FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Roehrig, T AF Roehrig, Terence TI KIM JONG IL'S LEADERSHIP OF NORTH KOREA SO PACIFIC AFFAIRS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Roehrig, Terence] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Roehrig, T (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PACIFIC AFFAIRS UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA PI VANCOUVER PA #164-1855 WEST MALL, VANCOUVER, BC V6T 1Z2, CANADA SN 0030-851X J9 PAC AFF JI Pac. Aff. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 83 IS 1 SI SI BP 182 EP 184 PG 3 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 586EQ UT WOS:000276885900034 ER PT J AU Shope, TR Rieg, TS Kathiria, NN AF Shope, Timothy R. Rieg, Thomas S. Kathiria, Nazima N. TI Corneal Abrasions in Young Infants SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE corneal abrasion; infant crying; fluorescein eye examination AB OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the prevalence of corneal abrasions and possible associations with fingernail length, demographic information, sleeping, and crying among young infants. METHODS: Parents of 1- to 12-week-old infants without symptoms who were presenting for well-child visits completed a brief questionnaire on age, gender, race, fingernail-trimming practices, and sleeping and crying in the preceding 24-hour period. Fingernail length was measured, and eyes were examined through staining with fluorescein and illumination/magnification with a Bluminator (Eidolon Optical, Natick, MA). Patients with corneal abrasions were given orally administered acetaminophen and erythromycin ointment. Masked interrater reliability for abrasions was measured. Logistic regression analyses determined the association of corneal abrasions with potential covariates. RESULTS: Ninety-six subjects were enrolled, including 47 girls (49%), with a mean age of 32.2 days (SD: 21.7 days). Forty-seven infants (49%) had abrasions. Demographic variables and mean crying times (114.8 +/- 124.9 vs 86.5 +/- 111.7 minutes; P < .24) were not significantly different for infants with and without abrasions. Infants with abrasions slept more (15.9 +/- 3.3 vs 14.5 +/- 3.6 hours; P = .054). Associations of fingernail-trimming method and fingernail length with corneal abrasions were not statistically significant. Masked interrater reliability was high, with agreement between the primary investigator and the associate investigator for 20 (91%) of 22 eyes and agreement between the primary investigator and a pediatric ophthalmologist for 9 (90%) of 10 eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal abrasions are extremely common among 1- to 12-week-old infants and have unclear clinical significance. Primary care physicians should be careful about attributing unexplained persistent crying to corneal abrasions, potentially missing a more-serious problem. Pediatrics 2010;125:e565-e569 C1 [Shope, Timothy R.; Rieg, Thomas S.; Kathiria, Nazima N.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Pediat, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Shope, TR (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Pediat, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM timothy.shope@med.navy.mil NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2010 VL 125 IS 3 BP E565 EP E569 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-2023 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 573WJ UT WOS:000275945700045 PM 20142290 ER PT J AU Goswami, R Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN Spanos, G Holtz, RL AF Goswami, R. Haugan, T. J. Barnes, P. N. Spanos, G. Holtz, R. L. TI Effects of nanoscale defects on critical current density of (Y1-xEux)Ba2Cu3O7-delta thin films SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Rare-earth substitution; Superconductors; Microstructure; Transmission electron microscopy ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; FIELD AB In pulsed laser deposition of YBa2Cu3O7-delta films, defect introduction into the films tends to anisotropically improve the pinning along the H parallel to c direction due to the columnar growth mode of the process. In Eu-substituted samples, however, even though an increase in critical current density (J(c)) in the H parallel to c direction was observed for low fields (H = 0.2 T), the improvement was more notable for the H parallel to ab-plane at both low and higher fields. Herein we present detailed TEM microstructural studies to understand these new trends in J(c)(N), which are markedly different than flux pinning increases achieved with other methods, for example, with nanoparticle additions. Threading dislocations, observed in the Eu-substituted samples along the c-axis, account for J(c) enhancement with H parallel to c at low field. The enhanced ab-planar pinning in the Eu-substituted samples is attributed to the extensive bending of the {0 0 1} lattice planes throughout the film, and the crystal lattice defects with excess Cu-O planes, that were effective in increasing the J(c) for H parallel to ab at both low and high fields. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Goswami, R.; Spanos, G.; Holtz, R. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Goswami, R.] SAIC, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Haugan, T. J.; Barnes, P. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Goswami, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ramasis.goswami@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Office of Naval Research, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for funding this research. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 470 IS 5-6 BP 318 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2010.01.057 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 613NX UT WOS:000278987100003 ER PT J AU Friedman, AL Chun, H Jung, YJ Heiman, D Glaser, ER Menon, L AF Friedman, Adam L. Chun, Hyunkyung Jung, Yung Joon Heiman, Don Glaser, Evan R. Menon, Latika TI Possible room-temperature ferromagnetism in hydrogenated carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GRAPHITE AB We find that ferromagnetism can be induced in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by introducing hydrogen. Multiwalled CNTs grown inside porous alumina templates contain a large density of defects resulting in significant hydrogen uptake when annealed at high temperatures. This hydrogen incorporation produces H-complex and adatom magnetism which generates a sizable ferromagnetic moment and a Curie temperature near T-C=1000 K. We studied the conditions for the incorporation of hydrogen, the temperature-dependent magnetic behavior, and the dependence of the ferromagnetism on the size of the nanotubes. C1 [Friedman, Adam L.; Heiman, Don; Menon, Latika] Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Friedman, Adam L.; Glaser, Evan R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chun, Hyunkyung; Jung, Yung Joon] Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Friedman, AL (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Friedman, Adam/D-9610-2011; Jung, Yung Joon/L-2032-2013 OI Friedman, Adam/0000-0003-0597-5432; FU NSF [ECCS 0551468] FX This work was supported by the NSF Grant No. ECCS 0551468. NR 17 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 11 AR 115461 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.115461 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 577UF UT WOS:000276248800174 ER PT J AU Yang, HS Cahill, DG Liu, X Feldman, JL Crandall, RS Sperling, BA Abelson, JR AF Yang, Ho-Soon Cahill, David G. Liu, X. Feldman, J. L. Crandall, R. S. Sperling, B. A. Abelson, J. R. TI Anomalously high thermal conductivity of amorphous Si deposited by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SPECTRA; SILICON; QUALITY; MODEL; HEAT AB The thermal conductivities of thin films of amorphous Si (a-Si) deposited by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) are measured by time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR). Amorphous Si samples prepared at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) show an anomalous enhancement in thermal conductivity compared to other forms of a-Si and compared to the prediction of the model of the minimum thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of the NREL HWCVD a-Si samples also decreases with increasing frequency of the temperature fields used in the experiment. This frequency dependence of the thermal conductivity is nearly identical to the results of our previous studies of crystalline semiconductor alloys; a comparison of the frequency dependence to a phonon-scattering model suggests that Rayleigh-type scattering controls the mean-free path of similar to 5 meV phonons in this material. Amorphous Si films prepared at University of Illinois (U. Illinois) do not show an enhanced thermal conductivity even though Raman vibrational spectra of the U. Illinois and NREL samples are nearly identical. Thus, the thermal conductivity of a-Si depends on details of the microstructure that are not revealed by vibrational spectroscopy and measurements by TDTR provide a convenient method of identifying novel microstructures in amorphous materials. C1 [Yang, Ho-Soon] Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Cahill, David G.; Sperling, B. A.; Abelson, J. R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Cahill, David G.] Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Feldman, J. L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Crandall, R. S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Feldman, J. L.] George Mason Univ, Dept Computat & Data Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Yang, HS (reprint author), Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Pusan 609735, South Korea. EM d-cahill@uiuc.edu RI Cahill, David/B-3495-2014 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER46459, DE-FG02-07ER46453, DE-FG02-07ER46471]; Korean Science and Engineering Foundation [R01-2006-000-10742-0]; Office of Naval Research FX This research was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Award No. DE-FG02-07ER46459, by Grant No. R01-2006-000-10742-0 from the Korean Science and Engineering Foundation, and the Office of Naval Research. Experiments were carried out in the Laser and Spectroscopy Laboratory of the Materials Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois, which is partially supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Grants No. DE-FG02-07ER46453 and No. DE-FG02-07ER46471. We thank Y. K. Koh for his help with the TDTR experiments and W. Wang for Raman spectra at 785 nm. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 104203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.104203 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 577UE UT WOS:000276248700050 ER PT J AU Niles, SP Blau, J Colson, WB AF Niles, S. P. Blau, J. Colson, W. B. TI Hermite-Gaussian decomposition of free electron laser optical fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB Free electron lasers (FELs) are favored in many research applications due to their ability to operate primarily in the fundamental (Gaussian) mode. In oscillator FELs, the appropriate basis set for decomposition is uniquely determined by the cavity parameters. Since FEL amplifiers generate and amplify the optical field over the length of the undulator influenced only by the electron beam, the appropriate basis set is not uniquely determined. A methodology is presented to decompose the optical fields with a Hermite-Gaussian basis set chosen such that the number of higher-order modes is minimized. The methodology is used to study amplifier FEL optical beams for comparison with experiment. C1 [Niles, S. P.; Blau, J.; Colson, W. B.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Niles, SP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM spniles@nps.edu; blau@nps.edu; wbcolson@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research and the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD MAR PY 2010 VL 13 IS 3 AR 030702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.13.030702 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 576ZR UT WOS:000276189500003 ER PT J AU Aristoff, JM Truscott, TT Techet, AH Bush, JWM AF Aristoff, Jeffrey M. Truscott, Tadd T. Techet, Alexandra H. Bush, John W. M. TI The water entry of decelerating spheres SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID CAVITY DYNAMICS; SURFACE; DISKS AB We present the results of a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the vertical impact of low-density spheres on a water surface. Particular attention is given to characterizing the sphere dynamics and the influence of its deceleration on the shape of the resulting air cavity. A theoretical model is developed which yields simple expressions for the pinch-off time and depth, as well as the volume of air entrained by the sphere. Theoretical predictions compare favorably with our experimental observations, and allow us to rationalize the form of water-entry cavities resulting from the impact of buoyant and nearly buoyant spheres. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3309454] C1 [Aristoff, Jeffrey M.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Truscott, Tadd T.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Techet, Alexandra H.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bush, John W. M.] MIT, Dept Math, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Aristoff, JM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. FU National Science Foundation [CTS-0624830]; Office of Naval Research University Laboratory Initiative [N00014-06-1-0445] FX J.W.M.B. gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the National Science Foundation through Grant No. CTS-0624830; J.M.A. acknowledges the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program; A. H. T. and T. T. T. acknowledge the Office of Naval Research University Laboratory Initiative under Grant No. N00014-06-1-0445. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAR PY 2010 VL 22 IS 3 AR 032102 DI 10.1063/1.3309454 PG 8 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 577HC UT WOS:000276212200010 ER PT J AU Roberts, NC AF Roberts, Nancy C. TI Spanning "Bleeding" Boundaries: Humanitarianism, NGOs, and the Civilian-Military Nexus in the Post-Cold War Era SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW LA English DT Article AB How do nongovernmental (NGO), international (IO), and military organizations cope with their dependencies and address their perceptual and real differences in order to coordinate their field operations? This question is addressed through the creation of a matrix grouping civilian (NGOs and IOs) and military operations into four general types: peacekeeping; disaster relief; complex humanitarian emergencies/warfare; and stabilization and reconstruction. Second, using Galbraith's information processing approach to organizational design, a range of formal coordination mechanisms that organizations use at the strategic and operational levels to help them cope with their dependencies in different field operations is identified. Third, the author underscores how communities of practice are emerging as informal mechanisms of coordination among civilian and military organizations. And finally, a framework of organizational forms that views communities of practice as an alternative to hierarchy and markets is offered. Believing communities of practice hold the most promise for coordination in the human security domain when hierarchies are politically untenable and markets lack accountability, the author concludes with implications for interorganization coordination research and practice. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, CORE Lab, Def Anal Dept, Grad Sch Operat & Informat Sci, Monterey, CA USA. RP Roberts, NC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, CORE Lab, Def Anal Dept, Grad Sch Operat & Informat Sci, Monterey, CA USA. EM nroberts@nps.edu NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0033-3352 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN REV JI Public Adm. Rev. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 70 IS 2 BP 212 EP 222 PG 11 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 554SJ UT WOS:000274454400004 ER PT J AU Kiefer, D Keeler, S Cremer, M Chawla, K Lerner, V Hanna, N AF Kiefer, Daniel Keeler, Sean Cremer, Miriam Chawla, Kiranpreet Lerner, Veronica Hanna, Nazeeh TI New Model Leading to Preterm Delivery: The Role of Exposure to Environmental Toxins SO REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Gynecologic-Investigation CY MAR 24-27, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP Soc Gynecol Investigat C1 [Kiefer, Daniel; Hanna, Nazeeh] Winthrop Univ Hosp, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. [Chawla, Kiranpreet; Lerner, Veronica] NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Cremer, Miriam] Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Keeler, Sean] USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1933-7191 J9 REPROD SCI JI Reprod. Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 17 IS 3 SU S MA 371 BP 170A EP 170A PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 568XE UT WOS:000275558600370 ER PT J AU Johnson, BJ Melde, BJ Thomas, C Malanoski, AP Leska, IA Charles, PT Parrish, DA Deschamps, JR AF Johnson, Brandy J. Melde, Brian J. Thomas, Cassandra Malanoski, Anthony P. Leska, Iwona A. Charles, Paul T. Parrish, Damon A. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. TI Fluorescent Silicate Materials for the Detection of Paraoxon SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE mesoporous; organosilica; fluorescence; porphyrin; hierarchical; detection; organophosphate ID HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID; SOL-GEL METHOD; MESOPOROUS SILICA; NANOPOROUS ORGANOSILICAS; MOLECULAR-COMPLEXES; PORPHYRIN COMPLEXES; TNT DETECTION; ADSORPTION; OXYGEN; FILMS AB Porphyrins are a family of highly conjugated molecules that strongly absorb visible light and fluoresce intensely. These molecules are sensitive to changes in their immediate environment and have been widely described for optical detection applications. Surfactant-templated organosilicate materials have been described for the semi-selective adsorption of small molecule contaminants. These structures offer high surface areas and large pore volumes within an organized framework. The organic bridging groups in the materials can be altered to provide varied binding characteristics. This effort seeks to utilize the tunable binding selectivity, high surface area, and low materials density of these highly ordered pore networks and to combine them with the unique spectrophotometric properties of porphyrins. In the porphyrin-embedded materials (PEMs), the organosilicate scaffold stabilizes the porphyrin and facilitates optimal orientation of porphyrin and target. The materials can be stored under ambient conditions and offer exceptional shelf-life. Here, we report on the design of PEMs with specificity for organophosphates and compounds of similar structure. C1 [Johnson, Brandy J.; Melde, Brian J.; Thomas, Cassandra; Malanoski, Anthony P.; Charles, Paul T.; Parrish, Damon A.; Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Leska, Iwona A.] NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Johnson, BJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brandy.white@nrl.navy.mil; brian.melde@nrl.navy.mil; cassandrathomas06@yahoo.com; anthony.malanoski@nrl.navy.mil; iwona.leska.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; paul.charles@nrl.navy.mil; damon.parrish@nrl.navy.mil; jeff.deschamps@nrl.navy.mil RI Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; Johnson, Brandy/B-3462-2008; OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Johnson, Brandy/0000-0002-3637-0631; Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU U.S. Naval Research Laboratory [NRL 6.1 WU 69-8765]; U.S. DoD Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [ER-1604]; U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency [BA08PRO015]; U.S. Navy; U.S. Department of Defense; U.S. Government FX C. Thomas participated in this effort as part of a National Science Foundation (NSF) sponsored NRL HBCU/MI/TCU summer internship. We have applied the SDC approach ("sequence-determinescredit") for determining the sequence of authors [45]. This research was sponsored by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL 6.1 WU#69-8765), U.S. DoD Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP; ER-1604), and the U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA; BA08PRO015). The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not represent those of the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 5 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD MAR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 2315 EP 2331 DI 10.3390/s100302315 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 589NY UT WOS:000277158300050 PM 22294928 ER PT J AU Evans, JS Strickland, DJ Woo, WK McMullin, DR Plunkett, SP Viereck, RA Hill, SM Woods, TN Eparvier, FG AF Evans, J. S. Strickland, D. J. Woo, W. K. McMullin, D. R. Plunkett, S. P. Viereck, R. A. Hill, S. M. Woods, T. N. Eparvier, F. G. TI Early Observations by the GOES-13 Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Sensor (EUVS) SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOMETER SYSTEM XPS; II SOLSTICE-II; IRRADIANCE VARIABILITY; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; CALIBRATIONS; MODEL; THERMOSPHERE; TRANSMISSION; CELIAS/SEM; DYNAMICS AB NOAA's GOES-13 satellite, launched in May 2006, includes a new solar sensor, called EUVS (Extreme UltraViolet Sensor), that measures energy fluxes in five broad-band spectral channels that span the region from 1 to 130 nm. Here, we report on measurements made during the mission's six-month post-launch test (PLT) period which provided nearly continuous observations from August through November 2006 and the recording of an X9 flare that occurred on 5 December 2006. In this paper, we present a calibration model for the GOES EUVS that incorporates the effects of pointing offsets, cross-disk radiance variability (radiance refers to partial-disk emission), and changes to assumed spectral shapes. Appendices are included that report on the sensitivity to these effects. The main body of the paper gives a description of the model and data recorded during the PLT period. Comparisons are made with time-coincident measurements from TIMED/SEE (Version 10.02), SOHO/SEM, and SORCE/ SOLSTICE for the time period August-November. Comparisons are made with SORCE/XPS for the 5 December flare. In general, there is agreement among the data sets within expected measurement uncertainties. There will be a series of EUVSs extending into the next generation of GOES (starting with GOES-13). The initial performance of GOES-13 EUVS, including 5-channel measurements approximately every 11 s on a nearly continuous basis, suggests that the EUVS series will play a key role over the next many years in monitoring solar EUV variability. C1 [Evans, J. S.; Strickland, D. J.; Woo, W. K.] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [McMullin, D. R.] Space Syst Res Corp, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. [Plunkett, S. P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Viereck, R. A.; Hill, S. M.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Woods, T. N.; Eparvier, F. G.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Evans, JS (reprint author), Computat Phys Inc, 8001 Braddock Rd,Suite 210, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM evans@cpi.com NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 262 IS 1 BP 71 EP 115 DI 10.1007/s11207-009-9491-x PG 45 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 557RT UT WOS:000274688500006 ER PT J AU Johnson, M AF Johnson, Mark TI Spin caloritronics and the thermomagnetoelectric system SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Magnetic films and multilayers; Thermodynamic properties; Spin dynamics ID INJECTION AB The methods of nonequilibrium thermodynamics are applied to study the transport of charge, heat and nonequilibrium spin magnetization in a discrete system comprised of a ferromagnetic metal making interfacial contact with a nonmagnetic metal. A thermomagnetic effect relating spin accumulation to an interfacial difference of temperature is described. Temperature gradients related to spin relaxation are discussed. Some recent experimental results are reviewed using the framework provided by the thermomagnetoelectric system. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mail Code 6360-1,4555 Overlook Av SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mark.b.johnson@nrl.navy.mil RI Riminucci, Alberto/D-7525-2011 OI Riminucci, Alberto/0000-0003-0976-1810 FU Office of Naval Research FX The author gratefully acknowledges the support of the Office of Naval Research. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 150 IS 11-12 SI SI BP 543 EP 547 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2009.10.027 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 580GK UT WOS:000276435600020 ER PT J AU Oates, DE Agassi, YD Moeckly, BH AF Oates, D. E. Agassi, Y. D. Moeckly, B. H. TI Microwave measurements of MgB2: implications for applications and order-parameter symmetry SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS'09) CY SEP 13-17, 2009 CL Dresden, GERMANY ID INTERMODULATION; NONLINEARITY; DEPENDENCE; YBCO AB We present measurements of the microwave properties of high-quality thin films of MgB2 deposited by reactive evaporation on both dielectric and metallic substrates. The measurements include those of the surface impedance and the intermodulation distortion (IMD), both as a function of microwave power at temperatures from 1.8 to 35 K. A stripline resonator at 2 GHz is used for the measurements on dielectric substrates and a dielectric resonator at 10.7 GHz is used for the films on metallic substrates. The surface resistance of the MgB2 is lower than that of our sputtered niobium films, and no power dependence was observed up to surface radio-frequency magnetic fields of 400 Oe at 5 K. The temperature dependence of the IMD at low circulating power shows an increase at temperatures T < 10 K that cannot be explained on the basis of s-wave symmetry of the order parameter in both energy gaps. Within the gap-symmetry constraints of the hexagonal crystal symmetry of MgB2, the best fit with our IMD and penetration depth measurements is obtained for the pi-gap symmetry given by Delta(phi, T) = Delta(0)(T) sin(6 phi), where phi is the azimuthal angle in the ab plane, and Delta(0)(T) is a weakly temperature dependent amplitude at low temperatures. This symmetry entails there being six nodal lines. C1 [Oates, D. E.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Agassi, Y. D.] USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Moeckly, B. H.] Superconductor Technol Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. RP Oates, DE (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. EM oates@ll.mit.edu NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 23 IS 3 AR 034011 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/23/3/034011 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 559DH UT WOS:000274800500012 ER PT J AU McClatchey, SK Hofmeister, EM AF McClatchey, Scott K. Hofmeister, Elizabeth M. TI The Optics of Alphakic and Pseudophakic Eyes in Childhood SO SURVEY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE children; intraocular lens; myopia; optics; pseudophakia; refraction ID INTRAOCULAR-LENS IMPLANTATION; MYOPIC SHIFT; PEDIATRIC PSEUDOPHAKIA; REFRACTIVE OUTCOMES; AXIAL ELONGATION; 1ST YEAR; CATARACT; AGE AB The growth of the eye results ill a myopic shift in aphakic and pseudophakic eyes during childhood. Cataract surgery after the age of 6 months, with Or Without lens implantation, appears to have little effect Oil the rate of refractive growth. Most children with pseudophakia have a large amount of myopic shift.. This myopic shift is greatest in children with surgery at younger ages. It is also greater in eyes With high-power intraocular lenses Clue to an Optical phenomenon analogous to the effect of Vertex distance. The amount of myopic shift and the Variance in rate of refractive growth can be predicted using an empiric, logarithmic model. We describe a revision of this logarithmic model to extend it patients with surgery before 3 months of age. We also analyze the variance in the rate of refractive growth, based on data from pseudophakic children with the longest follow-up in proportion to age. (Surv Ophthalmol 55:174-182, 2010. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Loma Linda Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. RP McClatchey, SK (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Suite 202,34520 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM Scott.McClatchey@med.navy.mil NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0039-6257 J9 SURV OPHTHALMOL JI Surv. Ophthalmol. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 55 IS 2 BP 174 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.07.001 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 564KA UT WOS:000275211700007 PM 19786290 ER PT J AU O'Guinn, ML Klein, TA Lee, JS Richards, AL Kim, HC Ha, SJ Shim, SH Baek, LJ Song, KJ Chong, ST Turell, MJ Burkett, DA Schuster, A Lee, IY Yi, SH Sames, WJ Song, JW AF O'Guinn, Monica L. Klein, Terry A. Lee, John S. Richards, Allen L. Kim, Heung-Chul Ha, Si Jung Shim, So Hee Baek, Luck Ju Song, Ki-Joon Chong, Sung-Tae Turell, Michael J. Burkett, Douglas A. Schuster, Anthony Lee, In-Yong Yi, Suk-Hee Sames, William J. Song, Jin-Won TI Serological Surveillance of Scrub Typhus, Murine Typhus, and Leptospirosis in Small Mammals Captured at Firing Points 10 and 60, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea, 2001-2005 SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Apodemus; Crocidura; insectivores; leptospirosis; Micromys; Microtus; murine typhus; Myodes; Orientia; Rattus; Rickettsia; rodents; scrub typhus; Tscherskia ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SPOTTED-FEVER GROUP; RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; CLINICAL-DIAGNOSIS; RAPID DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; DISEASE; RODENTS; THAILAND; HUMANS AB Soldiers from the Republic of Korea and the United States conducting peacetime military operations at various training sites and multiple range complexes located near the demilitarized zone separating North and South Korea are exposed to rodents and their potentially disease-carrying ectoparasites. These diseases include scrub typhus, murine typhus, and leptospirosis. Many of the training sites are rural or semi-rural, surrounded or co-located with various forms of agriculture, and are infested with rodents and insectivores (as well as their ectoparasites), which are commonly found in association with unmanaged tall grasses, scrub, and crawling vegetation habitats. For 5 years, rodents and insectivores were collected seasonally (spring, summer, fall, and winter) at firing points 10 and 60 near the demilitarized zone and serologically tested for the presence of scrub typhus, murine typhus, and leptospirosis antibodies. Of the nine species of small mammals collected, Apodemus agrarius, the common striped field mouse and known reservoir of scrub typhus, was the most frequently collected (90.6%). Only four of the nine species captured, A. agrarius (60.9%), Micromys minutus (100%), Mus musculus (55.6%), and Rattus norvegicus (46.7%), were positive for scrub typhus. Of all the small mammals captured, only A. agrarius was positive for murine typhus (0.3%) and leptospirosis (1.3%). Seasonal and annual prevalence rates based on weight and sex are presented. C1 [Ha, Si Jung; Shim, So Hee; Baek, Luck Ju; Song, Ki-Joon; Song, Jin-Won] Korea Univ, Dept Microbiol, Coll Med, Inst Viral Dis, Seoul 136705, South Korea. [Ha, Si Jung; Shim, So Hee; Baek, Luck Ju; Song, Ki-Joon; Song, Jin-Won] Korea Univ, Dept Microbiol, Coll Med, Bank Pathogen Viruses, Seoul 136705, South Korea. [O'Guinn, Monica L.; Lee, John S.; Turell, Michael J.