/RLT guarantees finding a global optimum for multiuser MIMO networks with interference. To reduce the complexity of BB/RLT, we propose a modified BB variable selection strategy to accelerate the convergence process. Numerical examples are also given to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed solution. C1 [Liu, Jia; Hou, Y. Thomas; Shi, Yi] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Sherali, Hanif D.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kompella, Sastry] USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM kevinlau@vt.edu; thou@vt.edu; yshi@vt.edu; hanifs@vt.edu; kompella@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1276 EI 1558-2248 J9 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 7 IS 2 BP 488 EP 494 DI 10.1109/TWC.2008.060732 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 262LL UT WOS:000253149900012 ER PT J AU Maves, RC Hale, BR AF Maves, Ryan C. Hale, Braden R. TI Managing disseminated coccidioidomycosis SO INFECTIONS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE antifungal therapy; coccidioidomycosis; mycoses ID NONMENINGEAL COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS; MENINGITIS; FLUCONAZOLE; VORICONAZOLE; CASPOFUNGIN; ANTAGONISTS; THERAPY; RISK C1 [Hale, Braden R.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCP COMMUNICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 134 W 29TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001-5304 USA SN 0749-6524 J9 INFECT MED JI Infect. Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 25 IS 2 BP 96 EP 100 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 262YK UT WOS:000253184600006 ER PT J AU Tucker, E AF Tucker, Ernest TI Converting Persia: Religion and power in the Safavid Empire SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MIDDLE EAST STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Tucker, Ernest] USN Acad, Dept Hist, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Tucker, E (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Hist, Annapolis, MD USA. EM tucker@usna.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0020-7438 J9 INT J MIDDLE E STUD JI Int. J. Middle East Stud. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 40 IS 1 BP 144 EP 145 DI 10.1017/S0020743807080191 PG 2 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 260UM UT WOS:000253035900020 ER PT J AU Zope, RR Baruah, T Pederson, MR Dunlap, BI AF Zope, Rajendra R. Baruah, Tunna Pederson, Mark R. Dunlap, B. I. TI Comparative study of unscreened and screened molecular static linear polarizability in the Hartree-Fock, hybrid-density functional, and density functional models SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE polarizability; sum over states; finite field ID SHAM ORBITAL ENERGIES; EXCHANGE-CORRELATION POTENTIALS; CONSISTENT PERTURBATION-THEORY; ELECTRON-REMOVAL ENERGIES; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; DERIVATIVE DISCONTINUITIES; ATOMIC POLARIZABILITIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; IONIZATION-ENERGY; BASIS SET AB The sum-over-states (SOS) polarizabilities are calculated within approximate mean-field electron theories such as the Hartree-Fock approximation and density functional models using the eigenvalues and orbitals obtained from the self-consistent solution of the single-particle equations. The SOS polarizabilities are then compared with those calculated using the finite-field (FF) method. Three widely used mean-field models are as follows: (1) the Hartree-Fock (HF) method, (2) the three parameter hybrid generalized gradient approximation (GGA) (B3LYP), and (3) the parameter-free generalized gradient approximation due to Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE). The comparison is carried out for polarizabilities of 142 molecules calculated using the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set at the geometries optimized at the B3LYP/6-311G** level. The results show that the SOS method almost always overestimates the FF polarizabilities in the PBE and B3LYP models. This trend is reversed in the HF method. A few exceptions to these trends are found. The mean absolute errors (MAE) in the screened (FF) and unscreened (SOS) polarizability are 0.78, 1.87, and 3.44 angstrom(3) for the HF, B3LYP, and PBE-GGA methods, respectively. Finally, a simple scheme is devised to obtain FF quality polarizability from the SOS polarizability. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Zope, Rajendra R.; Baruah, Tunna] Univ Texas, Dept Phys, El Paso, TX 79959 USA. [Zope, Rajendra R.] Howard Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Pederson, Mark R.] Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dunlap, B. I.] Naval Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zope, RR (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Phys, El Paso, TX 79959 USA. EM rzope@utep.edu OI Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 NR 71 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-7608 EI 1097-461X J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 108 IS 2 BP 307 EP 317 DI 10.1002/qua.21458 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 242KH UT WOS:000251723500013 ER PT J AU Klein, PB AF Klein, P. B. TI Carrier lifetime measurement in n(-) 4H-SiC epilayers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; SURFACE RECOMBINATION; EXCESS CARRIERS; PHOTOCONDUCTIVE DECAY; EPITAXIAL LAYERS; SEMICONDUCTORS; ABSORPTION; TRANSIENT; 4H; DEPENDENCE AB The effects of measurement technique and measurement conditions (e.g., injection level, temperature) on measured carrier lifetimes in n(-) 4H-SiC epilayers are investigated both experimentally and through detailed carrier dynamics simulations to better understand differences between reported lifetimes. Three common, optically based techniques are compared: time resolved photoluminescence, transient free carrier absorption, and microwave photoconductivity decay. From the details of these measurement techniques it is shown from both theory and experiment that for the limits of high or low injection, these techniques can reflect very different lifetimes. The effect of measurement conditions on the carrier lifetime was approached by simulating the carrier dynamics assuming a dominant Z(1)/Z(2) defect in order to calculate the evolution of the lifetimes and the carrier and defect charge state concentrations for arbitrary injection level or temperature, as a closed-form solution to this problem does not exist. The simulated behavior was found to be in reasonable agreement with experiment and the resulting values for the electron and hole capture cross sections for the 0/+ transition of Z(1)/Z(2) were found to be sigma(n2)approximate to(2-4)x10(-15) cm(2) and sigma(p2)approximate to(1-2)x10(-14) cm(2), respectively. The simulations provide insight into the dominant processes controlling the lifetime and identify four distinct stages of decay. A simple expression for the ratio of high- to low-injection lifetimes is presented which compares well with experiment. The temperature dependence of the lifetime is found to be relatively weak below 500 K and thermally activated immediately above this temperature due to electron emission from the Z(0) state. Electron emission from Z(-) and hole emission become important only at higher temperatures. Simulations with both Z(1)/Z(2) and EH6/EH7 defects suggest the latter does not contribute significantly to the lifetime in as-grown epilayers, due primarily to a small capture cross section for holes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Klein, PB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM klein@bloch.nrl.navy.mil NR 50 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 3 AR 033702 DI 10.1063/1.2837105 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 263SZ UT WOS:000253238100034 ER PT J AU Chu, PC AF Chu, Peter C. TI First passage time analysis on climate indices SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION INDEX; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; AMPLITUDE PERTURBATIONS; MODEL; PREDICTABILITY; PREDICTION; STABILITY; FORECASTS; PATTERNS; EQUATION AB Climate variability is simply represented by teleconnection patterns such as the Arctic Oscillation (AO), Antarctic Oscillation (AAO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Pacific-North American pattern (PNA), and Southern Oscillation (SO) with associated indices. Two approaches can be used to predict the indices: forward and backward methods. The forward method is commonly used to predict the index fluctuation rho at time t with a given temporal increment tau. Using this method, it was found that the index (such as for NAO) has the Brownian fluctuations. On the basis of the first passage time (FPT) concept, the backward method is introduced in this study to predict the typical time span (tau) needed to generate a fluctuation in the index of a given increment rho. After the five monthly indices (AO, AAO, NAO, PNA, and SO) run through the past history, the FPT density functions are obtained. FPT presents a new way to detect the temporal variability of the climate indices. The basic features for the index prediction are also discussed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 25 IS 2 BP 258 EP 270 DI 10.1175/2007JTECHA991.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268MA UT WOS:000253582700008 ER PT J AU Siefert, RL Scudlark, JR AF Siefert, Ronald L. Scudlark, Joseph R. TI Determination of ammonia emission rates from a tunnel ventilated chicken house using passive samplers and a Gaussian dispersion model SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ammonia; atmospheric dispersion; tunnel-ventilated chicken house; emissions; Gaussian plume ID ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT AB Atmospheric deposition can provide a significant fraction of the nitrogen loading to coastal waters. The Delmarva Peninsula, on the eastern shore of the Chesapeake Bay, is a region with intense poultry production that may supply a significant source of atmospheric ammonia (NH(3)). There is a need to quantify ammonia NH(3) from representative growing methods in this region in order to more accurately estimate agricultural NH(3) emissions and to develop best management practices. In this study, NH(3) emissions were determined at an 18,600-bird tunnel-ventilated chicken house using a modified sampling grid (a planar arrangement normal to the length of the house) with Ogawa passive samplers to characterize the emission plume downwind from the house. This improvement in the sampling strategy, compared to a previous study, simplified the inverse Gaussian plume analysis which improved the confidence in the emission factors. In this study, a total of four separate plume characterizations were conducted over the final 3 weeks of the 6-week broiler grow-out cycle. The mean emission factor observed at the tunnel-ventilated house, 0.13 g NH(3)-N/bird-day, was an order of magnitude lower than that previously observed at a nearby side-wall ventilated house. Although not all growing variables were measured, the large difference in emission factors between the two ventilation regimes suggest that modern, tunnel-ventilated houses may result in a significant decrease in NH(3) emissions compared with traditional growing methods. This variability in emission factors underscores the need for characterizing chicken houses under various conditions and determining the factors that control these atmospheric emissions. C1 [Siefert, Ronald L.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Scudlark, Joseph R.] Univ Delaware, Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. RP Siefert, RL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM siefert@usna.edu; scudlark@udel.edu NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 59 IS 2 BP 99 EP 115 DI 10.1007/s10874-007-9082-x PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 325LX UT WOS:000257591500002 ER PT J AU Carney, JR Kuhn, K AF Carney, Joseph R. Kuhn, Ketlin TI Comparison of manual and gravity stress radiographs for the evaluation of supination-external rotation fibular fractures SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Letter C1 [Carney, Joseph R.; Kuhn, Ketlin] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Carney, JR (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson,Suite 112, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM joseph.carney@med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 90A IS 2 BP 443 EP 443 PG 1 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 258XX UT WOS:000252904800032 PM 18245607 ER PT J AU Mastro, MA Holm, RT Eddy, CR Kim, J AF Mastro, Michael A. Holm, R. T. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Kim, Jihyun TI Electromagnetic propagation in nanostructures SO JOURNAL OF CERAMIC PROCESSING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE metallic nanostructure; optoelectronics ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRE LASER; DISTRIBUTED BRAGG REFLECTORS; QUANTUM DOTS; PLASMON; EMISSION; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; ABSORPTION; GROWTH; FILMS AB Future integrated circuit technology will feature a fusion of optical and optoelectronic components with traditional electronic devices. Information can be rapidly transmitted as light in dielectric waveguides, photonic crystal guides and metallic nanoarrays. This paper presents a description of electromagnetic propagation in semiconductor and metallic nanostructures. Diffraction effects will dominate the propagation of light when the dimension of the cavity or device approaches its wavelength. The plasmonic effect circumvents this problem by propagating the tight wave through highly localized conduction electrons in a noble metal [1]. C1 [Kim, Jihyun] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Mastro, Michael A.; Holm, R. T.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Anam Dong 5-1, Seoul 136701, South Korea. EM jhkim@prosys.korea.ac.kr RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU KOREAN ASSOC CRYSTAL GROWTH, INC PI SEOUL PA SUNGDONG POST OFFICE, P O BOX 27, SEOUL 133-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1229-9162 J9 J CERAM PROCESS RES JI J. Ceram. Process. Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 9 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 274KC UT WOS:000253999200001 ER PT J AU Prak, DJL Moran, PJ AF Prak, Dianne J. Luning Moran, Paul J. TI Solubility of 3,4-dinitrotoluene in pure water and seawater SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION AB The solubility of 3,4-dinitrotoluene (3,4-DNT) in natural filtered seawater with ionic strength = (0.1662, 0.3352, 0.5071, and 0.6820) mol.L-1 and pure water was measured at temperatures ranging between (277 and 314) K. The solubility in seawater was lower than that in pure water. The average salting-out coefficient for 3,4-DNT was 0.13 L.mol(-1), which is consistent with measurements for other isomers of dinitrotoluene. The salting-out coefficient did not show any significant variation with temperature over the range examined. C1 [Prak, Dianne J. Luning; Moran, Paul J.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Prak, DJL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM prak@usna.edu RI Luning Prak, Dianne/B-8503-2011 OI Luning Prak, Dianne/0000-0002-5589-7287 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD FEB PY 2008 VL 53 IS 2 BP 586 EP 587 DI 10.1021/je700520k PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 262RQ UT WOS:000253166100049 ER PT J AU Blyn, LB Hall, TA Libby, B Ranken, R Sampath, R Rudnick, K Moradi, E Desai, A Metzgar, D Russell, KL Freed, NE Balansay, M Broderick, MP Osuna, MA Hofstadler, SA Ecker, DJ AF Blyn, Lawrence B. Hall, Thomas A. Libby, Brian Ranken, Raymond Sampath, Rangarajan Rudnick, Karl Moradi, Emily Desai, Anjali Metzgar, David Russell, Kevin L. Freed, Nikki E. Balansay, Melinda Broderick, Michael P. Osuna, Miguel A. Hofstadler, Steven A. Ecker, David J. TI Rapid detection and molecular serotyping of adenovirus by use of PCR followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; ARGENTINEAN CHILDREN; MILITARY RECRUITS; GENOME TYPES; SPECIES-B; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS; SURVEILLANCE; CONTINENTS AB We have developed a PCR/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) assay for the rapid detection, identification, and serotyping of human adenoviruses. The assay employs a high-performance mass spectrometer to "weigh" the amplicons obtained from PCR using primers designed to amplify known human adenoviruses. Masses are converted to base compositions and, by comparison against a database of the genetic sequences, the serotype present in a sample is determined. The performance of the assay was demonstrated with quantified viral standards and environmental and human clinical samples collected from a military training facility. Over 500 samples per day can be analyzed with sensitivities greater than 100 genomes per reaction. This approach can be applied to many other families of infectious agents for rapid and sensitive analysis. C1 [Blyn, Lawrence B.; Hall, Thomas A.; Libby, Brian; Ranken, Raymond; Sampath, Rangarajan; Hofstadler, Steven A.; Ecker, David J.] Ibis Biosci Inc, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. [Metzgar, David; Russell, Kevin L.; Freed, Nikki E.; Balansay, Melinda; Broderick, Michael P.; Osuna, Miguel A.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Resp Dis Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Rudnick, Karl; Moradi, Emily; Desai, Anjali] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Blyn, LB (reprint author), Ibis Biosci Inc, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. EM lblyn@isisph.com RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 35 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 644 EP 651 DI 10.1128/JCM.00801-07 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 261SM UT WOS:000253100300036 PM 18094138 ER PT J AU Long, X Dutta, I Sarihan, V Frear, DR AF Long, Xin Dutta, Indranath Sarihan, Vijay Frear, Darrel R. TI Deformation behavior of Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu solder at intermediate strain rates: Effect of microstructure and test conditions SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE lead-free solder; high strain rate; aging; mechanical properties ID TERNARY 95.5SN-3.9AG-0.6CU SOLDER; LEAD-FREE SOLDERS; SN-AG; TENSILE PROPERTIES; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; SN-3.5AG SOLDER; CREEP; ALLOYS; JOINTS; TEMPERATURE AB When mobile electronic devices drop during service, solder interconnects are loaded under intermediate to high strain rates. Therefore, the strain response of solders at elevated strain rates is critical to reliability prediction. This paper presents the plastic flow behavior of Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu solder under compression over strain rates ranging from 0.1 s(-1)supercript stop to 30 s(-1) at several different temperatures and under various aging conditions. Both yield strength and work hardening rate were observed to increase substantially with increasing strain rate, with the strain rate sensitivity at higher temperatures being greater. Empirical expressions capturing the strain rate and temperature dependence of the yield and work hardening parameters are presented. Microstructural observations revealed greater strain localization following testing at higher strain rates, with the development of distinct flow patterns and localized kinking of dendrites due to twin formation. Low-temperature aging (35 degrees C) appeared to enhance yield strength slightly relative to the as-reflowed condition, but decreased the work hardening rate. With aging at higher temperatures (100 degrees C and 180 degrees C), and commensurate coarsening of the precipitate structure, both yield strength and work hardening rate decreased dramatically. C1 [Long, Xin; Dutta, Indranath] Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Sarihan, Vijay; Frear, Darrel R.] Freescale Semicond Inc, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP Long, X (reprint author), Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM idutta@nps.edu NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 189 EP 200 DI 10.1007/s11664-007-0316-0 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 241GD UT WOS:000251644000011 ER PT J AU Hofmeister, EP Craven, CE AF Hofmeister, Eric P. Craven, Charles E., Jr. TI Zone I rupture of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon caused by blunt trauma: A case report SO JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article DE blunt trauma; flexor tendon rupture; ultrasound; flexor digitorum profundus ID POLLICIS LONGUS; CLOSED RUPTURE; INDEX FINGER; INJURIES; FRACTURE; PLATE; PALM; HAND AB Traumatic ruptures of flexor tendons as a result of blunt trauma without an associated pathologic condition are rare. This is a case of a midsubstance flexor tendon rupture as a result of closed direct trauma. The patient sustained a flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) rupture 1 cm proximal to its insertion on his right ring finger without any accompanying laceration. Additionally, this case highlights the utility of ultrasound in diagnosing ruptured flexor tendon, which has been demonstrated in prior studies. C1 [Hofmeister, Eric P.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Naval Hosp, Dept Orthoped, Okinawa, Japan. RP Hofmeister, EP (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 112, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM eric.hofmeister@med.navy.mil NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0363-5023 J9 J HAND SURG-AM JI J. Hand Surg.-Am. Vol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 33A IS 2 BP 247 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.jhsa.2007.09.018 PG 3 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 269ZL UT WOS:000253689400017 PM 18294548 ER PT J AU Bravo, CJ Horton, T Moran, SL Shin, AY AF Bravo, Cesar J. Horton, Todd Moran, Steven L. Shin, Alexander Y. TI Traumatized index finger pollicization for thumb reconstruction SO JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article DE index finger; on-top plasty; pollicization; thumb reconstruction ID AMPUTATION; HAND AB Purpose When the index finger is injured or severed in conjunction with a traumatic amputation of the thumb, transfer of the injured index finger can restore the important function of the thumb. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of the transfer of an injured index finger for traumatic loss of the thumb. Methods Seven patients treated by pedided transfer of a traumatized index finger after amputation to the ipsilateral thumb were reviewed retrospectively. Postoperative evaluations included thumb range of motion, opposition and pinch function, grasp and pinch strength, sensation, a pick-up test, and a patient-rated appearance of the thumb and hand. Vascular patency of the traumatized index finger and thumb was evaluated in each patient prior to thumb reconstruction. Results After an average of 4 years of follow-up for surviving patients, all had excellent postoperative function and satisfactory results. The period between injury and thumb reconstruction ranged from 5 months to 4 years. All patients were men with a mean age of 43 years. Amputation levels included the metacarpophalangeal joint in 2 patients, the first metacarpal in 2 patients, and the proximal phalanx in 3 patients. All transferred traumatic index fingers survived without complications. Conclusions Transfer of the injured index finger to the amputated thumb serves as an excellent adjunct for treatment of traumatic thumb amputations/crush injuries. Consistent results can be obtained while maintaining opposition and protective sensation after this procedure. However, technical demands are great, and initial injuries to the thumb and index finger ultimately determine the final outcomes. C1 [Shin, Alexander Y.] Mayo Clin, Dept Orthoped Surg, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Caril Orthoped Surg, Roanoke, VA USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Shin, AY (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Orthoped Surg, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM shin.alexander@mayo.edu OI Shin, Alexander/0000-0001-9658-8192 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0363-5023 J9 J HAND SURG-AM JI J. Hand Surg.-Am. Vol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 33A IS 2 BP 257 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.jhsa.2007.11.008 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 269ZL UT WOS:000253689400020 PM 18294551 ER PT J AU Carter, LI Cavendish, JJ AF Carter, Luther I. Cavendish, Jeffrey J. TI Percutaneous closure of a patent foramen ovale via left axillary vein approach with the Amplatzer Cribriform septal occluder SO JOURNAL OF INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VENA-CAVAL FILTERS; TRANSCATHETER CLOSURE; CATHETERIZATION; ENTRAPMENT; DEFECTS; DEVICE; ACCESS; STROKE AB Percutaneous closure of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) was successfully performed via the left axillary vein in a 52-year-old female with a history of left posterior cerebral artery embolic cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and inferior vena cava (IVC) interruption with a Simon Nitinol Filter precluding standard access via the common femoral vein. Utilizing a 6 French Amplatzer 180 degrees patent ductus arteriosus delivery sheath and a 25-mm Amplatzer Cribriform occluder, the PFO was successfully closed utilizing general anesthesia and transesophageal echocardiography guidance. This case demonstrates the advantages of the axillary vein approach over the internal jugular or hepatic vein approach in patients with anatomy precluding standard percutaneous closure. C1 [Carter, Luther I.; Cavendish, Jeffrey J.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Carter, LI (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 303, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM luther.carter@med.navy.mil NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0896-4327 J9 J INTERV CARDIOL JI J. Interv. Cardiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 21 IS 1 BP 28 EP 31 DI 10.1111/j.1540-8183.2007.00313.x PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 357IF UT WOS:000259838800005 PM 18254787 ER PT J AU Jones, HN Lagakos, N Lambrakos, SG Trzaskoma-Paulette, PP AF Jones, H. N. Lagakos, N. Lambrakos, S. G. Trzaskoma-Paulette, P. P. TI Assessment of mechanical strength degradation using an embedded fiber-optic sensor SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE corrosion testing; failure analysis; nondestructive testing; mechanical testing ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; OPTIC SENSORS; CORROSION AB A general method is presented for in situ assessment of mechanical strength degradation of materials or components using an embedded interferometric fiber-optic strain sensor. This method is based on the analysis of acoustic signature responses resulting from mechanical excitation of the subject under investigation. Acoustic signature responses are observed by monitoring light intensity changes resulting from the combination of light signals traveling through the embedded optical fiber (experiencing dimensional changes through vibrational excitation) and an external optical fiber. This paper discusses the fundamental aspects of the methodology and its potential investigational pathways and applications. A case study, addressing unobservable corrosion related degradation of aircraft fuselage lap joints is presented as an example for retrieving information and to demonstrate the correlations between material properties and fiber-optic interferometric measurements. The application of inverse method analysis for the interpretation of response signals is also discussed. C1 [Jones, H. N.; Lambrakos, S. G.; Trzaskoma-Paulette, P. P.] USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lagakos, N.] USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jones, HN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Codes 6350 & 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lambrakos@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 64 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s11665-007-9130-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 254XB UT WOS:000252620200011 ER PT J AU Charca, SM Uwakweh, ONC Shafiq, B Agarwala, VS AF Charca, Samuel M. Uwakweh, Oswald N. C. Shafiq, Basir Agarwala, Vinod S. TI Characterization of hydrogen permeation in Armco-Fe during cathodic polarization in aqueous electrolytic media SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE Armco-Fe; cathodic polarization; hydrogen permeation; hydrogen recombination inhibitor agent (poison) ID STAINLESS-STEEL; IRON; ENTRY; TRANSPORT; EMBRITTLEMENT; DEUTERIUM; METALS AB The study of hydrogen permeation behavior in Armco-Fe showed that 0.1 M H2SO4 was a more effective medium for cathodic polarization compared to 0.1 M NaOH. When both electrolytes were "poisoned" with 1.00 g/L Na2HAsO4 center dot 7H(2)O, as hydrogen recombination inhibitor, the corresponding hydrogen permeation levels were 3.5 x 10(-5) A/cm(2) in 0.1 M H2SO4 while 0.75 x 10(-5) A/Cm-2 in 0.1 M NaOH. The breakthrough times were less than 30 s in 0.1 M H2SO4, while about 100 s in the NaOH. With varying amounts of "poisons", peak permeation of hydrogen (1.75 x 10(-5) A/cm(2)) was achieved with 10 g/L Na2HAsO4 center dot 7H(2)O in 0.1 M H2SO4, while the least permeation resulted with 10 g/L (NH2CSH2) Thiourea addition for same level of 1.00 mA/cm(2) cathodic polarization. C1 [Charca, Samuel M.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Civil Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Uwakweh, Oswald N. C.; Shafiq, Basir] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Engn Sci & Mat, Coll Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Agarwala, Vinod S.] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Charca, SM (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Civil Engn, POB 9044, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM uwakweh@ece.uprm.edu NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1007/s11665-007-9114-3 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 254XB UT WOS:000252620200022 ER PT J AU Generosi, J Margaritondo, G Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Tolk, NH Piston, DW Castellano, AC Cricenti, A AF Generosi, J. Margaritondo, G. Sanghera, J. S. Aggarwal, I. D. Tolk, N. H. Piston, D. W. Castellano, A. Congiu Cricenti, A. TI Infrared scanning near-field optical microscopy investigates order and clusters in model membranes SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Near-Field Optics, Nanophotonics and Related Techniques CY SEP 10-15, 2006 CL Swiss Federal Inst Technol, Lausanne, SWITZERLAND HO Swiss Federal Inst Technol DE lipid bilayers; membranes; scanning near-field optical microscopy ID CATIONIC LIPOSOME COMPLEXES; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; FREE-ELECTRON-LASER; GENE DELIVERY; DNA COMPLEXES; PLASMID DNA; ISOTHERMAL TITRATION; LIPIDS; TRANSFECTION; REFLECTIVITY AB Due to its surface sensitivity and high spatial resolution, scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) has a significant potential to study the lateral organization of membrane domains and clusters. Compared to other techniques, infrared near-field microscopy in the spectroscopic mode has the advantage to be sensitive to specific chemical bonds. In fact, spectroscopic SNOM in the infrared spectral range (IR-SNOM) reveals the chemical content of the sample with a lateral resolution around 100 nm (Cricenti et al., 1998a, 1998b, 2003). Model lipid membranes were studied by IR-SNOM at several wavelengths. Topographical micrographs reveal the presence of islands at the surface and the optical images indicate the formation of locally ordered multiple bilayers - both critically important features for biotechnology and medical applications. C1 [Generosi, J.; Margaritondo, G.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Appl, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Sanghera, J. S.; Aggarwal, I. D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tolk, N. H.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Piston, D. W.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dipartmento Mol Physiol & Biophys, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Castellano, A. Congiu] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Cricenti, A.] CNR, Ist Struttura Mat, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Generosi, J (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Appl, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM johanna.generosi@epfl.ch RI Margaritondo, Giorgio/B-1367-2008; Generosi, Johanna/A-5600-2010 OI Generosi, Johanna/0000-0002-4683-5615 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 229 IS 2 BP 259 EP 263 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2008.01896.x PG 5 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 269DA UT WOS:000253628500014 PM 18304082 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Cheng, KF AF Chu, Peter C. Cheng, Kuo-Feng TI South China Sea wave characteristics during Typhoon Muifa passage in winter 2004 SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE directional wave spectrum; northeast monsoon; QuikSCAT winds; significant wave height; South China Sea; TOPEX/POSEIDON aftimetry; typhoon; Wavewatch-III ID GENERATED WAVES; SPECTRUM; MODELS; OCEAN; PROPAGATION; RADAR; NCEP AB The responses to tropical cyclones of ocean wave characteristics in deep water of the western Atlantic Ocean have been investigated extensively, but not the regional seas in the western Pacific such as the South China Sea (SCS), due to a lack of observational and modeling studies there. Since monsoon winds prevail in the SCS but not in the western Atlantic Ocean, the SCS is unique for investigating wave characteristics during a typhoon's passage in conjunction with steady monsoon wind forcing. To do so, the Wavewatch-III (WW3) is used to study the response of the SCS to Typhoon Muifa (2004), which passed over not only deep water but also the shallow shelf of the SCS. The WW3 model is forced by the NASA QuikSCAT winds and tropical cyclone wind profile model during Typhoon Muifa's passage from 0000UTC 16 on November to 1200UTC on 25 November 2004. The results reveal the unique features of the SCS wave characteristics in response to Muifa, such as non-decaying, monsoon-generated swell throughout the typhoon period and strong topographic effects on the directional wave spectrum. C1 [Chu, Peter C.; Cheng, Kuo-Feng] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu NR 24 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0916-8370 J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 64 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1007/s10872-008-0001-9 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 245NE UT WOS:000251941200001 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW AF Kwon, Y. W. TI Coupling of lattice Boltzmann and finite element methods for fluid-structure interaction application SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 23-27, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID UNDERWATER SHOCK; SIMULATIONS; FORMULATION; MODELS; FLOWS; GAS AB In order to analyze the fluid-structure interaction between a flow and a flexible structure, an algorithm was presented to couple the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and the finite element method (FEM). The LBM was applied to the fluid dynamics while the FEM was applied to the structural dynamics. The two solution techniques were solved in a staggered manner, i.e., one solver after another. Continuity of the velocity and traction was applied at the interface boundaries between the fluid and structural domains. Furthermore, so as to make the fluid-structure interface boundary more flexible in terms of the computational modeling perspective, a technique was also introduced for the LBM so that the interface boundary might not coincide with the fluid lattice mesh. Some example problems were presented to demonstrate the developed techniques, C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2008 VL 130 IS 1 AR 011302 DI 10.1115/1.2826405 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 270TP UT WOS:000253743400014 ER PT J AU Hsieh, WWS AF Hsieh, Wayne Wei-Siang TI From conciliation to conquest: The sack of Athens and the court-martial of Colonel John B. Turchin SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Hsieh, Wayne Wei-Siang] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hsieh, WWS (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 74 IS 1 BP 193 EP 194 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 259JI UT WOS:000252935200047 ER PT J AU Elleman, BA AF Elleman, Bruce A. TI Sea change at Annapolis: The United States Naval Academy, 1949-2000 SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Elleman, Bruce A.] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Elleman, BA (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 EI 2325-6893 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 74 IS 1 BP 233 EP 234 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 259JI UT WOS:000252935200080 ER PT J AU West, KG Lu, JW He, L Kirkwood, D Chen, W Adl, TP Osofsky, MS Qadri, SB Hull, R Wolf, SA AF West, Kevin G. Lu, Jiwei He, Li Kirkwood, David Chen, Wei Adl, T. Paul Osofsky, Michael S. Qadri, Syed B. Hull, Robert Wolf, Stuart A. TI Ferromagnetism in rutile structure Cr doped VO2 thin films prepared by reactive-bias target ion beam deposition SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Article DE spintronics; ferromagnetic oxide; chromium doped vanadium oxide; rutile structure transition metal oxides ID HALF-METALLIC FERROMAGNET AB First generation spintronics has entered the mainstream of information technology through its utilization of the magnetic tunnel junction in applicable devices such as read head sensors for hard disk drives and magnetic random access memory. The future of spintronic devices requires next generation spintronic materials (Wolf et al. in IBM J. Res. Dev. 9:101, [2006]). Here we report on the structural, transport, and magnetic characteristics of V1-xCrxO2 (0.1 <= x <= 0.2) thin films deposited on (001) Al2O3 substrates. We show that the metal-insulator transition of VO2 is suppressed and the rutile structure is stable down to 100 K. The films are remarkably smooth having a root-mean squared surface roughness of 0.3 nm. Films are conductive at room temperature and appear to follow a variable-range-hopping conduction mechanism below that. Ferromagnetism is observed at room temperature and is dependent on Cr concentration. The combination of these characteristics makes V1-xCrxO2 a viable candidate material for next generation spintronic multilayer devices. C1 [West, Kevin G.; Lu, Jiwei; He, Li; Kirkwood, David; Hull, Robert; Wolf, Stuart A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Chen, Wei; Wolf, Stuart A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Adl, T. Paul] Micron Technol, Dept Chem, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Osofsky, Michael S.; Qadri, Syed B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP West, KG (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM kevinwest@virginia.edu RI Wolf, Stuart/A-7513-2009; Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010; chen, wei/K-7121-2012 OI chen, wei/0000-0002-5196-6804 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 8 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD FEB PY 2008 VL 21 IS 2 BP 87 EP 92 DI 10.1007/s10948-007-0303-y PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 258SF UT WOS:000252889100003 ER PT J AU Bucaro, JA Houston, BH Saniga, M Dragonette, LR Yoder, T Dey, S Kraus, L Carin, L AF Bucaro, J. A. Houston, B. H. Saniga, M. Dragonette, L. R. Yoder, T. Dey, S. Kraus, L. Carin, L. TI Broadband acoustic scattering measurements of underwater unexploded ordnance (UXO) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; TARGET IDENTIFICATION; SOUND-SCATTERING; PURSUITS AB In order to evaluate the potential for detection and identification of underwater unexploded ordnance (UXO) by exploiting their structural acoustic response, we carried out broadband monostatic scattering measurements over a full 360 degrees on UXO's (two mortar rounds, an artillery shell, and a rocket warhead) and false targets (a cinder block and a large rock). The measurement band, 1-140.kHz, includes a low frequency structural acoustics region in which the wavelengths are comparable to or larger than the target characteristic dimensions. In general, there are aspects that provide relatively high target strength levels (similar to -10 to - 15 dB), and from our experience the targets should be detectable in this structural acoustics band in most acoustic environments. The rigid body scattering was also calculated for one UXO in order to highlight the measured scattering features involving elastic responses. The broadband scattering data should be able to support feature-based separation of UXO versus false targets and identification of various classes of UXO as well. (c) 2008 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Bucaro, J. A.; Houston, B. H.; Saniga, M.; Dragonette, L. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Yoder, T.; Dey, S.; Kraus, L.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Carin, L.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Bucaro, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bucaro@pa.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 123 IS 2 BP 738 EP 746 DI 10.1121/1.2821794 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 260IU UT WOS:000253004800016 PM 18247878 ER PT J AU Yang, TC Yang, WB AF Yang, T. C. Yang, Wen-Bin TI Performance analysis of direct-sequence spread-spectrum underwater acoustic communications with low signal-to-noise-ratio input signals SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE-PHASE-CONJUGATION; SHALLOW-WATER; RECEIVER AB Direct-sequence spread-spectrum signals collected from the TREX04 experiment are analyzed to determine the bit-error-rate (BER) as a function of the input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for a single receiver. A total of 1160 packets of data are generated by adding ambient noise data collected at sea to the signal data (in postprocessing) to create signals with different input-SNR, some as low as -15 dB. Two methods are analyzed in detail, both using a time-updated channel impulse-response estimate as a (matched) filter to mitigate the multipath-induced interferences. The first method requires an independent estimate of the time-varying channel impulse-response function; the second method uses the channel impulse-response estimated from the previous symbol as the matched filter. The first method yields an average BER < 10(-2) for input-SNR as low as -12 dB and the second method yields a similar performance for input-SNR as low as -8 dB. The measured BERs are modeled using the measured signal amplitude fluctuation statistics and processing gain obtained by de-spreading the received signal with the transmitted code sequence. Performance losses caused by imprecise symbol synchronization at low input-SNR, uncertainty in channel estimation, and signal fading are quantitatively modeled and compared with data. C1 [Yang, T. C.; Yang, Wen-Bin] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yang@wave.nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 13 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 123 IS 2 BP 842 EP 855 DI 10.1121/1.2828053 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 260IU UT WOS:000253004800027 PM 18247889 ER PT J AU Jiang, QF Smith, RB Doyle, JD AF Jiang, Qingfang Smith, Ronald B. Doyle, James D. TI Impact of the atmospheric boundary layer on mountain waves SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; SURFACE FRICTION; TURBULENT-FLOW; ROUGH HILLS; LEE WAVES; DRAG; DYNAMICS; MODELS; TOPOGRAPHY; SEPARATION AB Interaction between mountain waves and the atmospheric boundary layer (BL) has been investigated using a mesoscale model with BL parameterizations and analytical BL models. The impact of the BL diagnosed from the mesoscale model simulations is in qualitative agreement with the analytical BL models. In general, for stratified flow over a mesoscale ridge, the influence of the BL tends to shift wave patterns upstream, decrease the wave drag by up to 60% and the momentum flux above the BL top by up to 80%, and significantly delay the onset of wave breaking. It has been demonstrated that the BL effect is governed by four nondimensional parameters, namely, the nondimensional BL depth, BL shape factor, nonhydrostatic parameter, and frictional adjustment parameter. The BL effect is stronger over a rougher surface, which creates a deeper BL with a smaller shape factor (i.e., slower BL flow). The scale dependence of the BL effect is governed by the nonhydrostatic and frictional adjustment parameters. For narrow terrain, the BL reduces mountain drag through rapid inertial adjustment and behaves like an inviscid shear layer, and the momentum reduction across the BL is negligible. The attenuation of the momentum flux across the BL is more substantial over a wider ridge because of the increasing importance of frictional adjustment. The BL effect decreases with increasing ridge height and for 3D terrain. C1 [Jiang, Qingfang; Doyle, James D.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Smith, Ronald B.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Monterey, CA USA. RP Jiang, QF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM qingfang.jiang@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 65 IS 2 BP 592 EP 608 DI 10.1175/2007JAS2376.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 266BP UT WOS:000253406600017 ER PT J AU Teixeira, J Reynolds, CA Judd, K AF Teixeira, Joao Reynolds, Carolyn A. Judd, Kevin TI Time step sensitivity of nonlinear atmospheric models: Numerical convergence, truncation error growth, and ensemble design - Reply SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Teixeira, Joao; Reynolds, Carolyn A.; Judd, Kevin] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Teixeira, Joao] NATO Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. [Judd, Kevin] Univ Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. RP Teixeira, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 169-237, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM teixeira@jpl.nasa.gov RI Judd, Kevin/E-7690-2010 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 65 IS 2 BP 683 EP 684 DI 10.1175/2007JAS2523.1 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 266BP UT WOS:000253406600025 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, MJ Sturgill, WH Ross, EV Uebelhoer, NS AF Gonzalez, Michele J. Sturgill, William H. Ross, E. Victor Uebelhoer, Nathan S. TI Treatment of acne sears using the plasma skin regeneration (PSR) system SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE plasma skin regeneration; acne scars; non-ablative resurfacing AB Background and Objectives: Acne scarring is a common and difficult to treat condition. The plasma skin regeneration (PSR) system is a novel device that causes delayed ablation of the epidermis and controlled thermal modification to the underlying dermis. PSR has previously been shown to be a safe and effective treatment for facial rhytides and benign skin lesions. In this study, we investigated the safety and efficacy of single-treatment, high-energy, double-pass PSR for the treatment of acne scarring. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Ten patients with acne scarring and Fitzpatrick skin types I-III were included in the study. All patients underwent a single PSR treatment with two high-energy passes (3.5-4.0 J). Treatments were performed in an outpatient clinic setting. Nine patients completed 6 months of follow-up. Improvement was determined by patient questionnaires and physician evaluation of digital photographs taken prior to treatment and at 3 and 6 months post-treatment. Results: On average, patients reported 34% improvement in their acne scarring at 3 months and 33% improvement at 6 months. Blinded physician ratings of patient photos demonstrated 19% improvement at 3 months and 34% at 6 months. Re-epithelialization was complete by 4-6 days after treatment, and no serious adverse events were encountered. Conclusion: PSR appears to provide a safe and effective single treatment, minimal downtime alternative for the treatment of acne scarring. Additional studies are warranted to further demonstrate the safety and efficacy of this device. C1 [Gonzalez, Michele J.; Sturgill, William H.; Uebelhoer, Nathan S.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Ross, E. Victor; Uebelhoer, Nathan S.] Scripps Clin, Div Dermatol, Cosmet Dermatol Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Uebelhoer, NS (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Suite 300,34,520 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 40 IS 2 BP 124 EP 127 DI 10.1002/lsm.20617 PG 4 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 269SQ UT WOS:000253670900009 PM 18306162 ER PT J AU Billings, L Fiorillo, A Schwartz, IB AF Billings, Lora Fiorillo, Amy Schwartz, Ira B. TI Vaccinations in disease models with antibody-dependent enhancement SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE epidemics; antibody-dependent enhancement; vaccine ID TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; DENGUE; VIRUSES AB This paper examines the effects of single-strain vaccine campaigns on the dynamics of an epidemic multistrain model with antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). ADE is a disease spreading process causing individuals with their secondary infection to be more infectious than during their first infection by a different strain. We follow the two-strain ADE model described in Cummings et al. [D.A.T. Cummings, Doctoral Thesis, Johns Hopkins University, 2004] and Schwartz et al. [I.B. Schwartz, L.B. Shaw, D.A.T. Cummings, L. Billings, M. McCrary, D. Burke, Chaotic desynchronization of multi-strain diseases, Phys. Rev. E, 72:art. no. 066201, 2005]. After describing the model and its steady state solutions, we modify it to include vaccine campaigns and explore if there exists vaccination rates that can eradicate one or more strains of a virus with ADE. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Billings, Lora; Fiorillo, Amy] Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. [Schwartz, Ira B.] US Naval Res Lab, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Billings, L (reprint author), Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. EM billingsl@mail.montclair.edu RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0025-5564 J9 MATH BIOSCI JI Math. Biosci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 211 IS 2 BP 265 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.mbs.2007.08.004 PG 17 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 265NB UT WOS:000253365100004 PM 17923138 ER PT J AU Baiter, S Miller, DL Vano, E Lopez, PO Bernardi, G Cotelo, E Faulkner, K Nowotny, R Padovani, R Ramirez, A AF Baiter, S. Miller, D. L. Vano, E. Lopez, P. Ortiz Bernardi, G. Cotelo, E. Faulkner, K. Nowotny, R. Padovani, R. Ramirez, A. TI A pilot study exploring the possibility of establishing guidance levels in x-ray directed interventional procedures SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE fluoroscopy; guidance level; interventional; cardiac; patient dose ID DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVELS; CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY; RADIATION-EXPOSURE; REFERENCE VALUES; BARIUM ENEMA; CARDIOLOGY; COMPLEXITY; RADIOLOGY; MEAL AB This article summarizes the dosimetric results of an International Atomic Energy Agency coordinated research program to investigate the feasibility of adopting guidance levels for invasive coronary artery procedures. The main study collected clinical data from hospitals located in five countries. A total of 2265 coronary angiograms (CA) and 1844 percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) were analyzed. Substudies evaluated the dosimetric performance of 14 fluoroscopes, skin dose maps obtained using film, the quality of CA procedures, and the complexity of PCI procedures. Kerma-area product (P-KA) guidance levels of 50 and 125 Gy cm(2) are suggested for CA and PCI procedures. These levels should be adjusted for the complexity of the procedures performed in a given institution. (C) 2008 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 [Baiter, S.] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Vano, E.] Univ Complutense, San Carlos Univ Hosp, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Vano, E.] Univ Complutense, Dept Radiol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Miller, D. L.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Lopez, P. Ortiz] IAEA, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Bernardi, G.; Padovani, R.] Univ S Maria Misericordia, Azienda Osped, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Cotelo, E.] Dr Manuel Quintela Escuela Univ Tecnol Med, Hosp Clin, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay. [Faulkner, K.] Qual Assurance Reference Ctr Unit, Wallsend NE28 9ND, Tyne & Wear, England. [Nowotny, R.] Med Univ, Vienna Ctr Biomed Eng & Phys AKH 4L, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Ramirez, A.] Univ Chile, Hosp Clin, Ctr Cardiovasc, Santiago, Chile. RP Miller, DL (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, 627 W 165th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM stb2001@nyp.org NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 BP 673 EP 680 DI 10.1118/1.2829868 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 264VL UT WOS:000253318400030 PM 18383689 ER PT J AU Bailey, SP Holt, C Pfluger, MKC La Budde, Z Afergan, D Stripling, R Miller, PC Hall, EE AF Bailey, Stephen P. Holt, Craig Pfluger, Maj Kent C. La Budde, Zina Afergan, Daniel Stripling, Roy Miller, Paul C. Hall, Eric E. TI Impact of prolonged exercise in the heat and carbohydrate supplementation on performance of a virtual environment task SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COGNITIVE FUNCTION; BLOOD-GLUCOSE; FATIGUE; STRESS; DEHYDRATION; MOOD; INGESTION; DURATION; FEEDINGS; COMBAT AB Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether performance of a virtual environment (VE) task is influenced by exercise in the heat and carbohydrate supplementation. Methods: Ten males completed four exercise trials to fatigue. During each trial, subjects cycled at a submaximal workload. Subjects exercised in a normal environment (NORM) and in a hot environment on different occasions. During exercise, subjects drank 10 mL x kg(-1) x hour(-1) of body weight of a 6% carbohydrate beverage (CHO) or a placebo. Subjects completed a VE task before, during exercise, and after fatigue. Results: More failures occurred during placebo than CHO during exercise. The NORM CHO trial had the fewest failures at fatigue. More kills occurred during exercise in the NORM CHO. Conclusions: Performance of a VE task was negatively influenced by prolonged exercise and heat stress. CHO supplementation may have a positive impact on performance of the VE task following prolonged exercise. C1 [Bailey, Stephen P.; Miller, Paul C.; Hall, Eric E.] Elon Univ, Elon, NC 27244 USA. [Holt, Craig] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Pfluger, Maj Kent C.] Trestles Inc, Woodbury, MN 55129 USA. [La Budde, Zina; Stripling, Roy] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Afergan, Daniel] Strateg Anal Inc, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. RP Bailey, SP (reprint author), Elon Univ, Elon, NC 27244 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 173 IS 2 BP 187 EP 192 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 261ZI UT WOS:000253118100013 PM 18333496 ER PT J AU Poss, B Cupp, CL Williams, SJ AF Poss, Brad Cupp, Craig L. Williams, Stephen J. TI Executive management education in health care at a naval medical center: A descriptive report SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LEADERSHIP AB Resource constraints in a time of conflict place particular stress on military medicine, especially in view of demands for medical care due to injuries. Effective management of health care systems and resources is essential. Management education of clinical leaders therefore is an excellent investment of time and effort. This article describes a Master's of Public Health degree program customized to meet the needs of the naval health care system and facilitate active involvement of current employees. C1 [Poss, Brad] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84158 USA. [Cupp, Craig L.