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Klein, Terry A.; Yi, Suk-Hee; Sames, William J.] Force Hlth Protect 18th Med Command, Unit 15281, APO, AP 96205 USA. [Richards, Allen L.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kim, Heung-Chul; Chong, Sung-Tae] 18th Med Command, Unit 15247, APO, AP 96205 USA. [Burkett, Douglas A.] AF Inst Operat Hlth, Human Syst Wing 311, Unit 5213, Kadena AFB, Okinawa, Japan. [Schuster, Anthony] Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med S, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lee, In-Yong] Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Dept Environm Med Biol, Seoul, South Korea. RP Song, JW (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Microbiol, Coll Med, Inst Viral Dis, 126-1,5Ka Anam Dong, Seoul 136705, South Korea. EM jwsong@korea.ac.kr RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU U.S. Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, Silver Spring, MD; Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center, Fort Detrick, MD FX Funding for portions of this work was provided by the U.S. Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, Silver Spring, MD, and the Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center, Fort Detrick, MD. NR 71 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 2 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1089/vbz.2008.0123 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 575PS UT WOS:000276080100004 PM 19402761 ER PT J AU Qi, H Alexson, D Glembocki, O Prokes, SM AF Qi, Hua Alexson, Dimitri Glembocki, Orest Prokes, S. M. TI Plasmonic coupling on dielectric nanowire core-metal sheath composites SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SINGLE-MOLECULE; SERS; NANOPARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; ARRAYS; PHTHALOCYANINE; FABRICATION; COLLOIDS; FILMS AB We have developed dielectric core/metal sheath nanowire (NW) composites for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), in which an electroless (EL) Ag plating approach was employed. The NW surface was uniformly covered with a high density of 3D silver islands, having a diameter in the 20-30 nm range and spaced less than approximate to 10 nm apart. In comparison with the silver deposition via e-beam evaporation, the EL coating approach has the advantage of full metal coverage of the NWs. This approach also provides a fast and simple way to completely cover any nanostructures with Ag, including nanowires, regardless of the orientation or shape. SERS measurements were performed using benzene thiol and the SERS signal strength of the EL-coated NW composites was significantly greater than expected, since the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of 20 nm Ag nanospheres is weak and in the UV, while our measurements were performed using a 514.5 nm laser line. However, we have modeled this system using our electric field calculations and the results indicate that the strong SERS signal is due to plasmonic coupling of neighboring closely spaced islands, as well as an enhanced substrate effect. In addition, the nanowire core serves as a template for the formation of these small, closely spaced Ag islands, resulting in the strong SERS signal. C1 [Qi, Hua; Alexson, Dimitri; Glembocki, Orest; Prokes, S. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Qi, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM huaqi@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; Prokes@estd.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) FX This work was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). HQ thanks the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) program for administrative support. Dr Mazeina is thanked for helpful nanowire growth and discussion. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD FEB 26 PY 2010 VL 21 IS 8 AR 085705 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/21/8/085705 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 548LT UT WOS:000273965000015 PM 20097974 ER PT J AU Tsoi, S Griva, I Trammell, SA Kedziora, G Schnur, JM Lebedev, N AF Tsoi, Stanislav Griva, Igor Trammell, Scott A. Kedziora, Gary Schnur, Joel M. Lebedev, Nikolai TI Observation of two discrete conductivity states in quinone-oligo(phenylene vinylene) SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-MOLECULE; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; REDOX MOLECULES; CONTROLLED CONDUCTANCE; JUNCTIONS; TRANSISTOR; DEPENDENCE AB The single-molecule conductivity of quinone-oligo(phenylene vinylene) (Q-OPV) attached to a gold substrate was studied using electrochemical scanning tunnelling microscopy. The results show that the molecule has two discrete conductivity states: a low-conductivity state, when it is oxidized, and a high-conductivity state, when reduced. The electron transport through the molecule in both states occurs via coherent tunnelling. The molecular conductivity in either oxidation state is independent from the electrochemical gate potential; however, the gate potential can be used to switch the oxidation state of the molecule. Numerical calculations suggest that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of Q-OPV controls tunnelling through the molecule and that the independence of conductivity from the electrochemical gate in either oxidation state originates from strong penetration of HOMO into the substrate. In addition, the greater delocalization of HOMO in the reduced state than in the oxidized state explains the greater conductivity of Q-OPV in the former than in the latter. C1 [Tsoi, Stanislav; Trammell, Scott A.; Lebedev, Nikolai] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Griva, Igor] George Mason Univ, Dept Math Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Griva, Igor] George Mason Univ, Dept Computat & Data Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Kedziora, Gary] High Performance Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schnur, Joel M.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Tsoi, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stsoi@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; nlebedev@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil FU NRL NanoScience Institute; DoD HPCMP FX This work was supported in parts by NRL NanoScience Institute and the Office of Naval Research via the NRL base programme. The computational work was supported by the DoD HPCMP. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD FEB 26 PY 2010 VL 21 IS 8 AR 085704 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/21/8/085704 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 548LT UT WOS:000273965000014 PM 20097971 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Baring, MG Bastieri, D Baughman, BM Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cognard, I Cohen-Tanugi, J Cominsky, LR Conrad, J Cutini, S Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Espinoza, C Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giavitto, G Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hays, E Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Katsuta, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kocian, ML Kramer, M Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Lyne, AG Madejski, GM Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakamori, T Nolan, PL Norris, JP Noutsos, A Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Rochester, LS Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stappers, BW Stecker, FW Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Theureau, G Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Tibolla, O Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Venter, C Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Yamazaki, R Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Baring, M. G. Bastieri, D. Baughman, B. M. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cognard, I. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Cominsky, L. R. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Espinoza, C. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giavitto, G. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Katsuta, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocian, M. L. Kramer, M. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Lyne, A. G. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakamori, T. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Noutsos, A. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Rochester, L. S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stappers, B. W. Stecker, F. W. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Theureau, G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Tibolla, O. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Venter, C. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Yamazaki, R. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI Gamma-Ray Emission from the Shell of Supernova Remnant W44 Revealed by the Fermi LAT SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SHOCKED MOLECULAR GAS; PULSAR WIND NEBULA; VERY-HIGH-ENERGY; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; STREAMING INSTABILITY; WAVE DISSIPATION; RX J1713.7-3946; AREA TELESCOPE; GALACTIC PLANE; COSMIC-RAYS AB Recent observations of supernova remnants (SNRs) hint that they accelerate cosmic rays to energies close to similar to 10(15) electron volts. However, the nature of the particles that produce the emission remains ambiguous. We report observations of SNR W44 with the Fermi Large Area Telescope at energies between 2 x 10(8) electron volts and 3 x 10(11) electron volts. The detection of a source with a morphology corresponding to the SNR shell implies that the emission is produced by particles accelerated there. The gamma-ray spectrum is well modeled with emission from protons and nuclei. Its steepening above similar to 10(9) electron volts provides a probe with which to study how particle acceleration responds to environmental effects such as shock propagation in dense clouds and how accelerated particles are released into interstellar space. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Inst Rech Lois Fondament Univers,Serv Astrophys, Lab Astrophys Instrumentat Modelisat,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Baughman, B. M.; Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Giebels, B.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caraveo, P. A.] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe.; Cheung, C. C.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.; Stecker, F. W.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.; Venter, C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] CNRS, UMR 6115, LPCE, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. [Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] INSU, CNRS, Observ Paris, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Cominsky, L. R.; Meurer, C.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Meurer, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] ASI, Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Coll Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, UMR 5797, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Espinoza, C.; Kramer, M.; Lyne, A. G.; Noutsos, A.; Stappers, B. W.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.; Yamazaki, R.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Giavitto, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Jackson, M. S.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kataoka, J.; Kawai, N.; Nakamori, T.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Katsuta, J.; Takahashi, T.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Katsuta, J.] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Kramer, M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Porter, T. A.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Porter, T. A.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tibolla, O.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona 08010, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Venter, C.] North West Univ, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Tajima, H (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM htajima@slac.stanford.edu; ttanaka@slac.stanford.edu; uchiyama@slac.stanford.edu RI Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Saz Parkinson, Pablo Miguel/I-7980-2013; Venter, Christo/E-6884-2011; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Stecker, Floyd/D-3169-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; OI Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Venter, Christo/0000-0002-2666-4812; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924 FU NASA; Department of Energy in the United States; CEA/Irfu; IN2P3/CNRS; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France; ASI; INFN; INAF in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); JAXA in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; National Space Board in Sweden FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges support from a number of agencies and institutes for both development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include NASA and Department of Energy in the United States; CEA/Irfu, IN2P3/CNRS, and Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France; ASI, INFN, and INAF in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and JAXA in Japan; and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the National Space Board in Sweden. NR 31 TC 154 Z9 156 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 26 PY 2010 VL 327 IS 5969 BP 1103 EP 1106 DI 10.1126/science.1182787 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 560KJ UT WOS:000274901100028 PM 20056857 ER PT J AU Radko, T AF Radko, Timour TI Equilibration of weakly nonlinear salt fingers SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE FLOW; THERMOHALINE STAIRCASES; TURBULENT CONVECTION; AMPLITUDE; INTERIORS; LAYERS; FLUID; STARS AB An analytical model is developed to explain the equilibration mechanism of the salt finger instability in unbounded temperature and salinity gradients. The theory is based on the weakly nonlinear asymptotic expansion about the point of marginal instability. The proposed solutions attribute equilibration of salt fingers to a combination of two processes: (i) the triad interaction and (ii) spontaneous development of the mean vertical shear. The non-resonant triad interactions control the equilibration of linear growth for moderate and large values of Prandtl number (Pr) and for slightly unstable parameters. For small Pr and/or rigorous instabilities, the mean shear effects become essential. It is shown that, individually, neither the mean field nor the triad interaction models can accurately describe the equilibrium patterns of salt fingers in all regions of the parameter space. Therefore, we propose a new hybrid model, which represents both stabilizing effects in a single framework. The resulting Solutions agree with the fully nonlinear numerical simulations over a wide range of governing parameters. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Radko, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tradko@nps.edu NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD FEB 25 PY 2010 VL 645 BP 121 EP 143 DI 10.1017/S0022112009992552 PG 23 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 570LF UT WOS:000275678600005 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM AF Bermudez, V. M. TI Ab Initio Study of the Interaction of Dimethyl Methylphosphonate with Rutile (110) and Anatase (101) TiO2 Surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID WARFARE AGENT SIMULANT; CLUSTER CALCULATIONS; PHOSPHONIC ACID; PHOTOCATALYTIC DECOMPOSITION; ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS COMPOUNDS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; MICROCRYSTALLINE TIO2; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DENSITY FUNCTIONALS AB Density functional theory has been applied to an ab initio Study of the molecular and the dissociative adsorption of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) oil TiO2. Rutile (110)-(1 x 1) and anatase (101)-(1 x 1) Surfaces, free of defects and of OH, have been modeled using two-dimensionally periodic slabs (2-DPS) and also clusters with unsaturated edge atoms terminated with pseudohydrogen. Molecular adsorption Occurs via the formation of a Ti-5c center dot center dot center dot O=P dative bond at unsaturated, 5-fold-coordinated Ti Surface sites. C-H center dot center dot center dot O bonds between CH3 groups and surface 0 atoms also contribute, but dative bonding between methoxy O atoms and Ti-5c sites has no significant effect. In 2-DPS calculations, all TiO2 Surfaces considered give about the same adsorption energy (Delta E-ads)for molecular adsorption. There does, however, appear to be a small variation among the different Substrates whereby Delta E-ads increases with Surface energy. Two spectroscopic Signatures of molecular adsorption have been computed. One is a shift of -70 cm(-1), relative to the gas-phase value, in the nu(P=O) stretching frequency, and the other is a shift of 0.5 eV to higher bindind energy, relative to the gas-phase value, of the molecular HOMO. Several hypothetically possible products have been considered for the first step in dissociative adsorption. The most favorable is a (CH3)(CH3O)P(-O-)(2) bridge between two Ti-5c Sites together with a CH3 bonded to the O atom of a (Ti-)(2)O-2c site. This model is consistent with experimental results for DMMP adsorption oil OH-free rutile (110) surfaces. Oil all TiO2 Surfaces considered, dissociative adsorption is more exothermic than molecular adsorption. In 2-DPS calculations, Delta E-ads for dissociative adsorption is essentially the same for rutile (110) and anatase (101), but is smaller than that for anatase (010). The cluster models give results that are generally consistent with those of 2-DPS models; however, Delta E-ads is somewhat overestimated in the cluster Calculations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM victor.bermudez@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). Computer facilities were provided by the Naval Research Laboratory and by the DOD High-Performance Computing Modernization Program at the AFRL-MSRC, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, and at the ARL-MSRC, Adelphi, MD. X. Duan (AFRL-MSRC) is thanked for installing the LoptCG script and for help with various aspects of running the CRYSTAL code. D. A. Chen, S. Erwin, J. D. Evanseck, L. Ojamae, J. A. Plumley, J. Scaranto, D. Sorescu and D. G. Truhlar are thanked for helpful communications. NR 97 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD FEB 25 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 7 BP 3063 EP 3074 DI 10.1021/jp9098304 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 556GQ UT WOS:000274578700032 ER PT J AU Wrotny, JE Nedoluha, GE Boone, C Stiller, GP McCormack, JP AF Wrotny, Jonathan E. Nedoluha, Gerald E. Boone, Chris Stiller, Gabriele P. McCormack, John P. TI Total hydrogen budget of the equatorial upper stratosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE TEMPERATURES; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; WATER-VAPOR BUDGET; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; EMISSION-SPECTRA; CH4; MIPAS; H2O; TRENDS AB Water vapor and methane mixing ratios measured by the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), and the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) along with simulations from the NRL CHEM2D middle atmosphere model are used to study the hydrogen budget in the equatorial upper stratosphere. Multiyear time series of equatorial upper stratospheric H2O + 2*CH4 show temporal variations during periods of relative long-term stability in water vapor and methane entering the stratosphere. These variations, which are anticorrelated to CH4, are quasibiennial and seasonal in nature, and peak near 2 hPa with a magnitude of 3% of the H2O + 2*CH4 mixing ratio. We find that the ratio of the changes in water vapor to the changes in methane is consistently >2 over the entire equatorial upper stratosphere in HALOE, ACE, and MIPAS data. Ratios of the H2O to CH4 changes calculated from the CHEM2D model are similar, but slightly smaller, and the variations in H2O + 2*CH4 are balanced by nearly equivalent variations in molecular hydrogen. We use this relationship to infer molecular hydrogen mixing ratios from the observations which show that its mixing ratio decreases with altitude above 5 hPa. This net loss in molecular hydrogen drives additional water vapor production so that multiyear average profiles of H2O + 2*CH4 from HALOE, ACE, and MIPAS show an similar to 0.4 ppmv increase between 5 hPa and 1.5 hPa, so that total hydrogen is conserved. Collectively, these results illustrate the importance of molecular hydrogen in the equatorial upper stratospheric hydrogen budget. C1 [Wrotny, Jonathan E.; Nedoluha, Gerald E.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Boone, Chris] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [McCormack, John P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stiller, Gabriele P.] Univ Karlsruhe, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, IMK ASF, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Wrotny, JE (reprint author), Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20706 USA. EM jwrotny@aer.com RI Stiller, Gabriele/A-7340-2013; OI Stiller, Gabriele/0000-0003-2883-6873; McCormack, John/0000-0002-3674-0508 FU National Academy of Sciences (NAS); National Research Council (NRC) FX We would like to thank the HALOE and MIPAS (IMK-ASF) teams for making their data available, and thanks go to the Canadian Space Agency for access to the ACE data. We thank M. McHugh (GATS, Inc.) for data of HALOE and ACE comparisons, and we thank S. Frith (NASA) for QBO EOF functions. We also appreciate helpful discussions with E. Shettle (NRL), K. Hoppel ( NRL), D. Siskind (NRL), and E. Remsberg (NASA). This work was supported by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) National Research Council (NRC) fellowship program. NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 24 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D04302 DI 10.1029/2009JD012135 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 562FV UT WOS:000275036100001 ER PT J AU Freitas, JA AF Freitas, Jaime A., Jr. TI Properties of the state of the art of bulk III-V nitride substrates and homoepitaxial layers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; VALENCE-BAND SPLITTINGS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; DOPED GAN FILMS; NA FLUX METHOD; HIGH-PRESSURE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; AMMONOTHERMAL GAN; ALUMINUM NITRIDE AB The technological importance of III-V nitride semiconductors relies on their variety of applications, which cover optical, optoelectronic and electronic devices capable of operating under extreme values of current, voltage and temperature. The major roadblock for full realization of the potential of nitride semiconductors is still the availability of affordable large-area and high-quality native substrates with controlled electrical properties. Despite the impressive accomplishments recently achieved by techniques such as hydride vapour phase epitaxy and ammonothermal for GaN and sublimation for AlN, much more must be attained before establishing a bulk growth technique of choice to grow these materials. A brief review of the structural, optical and electronic properties of the state of the art of bulk and thick-film (quasi-bulk) nitride substrates and homoepitaxial films is presented, and a few device applications are also highlighted. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Elect Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Elect Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jaime.freitas@nrl.navy.mil NR 130 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 58 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD FEB 24 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 7 AR 073001 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/43/7/073001 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 552UD UT WOS:000274318200002 ER PT J AU Nguyen, JT Hoopes, JD Le, MH Smee, DF Patick, AK Faix, DJ Blair, PJ de Jong, MD Prichard, MN Went, GT AF Nguyen, Jack T. Hoopes, Justin D. Le, Minh H. Smee, Donald F. Patick, Amy K. Faix, Dennis J. Blair, Patrick J. de Jong, Menno D. Prichard, Mark N. Went, Gregory T. TI Triple Combination of Amantadine, Ribavirin, and Oseltamivir Is Highly Active and Synergistic against Drug Resistant Influenza Virus Strains In Vitro SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID A H1N1 VIRUSES; NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITORS; HEMAGGLUTININ GLYCOPROTEIN; CELL-CULTURE; MDCK CELLS; APRIL 2009; MICE; INFECTIONS; SURVEILLANCE; WORLDWIDE AB The rapid emergence and subsequent spread of the novel 2009 Influenza A/H1N1 virus (2009 H1N1) has prompted the World Health Organization to declare the first pandemic of the 21(st) century, highlighting the threat of influenza to public health and healthcare systems. Widespread resistance to both classes of influenza antivirals (adamantanes and neuraminidase inhibitors) occurs in both pandemic and seasonal viruses, rendering these drugs to be of marginal utility in the treatment modality. Worldwide, virtually all 2009 H1N1 and seasonal H3N2 strains are resistant to the adamantanes (rimantadine and amantadine), and the majority of seasonal H1N1 strains are resistant to oseltamivir, the most widely prescribed neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI). To address the need for more effective therapy, we evaluated the in vitro activity of a triple combination antiviral drug (TCAD) regimen composed of drugs with different mechanisms of action against drug-resistant seasonal and 2009 H1N1 influenza viruses. Amantadine, ribavirin, and oseltamivir, alone and in combination, were tested against amantadine-and oseltamivir-resistant influenza A viruses using an in vitro infection model in MDCK cells. Our data show that the triple combination was highly synergistic against drug-resistant viruses, and the synergy of the triple combination was significantly greater than the synergy of any double combination tested (P < 0.05), including the combination of two NAIs. Surprisingly, amantadine and oseltamivir contributed to the antiviral activity of the TCAD regimen against amantadine-and oseltamivir-resistant viruses, respectively, at concentrations where they had no activity as single agents, and at concentrations that were clinically achievable. Our data demonstrate that the TCAD regimen composed of amantadine, ribavirin, and oseltamivir is highly synergistic against resistant viruses, including 2009 H1N1. The TCAD regimen overcomes baseline drug resistance to both classes of approved influenza antivirals, and thus may represent a highly active antiviral therapy for seasonal and pandemic influenza. C1 [Nguyen, Jack T.; Le, Minh H.; Patick, Amy K.; Went, Gregory T.] Adamas Pharmaceut Inc, Emeryville, CA USA. [Hoopes, Justin D.; Smee, Donald F.] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Faix, Dennis J.; Blair, Patrick J.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [de Jong, Menno D.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Prichard, Mark N.] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Nguyen, JT (reprint author), Adamas Pharmaceut Inc, Emeryville, CA USA. EM jnguyen@adamaspharma.com; gwent@adamaspharma.com FU Adamas Pharmaceuticals FX Funding for this study was provided by Adamas Pharmaceuticals. Authors from Adamas Pharmaceuticals participated in the design of the studies, analysis of the data, and preparing the manuscript. NR 40 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 22 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 2 AR e9332 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0009332 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 560SU UT WOS:000274923900006 PM 20179772 ER PT J AU Prasuhn, DE Deschamps, JR Susumu, K Stewart, MH Boeneman, K Blanco-Canosa, JB Dawson, PE Medintz, IL AF Prasuhn, Duane E. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Susumu, Kimihiro Stewart, Michael H. Boeneman, Kelly Blanco-Canosa, Juan B. Dawson, Philip E. Medintz, Igor L. TI Polyvalent Display and Packing of Peptides and Proteins on Semiconductor Quantum Dots: Predicted Versus Experimental Results SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE nanoparticles; peptides; proteins; quantum dots; semiconductors ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; NANOCRYSTALS; STABILITY; DIAGNOSTICS; LIGANDS; NUMBER; DONORS AB Quantum dots (QDs) are loaded with. a series of peptides and proteins of increasing size, including a <20 residue peptide, myoglobin, mCherry, and maltose binding protein, which together cover a range of masses from <2.2 to approximate to 44 kDa. Conjugation to the surface of dihydrolipoic acid-functionalized QDs is facilitated by polyhistidine metal affinity coordination. Increasing ratios of dye-labeled peptides and proteins are self-assembled to the QDs and then the bioconjugates are separated and analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis. Fluorescent visualization of both conjugated and unbound species allows determination of an experimentally derived maximum loading number. Molecular modeling utilizing crystallographic coordinates or space-filling structures of the peptides and proteins also allow the predicted maximum loadings to the QDs to be estimated. Comparison of the two sets of results provides insight into the nature of the QD surface and reflects the important role played by the nanoparticle's hydrophilic solubilizing surface ligands. It is found that,for the larger protein molecules steric hindrance is the major packing constraint. In contrast, for the smaller peptides, the number of available QD binding sites is the principal determinant. These results can contribute towards an overall understanding of how to engineer designer bioconjugates for both QDs and other nanoparticle materials. C1 [Prasuhn, Duane E.; Deschamps, Jeffrey R.; Boeneman, Kelly; Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro; Stewart, Michael H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil RI Gemmill, Kelly/G-2167-2012; OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU CB Directorote/Physical S&T Division DTRA/ARO; ONR; NRL; NRL-NSI; American Society for Engineering Education Fellowship; National Research Council Fellowship; Marie Curie Foundation; NIH [P41 RR-01081] FX The authors acknowledge the CB Directorote/Physical S&T Division DTRA/ARO, ONR, NRL, and the NRL-NSI for financial support. D.E.P and K.B. are supported by an American Society for Engineering Education Fellowship through NRL. M.H.S. is supported by a National Research Council Fellowship. J.B.B.