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Otolaryngol H&N Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Williams, Stephen J.] San Diego State Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Serv, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Poss, B (reprint author), Univ Utah, POB 581289,295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84158 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 173 IS 2 BP 198 EP 202 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 261ZI UT WOS:000253118100015 PM 18333498 ER PT J AU Feinberg, JH Toner, CB AF Feinberg, Jeff H. Toner, Charles B. TI Successful treatment of disabling cholinergic urticaria SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL URTICARIA; ANAPHYLAXIS; EXERCISE; CETIRIZINE; KETOTIFEN; DANAZOL; BLOCKER; SWEAT AB A 22-year-old African American U.S. sailor presented with an intermittent pruritic eruption precipitated by mild activity for the last 2 years. She developed an extremely pruritic papular rash that would quickly coalesce into larger wheals following any exercise, light activity such as vacuuming, or taking hot showers. This condition had been getting progressively worse, preventing her from successfully completing her physical readiness test and other required physical training for the last 2 years. Previous treatment with antihistamines and steroids had failed to control her symptoms. She was diagnosed with cholinergic urticaria, successfully controlled with a combination of cetirizine, montelukast, and propanolol. She has since been returned to full military duty and is able to exercise regularly. C1 [Feinberg, Jeff H.] Marin Helicopter Squadron 1, Quantico, VA 22134 USA. [Toner, Charles B.] USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Feinberg, JH (reprint author), Marin Helicopter Squadron 1, 2100 Rowell Rd, Quantico, VA 22134 USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 173 IS 2 BP 217 EP 220 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 261ZI UT WOS:000253118100018 PM 18333501 ER PT J AU Teixeira, J Reynolds, CA AF Teixeira, Joao Reynolds, Carolyn A. TI Stochastic nature of physical parameterizations in ensemble prediction: A Stochastic convection approach SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; CLOUD-RESOLVING MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; CLIMATE MODELS; SYSTEM; SCHEME; SIMULATION; ERROR; PARAMETRIZATION AB In this paper it is argued that ensemble prediction systems can be devised in such a way that physical parameterizations of subgrid-scale motions are utilized in a stochastic manner, rather than in a deterministic way as is typically done. This can be achieved within the context of current physical parameterization schemes in weather and climate prediction models. Parameterizations are typically used to predict the evolution of grid-mean quantities because of unresolved subgrid-scale processes. However, parameterizations can also provide estimates of higher moments that could be used to constrain the random determination of the future state of a certain variable. The general equations used to estimate the variance of a generic variable are briefly discussed, and a simplified algorithm for a stochastic moist convection parameterization is proposed as a preliminary attempt. Results from the implementation of this stochastic convection scheme in the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) ensemble are presented. It is shown that this method is able to generate substantial tropical perturbations that grow and "migrate" to the midlatitudes as forecast time progresses while moving from the small scales where the perturbations are forced to the larger synoptic scales. This stochastic convection method is able to produce substantial ensemble spread in the Tropics when compared with results from ensembles created from initial-condition perturbations. Although smaller, there is still a sizeable impact of the stochastic convection method in terms of ensemble spread in the extratropics. Preliminary simulations with initial-condition and stochastic convection perturbations together in the same ensemble system show a promising increase in ensemble spread and a decrease in the number of outliers in the Tropics. C1 [Teixeira, Joao] Naval Res Lab, UCAR Visiting Scientist Program, Monterey, CA USA. [Teixeira, Joao] NATO Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. RP Teixeira, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 169-237, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM teixeira@jpl.nasa.gov OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 NR 55 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 136 IS 2 BP 483 EP 496 DI 10.1175/2007MWR1870.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 274YR UT WOS:000254039200006 ER PT J AU Szechtman, R Kress, M Lin, K Cfir, D AF Szechtman, Roberto Kress, Moshe Lin, Kyle Cfir, Dolev TI Models of sensor operations for border surveillance SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE homeland security; search theory; stochastic models AB This article is motivated by the diverse array of border threats, ranging from terrorists to arms dealers and human traffickers. We consider a moving sensor that patrols a certain section of a border with the objective to detect infiltrators who attempt to penetrate that section. Infiltrators arrive according to a Poisson process along the border with a specified distribution of arrival location, and disappear a random amount of time after their arrival. The measures of effectiveness are the target (infiltrator) detection rate and the time elapsed from target arrival to target detection. We study two types of sensor trajectories that have constant endpoints, are periodic, and maintain constant speed: (1) a sensor that jumps instantaneously from the endpoint back to the starting-point, and (2) a sensor that moves continuously back and forth. The controlled parameters (decision variables) are the starting and end points of the patrolled sector and the velocity of the sensor. General properties of these trajectories are investigated. 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Szechtman, Roberto; Kress, Moshe; Lin, Kyle; Cfir, Dolev] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. RP Szechtman, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. EM rszechtm@nps.edu OI Lin, Kyle/0000-0002-3769-1891 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 55 IS 1 BP 27 EP 41 DI 10.1002/nav.20263 PG 15 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 255UE UT WOS:000252682200003 ER PT J AU Regnier, E AF Regnier, Eva TI Doing something about the weather SO OMEGA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INFORMS 2003 Annual Conference CY OCT 19-22, 2003 CL Atlanta, GA DE weather; decision making; decision support systems; dynamic programming; stochastic programming ID DECISION-MAKING; CLIMATE FORECASTS; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES; SYSTEM; MODEL; INFORMATION; PROTOTYPE; ACCURACY; SERVICES AB Recent developments in weather forecasting have created the potential for the operations research and management science (OR/MS) community to have a tremendous impact in distilling weather information into valuable decision tools. Weather-sensitive applications include transport, electric utilities, agriculture, and public emergency management. This article surveys existing research and practice using OR/MS tools to integrate weather forecasts in decision-making. Because the conditions that created the potential for OR/MS contributions-in particular an explosion in the amount of relevant forecast data-are quite recent, the amount of existing OR/MS work is modest. This article also describes promising but unexplored research opportunities for the OR/MS community. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Regnier, E (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, 1 Univ Dr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM eregnier@nps.edu NR 68 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0483 J9 OMEGA-INT J MANAGE S JI Omega-Int. J. Manage. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 BP 22 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.omega.2005.07.011 PG 11 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 220WU UT WOS:000250188800003 ER PT J AU Quimby, RS Condon, NJ O'Connor, SP Biswal, S Bowman, SR AF Quimby, R. S. Condon, N. J. O'Connor, S. P. Biswal, S. Bowman, S. R. TI Upconversion and excited-state absorption in the lower levels of Er : KPb2Cl5 SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE upconversion; excited-state absorption; nonradiative decay; energy transfer ID ER-DOPED KPB2CL5; LASER CRYSTALS; MU-M; GROWTH; EMISSION; GLASSES AB Polarized excited-state absorption spectra for the 4I(13/2) -> I-4(9/2) transition in Er:KPb2Cl5 were determined from the measured I-4(9/2) -> I-4(13/2) emission spectra using the reciprocity relation of [D.E. McCumber, Phys. Rev. 136 (1964) A954]. From these spectra, the microparameters for energy transfer were found to be C-DA = 2.6 x 10(-42) cm(6)/s for (I-4(13/2),I-4(13/2)) -> (I-4(15/2),I-4(9/2)) and C-DD = 6.9 x 10(-39) cm(6)/s for (I-4(13/2), I-4(15/2)) -> (I-4(15/2),I-4(13/2)). The macroscopic upconversion coefficient was measured by comparing fluorescence intensities from the I-4(13/2) and I-4(9/2) levels, and found to be C-up = (2.6 +/- 0.4) x 10(-20) cm(3)/s, in good agreement with the value calculated from the microparameters C-DA and C-DD. Energy transfer upconversion between two ions ill the I-4(13/2) level is orders of magnitude weaker than in other typical hosts, and this is predicted to lead to dramatically reduced heat loading in a resonantly pumped 1.5 mu m Er laser. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Quimby, R. S.] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Condon, N. J.; O'Connor, S. P.; Biswal, S.; Bowman, S. R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Quimby, RS (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. EM rsquimby@wpi.edu; Steven.Bowman@nrl.navy.mil RI Condon, Nicholas/C-7171-2009 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 30 IS 6 BP 827 EP 834 DI 10.1016/j.optmat.2007.03.002 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 268XC UT WOS:000253612500003 ER PT J AU Sarasvathy, SD Dew, N AF Sarasvathy, Saras D. Dew, Nicholas TI Is effectuation Lachmannian? A response to Chiles, Bluedorn, and Gupta (2007) SO ORGANIZATION STUDIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Dew, Nicholas] USN, Postgrad Sch, Publ Affairs Off, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Sarasvathy, Saras D.] Darden Grad Sch Business Adm, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Sarasvathy, SD (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Darden Sch Business, 10 Darden Blvd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM SarasvathyS@darden.virginia.edu; ndew@nps.edu NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0170-8406 J9 ORGAN STUD PD FEB PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 BP 239 EP 245 DI 10.1177/0170840607088153 PG 7 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 271CP UT WOS:000253766800004 ER PT J AU Mastro, MA Freitas, JA Twigg, M Holm, RT Eddy, CR Kub, F Kim, HY Ahn, J Kim, J AF Mastro, Michael A. Freitas, Jaime A., Jr. Twigg, Mark Holm, R. T. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Kub, Fritz Kim, Hong-Yeol Ahn, Jaehui Kim, Jihyun TI Experimental study of plasmonically enhanced GaN nanowire light emitters SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; MOCVD AB Plasmonic-enhanced emission was achieved from a Ill-nitride nano-wire optoelectronic device. The III-nitride system has been widely applied to light emitters in the blue, violet and ultra-violet portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. One limit to its application has been the efficiency reduction associated with the inherently defective nature (particularly threading dislocations) of the material that is typically grown by hetero-epitaxy. The VLS fabrication technique inherently yields defect-free material that serves as an excellent emission and gain media. A two-step approach was developed in a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition system to grow nano-wires initially vertically by the VLS mechanism and, when necessary, laterally by altering the growth conditions. Furthermore, various silver coatings were employed to enhance the plasmonic-based transfer of electromagnetic energy generated in the nano-wire to the external near-field. (C) 2008 WILEY.VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 [Mastro, Michael A.; Freitas, Jaime A., Jr.; Twigg, Mark; Holm, R. T.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.; Kub, Fritz] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, Hong-Yeol; Ahn, Jaehui; Kim, Jihyun] Korea Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Mastro, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.mastro@nrl.navy.mil; jhkim@prosys.korea.ac.kr RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6300 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Mat. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 205 IS 2 BP 378 EP 382 DI 10.1002/pssa.200723148 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 268AT UT WOS:000253551000028 ER PT J AU Johannes, MD Stux, AM Swider-Lyons, KE AF Johannes, M. D. Stux, A. M. Swider-Lyons, K. E. TI Electronic structure and properties of Li-insertion materials: Li(2)RuO(3) and RuO(2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; 1ST-PRINCIPLES PREDICTION; HIGH-CAPACITY; AB-INITIO; LITHIUM; INTERCALATION; BATTERIES; LI2-XRUO3; OXIDES AB We synthesize, measure, and use first principles density functional theory calculations to study two Ru-based metal oxides, layered Li(2)RuO(3) and rutile RuO(2), in terms of their electrochemical performance as potential battery cathode materials. Despite being composed of identical constituent elements, and having the same local structure (RuO(6) octahedra), the two compounds have very different voltage profiles and conductivities that can be traced back to differences in their long range structures. We find that three basic factors contribute to the superior cathode properties of Li(2)RuO(3) in comparison to RuO(2): a lower Ru/O ratio that raises the oxidation state of Ru, more localized electron states and longer Li-Li distances due to quasi-two-dimensionality, and strong Ru-Ru bonding in the metal-oxide plane that shifts the electronic energy levels. The principles extracted from the comparison of these two materials are generalizable and can be used to help guide the search for superior cathode compounds. C1 [Johannes, M. D.; Stux, A. M.; Swider-Lyons, K. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johannes, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2008 VL 77 IS 7 AR 075124 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.075124 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 271BP UT WOS:000253764200061 ER PT J AU Mehl, MJ Finkenstadt, D AF Mehl, Michael J. Finkenstadt, Daniel TI Nearly metastable rhombohedral phases of bcc metals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PROJECTOR AUGMENTED-WAVE; HIGHER-ENERGY PHASES; TRANSITION-METALS; SURFACES; SOLIDS AB The energy E(c/a) for a bcc element stretched along its [001] axis (the Bain path) has a minimum at c/a=1, a maximum at c/a=root 2, and an elastically unstable local minimum at c/a >root 2. An alternative path connecting the bcc and fcc structures is the rhombohedral lattice. The primitive lattice has R (3) over barm symmetry, with the angle alpha changing from 109.4 degrees (bcc), to 90 degrees (simple cubic), to 60 degrees (fcc). We study this path for the non-magnetic bcc transition metals (V, Nb, Mo, Ta, and W) using both all-electron linearized augmented plane wave and projector augmented wave VASP codes. Except for Ta, the energy E(alpha) has a local maximum at alpha=60 degrees, with local minima near 55 degrees and 70 degrees, the latter having lower energy, suggesting the possibility of a metastable rhombohedral state for these materials. We first examine the elastic stability of the 70 degrees minimum structure, and determine that only W is elastically stable in this structure, with the smallest eigenvalue of the elastic tensor at 4 GPa. We then consider the possibility that tungsten is actually metastable in this structure by looking at its vibrational and third-order elastic stability. C1 [Mehl, Michael J.; Finkenstadt, Daniel] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mehl, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2008 VL 77 IS 5 AR 052102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.052102 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 271BN UT WOS:000253764000002 ER PT J AU Woods, LM Reinecke, TL Rajagopal, AK AF Woods, L. M. Reinecke, T. L. Rajagopal, A. K. TI Electron spin dynamics due to hyperfine coupling in quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB The dynamics of spins in semiconductor quantum dots often is controlled by their hyperfine coupling to nuclear spins. We develop a straightforward and efficient approach to describe the dynamics and the effective decoherence of the electron spins due to hyperfine coupling in realistic quantum dots. Systems with a large number of nuclei and an arbitrary initial nuclear polarization for which the number of nuclei initially flipped over is much less than the total number of nuclei are treated. This treatment employs a pole approximation within a Schrodinger equation of motion for the state of the coupled electron and nuclear spin system, and it allows us to treat systems with arbitrary initial conditions. We find that typical time scales for the effective spin decoherence are on the order of tens of microseconds. C1 [Woods, L. M.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33647 USA. [Reinecke, T. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rajagopal, A. K.] George Mason Univ, Ctr Quantum Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Rajagopal, A. K.] Inspire Inst Inc, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Woods, LM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33647 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2008 VL 77 IS 7 AR 073313 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.073313 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 271BP UT WOS:000253764200023 ER PT J AU Aguilar, A Campbell, DB Chandler, K Pipidis, A Riley, MA Teal, C Simpson, J Hartley, DJ Kondev, FG Clark, RM Cromaz, M Fallon, P Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Ragnarsson, I AF Aguilar, A. Campbell, D. B. Chandler, K. Pipidis, A. Riley, M. A. Teal, C. Simpson, J. Hartley, D. J. Kondev, F. G. Clark, R. M. Cromaz, M. Fallon, P. Lee, I. Y. Macchiavelli, A. O. Ragnarsson, I. TI New shape minimum in (160)Yb: Evidence for a triaxial, strongly deformed band SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-HOLE EXCITATIONS; ROTATIONAL BANDS; HIGH-SPIN; NUCLEI; COLLECTIVITY; EVOLUTION AB A high-spin rotational band was observed in the N=90 nucleus (160)Yb with moment of inertia and decay characteristics very similar to recently discovered sequences in (157,158)Er. These latter structures were discussed in terms of strongly deformed triaxial bands. Detailed cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations were performed that predict that well-deformed triaxial structures are also expected at high spin in (160)Yb. Within this interpretation the observed discontinuity in the dynamic moment of inertia around h omega=0.40-0.45 MeV can be explained as a crossing between i(13/2) neutron levels. C1 [Aguilar, A.; Campbell, D. B.; Chandler, K.; Pipidis, A.; Riley, M. A.; Teal, C.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Simpson, J.] STFC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. [Hartley, D. J.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kondev, F. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kondev, F. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Clark, R. M.; Cromaz, M.; Fallon, P.; Lee, I. Y.; Macchiavelli, A. O.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Nucl Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ragnarsson, I.] Lund Inst Technol, Dept Math Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RP Aguilar, A (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2008 VL 77 IS 2 AR 021302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.77.021302 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 271BT UT WOS:000253764600003 ER PT J AU Gurdal, G Beausang, CW Brenner, DS Ai, H Casten, RF Crider, B Heinz, A Williams, E Hartley, DJ Carpenter, MP Hecht, AA Janssens, RVF Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Raabe, R Seweryniak, D Zhu, S Saladin, JX AF Guerdal, G. Beausang, C. W. Brenner, D. S. Ai, H. Casten, R. F. Crider, B. Heinz, A. Williams, E. Hartley, D. J. Carpenter, M. P. Hecht, A. A. Janssens, R. V. F. Lauritsen, T. Lister, C. J. Raabe, R. Seweryniak, D. Zhu, S. Saladin, J. X. TI Measurement of conversion coefficients in normal and triaxial strongly deformed bands in (167)Lu SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID WOBBLING EXCITATIONS; SUPERDEFORMATION; NUCLEI; MODE AB Internal conversion coefficients have been measured for transitions in both normal deformed and triaxial strongly deformed bands in (167)Lu using the Gammasphere and ICE Ball spectrometers. The results for all in-band transitions are consistent with E2 multipolarity. Upper limits are determined for the internal conversion coefficients for linking transitions between TSD Band 2 and TSD Band 1, the n(w)=1 and n(w)=0 wobbling bands, respectively. C1 [Guerdal, G.; Beausang, C. W.; Brenner, D. S.; Ai, H.; Casten, R. F.; Heinz, A.; Williams, E.] Yale Univ, WNSL, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Guerdal, G.; Brenner, D. S.] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Beausang, C. W.; Crider, B.] Univ Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. [Hartley, D. J.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Carpenter, M. P.; Hecht, A. A.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Lauritsen, T.; Lister, C. J.; Seweryniak, D.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hecht, A. A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Saladin, J. X.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Gurdal, G (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM cbeausan@richmond.edu RI Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2008 VL 77 IS 2 AR 024314 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.77.024314 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 271BT UT WOS:000253764600022 ER PT J AU Tandel, SK Knox, AJ Parnell-Lampen, C Tandel, US Chowdhury, P Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Khoo, TL Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Seweryniak, D Wang, X Zhu, S Hartley, DJ Zhang, JY AF Tandel, S. K. Knox, A. J. Parnell-Lampen, C. Tandel, U. S. Chowdhury, P. Carpenter, M. P. Janssens, R. V. F. Khoo, T. L. Lauritsen, T. Lister, C. J. Seweryniak, D. Wang, X. Zhu, S. Hartley, D. J. Zhang, Jing-ye TI Search for strongly deformed structures and observation of multiple nucleon alignments in (174)W SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID TRIAXIAL SUPERDEFORMATION; WOBBLING EXCITATIONS; FREQUENCY; CROSSINGS; PHONON; BAND AB Highly excited states, up to spin 39h, have been established in (174)W, using the Gammasphere array. Ultimate cranker calculations predict the appearance of triaxial, strongly deformed structures above spin 30h in (174)W. A new approach was developed for a comprehensive search of the data for such structures, similar to those observed in the Lu and Hf isotopes. No evidence was found for strongly deformed bands in the W isotopes populated in this experiment. Existing rotational structures have been considerably extended, allowing for the observation of both neutron and proton alignments in a number of bands. There is evidence for the i(13/2) neutron and possibly both the h(9/2) and h(11/2) proton crossings. The observed neutron and proton crossing frequencies are in good agreement with predictions of Woods-Saxon cranking calculations using an empirical pair-gap energy, and they lead to an improved understanding of the underlying structure of the bands. C1 [Carpenter, M. P.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Khoo, T. L.; Lauritsen, T.; Lister, C. J.; Seweryniak, D.; Wang, X.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hartley, D. J.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Zhang, Jing-ye] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tandel, S. K.; Knox, A. J.; Parnell-Lampen, C.; Tandel, U. S.; Chowdhury, P.] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2008 VL 77 IS 2 AR 024313 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.77.024313 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 271BT UT WOS:000253764600021 ER PT J AU Bates, JW AF Bates, J. W. TI Response to "Comment on 'Instability of isolated planar shock waves"' [Phys. Fluids 20, 029101 (2008)] SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Editorial Material AB In a recent article [J. W. Bates, "Instability of isolated planar shock waves," Phys. Fluids 19, 094102 (2007)], we derived linear instability criteria for an isolated, planar, two-dimensional shock wave propagating through an inviscid fluid with an arbitrary equation of state. The basis for this analysis was a novel solution for the time-dependent Fourier amplitude of a single-mode perturbation on the front, which was expressed in the form of a Volterra equation. In the comment by Tumin ["Comment on 'Instability of isolated planar shock waves'," Phys. Fluids 20, 029101 (2008)], the author demonstrated the consistency of our results with those of Erpenbeck, whose mathematical approach avoided the derivation of an integral equation in the time domain, but required a complicated, inverse Laplace-transform operation to ascertain the temporal evolution of disturbances at the shock's surface. Here, we emphasize that such information is obtained more readily from a direct solution of the aforementioned Volterra equation using modern numerical techniques. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bates, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD FEB PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 AR 029102 DI 10.1063/1.2841625 PG 2 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 276KZ UT WOS:000254141600038 ER PT J AU Rouson, DWI Kassinos, SC Moulitsas, I Sarris, IE Xu, X AF Rouson, D. W. I. Kassinos, S. C. Moulitsas, I. Sarris, I. E. Xu, X. TI Dispersed-phase structural anisotropy in homogeneous magnetohydrodynamic turbulence at low magnetic Reynolds number SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPED CHANNEL FLOW; PREFERENTIAL CONCENTRATION; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; PARTICLES AB A new tensor statistic, the dispersed-phase structure dimensionality D-p, is defined to describe the preferred orientation of clusters of discrete bodies. The evolution of D-p is calculated via direct numerical simulations of passive, Stokesian particles driven by initially isotropic, decaying magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. Results are presented for five magnetic field strengths as characterized by magnetic interaction parameters, N, in the range 0-50. Four field strengths are studied at a grid resolution of 128(3). The strongest field strength is also studied at 256(3) resolution. In each case, the externally applied magnetic field was spatially uniform and followed a step function in time. Particles with initially uniform distributions were tracked through hydrodynamic turbulence for up to 2800 particle response times before the step change in the magnetic field. In the lower resolution simulation, the particle response time, tau(p), matched the Kolmogorov time scale at the magnetic field application time t(0). The higher-resolution simulation tracked ten sets of particles with tau(p) spanning four decades bracketing the Kolmogorov time scale and the Joule time. The results demonstrate that D-p distinguishes between uniformly distributed particles, those organized into randomly oriented clusters, and those organized into two-dimensional sheets everywhere tangent to the magnetic field lines. Lumley triangles are used to demonstrate that the degree of structural anisotropy depends on tau(p), N, and the time span over which the magnetic field is applied. (D American Institute of Physics. C1 [Rouson, D. W. I.] USN, Res Lab, Multiphy Modeling Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kassinos, S. C.] NASA Ames, Stanford Univ, Ctr Turbulence Res, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kassinos, S. C.; Moulitsas, I.] Univ Cyprus, Dept Mech & Manufacturing Engn, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. [Sarris, I. E.] Univ Libre Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Xu, X.] Gen Motors Corp, Pontiac, MI 48340 USA. RP Rouson, DWI (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rouson@sandia.gov; kassinos@ucy.ac.cy; moulitsa@ucy.ac.cy; xiaofeng.xu@gm.com RI Moulitsas, Irene/B-1558-2009; Kassinos, Stavros/B-6404-2016 OI Kassinos, Stavros/0000-0002-3501-3851 NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD FEB PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 AR 025101 DI 10.1063/1.2832776 PG 19 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 276KZ UT WOS:000254141600023 ER PT J AU Coverdale, CA Deeney, C LePell, PD Jones, B Davis, J Clark, RW Apruzese, JP Thornhill, JW Whitney, KG AF Coverdale, C. A. Deeney, C. LePell, P. D. Jones, B. Davis, J. Clark, R. W. Apruzese, J. P. Thornhill, J. W. Whitney, K. G. TI Large diameter (45-80 mm) nested stainless steel wire arrays at the Z accelerator SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; Z-PINCH IMPLOSIONS; X-RAY-EMISSION; GAS-PUFF IMPLOSIONS; K-SHELL RADIATION; HIGH-VELOCITY; HEURISTIC MODEL; ALUMINUM; POWER; DYNAMICS AB Experiments have been performed at the Z accelerator to elucidate the effects of initial load diameter on the radiated output of a 7 keV wire array x-ray source. Nested wire arrays with initial outer diameters of 45-80 mm were fielded, with the masses chosen to maintain a nominally constant coupling to the Z generator. The total radiated output decreased from similar to 1.1 MJ to 0.5 MJ for the largest diameter arrays, while the > 1 keV and K-shell radiation decreased at both small and large diameters. The >1 keV output peaked at similar to 340 kJ, while the K-shell yield peaked at similar to 55 kJ. The observed trends in radiated output and stagnated plasma parameters are consistent with a phenomenological K-shell scaling theory, and are reproduced in one-dimensional modeling, although multidimensional effects, such as, growth of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, are observed in the experiments and appear to impact the stagnated plasma for the larger diameter arrays. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Coverdale, C. A.; Deeney, C.; LePell, P. D.; Jones, B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Davis, J.; Clark, R. W.; Apruzese, J. P.; Thornhill, J. W.; Whitney, K. G.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coverdale, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 59 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2008 VL 15 IS 2 AR 023107 DI 10.1063/1.2840641 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 276KY UT WOS:000254141500040 ER PT J AU Doherty, RM Watt, DS AF Doherty, Ruth M. Watt, Duncan S. TI Relationship between RDX properties and sensitivity SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article CT International Symposium on Insensitive Energetic Materials, Particles and Crystals (IEM 2007) CY MAR, 2007 CL Pfinztal, GERMANY DE crystal properties; RDX; Round Robin; RS-RDX; R(4); shock sensitivity ID IMPACT SENSITIVITY; EXPLOSIVES AB An interlaboratory comparison of seven lots of commercially available RDX was conducted to determine what properties of the nitramine particles can be used to assess whether the RDX has relatively high or relatively low sensitivity. The materials chosen for the study were selected to give a range of HMX content, manufacturing process and reported shock sensitivity. The results of two different shock sensitivity tests conducted on a PBX made with the RDX lots in the study showed that there are measurable differences in the shock sensitivity of the PBXs, but the impact sensitivity for all of the lots is essentially the same. Impact sensitivity is not a good predictor of shock sensitivity for these types of RDX. Although most RDX that exhibits RS has low HMX content, that characteristic alone is not sufficient to guarantee low sensitivity. A range of additional analytical chemistry tests were conducted on the material; two of these (HPLC and DSC) are discussed within. C1 [Doherty, Ruth M.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Res Dev Test & Evaluat Directorate, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Watt, Duncan S.] Novare, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia. RP Doherty, RM (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Res Dev Test & Evaluat Directorate, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM ruth.doherty@navy.mil NR 43 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 16 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 4 EP 13 DI 10.1002/prep.200800201 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 265ZY UT WOS:000253401800002 ER PT J AU Zhang, XL AF Zhang, Xiaolei TI Disentangling the dynamical mechanisms for cluster galaxy evolution SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID MORPHOLOGY-DENSITY RELATION; COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; BUTCHER-OEMLER CLUSTERS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPIRAL GALAXIES; DISTANT CLUSTERS; DISK GALAXIES; SECULAR EVOLUTION AB The determination of the dynamical causes of the morphological Butcher-Oemler (BO) effect, or the rapid transformation of a large population of late- type galaxies to earlier Hubble types in the rich cluster environment between intermediate redshifts and the local universe, has been an important unsolved problem that is central to our understanding of the general problems of galaxy formation and evolution. In this article, we survey the existing proposed mechanisms for cluster galaxy transformation, and discuss their relevance and limitations to the explanation of the morphological BO effect. A new infrared diagnostic approach is devised to disentangle the relative importance of several major physical mechanisms to account for the BO effect, and an example of the first application of this procedure to a single rich intermediate redshift galaxy cluster is given to demonstrate the viability of this approach. The preliminary result of this analysis favors the interaction- enhanced secular evolution process as the major cause of the cluster galaxy morphological transformation. This conclusion is also supported by a wide range of other published results that are assembled here to highlight their implications on a coherent physical origin for the morphological BO effect. C1 [Zhang, Xiaolei] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zhang, Xiaolei] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Zhang, XL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM xzhang5@gmu.edu NR 88 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 120 IS 864 BP 121 EP 134 DI 10.1086/527571 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 268EM UT WOS:000253561600001 ER PT J AU Skopec, M Loew, M Price, J Moscovitch, M AF Skopec, Marlene Loew, Murray Price, Jack Moscovitch, Marko TI Classification of mixed-radiation fields using the vector representation of thermoluminescent glow curves SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 08-13, 2007 CL Delft Univ Technol, Delft, NETHERLANDS HO Delft Univ Technol DE thermoluminescence; mixed-fields; vector representation AB A novel and robust technique, vector representation (VR), was developed for classifying the glow curves of thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) exposed to proton, photon, and mixed proton-photon fields produced by two types of TLDs:LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) and CaF2:Tm (TLD-300). Vectors were constructed from glow curve points and classified based on the TL vector inner product with a unit vector and TL vector magnitude. The goal was to perform two-category (proton or mixed/photon) and three-category (proton, photon, or mixed) classification. The method was tested for accuracy using leave-one-out validation (LOOV) with classification based on the smallest Mahalanobis distance. Using the high-temperature peaks of each material, correct classification rates exceeding 92% in all cases were obtained. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Skopec, Marlene; Price, Jack] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. [Loew, Murray] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Moscovitch, Marko] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Skopec, M (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. EM marskopec@yahoo.com NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD FEB-JUN PY 2008 VL 43 IS 2-6 BP 410 EP 413 DI 10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.12.033 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 328OP UT WOS:000257808000061 ER PT J AU Barkyoumb, JH Mathur, VK AF Barkyoumb, J. H. Mathur, V. K. TI Epoxy encapsulant as serendipitous dosimeters during radiological/nuclear events SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 08-13, 2007 CL Delft Univ Technol, Delft, NETHERLANDS HO Delft Univ Technol DE OSL; triage dosimeter; smart chip; serendipitous dosimeter AB The radiation response of a smart chip (embedded integrated circuit) module has been reported earlier using the technique of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). It was found that a smart chip module could be used to evaluate the personnel exposure in the accident dosinictry range. Through subsequent experiments, the radiation sensitivity of the chip module was traced to the epoxy encapsulant provided to protect the chip from the environment and physical damage and that the radiation sensitivity of the epoxy is due to the silica used as the 'filler' for controlling the thixotropic properties of the epoxy used for 'glob top' or 'dam-and-fill' encapsulation. It is desirable to retain the ability to use the smart chip as ail accident dosimeter without requiring a modification of standard manufacturing process for which an infrastructure already exists to avoid additional costs. For this reason, we have investigated commercially available filled and unfilled epoxies both as received frorn the rnanufaCLurer and compared their response with epoxies to which commercial fillers are added. In this work we investigate the OSL response of various epoxies commonly used for potting of electronic circuits with and without various filler materials for their potential to be used as a caSUalty dosinieter in the exposure range of 0.5-10Gy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Barkyoumb, J. H.; Mathur, V. K.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Barkyoumb, JH (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM jhbarky@earthlink.net NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD FEB-JUN PY 2008 VL 43 IS 2-6 BP 841 EP 844 DI 10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.11.081 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 328OP UT WOS:000257808000151 ER PT J AU Anderson, GP Taitt, CR AF Anderson, George P. Taitt, Chris R. TI Suspension microarray immunoassay signal amplification using multilayer formation SO SENSOR LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference of Thermal, Mechanical and Multiphysics Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems CY APR 24-26, 2006 CL Lombardy, ITALY DE Luminex xMAP; microarray; immunoassay; avidin-biotin; anti-streptavidin antibody; super avidin-biotin system; fluid array immunoassay; flow Cytometry; microsphere ID FLOW-CYTOMETRY; NEUROTOXIN; ANTIBODIES; BIOSENSOR; ANTIGENS; ASSAY; DNA AB A method for rapid amplification of signals is demonstrated in multiplexed fluid microarrays using the 'super avidin-biotin system' (SABS). The Luminex xMAP system is a specialized flow cytometer that performs multiplexed microsphere based fluoroimmunoassays. The xMAP system's standard protocol utilizes antibodies immobilized to microspheres as the capture surface for target antigens and complementary biotinylated antibodies serve as the recognition "tracer" reagents. This antibody:target:biotinylated antibody complex is fluorescently labeled by the addition of streptaviclin-phycoerythrin (SA-PE). The present study shows that addition of two simple steps greatly amplifies the signal produced by the standard protocol, typically by a factor of similar to 10. After addition of the SA-PE, the microspheres are subsequently exposed to biotinylated goat anti-streptavidin antibody; this is then followed by a second round of SA-PE, which further amplifies the initial signal. This amplification protocol was demonstrated for multiplexed detection of cholera toxin and botulinum toxoid A. In addition, several SA-PE conjugates having a variety of SA-to-PE stoichiometries were evaluated, as well as an alternative protocol, wherein biotinylated PE was substituted for the anti-streptavidin antibody. C1 [Anderson, George P.; Taitt, Chris R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Anderson, GP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM george.anderson@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1546-198X J9 SENSOR LETT JI Sens. Lett. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 6 IS 1 BP 213 EP 218 DI 10.1166/sl.2008.018 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 279IF UT WOS:000254348200026 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN AF Kostoff, Ronald N. TI Literature-related discovery (LRD): Introduction and background SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material DE discovery; innovation; science and technology; text mining; literature-based discovery; literature-assisted discovery; radical discovery; innovation; information retrieval; unconnected disciplines; disparate disciplines; interdisciplinary; multidisciplinary; Raynaud's phenomenon; cataracts; Parkinson's disease; multiple sclerosis; solicitations ID ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; FISH-OIL; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; GENERATING HYPOTHESES; KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY; VASCULAR-DISEASE; BLOOD-VISCOSITY; PREVENTION; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CONNECTIONS AB Discovery in science is the generation of novel, interesting, plausible, and intelligible knowledge about the objects of study. Literature-related discovery (LRD) is the linking of two or more literature concepts that have heretofore not been linked (i.e., disjoint), in order to produce novel, interesting, plausible, and intelligible knowledge (i.e., potential discovery). LRD has two main components that differ in their methodological approach to discovery: Literature-based discovery (LBD) produces potential discovery through analysis of the technical literature alone. Literature-assisted discovery (LAD) produces potential discovery through both analysis of the technical literature and use of selected authors of that literature. These authors generate potential discovery as proposers, workshop/panel participants, or in other active roles. LRD offers the promise of large amounts of potential discovery, for the following reasons: the burgeoning technical literature contains a very large pool of technical concepts in myriad technical areas; researchers spend full time trying to cover the literature in their own research fields and are relatively unfamiliar with research in other especially disparate fields of research; the large number of technical concepts (and disparate technical concepts) means that many combinations of especially disparate technical concepts exist by the laws of probability, some of these combinations will produce novel, interesting, plausible, and intelligible knowledge about the objects of study. This Special Issue presents the LRD methodology and voluminous discovery results from five problem areas: four medical (treatments for Parkinson's Disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP), and Cataracts) and one non-medical (Water Purification (WP)). In particular, the open discovery systems (ODS) aspect of LRD (start with problem, generate potential solution(s), or vice versa) is addressed, rather than the closed discovery systems (CDS) aspect (start with problem and potential solution(s), generate linking mechanism(s)). In the presentation of potential discovery, a 'vetting' process is used that insures both requirements for ODS LBD are met: concepts are linked that have not been linked previously, and novel, interesting, plausible, and intelligible knowledge is produced. The potential discoveries for the PD, MS, Cataracts, and WP problems are the first we have seen reported by this ODS LBD approach, and the numbers of potential discoveries for the ODS LBD benchmark RP problem are almost two orders of magnitude greater than those reported in the open literature by any other ODS LBD researcher who has addressed this benchmark RP problem. The WP problem is the first non-medical technical topic to have been addressed successfully by ODS LBD. In all cases, but especially the medical, we have barely scratched the surface of quantity and quality of potential discovery that could be generated with adequately resourced studies. Based on the many potential discoveries we have obtained, and the promise of far more potential discoveries with adequately resourced studies, we have generated a new paradigm relative to discovery: while the key challenge in traditional discovery is finding a needle-in-a-haystack, the key challenge in ODS LRD (used appropriately) is handling the overwhelming amount of potential discovery available. Additionally, it is our thesis, as the specific ODS LBD studies will demonstrate, that synergistic combinations of our mainly individual potential discoveries are themselves potential discoveries. We demonstrate throughout this Special Issue the synergistic effects of combining a very few potential discoveries or interesting core literature concepts, and believe that these synergistic benefits are operable at larger scales of combination. In the final lessons-learned paper of this Special Issue, we also show that providing evidence for the synergistic benefits of large numbers of potential discoveries or interesting core concepts is very difficult due to the large numbers of potential combinations involved. One variant of the LAD operational mode (identifying disparate discipline recipients for Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) notifications in order to stimulate proposals of new ideas from these disparate disciplines) is presented for WP. Other possible applications of LAD include: 1. Recipients of solicitation announcements (other solicitations similar to BAA, journal Special Issue calls for papers, etc), 2. Participants in Workshops, Advisory Panels, Review Panels, Roadmaps, and War Games, 3. Points of Contact for Field Science Advisors, Foreign Field Offices, Program Officer site visits, and potential transitions. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 45 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 EI 1873-5509 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 75 IS 2 BP 165 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.techfore.2007.11.004 PG 21 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 268TA UT WOS:000253601100001 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Briggs, MB Solka, JL Rushenberg, RL AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Briggs, Michael B. Solka, Jeffrey L. Rushenberg, Robert L. TI Literature-related discovery (LRD): Methodology SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE literature-based discovery; text mining; information retrieval; clustering; semantic filters ID SCIENCE-AND-TECHNOLOGY; POTENTIAL TREATMENTS; INFRASTRUCTURE; CHINESE AB Literature-related discovery (LRD) is linking two or more literature concepts that have heretofore not been linked (i.e., disjoint), in order to produce novel, interesting, plausible, and intelligible knowledge. LRD has two components: Literature-based discovery (LBD) generates potential discovery through literature analysis alone, whereas literature-assisted discovery (LAD) generates potential discovery through a combination of literature analysis and interactions among selected literature authors. In turn, there are two types of LBD and LAD: open discovery systems (ODS), where one starts with a problem and arrives at a solution, and closed discovery systems (CDS), where one starts with a problem and a solution, then determines the mechanism(s) that links them. The generic methodology for identifying potential discovery candidates through ODS LRD, focusing mainly on its ODS LBD component, is described in this paper. A comprehensive flow chart showing the details of our systematic potential discovery generation process, including the evolution of the flow chart steps through each of the studies performed, is presented. Also shown is a vetting procedure that insures potential discoveries claimed are potential discoveries realized. The semantic filters that replace the numerical filters of other ODS LBD approaches are overviewed. The rationale for addressing the five topics studied (Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP), Cataracts, Parkinson's Disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Water Purification (WP)) is summarized. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kostoff, Ronald N.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Solka, Jeffrey L.] USN, Surface Weapons Ctr, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. [Rushenberg, Robert L.] DDL OMNI Engn LLC, Mclean, VA 22201 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 23 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 EI 1873-5509 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 75 IS 2 BP 186 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.techfore.2007.11.010 PG 17 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 268TA UT WOS:000253601100002 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Block, JA Stump, JA Johnson, D AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Block, Joel A. Stump, Jesse A. Johnson, Dustin TI Literature-related discovery (LRD): Potential treatments for Raynaud's phenomenon SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE literature-based discovery; text mining; information retrieval; clustering; semantic filters; Raynaud's phenomenon; Raynaud's disease; Raynaud's syndrome ID MODIFIED PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOG; VASCULAR SMOOTH-MUSCLE; GASTROINTESTINAL HORMONES; CARDIOVASCULAR-RESPONSES; PLATELET-FUNCTION; CYCLIC-GMP; INHIBITION; RELAXATION; VISCOSITY; HYDRATION AB Literature-related discovery (LRD) is the linking of two or more literature concepts that have heretofore not been linked (i.e., disjoint), in order to produce novel, interesting, plausible, and intelligible knowledge (i.e., potential discovery). The open discovery systems (ODS) component of LRD starts with a problem to be solved, and generates solutions to that problem through potential discovery. We have been using ODS LRD to identify potential treatments or preventative actions for challenging medical problems, among myriad other applications. Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP) is a condition in which small arteries, most commonly in fingers and toes, contract and cause the skin to turn pale or a patchy red to blue. We selected the subject of RP for analysis by LRD because of RP's global prevalence, and its apparent intractability to all treatments except for palliative remediation mainly through drugs or surgery. Our main goal was to identify non-drug non-surgical treatments that would 1) prevent the occurrence, or 2) reduce the progression rate, or 3) stop the progression, or 4) maybe even reverse the progression, of RR Our secondary goal was to compare our ODS LRD approach to the RP problem with other investigators who have addressed the RP problem since Swanson's pioneering 1986 ODS LRD paper on potential RP treatments [D.R. Swanson, Fish oil, Raynauds syndrome, and undiscovered public knowledge, Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 30 (1) (1986) 7-18]. We used Medline from 1965-1985 to identify potential discovery for RP. We differ from all the other authors who have addressed this problem in two major respects: we make no numerically-based filtering assumptions, and generate substantial potential discovery (similar to 130 potential discoveries). Further, we believe our reported results are the tip of the iceberg. Much more potential discovery is possible with an adequately resourced study using the lessons learned from this demonstration study and the other demonstration studies that follow in this Special Issue. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kostoff, Ronald N.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Block, Joel A.] Rush Univ, Rush Med Coll, Rheumatol Sect, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Stump, Jesse A.] Loyola Coll, Catonsville, MD USA. [Johnson, Dustin] Northrop Grummans Intelligence Grp, Arlington, VA USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 75 IS 2 BP 203 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.techfore.2007.11.005 PG 12 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 268TA UT WOS:000253601100003 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN AF Kostoff, Ronald N. TI Literature-related discovery (LRD): Potential treatments for cataracts SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE literature-based discovery; text mining; information retrieval; clustering; semantic filters; cataracts; lens opacification ID IN-VITRO; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; RISK-FACTORS; EXTRACT; DAMAGE; VIVO; PROTECTION; RATS; LENS AB Literature-related discovery (LRD) is the linking of two or more literature concepts that have heretofore not been linked (i.e., disjoint), in order to produce novel, interesting, plausible, and intelligible knowledge (i.e., potential discovery). The open discovery systems (ODS) component of LRD starts with a problem to be solved, and generates solutions to that problem through potential discovery. We have been using ODS LRD to identify potential treatments or preventative actions for challenging medical problems, among myriad other applications. This paper describes the second medical problem we addressed (cataract) using ODS LRD; the first problem addressed was Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP), and was described in the third paper of this Special Issue. Cataract was selected because it is ubiquitous globally, appears intractable to all forms of treatment other than surgical removal of cataracts, and is a major cause of blindness in many developing countries. The ODS LRD study had three objectives: a) identify non-drug non-surgical treatments that would 1) help prevent cataracts, or 2) reduce the progression rate of cataracts, or 3) stop the progression of cataracts, or 4) maybe even reverse the progression of cataracts; b) demonstrate that we could solve an ODS LRD problem with no prior knowledge of any results or prior work (unlike the case with the RP problem); c) determine whether large time savings in the discovery process were possible relative to the time required for conducting the RP study. To that end, we used the MeSH taxonomy of MEDLINE to restrict potential discoveries to selected semantic classes, as a substitute for the manually-intensive process used in the RP study to restrict potential discoveries to selected semantic classes. We also used additional semantic filtering to identify potential discovery within the selected semantic classes. All these goals were achieved. As will be shown, we generated large amounts of potential discovery in more than an order of magnitude less time than required for the RP study. We identified many non-drug non-surgical treatments that may be able to reduce or even stop the progression rate of cataracts. Time, and much testing, will determine whether this is possible. Finally, the methodology has been developed to the point where ODS LRD problems can be solved with no results or knowledge of any prior work. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 75 IS 2 BP 215 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.techfore.2007.11.006 PG 11 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 268TA UT WOS:000253601100004 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Briggs, MB AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Briggs, Michael B. TI Literature-related discovery (LRD): Potential treatments for Parkinson's disease SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE text mining; literature-based discovery; document clustering; Parkinson's disease ID INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES; RAT-LIVER; DAMAGE; CELLS; EXTRACT; RESISTANCE; INCREASES; NEURONS; MODEL AB Literature-Related Discovery (LRD) is the linking of two or more literature concepts that have heretofore not been linked (i.e., disjoint), in order to produce novel, interesting, plausible, and intelligible knowledge (i.e., potential discovery). The open discovery systems (ODS) component of LRD starts with a problem to be solved, and generates solutions to that problem through potential discovery. We have been using ODS LRD to identify potential treatments or preventative actions for challenging medical problems, among myriad other applications. The previous two papers in this Special Issue describe the application of ODS LRD to Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP) and to cataracts. Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, affecting approximately 1% of individuals older than 60 years, and is characterized by resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. We selected the subject of PD because of its global prevalence, and its apparent intractability to all treatments except for palliative remediation mainly through drugs or surgery. Our first goal was to identify non-drug non-surgical treatments that would 1) prevent the occurrence, or 2) reduce the progression rate, or 3) stop the progression, or 4) maybe even reverse the progression, of PD. Our second goal was to demonstrate that we could again solve an ODS problem (using LRD) with no prior knowledge of any results or prior work (unlike the case of the RP problem). As in the 'cataract' example, we used the MeSH taxonomy of MEDLINE to restrict potential discoveries to selected semantic classes, and to identify potential discoveries efficiently. Our third goal was to generate large amounts of potential discovery in more than an order of magnitude less time than required for the RP study. The discovery generation methodology has been developed to the point where ODS LRD problems can be solved with no results or know,ledge of any prior work. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kostoff, Ronald N.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Briggs, Michael B.] Marine Corps Warfighting Lab, Arlington, VA USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 EI 1873-5509 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 75 IS 2 BP 226 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.techfore.2007.11.007 PG 13 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 268TA UT WOS:000253601100005 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Briggs, MB Lyons, TJ AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Briggs, Michael B. Lyons, Terence J. TI Literature-related discovery (LRD): Potential treatments for multiple sclerosis SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE discovery; innovation; science and technology; text mining; literature-based discovery; radical discovery; innovation; information retrieval; unconnected disciplines; disparate disciplines; interdisciplinary; multidisciplinary; multiple sclerosis ID EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE SECRETION; OXIDATIVE-STRESS; RAT-BRAIN; DAMAGE; EXTRACT; NEUROPROTECTION; MITOCHONDRIAL; RESTRICTION; EFFICACY AB Literature-related discovery (LRD) is the linking of two or more literature concepts that have heretofore not been linked (i.e., disjoint), in order to produce novel, interesting, plausible, and intelligible knowledge (i.e., potential discovery). The open discovery systems (ODS) component of LRD starts with a problem to be solved, and generates solutions to that problem through potential discovery. We have been using ODS LRD to identify potential treatments or preventative actions for challenging medical problems, among myriad other applications. The previous three papers in this Special Issue describe the application of ODS LRD to Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP), cataracts, and Parkinson's Disease (PD). Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder (typically preceded by periods of remission and relapse), affecting mainly people in their early-mid life. MS is characterized by changes in sensation (hypoesthesia), muscle weakness, abnormal muscle spasms, or difficulty to move; difficulties with coordination and balance (ataxia); problems in speech (Dysarthria) or swallowing (Dysphagia), visual problems (Nystagmus, optic neuritis, or diplopia), fatigue and acute or chronic pain syndromes, bladder and bowel difficulties, cognitive impairment, or emotional symptomatology (mainly depression). We selected the subject of MS because of its global prevalence, and its apparent intractability to all treatments except for palliative remediation. mainly through drugs or surgery. Our first goal was to identify non-drug nonsurgical treatments that would 1) prevent the occurrence, or 2) reduce the progression rate, or 3) stop the progression, or 4) maybe even reverse the progression, of MS. Our second goal was to demonstrate that we could again solve an ODS problem (using LRD) with no prior knowledge of any results or prior work (unlike the case of the RP problem). As in the 'cataract' and PD examples, we used the MeSH taxonomy of MEDLINE to restrict potential discoveries to selected semantic classes, and to identify potential discoveries efficiently. Our third goal was to generate large amounts of potential discovery in more than an order of magnitude less time than required for the RP study. The discovery generation methodology has been developed to the point where ODS LRD problems can be solved with no results or knowledge of any prior work. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kostoff, Ronald N.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Briggs, Michael B.] Marine Corps Warfighting Lab, Arlington, VA USA. [Lyons, Terence J.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 44 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 EI 1873-5509 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 75 IS 2 BP 239 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.techfore.2007.11.002 PG 17 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 268TA UT WOS:000253601100006 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Solka, JL Rushenberg, RL Wyatt, JA AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Solka, Jeffrey L. Rushenberg, Robert L. Wyatt, Jeffrey A. TI Literature-related discovery (LRD): Water purification SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE literature-related discovery; literature-based discovery; literature-assisted discovery; text mining; cluster filtering; latent semantic indexing; water purification; drinking water ID LATENT SEMANTIC ANALYSIS; PROTEINS AB Literature-related discovery (LRD) is the linking of two or more literature concepts that have heretofore not been linked (i.e., disjoint), in order to produce novel, interesting, plausible, and intelligible knowledge (i.e., potential discovery). LRD has two main components that differ in their methodological approach to discovery: Literature-based discovery (LBD) produces potential discovery through analysis of the technical literature alone; Literature-assisted discovery (LAD) produces potential discovery through both analysis of the technical literature and use of selected authors of that literature. These authors generate potential discovery as proposers, workshop/ panel participants, or in other active roles. The open discovery systems (ODS) component of LRD starts with a problem to be solved, and generates solutions to that problem through potential discovery. We have been using ODS LRD to identify potential treatments or preventative actions for challenging medical problems, among myriad other applications. The previous four papers in this Special Issue describe the application of ODS LRD (specifically, the ODS LBD variant) to Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP), cataracts, Parkinson's Disease (PD), and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). One goal of the present study was to determine whether LRD could be successfully applied (for the first time) to a challenging non-medical technical problem to generate potential discovery. The second goal was to explore the use of both LRD variants (LBD and LAD) to a non-medical technical problem. We selected the problem of water purification (WP) because of universal applicability and sponsor interest. We used LRD to identify purification concepts, technology components and systems that could lead to improved water purification techniques. We accessed many disparate disciplines to identify purification concepts from literatures not normally associated with water purification. We used two LBD approaches, Cluster Filtering and Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI), to search for potential discovery. We generated voluminous amounts of potential discovery, and believe we have only scratched the surface of what is possible. We also ran a short experiment using LAD to identify experts associated with potential discovery concepts, and use their expertise to generate potential discovery for water purification. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kostoff, Ronald N.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22304 USA. [Solka, Jeffrey L.] USN, Ctr Surface Weapons, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. [Wyatt, Jeffrey A.] DDL OMNI Engn LLC, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22304 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 39 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 75 IS 2 BP 256 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.techfore.2007.11.009 PG 20 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 268TA UT WOS:000253601100007 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Block, JA Solka, JRL Briggs, MB Rushenberg, RL Stump, JA Johnson, D Lyons, TJ Wyatt, JR AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Block, Joel A. Solka, Jeff-Rey L. Briggs, Michael B. Rushenberg, Robert L. Stump, Jesse A. Johnson, Dustin Lyons, Terence J. Wyatt, Jeffrey R. TI Literature-related discovery (LRD): Lessons learned,. and future research directions SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE literature-based discovery; text mining; innovation; Raynaud's phenomenon; cataracts; Parkinson's disease; multiple sclerosis; water purification ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; POTENTIAL TREATMENTS; VITAMIN-E; COMBINATIONS; RATS; PHYTOCHEMICALS; MAGNESIUM; MICE; EXPRESSION; PEPTIDES AB Literature-related discovery (LRD) is the linking of two or more literature concepts that have heretofore not been linked (i.e., disjoint), in order to produce novel, interesting, plausible, and intelligible knowledge (i.e., potential discovery). The open discovery systems (ODS) component of LRD starts with a problem to be solved, and generates solutions to that problem through potential discovery. We have been using ODS LRD to identify potential treatments or preventative actions for challenging medical problems, among myriad other applications. The five immediately preceding papers in this Special Issue describe the application of ODS LRD to Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP), cataracts, Parkinson's Disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Water Purification (WP). We describe the lessons learned from each application, and how the techniques can be improved further. Generation of much potential discovery using ODS LRD is possible when the conceptual roadblocks to discovery are removed. Some of these roadblocks include use of numerical filters that are unrelated to generating discovery, and excessive reliance on literatures directly related to the problem literature of interest. The issue of how to handle large amounts of potential discovery has not been addressed in the literature, since most ODS LRD researchers have tried to find a relatively few potential discovery items. We present a development strategy that capitalizes on the large amounts of potential discovery we have identified. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kostoff, Ronald N.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Block, Joel A.] Rush Univ, Rush Med Coll, Med Ctr, Rheumatol Sect, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Solka, Jeff-Rey L.] USN, Ctr Surface Weapons, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. [Briggs, Michael B.] Marine Corps Warfighting Lab, Arlington, VA USA. [Rushenberg, Robert L.] DDL OMNI Engn LLC, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Stump, Jesse A.] Loyola Coll, Catonsville, MD USA. [Lyons, Terence J.] Northrop Grummans Intelligence Grp, Arlington, VA USA. [Lyons, Terence J.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Wyatt, Jeffrey R.] DDL OMNI Engn LLC, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 40 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 75 IS 2 BP 276 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.techfore.2007.11.003 PG 24 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 268TA UT WOS:000253601100008 ER PT J AU Barrett, FJ Sarbin, TR AF Barrett, Frank J. Sarbin, Theodore R. TI Honor as a moral category - A historical-linguistic analysis SO THEORY & PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE historical-linguistic analysis; honor; identity; moral virtue; narrative AB In this article we trace the historical transformations of the word 'honor' in Western cultures as initially an extrinsic conception equivalent to reputation and social status and later as a moral category independent of external reference. The virtue of 'honor' is a window into the dynamics of identity maintenance. By tracing the transformations of 'honor' in different cultures through history, we can see how moral categories and notions of self-identity are related and how they evolve. We illustrate modern notions of identity by citing from a study of identity narratives of US Naval officers; we also draw upon the Dreyfus Affair as an illustration of the shift of honor from extrinsic to intrinsic moral marker. C1 [Barrett, Frank J.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business, Monterey, CA USA. [Sarbin, Theodore R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Barrett, FJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business, Monterey, CA USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0959-3543 J9 THEOR PSYCHOL JI Theory Psychol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 5 EP 25 DI 10.1177/0959354307086920 PG 21 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 277MM UT WOS:000254216800001 ER PT J AU Zwick, H Edsall, P Stuck, BE Wood, E Elliott, R Cheramie, R Hacker, H AF Zwick, H. Edsall, P. Stuck, B. E. Wood, E. Elliott, R. Cheramie, R. Hacker, H. TI Laser induced photoreceptor damage and recovery in the high numerical aperture eye of the garter snake SO VISION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE small eye; garter snake; numerical aperture; photoreceptors; leukocytes; in-vivo imaging; photoreceptor damage; recovery processes; neural plasticity ID RADIATION; RETINA; MONKEY; LIGHT AB The garter snake provides a unique model for in-vivo imaging of photoreceptor damage induced by laser retinal exposure. Laser thermal/mechanical retinal injury induced alterations in photoreceptor structure and leukocyte cellular behavior. Photoreceptors turned white, lost mode structure, and swelled; leukocyte activity was observed in the vicinity of photoreceptor cells. Non-thermal alterations were identified with a bio-tag for oxidative stress. Mechanisms of photoreceptor recovery and replacement were observed and evaluated for active cytoskeletal systems by using an anti-actin tag that could detect the presence of active cytoskeletal systems resident in photoreceptors as well as other retinal systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zwick, H.; Edsall, P.; Stuck, B. E.; Wood, E.; Hacker, H.] USAMRD, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks City Base, TX USA. [Elliott, R.; Cheramie, R.] NHRCDet, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Zwick, H (reprint author), USAMRD, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks City Base, TX USA. EM harry.zwick@brooks.af.mil NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0042-6989 J9 VISION RES JI Vision Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 486 EP 493 DI 10.1016/j.visres.2007.09.012 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Ophthalmology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Ophthalmology GA 272BG UT WOS:000253832000020 PM 18252238 ER PT J AU Mcdonald, S Robinson, S Thierfelder, K AF Mcdonald, Scott Robinson, Sherman Thierfelder, Karen TI Asian growth and trade poles: India, China, and East and Southeast Asia SO WORLD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE China; India; developing countries; regional integration; growth ID MODELS AB Using a global general equilibrium trade model, this study analyzes the impact on developing countries, of (1) the dramatic expansion of trade by India, China, and an integrated East and Southeast (E&SE) Asia trade bloc and (2) productivity growth in the region. China is an integral member of the E&SE Asia bloc, with strong links through value chains and trade in intermediate inputs, while India is not a part of any trade bloc. The analyses consider the importance of their different degrees of integration into regional and global economies, focusing on potential complementarities and competition with other developing countries. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mcdonald, Scott] Oxford Brookes Univ, Oxford OX3 0BP, England. [Robinson, Sherman] Univ Sussex, Brighton, E Sussex, England. [Thierfelder, Karen] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Mcdonald, S (reprint author), Oxford Brookes Univ, Oxford OX3 0BP, England. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-750X J9 WORLD DEV JI World Dev. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 36 IS 2 BP 210 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.06.013 PG 25 WC Economics; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 270RN UT WOS:000253738000002 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Wei, L Lu, HJ Qiu, CJ Zhao, QY AF Xu, Qin Wei, Li Lu, Huijuan Qiu, Chongjian Zhao, Qingyun TI Time-expanded sampling for ensemble-based filters: Assimilation experiments with a shallow-water equation model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL ERROR COVARIANCES; KALMAN FILTER; THEORETICAL ASPECTS; PARAMETERIZED DISCONTINUITIES; GENERALIZED ADJOINT; PHYSICAL PROCESSES; ANALYSIS SCHEME; PART I; WIND AB A time-expanded sampling is proposed for ensemble-based filters in data assimilation. This approach samples a series of (preferably three) perturbed state vectors from each prediction run in an ensemble of forecasts at properly selected time levels in the vicinity of the analysis time. As all the sampled state vectors are used to construct the ensemble and compute the covariance (with localization), the number of required prediction runs can be greatly reduced and so is the computational cost. As the sampling time interval is properly selected, the proposed approach can improve the ensemble spread and enrich the spread structures so that the filter can perform well even though the number of prediction runs is greatly reduced. Assimilation experiments are performed with a shallow-water equation model to demonstrate the potential merits and limitations of the time-expanded sampling in improving the filter performance either without conventional covariance inflation (method-A) or with optimally tuned covariance inflation and localization (method-B). C1 [Xu, Qin] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Wei, Li; Lu, Huijuan] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Lu, Huijuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Qiu, Chongjian] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Qingyun] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM qin.xu@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 31 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D2 AR D02114 DI 10.1029/2007JD008624 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 257UW UT WOS:000252825200005 ER PT J AU Huestis, MA Scheidweiler, KB Saito, T Fortner, N Abraham, T Gustafson, RA Smith, ML AF Huestis, Marilyn A. Scheidweiler, Karl B. Saito, Takeshi Fortner, Neil Abraham, Tsadik Gustafson, Richard A. Smith, Michael L. TI Excretion of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in sweat SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE THC; sweat; excretion; GC/MS; cannabinoid; marijuana ID ORAL FLUID; COCAINE USE; GC-MS; CANNABINOIDS; PATCHES; URINE; ABUSE; DISPOSITION; METABOLITES; MARIJUANA AB Sweat testing is a noninvasive technique for monitoring drug exposure over a 7-day period in treatment, criminal justice, and employment settings. We evaluated Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) excretion in 11 daily cannabis users after cessation of drug use. PharmChek(R) sweat patches worn for 7 days were analyzed for THC by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The limit of quantification (LOQ) for the method was 0.4 ng THC/patch. Sweat patches worn the first week of continuously monitored abstinence had THC above the United States Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration's proposed cutoff concentration for federal workplace testing of 1 ng THC/patch. Mean +/- S.E.M. THC concentrations were 3.85 +/- 0.86 ng THC/patch. Eight of 11 subjects had negative patches the second week and one produced THC positive patches for 4 weeks of monitored abstinence. We also tested daily and weekly sweat patches from seven subjects who were administered oral doses of up to 14.8 mg THC/day for five consecutive days. In this oral THC administration study, no daily or weekly patches had THC above the LOQ; concurrent plasma THC concentrations were all less than 6.1 mu g/L. In conclusion, using proposed federal cutoff concentrations, most daily cannabis users will have a positive sweat patch in the first week after ceasing drug use and a negative patch after subsequent weeks, although patches may remain positive for 4 weeks or more. Oral ingestion of up to 14.8 mg THC daily does not produce a THC positive sweat patch test. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Huestis, Marilyn A.; Scheidweiler, Karl B.; Saito, Takeshi; Abraham, Tsadik] NIH, Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Intramural Res Program, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Saito, Takeshi] Tokai Univ, Sch Med, Kanagawa 2591100, Japan. [Fortner, Neil] ChoicePoint Inc, Alpharetta, GA USA. [Gustafson, Richard A.] USN, Navy Drug Screening Lab, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Smith, Michael L.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, Div Forens Toxicol, Rockville, MD USA. RP Huestis, MA (reprint author), NIH, Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Intramural Res Program, 5500 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM mhuestis@intra.nida.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 DA000414-10, Z01 DA000412-10] NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD JAN 30 PY 2008 VL 174 IS 2-3 BP 173 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.04.002 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 260TR UT WOS:000253033800015 PM 17481836 ER PT J AU Mierzwa, M Pawlus, S Paluch, M Kaminska, E Ngai, KL AF Mierzwa, M. Pawlus, S. Paluch, M. Kaminska, E. Ngai, K. L. TI Correlation between primary and secondary Johari-Goldstein relaxations in supercooled liquids: Invariance to changes in thermodynamic conditions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION; ALPHA-RELAXATION; CRYSTALS; DYNAMICS; FORMERS; NEED AB The primary alpha and the secondary Johari-Goldstein (JG) beta relaxations of supercooled glass-forming neat epoxy resin and 2-picoline in mixture with tristyrene are monitored by broadband dielectric relaxation spectroscopy at ambient pressure and elevated pressures. For different combinations of pressure and temperature that maintain the alpha-relaxation time constant, the frequency dispersion of the alpha relaxation is unchanged, as previously found in other glass-formers, but remarkably the JG beta-relaxation time remains constant. This is more clear evidence of a strong connection between the alpha- and JG beta-relaxation times, a fact that should be taken into account in the construction of a viable theory of glass transition. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Mierzwa, M.; Pawlus, S.; Paluch, M.; Kaminska, E.] Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. [Ngai, K. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mierzwa, M (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. EM michal.mierzwa@us.edu.pl NR 18 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 4 AR 044512 DI 10.1063/1.2828496 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 257TK UT WOS:000252821200055 PM 18247974 ER PT J AU Petrov, GM Davis, J AF Petrov, G. M. Davis, J. TI Interaction of intense ultra-short laser pulses with dielectrics SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED ENERGY DEPOSITION; FIELD ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; IMPACT IONIZATION; MULTIPHOTON REGIME; INDUCED BREAKDOWN; SILICON DIOXIDE; INDUCED DAMAGE; CLUSTERS; PROPAGATION; NANOSECOND AB The interaction of intense ultra-short laser pulses with dielectrics is studied theoretically using a one-dimensional simulation model. The curl Maxwell's equations are solved coupled to the electron continuity, momentum and energy equations. What is new and innovative in our approach is the application of the 'forest fire' method to describe the optical field ionization. The cumulative action of the applied laser field and holes in the dielectric, created during ionization events, enhances the optical field ionization rate by orders of magnitude speeding up the electron avalanche development in the early times of the ionization dynamics. For peak laser intensity of about 10(17) W m(-2) (10(13) W cm(-2)) the 'forest fire' model plays a major role in the ionization dynamics and increases the electron density by two orders of magnitude. The underlying mechanisms leading to electron avalanche in dielectrics are investigated for peak laser intensities between 10(16) and 3 x 10(18) W m(-2) and laser pulse durations between 10 fs and 1 ps. It was established that the dominant process for electron multiplication depends only on the laser fluence: forF < 4 kJ m(-2) (F < 0.4 J cm(-2)) the cumulative optical field ionization rate exceeds the collisional ionization rate, while forF > 4kJ m(-2) (F > 0.4 J cm(-2)) the collisional ionization is the dominant ionization mechanism. Since for laser pulse duration exceeding 20 fs the threshold for dielectric damage of SiO(2) is at least F(thr) > 15 kJ m(-2) (Fthr > 1.5 J cm(-2)) (Lenzner et al 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 4076), the primary cause for dielectric damage is an electron avalanche due to collisional ionization. C1 [Petrov, G. M.; Davis, J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petrov, GM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM george.petrov@nrl.navy.mil; jack.davis@nrl.navy.mil NR 38 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 2 AR 025601 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/41/2/025601 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 259BT UT WOS:000252914800023 ER PT J AU Ralchenko, Y Draganic, IN Tan, JN Gillaspy, JD Pomeroy, JM Reader, J Feldman, U Holland, GE AF Ralchenko, Yu Draganic, I. N. Tan, J. N. Gillaspy, J. D. Pomeroy, J. M. Reader, J. Feldman, U. Holland, G. E. TI EUV spectra of highly-charged ions W(54+)-W(63+) relevant to ITER diagnostics SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LEVELS; EBIT; RECOMBINATION; STATE; WAVELENGTHS; EVOLUTION; TRAP AB We report the first measurements and detailed analysis of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectra (4-20 nm) of highly-charged tungsten ions W(54+) to W(63+) obtained with an electron beam ion trap (EBIT). Collisional-radiative modelling is used to identify strong electric-dipole and magnetic-dipole transitions in all ionization stages. These lines can be used for impurity transport studies and temperature diagnostics in fusion reactors, such as ITER. Identifications of prominent lines from several W ions are confirmed by the measurement of isoelectronic EUV spectra of Hf, Ta and Au. We also discuss the importance of charge-exchange recombination for the correct description of ionization balance in the EBIT plasma. C1 [Ralchenko, Yu; Draganic, I. N.; Tan, J. N.; Gillaspy, J. D.; Pomeroy, J. M.; Reader, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Feldman, U.] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Feldman, U.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Holland, G. E.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Ralchenko, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yuri.ralchenko@nist.gov RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 NR 28 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 2 AR 021003 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/41/2/021003 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 259BT UT WOS:000252914800003 ER PT J AU Butler, JE Oleynik, I AF Butler, James E. Oleynik, Ivan TI A mechanism for crystal twinning in the growth of diamond by chemical vapour deposition SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Discussion Meeting on Carbon-Based Electronics - Fundamentals and Device Applications CY MAY, 2007 CL Royal Soc, London, ENGLAND HO Royal Soc DE diamond; twinning; chemical vapour deposition; nitrogen ID ATOMIC-SCALE SIMULATIONS; CVD DIAMOND; FILMS; NITROGEN; ORIGIN; DEFECT AB A model for the formation of crystal twins in chemical vapour deposited diamond materials is presented. The twinning mechanism originates from the formation of a hydrogen-terminated four carbon atom cluster on a local {111} surface morphology, which also serves as a nucleus to the next layer of growth. Subsequent growth proceeds by reaction at the step edges with one and two carbon atom-containing species. The model also provides an explanation for the high defect concentration observed in < 111 > growth sectors, the formation of penetration and contact twins, and the dramatic enhancement in polycrystalline diamond growth rates and morphology changes when small amounts of nitrogen are added to the plasma-assisted growth environments. C1 [Butler, James E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Oleynik, Ivan] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Butler, JE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 6174, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.butler@nrl.navy.mil RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Oleynik, Ivan/R-5004-2016 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Oleynik, Ivan/0000-0002-5348-6484 NR 28 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD JAN 28 PY 2008 VL 366 IS 1863 BP 295 EP 310 DI 10.1098/rsta.2007.2152 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 245IA UT WOS:000251927100013 PM 18024361 ER PT J AU Kourkoutis, LF Hellberg, CS Vaithyanathan, V Li, H Parker, MK Andersen, KE Schlom, DG Muller, DA AF Kourkoutis, L. Fitting Hellberg, C. Stephen Vaithyanathan, V. Li, Hao Parker, M. K. Andersen, K. E. Schlom, D. G. Muller, D. A. TI Imaging the phase separation in atomically thin buried SrTiO3 layers by electron channeling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; FIELD STEM IMAGES; BAND OFFSETS; SILICON; INTERFACE; GROWTH; OXIDES; RESOLUTION; CONTRAST; ATOMS AB A phase-separation instability, resulting in the dewetting of thin SrTiO3 films grown on Si(100) is shown by scanning transmission electron microscopy. Plan-view imaging of 1-nm thick, buried SrTiO3 films was achieved by exploiting electron channeling through the substrate to focus the incident 0.2 nm beam down to a 0.04 nm diameter, revealing a nonuniform coverage by epitaxial SrTiO3 islands and 2x1 Sr-covered regions. Density-functional calculations predict the ground state is a coexistence of 2x1 Sr-reconstructed Si and Sr-deficient SrTiO3, in correspondence with the observed islanding. C1 [Kourkoutis, L. Fitting; Parker, M. K.; Muller, D. A.] Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hellberg, C. Stephen; Andersen, K. E.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Vaithyanathan, V.; Schlom, D. G.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Li, Hao] Motorola Inc, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP Kourkoutis, LF (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010; Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013; OI Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113; Kourkoutis, Lena/0000-0002-1303-1362 NR 29 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 25 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 AR 036101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.036101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 255ZU UT WOS:000252698100059 PM 18233004 ER PT J AU England, SL Immel, TJ Huba, JD AF England, S. L. Immel, T. J. Huba, J. D. TI Modeling the longitudinal variation in the post-sunset far-ultraviolet OI airglow using the SAMI2 model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LOW-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE AB Recent global-scale observations of the low-latitude airglow bands associated with the equatorial ionospheric anomaly ( EIA) have revealed a longitudinal variation in the brightness and latitude of the peak airglow emission. For vernal equinox conditions, both of these display a wave number-four pattern when plotted in a constant-local-time frame. It has been proposed that variations in the neutral-wind driven dynamo electric fields from the E-region are responsible for this pattern. Additionally, measurements of the electric fields in the E-region have shown a wave number-four pattern similar to that of the EIA. Here we use the SAMI2 model, that includes a detailed description of ion photochemistry and transport, to demonstrate that the recently observed zonal variations in the E-region dynamo electric fields are sufficient to explain the observed variation in brightness and latitude of the airglow bands for these conditions. The vertical drifts associated with E-region dynamo fields in the SAMI2 model are modified to produce simulations that represent the locations of a maximum and minimum in the wave number-four pattern. The simulated airglow changes such that the brightness of the maximum case is similar to 40% higher than the peak in the minimum case and the latitude of the peak brightness in the maximum case is located 3 degrees poleward of the peak in the minimum case. Both of these results compare favorably with, and even exceed, the observed variations. This result adds quantitative support to the above stated mechanism. The effect of changes in the drifts at different local time periods on the nighttime airglow is also assessed. It is seen that changes at all local time periods make a significant contribution to the total change in the airglow, with the most significant being close to local noon and during the late afternoon. C1 [England, S. L.; Immel, T. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Huba, J. D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP England, SL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM england@ssl.berkeley.edu NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 23 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A1 AR A01309 DI 10.1029/2007JA012536 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 256UD UT WOS:000252754500002 ER PT J AU Burke, AA Carreiro, LG Greene, ES AF Burke, A. Alan Carreiro, Louis G. Greene, Eric S. TI Carbide-based fuel system for undersea vehicles SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE calcium carbide; acetylene; SOFC; UUV propulsion ID CELL; HYDROGENATION; FEASIBILITY; CATALYSTS; ETHANE; ANODE AB In underwater applications such as unmanned undersea vehicle (UUV) propulsion, mass and volume constraints often dictate system energy density and specific energy, which are targeted to exceed 300 Wh L-1 and 300 Wh kg(-1), respectively, in order to compete with state-of-the-art battery technologies. To address this need, a novel carbide-based fuel system (CFS) intended for use with a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is under development that is capable of achieving these energy metrics as well as sequestering carbon dioxide. The proposed CFS uses calcium carbide and calcium hydride that react with water to generate acetylene and hydrogen as the fuel and calcium hydroxide as a carbon dioxide scrubber. The acetylene is hydrogenated to ethane and then reformed to syngas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) before being utilized by the SOFC. Carbon dioxide effluent from the SOFC is reacted with the calcium hydroxide to produce a storable solid, calcium carbonate, thus eliminating gas evolution from the UUV A system configuration is proposed and discussion follows concerning energy storage metrics, operational parameters and preliminary safety analysis. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Burke, A. Alan; Carreiro, Louis G.; Greene, Eric S.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Burke, AA (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St,Bldg 1302-2, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM burkeaa@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 21 PY 2008 VL 176 IS 1 BP 299 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.10.008 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 257UE UT WOS:000252823400041 ER PT J AU Fuentes, MCL Demoulin, P Klimchuk, JA AF Fuentes, M. C. Lopez Demoulin, P. Klimchuk, J. A. TI Are constant loop widths an artifact of the background and the spatial resolution? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : UV radiation ID X-RAY TELESCOPE; CORONAL LOOPS; TRANSITION-REGION; SOLAR CORONA; TRACE; EXPLORER; FILTER; MOSS AB We study the effect of the coronal background in the determination of the diameter of EUV loops, and we analyze the suitability of the procedure followed in a previous paper for characterizing their expansion properties. For the analysis we create different synthetic loops, and we place them on real backgrounds from data obtained with the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE). We apply to these loops the same procedure followed in our previous works, and we compare the results with real loop observations. We demonstrate that the procedure allows us to distinguish constant width loops from loops that expand appreciably with height, as predicted by simple force-free field models. This holds even for loops near the resolution limit. The procedure can easily determine when loops are below the resolution limit and therefore not reliably measured. We find that small-scale variations in the measured loop width are likely due to imperfections in the background subtraction. The greatest errors occur in especially narrow loops and in places where the background is especially bright relative to the loop. We stress, however, that these effects do not impact the ability to measure large-scale variations. The result that observed loops do not expand systematically with height is robust. C1 [Fuentes, M. C. Lopez] CONICET UBA, Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Fuentes, M. C. Lopez; Klimchuk, J. A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fuentes, M. C. Lopez] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Demoulin, P.] CNRS, UMR 8109, LESIA, Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. RP Fuentes, MCL (reprint author), CONICET UBA, Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, CC 67,Suc 28, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012; OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305; Lopez Fuentes, Marcelo/0000-0001-8830-4022; Demoulin, Pascal/0000-0001-8215-6532 NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2008 VL 673 IS 1 BP 586 EP 597 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RH UT WOS:000253454200045 ER PT J AU Kucera, TA Landi, E AF Kucera, T. A. Landi, E. TI An observation of low-level heating in an erupting prominence SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : prominences; Sun : UV radiation ID ABSORPTION FEATURES; TRANSITION REGION; KINK INSTABILITY; EUV-FILAMENT; ULTRAVIOLET MEASUREMENTS; DYNAMIC EVOLUTION; CORONAL EXPLORER; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; SOLAR AB Here we present multiwavelength observations of low-level heating in an erupting prominence observed in the UV and EUV over a wide range of temperatures and wavelengths by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) instrument and the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer ( TRACE), and also in H alpha by the Yunnan Astronomical Observatory. The eruption occurred on 2004 April 30. The heating is relatively mild, leading only to the ionization of hydrogen and helium. It is also localized, occurring along the bottom edge of the erupting prominence and in a kinklike feature in the prominence. The heating is revealed as a decrease in the Lyman absorption relative to other parts of the prominence. This decrease results in an apparent increase in emission in all the lines observed by SUMER, especially those formed at temperatures of similar to 10(5) K. However, this is due to the disappearance of cooler absorbing material in the prominence rather than to an increase in these higher temperature species. These observations suggest that there may be low-level heating occurring in other erupting prominences that do not show heating to coronal temperatures. They also indicate that the prominence-corona transition region is best modeled with two or more structures along the line of sight. We discuss the results in terms of models of heating in erupting prominences and observations of Lyman absorption in prominences. C1 [Kucera, T. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Landi, E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Landi, E.] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21402 USA. RP Kucera, TA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 671, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Therese.A.Kucera@nasa.gov RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011; Kucera, Therese/C-9558-2012; OI Kucera, Therese/0000-0001-9632-447X NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2008 VL 673 IS 1 BP 611 EP 620 DI 10.1086/523694 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RH UT WOS:000253454200047 ER PT J AU Biffinger, JC Byrd, JN Dudley, BL Ringeisen, BR AF Biffinger, Justin C. Byrd, Jacqueline N. Dudley, Breanna L. Ringeisen, Bradley R. TI Oxygen exposure promotes fuel diversity for Shewanella oneidensis microbial fuel cells SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE microbial fuel cell (MFC); aerobic; carbohydrate; Shewanella oneidensis ID INITIAL CARBON-SOURCES; ELECTRICITY-GENERATION; WASTE-WATER; FE(III)-REDUCING BACTERIUM; ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION; ELECTRON-ACCEPTORS; REDUCING BACTERIUM; REDUCTION; PUTREFACIENS; METABOLISM AB Miniature microbial fuel cells (mini-MFCs) were used to monitor the current generated by Shewanella oneidensis DSP10 under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions when exposed to glucose as a potential electron donor. In addition to glucose, other carbon fuels including fructose, sucrose, acetate, and ascorbic acid were also tested. When the anolyte containing S. oneidensis was grown in the presence of oxygen, power densities of 270 +/- 10, 350 +/- 20, and 120 +/- 10 W/m(3) were recorded from the mini-MFC for glucose, fructose, and ascorbic acid electron donors, respectively, while sucrose and acetate produced no response. The power produced from glucose decreased considerably (<= 100 W/m(3)) if strictly anaerobic conditions were maintained. Based on the previously published proteomic and genomic literature on S. oneidensis, this reduction in power output is most likely due to the differential expression of proteins by these bacteria when grown under oxygen-rich or anoxic conditions. The power densities generated from the mini-MFC exposed to oxygen led to significant changes in current production over time with repeated feedings of these carbon nutrients. This work expands the breadth of potential electron donors for S. oneidensis MFCs and demonstrates the importance of studying microbial anolytes under diverse environmental conditions. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Biffinger, Justin C.; Byrd, Jacqueline N.; Dudley, Breanna L.; Ringeisen, Bradley R.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ringeisen@nrl.navy.mil NR 39 TC 86 Z9 90 U1 5 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 23 IS 6 BP 820 EP 826 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2007.08.021 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 257HO UT WOS:000252790000009 PM 17931851 ER PT J AU Martins, GHA Dell, RF AF Martins, Gustavo H. A. Dell, Robert F. TI Solving the pallet loading problem SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE packing; pallet loading; combinatorial optimization ID 2-DIMENSIONAL CUTTING PROBLEMS; PACKING PROBLEMS; STOCK PROBLEMS; ALGORITHM AB This paper presents new bounds, heuristics, and an exact algorithm for the Pallet Loading Problem (PLP). PLP maximizes the number of boxes placed on a rectangular pallet. All boxes have identical rectangular dimensions and, when placed, must be located completely within the pallet. Boxes may be rotated 90 degrees so long as they are placed with edges parallel to the pallet's edges. The set of all PLP instances with an area ratio (pallet area divided by box area) less than 101 boxes can be represented by 3,080,730 equivalent classes. Our G5-heuristic finds optimal solutions to 3,073,724 of these 3,080,730 classes and in the remaining 7006 classes only differs from the best known bound by one box. We develop three other heuristics that solve another 54 instances. Finally, we solve the 6952 remaining classes with our exact HVZ algorithm. Only a subset of these classes has been solved previously. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Brazilian Navy, Ctr Naval Syst Anal, BR-20000 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Dell, RF (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dell@nps.edu NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 EI 1872-6860 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD JAN 16 PY 2008 VL 184 IS 2 BP 429 EP 440 DI 10.1016/j.ejor.2006.11.012 PG 12 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 219IM UT WOS:000250078100003 ER PT J AU Smith, ED Vinson, NA Zhong, D Berrang, BD Catanzaro, JL Thomas, JB Navarro, HA Gilmour, BP Deschamps, J Carrolla, FI AF Smith, Emilie D. Vinson, N. Ariane Zhong, Desong Berrang, Bertold D. Catanzaro, Jennifer L. Thomas, James B. Navarro, Hernan A. Gilmour, Brian P. Deschamps, Jeffrey Carrolla, F. Ivy TI A new synthesis of the ORL-1 antagonist 1-1(3R,4R)-1-cyclooctrlmethyl-3-hydroxymethyl-4-piperidinyl]3-ethyl-1,3- dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one (J-113397) and activity in a calcium mobilization assay SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; ORPHANIN FQ; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; HIPPOCAMPUS; PEPTIDE; YEAST; MICE; RAT AB A new chiral synthesis of the ORL-1 antagonist 1-[(3R,4R)-1-cyclooctylmethyl-3-hydroxymethyl-4-piperidinyl]-3-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benziinidazol-2-one (2, J-113397) was developed. J-113397 has a K-e = 0.85 nM in an ORL-1 calcium mobilization assay and is 89-, 887-, and 227-fold selective for the ORL-1 receptor relative to the p, 6, and K opioid receptors. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Smith, Emilie D.; Vinson, N. Ariane; Zhong, Desong; Berrang, Bertold D.; Catanzaro, Jennifer L.; Thomas, James B.; Navarro, Hernan A.; Gilmour, Brian P.; Carrolla, F. Ivy] Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey] USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carrolla, FI (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM fic@rti.org FU NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA009045, R37 DA005477-18, R01 DA005477, R37 DA005477, R37 DA005477-17, R01 DA009045-13, DA09045, R37 DA005477-18S1, R37 DA005477-16, DA05477] NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 2 BP 822 EP 829 DI 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.10.023 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 268LO UT WOS:000253581500022 PM 17976996 ER PT J AU Gallant, FM Prickett, SE Cesarec, M Bruck, HA AF Gallant, Frederick M. Prickett, Suzanne E. Cesarec, Mario Bruck, Hugh A. TI Ingredient and processing effects on the burning rates of composite rocket propellants utilizing a reduced-run mixture-process experiment design SO CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE design of experiments; mixture experiment; process variables; response surface ID PROCESS VARIABLES; MODELS AB Composite propellants are now being processed using twin screw extrusion (TSE) to enhance process safety, reduce production costs, minimize lot-to-lot variation, and in some cases, enhance performance. The process is a complex system consisting of multiple ingredient streams feeding into a continuous mixer with an output through an extrusion die producing a structure that is cut into 30-in. lengths of solid composite propellant. By exploiting transient effects of ingredient feeding rate changes during processing, the TSE can be used to easily process composite propellants over wide composition ranges to vary properties for creating rocket motor grains with compositional gradients or to develop new formulations through a combinatorial approach. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a systematic approach for quantifying ingredient and processing effects in TSE on composite propellants processed in a steady-state to serve as a baseline for comparison with composite propellants processed in a transient-state. Such an approach is described using a reduced-run mixture-process experiment design based on the KCV algorithm to minimize the number of samples required for testing over a wide composition range. A corresponding response surface analysis of the results from these experiments indicates a significant dependence of burning rate on both ingredients and processing conditions. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gallant, Frederick M.; Prickett, Suzanne E.; Cesarec, Mario] NSWC, IHDIV, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Bruck, Hugh A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD USA. RP Gallant, FM (reprint author), NSWC, IHDIV, 101 Strauss Ave, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM frederick.gallant@navy.mil; suzanne.prickett@navy.mil; mario.cesarec@navy.mil; bruck@eng.umd.edu NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7439 J9 CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB JI Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 90 IS 1 BP 49 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.chemolab.2007.08.007 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA 254JX UT WOS:000252584000007 ER PT J AU Esenturk, O Melinger, JS Heilweil, EJ AF Esenturk, Okan Melinger, Joseph S. Heilweil, Edwin J. TI Terahertz mobility measurements on poly-3-hexylthiophene films: Device comparison, molecular weight, and film processing effects SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); MORPHOLOGY; POLYTHIOPHENE; PERFORMANCE AB We directly compare relative carrier mobilities in semiconducting organic polymer films measured using noncontact optical pump terahertz (THz) probe spectroscopy to those reported in electrical device studies. Relative transient signal amplitude measurements of photoinjected carrier mobility as a function of poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) molecular weight correlate directly with electrical device test values, indicating that the THz method shows promise as a rapid material screening approach. We also present measurements on P3HT conducting films as a function of structural regularity, dispersing solvent, addition of C(60) electron traps, sample temperature, and other growth parameters relevant to device manufacture. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Esenturk, Okan; Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Melinger, Joseph S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Heilweil, EJ (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edwin.heilweil@nist.gov RI Esenturk, Okan/C-1187-2008; OI Esenturk, Okan/0000-0001-6539-4344 NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 2 AR 023102 DI 10.1063/1.2828028 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 257TJ UT WOS:000252821100002 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, PR Beal, DN Menozzi, A AF Bandyopadhyay, Promode R. Beal, David N. Menozzi, Alberico TI Biorobotic insights into how animals swim SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biorobotics; flying; high-lift; swimming ID HOVERING INSECT FLIGHT; POWER REQUIREMENTS; PROPULSIVE EFFICIENCY; OSCILLATING FOILS; WING ROTATION; AERODYNAMICS; VEHICLES; FORCES; LIFT; HYDRODYNAMICS AB Many animals maneuver superbly underwater using their pectoral appendages. These animals range from sunfish, which have flexible, low aspect ratio fins, to penguins, which have relatively stiff, high aspect ratio wings. Biorobotics is a means of gaining insight into the mechanisms these animals use for maneuvering. In this study, experiments were carried out with models of abstracted penguin wings, and hydrodynamic characteristics - in particular, efficiency - were measured directly. A cross-flow vortex model of the unsteady force mechanism was developed that can compute instantaneous lift and drag forces accurately. This makes use of the steady characteristics of the fin and proposes that cross-flow drag vortices of bluff bodies in steady flow are analogous to dynamic stall vortices and that fin oscillation is a means for keeping the vortices attached to the fin. From what has been reported for sunfish with pectoral fins to our current measurements for single abstracted penguin wings, we infer that the maximum hydrodynamic efficiency has remained largely unchanged. A selection algorithm was used to rapidly find the fin oscillation parameters for optimum efficiency. Finally, we compared the measurements on the penguin-like relatively stiff fins and the reported flow visualization of flexible sunfish pectoral fins. The flexible pectoral fins of station-keeping sunfish exhibit a rich repertoire of capability such as the formation of dynamic stall vortices simultaneously on two leading edges during part of the cycle, changes in projected area in different planes, and the vectoring of jets. However, such fins may not be scalable to larger biorobotic vehicles and relatively stiff fins appear to be better suited instead, albeit with somewhat limited station-keeping ability. C1 [Bandyopadhyay, Promode R.; Beal, David N.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Bandyopadhyay, PR (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM bandyopadhyaypr@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 29 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 15 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 211 IS 2 BP 206 EP 214 DI 10.1242/jeb.012161 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 263CX UT WOS:000253196300008 PM 18165248 ER PT J AU Eck, TF Holben, BN Reid, JS Sinyuk, A Dubovik, O Smirnov, A Giles, D O'Neill, NT Tsay, SC Ji, Q Al Mandoos, A Khan, MR Reid, EA Schafer, JS Sorokine, M Newcomb, W Slutsker, I AF Eck, T. F. Holben, B. N. Reid, J. S. Sinyuk, A. Dubovik, O. Smirnov, A. Giles, D. O'Neill, N. T. Tsay, S. -C. Ji, Q. Al Mandoos, A. Khan, M. Ramzan Reid, E. A. Schafer, J. S. Sorokine, M. Newcomb, W. Slutsker, I. TI Spatial and temporal variability of column-integrated aerosol optical properties in the southern Arabian Gulf and United Arab Emirates in summer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; ACE-ASIA; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; WATER-VAPOR; IN-SITU; AERONET; DEPTH; DUST AB A mesoscale network of 14 AERONET Sun photometers was established in the UAE and adjacent Arabian Gulf from August through September 2004 as a component of the United Arab Emirates Unified Aerosol Experiment (UAE 2). These measurements allowed for spatial, temporal and spectral characterization of the complex aerosol mixtures present in this environment where coarse mode desert dust aerosols often mix with fine mode pollution aerosols largely produced by the petroleum industry. Aerosol loading was relatively high with 2-month averages of aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm (tau(a500)) ranging from 0.40 to 0.53. A higher fine mode fraction of AOD was observed over Arabian Gulf island sites with Angstrom exponent at 440-870 nm (alpha 440-870) of 0.77 as compared to an average of 0.64 over coastal sites and 0.50-0.57 at inland desert sites. During pollution events with alpha(440-870) > 1 the retrieved fine mode radius was larger over an island site than a desert site probably because of hygroscopic growth over the humid marine environment. For these same pollution cases, single scattering albedo (omega(o)) at all wavelengths was similar to 0.03 higher (less absorption) over the marine environment than over the desert, also consistent with aerosol humidification growth. At an inland desert location, the omega(o) at 440 nm remained relatively constant as Angstrom exponent varied since the fine mode pollution and coarse mode dust were both strong absorbers at short wavelengths. However, at longer wavelengths (675-1020 nm) the dust was much less absorbing than the pollution resulting in dynamic omega(o) as a function of a 440-870. C1 [Eck, T. F.; Smirnov, A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Eck, T. F.; Holben, B. N.; Sinyuk, A.; Smirnov, A.; Giles, D.; Tsay, S. -C.; Ji, Q.; Schafer, J. S.; Sorokine, M.; Newcomb, W.; Slutsker, I.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Reid, J. S.; Reid, E. A.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Sinyuk, A.; Giles, D.; Schafer, J. S.; Sorokine, M.; Newcomb, W.; Slutsker, I.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Dubovik, O.] Univ Lille, Opt Atmospher Lab, Villeneuve Dascq, France. [O'Neill, N. T.] Univ Sherbrooke, CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Ji, Q.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Al Mandoos, A.; Khan, M. Ramzan] Minist Presidential Affairs, Dept Atmospher Studies, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. RP Eck, TF (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RI Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009; Schafer, Joel/A-3978-2010; Smirnov, Alexander/C-2121-2009; ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Tsay, Si-Chee/J-1147-2014 OI Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; NR 35 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D1 AR D01204 DI 10.1029/2007JD008944 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 254EC UT WOS:000252568200001 ER PT J AU Sanghera, JS Florea, CM Shaw, LB Pureza, P Nguyen, VQ Bashkansky, M Dutton, Z Aggarwal, ID AF Sanghera, J. S. Florea, C. M. Shaw, L. B. Pureza, P. Nguyen, V. Q. Bashkansky, M. Dutton, Z. Aggarwal, I. D. TI Non-linear properties of chalcogenide glasses and fibers SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on the Physics of Non-Crystalline Solids CY OCT 29-NOV 03, 2006 CL Rhodes Isl, GREECE DE phonons; brillouin scattering; Raman scattering; infra-red fibers; optical fibers; chalcogenides; non-linear optics ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-FIBERS; SULFIDE GLASSES; RAMAN; SLOW; AMPLIFIER AB High purity chalcogenide glasses were prepared in the series As2S(3-x)Sex where x = 0 to 3. The measured third order non-linearities increase with the value of x, and are up to about 1000 times larger than silica for As2Se3 glass. We show that the anharmonic oscillator model, using the normalized photon energy, gives an excellent fit to the data over three orders of magnitude. Single mode optical fibers based on As2S3 and As2Se3 glasses have been fabricated using the double crucible technique and the Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) investigated. The threshold intensity for the SBS process was measured and used to estimate the Brillouin gain coefficient. Preliminary results indicate record high values for the figure of merit and theoretical gain, compared to silica, which bodes well for slow-light based applications in chalcogenide fibers. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sanghera, J. S.; Shaw, L. B.; Pureza, P.; Nguyen, V. Q.; Bashkansky, M.; Dutton, Z.; Aggarwal, I. D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Florea, C. M.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Sanghera, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sanghera@nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 74 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 354 IS 2-9 BP 462 EP 467 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.06.104 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 258IE UT WOS:000252860800067 ER PT J AU Mazin, II AF Mazin, Igor I. TI Vitaly Ginzburg and high temperature superconductivity: Personal reminiscences SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CUPROUS CHLORIDE AB This article is an attempt to give Western readers, as well as young researchers in Russia, a glance at the atmosphere in one of the leading physics institutions in the USSR from 1977-1988, through the eye of a graduate student and later a posdoc in the theory group led by Vitaly Ginzburg, arguably the most enthusiatic proponent of high-temperature superconductivity before the discovery of Bednorz and Muller. This is a very personal narration, wherein the events of my own life and career are inevitably intertwined with scientific events and with my reminiscences of great Russian physicists whom I had the pleasure to meet with while working in the "High-Temperature Superconductivity Section" at the Lebedev Institute within the aforementioned 12 years. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mazin@nrl.navy.mil RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 468 IS 2 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2007.08.015 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 272EV UT WOS:000253843600004 ER PT J AU Stemper, BD Yoganandan, N Pintar, FA Maiman, DJ Meyer, MA DeRosia, J Shender, BS Paskoff, G AF Stemper, Brian D. Yoganandan, Narayan Pintar, Frank A. Maiman, Dennis J. Meyer, Mark A. DeRosia, John Shender, Barry S. Paskoff, Glenn TI Anatomical gender differences in cervical vertebrae of size-matched volunteers SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE cervical spine; gender; anatomy; CT; injuries; biomechanics ID WHIPLASH INJURY; NORMAL RANGE; BODY-SIZE; SPINE; KINEMATICS; DIMENSIONS; DENSITY; MOTION; MALES AB Study Design. Clinical literature consistently identifies women as more susceptible to trauma-related neck pain, commonly resulting from soft tissue cervical spine injury. Structural gender differences may explain altered response to dynamic loading in women leading to increased soft tissue distortion and greater injury susceptibility. Objective. Identify anatomic gender differences in cervical spinal geometry that contribute to decreased column stability in women. Summary of Background Data. Previous studies investigating male and female vertebral and vertebral body geometry demonstrated female vertebral dimensions were smaller. However, populations were not size matched and parameters related to biomechanical stability were not reported. Methods. Computed tomography scans of the cervical spine were obtained from size-matched young healthy volunteers. Geometrical dimensions were obtained at the C4 level and analysis of variance determined significant gender differences. Results. Two volunteer subsets were size matched based on sitting height and head circumference. All geometrical measures were greater in men for both subsets. Vertebral width and disc-facet depth were significantly greater in men. Additionally, segmental support area, combining interfacet width and disc-facet depth, was greater in men, indicating more stable intervertebral coupling. Conclusion. Present results of decreased linear and areal cervical dimensions leading to decreased column stability may partially explain increased traumatic injury rates in women. C1 [Stemper, Brian D.; Yoganandan, Narayan; Pintar, Frank A.; Maiman, Dennis J.; Meyer, Mark A.; DeRosia, John] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Stemper, Brian D.; Yoganandan, Narayan; Pintar, Frank A.; Maiman, Dennis J.; Meyer, Mark A.; DeRosia, John] Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Milwaukee, WI USA. [Shender, Barry S.; Paskoff, Glenn] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Stemper, BD (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM stemps@mcw.edu NR 32 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP E44 EP E49 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 267XM UT WOS:000253542500024 PM 18197090 ER PT J AU Huang, L Massa, L Bernal, I Karle, J AF Huang, Lulu Massa, Lou Bernal, Ivan Karle, Jerome TI The OH- anion acting as an acid SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; DENSITY; ENERGY; REACTIVITY; COMPLEXES; HYDROGEN; GRADIENT; STORAGE AB In the crystalline state, the OH- anion is shown to be capable of acting as a base or as an acid with respect to waters of crystallization to which it is linked by hydrogen bonds. We examined the OH- anion in three crystalline samples and studied its behavior using quantum mechanics. Four quantum mechanical approximations were employed (HF, B3LYP, SVWN, and MP2) to obtain the relative stability of isomers of the H3O2- molecule in the three crystals considered. In one crystal state (LICQIX), the H3O2- anion corresponds to a geometry in which OH- acts as an acid, but not so as a free molecule. The free anion H3O2- has two qualitatively different structures. In one structure, the hydrogen bond is long, while in the other structure, the hydrogen bond is shorter and the hydrogen atom lies at an equal distance between donor and acceptor oxygen atoms. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Huang, Lulu; Karle, Jerome] USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Massa, Lou] CUNY, Grad Ctr, CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Bernal, Ivan] Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Huang, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM huang@nrl.navy.mil FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-03037]; NIGMS NIH HHS [S06GM606654] NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 2 AR 024703 DI 10.1063/1.2821105 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 252MH UT WOS:000252450100029 PM 18205462 ER PT J AU Miller, SD Kuciauskas, AP Liu, M Ji, Q Reid, JS Breed, DW Walker, AL Al Mandoos, A AF Miller, Steven D. Kuciauskas, Arunas P. Liu, Ming Ji, Qiang Reid, Jeffrey S. Breed, Daniel W. Walker, Annette L. Al Mandoos, Abdulla TI Haboob dust storms of the southern Arabian Peninsula SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; AIRBORNE MINERAL AEROSOLS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; ISOLATED MICROBURST; SAHARAN DUST; MODEL; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; CLOUDS; MICROPHYSICS AB The Arabic word "haboob,'' meaning "strong wind,'' describes a weather phenomenon characterized by immense walls of blowing sand and dust. Common to many parts of the Middle East, northern Africa, and the southwestern United States, haboobs are spawned by strong mesoscale downdrafts, making their prediction by coarse-grid numerical models difficult in comparison to dust forced by synoptic-scale dynamics. The United Arab Emirates Unified Aerosol Experiment (UAE(2)), an extensive field program conducted over the southeastern Arabian Peninsula during the summer of 2004, provided a unique opportunity to observe the haboob activity common to this region by way of a large assortment of satellite, radar, lidar, and meteorological station network observations. Here, we present results based on the UAE(2) data set which add insight to the formation processes, multiscale structure, and transient behavior of haboobs as well as their potential importance to the regional aerosol burden. Satellite imagery and surface radar data assisted in the interpretation of highly dynamic storm evolution and outflow interactions. An idealized model of haboob dust production, parameterized by the strength and duration of the downburst, suggested that haboobs could be responsible for a nonnegligible component of the regional-scale total dust production (up to 30% over a 1000 x 1000 km domain). C1 [Ji, Qiang] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Breed, Daniel W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Kuciauskas, Arunas P.; Liu, Ming; Reid, Jeffrey S.; Walker, Annette L.] USN, Res Lab, Satellite Meteorol Applicat Sect, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Al Mandoos, Abdulla] Minist Presidential Affairs, Dept Atmospher Studies, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. RP Miller, SD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Foothills Campus,1375 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM miller@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 NR 78 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 12 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D1 AR D01202 DI 10.1029/2007JD008550 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 251GX UT WOS:000252362400002 ER PT J AU Livingston, W Sheeley, NR AF Livingston, W. Sheeley, N. R., Jr. TI Limits to the radiative asymmetry of the quiet solar disk SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE line : formation; planetary systems; Sun : chromosphere; Sun : faculae, plages; Sun : granulation; Sun : photosphere ID DIURNAL MOTION; APRIL 1981; DIAMETER; LINES; SPECTRUM AB Precise data on the uniformity of photospheric radiation over the solar disk seems not to exist. Such information is necessary to separate the radiative behavior of the quiet basal atmosphere from the active (magnetic) atmosphere. Is the latter the sole source of known irradiance variation? How uniform can a solar-like stellar disk be? To obtain this information we have made monochromatic scans along the central meridian of the quiet Sun using single element detectors which do not require flat fielding. The scans were in continua and in selected Fraunhofer lines ranging from 3134 to 46880 angstrom; the observational epoch was near solar minimum: 2006 October to 2007 February. The meridian was chosen to avoid rotational Doppler shifts. We extract the asymmetry between the north and south hemispheres and present it as our main product. In the near-infrared and visible continuum, averaging over granulation and avoiding sunspots, we found that such asymmetry was as low as 0.05% ( at 34168 angstrom on 2007 February 8). In the violet and ultraviolet this asymmetry typically increases to 1%. Asymmetry is larger in the cores of the medium strong photospheric and chromospheric lines, which refer to higher levels in the atmosphere, and may reach 15%. The contrast of faculae increases in the blue ( and with improved spatial resolution or seeing), and is the probable source for the measured asymmetries. We also find that line core scans are in general flatter than continuum scans. C1 [Livingston, W.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Natl Solar Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Sheeley, N. R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Livingston, W (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, Natl Solar Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. EM wcl@nso.edu; sheeley@spruce.nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 2 BP 1228 EP 1236 DI 10.1086/523643 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RG UT WOS:000253454100045 ER PT J AU Stephan, AW Meier, RR Paxton, LJ AF Stephan, A. W. Meier, R. R. Paxton, L. J. TI Comparison of Global Ultraviolet Imager limb and disk observations of column O/N-2 during a geomagnetic storm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMOSPHERIC O/N-2; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; TIMED MISSION; FUV DAYGLOW; SOLAR EUV; GUVI; PERTURBATIONS; LATITUDES; INPUTS; MODEL AB We compare column O/N-2 values obtained from the analysis of limb profiles of oxygen 135.6 nm and N-2 Lyman-Birge-Hopfield emissions with those obtained from nadir disk images of these same FUV dayglow features. This study represents the first direct comparison of the same metric using these two different techniques and thus is a means to compare the fidelity of each. Both data sets were measured by the Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) on the NASA Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite during a series of geomagnetic storm events in late July 2004. We present daily maps obtained during the geomagnetically quiet time prior to the storm onset as well as similar maps obtained during the peak storm activity. These images show a strong reduction in column O/N-2 at high latitudes and a corresponding lower-latitude enhancement during the peak of the storm. Although the general morphology of these observations is expected and reflected in the NRLMSISE-00 neutral atmosphere model, the strength of the storm-induced changes is underrepresented. The similarity of the GUVI results obtained from both the limb-and disk-imaging techniques and their dissimilarities from current model outputs is strong confirmation of the quantitative results of each. The airglow data show a 40% increase in O/N-2 compared to NRLMSISE-00 near the geomagnetic equator near 1200 UT on 27 July. The peak impact of the storm at these latitudes also occurs at an earlier time than predicted by the model. C1 [Stephan, A. W.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Meier, R. R.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Paxton, L. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Stephan, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM andrew.stephan@nrl.navy.mil RI Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014; Paxton, Larry/D-1934-2015 OI Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115; Paxton, Larry/0000-0002-2597-347X NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 8 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A1 AR A01301 DI 10.1029/2007JA012599 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 251ID UT WOS:000252365700001 ER PT J AU Maidanik, G Maga, LJ AF Maidanik, G. Maga, L. J. TI Analytical evaluation in the design of a coating SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID ULTRASONIC-ATTENUATION; DISPERSION AB The surface impedance of a coating is investigated and defined. The surface impedance is governed largely by the bulk modulus and the associated loss factor. The bulk modulus is but one of a number of moduli that characterize the properties of a coating. The bulk modulus and the shear modulus are the most commonly recognized. The normalized forms of the moduli are related by functions of Poisson's ratio. The normalization of a modulus is by the value of the modulus at the lowest frequency of interest. Were Poisson's ratio to be also independent of frequency, the normalized moduli, as functions of frequency, would all be identical. Since the loss factor that is associated with a normalized modulus is causal, when the normalized moduli are identical so are the associated loss factors. Were Poisson's ratio to be dependent on frequency, the normalized moduli, as functions of frequency, might be regionally or even universally different, and so would be the associated loss factors. Primitive descriptions of typical normalized moduli and the associated loss factors illustrate the design of a coating. The provided data set of the bulk and shear moduli of a coating are employed to test these analytical descriptions of the coating. Of particular interest in these tests is the causal relationship between a normalized modulus and the associated loss factor. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Maidanik, G.; Maga, L. J.] USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Maga, LJ (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM lawrence.maga@navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD JAN 8 PY 2008 VL 309 IS 1-2 BP 150 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2007.06.076 PG 17 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 240XS UT WOS:000251622100011 ER PT J AU Mastro, MA Caldwell, JD Holm, RT Henry, RL Eddy, CR AF Mastro, Michael A. Caldwell, Joshita D. Holm, Ron T. Henry, Rich L. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. TI Design of gallium nitride resonant cavity light-emitting diodes on Si substrates SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTED BRAGG REFLECTORS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MICROCAVITIES; EXTRACTION; EMISSION; IMPACT; GAN AB A GaN resonant cavity light emitting diode was built on a GaN/AlN distributed Bragg reflector grown on a silicon substrate. The electroluminescence output increased by 2.5 times for a GaN diode coupled to a properly designed resonant cavity. Theoretical calculations showed that this enhancement could increase up to four times for transmission through a semi-transparent metal contact design, and up to eight times for a flip-chip design. C1 [Mastro, Michael A.; Caldwell, Joshita D.; Holm, Ron T.; Henry, Rich L.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mastro, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6882,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.mastro@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 1 BP 115 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200701683 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 258KM UT WOS:000252866800019 ER PT S AU Bharadwaj, R Mukhopadhyay, S Peralta, M Shenai, K Majumder, S AF Bharadwaj, Ramesh Mukhopadhyay, Supratik Peralta, Manuel Shenai, Krishna Majumder, Subhashis GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Cognitive Distributed Networks in Environmental e-Science SO 12TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FUTURE TRENDS OF DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE International Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems CY OCT 21-23, 2008 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc AB We integrate fundamental principles from formal mathematics, engineering, and information sciences to develop novel distributed sensor-based networks for management of the environment and the natural ecosystem. More precisely, we are developing ENVNET - ENVironmental sensor NETwork, a cognitive wireless sensor network to proactively collect information, monitor, and control the health of our natural environment and ecosystem (that includes, water, soil, air, etc.). It integrates intelligent sensor coordination and data fusion techniques to access, retrieve, process, and communicate with disparate wireless sensors in an ad-hoc manner to delver dynamic decisions and provide adequate information management. Our approach facilitates large scale deployment and drastically reduces the hardware cost almost by a factor of 10 and removes the main bottleneck in irrigation control arising from wired sensors Apart from this it provides a smart distributed closed-loop control mechanism with formal reliability guarantees that is rapidly and easily deployable, context-a ware, scalable, and dynamically reconfigurable in response to changing requirements. C1 [Bharadwaj, Ramesh] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bharadwaj, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ramesh@itd.nrl.navy.mil; supratik@cc.usu.edu; m.peralta@aggiemail.usu.edu; k.shenai@utnet.utoledo.edu; Subhashis.Majumder@gmail.com NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1071-0485 BN 978-0-7695-3377-3 J9 INT WKSHP FUT TR DIS PY 2008 BP 192 EP 198 DI 10.1109/FTDCS.2008.41 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIV86 UT WOS:000263222800030 ER PT S AU Cranch, GA Flockhart, GMH Kirkendall, CK AF Cranch, G. A. Flockhart, G. M. H. Kirkendall, C. K. BE Sampson, D Collins, S Oh, K Yamauchi, R TI Optically powered DFB fiber laser magnetometer - art. no. 700415 SO 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBRE SENSORS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors CY APR 15-18, 2008 CL Perth, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Western Australia, Opt & Biomed Engn Lab, SPIE, Opt Soc Japan, Opt Soc India, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, Japan Elect Soc, Opt Soc Korea, Opt Soc Amer, Australian Opt Soc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Perth Convent Bur DE DFB fiber laser; rnagnetometer; interferometry; Lorentz force; laser sensor; Bragg grating ID SENSORS AB An optically powered DFB fiber laser based magnetometer free from hysteresis, incorporating drift compensation is demonstrated. Optical power is delivered through a dedicated fiber to provide the required dither current yielding an electrically passive sensor. C1 [Cranch, G. A.; Flockhart, G. M. H.; Kirkendall, C. K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cranch, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Flockhart, Gordon/B-9664-2009 OI Flockhart, Gordon/0000-0002-8777-7511 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7204-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7004 BP 415 EP 415 DI 10.1117/12.785594 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BIC54 UT WOS:000258398100039 ER PT S AU Seaver, M Trickey, ST AF Seaver, Mark Trickey, Stephen T. BE Sampson, D Collins, S Oh, K Yamauchi, R TI Underwater blast loading of a composite twisted rudder with FBGs SO 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBRE SENSORS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors CY APR 15-18, 2008 CL Perth, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Western Australia, Opt & Biomed Engn Lab, SPIE, Opt Soc Japan, Opt Soc India, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, Japan Elect Soc, Opt Soc Korea, Opt Soc Amer, Australian Opt Soc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Perth Convent Bur DE fiber bragg gratings; underwater blast loading; strain; strain rate AB 32 Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) were embedded in a full size, composite twisted rudder to monitor internal strains during underwater blast loading. During final fabrication, the fibers leading to sensors were broken rendering the embedded sensors useless. Time domain reflectometry located the breaks and suggested a likely approach to avoiding such problems in the future. An additional 8 FBGs were surface mounted on the rudder and used to collect data during the blast loading events. Data were successfully collected at rates up to 9700 Hz during 3 blasts, with strains approaching 4000 pc and strain rates of up to 13 epsilon/s. C1 [Seaver, Mark; Trickey, Stephen T.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seaver, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7204-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7004 AR 70046G DI 10.1117/12.786084 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BIC54 UT WOS:000258398100217 ER PT S AU Kumar, P Dutta, I Sarihan, V Frear, DR Renavikar, M AF Kumar, Praveen Dutta, I. Sarihan, V. Frear, D. R. Renavikar, M. GP IEEE TI Effects of strain rate and aging on deformation and fracture of Sn-Ag-Cu solder joints SO 2008 11TH IEEE INTERSOCIETY CONFERENCE ON THERMAL AND THERMOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3 SE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems CY MAY 28-31, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE DE SnAgCu; lead-free solder; strain rate; aging; yield strength; work hardening; joint fracture ID MODE; INTERCONNECTIONS; TOUGHNESS AB With the proliferation of mobile electronics in everyday life, the ability of electronic packages to sustain impact loading under drop conditions has become a paramount reliability concern. Since solder joints, which serve as mechanical and electrical interconnects in a package, are particularly prone to failure during a drop, the fracture behavior of solders at high strain rates is a critically important design parameter. In the present study, tests were conducted on Sn3.5Ag0.7Cu (SAC 387) alloy at various strain rates in the range of 0.1 - 100 s(-1) and in various modes. Yield strength and work hardening were observed to increase substantially with strain rate. The yield strength and work hardening for aged samples were lower than as reflowed samples. Associated with the alteration of flow behavior, transitions in deformation and fracture behavior were noted. Fracture toughness (G(c)) decreased with increasing strain rate, and also with increasing mode-mixity (psi) values between 0-23 degrees. For low y, severe aging appeared to increase fracture toughness, although at higher y values, the distinction appeared to disappear. Correlations between joint microstructure and the observed fracture mechanism are highlighted. C1 [Kumar, Praveen; Dutta, I.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Sarihan, V.; Frear, D. R.] Freescale Semicond Corp, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. [Renavikar, M.] Intel Corp, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. RP Kumar, P (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM idutta@nps.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0705734]; Semiconductor Research Corporation; Freescale Semiconductor FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation (DMR-0705734), and Semiconductor Research Corporation. Support from Freescale Semiconductor is also acknowledged gratefully. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1087-9870 BN 978-1-4244-1700-1 J9 INTERSOC C THERMAL T PY 2008 BP 660 EP + DI 10.1109/ITHERM.2008.4544331 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BID58 UT WOS:000258726500087 ER PT S AU Nie, X Bhate, D Chan, D Chen, W Subbarayan, G Dutta, I AF Nie, X. Bhate, D. Chan, D. Chen, W. Subbarayan, G. Dutta, I. GP IEEE TI Rate-dependent behavior of Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu solder over strain rates of 10(-6) to 10(2) s(-1) SO 2008 11TH IEEE INTERSOCIETY CONFERENCE ON THERMAL AND THERMOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3 SE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems CY MAY 28-31, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE DE lead-free solder; constitutive modeling; high strain rate; shock; drop; impact ID ANAND MODEL; DEFORMATION; METALS AB Solder joints are subjected to different loading conditions depending on the application environment. Desktop and server applications for example, involve thermomechanical fatigue loads at low-strain rates and the dominant mode of failure is creep fatigue. Mobile electronics applications on the other hand, are subject to dynamic stresses on the solder joint during impact. In our previous work, we developed a constitutive model based on mechanical test data at low strain rates. Experiments were carried out using double-lap shear test specimens of specially prepared solder assemblies over strain rate regimes of 10(-6) to 10(-3) s(-1) [1]. In this work, the previous experimental results are augmented with tests performed at higher strain rates (10(-3) to 10(2) s(-1)) at room temperature. These experiments were performed using two different experimental setups: a NITS 810 uniaxial compression tester and a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB). The experimental results demonstrate a remarkably consistent relationship between the yield stress and the strain rate over eight decades of strain rate! We also fit the data to viscoplastic constitutive models popularly available in commercial finite element programs. Although the constitutive models are built using data at low strain rate regimes, the model is shown to be a reasonable fit to the experimental data over the entire strain rate regime under consideration (10(-6) to 10(2) s(-1)). The differences in observed behavior under compression and tension are discussed, along with a microstructural study of the samples used in the tests. C1 [Nie, X.; Bhate, D.; Chan, D.; Chen, W.; Subbarayan, G.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dutta, I.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nie, X (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ganeshs@purdue.edu OI Bhate, Dhruv/0000-0003-1494-3934 FU Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) [SRC Task 1394.001]; Texas Instruments FX This study was partially supported by the Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) under SRC Task 1394.001 and by Texas Instruments. The authors are grateful to Texas Instruments and Freescale Semiconductor for providing test specimens. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1087-9870 BN 978-1-4244-1700-1 J9 INTERSOC C THERMAL T PY 2008 BP 676 EP + DI 10.1109/ITHERM.2008.4544333 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BID58 UT WOS:000258726500089 ER PT S AU Mysore, K Chan, D Bhate, D Subbarayan, G Dutta, I Gupta, V Zhao, J Edwards, D AF Mysore, K. Chan, D. Bhate, D. Subbarayan, G. Dutta, I. Gupta, V. Zhao, J. Edwards, D. GP IEEE TI Aging-informed behavior of Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu solder alloys SO 2008 11TH IEEE INTERSOCIETY CONFERENCE ON THERMAL AND THERMOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3 SE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems CY MAY 28-31, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE DE lead-free solders; aging; Anand model; primary creep ID MICROSTRUCTURE; EVOLUTION; JOINTS; SN AB Predicting reliability of solder joints requires a thorough understanding of solder constitutive behavior. Recent studies on SnAgCu solder alloys have reported that pre-test conditions of aging-time and aging-temperatures can be factors that significantly affect solder constitutive behavior. The results presented here are a part of ongoing efforts to construct constitutive models that can predict aging affects on behavior of SnAgCu solder alloys. In this work, creep test results on aged Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu samples are reported, and aging effects are discussed primarily on secondary creep behavior and on microstructure. Aging effects on primary creep are observed, and will be discussed, and modeled in a future work. Experiments to characterize behavior were carried out using double-lap shear tests on specimens specifically prepared to represent realistic microstructures, and mitigate effects of joint geometry, and stress heterogeneity during test conditions. Aging temperatures of -10 degrees C, 25 degrees C, 75 degrees C and 125 degrees C, and aging times of 15, 30, 60 and 90 days (at each aging temperature) were selected as different levels of factors in a statistically designed experiment. Previous studies have focused on developing constitutive models without due considerations to aging effects, the results presented herein augment aging-informed constitutive model development efforts that are currently in progress. C1 [Mysore, K.; Chan, D.; Bhate, D.; Subbarayan, G.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dutta, I.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Gupta, V.; Zhao, J.; Edwards, D.] Texas Instruments Inc, Dallas, TX 75243 USA. RP Mysore, K (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ganeshs@purdue.edu OI Bhate, Dhruv/0000-0003-1494-3934 FU SRC [1630.001] FX The authors are grateful for support from SRC under task ID 1630.001 which made this research possible. Support from TI is also acknowledged. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1087-9870 BN 978-1-4244-1700-1 J9 INTERSOC C THERMAL T PY 2008 BP 870 EP + DI 10.1109/ITHERM.2008.4544357 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BID58 UT WOS:000258726500113 ER PT S AU Crosby, F AF Crosby, Frank GP IEEE TI CURVELET DECOMPOSITION FOR DETECTION OF CYLINDRICAL TARGETS SO 2008 15TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2008) CY OCT 12-15, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Acoustic applications; Wavelet transforms; Underwater object detection AB Curvelets are a multiscale system with very high directional sensitivity. A new detection algorithm is herein described which operates on a curvelet decomposition of acoustic imagery. The algorithm detects the presence of cylindrical targets through a statistical mapping of curvelet coefficients. The coefficients are calculated as an inner product between image features and a curvelet basis element. The similarity in appearance between cylindrical targets and curvelet basis elements yield an accurate detection algorithm with a very low false alarm rate. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL USA. RP Crosby, F (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4244-1765-0 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2008 BP 2832 EP 2835 DI 10.1109/ICIP.2008.4712384 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJH64 UT WOS:000265921401225 ER PT S AU Pai, RS McGill, RA Simonson, DL Higgins, BA Houser, EJ Papantonakis, MR Nguyen, V Stepnowski, SV Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Papanicolau, NA Bass, R Stepnowski, JL Rake, MT AF Pai, R. S. McGill, R. A. Simonson, D. L. Higgins, B. A. Houser, E. J. Papantonakis, M. R. Nguyen, V. Stepnowski, S. V. Stievater, T. H. Rabinovich, W. S. Papanicolau, N. A. Bass, R. Stepnowski, J. L. Rake, M. T. GP IEEE TI Sorbent Coatings and Processing Techniques for Trace Analysis of Hazardous Materials in Micro/Nano Sensors SO 2008 17TH BIENNIAL UNIVERSITY/GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY MICRO-NANO SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE University Government Industry Micro-Nano Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Biennial University/Government/Industry Micro-Nano Symposium CY JUL 13-16, 2008 CL Louisville, KY SP JST Mfg Inc, Signatone, KY EPSCoR, Wright Brothers Inc, Univ Louisville, Angstrom Sci, VWR DE Hydrogen Bond Acid/Base; Sorbent Polymers; MEMS Chemical Sensors; Trace Detection; Hazardous Materials; Micro Gas Analyzers; Explosives; Chemical Agents; Micro-optical Devices; CASPAR ID CHEMICAL SENSORS AB The trend towards developing portable instruments for detecting diverse hazardous substances on-site has required the integration of increasingly dense arrays of micro- or nanometer sized sensors. This system complexity evolved as a direct result of the demanding technical specifications to be met by these detectors such as less than six second analysis times, low false alarms and parts per trillion level detections. Sorbent polymers used in conjunction with the proper transducer can enhance sensitivity as well as selectivity to a class of analytes. This paper describes our efforts in designing sorbent polymers with hydrogen bond (hb) acidic groups for trace analysis of hazardous hb bases including chemical agents, toxic industrial chemicals and explosives. Further, we summarize our efforts at developing suitable coating techniques for fragile, micron-sized sensor arrays to improve analytical performance. C1 [Pai, R. S.; McGill, R. A.; Simonson, D. L.; Higgins, B. A.; Houser, E. J.; Papantonakis, M. R.; Nguyen, V.; Stepnowski, S. V.; Stievater, T. H.; Rabinovich, W. S.; Papanicolau, N. A.; Bass, R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stepnowski, J. L.; Rake, M. T.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Pai, RS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rekha.pai@nrl.navy.mil; mcgill@nrl.navy.mil RI Papantonakis, Michael/G-3888-2012 FU ONR; DHS; TSL FX Financial support for this work was provided by ONR, DHS and TSL NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0749-6877 BN 978-1-4244-2484-9 J9 U GOV IND MICRO NANO PY 2008 BP 153 EP + DI 10.1109/UGIM.2008.47 PG 2 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIK30 UT WOS:000260372400040 ER PT S AU Bender, BA Gorzkowski, EP Pan, MJ AF Bender, B. A. Gorzkowski, E. P. Pan, M. -J. GP IEEE TI HP001: Piezoelectric Ceramics for Explosively-Driven High Voltage RF Pulse Generation SO 2008 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 23-28, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE AB Na(0.5)Bi(0.5)TiO(3) doped with varying levels of BaTiO(3) (BT) was synthesized. Remnant polarization, coercive field, d(33), permittivity and grain size were measured. Output voltage generated under fast impact was measured. The piezoelectric doped with 4 mol.% BT generated the highest output voltage and was selected for explosive impact testing. Results showed that it generated an output voltage twice that of the standard of PZT-5A.. C1 [Bender, B. A.; Gorzkowski, E. P.; Pan, M. -J.] USN, Res Lab, Ceram Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bender, BA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ceram Sect, Code 6351, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-2744-4 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2008 BP 210 EP 211 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BLN41 UT WOS:000270584000076 ER PT S AU Gorzkowski, EP Pan, MJ AF Gorzkowski, Edward P. Pan, Ming-Jen GP IEEE TI Barium Titanate-Polymer Composites Produced via Directional Freezing SO 2008 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 23-28, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE AB In this study we use a freeze casting technique to construct ceramic-polymer composites in which the two phases are arranged in an electrically parallel configuration. By doing so, the composites exhibit dielectric constant (K) up to two orders of magnitude higher than that of composites with ceramic particles randomly dispersed in a polymer matrix. In this technique, an aqueous ceramic slurry was frozen uni-directionally to form ice platelets and ceramic aggregates that were aligned in the temperature gradient direction. Upon freeze drying, the ice platelets sublimed and left the lamellar ceramic structure intact. The green ceramic body is fired to retain the microstructure and then the space between ceramic lamellae was infiltrated with a polymer material. The finished composites exhibit the high dielectric constant of ferroelectric ceramics while maintaining the flexibility and ease of post-processing handling of polymer materials. We also observed graceful failure behavior during dielectric breakdown testing. C1 [Gorzkowski, Edward P.; Pan, Ming-Jen] USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gorzkowski, EP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Code 6351, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-2744-4 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2008 BP 219 EP 220 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BLN41 UT WOS:000270584000079 ER PT S AU Sellami, L Newcomb, RW AF Sellami, L. Newcomb, R. W. GP IEEE TI A Chaosing Circuit Model for Heart Fibrillation SO 2008 2ND IEEE RAS & EMBS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMEDICAL ROBOTICS AND BIOMECHATRONICS (BIOROB 2008), VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of the IEEE RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Biennial IEEE RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob 2008) CY OCT 19-22, 2008 CL Scottsdale, AZ SP IEEE, RAS, EMBS AB Based on the equations of Keener, a novel and simple circuit model capable of generating chaotic activities similar to those that can occur in the heart is presented. The circuit consists of two RC cells, a mono-stable multi-vibrator, and a pulse generator, and is suitable for VLSI design. PSpice simulations are run to verify its performance. This model could be used to examine the possible reasons for the existence of these activities in the heart and will hopefully help to eliminate these causes. C1 [Sellami, L.] USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Newcomb, R. W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 21740 USA. RP Sellami, L (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM sellami@usna.edu; newcomb@eng.umd.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-1782 BN 978-1-4244-2882-3 J9 P IEEE RAS-EMBS INT PY 2008 BP 15 EP + DI 10.1109/BIOROB.2008.4762814 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BLM54 UT WOS:000270540400003 ER PT B AU Pasour, J Nguyen, K Wright, E Antonsen, T Levush, B AF Pasour, John Nguyen, Khanh Wright, Edward Antonsen, Thomas Levush, Baruch GP IEEE TI Low-Voltage, Sheet-Beam MMW Amplifiers SO 2008 33RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE AB The design and development of compact, slow-wave MMW amplifiers driven by low-voltage sheet beam will be discussed. A high-perveance sheet-beam gun has been designed to produce a 3.5-A, 19.5-kV beam having a cross section of 0.32 mm x 4 mm, suitable for driving a W-band amplifier at similar to 10 kW. A relatively simple sheet-beam circuit, an extended interaction klystron (EIK), is also being developed for integration with the gun and its permanent magnet solenoid. Both the basic gun design and the EIK circuit can be scaled to significantly higher frequencies. C1 [Pasour, John; Levush, Baruch] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nguyen, Khanh; Wright, Edward] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Antonsen, Thomas] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pasour, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2119-0 PY 2008 BP 276 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIV57 UT WOS:000263160700147 ER PT B AU Ngo, MT Linde, G AF Ngo, Mai T. Linde, George GP IEEE TI Clear-Air Backscatter from the Lower Atmosphere Using a High-Power, Millimeter Wave Radar SO 2008 33RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE AB This paper presents our clear-air backscattering observations from the lower atmosphere using the high power, high resolution WARLOC millimeter wave (94 GHz) radar developed at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) [1]. With a peak power of 70 kW and a 62-dB gain antenna, the WARLOC radar offers more than 30 dB higher sensitivity than typical weather radars at this frequency. In addition, the radar provides unprecedented high range and spatial resolution with the 50-cm range resolution and a beam width of less than 0.1 degrees, respectively. The radar is currently located at the NRL's Chesapeake Bay Detachment (CBD) facility, on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, providing observations eastward across the bay. The unique capabilities of the WARLOC radar have opened up new opportunities in atmospheric research. In this paper, characteristics of clear-air backscatter will be presented. Radar cross sections as a function of temperature and height will be discussed. These observations will be related to phenomena such as clear-air turbulence and convective eddies. C1 [Ngo, Mai T.; Linde, George] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngo, MT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Code 5306, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2119-0 PY 2008 BP 454 EP 455 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIV57 UT WOS:000263160700238 ER PT B AU Nusinovich, GS Sinitsyn, OV Savilov, AV Pasour, J Vlasov, AN Nguyen, KT Levush, B Antonsen, TM AF Nusinovich, G. S. Sinitsyn, O. V. Savilov, A. V. Pasour, J. Vlasov, A. N. Nguyen, K. T. Levush, B. Antonsen, T. M., Jr. GP IEEE TI Frequency-Quadrupling Gyrotrons SO 2008 33RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE ID GYRODEVICES AB In this paper an overview of theoretical studies of frequency-quadrupling gyrotrons (FQGs) will be given. This concept allows one to overcome the use of superconducting solenoids in gyrotrons operating at short wavelengths as well as to master the range of THz frequencies with available superconducting magnets. C1 [Nusinovich, G. S.; Sinitsyn, O. V.; Antonsen, T. M., Jr.] Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Savilov, A. V.] Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603600, Russia. [Levush, B.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Vlasov, A. N.] SAIC, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Nguyen, K. T.] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Nusinovich, GS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Nusinovich, Gregory/C-1314-2017; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Nusinovich, Gregory/0000-0002-8641-5156; Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 FU Civilian Research and Development Foundation [RUPI-2688-NN-05]; Office of Naval Research [NOO173-I-G-007] FX This work has been supported by the Civilian Research and Development Foundation (Grant RUPI-2688-NN-05) and the Office of Naval Research (Grant NOO173-I-G-007). NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2119-0 PY 2008 BP 494 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIV57 UT WOS:000263160700259 ER PT B AU Fliflet, AW Hornstein, MK Gold, SH AF Fliflet, Arne W. Hornstein, Melissa K. Gold, Steven H. GP IEEE TI Design of a Multi-kM, 600 GHz, Second-Harmonic Gyrotron SO 2008 33RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE ID OSCILLATOR; OPERATION AB We present a design study of a pulsed 600 GHz gyrotron operating at the second harmonic for a planned experiment based on a 12 T cryogen-free superconducting magnet and a Varian VUW-8010 electron gun. Threshold current studies and multimode simulations indicate that stable single operation at output powers over 10 kW is achievable. C1 [Fliflet, Arne W.; Hornstein, Melissa K.; Gold, Steven H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fliflet, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2119-0 PY 2008 BP 531 EP 531 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIV57 UT WOS:000263160700281 ER PT B AU Kim, SW Zimmerman, JD Focardi, P Wu, DH Gossard, AC Sherwin, MS AF Kim, Sangwoo Zimmerman, Jeramy D. Focardi, Paolo Wu, Dong Ho Gossard, Arthur C. Sherwin, Mark S. GP IEEE TI Room Temperature Terahertz Detection based on Plasma Resonance of Electrons in an Antenna-Coupled GaAs MESFET SO 2008 33RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE AB Plasma resonance of electrons is observed in an Antenna-Coupled Metal-Semiconductor-Field-Effect-Transistor (MESFET) by sweeping bins voltages. This resonant absorption is exploited to realize a room temperature terahertz; detector with a measured Noise Equivalent Power (NEP) similar to 5x10(-8) W/Hz(1/2). C1 [Kim, Sangwoo; Sherwin, Mark S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Zimmerman, Jeramy D.; Gossard, Arthur C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Focardi, Paolo] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Wu, Dong Ho] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, SW (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Zimmerman, Jeramy/C-2273-2009 OI Zimmerman, Jeramy/0000-0001-8936-5345 FU NSF-DMR [0703925] FX Work supported by NSF-DMR 0703925 and Naval Research. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2119-0 PY 2008 BP 568 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIV57 UT WOS:000263160700303 ER PT B AU Jenkins, RB Voigt, RJ AF Jenkins, R. Brian Voigt, Robert J. GP IEEE TI Demonstration of Bidirectional Add Drop Multiplexers and Mixed Signals in a DWDM Mesh Architecture SO 2008 34TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL COMMUNICATION (ECOC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC) CY SEP 21-25, 2008 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP IBBT AB We demonstrate network integration of passive BADMs using Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM). Full duplex transmission in a fully interconnected fiber ring architecture supports analog and digital data transmission. C1 [Jenkins, R. Brian; Voigt, Robert J.] USN Acad, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Jenkins, RB (reprint author), USN Acad, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM bjenkins@usna.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2228-9 PY 2008 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BYU51 UT WOS:000300411200436 ER PT S AU Michelizzi, M Cox, K AF Michelizzi, Michael Cox, Kevin GP IEEE TI Image Fusion with Multiband Linear Arrays SO 2008 37TH IEEE APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP SE IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Applied Imagery and Pattern Recognition Workshop CY OCT 15-17, 2008 CL Washington, DC AB Combining information from multiple spectral bands to describe a scene in which objects will be tracked can aid a well designed algorithm in differentiating between interesting and unimportant objects. This will lead to a more effective automated tracking system. Successful image fusion requires accurate imagery and good image registration. While offering certain advantages, using linear arrays also introduces new challenges. This paper will discuss the design of a system that combines a dual band infrared (IR) imager with a visible imager to feed a robust tracker with an intuitive user interface. C1 [Michelizzi, Michael] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cox, Kevin] Space Ground Syst Solut, Melbourne, FL 32904 USA. RP Michelizzi, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.michelizzi@nrl.navy.mil; kevin.cox.ctr@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-5219 BN 978-1-4244-3125-0 J9 IEEE APP IMG PAT PY 2008 BP 111 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BLL30 UT WOS:000270443200019 ER PT S AU Schaum, A AF Schaum, A. GP IEEE TI Principles of local polynomial interpolation SO 2008 37TH IEEE APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP SE IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Applied Imagery and Pattern Recognition Workshop CY OCT 15-17, 2008 CL Washington, DC AB The sub-pixel analysis of large volumes of digital imagery requires precise methods of interpolation. To be computationally feasible, the methods must be massively parallelizable, and this constrains them to be local. This paper develops a set of principles for generating local interpolators, which apply to both one- and higher-dimensional problems. The principles are demonstrated here for the four-point one-dimensional problem and produce both a generalization of cubic convolution that applies to non-uniform grids and a new quintic method. Based on three common metrics, the new method achieves equal or better performance than cubic convolution and the comparable non-local method The new principles suggest that any higher-order polynomial method beyond quintic is unnatural and causes higher low-frequency error. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM schaum@nrl.navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-5219 BN 978-1-4244-3125-0 J9 IEEE APP IMG PAT PY 2008 BP 170 EP 175 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BLL30 UT WOS:000270443200028 ER PT B AU Kompella, S Wieselthier, JE Ephremides, A AF Kompella, Sastry Wieselthier, Jeffrey E. Ephremides, Anthony GP IEEE TI Revisiting the Optimal Scheduling Problem SO 2008 42ND ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION SCIENCES AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems CY MAR 19-21, 2008 CL Princeton, NJ SP IEEE AB In this paper, we revisit the problem of determining the minimum-length schedule that satisfies certain traffic demands in a wireless network. Traditional approaches for the determination of minimum-length schedules are based on a collision channel model, in which neighboring transmissions cause destructive interference if and only if they are within the "interference region" of the receiving nodes. By contrast, here we adopt a more realistic model for the physical layer by requiring that a threshold be exceeded by the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) for a transmission to be successful. Further we include aspects of the routing problem and utilize column generation for carrying out the computations. C1 [Kompella, Sastry] USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wieselthier, Jeffrey E.] Wieselthier Res, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. [Ephremides, Anthony] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, ECE Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kompella, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2246-3 PY 2008 BP 492 EP + DI 10.1109/CISS.2008.4558576 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIE60 UT WOS:000258931600093 ER PT S AU Upperman, GJ Upperman, TLO Fouts, DJ Pace, PE AF Upperman, Gary J. Upperman, Teresa L. O. Fouts, Douglas J. Pace, Phillip E. BE Matthews, MB TI Efficient Time-Frequency and Bi-Frequency Signal Processing On A Reconfigurable Computer SO 2008 42ND ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-4 SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 26-29, 2008 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Mission Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Choi-Williams distribution; Cyclostationary analysis; low probability of intercept (LPI) radar; Radar detection and classification; reconfigurable computer; electronic intelligence AB Reconfigurable computers allow applications developers to tailor both the software and the hardware of the computer for efficient execution of computationally intensive algorithms. This increases the speed at which the algorithms are executed, making computationally intensive algorithms more useful for real-time and near real-time applications in electronic intelligence (ELINT) applications. This paper presents a study on the use, accuracy, and efficiency of the SRC-6 reconfigurable computer to perform both time-frequency and bi-frequency signal processing. To test the performance, continuous waveform (CW) radar signal modulations are examined using the Choi-Williams distribution (CWD) to calculate the time-frequency characteristics of a signal. Also, the FFT accumulation method (FAM) is used to calculate the cyclostationary bi-frequency characteristics of a signal. C1 [Upperman, Gary J.; Upperman, Teresa L. O.] Edwards AFB, Dept Def, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Fouts, Douglas J.; Pace, Phillip E.] Naval Postgraduate Sch, Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93955 USA. RP Upperman, GJ (reprint author), Edwards AFB, Dept Def, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM Gary.Upperman@edwards.af.mil; Teresa.Upperman@edwards.af.mil; fouts@nps.edu; pepace@nps.edu FU U.S. Department of Defense; National Security Agency; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Defense, the National Security Agency and the Office of Naval Research. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-2940-0 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2008 BP 176 EP + DI 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074386 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BNH24 UT WOS:000274551000033 ER PT S AU Wagner, KT Doroslovacki, MI AF Wagner, Kevin T. Doroslovacki, Milos I. BE Matthews, MB TI ANALYTICAL ANALYSIS OF TRANSIENT AND STEADY-STATE PROPERTIES OF THE PROPORTIONATE NLMS ALGORITHM SO 2008 42ND ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-4 SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 26-29, 2008 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Mission Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Using reasonable approximations we do analytical analysis of properties of the proportionate normalized least mean square algorithm (PNLMS) in the case of white and stationary input signal. This work extends ideas applied to the simplified-PNLMS algorithm to the PNLMS algorithm. In particular, the analysis incorporates the max function employed by the PNLMS algorithm which is not present in the simplified-PNLMS algorithm. The properties of the PNLMS are predicted for both the transient and steady state. An expression for the mean weight deviation in steady state is also presented. Theoretical expectations are compared with results obtained by numerical simulations. C1 [Wagner, Kevin T.] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Doroslovacki, Milos I.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Wagner, KT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-2940-0 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2008 BP 256 EP + DI 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074403 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BNH24 UT WOS:000274551000048 ER PT S AU Caldwell, J Robertson, C AF Caldwell, James Robertson, Clark BE Matthews, MB TI Long Block Length Reed Solomon Coded M-ary Hyper Phase-Shift Keying SO 2008 42ND ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-4 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 26-29, 2008 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Mission Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE spectral efficiency; orthonormal; phase shift keying; probability of bit error; forward error correction AB Forward error correction (FEC) coding in conjunction with M-ary hyper phase-shift keying (MHPSK) is considered in order to improve the robustness of a high spectral efficiency satellite communications link. MHPSK is a spectrally efficient modulation technique that uses four orthonormal basis functions to increase the Euclidean distance between different symbols in the signal space. Spectral efficiency and probability of bit error are two key figures of merit used to evaluate digital modulation techniques. The use of four orthonormal basis functions provides an advantage over traditional modulation techniques such as M-ary phase-shift keying (MPSK) and M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) that only possess two degrees of freedom. MHPSK offers an improvement in bit error performance over other spectrally efficient modulation techniques for the same average energy per bit-to-noise power spectral density ratio and the same spectral efficiency. As a result, MHPSK offers a novel way to improve both throughput and reduce power requirements using easy to generate waveforms. In this paper, long block length Reed Solomon (IRS) codes are used to encode information symbols which are then transmitted with MHPSK. The results are compared with those obtained when data is encoded with the Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) standard rate r = 0.9 low density parity check (LDPC) code commonly employed in satellite communications for high spectral efficiency broadcasts and transmitted with either 8-PSK, 16-PSK or 16-QAM. The performance obtained with AMPSK, 8-PSIC, 16-PSK, and 16-QAM is compared in terms of probability of bit error and bandwidth efficiency when long FEC block lengths are used. C1 [Caldwell, James; Robertson, Clark] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Caldwell, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-2940-0 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2008 BP 413 EP 417 DI 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074437 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BNH24 UT WOS:000274551000078 ER PT S AU Hermes, DJ Kragh, FE Robertson, C AF Hermes, Douglas J. Kragh, Frank E. Robertson, Clark BE Matthews, MB TI A Bandwidth Efficient Constant Envelope Modulation with Binary Convolutional Coding SO 2008 42ND ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-4 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 26-29, 2008 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Mission Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB This paper demonstrates the application of binary convolutional coding applied to the bandwidth efficient, constant envelope modulation developed by Resnikoff and Tigerman [1], [2]. The modulation waveform and phaseform are presented with the corresponding bit error performance expression for uncoded M-ary modulation. Probability of information bit error performance analysis is provided for M-ary modulation with binary convolutional coding with hard and soft decision Viterbi decoding. Expected performance bounds and coding gains are determined using the probability of information bit error performance analysis for M = 8 modulation with rate 1/3 binary convolutional codes, and are validated by numerical simulations. Near optimum path metrics are devised for M-ary modulation with binary convolutional codes with soft decision decoding. C1 [Hermes, Douglas J.; Kragh, Frank E.; Robertson, Clark] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hermes, DJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 833 Dyer Rd,Bldg 232,Room 434A, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-2940-0 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2008 BP 418 EP 422 DI 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074438 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BNH24 UT WOS:000274551000079 ER PT S AU Su, WL Bougiouklis, TC AF Su, Weilian Bougiouklis, Theodoros C. BE Matthews, MB TI Modeling of Data Fusion Algorithms in Cluster-based Wireless Sensor Networks SO 2008 42ND ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-4 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 26-29, 2008 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Mission Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Data fusion; redundancy; fuzzy logic; fuzzy sets; inference; aggregation; throughput AB In our latest work, we developed a data fusion algorithm which can be applied on fusion centers of a cluster-based Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The data fusion algorithm is a mathematical model based on fuzzy logic theory. In fuzzy logic, a collection of objects is processed using fuzzy sets to obtain a value, which summarizes the collection. In this paper, we examine the effects of imprecise WSN observations and different fuzzy sets on the proposed data fusion algorithm. Our results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively fuse data in WSN. C1 [Su, Weilian; Bougiouklis, Theodoros C.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Su, WL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM weilian@nps.edu; tbougiou@nps.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-2940-0 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2008 BP 868 EP 872 DI 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074534 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BNH24 UT WOS:000274551000165 ER PT S AU Papalexidis, N Walker, TO Tummala, M McEachen, J AF Papalexidis, Nikolaos Walker, T. Owens, III Tummala, Murali McEachen, John BE Matthews, MB TI An Energy-efficient and Distributed Approach to Beamforming in a Wireless Sensor Network SO 2008 42ND ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-4 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 26-29, 2008 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Mission Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Collaborative beamforming can be used in a wireless sensor network to increase the effective communication range of the network. In this paper, the power consumption of existing least squares based beamforming solutions is analyzed and an energy-efficient, distributed algorithm for beamformer weight calculation is proposed. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate that the proposed algorithm closely approximates the performance of an ideal uniform linear array while providing significant energy savings over existing solutions. C1 [Papalexidis, Nikolaos; Walker, T. Owens, III; Tummala, Murali; McEachen, John] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Papalexidis, N (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM npapalex@nps.edu; towalker@nps.edu; mtummala@nps.edu; mceachen@nps.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-2940-0 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2008 BP 878 EP 881 DI 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074536 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BNH24 UT WOS:000274551000167 ER PT S AU Ives, RW Broussard, RP Kennell, LR Rakvic, RN Etter, DM AF Ives, Robert W. Broussard, Randy P. Kennell, Lauren R. Rakvic, Ryan N. Etter, Delores M. BE Matthews, MB TI Iris Recognition using the Ridge Energy Direction (RED) Algorithm SO 2008 42ND ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-4 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 26-29, 2008 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Mission Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB The authors present a new algorithm for iris recognition. Segmentation is based on local statistics, and after segmentation, the image is subjected to contrast-limited, adaptive histogram equalization. Feature extraction is then conducted using two directional filters (vertically and horizontally oriented). The presence (or absence) of ridges and their dominant directions are determined, based on maximum directional filter response. Templates are compared using fractional Hamming distance as a metric for a match/non match determination. This Ridge-Energy-Direction (RED) algorithm reduces the effects of illumination, since only direction is used. Results are presented that utilize four iris databases, and some comparison of recognition performance against a Daugman-based algorithm is provided. C1 [Ives, Robert W.; Broussard, Randy P.; Kennell, Lauren R.; Rakvic, Ryan N.; Etter, Delores M.] USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ives, RW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-2940-0 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2008 BP 1219 EP 1223 DI 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074610 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BNH24 UT WOS:000274551001016 ER PT S AU Rakvic, RN Ulis, BJ Broussard, RP Ives, RW AF Rakvic, Ryan N. Ulis, Bradley J. Broussard, Randy P. Ives, Robert W. BE Matthews, MB TI Iris Template Generation with Parallel Logic SO 2008 42ND ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-4 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 26-29, 2008 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Mission Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Modern iris recognition algorithms can be computationally intensive, yet are designed for traditional sequential processing elements, such as a personal computer. However, a parallel processing alternative using field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) offers an opportunity to speed up iris recognition. Within the means of this project, iris template generation with directional filtering, which is a computation ally expensive, yet parallel portion of a modern iris recognition algorithm, is parallelized on an FPGA system. We will present a performance comparison of the parallelized algorithm on the FPGA system to a traditional CPU-based version. The parallelized template generation outperforms an optimized C++ code version determining the information content of an iris approximately 324 times faster. C1 [Rakvic, Ryan N.; Ulis, Bradley J.; Broussard, Randy P.; Ives, Robert W.] USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Rakvic, RN (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-2940-0 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2008 BP 1872 EP 1875 DI 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074753 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BNH24 UT WOS:000274551001140 ER PT S AU Tsivgoulis, G Walker, TO Tummala, M McEachen, J AF Tsivgoulis, Georgios Walker, T. Owens, III Tummala, Murali McEachen, John BE Matthews, MB TI Source Localization using Random Arrays of Sensors under Multipath Fading SO 2008 42ND ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-4 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 26-29, 2008 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Mission Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB This paper proposes a source localization scheme using random arrays of wireless sensors that addresses multipath propagation. Taking advantage of the dominant reflections, the proposed solution finds the location of a signal source by triangulation using the direction of arrival estimations of both the line-of-sight and the reflected components. It uses a space division multiple access, spread spectrum-based receiver to generate the direction of arrival estimates. Simulation results are included to demonstrate that the proposed scheme provides improved estimates by exploiting the non-line-of-sight information. C1 [Tsivgoulis, Georgios; Walker, T. Owens, III; Tummala, Murali; McEachen, John] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tsivgoulis, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM gtsivgou@nps.edu; towalker@nps.edu; mtummala@nps.edu; mceachen@nps.edu NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-2940-0 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2008 BP 1963 EP 1967 DI 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074773 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BNH24 UT WOS:000274551001158 ER PT S AU Sadler, BM Liu, N Xu, ZY Kozick, R AF Sadler, Brian M. Liu, Ning Xu, Zhengyuan Kozick, Richard GP IEEE TI Range-Based Geolocation in Fading Environments SO 2008 46TH ANNUAL ALLERTON CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATION, CONTROL, AND COMPUTING, VOLS 1-3 SE Annual Allerton Conference on Communication Control and Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control and Computing CY SEP, 2008 CL Monticello, IL ID LOCALIZATION AB We consider source geolocation based on range estimates from sensors with known coordinates. In a fading propagation environment, where a line-of-sight (LOS) path may be weak or essentially nonexistent, range estimates may have positive biases. We study this problem by considering a weighted least squares (WLS) location estimator, based on noisy range estimates, each of which is contaminated by additive Gaussian noise and possibly a positive bias. We derive the mean and mean-square error (MSE) of the WLS estimator, showing that in general the estimator produces biased estimates. The error expressions are developed via first-order perturbation analysis. They provide a means to study achievable localization performance, as a function of the measurement bias and variance, as well as the sensor network geometry. C1 [Sadler, Brian M.] USN, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL CI NT, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Liu, Ning; Xu, Zhengyuan] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Elect Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Kozick, Richard] Bucknell Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. RP Sadler, BM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL CI NT, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM bsadler@arl.army.mil; dxu@ee.ucr.edu; kozick@bucknell.edu FU Army Research Laboratory CTA on Communications and Networks [DAAD19-01-2-0011] FX This work was supported in part by the Army Research Laboratory CTA on Communications and Networks under grant DAAD19-01-2-0011. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2474-0195 BN 978-1-4244-2925-7 J9 ANN ALLERTON CONF PY 2008 BP 15 EP + DI 10.1109/ALLERTON.2008.4797529 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BKI79 UT WOS:000268229600003 ER PT B AU Kompella, S Wieselthier, JE Ephremides, A Sherali, HD AF Kompella, Sastry Wieselthier, Jeffrey E. Ephremides, Anthony Sherali, Hanif D. GP IEEE TI A Cross-Layer Approach to End-to-End Routing and SINR-based Scheduling in Multi-hop Wireless Networks SO 2008 6th International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc and Wireless Networks and Workshops, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad-Hoc, and Wireless Networks CY APR 01-03, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP NEC Labs Europe, Ericsson GmbH, Eurolab R&D, IEEE Control Syst Soc, Supelec AB In this paper we study the problem of jointly controlling routing and transmission scheduling in spatial TDMA (STDMA)-based multihop wireless networks, with the goal of determining the minimum-length schedule that satisfies a given end-to-end traffic demand. We present a cross-layer formulation of the problem that incorporates multi-path routing at the network layer, while concurrently generating matchings to address the media-access control problem. Each such matching consists of a set of links that can simultaneously be active, without violating the specified signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) requirement. We formulate our problem as one of mixed integer-linear programming, and we show that our column generation approach converges to a globally optimal solution. After considering a problem formulation that is restricted to the use of the same RF transmission power by all nodes, we extend our model to incorporate power adaptation, and demonstrate the resulting improvement in performance. We also discuss the insights that can be gained about the influence of power control, and spatial reuse on network performance. C1 [Kompella, Sastry; Wieselthier, Jeffrey E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kompella, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3121-2 PY 2008 BP 249 EP 254 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIS47 UT WOS:000262438100035 ER PT S AU Yoon, H Agrawal, BN AF Yoon, Hyungjoo Agrawal, Brij N. GP IEEE TI Adaptive control of uncertain Hamiltonian Multi-Input Multi-Output systems : With application to spacecraft control SO 2008 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2008 CY JUN 11-13, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE ID CONTROL MOMENT GYROS; FEEDBACK-CONTROL; ATTITUDE-CONTROL; POWER TRACKING AB A novel adaptive control law for nonlinear Hamiltonian Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) systems with uncertain parameters in the actuator modeling as well as the inertia and/or the Coriolis and centrifugal terms is developed. The physical properties of the Hamiltonian systems are effectively used in the control design and the stability analysis. The number of the parameter estimates is significantly lowered as compared to the conventional adaptive control methods. A smooth projection algorithm is applied to keep the parameter estimates inside a singularity-free region. The developed control scheme is applied for attitude control of a spacecraft with both the inertia and the actuator uncertainties. C1 [Yoon, Hyungjoo; Agrawal, Brij N.] USN, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Yoon, H (reprint author), USN, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-2078-0 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2008 BP 2969 EP 2974 DI 10.1109/ACC.2008.4586947 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIG00 UT WOS:000259261502057 ER PT S AU Robertson, MJ AF Robertson, Michael J. GP IEEE TI Transient deflection performance measures for command shapers SO 2008 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2008 CY JUN 11-13, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE AB Input shaping is a technique used to reduce command-induced vibration. Recently, a class of input shapers has been developed to limit both the residual vibration and the transient deflection of flexible systems. This paper evaluates two types of commands: pre-computed, deflection-limiting commands for a floating oscillator given a fixed move distance and real-time deflection-limiting command shapers for a mass under PD control. For these command shapers, transient performance is just as important as residual vibration. Therefore, the effect of modeling error on transient performance must be considered. Transient deflection sensitivity plots are presented to gauge the effectiveness of these commands in meeting their design goals. An evaluation of the effectiveness of traditional residual vibration performance measures to predict the transient performance robustness is also presented. C1 USN Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Robertson, MJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-2078-0 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2008 BP 3251 EP 3256 DI 10.1109/ACC.2008.4586993 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIG00 UT WOS:000259261502103 ER PT S AU Lian, JM Lee, YG Sudhoff, SD Zak, SH AF Lian, Jianming Lee, Yonggon Sudhoff, Scott D. Zak, Stanislaw H. GP IEEE TI Variable structure neural network based direct adaptive robust control of uncertain systems SO 2008 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2008 CY JUN 11-13, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE ID OUTPUT-FEEDBACK CONTROL; NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; APPROXIMATION AB Direct adaptive robust state feedback and output feedback controllers are proposed for the output tracking control of a class of uncertain systems with disturbance. The proposed controllers employ self-organizing raised-cosine radial basis function networks, which are capable of determining their structures dynamically, to approximate unknown system dynamics. Radial basis functions of the network can be added or removed on-line in order to ensure the desired tracking accuracy and the computational efficiency simultaneously. The closed-loop systems are characterized by the guaranteed transient response and the final tracking accuracy. The performance of the proposed output feedback controller is illustrated by numerical simulations. C1 [Lian, Jianming; Sudhoff, Scott D.; Zak, Stanislaw H.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lee, Yonggon] US Naval Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Lian, JM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jlian@purdue.edu; ylee@usna.edu; sudhoff@ecn.purdue.edu; zak@purdue.edu RI Lian, Jianming/G-5735-2011 OI Lian, Jianming/0000-0003-1270-5350 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-02-1-0623] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-02-1-0623. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-2078-0 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2008 BP 3402 EP + DI 10.1109/ACC.2008.4587018 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIG00 UT WOS:000259261502128 ER PT S AU O'Brien, RT Howe, JM AF O'Brien, Richard T., Jr. Howe, Jamie M., III GP IEEE TI Optimal PID controller design using standard optimal control techniques SO 2008 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2008 CY JUN 11-13, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE AB An optimal PID controller design procedure is formulated for 2(nd) order systems where the computation of the PID gains is equivalent to a state feedback design problem. As a result, any optimal state feedback control design method can be used. Furthermore, this method can be extended to higher order systems using model reduction techniques. The procedure is verified experimentally using a ball and beam apparatus. C1 [O'Brien, Richard T., Jr.; Howe, Jamie M., III] USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Brien, RT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-2078-0 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2008 BP 4733 EP 4738 DI 10.1109/ACC.2008.4587242 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIG00 UT WOS:000259261503131 ER PT B AU Petry, FE Yager, RR AF Petry, Frederick E. Yager, Ronald R. GP IEEE TI Use of fuzzy ontologies in generalization of knowledge tree results SO 2008 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FUZZY INFORMATION PROCESSING SOCIETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society CY MAY 19-22, 2008 CL New York, NY SP N Amer Fuzzy Informat Proc Soc ID SYSTEMS AB In this paper we examine issues involving data generalization using a fuzzy ontology. In particular we consider generalizing the results produced by the knowledge tree process from an information base. C1 [Petry, Frederick E.] USN, Res Lab, MC&G, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Yager, Ronald R.] Iona Coll, Inst Machine Intelligence, New Rochelle, NY USA. RP Petry, FE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, MC&G, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM fpetry@nrlssc.navy.mil; yager@panix.com RI Yager, Ronald/A-2960-2013 FU Naval Research Laboratory's Base Program [0602435N] FX We would like to thank the Naval Research Laboratory's Base Program, Program Element No. 0602435N for sponsoring this research NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2351-4 PY 2008 BP 794 EP 798 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIC06 UT WOS:000258322800143 ER PT B AU Beadie, G Fleet, E Rosenberg, A Lane, P Shirk, JS Jin, Y Tai, H Hiltner, A Baer, E AF Beadie, G. Fleet, E. Rosenberg, A. Lane, P. Shirk, J. S. Jin, Y. Tai, H. Hiltner, A. Baer, E. GP IEEE TI Gradient Index Polymer Optics SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; LENS AB We developed novel lenses from gradient index, multi-polymer sheets. The sheets were processed into lenses with spherically-symmetric index profiles. An F/2.25 GRIN singlet produced images with 4x better contrast than a commercial F/2.25 glass singlet. C1 [Beadie, G.; Fleet, E.; Rosenberg, A.; Lane, P.; Shirk, J. S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Beadie, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 86 EP 87 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400044 ER PT B AU Pruessner, MW Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS McGill, RA Stepnowski, JL AF Pruessner, Marcel W. Stievater, Todd H. Rabinovich, William S. McGill, R. A. Stepnowski, J. L. GP IEEE TI MEMS Chemical Sensors Using Waveguide Fabry-Perot Microcavities SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate waveguide Fabry-Perot microcavities coupled to in-plane microbeam resonators. The microcavities enable measurement of mechanical resonant frequency shifts resulting from mass loading due to analyte sorption. High selectivity sensor arrays are possible. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Pruessner, Marcel W.] NRL, SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Pruessner, MW (reprint author), NRL, SFA Inc, 2200 Def Hwy,Suite 405, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM marcel.pruessner@nrl.navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 578 EP 579 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400290 ER PT B AU McKinney, JD Williams, KJ AF McKinney, Jason D. Williams, Keith J. GP IEEE TI A Linearized Phase-Modulated Analog Optical Link SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate a linearized phase-modulated analog link that achieves a fifth-order-limited spurious-free dynamic range of similar to 130 dB-Hz(4/5). This result represents a 17 dB improvement over conventional (single-detector) intensity-modulated links for the same received photocurrent. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [McKinney, Jason D.; Williams, Keith J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McKinney, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jason.mckinney@nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 666 EP 667 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400334 ER PT B AU Ali, D Thompson, P Goldhar, J DiPasquale, J Richardson, CJK AF Ali, Dyan Thompson, Phillip Goldhar, Julius DiPasquale, Joseph, III Richardson, Christopher J. K. GP IEEE TI High-Speed SiGe p-i-n W-Structure Photodetectors at Telecommunication Wavelengths. Grown Directly on Si SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We report on Si-rich Si(1-x)Ge(x)p-i-n W-structure single-mode waveguide detectors of varying lengths, and found to have a responsivity of upto 489 mu AW(-1)mm(-1). The shortest tested devices exhibit a 1.74GHz bandwidth, and 173.5 mu A/W responsitivty at 1.3 mu m. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Ali, Dyan; Goldhar, Julius; DiPasquale, Joseph, III; Richardson, Christopher J. K.] Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Thompson, Phillip] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ali, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM dyanali@lps.umd.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1055 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400529 ER PT B AU Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Pruessner, MW Park, D Kanakaraju, S Richardson, CJK AF Stievater, T. H. Rabinovich, W. S. Pruessner, M. W. Park, D. Kanakaraju, S. Richardson, C. J. K. GP IEEE TI A Microelectromechanically Tunable Asymmetric Fabry-Perot Quantum Well Modulator at 1.55 mu m SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We experimentally demonstrate an InP-based microelectromechanically tunable asymmetric Fabry-Perot quantum well modulator that operates in the optical C-band. The device exhibits contrast ratios over 20 (13 dB) with less than 8 volts bias. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Stievater, T. H.; Rabinovich, W. S.; Pruessner, M. W.; Park, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kanakaraju, S.; Richardson, C. J. K.] Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Stievater, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stievater@nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1449 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400727 ER PT B AU Kim, S Sherwin, MS Zimmerman, JD Gossard, AC Focardi, P Wu, DH AF Kim, Sangwoo Sherwin, Mark S. Zimmerman, Jeramy D. Gossard, Arthur C. Focardi, Paolo Wu, Dong Ho GP IEEE TI Room Temperature Terahertz Detection based on Electron Plasma Resonance in an Antenna-Coupled GaAs MESFET SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB Plasma resonance of electrons was observed in an Antenna-Coupled GaAs Metal-Semiconductor-Field-Effect-Transistor (MESFET) by sweeping bias voltages. This resonant absorption was used to realize a room temperature terahertz detector. (C)2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Kim, Sangwoo; Sherwin, Mark S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Zimmerman, Jeramy D.; Gossard, Arthur C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Math, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Focardi, Paolo] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Wu, Dong Ho] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM swkim@physics.ucsb.edu; sherwin@physics.ucsb.edu RI Zimmerman, Jeramy/C-2273-2009 OI Zimmerman, Jeramy/0000-0001-8936-5345 FU NSF-DMR [0703925]; Naval Research Lab FX Work supported by NSF-DMR 0703925 and Naval Research Lab. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1728 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400867 ER PT B AU Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Kim, CS Kim, M Nolde, JA Larrabee, DC Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Bewley, W. W. Canedy, C. L. Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Nolde, J. A. Larrabee, D. C. Lindle, J. R. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. GP IEEE TI Mid-Infrared Interband Cascade Lasers Operating CW at Thermoelectric-Cooler Temperatures SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB Mid-infrared intcrband cascade lasers with 11-mu m-wide ridge width and Au electroplating operated cw to 288 K, where the emission wavelength was 4.1 mu m. Another device emitted at 5.1 mu m and operated cw to 229 K. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Bewley, W. W.; Canedy, C. L.; Kim, C. S.; Kim, M.; Nolde, J. A.; Larrabee, D. C.; Lindle, J. R.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1754 EP 1755 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400880 ER PT B AU Garzarella, A Wu, DH AF Garzarella, Anthony Wu, Dong Ho GP IEEE TI Nonperturbative detection of microwave radiation using fiber attached electro-optic sensors SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID FIELD SENSORS AB Tests are described using fiber-attached, all-dielectric EO field sensors for the noninvasive detection of microwave fields generated by horn antennas and GTEM cell. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Garzarella, Anthony; Wu, Dong Ho] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Garzarella, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM garzarel@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1792 EP 1793 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400899 ER PT B AU Quimby, RS Shaw, LB Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Quimby, R. S. Shaw, L. B. Sanghera, J. S. Aggarwal, I. D. GP IEEE TI Efficient output at 4600 nm in Dy:chalcogenide glass fiber laser with cascade lasing SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID MU-M AB The output power at 4600 rum in a Dy:chalcogenide glass fiber laser is found through numerical simulations to be significantly enhanced with simultaneous lasing at 3300 nm. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Quimby, R. S.] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Shaw, L. B.; Sanghera, J. S.; Aggarwal, I. D.] Naval Res Lab, Infrared Mat Grp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Quimby, RS (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. EM rsquimby@wpi.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 2179 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401080 ER PT B AU Grun, J Manka, CK Nikitin, S Comanescu, G Zabetakis, D Gillis, D Bowles, J AF Grun, Jacob Manka, Charles K. Nikitin, Sergei Comanescu, Gelu Zabetakis, Daniel Gillis, David Bowles, Jeffrey GP IEEE TI Swept-Wavelength Optical resonance-Raman Device (SWOrRD) for detection of chemicals and microorganisms SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; BACTERIA AB Detection of microorganisms and chemicals using multi-wavelength resonance-Raman spectroscopy is described. Combined with a proper algorithm, this technique may lead to contactless sensor, capable of real-time detection of biological and chemical threats in complex environments. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Grun, Jacob] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Manka, Charles K.; Nikitin, Sergei; Comanescu, Gelu] Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Zabetakis, Daniel] US Navy, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gillis, David; Bowles, Jeffrey] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Grun, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jacob.Grun@nrl.navy.mil RI Nikitin, Sergei/A-7156-2012 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 2911 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401447 ER PT B AU Xu, XD Sun, B Berman, PR Steel, DG Bracker, AS Gammon, D Sham, LJ AF Xu, Xiaodong Sun, Bo Berman, Paul R. Steel, D. G. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. Sham, L. J. GP IEEE TI Coherent Optical Spectroscopy of a Strongly Driven Quantum Dot SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We report the demonstration of the Autler-Townes splitting and Mollow absorption spectrum by means of coherent optical spectroscopy of a strongly driven quantum dot. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Xu, Xiaodong; Sun, Bo; Berman, Paul R.; Steel, D. G.] Univ Michigan, HM Randall Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bracker, A. S.; Gammon, D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sham, L. J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Xu, XD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, HM Randall Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dst@eecs.umich.edu; gammon@nrl.navy.mil; lsham@ucsd.edu FU U.S. ARO; AFOSR; ONR; NSA/LPS; FOCUS-NSF FX This work was supported by U.S. ARO, AFOSR, ONR, NSA/LPS, and FOCUS-NSF. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3437 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401712 ER PT B AU Sanghera, JS Shaw, LB Florea, CM Pureza, P Nguyen, VQ Gibson, D Kung, F Aggarwal, ID AF Sanghera, J. S. Shaw, L. B. Florea, C. M. Pureza, P. Nguyen, V. Q. Gibson, D. Kung, F. Aggarwal, I. D. GP IEEE TI Non-linearity in Chalcogenide Glasses and Fibers, and their Applications SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB High nonlinearity and large IR transparency make chalcogenide fibers well suited for compact Raman amplifiers, supercontinuum generation and other mid-IR sources. As(2)S(3) fiber has record high theoretical gain compared with silica fiber for slow-light applications. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Sanghera, J. S.; Shaw, L. B.; Florea, C. M.; Pureza, P.; Nguyen, V. Q.; Gibson, D.; Kung, F.; Aggarwal, I. D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sanghera, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jas.sanghera@nrl.navy.mil RI Gibson, Daniel/F-2743-2013 OI Gibson, Daniel/0000-0001-7560-2549 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3562 EP 3563 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401776 ER PT B AU Kim, ED Smirl, K Wu, YW Amo, A Xu, XD Steel, DG Bracker, AS Gammon, D Sham, LJ AF Kim, Erik D. Smirl, Katherine Wu, Yanwen Amo, A. Xu, Xiaodong Steel, D. G. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. Sham, L. J. GP IEEE TI On-Resonant Trion Rabi Oscillations and Spin Quantum Beats in a Singly Charged InAs Quantum Dot SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID ELECTRON-SPIN AB We demonstrate, to our knowledge, the first coherent transient measurements of a single self-assembled InAs quantum dot charged with a single electron. The measurements show both trion Rabi oscillations and spin quantum beats. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Kim, Erik D.; Smirl, Katherine; Wu, Yanwen; Amo, A.; Xu, Xiaodong; Steel, D. G.] Univ Michigan, HM Randall Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bracker, A. S.; Gammon, D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sham, L. J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Kim, ED (reprint author), Univ Michigan, HM Randall Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dst@eecs.umich.edu; gammon@nrl.navy.mil; lsham@ucsd.edu RI Truex, Katherine/E-2973-2010 OI Truex, Katherine/0000-0001-8219-2672 FU ARO; AFOSR; ONR; NSA/ARDA; DARPA; FOCUS-NSF FX This work was supported in part by ARO, AFOSR, ONR, NSA/ARDA, DARPA and FOCUS-NSF. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3593 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401792 ER PT B AU Askins, CG Miller, GA Friebele, EJ AF Askins, Charles G. Miller, Gary A. Friebele, E. Joseph GP OSA TI Bend and twist sensing in a multiple-core optical fiber SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION/NATIONAL FIBER OPTIC ENGINEERS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Fiber Communications/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference CY FEB 24-28, 2008 CL San Diego, CA AB A method for estimating an optical fiber's shape from internal strain states is presented. Localized sensing of both bending and twisting requires a specialized multicore fiber design, high-performance static strain sensing, and robust reconstruction algorithms. (C) Optical Society of America. C1 [Askins, Charles G.; Miller, Gary A.; Friebele, E. Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Askins, CG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-1-55752-856-8 PY 2008 BP 1545 EP 1547 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BID99 UT WOS:000258857701082 ER PT B AU Avramov-Zamurovic, S Lee, RD AF Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana Lee, Rae Duk BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI A capacitance sensor suite evaluation SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO AB An experiment was set up to evaluate a sensor suite containing an affordable commercially available capacitance to digital converter and a simple custom-built capacitance sensor. A set of surface mount capacitors was thoughtfully assembled for evaluation purposes. The results show good short-term stability, allowing the effective use of the sensor suite in an object classification application. C1 [Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Lee, Rae Duk] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Avramov-Zamurovic, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 564 EP + DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574904 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400282 ER PT S AU Chou, YC Lee, LJ Yang, JM Lange, MD Nam, PS Lin, CH Quach, H Gutierrez, AL Barsky, ME Wojtowicz, M Oki, AK Block, TR Boos, JB Bennett, BR Papanicolaou, NA AF Chou, Y. C. Lee, L. J. Yang, J. M. Lange, M. D. Nam, P. S. Lin, C. H. Quach, H. Gutierrez, A. L. Barsky, M. E. Wojtowicz, M. Oki, A. K. Block, T. R. Boos, J. B. Bennett, B. R. Papanicolaou, N. A. GP IEEE TI THE EFFECT OF GATE METALS ON MANUFACTURABILITY OF 0.1 mu m METAMORPHIC ALSB/INAS HEMTS FOR ULTRALOW-POWER APPLICATIONS SO 2008 IEEE 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS (IPRM) SE International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials CY MAY 25-29, 2008 CL Versailles, FRANCE SP IEEE DE manufacturability; HEMT; ultralow-power; sinking ID INAS/ALSB HEMT; TRANSISTORS; AMPLIFIER AB Four types of gate metallization were investigated to evaluate the manufacturability of 0.1 gm AlSb/InAs HEMTs. It has been found that device performance strongly depends on the gate metallization. This information is essential for the manufacturabitity of 0.1 gm AlSb/InAs HEMTs for ultralow-power applications. C1 [Chou, Y. C.; Lee, L. J.; Yang, J. M.; Lange, M. D.; Nam, P. S.; Lin, C. H.; Quach, H.; Gutierrez, A. L.; Barsky, M. E.; Wojtowicz, M.; Oki, A. K.; Block, T. R.] Northrop Grumman Corp, Redondo Beach, CA USA. [Boos, J. B.; Bennett, B. R.; Papanicolaou, N. A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chou, YC (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Corp, Redondo Beach, CA USA. EM yeong-chang.chou@ngc.com; boos@nrl.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 FU DARPA [FA8750-06-C-0051] FX This work is supported by DARPA under contract number FA8750-06-C-0051. The authors would like to thank Dr. Mark Rosker (DARPA) and all the engineers and technicians at Northrop Grumman Space Technology who contributed to this work. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8669 BN 978-1-4244-2258-6 J9 CONF P INDIUM PHOSPH PY 2008 BP 367 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BKB63 UT WOS:000267695700103 ER PT B AU D'Souza, M Shin, JC Xu, D Kirch, J Mawst, LJ Botez, D Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF D'Souza, M. Shin, J. C. Xu, D. Kirch, J. Mawst, L. J. Botez, D. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. GP IEEE TI Deep-well 4.8 mu m -emitting quantum-cascade lasers grown by MOCVD SO 2008 IEEE 21ST INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR LASER CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 21st International Semiconductor Laser Conference CY SEP 14-18, 2008 CL Sorrento, ITALY SP IEEE AB A novel design for a deep-well InP-based QC-laser structure has been realized using MOCVD growth for emission wavelengths of 4.6 mu m-4.8 mu m with low threshold current density (1.5 KA/cm(2)) at room temperature (RT) and reduced temperature sensitivity. C1 [D'Souza, M.; Shin, J. C.; Xu, D.; Kirch, J.; Mawst, L. J.; Botez, D.] Univ Wisconsin, ECE Dept, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP D'Souza, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, ECE Dept, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1782-7 PY 2008 BP 45 EP + DI 10.1109/ISLC.2008.4636001 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIV84 UT WOS:000263222600023 ER PT S AU Hu, J Gao, JB Lynch, RS Chen, GS AF Hu, Jing Gao, Jianbo Lynch, Robert S. Chen, Genshe GP IEEE TI Multi-scale modeling approach for detecting low observable targets within sea clutter SO 2008 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2008 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID CHAOTIC DYNAMICS AB Sea clutter refers to the radar backscatter from the ocean surface. Accurate modeling of sea clutter and rough sea surface is an important problem in radar signal processing and applications, as it facilitates robust detection of low observable targets within sea clutter, which has significant importance to coastal security, navigation safety and environmental monitoring. Great efforts have been made to model sea clutter. However, the nature of sea clutter is poorly understood and the important problem of target detection within sea clutter remains a tremendous challenge. We propose a systematic, multi-scale approach to model sea clutter. By extensively utilizing available real data, we (1) develop methods to better fit non-stationary and non-Gaussian sea clutter, (2) characterize correlation structure of sea clutter on multiple time scales, and (3) develop accurate and readily implementable methods to detect low observable targets within sea clutter.(12). C1 [Hu, Jing; Gao, Jianbo] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lynch, Robert S.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. RP Hu, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jinghu@ufl.edu; gao@ece.ufl.edu; LynchRS@Npt.NUWC.Navy.Mil; gchen@i-a-i.com NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-1487-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 1757 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC00 UT WOS:000258321201029 ER PT S AU Mobasseri, BG Lynch, RS Carter, GC AF Mobasseri, Bijan G. Lynch, Robert S. Carter, G. Clifford GP IEEE TI Information embedding in sonar for authentication and identification SO 2008 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2008 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID SIGNAL; WATERMARKING AB In complex undersea environments, where a multitude of simultaneous sonar transmissions may exist, it is desirable to identify a received sonar echo based on its point of origin, platform, and mission etc. This capability can help distinguish friendly sonar sources from counter fraudulent transmissions intended to confuse or mislead. The solution proposed for this problem is to secure embedding of a robust digital watermark in sonar transmissions. The complex short time Fourier transform (STFT) is selected as the domain for embedding the watermark. We show that the watermark can be recovered from a single ping. Moreover, the watermark survives various channel impairments including noise, seabed clutter and multipath. The same concept can be used for covert undersea communications using biologically occurring signals as cover.(1,2). C1 [Mobasseri, Bijan G.] Villanova Univ, ECE Dept, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Lynch, Robert S.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Carter, G. Clifford] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Senior Technol, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Mobasseri, BG (reprint author), Villanova Univ, ECE Dept, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. EM bijan.mobasseri@villanova.edu; LynchRS@Npt.NUWC.Navy.Mil; CarterGC@Npt.NUWC.Navy.Mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-1487-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 1764 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC00 UT WOS:000258321201030 ER PT S AU Chen, Y Chen, GS Blum, RS Blasch, E Lynch, RS AF Chen, Yin Chen, Genshe Blum, Rick S. Blasch, Erik Lynch, Robert S. GP IEEE TI Image quality measures for predicting automatic target recognition performance SO 2008 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2008 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID FUSION SCHEMES; SAR IMAGES AB One important issue for Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) systems is to learn how robust the performance is under different scenarios. The quality of the input image sequence is a major factor affecting the ATR algorithm's ability to detect and recognize an object. If one can correlate the algorithm performance with different image quality measures, the recognition confidence can be predicted before applying ATR by predetermining the input, image quality. In this paper, we address the utility of image quality measures and their correlations with performance failures of a principle component analysis (PCA) based ATR algorithm. Various image fusion approaches are examined to illustrate their abilities to improve ATR performance. Results show that the Shift Invariant Discrete Wavelet Transform (SiDWT) and Laplacian pyramid fusion schemes outperform other methods for improving the detection rate with the considered SAR images. Regression analysis is conducted to show that linear combinations of the selected image quality measures could explain about 60% of the variability in the non-detections of the ATR algorithm.(12). C1 [Chen, Yin; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Automat Inc, 15400 Calhoun Dr, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Blum, Rick S.] Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lynch, Robert S.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, 15400 Calhoun Dr, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. EM ychen@i-a-i.com; gchen@i-a-i.com; rblum@lehigh.edu; erik.blasch@wpafb.af.mil; lynchrs@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-1487-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 1957 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC00 UT WOS:000258321201050 ER PT S AU Luginbuhl, T Ainsleigh, P Mathews, S Streit, RL AF Luginbuhl, Tod Ainsleigh, Phillip Mathews, Sunil Streit, Roy L. GP IEEE TI Accurate likelihood evaluation for multiple model PMHT algorithms SO 2008 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2008 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID EM ALGORITHM; SYSTEMS AB A variety of authors have incorporated multiple target motion models into the Probabilistic Multi-Hypothesis Tracking (PMHT) algorithm using a discrete Markov chain to model the motion model switching process. However, in these papers the observed data likelihood function is not written down for this model, nor is it evaluated because all possible model assignment sequences must be considered over the PMERT batch. These two issues are addressed in this paper under the assumption that the Markov chain switching model affects the target state process but not the target measurement process: the observed data likelihood function for the PMHT algorithm is given along with a method for evaluating it. A closely related method of including multiple target motion models in the PMHT algorithm that results in a finite mixture distribution of motion models is described as well. In addition, it is shown that using multiple-model smoothing algorithms such as an]MM smoother to estimate the target states in a multiple model PMHT algorithm will not maximize the observed data likelihood function. Finally, it is shown that the MAP target state estimates for linear Gaussian targets with multiple motion models can be computed using a bank of Kalman smoothers. This result fills a gap in the existing literature.(1 2). C1 [Luginbuhl, Tod; Ainsleigh, Phillip; Mathews, Sunil] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 1522, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Streit, Roy L.] Metron Inc, Reston, VA USA. RP Luginbuhl, T (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 1522, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM t.e.luginbuhl@ieee.org; streit@metsci.com FU ONR; OSD FX This work was funded by ONR and OSD. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-1487-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 2031 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC00 UT WOS:000258321201057 ER PT S AU Lovellette, MN Wood, KS Beall, J AF Lovellette, Michael N. Wood, Kent S. Beall, James GP IEEE TI High energy gamma-rays and modern electronics SO 2008 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2008 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID EGRET OBSERVATIONS; EMISSION AB As requirements for satellite on-board processing throughput continue to increase, users of radiation tolerant electronics are driven to ever decreasing feature sizes. As device feature sizes drop below the current radiation hardened capabilities of 130 nm one should include more of the high-energy space environment in the analysis of the potential effects. The effects due to particle showers produced by very high-energy celestial Gamma-rays and charged particles have been neglected to date because of their low numbers, but small feature size large area devices may have susceptibilities. C1 [Lovellette, Michael N.; Wood, Kent S.] USN, Res Lab, Code 7655, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Beall, James] St Johns College, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Lovellette, MN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7655, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.lovellette@nrl.navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-1487-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 2266 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC00 UT WOS:000258321201082 ER PT S AU Jaffe, P Clifford, G Summers, J AF Jaffe, Paul Clifford, Greg Summers, Jeff GP IEEE TI SpaceWire for Operationally Responsive Space SO 2008 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2008 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The rapid integration, launch, and deployment of satellites in response to emerging needs have been a focus of various organizations. This concept has been termed "Operationally Responsive Space" (ORS) by the United States Department of Defense (USDOD). One vision of ORS calls for the positioning in a depot of interchangeable satellite payloads and spacecraft buses with a common interface. Upon direction to deploy a particular mission, the appropriate payload would be selected and integrated with a bus, and the space vehicle would be launched. To support such a system, standardized hardware and software interfaces are needed between the payload and bus. For the development of ORS Bus Standards, the SpaceWire standard (ECSS-E-50-12A) has been specified as part of such a payload-bus interface for high rate data. Data interfaces can be modeled in a number of ways, such as with the OSI layer model. SpaceWire offers the appeal of standardization of physical, data, and network layers. The TacSat-4 satellite, part of the USDOD TacSat experiment series, is intended as a combination of a prototype Standardized Bus for small satellite national security missions and an example payload. This implementation includes an instance of the SpaceWire interface called out in the ORS Payload Developer's Guide. For the bus and payload SpaceWire interfaces, existing SpaceWire logic designs were used, notably the gate array core developed by NASA GSFC. This was intended as a demonstration for ORS that use of existing and freely available intellectual property can streamline design, enhance reliability, and empower instrument and payload vendors.(12). C1 [Jaffe, Paul] USN, Res Lab, Code 8243,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Clifford, Greg] Silver Engn Inc, Melbourne, FL 32904 USA. [Summers, Jeff] MicroSat Syst Inc, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. RP Jaffe, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8243,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.jaffe@nrl.navy.mil; gclifford@silvereng.com; jsummers@microsatsystems.