-C. gratefully acknowledges the Marie Curie Foundation for a postdoctoral fellowship. Molecular graphics images were produced using the UCSF Chimera package from the Resource for Biocomputing, Visualization, and Informatics at the University of California, Son Francisco (supported by NIH P41 RR-01081). NR 50 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 39 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 EI 1613-6829 J9 SMALL JI Small PD FEB 22 PY 2010 VL 6 IS 4 BP 555 EP 564 DI 10.1002/smll.200901845 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 565AJ UT WOS:000275260100011 PM 20077423 ER PT J AU Crum-Cianflone, NF Hullsiek, KH Marconi, VC Ganesan, A Weintrob, A Barthel, RV Agan, BK AF Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. Hullsiek, Katherine Huppler Marconi, Vincent C. Ganesan, Anuradha Weintrob, Amy Barthel, Robert V. Agan, Brian K. CA Infect Dis Clinical Res Program TI Anal cancers among HIV-infected persons: HAART is not slowing rising incidence SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE anal cancer; antiretroviral therapy; epidemiology; HAART; HIV; incidence rates ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL LESIONS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; POSITIVE MEN; RISK-FACTOR; ERA; NEOPLASIA; TRENDS AB Objective: To evaluate the incidence rates of anal cancer over the HIV epidemic and assess the impact of HAART use on anal cancer events. Methods: We evaluated the incidence of and factors associated with anal cancer using longitudinal data from the prospective U. S. Military Natural History Study (19852008). Poisson regression and Cox proportional hazard models were utilized. Results: Among 4506 HIV-infected men with 37 806 person-years of follow-up, anal cancer rates (per 100 000 person-years) increased five-fold, from 11 in the pre-HAART to 55 in the HAART era (P = 0.02). Rates continued to increase, reaching 128 in 2006-2008. Persons with HIV infection for more than 15 years had a 12-fold higher rate than those with less than 5 years (348 vs. 28, P < 0.01). At cancer diagnosis (n - 19), median age was 42 years, median CD4 cell count was 432 cells/mu l, 74% had a CD4 nadir cell count less than 200 cells/mu l, 42% had a prior AIDS event, and 74% had received HAART. From separate models, prior AIDS event (hazard ratio 3.88, P = 0.01) and lower CD4 nadir (hazard ratio 0.85 per 50 cell, P = 0.03) were associated with anal cancer, with a trend for a history of gonorrhea (hazard ratio 2.43, P = 0.07). Duration of HAART use was not associated with a reduced risk of anal cancer (hazard ratio 0.94, P = 0.42). Conclusion: Incidence rates of anal cancer have progressively increased during the HIV epidemic. Persons with a longer duration of HIV infection have a substantially higher rate of anal cancer. As HIV-infected persons are experiencing longer life expectancies and HAART does not appear protective of anal cancer, studies on preventive strategies are needed. (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Infect Dis Clin, Clin Invest Dept KCA, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.; Marconi, Vincent C.; Ganesan, Anuradha; Weintrob, Amy; Barthel, Robert V.; Agan, Brian K.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Hullsiek, Katherine Huppler] Univ Minnesota, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Marconi, Vincent C.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, San Antonio, TX USA. [Ganesan, Anuradha] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Bethesda, MD USA. [Weintrob, Amy] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Barthel, Robert V.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Infect Dis Clin, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Crum-Cianflone, NF (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Infect Dis Clin, Clin Invest Dept KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nancy.crum@med.navy.mil RI Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014; OI Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 FU IDCRP [G187YS-RV168D]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [Y1-AI-5072] FX Support for this work (IDCRP # G187YS-RV168D) was provided by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP), a Department of Defense (DoD) program executed through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. This project has been funded in whole, or in part, with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Inter-Agency Agreement Y1-AI-5072. The content of this publication is the sole responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the NIH or the Department of Health and Human Services, the DoD or the Departments of the Army, Navy, or Air Force. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. This work is original and has not been published elsewhere. NR 32 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD FEB 20 PY 2010 VL 24 IS 4 BP 535 EP 543 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328331f6e2 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 563QK UT WOS:000275148000006 PM 19926961 ER PT J AU Landrum, ML Hullsiek, KH Ganesan, A Weintrob, AC Crum-Cianflone, NF Barthel, RV O'Connell, RJ Fieberg, A Chun, HM Marconi, VC Dolan, MJ Agan, BK AF Landrum, Michael L. Hullsiek, Katherine Huppler Ganesan, Anuradha Weintrob, Amy C. Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. Barthel, R. Vincent O'Connell, Robert J. Fieberg, Ann Chun, Helen M. Marconi, Vincent C. Dolan, Matthew J. Agan, Brian K. CA Infect Dis Clinical Res Program TI Hepatitis B vaccination and risk of hepatitis B infection in HIV-infected individuals SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B vaccine; hepatitis B virus; human immunodeficiency virus; immunization; vaccination ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LONG-TERM IMMUNOGENICITY; T-CELL RESPONSES; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; UNITED-STATES; EFFICACY; ANTIBODY; COHORT; TRIAL AB Objective: To assess the association of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination with risk of HBV infection among HIV-infected patients and HBV infection risk factors among vaccinees. Design: Observational cohort study. Methods: Participants enrolled from 1986 through 2004, unvaccinated and serologically negative for HBV infection at the time of HIV diagnosis, were followed longitudinally through 2007 for the occurrence of HBV infection. Risk factors for HBV infection were evaluated using time to event methods, including Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards models. Results: During 11 632 person-years of follow-up, the rate of HBV infection was 2.01 (95% CI 1.75-2.27)/100 person-years. Receipt of at least one dose of vaccine was not associated with reduced risk of HBV (unadjusted hazard ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.7-1.1; adjusted hazard ratio 1.08, 95% CI 0.8-1.4). Receipt of three or more doses of vaccine was also not associated with reduced risk (hazard ratio 0.96; 95% CI 0.56-1.64). Among 409 vaccinees with HBsAb less than 10 IU/l, 46 (11.2%) developed HBV infection compared with 11 of 217 (5.1%) vaccinees with HBsAb >= 10 IU/l (hazard ratio 0.51; 95% CI 0.3-1.0). In participants with initial HBsAb less than 10 IU/l, 16 of 46 (35%) infections were chronic, compared with none of 11 in those with initial HBsAb at least 10 IU/l (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Overall, HBV vaccination was not associated with reduced risk of HBV infection in our cohort of HIV-infected individuals. However, the small subset of vaccinees with a positive vaccine response may have had reduced HBV infection risk, including chronic disease. Improvements in vaccine delivery and immunogenicity are needed to increase HBV vaccine effectiveness in HIV-infected patients. (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Landrum, Michael L.; Marconi, Vincent C.; Dolan, Matthew J.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Landrum, Michael L.; Hullsiek, Katherine Huppler; Ganesan, Anuradha; Weintrob, Amy C.; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.; O'Connell, Robert J.; Fieberg, Ann; Marconi, Vincent C.; Agan, Brian K.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD USA. [Hullsiek, Katherine Huppler; Fieberg, Ann] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Ganesan, Anuradha] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Weintrob, Amy C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] Naval Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Barthel, R. Vincent] Naval Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. [O'Connell, Robert J.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Chun, Helen M.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Landrum, ML (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, MCHE MDI, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM mlandrum@idcrp.org RI Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014; OI Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 FU NIAID NIH HHS [HU0001-05-2-0011]; PHS HHS [HU0001-05-2-0011] NR 54 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD FEB 20 PY 2010 VL 24 IS 4 BP 545 EP 555 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832cd99e PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 563QK UT WOS:000275148000007 PM 19487908 ER PT J AU Gopalswamy, N Xie, H Makela, P Akiyama, S Yashiro, S Kaiser, ML Howard, RA Bougeret, JL AF Gopalswamy, N. Xie, H. Makela, P. Akiyama, S. Yashiro, S. Kaiser, M. L. Howard, R. A. Bougeret, J. -L. TI INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS LACKING TYPE II RADIO BURSTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE shock waves; solar wind; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares; Sun: particle emission; Sun: radio radiation ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; SPACE WEATHER; PLASMA BETA; LARGE-ANGLE; NEAR-SUN; 1 AU; WAVES AB We report on the radio-emission characteristics of 222 interplanetary (IP) shocks detected by spacecraft at Sun-Earth L1 during solar cycle 23 (1996 to 2006, inclusive). A surprisingly large fraction of the IP shocks (similar to 34%) was radio quiet (RQ; i.e., the shocks lacked type II radio bursts). We examined the properties of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and soft X-ray flares associated with such RQ shocks and compared them with those of the radio-loud (RL) shocks. The CMEs associated with the RQ shocks were generally slow (average speed similar to 535 km s(-1)) and only similar to 40% of the CMEs were halos. The corresponding numbers for CMEs associated with RL shocks were 1237 km s(-1) and 72%, respectively. Thus, the CME kinetic energy seems to be the deciding factor in the radio-emission properties of shocks. The lower kinetic energy of CMEs associated with RQ shocks is also suggested by the lower peak soft X-ray flux of the associated flares (C3.4 versus M4.7 for RL shocks). CMEs associated with RQ CMEs were generally accelerating within the coronagraph field of view (average acceleration similar to+6.8 m s(-2)), while those associated with RL shocks were decelerating (average acceleration similar to-3.5 m s(-2)). This suggests that many of the RQ shocks formed at large distances from the Sun, typically beyond 10 Rs, consistent with the absence of metric and decameter-hectometric (DH) type II radio bursts. A small fraction of RL shocks had type II radio emission solely in the kilometric (km) wavelength domain. Interestingly, the kinematics of the CMEs associated with the km type II bursts is similar to those of RQ shocks, except that the former are slightly more energetic. Comparison of the shock Mach numbers at 1 AU shows that the RQ shocks are mostly subcritical, suggesting that they were not efficient in accelerating electrons. The Mach number values also indicate that most of these are quasi-perpendicular shocks. The radio-quietness is predominant in the rise phase and decreases through the maximum and declining phases of solar cycle 23. About 18% of the IP shocks do not have discernible ejecta behind them. These shocks are due to CMEs moving at large angles from the Sun-Earth line and hence are not blast waves. The solar sources of the shock-driving CMEs follow the sunspot butterfly diagram, consistent with the higher-energy requirement for driving shocks. C1 [Gopalswamy, N.; Kaiser, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Xie, H.; Makela, P.; Akiyama, S.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Yashiro, S.] Interferometrics, Herndon, VA 20170 USA. [Howard, R. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bougeret, J. -L.] Observ Paris, Meudon, France. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM nat.gopalswamy@nasa.gov RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012; OI Gopalswamy, Nat/0000-0001-5894-9954 FU NASA's LWS TRT and SRT FX We thank J. C. Kasper and A. Vinas for their help in obtaining shock Mach numbers. This work was supported by NASA's LWS TR&T and SR&T programs. We thank the anonymous referee for critical comments that helped improve the presentation of the paper. NR 71 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2010 VL 710 IS 2 BP 1111 EP 1126 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/710/2/1111 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 551TN UT WOS:000274233300017 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Atwood, WB Axelsson, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Cutini, S Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Harding, AK Hartman, RC Hayashida, M Hays, E Healey, SE Horan, D Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McConville, W McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Persic, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ritz, S Rochester, LS Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Villata, M Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Atwood, W. B. Axelsson, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Harding, A. K. Hartman, R. C. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Healey, S. E. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McConville, W. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ritz, S. Rochester, L. S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Villata, M. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF BRIGHT FERMI-DETECTED BLAZARS IN THE GAMMA-RAY BAND SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects: general; galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; gamma rays: general ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; SOURCE LIST; EGRET DATA; SYNCHROTRON; EMISSION; ACCELERATION; RADIATION; CATALOG; MODEL AB The gamma-ray energy spectra of bright blazars of the LAT Bright AGN Sample LBAS) are investigated using Fermi-LAT data. Spectral properties hardness, curvature, and variability) established using a data set accumulated over 6 months of operation are presented and discussed for different blazar classes and subclasses: flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), low-synchrotron peaked BLLacs (LSP-BLLacs), intermediate-synchrotron peaked BLLacs (ISP-BLLacs), and high-synchrotron peaked BLLacs (HSP-BLLacs). The distribution of photon index G, obtained from a power-law fit above 100 MeV) is found to correlate strongly with blazar subclass. The change in spectral index from that averaged over the 6 months observing period is < 0.2-0.3 when the flux varies by about an order of magnitude, with a tendency toward harder spectra when the flux is brighter for FSRQs and LSP-BLLacs. A strong departure from a single power-law spectrum appears to be a common feature for FSRQs. This feature is also present for some high-luminosity LSP-BLLacs, and a small number of ISP-BLLacs. It is absent in all LBAS HSP-BLLacs. For 3C 454.3 and AO 0235+164, the two brightest FSRQ source and LSP-BLLac source, respectively, a broken power law (BPL) gives the most acceptable of power law, BPL, and curved forms. The consequences of these findings are discussed. C1 [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Healey, S. E.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Healey, S. E.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Axelsson, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Jackson, M. S.; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA IRFU, Lab AIM,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Persic, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Carrigan, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Policlin Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Giebels, B.; Horan, D.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] IEEC CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Giommi, P.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Celik, Oe; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hartman, R. C.; Hays, E.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticule, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Meurer, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Frailis, M.; Persic, M.] Osserv Astron Trieste, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gehrels, N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gehrels, N.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gehrels, N.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guillemot, L.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astro Particle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jackson, M. S.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] AlbaNova, Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Takahashi, T.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Villata, M.] Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Lott, B (reprint author), CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. EM lott@cenbg.in2p3.fr RI Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; OI Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Villata, Massimo/0000-0003-1743-6946; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Axelsson, Magnus/0000-0003-4378-8785; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726 FU Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation FX Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow, funded by a grant from the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation. NR 35 TC 113 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2010 VL 710 IS 2 BP 1271 EP 1285 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1271 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 551TN UT WOS:000274233300027 ER PT J AU Baines, EK Dollinger, MP Cusano, F Guenther, EW Hatzes, AP McAlister, HA ten Brummelaar, TA Turner, NH Sturmann, J Sturmann, L Goldfinger, PJ Farrington, CD Ridgway, ST AF Baines, Ellyn K. Doellinger, Michaela P. Cusano, Felice Guenther, Eike W. Hatzes, Artie P. McAlister, Harold A. ten Brummelaar, Theo A. Turner, Nils H. Sturmann, Judit Sturmann, Laszlo Goldfinger, P. J. Farrington, Christopher D. Ridgway, Stephen T. TI ANGULAR DIAMETERS AND EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES OF 25 K GIANT STARS FROM THE CHARA ARRAY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared: stars; planetary systems; stars: fundamental parameters; techniques: interferometric; techniques: spectroscopic ID SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS; INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS; OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER; PLANETARY COMPANIONS; DISCOVERY; SUPERGIANTS; CALIBRATION; EXTINCTION; PARAMETERS; RADII AB Using Georgia State University's Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy Array interferometer, we measured angular diameters for 25 giant stars, six of which host exoplanets. The combination of these measurements and Hipparcos parallaxes produces physical linear radii for the sample. Except for two outliers, our values match angular diameters and physical radii estimated using photometric methods to within the associated errors with the advantage that our uncertainties are significantly lower. We also calculated the effective temperatures for the stars using the newly measured diameters. Our values do not match those derived from spectroscopic observations as well, perhaps due to the inherent properties of the methods used or because of a missing source of extinction in the stellar models that would affect the spectroscopic temperatures. C1 [Baines, Ellyn K.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Doellinger, Michaela P.] ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Cusano, Felice; Guenther, Eike W.; Hatzes, Artie P.] Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. [Baines, Ellyn K.; McAlister, Harold A.; ten Brummelaar, Theo A.; Turner, Nils H.; Sturmann, Judit; Sturmann, Laszlo; Goldfinger, P. J.; Farrington, Christopher D.] Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Ridgway, Stephen T.] Kitt Peak Natl Observ, Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. RP Baines, EK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ellyn.baines.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; mdoellin@eso.org; cusano@tls-tautenburg.de; guenther@tls-tautenburg.de; artie@tls-tautenburg.de; hal@chara.gsu.edu; theo@chara-array.org; nils@chara-array.org; judit@chara-array.org; sturmann@chara-array.org; pj@chara-array.org; farrington@chara-array.org; ridgway@noao.edu OI Cusano, Felice/0000-0003-2910-6565 FU NSF [0606958]; Georgia State University; NASA [NNH09AK731]; University of Massachusetts; Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation FX Many thanks to Douglas Gies for his help and advice. The CHARA Array is funded by the National Science Foundation through NSF grant AST-0606958 and by Georgia State University through the College of Arts and Sciences, and S. T. R. acknowledges partial support by NASA grant NNH09AK731. We are also grateful to the user support group of the Alfred-Jensch telescope. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. This publication makes use of data products from the 2MASS, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. NR 47 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2010 VL 710 IS 2 BP 1365 EP 1374 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1365 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 551TN UT WOS:000274233300034 ER PT J AU Doschek, GA Landi, E Warren, HP Harra, LK AF Doschek, G. A. Landi, E. Warren, H. P. Harra, L. K. TI BRIGHT POINTS AND JETS IN POLAR CORONAL HOLES OBSERVED BY THE EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING SPECTROMETER ON HINODE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: atmosphere; Sun: corona; Sun: UV radiation ID X-RAY JETS; OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS; DENSITY DIAGNOSTICS; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; FILLING FACTOR; SOLAR REGIONS; FE XIII; SI-VIII; TEMPERATURE AB We present observations of polar coronal hole bright points (BPs) made with the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on the Hinode spacecraft. The data consist of raster images of BPs in multiple spectral lines from mostly coronal ions, e. g., Fe x-Fe xv. The BPs are observed for short intervals and thus the data are snapshots of the BPs obtained during their evolution. The images reveal a complex unresolved temperature structure (EIS resolution is about 2 ''), with the highest temperature being about 2 x 10(6) K. Some BPs appear as small loops with temperatures that are highest near the top. But others are more point-like with surrounding structures. However, the thermal time evolution of the BPs is an important factor in their appearance. A BP may appear quite different at different times. We discuss one BP with an associated jet that is bright enough to allow statistically meaningful measurements. The jet Doppler speed along the line of sight is about 15-20 km s(-1). Electron densities of the BPs and the jet are typically near 109 cm(-3), which implies path lengths along the line of sight on the order of a few arcsec. We also construct differential emission measure curves for two of the best observed BPs. High spatial resolution (significantly better than 1 '') is required to fully resolve the BP structures. C1 [Doschek, G. A.; Landi, E.; Warren, H. P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Harra, L. K.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. RP Doschek, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM george.doschek@nrl.navy.mil RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011; OI Harra, Louise/0000-0001-9457-6200 FU JAXA; NAOJ; STFC; NASA [NNH06CD24C, NNG04ED07P, NNH09AL49I]; ESA; NSC FX Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, collaborating with NAOJ as domestic partner, and NASA (USA) and STFC (UK) as international partners. Scientific operation of the Hinode mission is conducted by the Hinode science team organized at ISAS/JAXA. This team mainly consists of scientists from institutes in the partner countries. Support for the post-launch operation is provided by JAXA and NAOJ, STFC, NASA, ESA (European Space Agency), and NSC (Norway). We are grateful to the Hinode team for all their efforts in the design, build, and operation of the mission. The authors acknowledge support from the NASA Hinode program and from ONR/NRL 6.1 basic research funds. The work of E. L. is supported by the NNH06CD24C, NNG04ED07P, NNH09AL49I, and other NASA grants. NR 38 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2010 VL 710 IS 2 BP 1806 EP 1824 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1806 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 551TN UT WOS:000274233300072 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Axelsson, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Baughman, BM Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bock, DCJ Bogart, JR Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Celik, O Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Collmar, W Cominsky, LR Conrad, J Corbel, S Corbet, R Costamante, L Cutini, S Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fuhrmann, L Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hays, E Horan, D Hughes, RE Iafrate, G Itoh, R Jackson, MS Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Kadler, M Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kocian, ML Kuss, M Lande, J Larsson, S Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Macquart, J Madejski, GM Makeev, A Max-Moerbeck, W Mazziotta, MN McConville, W McEnery, JE McGlynn, S Meurer, C Michelson, F Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nestoras, I Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Okumura, A Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pavlidou, V Pearson, TJ Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Readhead, A Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Reyes, LC Richards, JL Rochester, LS Rodriguez, AY Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sgro, C Shaw, MS Shrader, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stawarz, L Stevenson, M Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Taylor, GB Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Wehrle, AE Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Zensus, JA Ziegler, M Uemura, M Ikejiri, Y Kawabata, KS Kino, M Sakimoto, K Sasada, M Sato, S Yamanaka, M Villata, M Raiteri, CM Agudo, I Aller, HD Aller, MF Angelakis, E Arkharov, AA Bach, U Benitez, E Berdyugin, A Blinov, DA Boettcher, M Buemi, CS Chen, WP Dolci, M Dultzin, D Efimova, NV Gurwell, MA Gusbar, C Gomez, JL Heidt, J Hiriart, D Hovatta, T Jorstad, SG Konstantinova, TS Kopatskaya, EN Koptelova, E Kurtanidze, OM Lahteenmaki, A Larionov, VM Larionova, EG Leto, P Lin, HC Lindfors, E Marscher, AP McHardy, IM Melnichuk, DA Mommert, M Nilsson, K Di Paola, A Reinthal, R Richter, GM Roca-Sogorb, M Roustazadeh, P Sigua, LA Takalo, LO Tornikoski, M Trigilio, C Troitsky, IS Umana, G Villforth, C Grainge, K Moderski, R Nalewajko, K Sikora, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Axelsson, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Baughman, B. M. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bock, D. C. -J. Bogart, J. R. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Collmar, W. Cominsky, L. R. Conrad, J. Corbel, S. Corbet, R. Costamante, L. Cutini, S. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fuhrmann, L. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Iafrate, G. Itoh, R. Jackson, M. S. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Kadler, M. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocian, M. L. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Macquart, J. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Max-Moerbeck, W. Mazziotta, M. N. McConville, W. McEnery, J. E. McGlynn, S. Meurer, C. Michelson, F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nestoras, I. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Okumura, A. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pavlidou, V. Pearson, T. J. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Readhead, A. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Reyes, L. C. Richards, J. L. Rochester, L. S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Shaw, M. S. Shrader, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stawarz, L. Stevenson, M. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Taylor, G. B. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Wehrle, A. E. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Zensus, J. A. Ziegler, M. Uemura, M. Ikejiri, Y. Kawabata, K. S. Kino, M. Sakimoto, K. Sasada, M. Sato, S. Yamanaka, M. Villata, M. Raiteri, C. M. Agudo, I. Aller, H. D. Aller, M. F. Angelakis, E. Arkharov, A. A. Bach, U. Benitez, E. Berdyugin, A. Blinov, D. A. Boettcher, M. Buemi, C. S. Chen, W. P. Dolci, M. Dultzin, D. Efimova, N. V. Gurwell, M. A. Gusbar, C. Gomez, J. L. Heidt, J. Hiriart, D. Hovatta, T. Jorstad, S. G. Konstantinova, T. S. Kopatskaya, E. N. Koptelova, E. Kurtanidze, O. M. Lahteenmaki, A. Larionov, V. M. Larionova, E. G. Leto, P. Lin, H. C. Lindfors, E. Marscher, A. P. McHardy, I. M. Melnichuk, D. A. Mommert, M. Nilsson, K. Di Paola, A. Reinthal, R. Richter, G. M. Roca-Sogorb, M. Roustazadeh, P. Sigua, L. A. Takalo, L. O. Tornikoski, M. Trigilio, C. Troitsky, I. S. Umana, G. Villforth, C. Grainge, K. Moderski, R. Nalewajko, K. Sikora, M. CA Fermi LAT Collaboration 3C 279 Multiband Campaign TI A change in the optical polarization associated with a gamma-ray flare in the blazar 3C 279 SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS; RELATIVISTIC JET; RADIO-SOURCES; VARIABILITY; EMISSION; TELESCOPE; RADIATION; QUASAR; ULTRAVIOLET; 3C-279 AB It is widely accepted that strong and variable radiation detected over all accessible energy bands in a number of active galaxies arises from a relativistic, Doppler-boosted jet pointing close to our line of sight(1). The size of the emitting zone and the location of this region relative to the central supermassive black hole are, however, poorly known, with estimates ranging from light-hours to a light-year or more. Here we report the coincidence of a gamma (gamma)-ray flare with a dramatic change of optical polarization angle. This provides evidence for co-spatiality of optical and gamma-ray emission regions and indicates a highly ordered jet magnetic field. The results also require a non-axisymmetric structure of the emission zone, implying a curved trajectory for the emitting material within the jet, with the dissipation region located at a considerable distance from the black hole, at about 10(5) gravitational radii. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Bogart, J. R.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Costamante, L.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Shaw, M. S.; Stawarz, L.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Bogart, J. R.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Costamante, L.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Shaw, M. S.; Stawarz, L.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Axelsson, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Larsson, S.; McGlynn, S.; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. 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[Heidt, J.; Mommert, M.] Heidelberg Univ, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Hiriart, D.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Hovatta, T.; Lahteenmaki, A.; Tornikoski, M.] Aalto Univ, Metsahovi Radio Observ, FIN-02540 Kylmala, Finland. [Jorstad, S. G.; Marscher, A. P.] Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Kurtanidze, O. M.; Sigua, L. A.] Abastumani Observ, GE-0301 Mt Kanobili, Abastumani, Rep of Georgia. [McHardy, I. M.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 BJ, Hants, England. [Di Paola, A.] Osserv Astron Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. [Richter, G. M.] Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. [Grainge, K.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Moderski, R.; Nalewajko, K.; Sikora, M.] Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. RP Hayashida, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM hayasida@stanford.edu; madejski@slac.stanford.edu RI Larionova, Elena/H-7287-2013; Efimova, Natalia/I-2196-2013; Saz Parkinson, Pablo Miguel/I-7980-2013; Blinov, Dmitry/G-9925-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Lahteenmaki, Anne/L-5987-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Kurtanidze, Omar/J-6237-2014; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Pavlidou, Vasiliki/C-2944-2011; Agudo, Ivan/G-1701-2015; Larionov, Valeri/H-1349-2013; Kopatskaya, Evgenia/H-4720-2013; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Macquart, Jean-Pierre/B-5306-2013; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Pearson, Timothy/N-2376-2015; Morozova, Daria/H-1298-2013; Troitskiy, Ivan/K-7979-2013; Jorstad, Svetlana/H-6913-2013; Grishina, Tatiana/H-6873-2013; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; OI Larionova, Elena/0000-0002-2471-6500; Efimova, Natalia/0000-0002-8071-4753; Blinov, Dmitry/0000-0003-0611-5784; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Pavlidou, Vasiliki/0000-0002-0870-1368; Agudo, Ivan/0000-0002-3777-6182; Larionov, Valeri/0000-0002-4640-4356; Kopatskaya, Evgenia/0000-0001-9518-337X; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Villata, Massimo/0000-0003-1743-6946; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Leto, Paolo/0000-0003-4864-2806; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Buemi, Carla Simona/0000-0002-7288-4613; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; Di Paola, Andrea/0000-0002-2189-8644; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Iafrate, Giulia/0000-0002-6185-8292; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Pearson, Timothy/0000-0001-5213-6231; Morozova, Daria/0000-0002-9407-7804; Troitskiy, Ivan/0000-0002-4218-0148; Jorstad, Svetlana/0000-0001-9522-5453; Grishina, Tatiana/0000-0002-3953-6676; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Dolci, Mauro/0000-0001-8000-5642 FU Georgian National Science Foundation; Spanish "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion''; NSF; NASA; Smithsonian Institution in the United States; UK Science and Technology Facilities Council; Academia Sinica in Taiwan; Russian RFBR; Academy of Finland; JSPS; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation FX The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges support from a number of agencies and institutes for both development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include NASA and DOE in the United States, CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS in France, ASI and INFN in Italy, MEXT, KEK and JAXA in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support from INAF in Italy for science analysis during the operations phase is also gratefully acknowledged. The GASP-WEBT observatories participating in this work are Abastumani, Calar Alto, Campo Imperatore, Crimean, Kitt Peak (MDM), L'Ampolla, Lowell (Perkins-PRISM), Lulin, Roque de los Muchachos (KVA and Liverpool), San Pedro Martir, St Petersburg for the optical-NIR bands, and Mauna Kea (SMA), Medicina, Metsahovi, Noto and UMRAO for the millimetre radio band, and are supported in part by the Georgian National Science Foundation, the Spanish "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion'', the NSF and NASA and the Smithsonian Institution in the United States, the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council, the Academia Sinica in Taiwan, the Russian RFBR and the Academy of Finland. M. H. is supported by the JSPS for the Postdoctoral Fellowship for Research Abroad. J. Conrad is a Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow, funded by a grant from the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation. L. T. is partially supported by the International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP) programme. NR 25 TC 164 Z9 165 U1 1 U2 22 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 18 PY 2010 VL 463 IS 7283 BP 919 EP 923 DI 10.1038/nature08841 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 556HZ UT WOS:000274582700039 ER PT J AU Nasir, M Ateya, DA Burk, D Golden, JP Ligler, FS AF Nasir, Mansoor Ateya, Daniel A. Burk, Diana Golden, Joel P. Ligler, Frances S. TI Hydrodynamic focusing of conducting fluids for conductivity-based biosensors SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Conductivity; Flow-focusing; Biosensor; Reynolds number; Magnetic beads; Hydrodynamic focusing ID MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES; MICROCHANNELS; DELIVERY; FLOW; SEPARATION; IMPEDANCE; SURFACES; SENSOR; CHIP AB Hydrodynamic focusing of a conducting fluid by a non-conducting fluid to form a constricted current path between two sensing electrodes is implemented in order to enhance the sensitivity of a 4-electrode conductance-based biosensor. The sensor has a simple two-inlet T-junction design and performs four-point conductivity measurements to detect particles immobilized between the sensing electrode pair. Computational simulations conducted in conjunction with experimental flow studies using confocal microscopy show that a flat profile for the focused layer is dependent on the Reynolds number for the chosen flow parameters. The results also indicate that a flat focused layer is desirable for both increased sensitivity as well as surface-binding efficiency. Proof of concept for conductance measurements in a hydrodynamically focused conducting fluid was demonstrated with entrapped magnetic beads. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nasir, Mansoor; Ateya, Daniel A.; Burk, Diana; Golden, Joel P.; Ligler, Frances S.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM frances.ligler@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [AA07CBT015] FX This project is funded by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA #AA07CBT015). The authors would like to thank Dr. David Mott at NRL for his discussions on fluid dynamics. Daniel Ateya and Mansoor Nasir are National Research Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Fellows. Diana Burk was an undergraduate summer intern with the Navy Research Enterprise Internship Program (NREIP). The views are those of the authors and do not represent the opinion or policy of the US Navy or Department of Defense. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD FEB 15 PY 2010 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1363 EP 1369 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2009.10.033 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 559YO UT WOS:000274868800018 PM 19932019 ER PT J AU Guenthner, AJ Hess, DM Cash, JJ AF Guenthner, Andrew J. Hess, David M. Cash, Jessica J. TI Dimensional Stability of Sparse Network Microstructures Formed by Photopolymerization-Induced Phase Separation SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE microstructure; morphology; phase separation; thiol-ene ID DISPERSED LIQUID-CRYSTAL; LATEX FILM FORMATION; IMMISCIBLE POLYMER BLENDS; LOW-REYNOLDS-NUMBER; MORPHOLOGY DEVELOPMENT; POLYSULFONE MEMBRANES; INTERFACIAL-TENSION; TERNARY-SYSTEM; WATER; SCAFFOLDS AB The morphology of sparse filament networks formed during photo polymerization-induced phase separation of mixtures of NOA81 (a UV-curable thiol-ene adhesive) in mixed cosolvents consisting of water, diglyme, and polyethers of varying molecular weight was investigated as a function of the molecular weight and relative amount of the polyethers used. During photo polymerization (50 mW/cm(-2) of 365 nm radiation for 60 s) of solutions containing 5 wt % NOA81 and a total oligo-ether or polyether to water ratio of 8:1 by weight, viscoelastic phase separation produced a sparse network of interconnected NOA81 filaments. During the subsequent evaporation and/or solidification of the solvents, the network compacted significantly via a collapse process that was curtailed by increasing both the weight fraction and molecular weight of the nonvolatile polyether. The influence of mass and momentum transport processes on the collapse of the phase-separated network and the resultant final morphology was determined with the aid of dimensional analysis, leading to the identification of sedimentation and compaction driven by the motion of the interface as key factors. The networks exhibiting the least collapse combine a high level of interconnectivity and specific surface area with a low occupied volume fraction while being fabricated via a simple, template-free process. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 396-410, 2010 C1 [Guenthner, Andrew J.; Hess, David M.; Cash, Jessica J.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Guenthner, AJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM andrew.guenthner@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; American Society of Engineering Education FX The support of the Office of Naval Research is gratefully acknowledged. D. M. Hess thanks the American Society of Engineering Education for support through the Navy Research Laboratory Post-Doctoral Fellowship Program. The efforts of Danielle Ramos and Dan Connor in producing the SEM images and corresponding element maps are also greatly appreciated. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 2010 VL 48 IS 4 BP 396 EP 410 DI 10.1002/polb.21868 PG 15 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 558NR UT WOS:000274751200002 ER PT J AU Goswami, R Spanos, G Pao, PS Holtz, RL AF Goswami, R. Spanos, G. Pao, P. S. Holtz, R. L. TI Precipitation behavior of the beta phase in Al-5083 SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Al-5083; Microstructure; TEM; SCC; Grain boundary ID SENSITIZED AA5083 AL-4.5MG-1.0MN; STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; AL-MG ALLOY AB The formation and growth of the magnesium-rich beta phase, Al(3)Mg(2), in Al-5083 has been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The beta phase forms heterogeneously both at grain boundaries, and on preexisting particles which are enriched in manganese. The beta precipitates at grain boundaries, containing a high density of very fine faults, thicken faster than the rate estimated assuming volume diffusion controlled growth of planar interfaces. It is suggested that pipe diffusion through dislocations contributes to the enhanced growth rate. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Goswami, R.; Spanos, G.; Pao, P. S.; Holtz, R. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Goswami, R.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Goswami, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM goswami@anvil.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Office of Naval Research (ONR) for funding this research, and F.S. Bovard of ALCOA, for providing the material used in this study. NR 21 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD FEB 15 PY 2010 VL 527 IS 4-5 BP 1089 EP 1095 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2009.10.007 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 548RM UT WOS:000273983900033 ER PT J AU Krowne, CM AF Krowne, C. M. TI Nanowire and nanocable junction capacitances: Results for metal and semiconducting oxides SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; THIN-FILMS; GRAPHENE; DEVICES; RUO2; DIOXIDE; SILICON; PHYSICS; SIO2 AB Formulas are derived for Schottky junction and p-n junction capacitances of nanowires and nanocables (which includes the hollow case of nanotubes). Evaluation of these expressions for the very unusual metal oxide, metallic conductor RuO2, demonstrates that capacitance values occur in the aF range. Furthermore, for recently fabricated conductor RuO2/SiO2 nanocables as reported in the literature, we show that the junction capacitances are significantly lower than the intrinsic quantum capacitance. These formulas are of great interest for device applications, and the capacitance findings could also have huge implications for charge storage and energy conversion applications. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cliff.krowne@nrl.navy.mil NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 EI 1873-2429 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD FEB 15 PY 2010 VL 374 IS 9 BP 1172 EP 1179 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2009.12.056 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 596XK UT WOS:000277718800015 ER PT J AU Sirevaag, A McPhee, MG Morison, JH Shaw, WJ Stanton, TP AF Sirevaag, Anders McPhee, Miles G. Morison, James H. Shaw, William J. Stanton, Timothy P. TI Wintertime mixed layer measurements at Maud Rise, Weddell Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OCEAN DEEP CONVECTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; HEAT-FLUX; PACK ICE; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TURBULENT STRESS; TEMPERATURE; DISSIPATION; DRIFT AB Sea ice plays a crucial role in the exchange of heat between the ocean and the atmosphere, and areas of intense air-sea-ice interaction are important sites for water mass modification. The Weddell Sea is one of these sites where a relatively thin first-year ice cover is constantly being changed by mixing of heat from below and stress exerted from the rapidly changing and intense winds. This study presents mixed layer turbulence measurements obtained during two wintertime drift stations in August 2005 in the eastern Weddell Sea, close to the Maud Rise seamount. Turbulence in the boundary layer is found to be controlled by the drifting ice. Directly measured heat fluxes compare well with previous studies and are well estimated from the mixed layer temperatures and mixing. Heat fluxes are also found to roughly balance the conductive heat flux in the ice; hence, little freezing/melting was observed. The under-ice topography is estimated to be hydraulically very smooth; comparison with a steady 1-D model shows that these estimates are made too close to the ice-ocean interface to be representative for the entire ice floe. The main source and sink of turbulent kinetic energy are shear production and dissipation. Observations indicate that the dynamics of the under-ice boundary layer are influenced by a horizontal variability in mixed layer density and an increasing amount of open leads in the area. C1 [Sirevaag, Anders] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Sirevaag, Anders] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [McPhee, Miles G.] McPhee Res Co, Naches, WA 98937 USA. [Morison, James H.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Shaw, William J.; Stanton, Timothy P.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sirevaag, A (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Allegt 70, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. EM anders.sirevaag@bjerknes.uib.no RI Sirevaag, Anders/E-5144-2012 FU National Science Foundation [OPP-0337159, OPP-0739371]; NSF [OPP-0338020]; [OPP-0337751] FX The authors would like to thank the captain and crew of RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer and the logistic crew from Raytheon Polar Services for excellent support during the MaudNESS field campaign. Two anonymous reviewers also contributed significantly in improving the manuscript. The work of M. G. McPhee was supported by the National Science Foundation through grants OPP-0337159 and OPP-0739371, and the work of J. H. Morison was supported by grant OPP-0337751. The Naval Postgraduate School is acknowledged for the support for MaudNESS through NSF grant OPP-0338020. This is publication A247 from the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 12 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C02009 DI 10.1029/2008JC005141 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 554VU UT WOS:000274464300001 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Baughman, BM Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Cominsky, LR Conrad, J Dermer, CD de Palma, F Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gehrels, N Germani, S Giavitto, G Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Harding, AK Hayashida, M Horan, D Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Okumura, A Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Rodriguez, AY Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Starck, JL Strickman, MS Strong, AW Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Baughman, B. M. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Cominsky, L. R. Conrad, J. Dermer, C. D. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giavitto, G. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Okumura, A. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Rodriguez, A. Y. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Starck, J. -L. Strickman, M. S. Strong, A. W. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI FERMI OBSERVATIONS OF CASSIOPEIA AND CEPHEUS: DIFFUSE GAMMA-RAY EMISSION IN THE OUTER GALAXY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; gamma rays: diffuse background; ISM: clouds ID GIANT MOLECULAR CLOUDS; MILKY-WAY; INFRARED-EMISSION; BESS SPECTROMETER; HELIUM SPECTRA; AREA TELESCOPE; COSMIC-RAYS; CO SURVEY; NGC 7538; IC 443 AB We present the analysis of the interstellar gamma-ray emission measured by the Fermi Large Area Telescope toward a region in the second Galactic quadrant at 100 degrees <= l <= 145 degrees and -15 degrees <= b <= +30 degrees. This region encompasses the prominent Gould Belt clouds of Cassiopeia, Cepheus, and the Polaris flare, as well as atomic and molecular complexes at larger distances, like that associated with NGC 7538 in the Perseus arm. The good kinematic separation in velocity between the local, Perseus, and outer arms, and the presence of massive complexes in each of them, make this region well suited to probe cosmic rays (CRs) and the interstellar medium beyond the solar circle. The gamma-ray emissivity spectrum of the gas in the Gould Belt is consistent with expectations based on the locally measured CR spectra. The gamma-ray emissivity decreases from the Gould Belt to the Perseus arm, but the measured gradient is flatter than expectations for CR sources peaking in the inner Galaxy as suggested by pulsars. The X-CO = N(H-2)/W-CO conversion factor is found to increase from (0.87 +/- 0.05) x 10(20) cm(-2) (K km s(-1))(-1) in the Gould Belt to (1.9 +/- 0.2) x 10(20) cm(-2) (K km s(-1))(-1) in the Perseus arm. We derive masses for the molecular clouds under study. Dark gas, not properly traced by radio and microwave surveys, is detected in the Gould Belt through a correlated excess of dust and gamma-ray emission: its mass amounts to similar to 50% of the CO-traced mass. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Starck, J. -L.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA Saclay, Lab AIM,CEA,IRFU,Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Giavitto, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Giavitto, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Baughman, B. M.; Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ & Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Giebels, B.; Horan, D.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; McEnery, J. E.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Cominsky, L. R.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Conrad, J.; Meurer, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Reposeur, T.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Reposeur, T.] Univ Bordeaux, CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Coll Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gehrels, N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gehrels, N.; McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gehrels, N.; McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Guillemot, L.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Jackson, M. S.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Okumura, A.] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Orlando, E.; Strong, A. W.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Porter, T. A.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Porter, T. A.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM isabelle.grenier@cea.fr; luigi.tibaldo@pd.infn.it RI Starck, Jean-Luc/D-9467-2011; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; OI Starck, Jean-Luc/0000-0003-2177-7794; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K.A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden.; Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France.; We thank T. H. Dame for providing moment-masked CO data including from some observations not yet published. NR 62 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2010 VL 710 IS 1 BP 133 EP 149 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/710/1/133 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 546YH UT WOS:000273850800015 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Atwood, WB Axelsson, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Baughman, BM Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Bloom, ED Bogaert, G Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Celik, O Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Cutini, S Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Frailis, M Fuhrmann, L Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hays, E Hughes, RE Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, RP Johnson, WN Kadler, M Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kocian, ML Kuehn, F Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Marelli, M Massaro, E Max-Moerbeck, W Mazziotta, MN McConville, W McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pavlidou, V Pearson, TJ Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Razzaque, S Readhead, A Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Richards, JL Ritz, S Rochester, LS Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sgro, C Shaw, MS Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stevenson, M Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Tibolla, O Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Ubertini, P Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Yasuda, H Ylinen, T Zensus, JA Ziegler, M Angelakis, E Hovatta, T Hoversten, E Ikejiri, Y Kawabata, KS Kovalev, YY Kovalev, YA Krichbaum, TP Lister, ML Lahteenmaki, A Marchili, N Ogle, P Pagani, C Pushkarev, AB Sakimoto, K Sasada, M Tornikoski, M Uemura, M Yamanaka, M Yamashita, T AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Atwood, W. B. Axelsson, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Baughman, B. M. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Bloom, E. D. Bogaert, G. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Frailis, M. Fuhrmann, L. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Hughes, R. E. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, W. N. Kadler, M. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocian, M. L. Kuehn, F. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Marelli, M. Massaro, E. Max-Moerbeck, W. Mazziotta, M. N. McConville, W. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pavlidou, V. Pearson, T. J. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Readhead, A. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Richards, J. L. Ritz, S. Rochester, L. S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Shaw, M. S. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stevenson, M. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Tibolla, O. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Ubertini, P. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Yasuda, H. Ylinen, T. Zensus, J. A. Ziegler, M. Angelakis, E. Hovatta, T. Hoversten, E. Ikejiri, Y. Kawabata, K. S. Kovalev, Y. Y. Kovalev, Yu. A. Krichbaum, T. P. Lister, M. L. Lahteenmaki, A. Marchili, N. Ogle, P. Pagani, C. Pushkarev, A. B. Sakimoto, K. Sasada, M. Tornikoski, M. Uemura, M. Yamanaka, M. Yamashita, T. CA Fermi Lat Collaboration TI PKS 1502+106: A NEW AND DISTANT GAMMA-RAY BLAZAR IN OUTBURST DISCOVERED BY THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; gamma rays: general; quasars: general; quasars: individual (PKS 1502+106); X-rays: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND-RADIATION; RAPID NONTHERMAL FLARES; QUASI-STELLAR OBJECTS; SELF-COMPTON MODEL; ALL-SKY SURVEY; X-RAY; SPACE-TELESCOPE AB The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope discovered a rapid (similar to 5 days duration), high-energy (E > 100 MeV) gamma-ray outburst from a source identified with the blazar PKS 1502+106 (OR 103, S3 1502+10, z = 1.839) starting on 2008 August 5 (similar to 23 UTC, MJD 54683.95), and followed by bright and variable flux over the next few months. Results on the gamma-ray localization and identification, as well as spectral and temporal behavior during the first months of the Fermi all-sky survey, are reported here in conjunction with a multiwaveband characterization as a result of one of the first Fermi multifrequency campaigns. The campaign included a Swift ToO (followed up by a 16 day observation on August 7-22, MJD 54685-54700), VLBA (within the MOJAVE program), Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO) 40 m, Effelsberg-100 m, Metsahovi-14 m, RATAN-600, and Kanata-Hiroshima radio/optical observations. Results from the analysis of archival observations by INTEGRAL, XMM-Newton, and Spitzer space telescopes are reported for a more complete picture of this new gamma-ray blazar. PKS 1502+106 is a sub-GeV peaked, powerful flat spectrum radio quasar (luminosity at E > 100 MeV, L-gamma, is about 1.1 x 10(49) erg s(-1), and black hole mass likely close to 10(9) M-circle dot), exhibiting marked gamma-ray bolometric dominance, in particular during the asymmetric outburst (L-gamma/L-opt similar to 100, and 5 day averaged flux F-E > 100MeV = 2.91 +/- 1.4 x 10(-6) ph cm(-2) s(-1)), which was characterized by a factor greater than 3 of flux increase in less than 12 hr. The outburst was observed simultaneously from optical to X-ray bands (F0.3-10keV = 2.18(-0.12)(+0.15) x 10(-12) erg cm(-2) s(-1), and hard photon index similar to 1.5, similar to past values) with a flux increase of less than 1 order of magnitude with respect to past observations, and was likely controlled by Comptonization of external-jet photons produced in the broad-line region (BLR) in the gamma-ray band. No evidence of a possible blue bump signature was observed in the optical-UV continuum spectrum, while some hints for a possible 4 day time lag with respect to the gamma-ray flare were found. Nonetheless, the properties of PKS 1502+106 and the strict optical/UV, X-, and gamma-ray cross-correlations suggest the contribution of the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC), in-jet, process should dominate from radio to X- rays. This mechanism may also be responsible for the consistent gamma-ray variability observed by the LAT on longer timescales, after the ignition of activity at these energies provided by the BLR-dissipated outburst. Modulations and subsequent minor, rapid flare events were detected, with a general fluctuation mode between pink-noise and a random-walk. The averaged gamma-ray spectrum showed a deviation from a simple power law, and can be described by a log-parabola curved model peaking around 0.4-0.5 GeV. The maximum energy of photons detected from the source in the first four months of LAT observations was 15.8 GeV, with no significant consequences on extragalactic background light predictions. A possible radio counterpart of the gamma-ray outburst can be assumed only if a delay of more than three months is considered on the basis of opacity effects at cm and longer wavelengths. The rotation of the electric vector position angle observed by VLBA from 2007 to 2008 could represent a slow field odering and alignment with respect to the jet axis, likely a precursor feature of the ejection of a superluminal radio knot and the high-energy outburst. This observing campaign provides more insight into the connection between MeV-GeV flares and the moving, polarized structures observed by the VLBI. C1 [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Razzaque, S.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.; Razzaque, S.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Axelsson, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Conrad, J.; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, Lab AIM,CEA,IRFU,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Baughman, B. M.; Hughes, R. E.; Kuehn, F.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bogaert, G.; Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Giebels, B.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.; Marelli, M.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Celik, Oe.; Ferrara, E. C.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Thompson, D. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Kadler, M.; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Meurer, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Fuhrmann, L.; Guillemot, L.; Zensus, J. A.; Angelakis, E.; Kovalev, Y. Y.; Krichbaum, T. P.; Marchili, N.; Pushkarev, A. B.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.; Yasuda, H.; Ikejiri, Y.; Sakimoto, K.; Sasada, M.; Yamanaka, M.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gehrels, N.; Hoversten, E.; Pagani, C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gehrels, N.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gehrels, N.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. 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[Hovatta, T.; Lahteenmaki, A.; Tornikoski, M.] Aalto Univ, Metsahovi Radio Observ, FIN-02540 Kylmala, Finland. [Kawabata, K. S.; Uemura, M.; Yamashita, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Kovalev, Y. Y.; Kovalev, Yu. A.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Ctr Astro Space, Moscow 117810, Russia. [Lister, M. L.