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-1487-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 2647 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC00 UT WOS:000258321201122 ER PT S AU Byington, CS Watson, MJ Amin, S Begin, M AF Byington, Carl S. Watson, Matthew J. Amin, Sanket Begin, Michael GP IEEE TI False alarm mitigation of vibration diagnostic systems SO 2008 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2008 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID FUSION AB False alarms in legacy aircraft diagnostic systems have negatively impacted fleet maintenance costs and mission readiness. As the industry moves towards more advanced Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) solutions, a reduction in false alarms is needed to reduce the cost and readiness burdens that have plagued legacy systems. It is therefore important to understand why these false alarms occur and how they are generated so appropriate mitigation solutions can be included in next-generation diagnostic systems. This paper examines four major sources of false alarms in the development of vibration diagnostics (faulty sensor performance, transient system operating conditions, improper health indicator selection, and inadequate fault detection logic) and details a solution designed to mitigate their impact. An overview of the developed False Alarm Statistics Toolbox for PHM (FAST PHM(TM)) software is also provided to illustrate how the software guides design engineers through the processes of verifying data, processing for diagnostic features, analyzing feature performances, developing "virtual" features through fusion, and deriving statistically optimized feature thresholds. The developed approach will improve the overall performance, robustness, and reliability of vibration diagnostic and prognostics systems. C1 [Byington, Carl S.; Watson, Matthew J.; Amin, Sanket] Impact Technol LLC, 200 Canal View Blvd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Begin, Michael] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Byington, CS (reprint author), Impact Technol LLC, 200 Canal View Blvd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM carl.byington@impact-tek.com; michael.begin@navy.mil FU Naval Air Warfare Centre (NAVAIR); Joint Strike Fighter program office; Navy Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) program FX This work has significantly benefited from the invaluable support from the Naval Air Warfare Centre (NAVAIR) and Joint Strike Fighter program office. The authors would also like to acknowledge financial support for this work provided through the Navy Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) program. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-1487-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 3801 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC00 UT WOS:000258321202077 ER PT B AU Dorsey, WM Zaghloul, AI Parent, MG AF Dorsey, W. M. Zaghloul, A. I. Parent, M. G. GP IEEE TI Perturbed Square Ring Slot with Reconfigurable Polarization SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID CIRCULAR-POLARIZATION; SWITCHABLE POLARIZATION; MICROSTRIP ANTENNA; DESIGN AB A perturbed slot with reconfigurable polarization is presented that allows operation in LHCP, RHCP, or LP. This antenna topology is well-suited for wireless communications applications requiring polarization diversity. This design is realizable using cost effective printed circuit board technology making it an attractive design for low cost personal communications devices. C1 [Dorsey, W. M.; Zaghloul, A. I.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, ECE Dept, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Dorsey, W. M.; Parent, M. G.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC USA. RP Dorsey, WM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, ECE Dept, Blacksburg, VA USA. EM wmdorsey@vt.edu; amirz@vt.edu; parent@radar.nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 97 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440600025 ER PT B AU Jenn, D Grahn, M Gomez-Noris, JS Broadston, R Djerf, P Tornazakis, I AF Jenn, D. Grahn, M. Gomez-Noris, J. S. Broadston, R. Djerf, P. Tornazakis, I. GP IEEE TI DEMONSTRATION OF A DISTRIBUTED DIGITAL PHASED ARRAY WITH WIRELESS BEAMFORMING SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE C1 [Jenn, D.; Grahn, M.; Gomez-Noris, J. S.; Broadston, R.; Djerf, P.; Tornazakis, I.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jenn, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 1848 EP 1851 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440601075 ER PT B AU Kwai, KW Pace, PE Jenn, DC Chen, JC AF Kwai, K. W. Pace, P. E. Jenn, D. C. Chen, J. C. GP IEEE TI ROBUST SYMMETRICAL NUMBER SYSTEM DIRECTION FINDING ARRAYS WITH VIRTUAL SPACING SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE C1 [Kwai, K. W.; Pace, P. E.; Jenn, D. C.; Chen, J. C.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kwai, KW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 1856 EP 1859 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440601077 ER PT B AU Lee, A Jerm, DC Pace, PE AF Lee, A. Jerm, D. C. Pace, P. E. GP IEEE TI DEMONSTRATION OF A LOW COST HIGH RESOLUTION RSNS DIGITAL DIRECTION FINDING ARRAY SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE C1 [Lee, A.; Jerm, D. C.; Pace, P. E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lee, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 1864 EP 1867 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440601079 ER PT B AU Sarkar, TK Mokote, E Salazar-Palma, M AF Sarkar, Tapan K. Mokote, Eric Salazar-Palma, Magdalena GP IEEE TI Signal Enhancement in a Near-Field MIMO Environment through Adaptivity on Transmit and Polarization Diversity SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE C1 [Sarkar, Tapan K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Mokote, Eric] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Salazar-Palma, Magdalena] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Teoria Senaly & Commun, Leganes 28911, Spain. RP Sarkar, TK (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM tksarkar@syr.edu; eric.mokole@nil.nayy.mil; m.salazar-palma@ieee.org RI Salazar Palma, Magdalena/C-4447-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 1936 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440601097 ER PT B AU Paraschos, GN Kindt, R Schaubert, DH Vouvakis, MN AF Paraschos, Georgios N. Kindt, Rick Schaubert, Daniel H. Vouvakis, Marinos N. GP IEEE TI Radiation and Coupling Studies of Finite-size Dual Polarized Vivaldi Arrays Using a Domain Decomposition FEM SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE C1 [Paraschos, Georgios N.; Schaubert, Daniel H.; Vouvakis, Marinos N.] Univ Massachusetts, ECE Dept, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Kindt, Rick] US Navy, Res Lab, Radar Devis, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Paraschos, GN (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, ECE Dept, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. FU ANSOFT Corporation; Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems FX This work was supported in part by ANSOFT Corporation through a graduate fellowship and Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 2490 EP 2493 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440601235 ER PT B AU Lambert, JR Balanis, CA DeCarlo, D AF Lambert, Jeremy R. Balanis, Constantine A. DeCarlo, Dennis GP IEEE TI Spherical Cap CRPAs for GPS SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; COMMUNICATION C1 [Lambert, Jeremy R.; Balanis, Constantine A.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [DeCarlo, Dennis] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Lambert, JR (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 4190 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440602277 ER PT B AU Laynbert, JR Balanis, CA DeCarlo, D AF Laynbert, Jeremy R. Balanis, Constantine A. DeCarlo, Dennis GP IEEE TI Effects of Auxiliary Element Gain on the Performance of Power Minimization GPS CRPAs SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE C1 [Laynbert, Jeremy R.; Balanis, Constantine A.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [DeCarlo, Dennis] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Laynbert, JR (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 4194 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440602278 ER PT B AU Sarkar, TK Salazar-Palma, M Mokole, E AF Sarkar, Tapan K. Salazar-Palma, Magdalena Mokole, Eric GP IEEE TI What Is the Appropriate Physical Form of Channel Capacity to Use for Wireless Communication SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE C1 [Sarkar, Tapan K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Salazar-Palma, Magdalena] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Teoria Senaly Commun, Leganes 28911, Spain. [Mokole, Eric] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sarkar, TK (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM tksarkar@syr.edu; m.salazar-palma@ieee.org; eric.mokole@nrl.navy.mil RI Salazar Palma, Magdalena/C-4447-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 4271 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440602298 ER PT S AU Shannon, R Richardson, T Koepping, C Alwardt, AL AF Shannon, Russell Richardson, Thomas Koepping, Craig Alwardt, Anthony L. GP IEEE TI Enabling Net-Centric Diagnostics in the F/A-18 Automated Maintenance Environment SO 2008 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual IEEE AUTOTESTCON Conference CY SEP 08-11, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc DE Net-centric; Smart TPS; LXI; AME; F/A-18; ATFLIR; SHARP; ATML AB For the past eight years, the AN/USM-681 Electro-Optics Pallet/Pod Tester (EOPT) system has been the main on-aircraft support equipment (SE) item used to test and troubleshoot the AN/ASD-10 Advanced Tactical Aerial Reconnaissance System (ATARS), the AN/ASD-12 Shared Reconnaissance Pod (SHARP), and the AN/ASQ-228 Advanced Targeting Forward Looking Infrared (ATFLIR) Pod Parts obsolescence issues have caused significant increases in the cost and time to repair and/or procure an EOPT Developing a replacement for the EOPT was an opportunity to reduce maintenance costs and implement net-centric diagnostics within the F/A-18 automated maintenance environment (AME). This paper describes the first year of a two-year Technology Transition Initiative (TTI) in which the tester hardware was redesigned to mitigate obsolescence by leveraging Local Area Network eXtensions for Instrumentation (LXI) technology, and a net-centric diagnostics framework (NCDF) was designed to enable the bi-directional exchange of test data and maintenance data for smarter testing in both the on-aircraft and off-aircraft maintenance environments, leveraging existing technologies, such as Smart TPS. C1 [Shannon, Russell; Richardson, Thomas; Koepping, Craig] Naval Air Syst Command, Highway 547, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. [Alwardt, Anthony L.] Boeing Co, St Louis, MO 63156 USA. RP Shannon, R (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Highway 547, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. EM russell.shannon@navy.mil; anthony.l.alwardt@boeing.com FU PMA-265; Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD); PMA-260 FX The authors wish to thank PMA-265, the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) and PMA-260 for their continued support. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-2225-8 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2008 BP 42 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIZ84 UT WOS:000264052700008 ER PT S AU Flynn, M AF Flynn, Michael GP IEEE TI REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF AUTOMATED MEASURMENT SYSTEMS SO 2008 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual IEEE AUTOTESTCON Conference CY SEP 08-11, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc DE Measurement System Analysis; Process Capability; Principal Component Analysis; ANOVA; MANOVA; Gage R&R AB Automated measurement systems are dependent upon successfully application of multiple integrated systems to perform measurement analysis on various units-under-tests (UUT)s. Proper testing, fault isolation and detection of a UUT are contingent upon accurate measurements of the automated measurement system. This paper extends previous presentation from 2007 AUTOTESTCON on the applicability of measurement system analysis for automated measurement systems. The motivation for this research was to reduce risk of transportability issues from legacy measurement systems to emerging systems. Improving regression testing utilizing parametric metadata for large scale automated measurement systems over existing regression testing techniques which provides engineers, developers and management increased confidence that mission performance is not compromised. The utilization of existing software statistical tools such as Minitab(R) provides the necessary statistical techniques to evaluate measurement capability of automated measurement systems. By applying measurement system analysis to assess the measurement variability between the US Navy's two prime automated test systems the Consolidated Automated Support System (CASS) and the Reconfigurable-Transportable Consolidated Automated Support System (RTCASS). Measurement system analysis shall include capability analysis between one selected CASS and RTCASS instrument to validate measurement process capability; general linear model to assess variability between stations, multivariate analysis to analyze measurement variability of UUTs between measurement systems, and gage repeatability and reproducibility analysis to isolate sources of variability at the UUT testing level. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Flynn, M (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, PMA260 Aviat Support Equipment,22272 Buse Rd Bldg, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-2225-8 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2008 BP 79 EP 85 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIZ84 UT WOS:000264052700014 ER PT S AU Crapse, P Wang, JJ Shin, YJ Dougal, R Mai, T Molnar, J Tran, L AF Crapse, Philip Wang, Jingjiang Shin, Yong-June Dougal, Roger Mai, Trang Molnar, Joseph Tran, Lan GP IEEE TI Design of Optimized Reference Signal for Joint Time-Frequency Domain Reflectometry-based Wiring Diagnostics SO 2008 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual IEEE AUTOTESTCON Conference CY SEP 08-11, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc DE Joint Time-Frequency Domain Reflectometry (JTFDR); diagnostics; optimization; reference signal; reflectometry ID LOCATION AB In order to maintain the integrity and safe operation of a power system, a state-of-the-art wiring diagnostic technique is imperative. Joint Time-Frequency Domain Reflectometry (JTFDR) is proposed as an ideal solution due to it's customizable reference signal and unique time-frequency cross-correlation function. The reference signal depends on three parameters: center frequency, bandwidth, and time duration. Previously, these parameters were chosen based on the frequency characteristics of the cable under test. This paper will fully analyze the changing effects of a wide-range of parameter combinations on two different types of defects. It is determined that there exist optimal reference signal parameters for particular defect types. With this knowledge, JTFDR is able to more sensitively detect various defect types over a longer distance than previously possible. C1 [Crapse, Philip; Wang, Jingjiang; Shin, Yong-June; Dougal, Roger] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Mai, Trang; Molnar, Joseph; Tran, Lan] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Crapse, P (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM shinjune@engr.sc.edu FU U.S. ONR Electric Ship Research and Development Consortium [N0001408-10080]; National Science Foundation [0747681] FX The work reported in this paper was supported by the U.S. ONR Electric Ship Research and Development Consortium under Grants N0001408-10080 and National Science Foundation Grants #0747681, CAREER: Diagnostics and Prognostics of Electric Cables in Aging Power Infrastructure. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-2225-8 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2008 BP 209 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIZ84 UT WOS:000264052700040 ER PT B AU McDermott, BG Beranek, MW Hackert, MJ AF McDermott, Brian G. Beranek, Mark W. Hackert, Michael J. GP IEEE TI AIR VEHICLE FIBER OPTIC CABLE INFRASTRUCTURE SO 2008 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Avonic, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 [McDermott, Brian G.; Beranek, Mark W.; Hackert, Michael J.] USN Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP McDermott, BG (reprint author), USN Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1919-7 PY 2008 BP 17 EP 18 DI 10.1109/AVFOP.2008.4653154 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIZ63 UT WOS:000263987800009 ER PT B AU Beranek, M Ahadian, J Kuznia, C Pregger, B AF Beranek, Mark Ahadian, Joseph Kuznia, Charles Pregger, Bruce GP IEEE TI BROKEN AEROSPACE FIBER OPTIC CABLE CHARACTERIZATION SO 2008 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Avonic, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 [Beranek, Mark; Pregger, Bruce] USN Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. [Ahadian, Joseph; Kuznia, Charles] Ultra Commun, Vista, CA USA. RP Beranek, M (reprint author), USN Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1919-7 PY 2008 BP 19 EP + DI 10.1109/AVFOP.2008.4653155 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIZ63 UT WOS:000263987800010 ER PT B AU Hackert, MJ Beranek, MW McDermott, BG AF Hackert, Michael J. Beranek, Mark W. McDermott, Brian G. GP IEEE TI DEVELOPMENT OF AN OPTICAL FIBER CABLE PLANT FOR SIXTH GENERATION AVIONICS NETWORKS SO 2008 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Avonic, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc AB Avionics networks have slowly evolved from simple radios and electromechanical control servos to sophisticated inter-networked suites of systems which provide integrated interfaces to platform aircrew and subsystems as well as connections to the global information grid for network centric warfare. This paper describes the development and current standardization of an optically transparent, future-proofed cable plant that can support the aerospace industry's transition to high speed, high connectivity optical networking that can survive the 25-100 year life of the airframe. C1 [Hackert, Michael J.; Beranek, Mark W.; McDermott, Brian G.] USN Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Hackert, MJ (reprint author), USN Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1919-7 PY 2008 BP 21 EP 22 DI 10.1109/AVFOP.2008.4653156 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIZ63 UT WOS:000263987800011 ER PT B AU Urick, VJ Diehl, J Hastings, AS Devgan, PS AF Urick, Vincent J. Diehl, John Hastings, Alexander S. Devgan, Preetpaul S. GP IEEE TI LASER AND PHOTODIODE REQUIREMENTS FOR ANALOG PHOTONICS SO 2008 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Avonic, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 [Urick, Vincent J.; Hastings, Alexander S.; Devgan, Preetpaul S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Diehl, John] SFA Inc, Largo, MD 21114 USA. RP Urick, VJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1919-7 PY 2008 BP 27 EP + DI 10.1109/AVFOP.2008.4653159 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIZ63 UT WOS:000263987800014 ER PT B AU Nicholls, D Avak, A Mazurowski, J AF Nicholls, David Avak, Anthony Mazurowski, John GP IEEE TI PHOTONIC COMPONENT AND SUBSYSTEM RELIABILITY MODELING SO 2008 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Avonic, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 [Nicholls, David] Quanter Solut, Utica, NY USA. [Avak, Anthony] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. [Mazurowski, John] Penn State Univ Electroopt Ctr, Freeport, PA USA. RP Nicholls, D (reprint author), Quanter Solut, Utica, NY USA. FU Naval Air Systems Command through the Penn State Electro-Optics Center [N00421-03-D-0044] FX This work was sponsored by the Naval Air Systems Command through the Penn State Electro-Optics Center under Contract N00421-03-D-0044 Delivery Order 08. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1919-7 PY 2008 BP 49 EP + DI 10.1109/AVFOP.2008.4653170 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIZ63 UT WOS:000263987800025 ER PT B AU Habiby, SF Hackert, MJ AF Habiby, Sarry F. Hackert, Michael J. GP IEEE TI RONIA RESULTS: WDM-BASED OPTICAL NETWORKS IN AIRCRAFT APPLICATIONS SO 2008 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Avonic, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 [Habiby, Sarry F.] Telcordia Technol, Red Bank, NJ USA. [Hackert, Michael J.] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Habiby, SF (reprint author), Telcordia Technol, Red Bank, NJ USA. FU DARPA [HR0011-07-C-0028] FX RONIA Project: Program Manager Adel Saleh, DARPA/STO; DARPA Contract: HR0011-07-C-0028. Participants: Telcordia (prime), AFRL, Boeing, Lockheed Martin and NAVAIR. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1919-7 PY 2008 BP 71 EP + DI 10.1109/AVFOP.2008.4653181 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIZ63 UT WOS:000263987800034 ER PT B AU Xia, M Moslehi, B Mukherjee, B Behbahani, A Millar, R AF Xia, Ming Moslehi, Behzad Mukherjee, Biswanath Behbahani, Alireza Millar, Richard GP IEEE TI CORIN/DORIN: A WDM-ENABLED PLATFORM FOR AERO-ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEMS SO 2008 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Avonic, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 [Xia, Ming; Mukherjee, Biswanath] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Moslehi, Behzad] Intelligent Fiber Opt Syst Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. [Behbahani, Alireza] WPAFB, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Millar, Richard] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Xia, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1919-7 PY 2008 BP 77 EP + DI 10.1109/AVFOP.2008.4653184 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIZ63 UT WOS:000263987800037 ER PT B AU Lange, M Anumolu, P Beranek, M Harres, D AF Lange, Michael Anumolu, Praveen Beranek, Mark Harres, Daniel GP IEEE TI THE SAE AS5603 LINK LOSS POWER BUDGET METHODOLOGY FOR AEROSPACE PLATFORMS STANDARD SO 2008 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Avonic, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 [Lange, Michael] Harris Corp, Melbourne, FL 32919 USA. [Anumolu, Praveen] Northrop Grumman, Bethpage, NY USA. [Beranek, Mark] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Harres, Daniel] Boeing, St Louis, MO USA. RP Lange, M (reprint author), Harris Corp, Melbourne, FL 32919 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1919-7 PY 2008 BP 79 EP + DI 10.1109/AVFOP.2008.4653185 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIZ63 UT WOS:000263987800038 ER PT B AU Enlow, D Sroga, J Christopher, A Mazurowski, J Ditto, D Hackert, M AF Enlow, David Sroga, Jeff Christopher, Anthony Mazurowski, John Ditto, David Hackert, Michael GP IEEE TI AUTOMATION: THE MEANS TO HIGH RELIABILITY AEROSPACE FIBER OPTIC CABLES SO 2008 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Avonic, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 [Enlow, David; Sroga, Jeff] Lockheed Martin Space Syst, Newtown, PA USA. [Christopher, Anthony] kSARIA Corp, Lawrence, MA 01844 USA. [Mazurowski, John; Ditto, David] Penn State Univ, Opt Elect Ctr, Freeport, PA USA. [Hackert, Michael] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Enlow, D (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Space Syst, Newtown, PA USA. FU Office of Naval Research [N0001499-20005]; Naval Air Systems Command [N0042103-D-0044] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under contract number N0001499-20005 and the Naval Air Systems Command under contract number N0042103-D-0044. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1919-7 PY 2008 BP 91 EP + DI 10.1109/AVFOP.2008.4653191 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIZ63 UT WOS:000263987800044 ER PT B AU Coerr, SS AF Coerr, Stanton S. GP IEEE TI MANTIS multi-attribute networked terrorism identification system - A neural paradigm for fighting the jihad SO 2008 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 12-13, 2008 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE, Massachusetts Port Author, SAIC, Raytheon, EADS N Amer, ARES Corp, AVERT, Appl Signal Technol, Homeland Secur Daily Wire, Sugarspun Ind AB The objective of this proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility and importance of creating an innovative class of multi-attribute behavior signatures. These behavior signatures will provide an invaluable tool to the warfighter for predicting, identifying, detecting, following, and anticipating the activities of members of transnational terrorist groups, whether state-sponsored or independent actors. The primary means of accomplishing this objective is through the identification of particular domestic and international behavior, followed by a correlation of this conduct to worldwide terrorist activities. The newly identified behavior signatures may then be applied to a searchable, multi-attribute, networked terrorism identification system (hereafter "MANTIS"). An application of this kind will be searchable, fungible, scalable and responsive, thereby leveraging disparate data streams and bases of knowledge and allowing the anticipation of enemy activities. Building a tightly focused, intellectually rigorous, accessible application of behaviors indicating terrorist movements, leanings and sympathies, and degrees of dedication to the cause, will enable western minds to analyze, order and act against this threat against which they have a cultural cognitive dissonance. A library of heuristics, built around a robust computer model and leveraging both the Air Force Predictive Battlespace Awareness (PBA) model and the Internet "wiki" phenomenon, while algorithmically cataloging threats, will square the circle on threat analysis.(1) Building heuristics and creating a neural, predictive analytic pathmay will take disparate streams of intelligence, intuition, hearsay, clues and seemingly random bits of innocuous information; organize them; and act upon them. C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Coerr, SS (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1977-7 PY 2008 BP 30 EP 35 DI 10.1109/THS.2008.4534418 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BIA64 UT WOS:000257944200006 ER PT B AU Higgins, B Simonson, D McGill, RA Nguyen, V Stepnowski, J Pai, R Stepnowski, S Rake, M AF Higgins, Bernadette Simonson, Duane McGill, R. Andrew Nguyen, Viet Stepnowski, Jennifer Pai, Rekha Stepnowski, Stanley Rake, Matthew GP IEEE TI Functionalized sorbent membranes for use with ion mobility spectrometry SO 2008 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 12-13, 2008 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE, Massachusetts Port Author, SAIC, Raytheon, EADS N Amer, ARES Corp, AVERT, Appl Signal Technol, Homeland Secur Daily Wire, Sugarspun Ind ID MICROEXTRACTION; EXPLOSIVES AB Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a technique commonly used for trace detection of hazardous chemicals. The inlet of an IMS typically utilizes a membrane made of genetic polymers such as polydimethylsiloxane or polyvinylidene fluoride. These membranes are designed to allow analytes through but protect the detector from dust and keep a controlled relative humidity and pressure. IMS signals can be enhanced using sorbent polymer membranes to concentrate vapors of interest. Specifically, in this work a strong hydrogen bond acid (HBA) sorbent polymer (HCSFA2) was synthesized to reversibly bind with hydrogen bond basic (HBB) analytes. HCSFA2 has suitable thermal stabilities but offers low viscosities above 50 degrees C To mitigate this problem HCSFA2 was combined with fillers to maintain the membrane's physical structure. The HCSFA2 composites were characterized using various techniques including thermogravimetric analysis, optical microscopy, inverse gas chromatography, FTIR, and differential scanning calorimetry. Additionally, data from a membrane interfaced with an ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) is described. C1 [Higgins, Bernadette; Simonson, Duane; McGill, R. Andrew; Nguyen, Viet; Pai, Rekha; Stepnowski, Stanley] USN, Res Lab, Mat & Sensors Branch, Code 6365, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stepnowski, Jennifer; Rake, Matthew] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Higgins, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat & Sensors Branch, Code 6365, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bernadette.higgins@nrl.navy.mil; mcgill@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1977-7 PY 2008 BP 139 EP + DI 10.1109/THS.2008.4534438 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BIA64 UT WOS:000257944200026 ER PT B AU Pai, RS Mott, DR Stepnowski, JL McGill, RA Higgins, BA Simonson, DL AF Pai, Rekha S. Mott, David R. Stepnowski, Jennifer L. McGill, R. Andrew Higgins, Bernadette A. Simonson, Duane L. GP IEEE TI Microfabricated gas chromatograph for trace analysis SO 2008 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 12-13, 2008 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE, Massachusetts Port Author, SAIC, Raytheon, EADS N Amer, ARES Corp, AVERT, Appl Signal Technol, Homeland Secur Daily Wire, Sugarspun Ind ID COLUMNS; FABRICATION; DESIGN AB Microfabricated portable gas analyzers with high sensitivity and selectivity offer utility in a variety of critical applications including aviation security, food safety and toxic industrial waste monitoring. An integral component of such analyzers is the gas chromatographic (GC) column which is used for separations of an injected mixture based on the relative sorption of the various analytes in the carrier gas by the stationary phase. In this interim report, we describe our efforts in the design and development of a microfabricated GC column for the trace detection of hazardous chemicals. Specifically, in this work an optimized serpentine layout with a circular cross-sectional profile has been microfabricated In this work, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling has been employed as a method to aid in the GC column design optimization. Selectivity to hazardous hydrogen bond basic (HBB) analytes (e g TNT, GB, VX) was achieved by using an NRL developed hydrogen bond acid (HBA) sorbent polymer HCSFA2 as the stationary phase. HCSFA2 offers a higher partition coefficient than the more commonly used polysiloxanes. C1 [Pai, Rekha S.; McGill, R. Andrew; Higgins, Bernadette A.; Simonson, Duane L.] USN, Res Lab, Mat & Sensors Branch, Code 6365, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mott, David R.] USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Branch Code, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stepnowski, Jennifer L.] Noval Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Pai, RS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat & Sensors Branch, Code 6365, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rekha.pai@nrl.navy.mil; mcgill@nrl.navy.mil OI Mott, David/0000-0002-7863-456X FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research (ONR) for financial support. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not represent the opinion or policy of the US Navy, Department of Defense, or the Federal Government NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1977-7 PY 2008 BP 150 EP + DI 10.1109/THS.2008.4534440 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BIA64 UT WOS:000257944200028 ER PT B AU Singh, G AF Singh, Gurminder GP IEEE TI Information sharing for emergency response SO 2008 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 12-13, 2008 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE, Massachusetts Port Author, SAIC, Raytheon, EADS N Amer, ARES Corp, AVERT, Appl Signal Technol, Homeland Secur Daily Wire, Sugarspun Ind DE emergency services; military information systems; distributed information systems AB TwiddleNet uses smartphones as personal servers to enable instant content capture and dissemination for first-responders. It supports the information sharing needs of first responders in the early stages of an emergency response operation. In TwiddleNet, content, once captured, is automatically tagged and disseminated using one of the several networking channels available in smartphones. TwiddleNet pays special attention to minimizing the equipment, network set-up time, and content capture and dissemination effort. It can support small teams of emergency responders in the first 48-72 hours of an emergency response by using smartphone-based infrastructure and scale up to handle a much larger number of users with a more robust backend. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Singh, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1977-7 PY 2008 BP 421 EP 425 DI 10.1109/THS.2008.4534489 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BIA64 UT WOS:000257944200077 ER PT B AU Smith, JF AF Smith, James F., III GP IEEE TI Co-evolving Fuzzy Decision Trees and Scenarios SO 2008 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation CY JUN 01-06, 2008 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE AB A co-evolutionary data mining algorithm has been invented that automatically generates decision logic in the form of fuzzy decision trees (FDTs). The algorithm initially uses a genetic program (GP) to mine a database of scenarios to automatically create the fuzzy logic. This is followed by the application of a genetic algorithm (GA) that is used to search for pathological scenarios (PS) that result in unsatisfactory performance by the fuzzy logic found by the GP. The fuzzy logic found in the previous step by the GP along with failure criteria (FC) is used to form the fitness function for the GA. If the GA fails to find pathological scenarios then the co-evolution ends; otherwise, the new scenarios are appended to the GP's database followed by GP based data mining and a GA scenario search. A detailed description of the co-evolution of a fuzzy decision tree for real-time control of unmanned air vehicles is provided. The fitness functions for the GP, terminal set, function set, and methods of accelerating convergence are included. The fitness function for the GA and a method of representing scenarios as chromosomes are given. Simulations related to validation of the fuzzy logic are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.smith@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1822-0 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2008 BP 3167 EP 3176 DI 10.1109/CEC.2008.4631227 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIW46 UT WOS:000263406502001 ER PT B AU Triola, LC AF Triola, Larry C. GP IEEE TI Energy & National Security: An Exploration of Threats, Solutions, and Alternative Futures SO 2008 IEEE ENERGY 2030 CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy 2030 Conference CY NOV 17-18, 2008 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE AB Findings of multiple Department of Defense (DoD) studies and other sources indicate that the United States faces a cluster of significant security threats caused by how the country obtains, distributes, and uses energy,. This paper explores the nature and magnitude of the security, threats as related to energy-some potential solutions, which include technical, political, and programmatic options; and some alternative futures the nation may face depending upon various choices of actions and assumptions. Specific emerging options addressed include Polywell fusion, renewable fuel from waste and algae cultivation, all-electric vehicle fleets, highly-efficient heat engines, and special military energy considerations. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Asymmetr Def Syst Dept, Dahlgren Div,Futurist Expeditionary & Natl Respon, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Triola, LC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Asymmetr Def Syst Dept, Dahlgren Div,Futurist Expeditionary & Natl Respon, 18444 Frontage Rd,Bldg 1470,Suite 325, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM larry.triola@navy.mil NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2850-2 PY 2008 BP 367 EP 413 PG 47 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJF61 UT WOS:000265454500061 ER PT S AU Baran, RH Jeon, C Han, DK Ko, H AF Baran, Robert H. Jeon, Changwon Han, David K. Ko, Hanseok GP IEEE TI More powerful discriminants for classifying phylogenetic signals in dinucleotide frequencies SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1-12 SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY MAR 30-APR 04, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV DE biomedical signal processing; DNA; error analysis; pattern classification; software performance ID GENOMIC SIGNATURE; PROKARYOTES AB Microbial DNA fragments are classified according to species using compositional features and "genomic signatures" the oldest of which is the dinucleotide relative abundance profile defined by Karlin et al. More informative features, including higher order signatures, have demonstrated greater species-specificity in comparison to the baseline established by the dinucleotide signature using "delta-distance" to assess dissimilarity; but lack of standard methods has precluded rigorous comparison. We describe a new method for classifier evaluation that reduces any number of pair-wise inter-genomic comparisons to a single performance measure. To illustrate the method, we compare delta-distance to quadratic and linear discriminants prescribed by elementary pattern recognition theory, and find that the quadratic form is significantly more powerful. C1 [Baran, Robert H.; Jeon, Changwon; Ko, Hanseok] Korea Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Seoul, South Korea. [Han, David K.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Baran, RH (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Seoul, South Korea. EM hsko@korea.ac.kr NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4244-1483-3 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2008 BP 605 EP + DI 10.1109/ICASSP.2008.4517682 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Telecommunications SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Telecommunications GA BHY47 UT WOS:000257456700152 ER PT S AU Nelson, JK Rowe, EG Carter, GC AF Nelson, Jill K. Rowe, Errol G. Carter, G. Clifford GP IEEE TI Detection capabilities of randomly-deployed underwater sensors SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1-12 SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY MAR 30-APR 04, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV DE underwater detection; sensor networks; distributed detection AB A problem of interest in ocean engineering is the defense of a particular region of the ocean, often referred to as a sea base. Among the primary challenges in defending the sea base is effective and efficient detection of intruders that travel through the space. A recent focus on undersea distributed networked systems (UDNS) has raised the question of how effectively small, randomly distributed sensors can detect such intruders relative to larger sensing platforms. We develop an analytical framework for characterizing the detection performance of a set of sensors deployed within a sea base. Focusing on the detection of a target traveling a straight line, we employ our framework to compare the performance of various sensing approaches as a function of the number of sensors, sensing radius, sensor location, and sensor cost. Our results reveal that, when sensor cost scales with sensing radius, the detection vs. cost trade-off can be improved by employing a larger number of less powerful sensors. C1 [Nelson, Jill K.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Rowe, Errol G.; Carter, G. Clifford] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Nelson, JK (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4244-1483-3 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2008 BP 1493 EP + DI 10.1109/ICASSP.2008.4517904 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Telecommunications SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Telecommunications GA BHY47 UT WOS:000257456701035 ER PT S AU Gulum, TO Pace, PE Cristi, R AF Gulum, T. O. Pace, P. E. Cristi, R. GP IEEE TI Extraction of polyphase radar modulation parameters using a Wigner-Viille distribution - Radon transform SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1-12 SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY MAR 30-APR 04, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV DE Wigner-Ville distribution; modulation parameters; Radon transform AB Often used in low probability of intercept continuous waveform (CW) emitters, polyphase modulations can have extremely long code lengths (large processing gain), good sidelobe performance and robust Doppler tolerance. This paper presents an efficient algorithm to autonomously extract the polyphase radar modulation parameters from an intercepted waveform. using a Wigner-Ville Radon transform. Results show that our method results in a small relative error in the extracted parameters for signal-to-noise ratios as low as 6 dB. C1 [Gulum, T. O.; Pace, P. E.; Cristi, R.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gulum, TO (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4244-1483-3 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2008 BP 1505 EP 1508 DI 10.1109/ICASSP.2008.4517907 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Telecommunications SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Telecommunications GA BHY47 UT WOS:000257456701038 ER PT S AU Wagner, KT Doroslovacki, MI AF Wagner, Kevin T. Doroslovacki, Milos I. GP IEEE TI Towards analytical convergence analysis of proportionate-type, NLMS algorithms SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1-12 SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY MAR 30-APR 04, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV DE adaptive filtering; convergence; proportionate-type normalized least mean square (PtNLMS) algorithm; sparse impulse response AB To date no theoretical results have been developed to predict the performance of the proportionate normalized least mean square (PNLMS) algorithm or any of its cousin algorithms such as the mu-law PNLMS (MPNLMS), and the epsilon-law PNLMS (EPNLMS). In this paper we develop an analytic approach to predicting the performance of the simplified PNLMS algorithm which is closely related to the PNLMS algorithm. In particular we demonstrate die ability to predict the Mean Square Output Error of the simplified PNLMS algorithm using our theory. C1 [Wagner, Kevin T.] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Doroslovacki, Milos I.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Wagner, KT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4244-1483-3 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2008 BP 3825 EP + DI 10.1109/ICASSP.2008.4518487 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Telecommunications SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Telecommunications GA BHY47 UT WOS:000257456702279 ER PT B AU Levush, B AF Levush, Baruch GP IEEE TI Recent advances in Vacuum Electronics SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROWAVES, COMMUNICATIONS, ANTENNAS AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronic Systems CY MAY 13-14, 2008 CL Tel Aviv, ISRAEL SP IEEE ID MICROWAVE-POWER MODULE; KA-BAND; BEAM KLYSTRON; AMPLIFIERS; DESIGN; RF C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Levush, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2097-1 PY 2008 BP 391 EP 396 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIG40 UT WOS:000259299900053 ER PT S AU Chung, TH Burdick, JW AF Chung, Timothy H. Burdick, Joel W. GP IEEE TI Multi-agent probabilistic search in a sequential decision-theoretic framework SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE ID TARGETS AB Consider the task of searching a region for the presence or absence of a target using a team of multiple searchers. This paper formulates this search problem as a sequential probabilistic decision, which enables analysis and design of efficient and robust search control strategies. Imperfect detections of the target's possible locations are made by each search agent and shared with teammates. This information is used to update the evolving decision variable which represents the belief that the target is present in the region. The sequential decision-theoretic formulation presented in this paper provides an analytic framework to evaluate team search systems, as it includes a performance metric (time until decision), a measure of uncertainty (decision confidence thresholds) and imperfect information gathering (detection error). Strategies for cooperative search are evaluated in this context, and comparisons between homogeneous and hybrid search strategies are investigated in numerical studies. C1 [Chung, Timothy H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Burdick, Joel W.] CALTECH, Dept Mech Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Chung, TH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM thchung@nps.edu; jwb@robotics.caltech.edu NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-1646-2 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2008 BP 146 EP + DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2008.4543200 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BIB31 UT WOS:000258095000023 ER PT S AU Esposito, JM AF Esposito, Joel M. GP IEEE TI Distributed grasp synthesis for swarm manipulation with applications to autonomous tugboats SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE ID ANTS; OBJECTS; 3-D AB Assume a swarm of mobile robots is in the act of transporting a large object in the plane, by applying unilateral forces to the perimeter of that object. We address the question of where a new robot, joining the group, should establish contact with the object to maximally improve the manipulation capabilities of the swarm. Inspired by the literature on multi-fingered hands, we synthesize a grasp by incrementally optimizing a grasp quality function. We adapt the quality function in several important ways to accommodate the distributed nature of the swarm problem. We show that the objective function is quasi-concave, which has important implications for uniqueness and scalability of the solution; and present a solution methodology. We apply the resulting framework to the example of a large swarm of autonomous tug boats towing a barge, taken from our larger research program. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Esposito, JM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-1646-2 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2008 BP 1489 EP 1494 DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2008.4543412 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BIB31 UT WOS:000258095001024 ER PT S AU Bishop, BE AF Bishop, Bradley E. GP IEEE TI Swarm-based object manipulation using redundant manipulator analogs SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE ID VEHICLES; ROBOTS AB In this paper, we present a method utilizing manipulability concepts and redundant manipulator analogs for swarm manipulation of a rigid object in the plane using autonomous surface vessels. The key concepts involve maximizing some metric defined in relation to a manipulability ellipsoid, which represents the mapping between applied thrust and configuration space accelerations for the object. By casting this problem in the framework of redundant manipulation, the proposed method can be carried out in real time, in a possibly changing environment, and can accommodate nonholonomic vehicles and thrust limits on the swarm. The controller includes attachment pose optimization, engagement control as the ASVs approach and attach to the object, and the manipulation control. Simulation studies demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methods. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bishop, BE (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM bishop@usna.edu NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-1646-2 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2008 BP 1495 EP 1500 DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2008.4543413 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BIB31 UT WOS:000258095001025 ER PT S AU Esposito, J Feemster, M Smith, E AF Esposito, Joel Feemster, Matthew Smith, Erik GP IEEE TI Cooperative manipulation on the water using a swarm of autonomous tugboats SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE ID MOBILE ROBOTS AB In this paper we present a strategy that allows a swarm of autonomous tugboats to cooperatively move a large object on the water. The two main challenges are: (1) the actuators are unidirectional and experience saturation; (2) the hydrodynamics of the system are difficult to characterize. The primary theoretical contribution of the paper addresses the first challenge. We present a tracking controller and force allocation strategy that, despite actuator limitations, result in asymptotically convergent tracking for a certain class of reference trajectories. The primary practical contribution is the introduction of a set of adaptive control laws that address the second challenge by compensating for unknown, and difficult to measure, hydrodynamic parameters. Experimental verification of the controllers is presented using a 1:36 scale model of a U.S. Navy ship, inside the Naval Academy's unique 380 ft testing tank. C1 [Esposito, Joel; Feemster, Matthew] US Naval Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Smith, Erik] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Esposito, J (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM esposito@usna.edu; feemster@usna.edu; eriksmith_89@hotmail.com FU ONR [N0001405WRY20391]; USNA Trident Scholar Program FX J. Esposito and M. Feemster are supported by ONR grant N0001405WRY20391 and E. Smith by the USNA Trident Scholar Program. The authors would also like to thank Norm Tyson, Joseph Bradshaw, Ralph Wicklund, and Bill Lowe of the Systems Engineering Technical Support Division support throughout the project and the Naval Architecture Department of USNA for use of the tow tank facility. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-1646-2 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2008 BP 1501 EP + DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2008.4543414 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BIB31 UT WOS:000258095001026 ER PT B AU Liu, BY Pace, PE Knorr, JB AF Liu, B-Y Pace, P. E. Knorr, J. B. GP IEEE TI HF SKYWAVE FMCW OTH-B SYSTEMS EXPECTED EMITTER FOOTPRINT SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (SOSE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY JUN 02-04, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE OTHR; OTH-B; skywave; radar equation AB This paper begins with the introduction of the best known over-the-horizon radar (OTHR) systems around the world. A model of the maximum detection range for a high frequency (HF) frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) over-the-horizon backscatter (OTH-B) radar is reported. The maximum interception range for a narrowband intercept receiver is also quantified as a function of the minimum required input signal-to-noise ratio. A mathematical model of the ionosphere, PROPLAB, is also used to present a more detailed analysis of the expected performance including the electron density profile, the maximum usable frequency, the skip zone prediction, and the footprint coverage for angles from 0 to 20 degrees. As an example, the simulations focused on the Chinese OTH-B radar system to investigate the expected surveillance capabilities. C1 [Liu, B-Y; Pace, P. E.; Knorr, J. B.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Liu, BY (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pepace@nps.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2172-5 PY 2008 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJE67 UT WOS:000265213000001 ER PT B AU Chen, YQ Pace, PE AF Chen, Y-Q Pace, P. E. GP IEEE TI SIMULATION OF NETWORK-ENABLED RADAR SYSTEMS TO ASSESS THE VALUE OF JAMMING IN A GENERAL RADAR TOPOLOGY SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (SOSE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY JUN 02-04, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE Systems of radars; NCW; Network-centric warfare; Netted radar systems AB This paper explores the concept of a system of diverse and independent radar systems and the corresponding network theory in a network-centric warfare environment. MATLAB simulations are developed to demonstrate the concepts and quantify the network metrics discussed for important netted radar configurations. The effect of electronic attack is also addressed. Simulation results to demonstrate the signal-to-noise ratio performance with and without network synchronization are shown, including the degradation due to electronic attack. C1 [Chen, Y-Q; Pace, P. E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chen, YQ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pepace@nps.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2172-5 PY 2008 BP 7 EP 11 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJE67 UT WOS:000265213000002 ER PT B AU Chen, YQ Pace, PE AF Chen, Y-Q Pace, P. E. GP IEEE TI SIMULATION OF INFORMATION METRICS TO ASSESS THE VALUE OF NETWORKING IN A GENERAL BATTLESPACE TOPOLOGY SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (SOSE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY JUN 02-04, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE NCW; Connectivity measure; Network-centric warfare; OODA; Communication systems AB This paper explores the information network metrics and network theory of a systems-of-systems communication net-centric in a warfare environment. It begins with a discussion of the relationship between the network space and the battlespace. MATLAB simulations are developed to demonstrate the concepts and quantify the network metrics discussed for important information communication system configurations. The effect of electronic attack is also addressed. C1 [Chen, Y-Q; Pace, P. E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chen, YQ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pepace@nps.edu NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2172-5 PY 2008 BP 12 EP 17 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJE67 UT WOS:000265213000003 ER PT B AU Drusinsky, D AF Drusinsky, Doron GP IEEE TI From UML Activity Diagrams to Specification Requirements SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (SOSE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY JUN 02-04, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB Formal verification of system-of-systems uses computer-based techniques to assure that the behavior of a subject system of systems complies with its formal correctness specifications. Such formal specifications are often created on the basis Of natural-language (NL) requirement specifications. While NL documents such as marketing requirement documents and concept-of-operation (CONOPS) documents contain NL requirements, they are almost never complete, i.e., they omit necessary NL requirements. To that end, UML analysis is an increasingly popular technique for requirement elicitation. This paper describes the process of identifying NL requirements of interest from UML analysis diagrams such as activity diagrams) and Message Sequence Diagrams. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Drusinsky, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ddrusins@nps.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2172-5 PY 2008 BP 69 EP 73 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJE67 UT WOS:000265213000013 ER PT B AU Katsis, G Walker, TO Katopodis, P Tummala, M Michael, JB AF Katsis, Grigorios Walker, T. Owens, III Katopodis, Panagiotis Tummala, Murali Michael, J. Bret GP IEEE TI Multistage Security for Hybrid, Large-scale, Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks for Missile Defense SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (SOSE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY JUN 02-04, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE Security; sensor networks; system-of-systems AB Adopting a system-of-systems perspective, a wide area network comprised of ballistic missile defense satellites and terrestrial nodes can be viewed as a hybrid, large-scale, mobile wireless sensor network. Each node is a stand-alone system that consists of a suite of sensors, a transceiver, and a processor. Building on research in the areas of wireless sensor networks and mobile ad hoc networks, this paper proposes an effective and efficient multistage security mechanism for node authentication, data authentication, and data confidentiality. This mechanism satisfies real-time data dissemination requirements imposed by the missile defense application and combines the approaches of public key infrastructure, the TESLA algorithm, and IPSec. Analysis and simulation results are included to demonstrate the delay and throughput performance of the proposed solution. C1 [Katsis, Grigorios; Walker, T. Owens, III; Katopodis, Panagiotis; Tummala, Murali; Michael, J. Bret] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Katsis, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM gkatsis@nps.edu; towalker@nps.edu; pkatopod@nps.edu; mtummala@nps.edu; bmichael@nps.