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Pushkarev, A. B.] Crimean Astrophys Observ, UA-98409 Nauchnyi, Crimea, Ukraine. [Pushkarev, A. B.] Pulkovo Observ, St Petersburg 196140, Russia. RP Ciprini, S (reprint author), Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. EM stefano.ciprini@pg.infn.it RI Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Kovalev, Yuri/J-5671-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Pavlidou, Vasiliki/C-2944-2011; Kovalev, Yuri/N-1053-2015; Pearson, Timothy/N-2376-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Pushkarev, Alexander/M-9997-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Lahteenmaki, Anne/L-5987-2013; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; OI Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sasada, Mahito/0000-0001-5946-9960; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Axelsson, Magnus/0000-0003-4378-8785; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Angelakis, Emmanouil/0000-0001-7327-5441; Kadler, Matthias/0000-0001-5606-6154; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Kovalev, Yuri/0000-0001-9303-3263; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Pavlidou, Vasiliki/0000-0002-0870-1368; Pearson, Timothy/0000-0001-5213-6231; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Marelli, Martino/0000-0002-8017-0338 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K.A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France; ASI-INAF [I/047/8/0]; ESA Member States; NASA [NNX08AW31G, NNX08AV67G]; NSF [AST-0808050, 0807860AST]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [01-02-16812, 05-0217377, 08-02-00545]; Academy of Finland FX This research is based on observations obtained with the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. S.C. acknowledges funding by grant ASI-INAF n.I/047/8/0 related to Fermi on-orbit activities. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC NED database (JPL CalTech and NASA, USA), the HEASARC database (LHEA NASA/GSFC and SAO, USA), the Smithsonian/NASA's ADS bibliographic databases, and the SIMBAD database (CDS, Strasbourg, France). This work includes observations obtained with the NASA Swift gamma-ray burst Explorer. This work includes observations obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope (operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA). This work includes observations obtained with XMM-Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and NASA. This work has made use of observations obtained with the Owens Valley Radio Observatory. The monitoring program at the Owens Valley Radio Observatory is supported by NASA award No. NNX08AW31G, and NSF award No. AST-0808050. This research has made use of observations from the MOJAVE database that is maintained by the MOJAVE team. The MOJAVE project is supported under National Science Foundation grant 0807860AST and NASA-Fermi grant NNX08AV67G. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO VLBA) is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This research has made use of observations obtained with the 100 m telescope of the MPIfR (Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie) at Effelsberg, Germany. This research has made use of observations from the RATAN-600 that is partly supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (projects 01-02-16812, 05-0217377, and 08-02-00545). This work has made use of observations obtained with the 14 m Metsahovi Radio Observatory, a separate research institute of the Helsinki University of Technology. The Metsahovi team acknowledges the support from the Academy of Finland. This work has made use of observations obtained with the TRISPEC instrument on the Kanata telescope that is operated by Hiroshima University, Japan. Y.Y.K. is a Research Fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. The LAT team and multifrequency collaboration extend thanks to the anonymous referee who made very useful comments. NR 130 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2010 VL 710 IS 1 BP 810 EP 827 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/710/1/810 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 546YH UT WOS:000273850800063 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Allafort, A Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Baring, MG Bastieri, D Baughman, BM Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Burnett, TH Busetto, G Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chaty, S Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Cillis, AN Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Corbel, S de Palma, F Digel, SW Dormody, M Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Edmonds, Y Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giavitto, G Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hanabata, Y Hays, E Harding, AK Hayashida, M Horan, D Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Johnson, AS Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakamori, T Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Okumura, A Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Panetta, JH Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Pohl, M Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ritz, S Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Sadrozinski, HFW Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spinelli, P Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Thorsett, SE Tibaldo, L Tibolla, O Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Van Etten, A Vasileiou, V Venter, C Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Yamazaki, R Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Allafort, A. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Baring, M. G. Bastieri, D. Baughman, B. M. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Burnett, T. H. Busetto, G. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Charles, E. Chaty, S. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Cillis, A. N. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Corbel, S. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. Dormody, M. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Edmonds, Y. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giavitto, G. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hanabata, Y. Hays, E. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakamori, T. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Okumura, A. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Pohl, M. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ritz, S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spinelli, P. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Thorsett, S. E. Tibaldo, L. Tibolla, O. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Van Etten, A. Vasileiou, V. Venter, C. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Yamazaki, R. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI FERMI-LAT DISCOVERY OF GeV GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM THE YOUNG SUPERNOVA REMNANT CASSIOPEIA A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; ISM: individual objects (Cassiopeia A); radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; COSMIC-RAYS; SHOCK ACCELERATION; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; SYNCHROTRON EMISSION; AMPLIFICATION; TELESCOPE; CHANDRA; ENERGY; EJECTA AB We report on the first detection of GeV high-energy gamma-ray emission from a young supernova remnant (SNR) with the Large Area Telescope aboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. These observations reveal a source with no discernible spatial extension detected at a significance level of 12.2 sigma above 500 MeV a a location that is consistent with the position of the remnant of the supernova explosion that occurred around 1680 in the Cassiopeia constellation-Cassiopeia A (Cas A). The gamma-ray flux and spectral shape of the source are consistent with a scenario in which the gamma-ray emission originates from relativistic particles accelerated in the shell of this remnant. The total content of cosmic rays (electrons and protons) accelerated in Cas A can be estimated as W-CR similar or equal to (1-4) x 10(49) erg thanks to the well-known density in the remnant assuming that the observed gamma ray originates in the SNR shell(s). The magnetic field in the radio-emitting plasma can be robustly constrained as B >= 0.1 mG, providing new evidence of the magnetic field amplification at the forward shock and the strong field in the shocked ejecta. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Edmonds, Y.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Edmonds, Y.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Sgro, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Chaty, S.; Corbel, S.; Grenier, I. A.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA Saclay, Lab AIM,CEA IRFU,Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Giavitto, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Giavitto, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Bastieri, D.; Busetto, G.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Busetto, G.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Baughman, B. M.; Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ & Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe.; Cillis, A. N.; Ferrara, E. C.; Gehrels, N.; Hays, E.; Harding, A. K.; Johnson, T. J.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.; Venter, C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Meurer, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Meurer, C.; Ylinen, T.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Dormody, M.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dormody, M.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Yamazaki, R.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gasparrini, D.] ASI, Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [Gehrels, N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guillemot, L.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Jackson, M. S.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Kawai, N.; Nakamori, T.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] CNRS, UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Okumura, A.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Grad Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Pohl, M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Takahashi, T.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Tibolla, O.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Venter, C.] North West Univ, Unit Space Phys, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM funk@slac.stanford.edu; uchiyama@slac.stanford.edu RI Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; Venter, Christo/E-6884-2011; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; OI Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Chaty, Sylvain/0000-0002-5769-8601; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Venter, Christo/0000-0002-2666-4812; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Thorsett, Stephen/0000-0002-2025-9613; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135 FU NASA and DOE in the United States; CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS in France; ASI and INFN in Italy; MEXT; KEK; JAXA in Japan; K.A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; National Space Board in Sweden; CNES in France FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges support from a number of agencies and institutes for both development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include NASA and DOE in the United States, CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS in France, ASI and INFN in Italy, MEXT, KEK, and JAXA in Japan, and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support from INAF in Italy and CNES in France for science analysis during the operations phase is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 43 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD FEB 10 PY 2010 VL 710 IS 1 BP L92 EP L97 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/710/1/L92 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 554MI UT WOS:000274438700020 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Davies, JA Luhmann, JG Vourlidas, A Bale, SD Lin, RP AF Liu, Ying Davies, Jackie A. Luhmann, Janet G. Vourlidas, Angelos Bale, Stuart D. Lin, Robert P. TI GEOMETRIC TRIANGULATION OF IMAGING OBSERVATIONS TO TRACK CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS CONTINUOUSLY OUT TO 1 AU SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; solar wind; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID EARTH; HELIOSPHERE; BRIGHTNESS; SECCHI; CME; SUN AB We describe a geometric triangulation technique, based on time-elongation maps constructed from imaging observations, to track coronal mass ejections (CMEs) continuously in the heliosphere and predict their impact on the Earth. Taking advantage of stereoscopic imaging observations from the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory, this technique can determine the propagation direction and radial distance of CMEs from their birth in the Corona all the way to 1 AU. The efficacy of the method is demonstrated by its application to the 2008 December 12 CME, which manifests as a magnetic cloud (MC) from in situ measurements at the Earth. The predicted arrival time and radial velocity at the Earth are well confirmed by the in situ observations around the MC. Our method reveals non-radial motions and velocity changes of the CME over large distances in the heliosphere. It also associates the flux-rope structure measured in situ with the dark cavity of the CME in imaging observations. Implementation of the technique, which is expected to be a routine possibility in the future, may indicate a substantial advance in CME studies as well as space weather forecasting. C1 [Liu, Ying; Luhmann, Janet G.; Bale, Stuart D.; Lin, Robert P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Davies, Jackie A.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Vourlidas, Angelos] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lin, Robert P.] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Space Res, Yongin 446701, Gyeonggi, South Korea. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM liuxying@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Bale, Stuart/E-7533-2011; OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Bale, Stuart/0000-0002-1989-3596; Liu, Ying/0000-0002-3483-5909 FU STEREO [NAS5-03131]; NRL; LMSAL; GSFC (US); RAL; University of Birmingham (UK); MPI (Germany); CSL (Belgium); IOTA and IAS (France); KMEST [R31-10016] FX The research was supported by the STEREO project under grant NAS5-03131. SECCHI was developed by a consortium of NRL, LMSAL and GSFC (US), RAL and the University of Birmingham (UK), MPI (Germany), CSL (Belgium), and IOTA and IAS (France). We acknowledge the use of WIND data. R. Lin has been supported in part by the WCU grant (No. R31-10016) funded by KMEST. NR 25 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD FEB 10 PY 2010 VL 710 IS 1 BP L82 EP L87 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/710/1/L82 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 554MI UT WOS:000274438700018 ER PT J AU Rieck, DC Liu, BW Park, BJ Moffett, DF Kidwell, DA Cheng, GJ Van Wie, BJ AF Rieck, Daniel C. Liu, Bingwen Park, Bong-Jae Moffett, David F. Kidwell, David A. Cheng, Gary J. Van Wie, Bernard J. TI Functionalization of micro- and nano-apertures with chromate-selective solvent polymeric membrane SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Ion selective electrodes; Nanosensors; Microsensors; Chromate; Aliquat336; Microelectromechanical systems ID POTENTIOMETRIC SENSORS; DETECTION LIMIT; ION SENSORS; MICROFLUIDIC CHIP; ACCESS RESISTANCE; ELECTRODES; MICROELECTRODES; PVC; PROTEINS; PORE AB A new miniaturization approach to create micro- and nanoscale ion selective electrodes (ISEs) was demonstrated and the concept tested with an environmentally relevant chromate-selective membrane consisting of 7.7:62.2:31.1 wt % Aliquat336:2-NPOE:PVC. Apertures of 100 nM and 30 mu M dimensions were made using MEMS fabrication techniques and functionalized through a macroscale application of solvent polymeric membrane. Performance studies for the microscale ISE showed a response slope of -58.6 +/- 5.6 mV decade(-1) and limit of detection (LOD) of 2.1 x 10(-5) +/- 1.1 x 10(-5) M, versus -65.2 +/- 4.2 mV decade(-1) and 1.8 x 10(-5) +/- 6 x 10(-6) M for the nanoscale ISE. This was consistent with control studies with carefully conditioned coated wire electrodes, which demonstrated a response slope of -61.7 +/- 2.4 mV decade(-1) and a LOD of 3.0 x 10(-6) +/- 1 x 10(-6) M. Response times for the best micro- and nanoscale ISEs were in the 10-20 s timeframe. Electrical resistance measurements were in the G Omega range for the microscale ISEs and nanoscale ISEs. Appropriate ISE geometry was confirmed through AFM measurements and calculations based on electrical properties for micro- and nanoscale apertures. These micro- and nanoscale ISEs are expected to have significant impact in the field of microscale analytical processes. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rieck, Daniel C.; Liu, Bingwen; Park, Bong-Jae; Van Wie, Bernard J.] Washington State Univ, Sch Chem Engn & Bioengn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Moffett, David F.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Kidwell, David A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cheng, Gary J.] Purdue Univ, Sch Ind Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. RP Van Wie, BJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Chem Engn & Bioengn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM bvanwie@che.wsu.edu RI Liu, Bingwen/I-6226-2013 OI Liu, Bingwen/0000-0002-0092-6685 FU National Science Foundation [BES-0508521]; NIH [5T32-GM008336-16] FX We gratefully acknowledge research support from the National Science Foundation Grant BES-0508521, the NIH Biotechnology Training Grant NIH 5T32-GM008336-16 for graduate student training support, the Technical Support Working Group Contract T-242A for initiation of the sensor work, and the Washington State University Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering for supplemental support and for a graduate Student and supplies. We thank Hajime Fuchida for improving our reference electrode fabrication protocol. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD FEB 5 PY 2010 VL 659 IS 1-2 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2009.11.030 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 549KH UT WOS:000274046900032 PM 20103131 ER PT J AU Huba, JD Joyce, G Krall, J Siefring, CL Bernhardt, PA AF Huba, J. D. Joyce, G. Krall, J. Siefring, C. L. Bernhardt, P. A. TI Self-consistent modeling of equatorial dawn density depletions with SAMI3 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE; IONOSPHERE; SATELLITE AB Large-scale, dawn density depletions in the equatorial ionosphere have been observed by instruments on the STPSat1 and CHAMP satellites. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) ionosphere model SAMI3 (Sami3 is Also a Model of the Ionosphere) is used to study this new phenomenon using a self-consistent electric field. Two empirical Horizontal Wind Models (HWM) are used in the simulation study: HWM93 and HWM07. Dawn density depletions are found using HWM07 but not with HWM93. The cause of the depletions is a post-midnight enhancement of the eastward electric field that generates an upward plasma drift. This drift lifts low density plasma to high altitudes (i.e., similar to 600 km). We compare our model results to remote sensing data and to in situ satellite data. Citation: Huba, J.D., G. Joyce, J. Krall, C. L. Siefring, and P. A. Bernhardt (2010), Self-consistent modeling of equatorial dawn density depletions with SAMI3, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L03104, doi:10.1029/2009GL041492. C1 [Huba, J. D.; Krall, J.; Siefring, C. L.; Bernhardt, P. A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Joyce, G.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Huba, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6790,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM huba@ppd.nrl.navy.mil FU NASA; ONR FX We thank S.L. Ossakow for a critical reading of the manuscript. This research has been supported by NASA and ONR. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 5 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L03104 DI 10.1029/2009GL041492 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 553HD UT WOS:000274356200002 ER PT J AU So, E Demirel, MC Wahl, KJ AF So, Eric Demirel, Melik C. Wahl, Kathryn J. TI Mechanical anisotropy of nanostructured parylene films during sliding contact SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FRICTION-ANISOTROPY; THIN-FILMS; DIAMOND SURFACES; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SI SPRINGS; MONOLAYER; MICROTRIBOLOGY; NANOSPRINGS; ASYMMETRY AB Microscale sliding friction experiments were performed on nanostructured poly-chloro-p-xylylene (PPX-Cl, a.k.a, parylene) films. Oblique-angle vapour-phase deposition resulted in nanostructured columnar films tilted 57 degrees-63 degrees. relative to the surface. The mechanical response to sliding was studied relative to the film structural anisotropy by examining contact friction and deformation in three sliding orientations: 'with', 'against' and 'perpendicular' to the tilt axis of the columns. Friction coefficients were uniformly high (0.5-1.5) for all orientations. Neither frictional anisotropy nor depth hysteresis was observed for sliding perpendicular to the column tilt axis. However, sliding 'with' and 'against' the column tilt axis resulted in measurable friction anisotropy as well as depth hysteresis, with larger contact depths and higher friction coefficients for sliding 'with' the column tilt. In comparison, planar films did not exhibit either frictional anisotropy or depth hysteresis. The depth hysteresis during sliding parallel to the tilt axis is attributed to the lateral force contribution to the total contact loading. Contacts formed when the sliding orientation was perpendicular to the column tilt axis were nominally Hertzian, allowing estimation of elastic moduli of the films from the load-displacement data during sliding. These films may have applications in the area of tissue engineering for directional cell sheet growth, MEMS developments for directional microfluidic pumps and sensors for deformation induced detection. C1 [So, Eric; Wahl, Kathryn J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [So, Eric; Demirel, Melik C.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP So, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6176, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kathryn.wahl@nrl.navy.mil RI Demirel, Melik/E-4495-2010; Demirel, Melik/E-3775-2016; OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD FEB 3 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 4 AR 045403 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/43/4/045403 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 543DT UT WOS:000273551300015 ER PT J AU Metzgar, D Myers, CA Russell, KL Faix, D Blair, PJ Brown, J Vo, S Swayne, DE Thomas, C Stenger, DA Lin, B Malanoski, AP Wang, Z Blaney, KM Long, NC Schnur, JM Saad, MD Borsuk, LA Lichanska, AM Lorence, MC Weslowski, B Schafer, KO Tibbetts, C AF Metzgar, David Myers, Christopher A. Russell, Kevin L. Faix, Dennis Blair, Patrick J. Brown, Jason Vo, Scott Swayne, David E. Thomas, Colleen Stenger, David A. Lin, Baochuan Malanoski, Anthony P. Wang, Zheng Blaney, Kate M. Long, Nina C. Schnur, Joel M. Saad, Magdi D. Borsuk, Lisa A. Lichanska, Agnieszka M. Lorence, Matthew C. Weslowski, Brian Schafer, Klaus O. Tibbetts, Clark TI Single Assay for Simultaneous Detection and Differential Identification of Human and Avian Influenza Virus Types, Subtypes, and Emergent Variants SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RESEQUENCING DNA MICROARRAYS; PATHOGEN IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; BROAD-SPECTRUM; HEMAGGLUTININ; SURVEILLANCE; TOOL AB For more than four decades the cause of most type A influenza virus infections of humans has been attributed to only two viral subtypes, A/H1N1 or A/H3N2. In contrast, avian and other vertebrate species are a reservoir of type A influenza virus genome diversity, hosting strains representing at least 120 of 144 combinations of 16 viral hemagglutinin and 9 viral neuraminidase subtypes. Viral genome segment reassortments and mutations emerging within this reservoir may spawn new influenza virus strains as imminent epidemic or pandemic threats to human health and poultry production. Traditional methods to detect and differentiate influenza virus subtypes are either time-consuming and labor-intensive (culture-based) or remarkably insensitive (antibody-based). Molecular diagnostic assays based upon reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) have short assay cycle time, and high analytical sensitivity and specificity. However, none of these diagnostic tests determine viral gene nucleotide sequences to distinguish strains and variants of a detected pathogen from one specimen to the next. Decision-quality, strain-and variant-specific pathogen gene sequence information may be critical for public health, infection control, surveillance, epidemiology, or medical/veterinary treatment planning. The Resequencing Pathogen Microarray (RPM-Flu) is a robust, highly multiplexed and target gene sequencing-based alternative to both traditional culture-or biomarker-based diagnostic tests. RPM-Flu is a single, simultaneous differential diagnostic assay for all subtype combinations of type A influenza viruses and for 30 other viral and bacterial pathogens that may cause influenza-like illness. These other pathogen targets of RPM-Flu may co-infect and compound the morbidity and/or mortality of patients with influenza. The informative specificity of a single RPM-Flu test represents specimen-specific viral gene sequences as determinants of virus type, A/HN subtype, virulence, host-range, and resistance to antiviral agents. C1 [Metzgar, David; Myers, Christopher A.; Russell, Kevin L.; Faix, Dennis; Blair, Patrick J.; Brown, Jason; Vo, Scott] USN, Dept Resp Dis Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Russell, Kevin L.] US Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance &, Div Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Swayne, David E.; Thomas, Colleen; Blaney, Kate M.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Stenger, David A.; Lin, Baochuan; Malanoski, Anthony P.; Wang, Zheng; Long, Nina C.; Schnur, Joel M.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schnur, Joel M.] George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA USA. [Saad, Magdi D.] Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Borsuk, Lisa A.; Lichanska, Agnieszka M.; Lorence, Matthew C.; Weslowski, Brian; Schafer, Klaus O.; Tibbetts, Clark] TessArae LLC, Potomac Falls, VA USA. RP Metzgar, D (reprint author), USN, Dept Resp Dis Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM clark.tibbetts@tessarae.com RI Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; Saad, Magdi/H-5561-2013; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Saad, Magdi/0000-0003-2111-8115; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 FU TessArae [NCRADA-NRL-06-406]; United States Navy to TessArae [N00244-07-C-0037]; Department of Defense; Division of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, Maryland FX No grant funding supported this effort. TessArae and the Naval Research Laboratory worked together under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (NCRADA-NRL-06-406), with financial resources contributed from TessArae. TessArae and the Naval Health Research Center worked together under a research services contract (N00244-07-C-0037) from the United States Navy to TessArae. Partial funding for this respiratory disease surveillance initiative was provided by the Department of Defense, Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (GEIS), a Division of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, Maryland. TessArae and the Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory (SEPRL) cooperated under a no-cost cooperative agreement under which SEPRL provided samples (as their respective costs assumed) for testing and TessArae performed the testing (as their respective costs assumed). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 27 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 3 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 2 AR e8995 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0008995 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 554ZA UT WOS:000274474200003 PM 20140251 ER PT J AU Nalbantoglu, U Sayood, K Dempsey, MP Iwen, PC Francesconi, SC Barabote, RD Xie, G Brettin, TS Hinrichs, SH Fey, PD AF Nalbantoglu, Ufuk Sayood, Khalid Dempsey, Michael P. Iwen, Peter C. Francesconi, Stephen C. Barabote, Ravi D. Xie, Gary Brettin, Thomas S. Hinrichs, Steven H. Fey, Paul D. TI Large Direct Repeats Flank Genomic Rearrangements between a New Clinical Isolate of Francisella tularensis subsp tularensis A1 and Schu S4 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION; TULAREMIA; SEQUENCE; STRAIN AB Francisella tularensis subspecies tularensis consists of two separate populations A1 and A2. This report describes the complete genome sequence of NE061598, an F. tularensis subspecies tularensis A1 isolated in 1998 from a human with clinical disease in Nebraska, United States of America. The genome sequence was compared to Schu S4, an F. tularensis subspecies tularensis A1a strain originally isolated in Ohio in 1941. It was determined that there were 25 nucleotide polymorphisms (22 SNPs and 3 indels) between Schu S4 and NE061598; two of these polymorphisms were in potential virulence loci. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis demonstrated that NE061598 was an A1a genotype. Other differences included repeat sequences (n = 11 separate loci), four of which were contained in coding sequences, and an inversion and rearrangement probably mediated by insertion sequences and the previously identified direct repeats I, II, and III. Five new variable-number tandem repeats were identified; three of these five were unique in NE061598 compared to Schu S4. Importantly, there was no gene loss or gain identified between NE061598 and Schu S4. Interpretation of these data suggests there is significant sequence conservation and chromosomal synteny within the A1 population. Further studies are needed to determine the biological properties driving the selective pressure that maintains the chromosomal structure of this monomorphic pathogen. C1 [Nalbantoglu, Ufuk; Sayood, Khalid] Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Iwen, Peter C.; Hinrichs, Steven H.; Fey, Paul D.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE USA. [Barabote, Ravi D.; Xie, Gary] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Barabote, Ravi D.; Xie, Gary] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Dempsey, Michael P.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Div Microbiol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. [Francesconi, Stephen C.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Brettin, Thomas S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Nalbantoglu, U (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM pfey@unmc.edu RI Barabote, Ravi/B-8727-2011; Barabote, Ravi/C-1299-2017; OI Barabote, Ravi/0000-0002-0403-246X; xie, gary/0000-0002-9176-924X FU Department of Defense, Defense Advanced Research Program Agency [W911NF0510275] FX This work was supported by a grant from the Department of Defense, Defense Advanced Research Program Agency ( award W911NF0510275) to S. H. H. The opinions expressed in this manuscript are the private views of the authors and are not the official views of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, the Department of the Army, the United States Air Force, or the Department of Defense. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 3 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 2 AR e9007 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0009007 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 554ZA UT WOS:000274474200008 PM 20140244 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JD Anderson, TJ Culbertson, JC Jernigan, GG Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Tadjer, MJ Tedesco, JL Hite, JK Mastro, MA Myers-Ward, RL Eddy, CR Campbell, PM Gaskill, DK AF Caldwell, Joshua D. Anderson, Travis J. Culbertson, James C. Jernigan, Glenn G. Hobart, Karl D. Kub, Fritz J. Tadjer, Marko J. Tedesco, Joseph L. Hite, Jennifer K. Mastro, Michael A. Myers-Ward, Rachael L. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Campbell, Paul M. Gaskill, D. Kurt TI Technique for the Dry Transfer of Epitaxial Graphene onto Arbitrary Substrates SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE epitaxial graphene; transfer; silicon intercalation; Hall effect; transparent contact; SiC ID HETEROEPITAXIAL GRAPHITE; LARGE-AREA; FILMS; PERFORMANCE; DEPOSITION; GROWTH; SIO2 AB To make graphene technologically viable, the transfer of graphene films to substrates appropriate for specific applications is required. We demonstrate the dry transfer of epitaxial graphene (EG) from the C-face of 4H-SiC onto SiO(2), GaN and Al(2)O(3) substrates using a thermal release tape. Subsequent Hall effect measurements illustrated that minimal degradation in the carrier mobility was induced following the transfer process in lithographically patterned devices. Correspondingly, a large drop in the carrier concentration was observed following the transfer process, supporting the notion that a gradient in the carrier density is present in C-face EG, with lower values being observed in layers further removed from the SiC interface. X-ray photoemission spectra collected from EG films attached to the transfer tape revealed the presence of atomic Si within the EG layers, which may indicate the identity of the unknown intrinsic dopant in EG. Finally, this transfer process is shown to enable EG films amenable for use in device fabrication on arbitrary substrates and films that are deemed most beneficial to carrier transport, as flexible electronic devices or optically transparent contacts. C1 [Caldwell, Joshua D.; Anderson, Travis J.; Culbertson, James C.; Jernigan, Glenn G.; Hobart, Karl D.; Kub, Fritz J.; Tadjer, Marko J.; Tedesco, Joseph L.; Hite, Jennifer K.; Mastro, Michael A.; Myers-Ward, Rachael L.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.; Campbell, Paul M.; Gaskill, D. Kurt] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Caldwell, Joshua D.; Anderson, Travis J.; Culbertson, James C.; Jernigan, Glenn G.; Hobart, Karl D.; Kub, Fritz J.; Tadjer, Marko J.; Tedesco, Joseph L.; Hite, Jennifer K.; Mastro, Michael A.; Myers-Ward, Rachael L.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.; Campbell, Paul M.; Gaskill, D. Kurt] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Caldwell, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Joshua.caldwell@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU Office of Naval Research; ASEE FX We would like to thank Nitto Denko America (Fremont, CA), Electronics Process Material Group (system.nda@nitto.com) for providing the thermal release tape and expertise in the associated transfer and cleaning processes. Artwork for the table of contents figures was provided by M. Kraus (www.mammalcreative.com). The authors also express their appreciation to S. Binari for the use of his Hall effect measurement system and Je. Robinson and Jo. Robinson for helpful discussions. This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research. Support for J.L. Tedesco and J.K. Hite was provided by the ASEE. NR 32 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 22 U2 172 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD FEB PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 BP 1108 EP 1114 DI 10.1021/nn901585p PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 556ZI UT WOS:000274635800066 PM 20099904 ER PT J AU Pande, CS McFadden, GB AF Pande, C. S. McFadden, G. B. TI Self-similar grain size distribution in three dimensions: A stochastic treatment SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Grain growth; Modelling; Theory ID GROWTH; BOUNDARIES; SIMULATION; EVOLUTION; MODEL AB In this paper, a stochastic formulation of three-dimensional grain growth is presented. This formulation employs the recent extension of the von Neumann law to three dimensions, and leads to a Fokker-Planck equation for the size distribution. The self-similar solutions of the Fokker-Planck equation presented here are based on the assumption of quasi-stationary distributions reached in the long time limit. The resulting grain size distributions, obtained both numerically and analytically, are shown to be in good agreement with each other and also with those obtained from computer simulations, indicating the validity of the stochastic approach. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia, Inc. C1 [McFadden, G. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pande, C. S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McFadden, GB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg 820,Room 365,100 Bur Dr Stop 8910, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mcfadden@nist.gov RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work is supported in part by the Office of Naval Research. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 1037 EP 1044 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.10.020 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 558SH UT WOS:000274765600030 ER PT J AU Felker, CC AF Felker, Craig C. TI From Hot War to Cold The US Navy and National Security Affiars. 1945-1955 SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Felker, Craig C.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Felker, CC (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 115 IS 1 BP 249 EP 250 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 560UY UT WOS:000274930200093 ER PT J AU Brennan, T AF Brennan, Thomas TI Enlightened Feudalism. Seigneurial Justice and Village Society in Eighteenth-Century Northern Burgundy. SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Brennan, Thomas] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brennan, T (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 115 IS 1 BP 300 EP 301 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 560UY UT WOS:000274930200150 ER PT J AU Lockhart, J AF Lockhart, Jody TI Counting Good Bit String Arc Diagrams SO AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL MONTHLY LA English DT Letter C1 US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Lockhart, J (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATHEMATICAL ASSOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1529 18TH STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-9890 EI 1930-0972 J9 AM MATH MON JI Am. Math. Mon. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 117 IS 2 BP 187 EP 187 PG 1 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 748HU UT WOS:000289382500013 ER PT J AU Gist, RS Miller, DW Warren, T AF Gist, Richard S. Miller, David W. Warren, Ty TI A Difficult Airway in a Patient with Nephrogenic Sclerosing Fibrosis SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Article ID RENAL-DIALYSIS PATIENTS; SYSTEMIC FIBROSIS; DERMOPATHY AB Nephrogenic sclerosing fibrosis (dermopathy) is a relatively rare complication of long-term renal dialysis. The syndrome includes marked thickening of the skin and diffuse fibrosis of fascia, muscle, heart, and lungs, leading to contractures of the joints and limbs and cardiopulmonary compromise. We present the case of a 29-year-old woman who required emergent intubation because of respiratory compromise, and who had had normal airway examinations and intubations before the onset of nephrogenic sclerosing fibrosis symptoms. (Anesth Analg 2010;110:555-7) C1 [Gist, Richard S.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Sect Crit Care Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Miller, David W.; Warren, Ty] Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Sect Crit Care Med, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Gist, RS (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Sect Crit Care Med, Dept Anesthesiol, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM richard.gist@med.navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 110 IS 2 BP 555 EP 557 DI 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181c8b09f PG 3 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 547XC UT WOS:000273922100047 PM 20081138 ER PT J AU Hanling, SR Wallace, SC Hollenbeck, KJ Belnap, BD Tulis, MR AF Hanling, Steven R. Wallace, Scott C. Hollenbeck, Kerry J. Belnap, Brian D. Tulis, Matthew R. TI Preamputation Mirror Therapy May Prevent Development of Phantom Limb Pain: A Case Series SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Article ID CORTICAL REORGANIZATION AB We report the cases of 4 patients who performed daily mirror therapy for 2 wk before undergoing elective limb amputation. One patient experienced no phantom limb pain (PLP). Two patients experienced rare episodes of mild PLP without effect on their participation in physical therapy (PT) or their quality of life. One patient reported daily, brief episodes of moderate PLP without effect on his participation in PT or his stated quality of life. These results indicate that preoperative mirror therapy may improve postamputation PT compliance and decrease the incidence of PLP. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm the results of this case series. (Anesth Analg 2010;110:611-4) C1 [Hanling, Steven R.; Wallace, Scott C.; Hollenbeck, Kerry J.; Belnap, Brian D.; Tulis, Matthew R.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Hanling, SR (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM steven.hanling@med.navy.mil NR 13 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 16 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 110 IS 2 BP 611 EP 614 DI 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181b845b0 PG 4 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 547XC UT WOS:000273922100057 PM 19917622 ER PT J AU Moore, M Tucker, M Grier, T Quinn, J AF Moore, Meredith Tucker, Mark Grier, Tom Quinn, James TI Effects of summer mailing on in vivo and in vitro relative potencies of standardized timothy grass extract SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRACTICE PARAMETER; ALLERGEN EXTRACTS; POLLEN ALLERGENS; RAGWEED POLLEN; IMMUNOTHERAPY; STABILITY; PRESERVATIVES; STORAGE AB Background: Allergen extracts can degrade when exposed to temperatures significantly beyond the optimum storage recommendation of 4 C. Many allergen extracts are mailed to their final destinations throughout the year with exposure to varied environmental conditions. Objective: To evaluate the effect of summer mailing on the in vitro and in vivo potency of timothy grass extract. Methods: Standardized timothy grass extracts, 10,000 and 100,000 BAU/mL, were mailed round-trip between San Antonio, Texas, and Phoenix, Arizona, during August 2007. In-transit temperatures were recorded using a portable temperature logger. After mailing of the extracts, we performed quantitative in vitro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition and in vivo ID50EAL (Intradermal Dilution for 50-mm Sum of Erythema Determines Bioequivalent Allergy Units) analysis. Results: Measured extract exposure temperatures were greater than 20 degrees C for 11 days and 30 degrees C for 6 hours during standard mailing in weather temperatures exceeding 38 degrees C. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition results for the 100,000-and 10,000-BAU/mL control samples were 97,900 and 10,580 BAU/mL, respectively, and for the mailed extracts were 96,800 and 7,830 BAU/mL, respectively. These measurements fell within the current Food and Drug Administration lot release limits (67%-149%) and stability limits (50%-200%) relative to the standardized reference. The ID(50)EAL determinations of the control vs mailed extracts were 12.98 vs 12.28, 12.66 vs 12.32, and 11.97 vs 11.70 for the 3 patients. These differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Mailing of timothy grass extract produced no significant reductions in in vitro relative potencies or in vivo skin test reactivity in 3 sensitive patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010; 104: 147-151. C1 [Moore, Meredith; Quinn, James] San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Allergy Immunol, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Tucker, Mark] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Grier, Tom] Greer Labs, Lenoir, NC USA. RP Moore, M (reprint author), San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Allergy Immunol, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, 59 MDOS SGO5A,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM meredith.moore@us.af.mil NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 104 IS 2 BP 147 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.anai.2009.11.037 PG 5 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 701OF UT WOS:000285828400008 PM 20306818 ER PT J AU Clifton, GT Clive, K Holmes, JP Patil, R Benavides, LC Gates, JD Mittendorf, EA Stojadinovic, A Ponniah, S Peoples, GE AF Clifton, G. T. Clive, K. Holmes, J. P. Patil, R. Benavides, L. C. Gates, J. D. Mittendorf, E. A. Stojadinovic, A. Ponniah, S. Peoples, G. E. TI Cumulative Findings from the E75 Peptide Vaccine Adjuvant Trials in Breast Cancer SO ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 63rd Annual Cancer Symposium of the Society-of-Surgical-Oncology CY MAR 03-07, 2010 CL St Louis, MO SP Soc Surg Oncol C1 [Clifton, G. T.; Clive, K.; Benavides, L. C.; Gates, J. D.; Peoples, G. E.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Holmes, J. P.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Patil, R.] Windber Med Ctr, Windber, PA USA. [Mittendorf, E. A.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Stojadinovic, A.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Ponniah, S.] USUHS, Canc Vaccine Dev Program, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1068-9265 J9 ANN SURG ONCOL JI Ann. Surg. Oncol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 17 SU 1 BP S50 EP S50 PG 1 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 560KY UT WOS:000274902700135 ER PT J AU Stevens, KA Henry, LR Horst, LB Solomon, NP Coppit, G Shriver, CD Stojadinovic, A AF Stevens, K. A. Henry, L. R. Horst, L. B. Solomon, N. P. Coppit, G. Shriver, C. D. Stojadinovic, A. TI What is the Clinical Utility of Recurrent Laryngeal Neuromonitoring during Thyroidectomy? SO ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 63rd Annual Cancer Symposium of the Society-of-Surgical-Oncology CY MAR 03-07, 2010 CL St Louis, MO SP Soc Surg Oncol C1 [Stevens, K. A.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Henry, L. R.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Horst, L. B.; Solomon, N. P.; Coppit, G.; Shriver, C. D.; Stojadinovic, A.] Water Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1068-9265 J9 ANN SURG ONCOL JI Ann. Surg. Oncol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 17 SU 1 BP S16 EP S17 PG 2 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 560KY UT WOS:000274902700037 ER PT J AU Tanyi, JA Krafft, SP Ushino, T Huston, AL Justus, BL AF Tanyi, James A. Krafft, Shane P. Ushino, Toshihide Huston, Alan L. Justus, Brian L. TI Performance characteristics of a gated fiber-optic-coupled dosimeter in high-energy pulsed photon radiation dosimetry SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Real-time dosimetry; Pulsed photon beam; Gated fiber-optics; In vivo dosimetry ID QUALITY-ASSURANCE; REAL-TIME; DETECTOR; RADIOTHERAPY; LUMINESCENCE; DIODE; BEAMS AB Fiber-optic-coupled dosimeters (FOCDs) are a new class of in vivo dosimetry systems that are finding increased clinical applications. Utility of FOCDs has been limited in dosimetric applications due Cerenkov-ray signal contamination. The current study reports on the characterization of a novel FOCD, with a gated detection system for the discrimination and effective elimination of the direct contribution of Cerenkov radiation, for use in the radiotherapeutic realm. System reproducibility, linearity and output dependence on dose rate, energy, field size, and temperature response were characterized for 6, 10, and 15 MV photon energies. The system exhibited a linear response to absorbed dose ranging from 1 to 2400 cGy and showed little dependence to dose rate variations. Overall system reproducibility was 0.52% with no field-geometry and temperature dependence. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tanyi, James A.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Radiat Med, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Tanyi, James A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiat Hlth Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Krafft, Shane P.] Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ushino, Toshihide] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Off Environm Hlth & Safety, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Huston, Alan L.; Justus, Brian L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tanyi, JA (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Radiat Med, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk Rd,Mail Code KPV4, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM tanyij@ohsu.edu OI Krafft, Shane/0000-0002-4582-8587 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 68 IS 2 BP 364 EP 369 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.10.042 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 576BC UT WOS:000276117500023 PM 19932623 ER PT J AU Satter, EK White, AA Scalise, TK DeRienzo, DP AF Satter, Elizabeth K. White, Andrew A. Scalise, Tamara K. DeRienzo, Damian P. TI Infantile Erythroderma SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY C1 [Satter, Elizabeth K.; Scalise, Tamara K.; DeRienzo, Damian P.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [White, Andrew A.] Scripps Clin, San Diego, CA USA. RP Satter, EK (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 146 IS 2 BP 191 EP + PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 554XE UT WOS:000274468600014 PM 20157034 ER PT J AU Grumet, RC Bach, BR Provencher, MT AF Grumet, Robert C. Bach, Bernard R., Jr. Provencher, Matthew T. TI Arthroscopic Stabilization for First-Time Versus Recurrent Shoulder Instability SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; TRAUMATIC ANTERIOR DISLOCATIONS; BANKART SUTURE REPAIR; NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT; FOLLOW-UP; REHABILITATION; IMMOBILIZATION AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to systematically review the evidence on the outcomes of arthroscopic repair for anterior shoulder instability in first-time dislocators when compared with patients with recurrent instability. Methods: We designed a systematic review with a specific methodology to investigate the outcomes of surgery for those with only a first-time dislocation versus those who underwent surgery after multiple instability events. We performed a literature search from January 1966 to December 2008 using Medline, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Key words included the following: first time, primary shoulder, or recurrent shoulder instability, shoulder dislocation, Bankart repair, arthroscopic Bankart repair, and labral repair. The inclusion criteria were cohort studies (Level I to II) that evaluated the outcomes of patients undergoing arthroscopic stabilization after the first dislocation or multiple recurrent episodes. Studies that lacked a comparison group or were retrospective (Level III studies or higher) were excluded. Results: There were 15 studies that met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis: 5 in the first-time dislocation group and 10 in the recurrent instability group. Study design, patient demographics, mean number of dislocations, surgical technique, and rehabilitation protocol, as well as subjective and objective outcome measures, were recorded. Conclusions: There were no differences in recurrence or complication rate among patients undergoing surgery after the primary dislocation when compared with those undergoing surgery after multiple recurrent episodes. Clinical outcome measures significantly improved within all independent studies from preoperatively to postoperatively. However, because of variation in the outcome measurement tools used, no direct comparison between the study groups could be performed. Additional randomized controlled studies are needed to compare the functional outcome, quality of life, and ability to return to preinjury activity level among patients undergoing early versus delayed repair for anterior shoulder instability. Level of Evidence: Level II, systematic review of Level I and II studies. C1 [Provencher, Matthew T.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, USUHS, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Grumet, Robert C.; Bach, Bernard R., Jr.] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Div Sports Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Provencher, MT (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, USUHS, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 112, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM mattprovencher@earthlink.net NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD FEB PY 2010 VL 26 IS 2 BP 239 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.arthro.2009.06.006 PG 10 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 552NW UT WOS:000274300100015 PM 20141987 ER PT J AU Larsen, JA Cabanela, JE Humphreys, RM Haviland, AP AF Larsen, Jeffrey A. Cabanela, Juan E. Humphreys, Roberta M. Haviland, Aaron P. TI MAPPING THE ASYMMETRIC THICK DISK. I. A SEARCH FOR TRIAXIALITY SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics; Galaxy: structure ID CANIS MAJOR OVERDENSITY; MILKY-WAY; KINEMATIC ANALYSIS; STELLAR STRUCTURE; GALACTIC BULGE; STAR COUNTS; SKY SURVEY; GALAXY; BAR; CATALOG AB A significant asymmetry in the distribution of faint blue stars in the inner Galaxy, Quadrant 1 (l = 20 degrees-45 degrees) compared to Quadrant 4 was first reported by Larsen & Humphreys in 1996. Parker et al. greatly expanded the survey to determine its spatial extent and shape and the kinematics of the affected stars. This excess in the star counts was subsequently confirmed by Juric et al. using Sloan Digital Sky Survey data. Possible explanations for the asymmetry include a merger remnant, a triaxial thick disk, and a possible interaction with the bar in the disk. In this paper, we describe our program of wide field photometry to map the asymmetry to fainter magnitudes and therefore larger distances. To search for the signature of triaxiality, we extended our survey to higher Galactic longitudes. We find no evidence for an excess of faint blue stars at l >= 55 degrees including the faintest magnitude interval. The asymmetry and star count excess in Quadrant 1 is thus not due to a triaxial thick disk. C1 [Larsen, Jeffrey A.; Haviland, Aaron P.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Cabanela, Juan E.] Minnesota State Univ Moorhead, Dept Phys & Astron, Moorhead, MN 56563 USA. [Humphreys, Roberta M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Larsen, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM larsen@usna.edu; cabanela@mnstate.edu; roberta@umn.edu FU National Science Foundation [AST0729989, AST0507309, AST0507170]; NRL [N0001409WR40059 (FY09)] FX This work was supported by Collaborative National Science Foundation grants to J.E. Cabanela (AST0729989), J.A. Larsen (AST0507309), and R.M. Humphreys (AST0507170). We thank Steward Observatory and NOAO for observing support, and our respective home institutions for providing facilities support. A. P. Haviland's contributions to this paper were in fulfillment of his Trident Scholarship during his final year at USNA supported by NRL grant N0001409WR40059 (FY09). J.E. Cabanela thanks undergraduate research assistants Joshua Swanson and Laura Broaded for testing and reducing the original Y4KCam data from 2006 April. J.A. Larsen also thanks Debora Katz for observing assistance at Steward Observatory and co-advising A. P. Haviland's Trident project. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 139 IS 2 BP 348 EP 356 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/139/2/348 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 544FY UT WOS:000273640200004 ER PT J AU Tokovinin, A Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI AF Tokovinin, Andrei Mason, Brian D. Hartkopf, William I. TI SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY AT THE BLANCO AND SOAR TELESCOPES IN 2008 AND 2009 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: general ID VISUAL DOUBLE STARS; BINARY STARS; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; WIYN TELESCOPE; MULTIPLE STARS; CD-ROM; ORBITS; CATALOG AB The results of speckle interferometric measurements of binary and multiple stars conducted in 2008 and 2009 at the Blanco and SOAR 4 m telescopes in Chile are presented. A total of 1898 measurements of 1189 resolved pairs or sub-systems and 394 observations of 285 un-resolved targets are listed. We resolved for the first time 48 new pairs, 21 of which are new sub-systems in close visual multiple stars. Typical internal measurement precision is 0.3 mas in both coordinates, typical companion detection capability is Delta m similar to 4.2 at 0 ''.15 separation. These data were obtained with a new electron-multiplication CCD camera; data processing is described in detail, including estimation of magnitude difference, observational errors, detection limits, and analysis of artifacts. We comment on some newly discovered pairs and objects of special interest. C1 [Tokovinin, Andrei] Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Mason, Brian D.; Hartkopf, William I.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Tokovinin, A (reprint author), Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile. EM atokovinin@ctio.noao.edu; bdm@usno.navy.mil; wih@usno.navy.mil OI Tokovinin, Andrei/0000-0002-2084-0782 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH06AD70I]; Double Star Program FX The USNO speckle interferometry program has been supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNH06AD70I, issued through the Terrestrial Planet Finder Foundation Science program. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. Thanks are also extended to Ken Johnston and the U.S. Naval Observatory for their continued support of the Double Star Program. NR 29 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 139 IS 2 BP 743 EP 756 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/139/2/743 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 544FY UT WOS:000273640200032 ER PT J AU Balthasar, H Muglach, K AF Balthasar, H. Muglach, K. TI The three-dimensional structure of sunspots II. The moat flow at two different heights SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE sunspots; Sun: UV radiation ID MOVING MAGNETIC FEATURES; ACTIVE-REGION; 2-DIMENSIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; PENUMBRAL FILAMENTS; TRANSITION REGION; FEATURE PAIRS; VELOCITY; OSCILLATIONS; FIELDS; WAVES AB Aims. Many sunspots are surrounded by a radial outflow called the moat flow. We investigate the moat flow at two different heights of the solar atmosphere for a sunspot whose magnetic properties were reported in the first paper of this series. Methods. We use two simultaneous time series taken with the Transition Region And Coronal Explorer (TRACE) in white light and in the UV at 170 nm. The field-of-view is centered on the small sunspot NOAA10886 located near disk center. Horizontal velocities are derived by applying two different local correlation tracking techniques. Results. Outflows are found everywhere in the moat. In the inner moat, the velocities from the UV series are larger than those from white light, whereas in the outer part of the moat we find the converse result. Conclusions. The results imply that the white light velocities represent a general outflow of the quiet sun plasma in the moat, while UV velocities are dominated by small bright points that move faster than the general plasma flow. C1 [Balthasar, H.] Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. [Muglach, K.] USN, Res Lab, Artep Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Balthasar, H (reprint author), Astrophys Inst Potsdam, Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. EM hbalthasar@aip.de; muglach@nrl.navy.mil NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB-MAR PY 2010 VL 511 AR A67 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200912978 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 571LD UT WOS:000275752400062 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Atwood, WB Axelsson, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Foschini, L Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hays, E Hughes, RE Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, RP Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kocian, ML Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McConville, W McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakamori, T Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ritz, S Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sellerholm, A Sgro, C Shaw, MS Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strickman, MS Strong, AW Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Tibolla, O Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Atwood, W. B. Axelsson, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Foschini, L. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Hughes, R. E. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocian, M. L. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McConville, W. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakamori, T. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ritz, S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sellerholm, A. Sgro, C. Shaw, M. S. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strickman, M. S. Strong, A. W. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Tibolla, O. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI DETECTION OF GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM THE STARBURST GALAXIES M82 AND NGC 253 WITH THE LARGE AREA TELESCOPE ON FERMI SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; galaxies: individual (M82, NGC 253); gamma rays: general; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID ALL-SKY SURVEY; NEARBY GALAXIES; SUPERNOVA RATE; RADIO-SOURCES; NGC-253; GAS; DISCOVERY; DISTANCE; NUCLEUS AB We report the detection of high-energy gamma-ray emission from two starburst galaxies using data obtained with the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Steady point-like emission above 200 MeV has been detected at significance levels of 6.8 sigma and 4.8 sigma, respectively, from sources positionally coincident with locations of the starburst galaxies M82 and NGC 253. The total fluxes of the sources are consistent with gamma-ray emission originating from the interaction of cosmic rays with local interstellar gas and radiation fields and constitute evidence for a link between massive star formation and gamma-ray emission in star-forming galaxies. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Axelsson, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Ryde, F.; Sellerholm, A.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmo Particle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, CNRS, Lab AIM,CEA IRFU,Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Giebels, B.