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2172-5 PY 2008 BP 80 EP 85 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJE67 UT WOS:000265213000015 ER PT B AU Huynh, TV Tran, XL AF Huynh, Thomas V. Tran, Xuan-Linh GP IEEE TI Optimal Allocation of Support to Small Manufacturing Enterprises in Defense Projects SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (SOSE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY JUN 02-04, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE Small and medium enterprise (SME); systems engineering; optimal funding allocation; Taguchi method; orthogonal array experiment AB Small and medium enterprises play a vital role in projects to develop Australian military systems. Their recognized lack of systems engineering capability, however, can import risk to the projects in which they participate, unless funding is allocated appropriately to them to improve their systems engineering capabilities. In this work we determine an optimal funding allocation to these enterprises that will minimize risk to the projects by formulating this funding allocation as an assignment problem and then solving it using the Taguchi method. C1 [Huynh, Thomas V.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Tran, Xuan-Linh] Univ South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia. RP Huynh, TV (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM thuynh@nps.edu; Xuan-Linh.Tran@unisa.edu.au RI TRAN, XUAN-LINH/D-1574-2011 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2172-5 PY 2008 BP 223 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJE67 UT WOS:000265213000039 ER PT B AU Huynh, TV Osmundson, JS AF Huynh, Thomas V. Osmundson, John S. GP IEEE TI Scrambling on Electrical Power Grids SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (SOSE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY JUN 02-04, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE Electrical power grid system; random bipartite graph; transaction transferability; scrambling AB Deregulated, the U.S. electrical power grid system has shown the emergence of behaviors that include scrambling by buyers to purchase electricity and unexpected increasing costs of electricity to consumers. To infer those behaviors, in this paper, we adapt a theoretical framework, developed by Newman in his work on spread of epidemic disease on networks, to the propagation of electricity buying and selling in a power grid system. Specifically, we represent the electrical power grid as a random bipartite graph of electricity sellers and buyers, which is then projected to a one-mode network of interacting buyers. The so-called transaction transferability among buyers is calculated as a function of the offered buying prices. The average number of buyers scrambling to buy electricity is obtained as a function of the transaction transferability. Together, the transaction transferability and the average number of scrambling buyers indicate that scrambles for electricity buying drive up costs to buyers. C1 [Huynh, Thomas V.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Osmundson, John S.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Huynh, TV (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM thuynh@nps.edu; josmundson@nps.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2172-5 PY 2008 BP 229 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJE67 UT WOS:000265213000040 ER PT B AU Drusinsky, D Michael, JB Otani, TW Shing, MT AF Drusinsky, Doron Michael, James Bret Otani, Thomas W. Shing, Man-Tak GP IEEE TI Integrating Statechart Assertions into Java Components Using AspectJ SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (SOSE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY JUN 02-04, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE Aspect-oriented software development; formal specification; Statechart assertions; run-time execution monitoring; validation and verification AB This paper addresses the need for rapid and robust integration of external statechart assertions with the software components of a system of systems (SoSes) for the purpose of runtime verification of the complex SoS behaviors. We describe a framework for connecting assertions to statechart models or to plain Java code using AspectJ. The framework manages connections using a single reusable AspectJ file; designers only need to modify a few lines of source code at the top of the file to link the reusable statechart assertions to a new component. We demonstrate the framework with an example involving a traffic light control system. C1 [Drusinsky, Doron; Michael, James Bret; Otani, Thomas W.; Shing, Man-Tak] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Drusinsky, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ddrusins@nps.edu; bmichael@nps.edu; twotani@nps.edu; shing@nps.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2172-5 PY 2008 BP 366 EP 372 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJE67 UT WOS:000265213000062 ER PT B AU Warren, B Michael, JB Shing, MT AF Warren, Bradley Michael, James Bret Shing, Man-Tak GP IEEE TI A Framework for Software Reuse in Safety-Critical System-of-Systems SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (SOSE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY JUN 02-04, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE Framework; metric; process; safety; software reuse; system-of-systems; safety AB We introduce a process-neutral framework for software reuse in safety-critical system-of-systems, and present a new model, called C(5)RA, to capture the relevant component information and to assist in reusable component specification matching that takes software safety into account. The framework consists of four elements: organizational factors, component attributes, component specification, and safety analysis. The paper also presents a set of software safety. metrics for indicating the potential safety problems and risks in reusing the components. We illustrate the application of the framework with an example involving the reuse of a generic avionics software component. Our key findings and products are: congruence between all elements is required; software should posses a number of attributes with metrics that support a design for safety; software component information can be specified using C(5)RA; and a process was identified for a system-of-systems hazard analysis for software reuse. C1 [Warren, Bradley] USN, Postgrad Sch, Australian Army, Monterey, CA USA. [Michael, James Bret; Shing, Man-Tak] Dept Comp Sci, Postgrad Sch, Australian Army, Monterey, CA USA. RP Warren, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Australian Army, Monterey, CA USA. EM bwarren@nps.edu; bmichael@nps.edu; shing@nps.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2172-5 PY 2008 BP 402 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJE67 UT WOS:000265213000069 ER PT B AU Redmond, PJ Michael, JB Shebalin, PV AF Redmond, Patrick J. Michael, James Bret Shebalin, Paul V. GP IEEE TI Interface Hazard Analysis for System of Systems SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (SOSE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY JUN 02-04, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE Hazard analysis; interface; system of systems; safety; software AB The next generation of military capabilities will hinge on systems of systems. Such systems can introduce emergent hazards that must be adequately dealt with before the system of systems can be employed Traditional hazard analysis techniques do not address the complexity and size of systems of systems. In this paper we describe a technique for conducting interface hazard analysis for systems of systems. The technique is compatible with current system safety processes. C1 [Redmond, Patrick J.] Tech Airworthiness RAAF Base Williams, Laverton, Vic 3027, Australia. [Michael, James Bret; Shebalin, Paul V.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Redmond, PJ (reprint author), Tech Airworthiness RAAF Base Williams, Laverton, Vic 3027, Australia. EM patrick.redmond@defence.gov.au; bmichael@nps.edu; pshebali@nps.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2172-5 PY 2008 BP 420 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJE67 UT WOS:000265213000072 ER PT S AU Kwan, C Chu, S Yin, J Liu, X Kruger, M Sityar, I AF Kwan, C. Chu, S. Yin, J. Liu, X. Kruger, M. Sityar, I. GP IEEE TI Enhanced Speech in Noisy Multiple Speaker Environment SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks CY JUN 01-08, 2008 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE AB Noisy environments seriously degrade the performance of speech recognition systems. Here we implement a high performance speech enhancement algorithm. Data from Speech Separation Challenge [1] were used to evaluate the method. It was observed that the enhanced speech significantly improved the recognition performance. In 2 out of 4 SNR cases, over 100% relative percentage improvements were achieved. Standalone software prototype has been developed and evaluated. C1 [Kwan, C.; Chu, S.; Yin, J.] Signal Proc Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Kruger, M.; Sityar, I.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Kwan, C (reprint author), Signal Proc Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM chiman.kwan@signalpro.net FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-M-0349] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under N00014-07-M-0349. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4244-1820-6 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2008 BP 1640 EP + DI 10.1109/IJCNN.2008.4634017 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIY81 UT WOS:000263827201013 ER PT S AU Kwan, C Yin, J Ayhan, B Chu, S Liu, X Puckett, K Zhao, Y Ho, KC Kruger, M Sityar, I AF Kwan, C. Yin, J. Ayhan, B. Chu, S. Liu, X. Puckett, K. Zhao, Y. Ho, K. C. Kruger, M. Sityar, I. GP IEEE TI Speech Separation Algorithms for Multiple Speaker Environments SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks CY JUN 01-08, 2008 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE AB Conventional speaker identification and speech recognition algorithms do not perform well if there are multiple speakers in the background. For high performance speaker identification and speech recognition applications in multiple speaker environments, a speech separation stage is essential. Here we summarize the implementation of three speech separation techniques. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are highlighted, as no single method can work under all situations. Stand-alone software prototypes for these methods have been developed and evaluated. C1 [Kwan, C.; Yin, J.; Ayhan, B.; Chu, S.; Liu, X.; Puckett, K.] Signal Proc Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Zhao, Y.; Ho, K. C.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kruger, M.; Sityar, I.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Kwan, C (reprint author), Signal Proc Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM chiman.kwan@signalpro.net FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-M-0349] FX Manuscript received December 9, 2007. This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under contract N00014-07-M-0349. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4244-1820-6 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2008 BP 1644 EP + DI 10.1109/IJCNN.2008.4634018 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIY81 UT WOS:000263827201014 ER PT S AU DeLooze, LL AF DeLooze, Lori L. GP IEEE TI Eclectic Method for Feature Reduction using Self-Organizing Maps SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks CY JUN 01-08, 2008 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE AB This paper presents an eclectic method for extracting simple classification rules using a combination of a genetic algorithm, a Self-Organizing Map and the ID3 decision tree algorithm. After outlining the method for extracting rules, we assess them for effectiveness, complexity and precision and compare them with similar methods which use Support Vector Machines. While it is no surprise that the method proposed reduced the complexity of classification, it was surprising that the simple rules extracted from the SOMs were both more effective and more precise than the SOM from which they were extracted. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP DeLooze, LL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM delooze@usna.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1098-7576 BN 978-1-4244-1820-6 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2008 BP 2069 EP 2073 DI 10.1109/IJCNN.2008.4634082 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIY81 UT WOS:000263827201078 ER PT S AU Newman, R Moskowitz, IS AF Newman, Richard Moskowitz, Ira S. GP IEEE TI Practical Covert Channel Implementation through a Timed Mix-Firewall SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL PERFORMANCE, COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (IPCCC 2008) SE IEEE International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC) CY DEC 07-09, 2008 CL Austin, TX AB A theoretical channel to communicate covertly through Mix-firewalls has been discussed in previous work. This paper describes implementing this theoretical construction in an actual system. Practical issues involved in implementation are analyzed, and an actual design is given here. Suggested parameters for concatenated codes for the experimental channel are also provided, based on experimental results. We compare our numerically computed information theoretic results for the data rate of covert channels through timed Mix-firewalls to the data rate obtained by our actual construction of these covert channels. C1 [Newman, Richard] Univ Florida, Dept Comp & Informat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Moskowitz, Ira S.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Newman, R (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Comp & Informat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM nemo@cise.ufl.edu; ira.moskowitz@nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-2641 BN 978-1-4244-3368-1 J9 IEEE IPCCC PY 2008 BP 433 EP 438 DI 10.1109/PCCC.2008.4745085 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BUD68 UT WOS:000288942800059 ER PT S AU Liu, ST Hurst, A Liu, H Hughes, H Mendicino, M Reed, R AF Liu, S. T. Hurst, A. Liu, H. Hughes, H. Mendicino, M. Reed, R. GP IEEE TI SEU CROSS-SECTIONS of 6T SOI SRAM SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SOI CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International SOI Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International SOI Conference CY OCT 06-09, 2008 CL New Platz, NY SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID UPSET; MODEL C1 [Liu, S. T.; Hurst, A.] TRUSTED Semicond Solut, Anoka, MN 55303 USA. [Liu, H.] Seagate Technol, Bloomington, MN 55435 USA. [Hughes, H.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mendicino, M.] Freescale Semicond, Austin, TX 78735 USA. [Reed, R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. RP Liu, ST (reprint author), TRUSTED Semicond Solut, Anoka, MN 55303 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1078-621X BN 978-1-4244-1954-8 J9 IEEE INT SOI CONF PY 2008 BP 131 EP + DI 10.1109/SOI.2008.4656329 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIQ60 UT WOS:000262065700055 ER PT B AU Tait, GB Slocum, NB AF Tait, Gregory B. Slocum, Michael B. GP IEEE TI Electromagnetic Environment Characterization of Below-Deck Spaces in Ships SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 18-22, 2008 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE DE Electromagnetic environment; complex cavity ID REVERBERATION CHAMBERS AB With wireless systems currently being introduced into confined, reflective spaces that were not originally intended for radio frequency emissions, it becomes necessary to assess the resultant electromagnetic environment of these spaces, especially where potential hazards may exist. In this work, we present experimental data to demonstrate that the below-deck compartments aboard Navy ships can be characterized as complex reverberant cavities. For general reverberant spaces, a cavity calibration factor can be used to predict maximum diffuse electric fields as a function of frequency and total radiated power. C1 [Tait, Gregory B.; Slocum, Michael B.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Tait, GB (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM gregory.tait@navy.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1699-8 PY 2008 BP 92 EP 97 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIW65 UT WOS:000263416300016 ER PT B AU Calame, JA AF Calame, Jeffrey A. GP IEEE TI High heat flux thermal management of microfabricated upper millimeter-wave vacuum electronic devices SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY APR 22-24, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE microchannel cooler; DRIE; LIGA AB Computations of operating temperatures in microfabricated upper-millimeter-wave sheet beam traveling wave structures are provided. The studies include the effects of different cooling techniques and construction materials. The scaling of output power capability vs. frequency, as constrained by thermal limits, is also presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Calame, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6840,4555 Overlook Av SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.calame@nrl.navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1715-5 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2008 BP 48 EP 49 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIH43 UT WOS:000259487900023 ER PT B AU Nguyen, KT Pasour, J Wright, EL Petillo, J Levush, B AF Nguyen, Khanh T. Pasour, John Wright, Edward L. Petillo, John Levush, Baruch GP IEEE TI High-perveance W-band sheet-beam electron gun design SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY APR 22-24, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE sheet beam; W-band; electron gun; high perveance; amplifiers AB A design methodology for sheet-beam formation and solenoidal magnetic field transport is described, and a point design for a W-band amplifier gun and beam transport is presented. The gun topology flexibly permits adjustment of beam width to accommodate various interaction circuits while maintaining beam height. This topology has been employed in the design of a 19.5 kV, 3.6 A (1.32 mu-perv) gun with beam final cross-section of approximately 4.2 mm x 0.32 mm, using the 3-D gun code MICHELLE in conjunction with the magnet code MAXWELL-3D. Beam thermal effects due to cathode temperature are also included in the simulation. C1 [Nguyen, Khanh T.; Pasour, John; Wright, Edward L.; Petillo, John; Levush, Baruch] USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nguyen, KT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Code 6840, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM knguyen@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1715-5 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2008 BP 177 EP 178 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIH43 UT WOS:000259487900090 ER PT B AU Cooke, SJ Levush, B Nusinovich, GS AF Cooke, Simon J. Levush, Baruch Nusinovich, Gregory S. GP IEEE TI Linear TWT analysis for sheet-beam interaction SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY APR 22-24, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE sheet beam amplifier; linear theory; traveling-wave amplifier AB We present initial results of a linear interaction theory for sheet-beam traveling-wave amplifiers, applied to broadband sheet-beam coupled-cavity amplifier structures. C1 [Cooke, Simon J.; Levush, Baruch] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooke, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6841,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM simon.cooke@nrl.navy.mil RI Nusinovich, Gregory/C-1314-2017 OI Nusinovich, Gregory/0000-0002-8641-5156 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1715-5 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2008 BP 179 EP 180 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIH43 UT WOS:000259487900091 ER PT B AU Cooke, SJ AF Cooke, Simon J. GP IEEE TI Numerical modeling of cavities with low external Q SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY APR 22-24, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE electromagnetic simulation; broadband cavity; klystron simulation AB We describe a new simulation technique to find the resonant frequencies and Qs of cavity eigenmodes when the cavity is coupled to an external waveguide. The method treats the cavity first as a closed system to find a set of lossless eigenmodes, then couples this system to a representation of the external waveguide to determine the coupled mode frequency and Q(external). There is no assumption of weak coupling, and the technique is ideal for the analysis of very low-Q output cavities for rf amplifiers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooke, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6841,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM simon.cooke@nrl.navy.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1715-5 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2008 BP 278 EP 279 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIH43 UT WOS:000259487900144 ER PT B AU Fliflet, AW Hornstein, M Gold, SH Kahn, M Imam, MA AF Fliflet, Arne W. Hornstein, Melissa Gold, Steven H. Kahn, Manfred Imam, M. Ashraf GP IEEE TI Sintering ceramic laser materials with a high power 83 GHz beam SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY APR 22-24, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc C1 [Fliflet, Arne W.; Hornstein, Melissa; Gold, Steven H.; Kahn, Manfred] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fliflet, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM arne.fliflet@nri.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1715-5 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2008 BP 289 EP 290 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIH43 UT WOS:000259487900150 ER PT B AU Abe, DK Qiu, JX Levush, B Pershing, DE Wright, EL Nguyen, KT Wood, FN Myers, RE Eisen, EL Chernyavskiy, IA Vlasov, AN AF Abe, David K. Qiu, Joe X. Levush, Baruch Pershing, Dean E. Wright, Edward L. Nguyen, Khanh T. Wood, Franklin N. Myers, Robert E. Eisen, Edward L. Chernyavskiy, Igor A. Vlasov, Alexander N. GP IEEE TI Experimental demonstration of MBK2, an eight-beam, five-cavity multiple-beam klystron SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY APR 22-24, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE vacuum electronics; klystron; multiple-beam ID S-BAND AB We describe the results of recent experiments with an eight-beam, five-cavity multiple-beam klystron (MBK). C1 [Abe, David K.; Qiu, Joe X.; Levush, Baruch] USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pershing, Dean E.; Wright, Edward L.; Nguyen, Khanh T.] Beam Wave Res, Bethesda, MD USA. [Wood, Franklin N.; Myers, Robert E.] ATK, Newington, VA USA. [Eisen, Edward L.] CPI Inc, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Chernyavskiy, Igor A.; Vlasov, Alexander N.] SAIC, Mclean, VA USA. RP Abe, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.abe@nrl.navy.mil RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1715-5 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2008 BP 420 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIH43 UT WOS:000259487900217 ER PT B AU Violante, P Drake, K Latman, S Mandayam, S AF Violante, Patrick Drake, Kimberly Latman, Steven Mandayam, Shreekanth GP IEEE TI Virtual Environments, Data Fusion, and Video in Support of Remote Health Management Systems SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON HAPTIC AUDIO VISUAL ENVIRONMENTS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Workshop on Haptic Audio Visual Environments and their Applications CY OCT 18-19, 2008 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE DE Virtual reality; data fusion; failure; fault; video AB Complex systems can be challenging to operate, maintain, and repair. The US Navy is interested in developing data fusion techniques that include video to both assist the ship's crew in monitoring machinery and also to allow the crew to get ship-to-shore assistance, usually called distance support, for repairs. This paper reports on a work-in-progress integrating sensor data, streaming and stored video data and processed video data with virtual technologies and 3D modeling to create a data fusion technology. First the hardware and software requirements and development will be discussed. Then progress with the human-system integration and data fusion aspects will be discussed. Finally, the paper will conclude With remarks on future work. C1 [Violante, Patrick; Drake, Kimberly] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Latman, Steven; Mandayam, Shreekanth] Rowan Univ, Glassboro, NJ USA. RP Violante, P (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2668-3 PY 2008 BP 48 EP + DI 10.1109/HAVE.2008.4685297 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJC90 UT WOS:000264858700009 ER PT B AU Huffmire, T Valamehr, J Sherwood, T Kastner, R Levin, T Dguyen, TD Irvine, C AF Huffmire, Ted Valamehr, Jonathan Sherwood, Timothy Kastner, Ryan Levin, Timothy Dguyen, Thuy D. Irvine, Cynthia GP IEEE TI Extended abstract: Trustworthy system security through 3-D integrated hardware SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON HARDWARE-ORIENTED SECURITY AND TRUST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Workshop on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust CY JUN09, 2008 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE C1 [Huffmire, Ted; Levin, Timothy; Dguyen, Thuy D.; Irvine, Cynthia] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Valamehr, Jonathan; Sherwood, Timothy] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kastner, Ryan] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Huffmire, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tdhuffmi@nps.edu; valamehr@ece.ucsb.edu; sherwood@cs.ucsb.edu; kastner@ucsd.edu; televin@nps.edu; tdnguyen@nps.edu; irvine@nps.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2401-6 PY 2008 BP 91 EP + DI 10.1109/HST.2008.4559061 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BID53 UT WOS:000258709000017 ER PT B AU Fischer, WD Xie, GG Young, JD AF Fischer, William D. Xie, Geoffrey G. Young, Joel D. GP IEEE TI Cross-Domain Fault Localization: A Case for a Graph Digest Approach SO 2008 IEEE INTERNET NETWORK MANAGEMENT WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Internet Network Management Workshop CY OCT 19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE ID SYSTEMS AB Prior research has focused on intra-domain fault localization leaving the cross-domain problem largely unaddressed. Faults often have widespread effects, which if correlated, could significantly improve fault localization. Past efforts rely on probing techniques or assume hierarchical domain structures; however, administrators are often unwilling to share network structure and state and domains are organized and connected in complex ways. We present an inference-graph-digest based formulation of the problem. The formulation not only explicitly models the inference accuracy and privacy requirements for discussing and reasoning over cross-domain problems, but also facilitates the re-use of existing fault localization algorithms while enforcing domain privacy policies. We demonstrate our formulation by deriving a cross-domain version of SHRINK, a recent probabilistic fault localization strategy. C1 [Fischer, William D.; Xie, Geoffrey G.; Young, Joel D.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Fischer, WD (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM wdfisch1@nps.edu; xie@nps.edu; jdyoung@nps.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2964-6 PY 2008 BP 13 EP 18 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJA52 UT WOS:000264167600003 ER PT S AU Liu, K Moore, C Buchler, R Bruner, P Fax, A Hinchman, JL Nguyen, BT Nelson, DE Ventrone, F Thorward, BR AF Liu, Kevin Moore, Christopher Buchler, Robert Bruner, Phil Fax, Alex Hinchman, Jacob L. Nguyen, Ba T. Nelson, David E. Ventrone, Fred Thorward, Brian R. GP IEEE TI Precision relative navigation solution for autonomous operations in close proximity SO 2008 IEEE/ION POSITION, LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE-ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ON Position, Location and Navigation Symposium CY MAY 05-08, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE, ON AB The ability to provide highly accurate and reliable relative navigation information in real time is a key enabling technology for autonomous operations between moving platforms in close proximity. Northrop Grumman's Navigation Systems Division (NSD) has developed an innovative approach to relative navigation that fuses Global Positioning System (GPS) pseudorange and carrier phase measurements with Inertial Navigation System (INS) data and implements a innovative approach to resolving the GPS carrier phase integer ambiguity to satisfy accuracy, integrity, continuity, and availability requirements. This capability was recently demonstrated as part of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Automated Aerial Refueling (AAR) program. During the final flight test phase, a Learjet-25 test aircraft autonomously performed station keeping and transitioning between various positions in close proximity to a KC-135R tanker, in a fashion typical of refueling maneuvers. The relative and absolute vehicle navigation data used by the autonomous flight control system were calculated using NSD's relative navigation algorithm and sensor data from two LN-251 Embedded GPS/INS (EGI) systems with embedded 24-channel GPS receivers, one on each vehicle. This paper will present and discuss the flight test results and performance. C1 [Liu, Kevin; Moore, Christopher; Buchler, Robert; Bruner, Phil; Fax, Alex] Northrop Grumman Nav Syst Div, Positioning Nav & Timing Solut, Woodland Hills, CA USA. [Hinchman, Jacob L.; Nguyen, Ba T.] AFRL, VACC, WPAFB, Cleveland, OH USA. [Nelson, David E.] NAVAIR, Annapolis, MD USA. [Ventrone, Fred] ARINC, Annapolis, MD USA. [Thorward, Brian R.] L 3 Comm Titan, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Liu, K (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Nav Syst Div, Positioning Nav & Timing Solut, Woodland Hills, CA USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-358X BN 978-1-4244-1536-6 J9 IEEE POSITION LOCAT PY 2008 BP 685 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BIE50 UT WOS:000258922700083 ER PT S AU Bhattacharya, S Arthur, T de Haag, MU Zhu, Z Scheff, K AF Bhattacharya, S. Arthur, T. de Haag, M. Uijt Zhu, Z. Scheff, K. GP IEEE TI An evaluation of the Tight Optical Integration (TOI) algorithm sensitivity to inertial and camera errors SO 2008 IEEE/ION POSITION, LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE-ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ON Position, Location and Navigation Symposium CY MAY 05-08, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE, ON AB The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the sensitivity of the GPS-Camera Tight Optical Integration (TOI) algorithm to errors stemming from two sources; (a) Inertial measurement errors and, (b) Camera measurement errors. The TOI algorithm has been described by the authors in a recent paper, "An Algorithm for GPS Tight Optical Integration (TOI)". In the TOI algorithm, the inertial measurements are primarily used to derive attitude information to transform the camera measurements from the body frame to the navigation frame of reference. Clearly, errors on these inertial measurements contribute directly to the angular information from the camera used for a final position solution. Also, an initial position estimate is required to transform the measurements from the navigation frame of reference to an earth reference frame. As a result, an error in the initial position estimate will introduce some error in the position solution, which is included as an equivalent inertial error in the overall error analysis. The function of the camera is to make angular measurements from a pre-defined "marker". The errors in these measurements are sensitive to the range of the marker from the camera, ie. marker range. Although the marker range is not a measurement used in the algorithm, it is necessary to investigate the sensitivity of the algorithm to variations in the marker range. It is shown that the sensitivity of the error in the final position estimate increases as this marker range increases. Moreover, the camera needs to identify the marker and hence, an error in the pixel selection in the image or a marker position error will affect the accuracy of the final position estimates. The sensitivity of the algorithm to these errors contributed by the camera is also analyzed. The TOI algorithm performance is shown to be similar to GPS performance levels, in the presence of the error sources discussed above. This makes it a viable solution for navigation capabilities in environments where sufficient satellites for a GPS only solution are not available, e.g. an urban canyon. C1 [Bhattacharya, S.; Arthur, T.; de Haag, M. Uijt; Zhu, Z.] Ohio Univ, Avion Engn Ctr, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Scheff, K.] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bhattacharya, S (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Avion Engn Ctr, Athens, OH 45701 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-358X BN 978-1-4244-1536-6 J9 IEEE POSITION LOCAT PY 2008 BP 809 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BIE50 UT WOS:000258922700099 ER PT S AU Arthur, T Zhu, Z Bhattacharya, S Johnson, K Scheff, K AF Arthur, T. Zhu, Z. Bhattacharya, S. Johnson, K. Scheff, K. GP IEEE TI Demonstration of Tight Optical Integration (TOI) algorithm using field data SO 2008 IEEE/ION POSITION, LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE-ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ON Position, Location and Navigation Symposium CY MAY 05-08, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE, ON AB Recently a biologically inspired algorithm, Called Tight Optical Integration (TOI), was developed for tightly integrating optical sensor with GPS. The algorithm involves the integration of a standard camera along with GPS range (pseudorange or carrier phase) measurements to form position estimates. Initial simulations showed that TOI is capable of providing a position solution with an insufficient number of GPS satellites and a visible "marker" at a known location, with an inertial unit to provide attitude information. This paper demonstrates how a marker is selected from a picture frame and tracked among consecutive frames. TOI has the potential to navigate with one known marker and two or three GPS satellites. In this work attitude information is derived from the GPS velocity estimates assuming zero roll for a terrestrial vehicle. Additionally, the same TOI algorithm can auto-locate unknown features when the position of the marker is not available, and navigate by these features when location is lost. The TOI algorithm is unique because it relies only on GPS range measurements and the pixel data from a camera. No ranging sources such as radar or LIDAR are required. It has particular application to scenarios involving a reduced constellation; such a reduced constellation may be due either to an urban canyon or a denied signal environment. C1 [Arthur, T.; Zhu, Z.; Bhattacharya, S.] Ohio Univ, Avion Engn Ctr, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Scheff, K.] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Arthur, T (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Avion Engn Ctr, Athens, OH 45701 USA. FU U.S Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors are grateful to the U.S Naval Research Laboratory for their support and encouragement on this project. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-358X BN 978-1-4244-1536-6 J9 IEEE POSITION LOCAT PY 2008 BP 844 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BIE50 UT WOS:000258922700103 ER PT S AU Cochenour, B Mullen, L Laux, A AF Cochenour, Brandon Mullen, Linda Laux, Alan GP IEEE TI SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISPERSION IN HIGH BANDWIDTH UNDERWATER LASER COMMUNICATION LINKS SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB A resurgence is occurring in the area of underwater laser communications. While acoustic systems are currently the more mature technology, they are ultimately band-limited to sub-MHz type data rates due to the frequency dependent absorption of acoustic energies in water. Advances in fiber optic and free space links have shown promise for optical links to provide data rates in excess of a gigabit per second. It is not surprising then, that laser links are being considered for Naval applications involving high bandwidth communications undersea. A major challenge in implementing optical links underwater arises from the spatial dispersion of photons due to scattering. Spatial spreading of the optical beam reduces the photon density at the receiver position. As such, optical links are only expected to be of greatest utility in links <100m. Nonetheless, it appears that end users may accept limited link range in exchange for the gain in information bandwidth that optical links may provide. Additionally, researchers continue to study how spatial spreading affects the time encoded portion of the transmitted optical signal. Temporal dispersion arising from multiple scattering events may result in inter-symbol interference (ISI), further limiting link range and/or capacity. Researchers at NAVAIR in Patuxent River MD are currently investigating both the spatial and temporal effects of scattering on a laser link in turbid underwater environments. These links utilize an intensity modulated beam to implement coherent digital modulation schemes such as PSK and QAM. Through both modeling and experiment, the underwater channel is characterized both spatially and temporally. Results are providing insight to system requirements of link range, pointing accuracy, photo-receiver requirements, modulation frequency, and optimal modulation format. C1 [Cochenour, Brandon; Mullen, Linda; Laux, Alan] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Cochenour, B (reprint author), NAVAIR, 22347 Cedar Point Rd,Bldg 2185 Ste 1100, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 107 EP 113 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709300017 ER PT S AU Das, S Henniger, H Epple, B Moore, CI Rabinovich, W Sova, R Young, D AF Das, Santanu Henniger, Hennes Epple, Bernhard Moore, Christopher I. Rabinovich, William Sova, Raymond Young, David GP IEEE TI Requirements and Challenges for Tactical Free-Space Lasercomm SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE FSO; tactical communications; free-space optics; MRR; scintillation; Laser communications; optical networking; QoS; FEC ID MODULATING RETROREFLECTOR; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS; COMMUNICATION; SYSTEM; LINK; REFLECTOR AB Mobile free-space Laser communications is the next frontier for net-centric connectivity, as bandwidth, spectrum and security issues drive its adoption as an adjunct to RF communications. However, key technology challenges must be addressed and mission requirements understood for it to emerge as a meaningful capability for dynamic tactical communications environments. We present a brief overview of the current military communication infrastructure and future needs, before highlighting terrestrial Lasercomm technology status and trends, and lessons learned from several experiments and field tests. Optical link service parameters and metrics are assessed in the context of available architecture and techniques, while the effectiveness of various technologies to mitigate atmospheric turbulence, poor weather and pointing/tracking inaccuracies is analyzed for improved reliability. Finally, the ramifications of cost and SWaP (size, weight and power), critical to tactical Lasercomm deployment, are considered in narrowing down these technology options. C1 [Das, Santanu] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Henniger, Hennes; Epple, Bernhard] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Munich, Germany. [Moore, Christopher I.; Rabinovich, William] Naval Res Labs, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sova, Raymond; Young, David] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Labs, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Das, S (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX Manuscript received June 16, 2008. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 114 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709300018 ER PT S AU Charlow, K Broyles, D Blais, C Stutzman, M AF Charlow, Kevin Broyles, David Blais, Curtis Stutzman, Marcy GP IEEE TI STANDARDIZED DOCUMENTATION FOR VERIFICATION, VALIDATION, AND ACCREDITATION (VV&A) - HELPING ASSURE MISSION SUCCESS SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB The Department of Defense (DoD) Modeling and Simulation Steering Committee's Acquisition Community Lead sponsors the project, "Standardized Documentation for Verification, Validation, and Accreditation (VV&A)." This paper will update the military communications and information processing community on that project. It will provide information about MIL-STD-3022, which recommends standardized content and format requirements for four core VV&A documents; the DoD VV&A Documentation Tool, which is the technology that automates the production of the four VV&A documents to ensure standardization across the DoD and Military Departments; and the development of VV&A XML schemas that enable the sharing of VV&A information via the Global Information Grid enterprise anywhere in the world and at anytime. C1 [Charlow, Kevin; Broyles, David] Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Charleston, Charleston, SC 29406 USA. [Blais, Curtis] Naval Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Stutzman, Marcy] Northrop Grimman Corp, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Charlow, K (reprint author), Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Charleston, Charleston, SC 29406 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 592 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709300091 ER PT S AU Su, WL Mak, WY AF Su, Weilian Mak, Wai Yen GP IEEE TI SENSOR NETWORK ARCHITECTURE FOR MULTI-MEDIA TRAFFIC SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE Pareto distribution; Wireless Sensor Network; Architecture; Self-similar traffic AB The desire for more intelligence in the battlefield has given rise to the idea of routing video images over wireless sensor networks. This would apprise the combat decision makers with actual images of battlefield developments and allow them to make sound decisions. To achieve this objective, the characteristics of video traffic must be studied and understood. This paper focuses on evaluating the possibility of routing video images over a wireless sensor network. Video traffic is modeled and simulations are performed via the use of the Sun Small Programmable Object Technology (Sun SPOT) Java development kits configured in three different network topologies: the star topology, binary tree topology and chain topology. It is known that video traffic is self-similar and can be obtained by aggregating a large number of On-Off message sources. Hence, an On-Off model using Pareto distribution function is used to model video traffic over the network. The performance of each topology is evaluated based on parameters like mean throughput, mean interarrival time, mean packet drop, and mean delay. The results of the simulation reveal that each topology has its own merit. C1 [Su, Weilian; Mak, Wai Yen] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Su, WL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM weilian@nps.edu; wmak@nps.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 606 EP 611 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709300093 ER PT S AU Alexander, S DeCleene, B Rogers, J Sholander, P AF Alexander, Scott DeCleene, Brian Rogers, Jason Sholander, Peter GP IEEE TI REQUIREMENTS AND ARCHITECTURES FOR INTRINSICALLY ASSURABLE MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB An Intrinsically Assurable Mobile Ad hoc Network (IAMANET) will directly support the integrity, availability, reliability, confidentiality, and safety of MANET communications and data. In contrast, the dominant Internet paradigm is intrinsically insecure. For example, the Internet does not deny unauthorized traffic by default and therefore violates the principle of least privilege. In addition, there are no provisions for non-repudiation or accountability and therefore adversaries can probe for vulnerabilities with impunity because the likelihood of attributing bad behavior to a particular adversary is limited. Finally (although not exhaustively) existing protocols are not robust to Byzantine failures and malicious behavior, leaving entire Internet-based systems vulnerable. This paper expands on these high-level requirements and threat models. It then presents an early view of two high-level architectures for an IAMANET PIANO and Zodiac. C1 [Alexander, Scott] Telcordia, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [DeCleene, Brian] BAE Syst, Burlington, MA USA. [Rogers, Jason] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Sholander, Peter] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Alexander, S (reprint author), Telcordia, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. FU DARPA [DE-AC04- 94AL85000, N66001-08-C-2012, N66001-08-C-2013] FX Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendationsexpressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Defense AdvancedResearch Agency (DARPA) or the US Government. This work was funded by DARPA under the following contracts: DE-AC04- 94AL85000, N66001-08-C-2012, and N66001-08-C-2013. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 934 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709300141 ER PT S AU Marques, M Robertson, RC AF Marques, Mario Robertson, R. Clark GP IEEE TI Performance Analysis of an Alternative to Trellis Coded Modulation for a Waveform Transmitted over a Channel with Pulse-Noise Interference SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB The performance of a communication system having almost the same spectral efficiency as a trellis coded modulation (TCM) system with r = 2/3 convolutional encoding and 8-ary phase-shift keying (8-PSK) modulation is investigated. TCM is a common solution to the problem of adding forward error correction (FEC) coding without an attendant increase in channel bandwidth. The primary drawback to TCM is that the achievable coding gain is limited by the maximum practical number of states in the convolutional encoder. The alternative system considered uses (63, 37) Reed-Solomon (RS) encoding. The six-bit symbols at the output of the Reed-Solomon encoder undergo serial-to-parallel conversion to two three-bit symbols, which are then independently transmitted on the in-phase and quadrature components of the carrier using 8-ary biorthogonal keying. This system has a null-to-null bandwidth of 0.993R(b), which is 0.7% smaller than TCM with r = 2/3 convolutional encoding and 8-PSK modulation. The two waveforms are compared for the relatively benign case where additive white Gaussian noise is the only noise present as well as when pulse-noise interference is present. C1 [Marques, Mario; Robertson, R. Clark] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Marques, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 1528 EP 1533 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709300231 ER PT S AU Kao, CH Robertson, C Lin, K AF Kao, Chi-Han Robertson, Clark Lin, Kyle GP IEEE TI Performance Analysis and Simulation of Cyclic Code-Shift Keying SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE cyclic code-shift keying (CCSK); Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS); Link-16; probability of symbol error AB Cyclic code-shift keying (CCSK) is the baseband symbol modulation scheme used by Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS), the communication terminal of Link-16. Since CCSK is non-orthogonal, an analytic evaluation of its performance in terms of probability of symbol error is nontrivial. In this paper, an analytic upper bound on the probability of symbol error of CCSK is derived for the 32-chip CCSK sequence chosen for JTIDS. The probability of symbol error obtained with the analytic method is compared with that obtained by Monte Carlo simulation for additive white Gaussian noise. The results show that the analytic method yields a tight upper bound. In addition to the 32-chip CCSK sequence chosen for JTIDS, a new 32-chip CCSK sequence with a smaller maximum off-peak cross-correlation is obtained and evaluated both analytically and by Monte Carlo simulation. The results obtained for the new CCSK sequence compare favorably with the sequence chosen for JTIDS. C1 [Kao, Chi-Han; Robertson, Clark] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Lin, Kyle] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kao, CH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 1600 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709300242 ER PT S AU Cham, KK Robertson, RC AF Cham, Kok Kiang Robertson, R. Clark GP IEEE TI Performance Analysis of an Alternative Link-16/JTIDS Waveform Transmitted over a Channel with Pulse-Noise Interference SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB The Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS) is a hybrid frequency-hopped, direct sequence spectrum system that utilizes a (31,15) Reed-Solomon (RS) code and cyclical code-shift keying modulation for the data packets, where each encoded symbol consists of five bits. The primary drawback to JTIDS is the limited data rate. In this paper, an alternative waveform compatible with the existing JTIDS channel waveform but with a two-fold increase in data rate is analyzed. The system to be considered uses (31,15) RS encoding as in the original JTIDS, but each pair of five-bit symbols at the output of the Reed-Solomon encoder undergoes serial-to-parallel conversion to two five-bit symbols, which are then independently transmitted on the in-phase and quadrature components of the carrier using 32-ary biorthogonal keying with a diversity of two. The performance obtained for the alternative waveform is compared with that obtained with the existing JTIDS waveform for the relatively benign case where additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is the only noise present as well as when pulse-noise interference is present. Errors-and-erasures decoding (EED) as well as errors-only decoding are considered. Our analyses show that the proposed alternative JITDS waveform performs better in the presence of AWGN as well as both AWGN and pulse-noise interference. There is no significant advantage to using EED with the alternative waveform as compared to errors-only decoding. C1 [Cham, Kok Kiang; Robertson, R. Clark] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cham, KK (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 1606 EP 1612 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709300243 ER PT S AU Kao, CH Kragh, F Robertson, C AF Kao, Chi-Han Kragh, Frank Robertson, Clark GP IEEE TI Performance Analysis of a JTIDS/Link-16-type Waveform Transmitted over Nakagami Fading Channels with Pulsed-Noise Interference SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS); Link-16; Nakagami fading; pulsed-noise interference; probability of symbol error AB The Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS) is the communication terminal of Link-16. JTIDS is a hybrid direct sequence/frequency-hopping spread spectrum system and features Reed-Solomon codes for channel coding, cyclic code-shift keying for 32-ary symbol modulation, minimum-shift keying for chip modulation, symbol interleaving, chip sequence scrambling and random jittering for transmission security, and a double-pulse structure for diversity. Assuming that coherent chip demodulation is practical, we investigate the probability of symbol error of a JTIDS/Link-16-type waveform for both the single- and the double-pulse structure transmitted over a slow, flat Nakagami fading channel in the presence of pulsed-noise interference (PNI) in this paper. In general, the results show that the double-pulse structure always outperforms the single-pulse structure, whether the PNI is present or not and whether the channel is fading or not. Furthermore, barrage noise interference has the most effect in degrading performance when signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) is small. When SIR is large, PNI with a smaller fraction of time that interference is on causes the greatest degradation. C1 [Kao, Chi-Han; Kragh, Frank; Robertson, Clark] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kao, CH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 1613 EP 1618 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709300244 ER PT S AU Caldwell, J Robertson, C AF Caldwell, James Robertson, Clark GP IEEE TI Reed Solomon Coded M-ary Hyper Phase-Shift Keying SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE spectral efficiency; orthonormal; phase shift keying; probability of bit error; forward error correction ID MODULATION AB Non-binary forward error correction (FEC) coding in conjunction with M-ary hyper phase-shift keying (MHPSK) is considered in order to improve the robustness of a satellite communications uplink. MHPSK is a spectrally efficient modulation technique that uses four orthonormal basis functions to increase the distance between different symbols in the signal space. Spectral efficiency and probability of bit error are two key figures of merit used to evaluate digital modulation techniques. The use of four orthonormal basis functions provides an advantage over traditional modulation techniques such as M-ary phase-shift keying (MPSK) and M-ary quadrature amplitude keying (MQAM) that only possess two degrees of freedom. MHPSK offers an improvement in bit error performance over other spectrally efficient modulation techniques for the same average energy per bit-to-noise power spectral density ratio and similar spectral efficiency. As a result, MHPSK offers a novel way to improve both throughput and reduce power requirements using easy to generate waveforms. In this paper, Reed Solomon coded symbols are assumed to be transmitted with MHPSK. MHPSK, MPSK, and MQAM are compared in terms of probability of bit error and bandwidth efficiency, where the number of bits per coded symbol are typically designed to match the number of bits per channel symbol. C1 [Caldwell, James; Robertson, Clark] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Caldwell, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 1770 EP 1775 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709300269 ER PT S AU Rigano, C Scott, K Bush, J Edell, R Parikh, S Wade, R Adamson, B AF Rigano, C. Scott, K. Bush, J. Edell, R. Parikh, S. Wade, R. Adamson, B. GP IEEE TI MITIGATING NAVAL NETWORK INSTABILITIES WITH DISRUPTION TOLERANT NETWORKING SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB We describe an approach to improving network performance in networks with heterogeneous links - for example, a communications network constructed from satellite links, airborne relays, and line-of-site radios using Disruption Tolerant Networking. DTN defines an overlay network that uses storage at each hop to make end-to-end communications resilient to delay, loss, network disruption, temporary network partitioning, and congestion. DTN further improves performance by allowing separate transport layers at each hop of the overlay that can be tuned for the local network environments. We present recent work in interfacing one such transport layer, the NACK Oriented Reliable Multicast (NORM) protocol, to DTN; performance experiments from tactical radios; and simulation results based on models of deployed systems. C1 [Rigano, C.; Scott, K.; Bush, J.; Edell, R.; Parikh, S.; Wade, R.] Mitre Corp, Mclean, VA USA. [Adamson, B.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Rigano, C (reprint author), Mitre Corp, Mclean, VA USA. FU MITRE Innovation Program FX This work is supported by the MITRE Innovation Program. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 2141 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709301046 ER PT S AU Inamdar, A Gupta, D Filippov, T Vernik, I Talalaevski, A Sahu, A Sarwana, S de Escobar, AL Van Vechten, D AF Inamdar, Amol Gupta, Deepnarayan Filippov, Timur Vernik, Igor Talalaevski, Andrei Sahu, Anubhav Sarwana, Saad de Escobar, Anna Leese Van Vechten, Deborah GP IEEE TI SUPERCONDUCTOR ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER FOR SIGINT APPLICATIONS SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID RECEIVER AB Superconductor analog-to-digital converters (ADC) offer high sensitivity and large dynamic range. We report recent advances in the low-pass phase-modulation-demodulation (PMD) oversampled analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The oversampled data from the PMD front-end are passed along with sampling clock to an on-chip digital filter. In the past, the maximum frequency of operation of such chips were limited by that of the digital decimation filter (DDF) to about 30 GHz. Recently, we have designed a chip that allows the PMD front-end to be clocked twice as fast as the DDF, resulting in sampling rates of 4608 GHz and 29.44 GHz for chips with critical current densities of 4.5 and 1 kA/cm(2) respectively. We have also designed a new PAM front-end with a quarter-rate quantizer (QRQ) that allows 18-20 dB extension of dynamic range. We are also pursuing a subranging ADC design with two PAID front-ends connected with fluxon amplifier and subtractor circuitry that promises a dynamic range extension by 25-30 dB. We report signal-to-noise ratio and spur-free dynamic range measurement results for various ADC chips, and project performance for future improvements. C1 [Inamdar, Amol; Gupta, Deepnarayan; Filippov, Timur; Vernik, Igor; Talalaevski, Andrei; Sahu, Anubhav; Sarwana, Saad] Hypres Inc, 175 Clearbrook Rd, Elmsford, NY 10523 USA. [de Escobar, Anna Leese] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Van Vechten, Deborah] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA USA. RP Inamdar, A (reprint author), Hypres Inc, 175 Clearbrook Rd, Elmsford, NY 10523 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [N0001407-C-0452, N0001406-10041] FX The work on quarter-rate ADC and Subranging ADC was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under contract # N0001407-C-0452 and contract # N0001406-10041 respectively. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Steve Kaplan for help in designing the hybrid Jc interface circuits, Dr. Oleg Mukhanov and Dr. Alan Kadin for useful discussions, and S. Tolpygo, D. Yohannes, R. Hunt, J. Vivalda, D. Donnelly for fabricating NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 2762 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709301140 ER PT S AU Gillespie, T Robertson, C AF Gillespie, Tim Robertson, Clark GP IEEE TI An Improved Markov Model for the Urban SOTM Channel SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID STATISTICAL-MODEL; MOBILE; PROPAGATION AB In the time domain, the COTM channel is best modeled as a Markov generative process. The Baum-Welch parameter estimation algorithm is applied to empirical data collected in Boston, MA. The parameter estimation algorithm provides guidance for the development of a Markovian generative model to represent the ULMSC fade function in a larger time-based simulation. Three different continuous output transmission Markov models are presented and results are compared with discrete output Markov models. The continuous output models produce more accurate state durations, provide signal strength as a function of time and generally advance previous modeling efforts. The improved generative channel models also support the development of a larger time-based network simulation. C1 [Gillespie, Tim; Robertson, Clark] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gillespie, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 2908 EP 2915 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709301162 ER PT S AU Atwood, MW Marcoux, GN Craig, WP AF Atwood, Matthew W. Marcoux, Gregory N. Craig, William P. GP IEEE TI DEMONSTRATION OF TWO-WAY EXTREMELY HIGH FREQUENCY (EHF) SATELLITE COMMUNICATION (SATCOM) USING SUBMARINE-SURVIVABLE PHASED ARRAYS SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB U.S. submarines are faced with the challenging dilemma of addressing the need for higher data rate satellite communications (SATCOM) without significantly increasing the size of the SATCOM antenna. The planar form factor of phased array technology, along with the ability to steer beams electronically, has led to submarine antenna concepts that can simultaneously improve performance, utilize the submarine sail volume more efficiently, and minimize. the impact to platform stealth. Through technology development under the Office of Naval Research (ONR), submarine-survivable phased arrays that address EHF SATCOM have been fabricated, tested, and delivered to the Navy by Boeing Phantom Works. The Naval Undersea Warfare Center has recently performed notional system integration and testing of these arrays. Q-band (44 GHz) uplink- and K-band (20 GHz) downlink-phased array antennas were tested successfully using both the Military Strategic and Tactical Rela), (MILSTAR) and Ultra High Frequency Follow-On (UFO) military satellites. The antennas were integrated with the Raytheon Follow-On Terminal (FOT) for full-duplex SATCOM testing. Full-duplex data rates of up to 64 kbps were attained using the phased arrays under optimal weather conditions. Bit error rate testing (BERT) was performed with no bit errors recorded. Initial tests were performed with the phased arrays mounted on a stationary platform; subsequent testing involved integration of the phased arrays into a notional housing atop a submarine mast. Notional mast testing included simulated ship motion using a six-axis motion table that is located on the roof of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport's (NUWCDIVNPT) Building 68 (B-68) with support from the Submarine EHF Satellite Communication Integration Facility, (SESIF). Half-duplex testing was also performed using a fiber optic (FO) link to carry both the control and radio frequency (RF) signals for the downlink-phased array on a single FO cable. This paper will provide an overview of the array technology and will describe the configurations and results of SATCOM testing. C1 [Atwood, Matthew W.; Marcoux, Gregory N.; Craig, William P.] USN, Undersea WarfareCenter, Div Newport, Newport, RI USA. RP Atwood, MW (reprint author), USN, Undersea WarfareCenter, Div Newport, Newport, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 3068 EP 3074 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709302003 ER PT S AU Shi, Y Hou, YT Kompella, S AF Shi, Yi Hou, Y. Thomas Kompella, Sastry GP IEEE TI A CROSS-LAYER APPROACH TO MULTI-HOP NETWORKING WITH COGNITIVE RADIOS SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE Cognitive radio; multi-hop wireless network; interference; cross-layer optimization AB Cognitive radio (CR) is an enabling technology for efficient use of available spectrum and promises unprecedented flexibility in multi-hop wireless networking. This paper explores networking related issues associated with CRs. Specifically, we consider how to maximize the rates of a set of user communication sessions in a multi-hop CR-based wireless network. Due to potential interference at the physical layer, we find that it is essential to follow a cross-layer approach, with joint optimization at physical (power control), link (frequency band scheduling), and network (flow routing) layers. We give a mathematical characterization of this cross-layer optimization problem. We develop a centralized solution procedure based on the branch-and-bound framework. Using numerical results, we demonstrate the efficacy of the solution procedure and offer quantitative understanding on the joint optimization at different layers. C1 [Shi, Yi; Hou, Y. Thomas] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kompella, Sastry] Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shi, Y (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. FU ONR [N0001408-10084]; NSF [CNS-0721570] FX The work of Y.T. Hou and Y. Shi has been supported in part by ONR Grant N0001408-10084 and NSF Grants CNS-0721570. The work of S. Kompella has been supported in part by ONR. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 3723 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709302101 ER PT S AU Nguyen, GD Kompella, S Wieselthier, JE Ephremides, A AF Nguyen, Gam D. Kompella, Sastry Wieselthier, Jeffrey E. Ephremides, Anthony GP IEEE TI OPTIMIZATION OF TRANSMISSION SCHEDULES IN CAPTURE-BASED WIRELESS NETWORKS SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID PACKET RADIO NETWORKS; SENSE MULTIPLE-ACCESS; RETRANSMISSION CONTROL; MOBILE RADIO; CHANNELS AB In this paper, we study transmission strategies in multiple-source, multiple-destination wireless networks. Each source is within communication range of its intended destination. However, packets can cause interference at other destinations. The source nodes are first divided into groups, based on the intended destination of their packets. We initially assume that each group operates according to its own local TDMA schedule, independently of the other groups. Our primary performance measure is throughput, which we define to be the average number of packets that are successfully received per intended destination per time slot. We then develop mathematical methods for evaluating the performance of the network for a given arbitrary schedule. Our results show the impact of schedule, channel fading, receiver noise, and interference on network performance. Next. we exploit network and channel state information such as topology and channel conditions to optimize network performance. In particular, for given channel statistics and topology configurations, we determine a schedule that maximizes the throughput. We show that the network performance can be significantly improved when there is coordination among the groups in the network. C1 [Nguyen, Gam D.; Kompella, Sastry] USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wieselthier, Jeffrey E.] Wieselthier Res, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. [Ephremides, Anthony] Univ Maryland, Inst Syst Res, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Nguyen, GD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 3794 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709302111 ER PT S AU Levine, ER Goodman, L Lubke, C AF Levine, Edward R. Goodman, Louis Lubke, Christopher GP IEEE TI AUV-Based Swell Characterization SO 2008 IEEE/OES AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES SE IEEE OES Autonomous Underwater Vehicles LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/OES Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Conference (AUV 2008) CY OCT 13-14, 2008 CL Woods Hole, MA SP IEEE, OES AB In this study we show that ocean surface wave swell can be measured from a subsurface transiting AUV. Data were obtained onboard an extended REMUS 100, 2m long, which carried a RGL turbulence package and a SeaBird CTD cantilevered off of the port and starboard sides of the bow, respectively. The data reported in this manuscript was obtained in the summer of 2005, in northeast Monterey Bay, as part of the Layered Organization of the Coastal Ocean (LOCO) experiment. The AUV traveled at 1.2 m/s, sampling at 10 in depth, in the region of the 20 in isobath. In the study region, surface wave swell have a wavelength and phase velocity an order of magnitude greater than the AUV length and transit speed, respectively, with swell wave height often no larger than a meter. A simple model for the T-REMUS response to swell displacement is presented. The model allows use of pressure and vertical acceleration measured on board T-REMUS as input parameters. Four legs, both crossing and following the bathymetry, were performed. We observed a well defined peak in the estimated spectra at .08-.09 Hz (T similar to 11.8 s), typical of swell. A secondary peak also occurs at similar to.17 Hz (T similar to 5.9 s), twice the swell frequency, and corresponds to the AUV pitch response. For ground truth, swell observations where made with a pressure sensor at a fixed station within 2 km of the AUV transit. Comparison between these two data sets showed excellent agreement at the swell peak frequency. C1 [Levine, Edward R.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous & Def Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Goodman, Louis; Lubke, Christopher] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. RP Levine, ER (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous & Def Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3167 BN 978-1-4244-2938-7 J9 IEEE AUTO UNDER VEH PY 2008 BP 26 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BNK64 UT WOS:000274806100005 ER PT S AU Chen, VC AF Chen, Victor C. GP IEEE TI DETECTION AND ANALYSIS OF HUMAN MOTION BY RADAR SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon DE Radar backscattering; human motions; micro-Doppler signature AB Human motion has complex articulation and flexibility and, thus, is a non-rigid body motion. Radar returns from human with motions are subject to Doppler modulations that provide information about motion dynamics. In this paper, we first discuss radar backscattering from a walking human model and based on the model we derive motion trajectories and velocity patterns of human body parts. Then, we discuss how to analyze the radar backscattering from a subject of interest and how to use time-frequency transform to analyze micro-Doppler signatures of human movements. Finally, we introduce an example of the radar backscattering from human complex arm and leg motions. We characterize and explain micro-Doppler signature of the complex arm and leg motions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, VC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM v.c.chen@ieee.org NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-1538-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2008 BP 91 EP 94 PG 4 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BJC08 UT WOS:000264663000017 ER PT S AU Blunt, SD Gerlach, K Mokole, EL AF Blunt, Shannon D. Gerlach, Karl Mokole, Eric L. GP IEEE TI PULSE COMPRESSION ECLIPSING REPAIR SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon DE pulse compression; eclipsing; MMSE; mismatch filters AB For radars operating with medium to high pulse repetition frequency (PRF), a loss in detection performance can result when the arrival of return echoes coincides with the transmission of a pulse, during which time the receiver is turned off. This so-called "eclipsing loss" is due to the partial reception of the reflected waveform corresponding to a given range cell. In this paper the MMSE-based Adaptive Pulse Compression (APC) algorithm is modified to account for pulse eclipsing effects in order to improve the resolution accuracy of the eclipsed regions. Simulation results for the subsequent Eclipsing-Repair APC (APC-ER) are compared to results obtained from matched filtering and mismatched filtering, both of which are known to degrade in the presence of eclipsing, where it is found that APC-ER significantly improves the estimation of the eclipsed region. C1 [Blunt, Shannon D.] Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Gerlach, Karl; Mokole, Eric L.] US Naval Res Lab, Radar Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Blunt, SD (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-1538-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2008 BP 197 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BJC08 UT WOS:000264663000037 ER PT S AU Headrick, J Thomason, J AF Headrick, James Thomason, Joseph GP IEEE TI THE DEVELOPMENT OF OVER-THE-HORIZON RADAR AT THE NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon DE High-Frequency radar; over-the-horizon radar AB In 1956, the Naval Research Laboratory completed a set of experiments that showed 1) that VHF and HF radar echoes could be coherently processed, and 2)that the ionosphere is often sufficiently stable for a radar operating in the high-frequency band (3 MHz to 30 MHz) to be capable of detecting and tracking targets beyond the normal microwave radar horizon. Later in 1961, the Naval Research Laboratory began operation of their single-site, over-the-horizon radar located on the shores of the Chesapeake Bay. This radar was called MADRE, for Magnetic Drum Radar Equipment, and demonstrated many of the basic capabilities of high-frequency, over-the-horizon radar. This paper will chronicle the development of the hardware and software that comprised the MADRE radar and identify the people that participated in its development. C1 [Headrick, James; Thomason, Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Headrick, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joe.thomason@nrl.navy.mil NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-1538-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2008 BP 1104 EP 1108 PG 5 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BJC08 UT WOS:000264663000203 ER PT S AU Marshall, RE Haack, T AF Marshall, Robert E. Haack, Tracy GP IEEE TI ENGINEERING DEMANDS PLACED ON LITTORAL RADAR DUE TO NON-STANDARD PROPAGATION REVEALED BY MESOSCALE NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION TECHNOLOGY SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon DE Propagation; sub-refraction; littoral AB Rapid improvements in skill and spatio-temporal resolution of mesoscale numerical weather prediction models have recently created the ability to simulate notional radar design performance in four dimensional non-standard refractivity environments. This paper quantifies the engineering demands, relative to a standard atmosphere, placed on notional ship borne S band, C band and X band radars during a strong sub-refractive event in the Chesapeake Bay. The Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS (TM)) provided the refractivity field and the Advanced Refractivity Effects Prediction System (AREPS) was employed to model the radars. Engineering demands are wavelength, spatially, and temporally dependent and often exceed 50dB. C1 [Marshall, Robert E.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. [Haack, Tracy] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 93943 USA. RP Marshall, RE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM Robert.e.marshall@navy.mil; tracy.haack@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-1538-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2008 BP 1477 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BJC08 UT WOS:000264663001065 ER PT S AU LeFurjah, G Marshall, R Casey, TS Haack, T Boyer, DD AF LeFurjah, George Marshall, Robert Casey, Timothy S. Haack, Tracy Boyer, Donald de Forest GP IEEE TI CLUTTER FORECAST - A SYNTHESIS OF MESOSCALE NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION AND EMPIRICAL SITE SPECIFIC RADAR CLUTTER MODELS SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon DE clutter propagation site-specific AB This paper introduces a new model approach that derives three-dimensional refractivity profiles from mesoscale numerical weather prediction (MSNWP), applies them to parabolic equation propagation models, and combines them with empirical surface clutter reflectivity to generate a more realistic model of surface clutter Realistic site specific clutter models must be faithful to the energy propagation to the surfaces that are responsible for the return clutter power; it is not good enough to maintain validated databases of reflectivities, however important that empirical data might be. This synthesis of MSNWP and radar clutter models can provide clutter and propagation forecasts to military planners, retroactive prediction of propagation for clutter test data analysis, and realistic models for radar system design and performance analysis. C1 [LeFurjah, George; Marshall, Robert; Casey, Timothy S.; Haack, Tracy; Boyer, Donald de Forest] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP LeFurjah, G (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-1538-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2008 BP 1842 EP 1847 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BJC08 UT WOS:000264663001132 ER PT S AU Gregers-Hansen, V Ngo, MT AF Gregers-Hansen, Vilhelm Ngo, Mai T. GP IEEE TI EMI Repair in Pulse Doppler Radar SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon DE EMI; Pulse doppler radar; Estimation ID SINGLE-TONE AB The electromagnetic spectrum traditionally used by radar systems is under pressure from the growing global need for wireless communications services. Additional factors, such as the technology shift towards high duty-cycle solid-state transmitters and phased arrays using uniformly illuminated transmit apertures, are making the radar-to-radar electromagnetic interference problem more important than ever before. Such high-level electromagnetic interference (EMI) to radar can result in degraded performance, and for modern high-performance pulse doppler radars the problem is aggravated by the need to use coherent dwells of many pulses for coherent suppression of strong clutter returns. Just a few high-level EMI returns can severely desensitize the radar across many range cells in the pulse repetition interval (PRI) and even result in complete loss of information due to receiver saturation effects. This paper will describe a simple doppler repair technique for effectively reconstructing lost data within a pulse doppler radar coherent dwell and thus preserve clutter suppression and sensitivity in a severe EMI environment. C1 [Gregers-Hansen, Vilhelm; Ngo, Mai T.] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gregers-Hansen, V (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vgh@radar.nrl.nayy.mil; ngo@radar.nrl.nayy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-1538-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2008 BP 1848 EP 1853 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BJC08 UT WOS:000264663001133 ER PT S AU Ball, JE Tolley, A AF Ball, John E. Tolley, Alan GP IEEE TI LOW SNR RADAR SIGNAL DETECTION USING THE CONTINUOUS WAVELET TRANSFORM (CWT) AND A MORLET WAVELET SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon AB A continuous wavelet transform (CWT) system for low SNR radar target detection is proposed in this paper. The radar transmission signal is a pulsed complex exponential. The proposed method automatically determines the optimal scale parameter for CWT analysis by finding the peak in the return signal CWT power computed across translations. The contributions of this paper are an algorithm for determining the optimal scale range for integration of CWT data, a denoising algorithm based on analysis in a small neighborhood around the optimal scale, and analysis of computational and memory requirements. Results are analyzed for simulated radar targets corrupted by white Gaussian noise and compared to a more traditional matched filter (1417). Theoretical and simulation results show that the average CWT and MF process gain (PG) is 23.4 dB and 21.2 dB, respectively, with no Doppler shift, where the theoretical CWT PG is 24.1 dB. For Doppler shifted signals, the mean PG was 23.53 and 13.84 dB for CWT and MF, respectively. The proposed method achieves 3 to 10 dB on average higher PG than the MF method. C1 [Ball, John E.; Tolley, Alan] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22485 USA. RP Ball, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22485 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-1538-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2008 BP 2113 EP 2118 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BJC08 UT WOS:000264663001181 ER PT S AU Vouras, P Freburger, B AF Vouras, Peter Freburger, Brian GP IEEE TI Application of Adaptive Beamforming Techniques to HF Radar SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon DE adaptive beamforming; HF radar; self-interference AB This paper evaluates the performance of several adaptive beamforming techniques applied to the problem of cancelling interference in a High Frequency (HF) radar with transmitter and receiver physically separated by large distances. The difficulties posed by mitigating interference in a HF radar are fundamentally different in many aspects from the adaptive cancellation problem in more conventional phased array radars operating at higher frequencies. Some of the issues specific to adaptive cancellation in HF radar will be addressed in this paper and performance results will be presented using measured data. C1 [Vouras, Peter; Freburger, Brian] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vouras, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM peter.vouras@nrl.navy.mil; brian.freburger@nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-1538-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2008 BP 2174 EP 2179 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BJC08 UT WOS:000264663001192 ER PT B AU Levush, B Qiu, JX AF Levush, Baruch Qiu, Joe X. GP IEEE TI Status and prospects of high power RF tube amplifier devices for high-data-rate communication SO 2008 IEEE RADIO AND WIRELESS SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium CY JAN 22-24, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE DE microwave power amplifier; vacuum tube amplifiers; TWTA; MPM; MMPM; klystron ID MODULE; TWT AB Vacuum tube RF amplifiers are used in a wide variety of microwave systems. Their operating frequency ranges from the UHF to the submillimeter-wave (THz) bands. Through continuous development, they remain the technology of choice for high power applications providing high efficiency and wide bandwidth with increased reliability and reduced cost. New emerging systems at the millimeter-wave frequencies will further elevate the importance of tube amplifiers. This paper presents an overview of the current status of this type of amplifiers with the emphasis being on communication applications. Devices to be covered include traveling wave tube amplifiers, microwave power modules and klystrons. C1 [Levush, Baruch; Qiu, Joe X.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Levush, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6840,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1462-8 J9 IEEE RADIO WIRELESS PY 2008 BP 539 EP 542 DI 10.1109/RWS.2008.4463548 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHU48 UT WOS:000256458600136 ER PT B AU Vaidyanathan, R Prince, TS Modarreszadeh, M Lisy, FJ AF Vaidyanathan, Ravi Prince, Troy S. Modarreszadeh, Mohammad Lisy, Frederick J. BE Chatila, R Kelly, A Merlet, JP TI Computationally Efficient Predictive Adaptive Control for Robot Control in Dynamic Environments and Task Domains SO 2008 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTS AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY SEP 22-26, 2008 CL Nice, FRANCE SP IEEE, Robot Soc Japan, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Inst Natl Rech Informat & Automat, CNRS, Inst Control, Robot & Syst ID TRACKING; SURGERY AB This paper presents the tuning and implementation of a computationally efficient adaptive predictive control algorithm for robotic utility. The controller addresses the need for practical, computationally efficient, robust real-time adaptive control for multivariable robotic systems. It exploits a special matrix representation to obtain substantial reductions in the computational expense relative to standard methods. We report the design, modeling, and implementation of the controller on a simple pick-and-place manipulator and on an industrial robot loading heavy shells within the magazine of a naval vessel. The proposed controller demonstrates the ability to adapt to varying actuator performance and rapidly changing sea states. Future work involves the implementation and testing of the controller during actual naval operations. We believe this work may serve as a foundation to address control issues for robots working in uncertain dynamic environments and provide a basis for design and control of shipboard robotic devices. C1 [Vaidyanathan, Ravi] Univ Bristol, Dept Mech Engn, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England. [Vaidyanathan, Ravi] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Prince, Troy S.] LLP, Thompson Hine, Cleveland, OH 44114 USA. [Modarreszadeh, Mohammad; Lisy, Frederick J.] Orbital Res Inc, Cleveland, OH 44103 USA. RP Vaidyanathan, R (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Mech Engn, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England. EM r.vaidyanathan@bristol.ac.uk; troy.prince@thompsonhine.com; modarres@orbitalresearch.com; lisy@orbitalresearch.com FU US Naval Sea Systems Command under Carlisle Stephenson FX This work was supported by US Naval Sea Systems Command under Carlisle Stephenson. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2057-5 PY 2008 BP 3306 EP + DI 10.1109/IROS.2008.4650926 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BIJ26 UT WOS:000259998202083 ER PT B AU Broussard, RP Rakvic, RN Ives, RW AF Broussard, Randy P. Rakvic, Ryan N. Ives, Robert W. GP IEEE TI Accelerating Iris Template Matching using Commodity Video Graphics Adapters SO 2008 IEEE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMETRICS: THEORY, APPLICATIONS AND SYSTEMS (BTAS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Conference on Biometrics - Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS 2008) CY SEP 29-OCT 01, 2008 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc ID DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM AB As iris technology becomes widespread, template database sizes will grow. High resolution iris capture systems such as "Iris on the move" and "Iris at a distance" will require real-time template matching to be utilized in non-static, multiple target environments such as airports or subways. When real-time iris capture systems are interfaced to national-sized databases, higher template matching speeds will be a necessity. A utilization of the immense computational power contained within commodity video graphics adapters is a cost effective means of attaining higher template matching speeds. In this research, a highly optimized C++ iris template matching algorithm is ported to a video graphics card's graphics processing unit using the High Level Shader Language (HLSL) which is part of Microsoft's DirectX 9.0. To demonstrate the acceleration gains, template matching in the form of a Hamming distance calculation is performed on large iris template databases. Results show that a state-of-the-art video card performed template matching 9.5 times faster (24.65 million template comparisons per second) than a CPU. A single computer containing four video cards could approach speeds of 100 million matches per second. A detailed methodology and code sample are presented, and technical issues are discussed. Methods are provided for improving these speeds using new features in DirectX 10. C1 [Broussard, Randy P.] USN Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Rakvic, Ryan N.; Ives, Robert W.] USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Broussard, RP (reprint author), USN Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM broussar@usna.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2729-1 PY 2008 BP 30 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BJG18 UT WOS:000265595400006 ER PT S AU Ge, HY Kirsteins, IP AF Ge, Hongya Kirsteins, Ivars P. GP IEEE TI A NOVEL INTERPRETATION OF CAPON'S METHOD IN BEAM SPACE SO 2008 IEEE SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP SE Proceedings of the IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop CY JUL 21-23, 2008 CL Darmstadt, GERMANY SP IEEE AB The paper introduces and provides a simple proof of an interesting matrix inversion identity involving subspaces. Using this identity, new insights and interpretations are provided about beam space-based adaptive beamformers and the generalized sidelobe canceller. In addition, system performance measures and losses in terms of the achievable SINR and deflection coefficient can be interpreted and predicted in beam space using the framework of subspaces. C1 [Ge, Hongya] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept ECE, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Kirsteins, Ivars P.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Ge, HY (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept ECE, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. FU ONR/NUWC FX THIS WORK HAS BEEN SUPPORTED IN PART BY THE ONR/NUWC NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1551-2282 BN 978-1-4244-2240-1 J9 PR IEEE SEN ARRAY PY 2008 BP 320 EP + DI 10.1109/SAM.2008.4606881 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BIL64 UT WOS:000260566500071 ER PT B AU Flenner, A AF Flenner, Arjuna GP IEEE TI Finding edge features using the fast level set transform and the Helmholtz principle SO 2008 IEEE SOUTHWEST SYMPOSIUM ON IMAGE ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Southwest Symposium on Image Analysis and Interpretation CY MAR 24-26, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE ID COMPUTATION AB There is a need to develop automated methods to analyze images. A method that relies on the Helmholtz principle to discover edge features that is weakly dependent on the parameters is presented. An application of the Helmholtz principle requires a method of finding groups of independent and identically distributed random variables, and the fast level set transform was used to find such groups. The ability of the method to locate contrasted sections of curves is reviewed, and an original technique to find sections of curves with uniform curvature is demonstrated. C1 USN, Air Weap Ctr Phys & Computat Sci, China Lake, CA USA. RP Flenner, A (reprint author), USN, Air Weap Ctr Phys & Computat Sci, China Lake, CA USA. EM arjuna.flenner@navy.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2296-8 PY 2008 BP 9 EP 12 DI 10.1109/SSIAI.2008.4512272 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHW66 UT WOS:000257065700003 ER PT B AU Geder, JD Palmisano, J Ramamurti, R Sandberg, WC Ratna, B AF Geder, Jason D. Palmisano, John Ramamurti, Ravi Sandberg, William C. Ratna, Banahalli GP IEEE TI Fuzzy Logic PID Based Control Design and Performance for a Pectoral Fin Propelled Unmanned Underwater Vehicle SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL, AUTOMATION AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems CY OCT 14-17, 2008 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE DE Biomimetic pectoral fin; UUV; unsteady CFD; fuzzy logic; PID; adaptive curvature; weighted gait combination AB This paper describes the modeling, simulation, and control of a UUV in six degee-of-freedom (6-DOF) motion using two NRL actively control led-curvature fins. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis and experimental results are used in modeling the fin as part of the 6-DOF vehicle model. A fuzzy logic proportional-integral-derivative (PID) based control system has been developed to smoothly transition between preprogrammed sets of fin kinematics in order to create a stable and highly maneuverable UUV. Two different approaches to a fuzzy logic PID controller are analyzed: weighted gait combination (WGC), and modification of mean bulk angle bias (MBAB). Advantages and disadvantages of both methods at the vehicle level are discussed. Simulation results show desirable system performance over a wide range of maneuvers. C1 [Geder, Jason D.; Ramamurti, Ravi; Sandberg, William C.] USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Palmisano, John; Ratna, Banahalli] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Geder, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jgeder@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; william.c.sandberg@saic.com; banahalli.ratna@nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-89-950038-9-3 PY 2008 BP 63 EP 69 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics; Telecommunications GA BJL67 UT WOS:000266771500011 ER PT S AU Nagayama, S Sasa, T Butler, JT AF Nagayama, Shinobu Sasa, Tsutomu Butler, Jon T. GP IEEE TI NUMERICAL FUNCTION GENERATORS USING BILINEAR INTERPOLATION SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FIELD PROGRAMMABLE AND LOGIC APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE International Conference on Field Programmable and Logic Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Field Programmable and Logic Applications CY SEP 08-10, 2008 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Xilinx, Altera, Synplicity, MathWorks, Mentor Graph, Recore, XMOS Semiconductor, UTIA, Actel, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc AB Two-variable numerical functions are widely used in various applications, such as computer graphics and digital Signal processing. Fast and compact hardware implementations are required. This paper introduces the bilinear interpolation method to produce fast and compact numerical function generators (NFGs) for two-variable functions. This paper also introduces a design method for symmetric two-variable functions. This method can reduce the memory size needed for symmetric functions by nearly half with small speed penalty. Experimental results show that the bilinear interpolation method can significantly reduce the memory size needed for two-variable functions, and the speed of NFGs based on the bilinear method is comparable to that of NFGs based on tangent plane approximation. For a complicated function, our NFG is faster and more compact than a circuit designed using a one-variable NFG. C1 [Nagayama, Shinobu] Hiroshima City Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Hiroshima, Japan. [Sasa, Tsutomu] Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan. [Butler, Jon T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Nagayama, S (reprint author), Hiroshima City Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Hiroshima, Japan. FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); Knowledge Cluster Initiative of MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology); National Security Agency; MEXT [20700051] FX This research is partly supported by the Grant in Aid for Scientific Research of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Knowledge Cluster Initiative (the second stage) of MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology) a contract with the National Security Agency, and the MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B), 20700051, 2008. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1946-1488 BN 978-1-4244-1960-9 J9 I C FIELD PROG LOGIC PY 2008 BP 462 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIX40 UT WOS:000263578100085 ER PT B AU Liu, KK Cameron, CB Sarkady, AA AF Liu, Kevin K. Cameron, Charles B. Sarkady, Antal A. GP IEEE TI COMPARING THROUGHPUT AND POWER CONSUMPTION IN BOTH SEQUENTIAL AND RECONFIGURABLE PROCESSORS SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FIELD PROGRAMMABLE AND LOGIC APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE International Conference on Field Programmable and Logic Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Field Programmable and Logic Applications CY SEP 08-10, 2008 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Xilinx, Altera, Synplicity, MathWorks, Mentor Graph, Recore, XMOS Semiconductor, UTIA, Actel, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc AB Recent improvements in the memory capacity of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have spurred interest in using the devices for arithmetic floating-point operations. However, adapting a program designed to run on a sequential processor to be run instead on an FPGA can be time-consuming and difficult for anyone lacking significant experience in hardware design. In this paper we use a high-level language (HLL)-Mitrion-C 1.4-to reduce some of this effort. Using this language we implemented on an FPGA two computations taken from a ray-tracing simulation. They were functionally identical to programs we implemented on a sequential processor. We measured throughput and power consumption for both implementations of each computation on a Cray-XDl system. In the worst case, we achieved a 10x speedup using FPGAs over sequential processors at a cost of 1.3x the power. C1 [Liu, Kevin K.; Cameron, Charles B.; Sarkady, Antal A.] USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Liu, KK (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 105 Maryland Ave,Stop 14B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM liu.kevin.k@gmail.com; cameronc@usna.edu; sarkady@usna.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1960-9 J9 I C FIELD PROG LOGIC PY 2008 BP 602 EP 605 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIX40 UT WOS:000263578100120 ER PT B AU Frederickson, PA Murphree, JT Twigg, KL Barrios, A AF Frederickson, Paul A. Murphree, J. Thomas Twigg, Katherine L. Barrios, Amalia GP IEEE TI A Modem Global Evaporation Duct Climatology SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADAR, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Radar CY SEP 02-05, 2008 CL Adelaide, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE ID REANALYSIS AB Climatologies of evaporation duct conditions over the world's ocean areas are important for radar system design studies and operational planning. The evaporation duct climatology currently in use by the U.S. Navy was developed in the mid-1980s. This study describes efforts currently underway to modernize this climatology by exploiting recent scientific advances in four key areas: using a state-of-the-art bulk evaporation duct model; using improved and expanded meteorological data sets; employing advanced climate analysis techniques; and developing more useful and relevant products and displays to effectively utilize the climatic data. C1 [Frederickson, Paul A.; Murphree, J. Thomas] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. [Twigg, Katherine L.] Fleet Numer Meteorol & Oceanography Ctr, Monterey, CA USA. [Barrios, Amalia] Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Frederickson, PA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. EM pafreder@nps.edu; murphree@nps.edu; katherine.twigg.uk@navy.mil; barrios@mars.spawar.navy.mil FU U. S. Office of Naval Research FX This work was funded by the U. S. Office of Naval Research, Ron Ferek program manager. We thank Bob Creasey of the Naval Postgraduate School for his assistance in using the NCEP reanalysis data. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2321-7 PY 2008 BP 496 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIY71 UT WOS:000263784000094 ER PT B AU Urick, VJ Hastings, AS McKinney, JD Devgan, PS Williams, KJ Sunderman, C Diehl, JF Colladay, K AF Urick, Vincent J. Hastings, Alexander S. McKinney, Jason D. Devgan, Preetpaul S. Williams, Keith J. Sunderman, Christopher Diehl, John F. Colladay, Kristina GP IEEE TI Photodiode Linearity Requirements for Radio-Frequency Photonics and Demonstration of Increased Performance Using Photodiode Arrays SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETINGS ON MICROWAVE PHOTONICS AND 2008 ASIA-PACIFIC MICROWAVE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics/2008 Asia-Pacific Microwave Photonics Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2008 CL Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, MTT S, LEOS Soc DE Analog photonics; microwave photonics; photodiodes; nonlinearity ID MICROWAVE PHOTODETECTORS; NOISE-FIGURE; SATURATION; DISTORTION; BANDWIDTH; LINKS; POWER AB The impact that photodiode nonlinearities have on intensity-modulation direct-detection analog photonic links is described. The second- and third-order linearity requirements for photodiodes, quantified in terms of output intercept points, are calculated. Measured data at 1 GHz for a high-current (60-mA) partially-depleted-absorber photodiode are presented. A four-photodiode 26-mA array at 5 MHz is demonstrated to achieve modulation-limited third-order performance and a second-harmonic output intercept point of 84 dBm. C1 [Urick, Vincent J.; Hastings, Alexander S.; McKinney, Jason D.; Devgan, Preetpaul S.; Williams, Keith J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sunderman, Christopher; Diehl, John F.; Colladay, Kristina] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD USA. RP Urick, VJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2168-8 PY 2008 BP 86 EP + DI 10.1109/MWP.2008.4666641 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BJF79 UT WOS:000265472700023 ER PT B AU Devgan, PS Urick, VJ Williams, KJ Diehl, JF AF Devgan, Preetpaul S. Urick, Vincent J. Williams, Keith J. Diehl, John F. GP IEEE TI Long-Haul Microwave Analog Link with Shot-Noise-Limited Performance above the Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Threshold SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETINGS ON MICROWAVE PHOTONICS AND 2008 ASIA-PACIFIC MICROWAVE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics/2008 Asia-Pacific Microwave Photonics Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2008 CL Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, MTT S, LEOS Soc ID FIBERS AB We have assembled and characterized a microwave frequency analog fiber link that offers shot-noise-limited performance at input powers above the Stimulated Brillouin Scattering threshold. The 20 km span of fiber consists of three pairs of alternating fibers, with each pair separated by isolators. The measured SBS threshold using the backscatter approach is 14 dBm; however, the measured relative intensity noise from 1-8 GHz remains at the shot-noise level until the input power exceeds 16 dBm. When compared to a single fiber link of the same length, the link gain, RF noise figure, and SFDR at 1 GHz all improve by 8.1 dB, 4.1 dB and 2.8 dB, respectively. C1 [Devgan, Preetpaul S.; Urick, Vincent J.; Williams, Keith J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Diehl, John F.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Devgan, PS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2168-8 PY 2008 BP 326 EP + DI 10.1109/MWP.2008.4666703 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BJF79 UT WOS:000265472700085 ER PT B AU Brawley, GA Ta'eed, VG Bolger, JA Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, I Eggleton, BJ AF Brawley, George A. Ta'eed, Vahid G. Bolger, Jeremy A. Sanghera, Jas S. Aggarwal, Ishwar Eggleton, Benjamin J. GP IEEE TI Strong Photoinduced Bragg Gratings in Single-Mode Arsenic Selenide Optical Fibre by the Transverse Holographic Method SO 2008 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE OPTO-ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE AND THE AUSTRALIAN CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBRE TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference/Australian Conference on Optical Fiber Technology CY JUL 07-10, 2008 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA AB We demonstrate large photoinduced core index change and inscription of strong Bragg gratings in AS(2)Se(3) optical fibre with transverse exposure to tunable CW laser light with photon energy near the absorption band edge. C1 [Brawley, George A.; Ta'eed, Vahid G.; Bolger, Jeremy A.; Eggleton, Benjamin J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, CUDOS, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Sanghera, Jas S.; Aggarwal, Ishwar] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brawley, GA (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, CUDOS, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM brawley@physics.usyd.edu.au NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-85825-863-1 PY 2008 BP 25 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BIQ81 UT WOS:000262079500012 ER PT B AU Yakimenko, OA Horner, DP Pratt, DG AF Yakimenko, Oleg A. Horner, Douglas P. Pratt, Douglas G., Jr. GP IEEE TI AUV Rendezvous Trajectories Generation for Underwater Recovery SO 2008 MEDITERRANEAN CONFERENCE ON CONTROL AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation CY JUN 25-27, 2008 CL Ajaccio, FRANCE SP IEEE DE Marine control; Real-time control; Optimization; Unmanned systems AB For many years, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have been developed and employed for a myriad of tasks. Their ability to accurately collect and monitor oceanic conditions makes them a valuable asset for a variety of naval missions. Deploying and recovering AUVs, however, is currently largely limited to surface vessels or swimmers. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that by using a mathematical technique called a direct method of calculus of variations, it is possible for an AUV to autonomously compute and execute a trajectory that will allow for recovery by a submerged mobile recovery system (another AUV, submarine, etc.). The algorithm ensures that a smooth trajectory is produced that, while not traditionally optimal, is realistic and still close to the optimal solution. Also, using this technique allows the trajectory to be computed very rapidly allowing it to be recomputed every couple of seconds to accommodate sudden changes, possible adjustments and different disturbances, and therefore to be used in the real life. C1 [Yakimenko, Oleg A.; Horner, Douglas P.; Pratt, Douglas G., Jr.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Yakimenko, OA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM oayakime@nps.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2504-4 PY 2008 BP 45 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BIP32 UT WOS:000261534400008 ER PT B AU Yakimenko, OA Tiaden, RD Berlind, RM AF Yakimenko, Oleg A. Tiaden, Ryan D. Berlind, Robert M. GP IEEE TI Payload Derived Position and Attitude Acquisition System for Parachute Recovery Systems SO 2008 MEDITERRANEAN CONFERENCE ON CONTROL AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation CY JUN 25-27, 2008 CL Ajaccio, FRANCE SP IEEE DE Image processing; Industrial automation; Modeling and simulation; Unmanned systems ID MODEL AB The paper addresses a current status of the development and evaluation of an autonomous payload tracking capability for determining time, state and attitude information for all types of airdrop loads. Two different alternatives are being considered. The first one relies on the data provided by multiple stationary cameras located around the drop zone. The second one relies entirely on the IMU data. The GPS data is used to validate the results in both cases. The minimum setup involves estimating payloads position, whereas the ultimate goal is to have a payload attitude estimated as well. The paper describes the developed algorithms, presents some results and ends with conclusions and suggestions for the further development. C1 [Yakimenko, Oleg A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Tiaden, Ryan D.; Berlind, Robert M.] Yuma Proving Ground, Yuma, AZ 85365 USA. RP Yakimenko, OA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM oayakime@nps.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2504-4 PY 2008 BP 51 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BIP32 UT WOS:000261534400009 ER PT B AU Michael, S AF Michael, Sherif GP IEEE TI Genetic Algorithm Application for the Optimization of Solid State Devices using a Novel Modeling Technique SO 2008 MEDITERRANEAN CONFERENCE ON CONTROL AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation CY JUN 25-27, 2008 CL Ajaccio, FRANCE SP IEEE AB A new method for developing a realistic physical model of any type of solid state device is presented. Application to model advanced multi-junction solar cells; Thermo-photovoltaics; sensors; as well as other novel solid state devices are introduced in this presentation. The primary goal of multijunction solar cell design is to maximize the output power for a given solar spectrum. The construction of multijunction cells places the individual junction layers in series, thereby limiting the overall output current to that of the junction layer producing the lowest current. The solution to optimizing a multijunction design involves both the design of individual junction layers which produce an optimum output power and the design of a series-stacked configuration of these junction layers which yields the highest possible overall output current. This paper demonstrates the use of Genetic Algorithm in a two-part process to refine a given multijunction solar cell design for near-optimal output power for a desired light spectrum. This approach can similarly be utilized to optimize the parameters of any Solid state device to yield any desired performance. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Space Syst Acad Grp, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Michael, S (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Space Syst Acad Grp, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM michael@nps.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2504-4 PY 2008 BP 1586 EP 1590 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BIP32 UT WOS:000261534400265 ER PT B AU Bobak, JP Asher, WE Dowgiallo, DJ Anguelova, MD AF Bobak, Justin P. Asher, William E. Dowgiallo, David J. Anguelova, Magdalena D. GP IEEE TI On the Correlation of Area-Extensive Measurement of Fractional Area Whitecap Coverage with Microwave Brightness Temperatures SO 2008 MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment CY MAR 11-14, 2008 CL Florence, ITALY SP Ctr Telerilevamento Microonde, Inst Fisica Appl, GRSS, IEEE, IEEE Italy Sect, URSI, Thales Alenia, Ente Cassa Risparmio Firenze DE Foam fraction; whitecap coverage; microwave radiometry; sea foam; wind speed ID SURFACE AB On August 21, 2007, while mounted in a U.S. Navy P3 aircraft, the Naval Research Laboratory's Airborne Polarimetric Microwave Imaging Radiometer (APMIR) and the University of Washington's FoamCam recorded microwave and video images of the sea surface in the Gulf of Mexico as a function of distance from the eye of Hurricane Dean. From a working altitude of 6.1 km, the FoamCam sea surface optical imagery determined sea state, including presence of whitecaps, while APMIR measured the ocean surface brightness temperature at bands from 6.6 GHz to 37 GHz. The specific brightness temperatures measured were 6.6VH, 6.8VH, 7.2VH, 10.7V and full polarimetric data at 19.35 and 37 GHz. Collocated nearly cotemporaneous data from both SSM/I and WindSat satellite radiometer overpasses were available, as were oceanographic and meteorological data from National Buoy Data Center buoys. As an initial result from the analysis of these datasets, this paper provides a comparison of the APMIR-measured brightness temperatures with those measured by SSM/I and WindSat. The APMIR data and the surface video imagery is also used to investigate the relationship between linearly polarized microwave brightness temperatures and whitecap coverage. Future analysis directions for this data are discussed at the end of the paper. C1 [Bobak, Justin P.; Dowgiallo, David J.; Anguelova, Magdalena D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Asher, William E.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bobak, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM asher@apl.washington.edu FU Naval Research Laboratory (NRL); National Polar-Orbiting Environmental Satellite System Integrated Program Office (IPO/NPOESS) FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and the National Polar-Orbiting Environmental Satellite System Integrated Program Office (IPO/NPOESS). NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1986-9 PY 2008 BP 148 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BIJ56 UT WOS:000260085700038 ER PT B AU Schulz, NN Hebner, RE Dale, S Dougal, R Sudhoff, S Zivi, E Chryssostomidis, C AF Schulz, Noel N. Hebner, Robert E. Dale, Steinar Dougal, Roger Sudhoff, Scott Zivi, Ed Chryssostomidis, Chryssostomos GP IEEE TI The US ESRDC Advances Power System Research for Shipboard Systems SO 2008 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 43RD INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITIES POWER ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International-Universities-Power-Engineering Conference CY SEP 01-04, 2008 CL Padova, ITALY SP Int Univ Power Engn AB In an effort to advance the research and development capabilities related to shipboard power systems, the U.S. Office of Naval Research created the Electric Ship Research and Development Consortium. This group of seven U.S. universities is working to develop near term and far term research solutions for ship power systems on the all-electric ship. This paper provides an overview of the ESRDC, its successes, resources, and activities related to education and research efforts. C1 [Schulz, Noel N.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Schulz, Noel N.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff, Wales. [Hebner, Robert E.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Dale, Steinar] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Dougal, Roger] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Sudhoff, Scott] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zivi, Ed] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Chryssostomidis, Chryssostomos] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Schulz, NN (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Schulz@ece.msstate.edu FU U.S. Office of Naval Research through ONR [N00014-02-1-0623, N00014-08-1-0080] FX The authors acknowledge the support of the U.S. Office of Naval Research through ONR grants No. N00014-02-1-0623 and N00014-08-1-0080. Additionally we acknowledge the contributions of Mr. Terry Ericsen for his continued efforts to challenge the ESRDC members to push state-of-the-art to help solve future challenges for shipboard power systems. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3294-3 PY 2008 BP 1283 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIV39 UT WOS:000263146900256 ER EF