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Gasparrini, D.] Sci Data Ctr, ASI, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [Celik, Oe; Cheung, C. C.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Meurer, C.; Sellerholm, A.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, UMR 5797, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, IN2P3, CNRS, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Foschini, L.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, I-23807 Merate, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gehrels, N.; McConville, W.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kataoka, J.; Kawai, N.; Nakamori, T.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Orlando, E.; Strong, A. W.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Morselli, A.; Ozaki, M.; Uchiyama, Y.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tibolla, O.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. [Torres, D. F.] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM arodrig@aliga.ieec.uab.es; bechtol@stanford.edu; charles.dermer@nrl.navy.mil; Olaf.Reimer@uibk.ac.at; dtorres@ieec.uab.es RI Saz Parkinson, Pablo Miguel/I-7980-2013; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Foschini, Luigi/H-3833-2012; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Foschini, Luigi/0000-0001-8678-0324; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Axelsson, Magnus/0000-0003-4378-8785; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726 FU Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France FX Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. NR 49 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 709 IS 2 BP L152 EP L157 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/709/2/L152 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 551LD UT WOS:000274209300013 ER PT J AU De Pasquale, M Schady, P Kuin, NPM Page, MJ Curran, PA Zane, S Oates, SR Holland, ST Breeveld, AA Hoversten, EA Chincarini, G Grupe, D Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Axelsson, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Baring, MG Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Bissaldi, E Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Bregeon, J Brez, A Briggs, MS Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Chekhtman, A Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Connaughton, V Conrad, J Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F Dingus, BL Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Fishman, G Focke, WB Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Granot, J Greiner, J Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hays, E Horan, D Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Kippen, RM Knodlseder, J Kocevski, D Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE McGlynn, S Meegan, C Meszaros, P Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Monte, C Monzani, ME Moretti, E Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohno, M Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paciesas, WS Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Preece, R Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ritz, S Rochester, LS Rodriguez, AY Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Schalk, TL Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stamatikos, M Starck, JL Stecker, FW Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Toma, K Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Uehara, T Usher, TL van der Horst, AJ Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V von Kienlin, A Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Wu, XF Yamazaki, R Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF De Pasquale, M. Schady, P. Kuin, N. P. M. Page, M. J. Curran, P. A. Zane, S. Oates, S. R. Holland, S. T. Breeveld, A. A. Hoversten, E. A. Chincarini, G. Grupe, D. Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Axelsson, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Baring, M. G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Bissaldi, E. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Briggs, M. S. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Chekhtman, A. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Connaughton, V. Conrad, J. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Dingus, B. L. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Fishman, G. Focke, W. B. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Granot, J. Greiner, J. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Kippen, R. M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocevski, D. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. McGlynn, S. Meegan, C. Meszaros, P. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Moretti, E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohno, M. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paciesas, W. S. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Preece, R. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ritz, S. Rochester, L. S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Schalk, T. L. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stamatikos, M. Starck, J. -L. Stecker, F. W. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Toma, K. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Uehara, T. Usher, T. L. van der Horst, A. J. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. von Kienlin, A. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Wu, X. F. Yamazaki, R. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI SWIFT AND FERMI OBSERVATIONS OF THE EARLY AFTERGLOW OF THE SHORT GAMMA-RAY BURST 090510 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray burst: individual (GRB090510); relativistic processes; shock waves ID LIGHT CURVES; EXTENDED EMISSION; TELESCOPE; BREAKS; PROMPT; JETS; GRBS AB We present the observations of GRB090510 performed by the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope and the Swift observatory. This is a bright, short burst that shows an extended emission detected in the GeV range. Furthermore, its optical emission initially rises, a feature so far observed only in long bursts, while the X-ray flux shows an initial shallow decrease, followed by a steeper decay. This exceptional behavior enables us to investigate the physical properties of the gamma-ray burst outflow, poorly known in short bursts. We discuss internal and external shock models for the broadband energy emission of this object. C1 [De Pasquale, M.; Schady, P.; Kuin, N. P. M.; Page, M. J.; Curran, P. A.; Zane, S.; Oates, S. R.; Breeveld, A. A.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Holland, S. T.; Celik, Oe.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; McEnery, J. E.; Stamatikos, M.; Stecker, F. W.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hoversten, E. A.; Grupe, D.; Gehrels, N.; Meszaros, P.; Toma, K.; Wu, X. F.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Chincarini, G.] Univ Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy. [Chincarini, G.] Osservatorio Astron Brera INAF, I-23807 Merate, LC, Italy. [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocevski, D.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocevski, D.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Axelsson, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Jackson, M. S.; McGlynn, S.; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmo Particle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Starck, J. -L.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, Serv Astrophys, CNRS, Lab AIM,CEA IRFU,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.; Moretti, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.; Moretti, E.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Carrigan, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bissaldi, E.; Greiner, J.; Orlando, E.; von Kienlin, A.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Briggs, M. S.; Connaughton, V.; Guiriec, S.; Paciesas, W. S.; Preece, R.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Meurer, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dingus, B. L.; Kippen, R. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dumora, D.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.] Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, IN2P3, CNRS, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.] Univ Bordeaux, UMR 5797, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Fishman, G.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Fukazawa, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.; Uehara, T.; Yamazaki, R.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gasparrini, D.] Sci Data Ctr, ASI, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [Gehrels, N.; McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gehrels, N.; McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Granot, J.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Guillemot, L.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Stamatikos, M.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jackson, M. S.; McGlynn, S.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Meegan, C.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ohno, M.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Schalk, T. L.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Schalk, T. L.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Wu, X. F.] J CPNPC, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Wu, X. F.] Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP De Pasquale, M (reprint author), Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM mdp@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; mjp@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; Veronique.Pelassa@lpta.in2p3.fr; toma@astro.psu.edu RI giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Starck, Jean-Luc/D-9467-2011; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Curran, Peter/B-5293-2013; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Stecker, Floyd/D-3169-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; Wu, Xuefeng/G-5316-2015; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; OI giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Starck, Jean-Luc/0000-0003-2177-7794; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Curran, Peter/0000-0003-3003-4626; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Wu, Xuefeng/0000-0002-6299-1263; Axelsson, Magnus/0000-0003-4378-8785; Moretti, Elena/0000-0001-5477-9097; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Dingus, Brenda/0000-0001-8451-7450; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018 FU STFC FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges support from a number of agencies and institutes for both development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include NASA and DOE in the United States, CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS in France, ASI and INFN in Italy, MEXT, KEK, and JAXA in Japan, and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support from INAF in Italy and CNES in France for science analysis during the operations phase is also gratefully acknowledged. S.Z. acknowledges STFC support. This work used data supplied by the UK Swift SDC at the University of Leicester. NR 46 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 709 IS 2 BP L146 EP L151 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/709/2/L146 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 551LD UT WOS:000274209300012 ER PT J AU Chardonnet, P Chechetkin, V Titarchuk, L AF Chardonnet, Pascal Chechetkin, Valery Titarchuk, Lev TI On the pair-instability supernovae and gamma-ray burst phenomenon SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gamma ray: bursts; Stellar evolution; Supernovae ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; SHOCK WAVE; SPECTRA; STARS; AFTERGLOW; COMPTONIZATION; GALAXY; MODEL; CORE; DETONATION AB We present a model of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) related to "very massive" stars. In the framework of our model, the GRB phenomenon is a result of helium burning in degenerate conditions in a massive star (a parts per thousand(3)130 M (aS (TM))), in which the thermal nuclear burning occurs in the deflagration regime and has a pulsating temporal pattern. The shock runs away from the burning (reaction) zone, which leads to the development of a coronal outflow (jet-like) structure. In our scenario the GRB observable prompt fast rise and decay part can be a result of photon propagation through the hot corona (Comptonization photosphere) of the star. On the other hand, the GRB afterglow is a cooling phase of the expanding and outflowing envelope. Presumably, the X-ray part of the GRB emergent spectrum is formed due to upscattering of soft photons of outer layers of the star off hot coronal electrons, and thus it should have a specific shape of the Comptonization spectrum. C1 [Chardonnet, Pascal] Univ Savoie, CNRS, LAPTH, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Chechetkin, Valery] Russian Acad Sci, Keldysh Inst Appl Math IPM, Moscow 1250477, Russia. [Titarchuk, Lev] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Titarchuk, Lev] Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Titarchuk, Lev] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Titarchuk, Lev] George Mason, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Chardonnet, P (reprint author), Univ Savoie, CNRS, LAPTH, BP 110, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. EM chardonnet@lapp.in2p3.fr; lev.titarchuk@nrl.navy.mil NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 325 IS 2 BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.1007/s10509-009-0178-4 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 540CE UT WOS:000273307500002 ER PT J AU Sapsford, KE Blanco-Canosa, JB Dawson, PE Medintz, IL AF Sapsford, Kim E. Blanco-Canosa, Juan B. Dawson, Philip E. Medintz, Igor L. TI Detection of HIV-1 Specific Monoclonal Antibodies Using Enhancement of Dye-Labeled Antigenic Peptides SO BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; MATRIX PROTEIN; P17; BINDING; EXCITATION; BIOSENSOR; BEACONS; SENSORS; SERUM AB A simple bifunctional colorimetric/fluorescent sensing assay is demonstrated for the detection of HIV-1 specific antibodies. This assay makes use of a short peptide sequence coupled to an environmentally sensitive dye that absorbs and emits in the visible portion of the spectrum. The core peptide sequence is derived from the highly antigenic six-residue epitope of the HIV-1 p17 protein and is situated adjacent to a terminal cysteine residue which enables site-specific fluorescent labeling with Cy3 cyanine dye. Interaction of the Cy3-labeled p17 peptide with monoclonal anti-p17 antibody resulted in an up to 4-fold increase in dye absorption and greater than 5-fold increase in fluorescent emission, yielding a limit of detection as low as 73 pM for the target antibody. This initial study demonstrates both proof-of-concept for this approach and suggests that the resulting sensor could potentially be used as a rapid screening method for HIV-1 infection while requiring minimal equipment and reagents. The potential for utilizing this assay in simple field-portable point-of-care and diagnostic devices is discussed. C1 [Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sapsford, Kim E.] US FDA, Off Sci & Engn Labs, Div Biol, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Igor.Medintz@nrl.navy.mil FU B Directorate/Physical S&T Division DTRA/ARO; ONR; NRL; NRL-NSI; Marie Curie Foundation FX The authors thank Dr. J. Golden (NRL/CBMSE) for the digital photograph shown in Figure 3. This work was supported in part by CDRWOSEL/Division of Biology funds. The mention of commercial products, their sources, or their use in connection with material reported herein is not to be construed as either an actual or implied endorsement of such products by the Department of Health and Human Services. IM acknowledges the CB Directorate/Physical S&T Division DTRA/ARO, ONR, NRL, and the NRL-NSI for financial support. J.B.B-C. gratefully acknowledges the Marie Curie Foundation for a postdoctoral fellowship. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1043-1802 J9 BIOCONJUGATE CHEM JI Bioconjugate Chem. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 21 IS 2 BP 393 EP 398 DI 10.1021/bc9003712 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 555MG UT WOS:000274514300025 PM 20058910 ER PT J AU L'Esperance, JO Marguet, CG Walters, RC Sung, JC Auge, BK Stroup, SP L'Esperance, AH Albala, DM AF L'Esperance, James O. Marguet, Charles G. Walters, R. Chanc Sung, Jeffrey C. Auge, Brian K. Stroup, Sean P. L'Esperance, Audry H. Albala, David M. TI Do nonspecific deep corticomedullary sutures performed during partial nephrectomy adequately control major vascular and collecting system injury? SO BJU INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE partial nephrectomy; laparoscopy; renal surgery; porcine model ID LAPAROSCOPIC PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY; NEPHRON-SPARING SURGERY; RENAL-CELL CARCINOMA; SEALANT; HEMOSTASIS; EXPERIENCE; OUTCOMES; GLUES AB To critically evaluate the effectiveness of placing nonspecific deep corticomedullary sutures in the setting of major vascular and collecting system injury during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN). We also aimed to evaluate the incidence of ischaemic injury to the remaining renal remnant because of these sutures, as many laparoscopic centres have adopted this practice. We performed open PN on eight porcine kidneys. Both the artery and vein were clamped. The ureter was transected and tied around an angiocatheter for evaluating collecting system integrity both before and after corticomedullary suturing. The renal artery was cannulated for angiography before and after the corticomedullary suturing. The rate of bleeding was also assessed before and after corticomedullary suturing. There was marked arterial bleeding and large collecting system injury induced in all kidneys. Two of the eight renal units continued to have significant arterial bleeding after the deep corticomedullary sutures were placed. All of the eight units had at least a small urinary leak after suturing, with three having medium-to-large leaks. In four of the renal units, there were major segmental vessels occluded by the sutures, as detected by angiography. The practice of placing nonspecific deep corticomedullary sutures, during PN, may not adequately control major vascular and collecting system injury. In addition, segmental vessels supplying remnant renal tissue are often affected; thereby further compromising function because of devascularization. The search for the best technique for LPN continues. C1 [Sung, Jeffrey C.; Albala, David M.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Urol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [L'Esperance, James O.; Marguet, Charles G.; Walters, R. Chanc; Auge, Brian K.; Stroup, Sean P.; L'Esperance, Audry H.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP L'Esperance, JO (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Bldg 3,Suite 200,34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM james.lesperance@med.navy.mil NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1464-4096 J9 BJU INT JI BJU Int. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 105 IS 3 BP 411 EP 415 DI 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.08710.x PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 544KW UT WOS:000273656600020 PM 19549115 ER PT J AU Cranston, MM Ryan, MAK Smith, TC Sevick, CJ Brodine, SK AF Cranston, Marcus M. Ryan, Margaret A. K. Smith, Tyler C. Sevick, Carter J. Brodine, Stephanie K. TI Hypothyroidism among military infants born in countries of varied iodine nutrition status SO BMC ENDOCRINE DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM; UNITED-STATES; URINARY IODINE; SCREENING-PROGRAM; NATIONAL-HEALTH; RISK-FACTORS; PREGNANCY; PREVALENCE; ETHNICITY AB Background: Iodine deficiency is a global problem representing the most common preventable cause of mental retardation. Recently, the impact of subtle deficiencies in iodine intake on children and pregnant women has been questioned. This study was designed to compare hypothyroidism among infants born to US military families in countries of varied iodine nutrition status. Methods: A cohort design was used to analyze data from the Department of Defense Birth and Infant Health Registry for infants born in 2000-04 (n = 447,691). Hypothyroidism was defined using ICD-9-CM codes from the first year of life (n = 698). The impact of birth location on hypothyroidism was assessed by comparing rates in Germany, Japan, and US territories with the United States, while controlling for infant gender, plurality, gestational age, maternal age, maternal military status, and military parent's race/ethnicity. Results: Hypothyroidism did not vary by birth location with adjusted odds ratios (OR) as follows: Germany (OR 0.82, [95% CI 0.50, 1.35]), Japan (OR 0.67, [95% CI 0.37, 1.22]), and US territories (OR 1.29, [95% CI 0.57, 2.89]). Hypothyroidism was strongly associated with preterm birth (OR 5.44, [95% CI 4.60, 6.42]). Hypothyroidism was also increased among infants with civilian mothers (OR 1.24, [95% CI 1.00, 1.54]), and older mothers, especially ages 40 years and older (OR 2.09, [95% CI 1.33, 3.30]). Conclusions: In this study, hypothyroidism in military-dependent infants did not vary by birth location, but was associated with other risk factors, including preterm birth, civilian maternal status, and advanced maternal age. C1 [Smith, Tyler C.; Sevick, Carter J.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Cranston, Marcus M.] Keesler Med Ctr, Keesler AFB, MS USA. [Ryan, Margaret A. K.] USN Hosp, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. [Brodine, Stephanie K.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM tyler.c.smith@med.navy.mil FU Department of Defense [60504] FX This represents report 08-16, supported by the Department of Defense, under work unit no. 60504. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of the Air Force, Department of Defense, or the US Government. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research (Protocol NHRC.2007.0026). NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6823 J9 BMC ENDOCR DISORD JI BMC Endocr. Disord. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 2 DI 10.1186/1472-6823-10-2 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 851KV UT WOS:000297269200001 PM 20205833 ER PT J AU Long, JW Laskoski, M Keller, TM Pettigrew, KA Zimmerman, TN Qadri, SB Peterson, GW AF Long, Jeffrey W. Laskoski, Matthew Keller, Teddy M. Pettigrew, Katherine A. Zimmerman, T'revor N. Qadri, Syed B. Peterson, Gregory W. TI Selective-combustion purification of bulk carbonaceous solids to produce graphitic nanostructures SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN STORAGE; NANOTUBE FORMATION; IN-SITU; NANOPARTICLE COMPOSITIONS; CATALYTIC GRAPHITIZATION; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDATION; ENERGY; NANOFIBERS; SPECTRA AB We demonstrate the use of simple thermal oxidation processes to purify bulk carbon composites produced from thermosets, which were formulated from precursor compositions containing a melt-processible organometallic Ni catalyst in an excess of carbon source. The as-pyrolyzed carbonaceous solids comprise Ni nanoparticles and interpenetrating amorphous and graphitic carbon domains, where the fraction of crystalline carbon is determined primarily by the carbonization temperature. We exploit the adventitious amorphous carbon phase as a pore-forming agent, which is subsequently removed by selective combustion, exposing the embedded graphitic nanostructures and associated metal catalyst nanoparticles, while still retaining the macroscopic dimensions of the initial thermoset polymeric solid. The pore network formed by removal of the amorphous carbon facilitates the mass transport of gas-phase molecules, such as ammonia, to the internal surfaces of the purified carbon solid. The ability to produce nanostructured. graphitic carbons in bulk solid forms using simple processing methods will facilitate their development for applications ranging from electrochemical energy storage to gas sorption/filtration. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Long, Jeffrey W.; Laskoski, Matthew; Keller, Teddy M.; Pettigrew, Katherine A.; Zimmerman, T'revor N.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Qadri, Syed B.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Peterson, Gregory W.] USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate,CBR Filtrat Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Long, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.long@nrl.navy.mil FU US Office of Naval Research; Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX Financial support for this research was provided by the US Office of Naval Research and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. Bryan Schindler (SAIC, Abingdon, MD) per-formed the ammonia-breakthrough measurements. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD FEB PY 2010 VL 48 IS 2 BP 501 EP 508 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2009.09.068 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 532QK UT WOS:000272764300025 ER PT J AU Blacksell, SD Jenjaroen, K Phetsouvanh, R Wuthiekanun, V Day, NPJ Newton, PN Ching, WM AF Blacksell, Stuart D. Jenjaroen, Kemajittra Phetsouvanh, Rattanaphone Wuthiekanun, Vanaporn Day, Nicholas P. J. Newton, Paul N. Ching, Wei-Mei TI Accuracy of AccessBio Immunoglobulin M and Total Antibody Rapid Immunochromatographic Assays for the Diagnosis of Acute Scrub Typhus Infection SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; ORIENTIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; DENGUE; THAILAND; LAOS AB Using archived samples, we assessed the diagnostic capacity of a rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT) for the detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi IgM and total antibodies to aid with the diagnosis of acute scrub typhus infection in febrile patients in Laos. The sensitivity and the specificity of the ICT for the detection of IgM were 96.8% (121/125 samples; 95% confidence interval [CI], 92.1 to 99.1%) and 93.3% (98/105 samples; 95% CI, 86.7 to 97.3%), respectively. For the detection of total antibodies, the sensitivity was 97.6% (122/125 samples; 95% CI, 93.1 to 99.5%), but the specificity was much lower, at 71.4% (75/105 samples; 95% CI, 61.8 to 79.8%). C1 [Blacksell, Stuart D.; Jenjaroen, Kemajittra; Wuthiekanun, Vanaporn; Day, Nicholas P. J.] Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Oxford Trop Med Res Unit MORU, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Blacksell, Stuart D.; Day, Nicholas P. J.; Newton, Paul N.] Univ Oxford, Ctr Trop Med, Churchill Hosp, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England. [Blacksell, Stuart D.; Phetsouvanh, Rattanaphone; Day, Nicholas P. J.; Newton, Paul N.] Mahosot Hosp, Wellcome Trust Mahosot Hosp, Oxford Trop Med Res Collaborat, Microbiol Lab, Viangchan, Laos. [Ching, Wei-Mei] USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Infect Dis Directorate, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Blacksell, SD (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Oxford Trop Med Res Unit MORU, 420-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. EM stuart@tropmedres.ac OI Blacksell, Stuart/0000-0001-6576-726X FU Minister of Health, Ponmek Dalaloy; Curative Department, Ministry of Health, Sommone Phousavath; Wellcome Trust FX We are very grateful to all the patients who participated in this study. We acknowledge the doctors at the Mahosot Hopsital (Laos) and the staff of the Microbiology Laboratory for processing the specimens. We are very grateful to the Minister of Health, Ponmek Dalaloy, and the director of the Curative Department, Ministry of Health, Sommone Phousavath, for their support for this study, which was part of the Wellcome Trust-Mahosot Hospital-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Collaboration funded by the Wellcome Trust of Great Britain. We are grateful to Sunee Chueasuwanachai and the nursing staff at the Udorn Thani General Hospial (Thailand) for collecting the samples from patients with leptospirosis. We also thank Arjen Dondorp and Kamolrat Silamut for providing the samples from patients with malaria. We thank Robert Gibbons and Richard Jarman of the Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand, for performing the dengue diagnostic assays.; This study was funded by the Wellcome Trust of Great Britain. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 17 IS 2 BP 263 EP 266 DI 10.1128/CVI.00448-08 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 549WN UT WOS:000274085200009 PM 20016046 ER PT J AU Maves, RC Ore, RMC Porter, KR Kochel, TJ AF Maves, Ryan C. Castillo Ore, Roger M. Porter, Kevin R. Kochel, Tadeusz J. TI Immunogenicity of a Psoralen-Inactivated Dengue Virus Type 1 Vaccine Candidate in Mice SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WAVELENGTH ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT; PHOTOCHEMICAL TREATMENT; AMOTOSALEN; UV AB We evaluated a novel psoralen-inactivated dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1) vaccine candidate in Mus musculus mice. Mice received intradermal alum or 5 to 10 ng of psoralen-inactivated virus. Anti-DENV-1 neutralizing antibody was detectable in 10/11 mice receiving a 10-ng dose at 90 days. Psoralen-inactivated DENV-1 is immunogenic in mice. C1 [Maves, Ryan C.; Castillo Ore, Roger M.; Kochel, Tadeusz J.] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Porter, Kevin R.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Maves, RC (reprint author), USN, Res Ctr Detachment, Unit 3230,Box 0331, DPO, AA 34031 USA. EM Ryan.Maves@med.navy.mil FU Military Infectious Diseases Research Program [S0082_06_NM] FX This work was funded by work unit number S0082_06_NM, Military Infectious Diseases Research Program. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 17 IS 2 BP 304 EP 306 DI 10.1128/CVI.00353-09 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 549WN UT WOS:000274085200015 PM 20007362 ER PT J AU Crum-Cianflone, N Collins, G Medina, S Asher, D Campin, R Bavaro, M Hale, B Hames, C AF Crum-Cianflone, Nancy Collins, Gary Medina, Sheila Asher, Dean Campin, Richard Bavaro, Mary Hale, Braden Hames, Charles TI Prevalence and Factors Associated With Liver Test Abnormalities Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Persons SO CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; AMINOTRANSFERASE LEVELS; HIV-INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; DISEASE; MORTALITY; PREDICTORS; MECHANISMS; TOXICITY; ENZYMES AB BACKGROUND & AIMS: Liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons. We evaluated the prevalence, etiology, and factors associated with liver dysfunction in patients during the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. METHODS: We performed liver tests (baseline and after a 6-month follow-up period) in HIV-infected patients treated at a large clinic. Comprehensive laboratory and ultrasound analyses were performed. Factors associated with liver test abnormalities were assessed using multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: Eighty of 299 HIV-positive patients (27%) had abnormal liver test results during the 6-month study period. The majority of abnormalities were grade I. Of those with liver test abnormalities, the most common diagnosis was nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (30%), followed by excessive alcohol use (13%), chronic hepatitis B (9%), chronic active hepatitis C (5%), and other (hemochromatosis and autoimmune hepatitis, 2%); 8 participants (10%) had more than I diagnosis. In total, 39 HIV patients with abnormal liver test results (49%) had a defined underlying liver disease. Despite laboratory tests and ultrasound examination, 41 abnormal liver test results (51%) were unexplained. Multivariate analyses of this group found that increased total cholesterol levels (odds ratio, 1.6 per 40-mg/dL increase; P = .01) were associated with liver abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: Liver test abnormalities are common among HIV patients during the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. The most common diagnosis was nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Despite laboratory and radiologic investigations into the cause of liver dysfunction, 51% were unexplained, but might be related to unrecognized fatty liver disease. C1 [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept KCA, HIV Clin, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Asher, Dean; Campin, Richard] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Hames, Charles] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Collins, Gary] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Crum-Cianflone, N (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept KCA, HIV Clin, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nancy.crum@med.navy.mil FU Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH) [Y1-AI-5072] FX Support for this work was provided by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP), a Department of Defense (DoD) program executed through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD. This projected has been funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Inter-Agency Agreement Y1-AI-5072. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1542-3565 J9 CLIN GASTROENTEROL H JI Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 8 IS 2 BP 183 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.025 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 592ZP UT WOS:000277421000019 PM 19800985 ER PT J AU Chun, HM Fieberg, AM Hullsiek, KH Lifson, AR Crum-Cianflone, NF Weintrob, AC Ganesan, A Barthel, RV Bradley, WP Agan, BK Landrum, ML AF Chun, Helen M. Fieberg, Ann M. Hullsiek, Katherine Huppler Lifson, Alan R. Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. Weintrob, Amy C. Ganesan, Anuradha Barthel, Robert V. Bradley, William P. Agan, Brian K. Landrum, Michael L. CA HIV Working Grp TI Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in a US Cohort of HIV-Infected Individuals during the Past 20 Years SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; C VIRUS; HEPATOTOXICITY; PREVALENCE; RECOMMENDATIONS; ANTIBODIES; MANAGEMENT AB Background. The epidemiologic trends of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients over the past 20 years are largely unknown. Methods. Prevalence and risk factors for HBV infection overall, at the time of HIV infection, and after HIV infection were examined in an ongoing observational HIV cohort study. Risk factors for HBV infection at the time of diagnosis of HIV infection were evaluated using logistic regression, and risk of incident HBV infection after diagnosis of HIV infection was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models. Results. Of the 2769 evaluable participants, 1078 (39%) had HBV infection, of whom 117 (11%) had chronic HBV infection. The yearly cross-sectional prevalence of HBV infection decreased from a peak of 49% in 1995 to 36% in 2008 (P < .001). The prevalence of HBV infection at the time of diagnosis of HIV infection decreased during 1989-2008 from 34% to 9% (P < .001). The incidence of HBV infection after diagnosis of HIV infection decreased from 4.0 cases per 100 person-years during the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era to 1.1 cases per 100 person-years during the HAART era (P < .001); however, this incidence remained unchanged during 2000-2008 (P = .49), with 120% of HBV infections occurring after HIV infection being chronic. Decreased risk of HBV infection after diagnosis of HIV infection was associated with higher CD4 cell count and the use of HBV-active HAART. Receipt of >= 1 dose of HBV vaccine was not associated with reduced risk of HBV infection after diagnosis of HIV infection. Conclusions. Although the burden of HBV infection overall is slowly decreasing among HIV-infected individuals, the persistent rate of HBV infection after diagnosis of HIV infection raises concern that more-effective prevention strategies may be needed to significantly reduce the prevalence of HBV infection in this patient population. C1 [Chun, Helen M.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. [Fieberg, Ann M.; Hullsiek, Katherine Huppler; Lifson, Alan R.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Fieberg, Ann M.; Hullsiek, Katherine Huppler; Lifson, Alan R.; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.; Weintrob, Amy C.; Ganesan, Anuradha; Bradley, William P.; Agan, Brian K.; Landrum, Michael L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Ganesan, Anuradha] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Weintrob, Amy C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Barthel, Robert V.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Bradley, William P.; Landrum, Michael L.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Landrum, ML (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, MCHE MDI, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM mlandrum@idcrp.org RI Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014; OI Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 FU Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS); Department of Defence; Henry M. Jackson Foundation; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [HU0001-05-2-0011] FX Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP) of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS). The IDCRP is a Department of Defence tri-service program executed through USUHS and the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, in collaboration with Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Division of Clinical Research through Interagency Agreement HU0001-05-2-0011. NR 38 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 50 IS 3 BP 426 EP 436 DI 10.1086/649885 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 542NG UT WOS:000273500300019 PM 20047484 ER PT J AU Breslow, LA Trafton, JG McCurry, JM Ratwani, RM AF Breslow, Leonard A. Trafton, J. Gregory McCurry, J. Malcolm Ratwani, Raj M. TI An Algorithm for Generating Color Scales for Both Categorical and Ordinal Coding SO COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION LA English DT Article DE color coding; color order systems; color categorization; visualizations; displays; computer graphics ID VISUAL-SEARCH; COMPLEX VISUALIZATIONS; DISPLAYS; GRAPH; MAPS; CHROMATICITY; INFORMATION; BRIGHTNESS; MECHANISMS; UNIVARIATE AB Previous research has shown multihue scales to be well-suited to code categorical features and shown lightness scales to be well-suited to code ordinal quanti. ties. We introduce an algorithm, Motley, that produces color scales varying in both hue and lightness, intended to be effective for both categorical and ordinal coding, allowing users to determine both absolute and relative quantities efficiently and accurately. The algorithm first determines the lightnesses of scale colors to maximize perceived lightness differences and establish the lightness ordering, generating separate search spaces for each scale position. It then selects hues by heuristic search to maximize the discriminability of the scale. It produces scales that are ordered with respect to lightness but unordered with respect to hue and thus more discriminable than typical multihue lightness scales. In an experimental evaluation on human subjects, Motley's scales enabled accurate judgments of relative quantity, with response times superior to unordered multihue scales and comparable to ordered lightness scales, and enabled accuracy and speed of judgments of absolute quantity superior to lightness scales and comparable to multihue scales. (dagger)Published 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 35, 18-28, 2010; Published online 17 November 2009 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20559 C1 [Breslow, Leonard A.; Trafton, J. Gregory; McCurry, J. Malcolm; Ratwani, Raj M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ratwani, Raj M.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Breslow, LA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5515,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM len.breslow@nrl.navy.mil FU US Office of Naval Research [N0001405WX2011, N0001405WX30020] FX Contract grant sponsor: US Office of Naval Research;; contract grant numbers: N0001405WX2011, N0001405WX30020. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-2317 EI 1520-6378 J9 COLOR RES APPL JI Color Res. Appl. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 35 IS 1 BP 18 EP 28 DI 10.1002/col.20559 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 541KH UT WOS:000273413300002 ER PT J AU Satter, EK AF Satter, Elizabeth K. TI The Role of a Dermatologist on Military Humanitarian Missions SO CUTIS LA English DT Article AB The US military in conjunction with allied military services and nongovernmental organizations have embarked on various humanitarian missions to underserved areas worldwide. These missions illustrate what interoperability between nations can accomplish. Dermatologists involved with humanitarian missions encounter many conditions rarely seen in developed countries and learn to practice general dermatology with limited resources in austere environments. Cutis. 2010;85:85-89 C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol & Pathol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Satter, EK (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol & Pathol, 34520 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 300, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM elizabeth.satter@med.navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI PARSIPPANY PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, PARSIPPANY, NJ 07054-4603 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD FEB PY 2010 VL 85 IS 2 BP 85 EP 89 PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 560NZ UT WOS:000274910700006 PM 20349682 ER PT J AU McLay, RN McBrien, C Wiederhold, MD Wiederhold, BK AF McLay, Robert N. McBrien, Colleen Wiederhold, Mark D. Wiederhold, Brenda K. TI Exposure Therapy with and without Virtual Reality to Treat PTSD while in the Combat Theater: A Parallel Case Series SO CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING LA English DT Article ID PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; MENTAL-HEALTH; STRESS AB Exposure therapy (ET) has been observed to be an effective modality for the treatment of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recently, efforts have been made to use virtual reality (VR) to enhance outcome with modes of ET. How such therapy applies to service members who are facing the reality of a combat deployment has been unknown. This case series documents the first use of VR-based therapy to the treatment of PTSD in a combat theater. Results of therapy are reported from a mental health clinic in Camp Fallujah, Iraq. Combat PTSD constituted a relatively small percentage of overall mental health patients seen. Those who did present with PTSD were offered VR-based ET or traditional ET. Patients who received either treatment modality showed significant gains, and no service member in treatment had to be medically evacuated because of ongoing PTSD symptoms. This demonstrates that ET, with or without the use of VR, can be an effective means of helping service members with mental health issues while they serve in theater. C1 [McLay, Robert N.] USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Mental Hlth, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [McBrien, Colleen] Marine Corp Base Camp Pendleton, Wounded Warrior Dept, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. [Wiederhold, Mark D.; Wiederhold, Brenda K.] Virtual Real Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP McLay, RN (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Mental Hlth, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM robert.mclay@med.navy.mil NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 2152-2715 J9 CYBERPSYCH BEH SOC N JI Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 13 IS 1 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1089/cyber.2009.0346 PG 6 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 601BZ UT WOS:000278034300006 PM 20528291 ER PT J AU Spira, JL Johnston, S McLay, R Popovic, S Russoniello, C Wood, D AF Spira, James L. Johnston, Scott McLay, Robert Popovic, Sinisa Russoniello, Carmen Wood, Dennis TI Expert Panel: Future Directions of Technological Advances in Prevention, Assessment, and Treatment for Military Deployment Mental Health SO CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Spira, James L.] RTI Int, San Diego, CA USA. [Johnston, Scott; McLay, Robert] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Mental Hlth, San Diego, CA USA. [Popovic, Sinisa] Univ Zagreb, Fac Elect Engn & Comp, Zagreb 41000, Croatia. [Russoniello, Carmen] E Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC USA. [Wood, Dennis] Virtual Real Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Spira, JL (reprint author), RTI Int, San Diego, CA USA. EM jimspira@aol.com NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 2152-2715 J9 CYBERPSYCH BEH SOC N JI Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 13 IS 1 BP 109 EP 117 DI 10.1089/cyber.2009.0370 PG 9 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 601BZ UT WOS:000278034300016 PM 20528301 ER PT J AU McCafferty, E AF McCafferty, E. TI Relationship between the isoelectric point (pH(pzc)) and the potential of zero charge (E-pzc) for passive metals SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Passivity; Oxide films; Isoelectric point; Potential of zero charge; Flatband potential ID ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; BORATE BUFFER SOLUTION; ACID-BASE PROPERTIES; ANODIC OXIDE-FILMS; SEMICONDUCTING PROPERTIES; PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; PH-DEPENDENCE; ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE; ZIRCONIUM METAL AB The potential of zero charge of oxide-covered metals (E-pzc) is shown to be linear function of the isoelectric point of the oxide film (pH(pz)c). The linearity is displayed for 14 different metals having n-type semiconductor oxide films and for three metals having p-type semiconductor oxide films. Using experimental values from the literature, the slope of the linear plot of E-pzc vs. pH(pzc) is observed to be -0.142 V for n-type oxides and -0.115 V for p-type oxides. The theoretical slope is -0.120 V. which is derived in this communication. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McCafferty, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mccafferty@anvil.nrl.navy.mil FU Center for Corrosion Science and Technology at the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC; Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA FX The author appreciates the encouragement and support of K.E. Lucas, Director of the Center for Corrosion Science and Technology at the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, and of Dr. A. Perez of the Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA. NR 97 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1630 EP 1637 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.10.040 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 569KY UT WOS:000275596900019 ER PT J AU Woodruff, SI Dougherty, AL Dye, JL Mohrle, CR Galarneau, MR AF Woodruff, Susan I. Dougherty, Amber L. Dye, Judy L. Mohrle, Charlene R. Galarneau, Michael R. TI Use of recombinant factor VIIA for control of combat-related haemorrhage SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED FACTOR-VII; INJURY SEVERITY SCORE; V LIVER INJURIES; DAMAGE-CONTROL; TRAUMA; COAGULOPATHY; RFVIIA; CARE; TRANSFUSION; CASUALTIES AB Background Recombinant activated human coagulation factor VII (rFVIIa), an intravascular strategy to promote clotting, is being used as an adjunct to surgical control of bleeding in combat trauma patients. Objective To describe the initial experiences with rFVIIa administered to combat casualties at US Navy-Marine Corps medical treatment facilities in Iraq, and to compare survival outcomes of those treated with rFVIIa to controls not receiving rFVIIa. Methods Medical encounter data from the US Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry were retrospectively reviewed to identify all battle-injured patients documented as having received rFVIIa during the period May 2004 to January 2006 of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Available clinical and injury related data are presented to characterise the patients. To assess effects of rFVIIa on survival outcomes, rFVIIa cases were matched to controls on injury severity and age. Results 22 battle-injured patients from the Combat Trauma Registry received rFVIIa. Primarily young US Marines, these patients typically had penetrating injuries from improvised explosive devices and gunshot wounds. Injuries were often abdominal. The average dose used was similar to that reported in another study of civilian trauma patients, although dosing varies widely in the existing experimental and anecdotal literature. Over two-thirds (68%) of the rFVIIa patients survived-an identical outcome seen for a matched control group of 22 patients. Conclusions Survival of seriously injured combat casualties was good, although identical to that of a control group. Methodological limitations of this retrospective study preclude making firm conclusions about the effectiveness of rFVIIa. Future controlled studies are needed for safety and efficacy testing of rFVIIa in combat trauma patients. C1 [Dougherty, Amber L.; Galarneau, Michael R.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Med Modeling Simulat & Mission Support, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Dye, Judy L.; Mohrle, Charlene R.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Hlth Solut Business Unit, San Diego, CA USA. [Woodruff, Susan I.] San Diego State Univ, Sch Social Work, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Dougherty, AL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Med Modeling Simulat & Mission Support, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM amber.dougherty@med.navy.mil FU US Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington, DC FX This research was supported by the US Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington, DC under Work Unit No. 60332. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense or the US Government. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.; NHRC certifies that this research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research (# NHRC-2003-0025). NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1472-0205 J9 EMERG MED J JI Emerg. Med. J. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 27 IS 2 BP 121 EP 124 DI 10.1136/emj.2008.060657 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 555MK UT WOS:000274514700011 PM 20156864 ER PT J AU Lin, BC Wang, Z Malanoski, AP O'Grady, EA Wimpee, CF Vuddhakul, V Alves, N Thompson, FL Gomez-Gil, B Vora, GJ AF Lin, Baochuan Wang, Zheng Malanoski, Anthony P. O'Grady, Elizabeth A. Wimpee, Charles F. Vuddhakul, Varaporn Alves, Nelson, Jr. Thompson, Fabiano L. Gomez-Gil, Bruno Vora, Gary J. TI Comparative genomic analyses identify the Vibrio harveyi genome sequenced strains BAA-1116 and HY01 as Vibrio campbellii SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; JUNIOR SYNONYM; SP-NOV.; QUORUM; BENECKEA; MARINE; PHOTOBACTERIUM; PATHOGENICITY; LUMINESCENCE; CARCHARIAE AB Three notable members of the Harveyi clade, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, are best known as marine pathogens of commercial and medical import. In spite of this fact, the discrimination of Harveyi clade members remains difficult due to genetic and phenotypic similarities, and this has led to misidentifications and inaccurate estimations of a species' involvement in certain environments. To begin to understand the underlying genetics that complicate species level discrimination, we compared the genomes of Harveyi clade members isolated from different environments (seawater, shrimp, corals, oysters, finfish, humans) using microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and multilocus sequence analyses (MLSA). Surprisingly, we found that the only two V. harveyi strains that have had their genomes sequenced (strains BAA-1116 and HY01) have themselves been misidentified. Instead of belonging to the species harveyi, they are actually members of the species campbellii. In total, 28% of the strains tested were found to be misidentified and 42% of these appear to comprise a novel species. Taken together, our findings correct a number of species misidentifications while validating the ability of both CGH and MLSA to distinguish closely related members of the Harveyi clade. C1 [Lin, Baochuan; Wang, Zheng; Malanoski, Anthony P.; Vora, Gary J.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [O'Grady, Elizabeth A.; Wimpee, Charles F.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Vuddhakul, Varaporn] Prince Songkla Univ, Dept Microbiol, Hat Yai, Thailand. [Alves, Nelson, Jr.; Thompson, Fabiano L.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Genet, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Vora, GJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gvora@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Gomez-Gil, Bruno/A-5287-2011; Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009; OI Gomez-Gil, Bruno/0000-0002-3695-3597; Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785; Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597 FU Office of Naval Research via US Naval Research Laboratory FX We thank Drs Jinny Liu and Brian Barrows for critical evaluation of this manuscript. The human clinical V. harveyi isolates were kindly provided by Dr Cheryl Tarr (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA). We also thank Dr James M. Cervino (Pace University, New York, NY, USA and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, MA, USA) for providing the V. alginolyticus R-1249 outgroup strain. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research via US Naval Research Laboratory core funds. The opinions and assertions contained herein are those of the authors and are not to be construed as those of the US Navy, military service at large or US Government. NR 37 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1758-2229 J9 ENV MICROBIOL REP JI Environ. Microbiol. Rep. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 SI SI BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2009.00100.x PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 619LO UT WOS:000279431900011 ER PT J AU Asgaard, GL Gilbert, DG Malpass, D Sugai, C Dillon, A AF Asgaard, Gregory L. Gilbert, David G. Malpass, Debra Sugai, Chihiro Dillon, Amber TI Nicotine Primes Attention to Competing Affective Stimuli in the Context of Salient Alternatives SO EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nicotine; smoking; affect; priming; attentional bias; eye tracking ID NEGATIVE-AFFECT; SMOKING; ADDICTION; REINFORCEMENT; MODEL; RATS; BIAS; VULNERABILITY; ANXIETY; STRESS AB Despite the importance of the subject, the effects of nicotine on the interplay between affect and attentional bias are not clear. This interplay was assessed with a novel design of the Primed Attentional Competition Task (PACT). It included a 200-ms duration emotional priming picture (negative, positive, or neutral) followed by a dual-target picture of two emotional faces side-by-side. A second task included an emotional priming picture followed by a single emotional target picture in a classic affective priming (CAP) task, assessing reaction time to identify the valence. Smokers completed the tasks in a double-blind repeated measures design wearing a nicotine patch on one day and a placebo patch on the other day. Consistent with hypotheses, nicotine enhanced the effectiveness of positive primes to bias first gaze-fixations (FGFs) toward neutral pictures relative to negative pictures and attenuated the effectiveness of negative primes on FGFs toward negative pictures, but did not bias performance in the CAP task where competing target stimuli were not present. These effects of nicotine on affective priming and attentional bias toward competing reinforcers may contribute to smoking motivation. C1 [Asgaard, Gregory L.; Gilbert, David G.; Malpass, Debra; Sugai, Chihiro; Dillon, Amber] So Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Asgaard, GL (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM greg.asgaard@gmail.com RI Reis, Aline/G-9573-2012 FU National Institute on Drug Abuse [R01 DA017837, DA014104] FX This research was supported in part by funding from the National Institute on Drug Abuse R01 DA017837 and DA014104 awarded to David G. Gilbert and the transdermal nicotine and placebo patches were donated by GlaxoSmithKline. Ibis research served as a dissertation for Gregory L. Asgaard. We thank the dissertation committee (David G. Gilbert, Chair, Eric Jacobs, Benjamin Rodriguez, Rebecca Weston, and Ruth Anne Rehfeldt) for their contributions to this research and also thank Dr. Lisa T. Eyler for her comments on a draft of the manuscript. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1064-1297 J9 EXP CLIN PSYCHOPHARM JI Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 18 IS 1 BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1037/a0018516 PG 10 WC Psychology, Biological; Psychology, Clinical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 556AM UT WOS:000274558800005 PM 20158294 ER PT J AU Leski, TA Malanoski, AP Stenger, DA Lin, BC AF Leski, Tomasz A. Malanoski, Anthony P. Stenger, David A. Lin, Baochuan TI Target amplification for broad spectrum microbial diagnostics and detection SO FUTURE MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE 16S rRNA; microarrays; multiplex PCR; random amplification; small subunit rRNA; strand displacement amplification; whole genome amplification ID WHOLE-GENOME AMPLIFICATION; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MICROARRAY-BASED DETECTION; MULTIPLE DISPLACEMENT AMPLIFICATION; RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; BASE STACKING HYBRIDIZATION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAY; DNA MICROARRAY; PATHOGEN DETECTION; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS AB Microarrays are massively parallel detection platforms that were first used extensively for gene expression studies, but have also been successfully applied to microbial detection in a number of diverse fields requiring broad-range microbial identification, This technology has enabled researchers to gain an insight into the microbial diversity of environmental samples, facilitated discovery of a number of new pathogens and enabled studies of multipathogen infections. In contrast to gene expression studies, the concentrations of targets in analyzed samples for microbial detection are usually much lower, and require the use of nucleic acid amplification techniques, The rapid advancement of manufacturing technologies has increased the content of the microarrays; thus, the required amplification is a challenging problem. The constant parallel improvements in both microarray and sample amplification techniques in the near future may lead to a radical progression in medical diagnostics and systems for efficient detection of microorganisms in the environment. C1 [Leski, Tomasz A.; Malanoski, Anthony P.; Stenger, David A.; Lin, Baochuan] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Leski, Tomasz A.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Lin, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6920,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tomasz.leski.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; anthony.malanoski@nrl.navy.mil; david.stenger@nrl.navy.mil; baochuan.lin@nrl.navy.mil RI Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; Leski, Tomasz/K-6916-2013; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Leski, Tomasz/0000-0001-7688-9887; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 NR 124 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1746-0913 J9 FUTURE MICROBIOL JI Future Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 5 IS 2 SI SI BP 191 EP 203 DI 10.2217/FMB.09.126 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 559EI UT WOS:000274804400012 PM 20143944 ER PT J AU Romanyukha, A Reyes, RA Trompier, F Benevides, LA AF Romanyukha, Alex Reyes, Ricardo A. Trompier, Francois Benevides, Luis A. TI FINGERNAIL DOSIMETRY: CURRENT STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE accident analysis; accidents, handling; dosimetry, external; radiological terrorism ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; DOSE ASSESSMENT; EPR DOSIMETRY; RADIATION AB A summary of recent developments in fingernail EPR dosimetry is presented in this paper. Until 2007, there had been a very limited number of studies of radiation-induced signals in fingernails. Although these studies showed some promising results, they were not complete with regard to the nature of non-radiation signals and the variability of dose dependence in fingernails. Recent study has shown that the two non-radiation components of the EPR spectrum of fingernails are originated from mechanical stress induced in the samples at their cut. The mechanical properties of fingernails were found to be very similar to those of a sponge; therefore, an effective way to eliminate their mechanical deformation is by soaking them in water. Stress caused by deformation can also significantly modify the dose response and radiation sensitivity. Consequently, it is critically important to take into account the mechanical stress in fingernail samples under EPR dose measurements. Obtained results have allowed formulating a prototype of a protocol for dose measurements in human fingernails. Health Phys. 98(2):296-300; 2010 C1 [Romanyukha, Alex; Benevides, Luis A.] USN, Dosimetry Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Romanyukha, Alex; Reyes, Ricardo A.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Trompier, Francois] Inst Radiol Protect & Nucl Safety, Fontenay Aux Roses, France. RP Romanyukha, A (reprint author), USN, Dosimetry Ctr, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM aromanyukha@usuhs.mil OI TROMPIER, Francois/0000-0002-8776-6572 FU U.S. Department of Defense FX The study was funded through U.S. Department of Defense operational and maintenance budget. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 98 IS 2 BP 296 EP 300 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000347999.01948.74 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 542RH UT WOS:000273512200028 PM 20065697 ER PT J AU Shen, YC Wu, VY Melnick, G AF Shen, Yu-Chu Wu, Vivian Y. Melnick, Glenn TI Trends in Hospital Cost and Revenue, 1994-2005: How Are They Related to HMO Penetration, Concentration, and For-Profit Ownership? SO HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Managed care; ownership; concentration; hospital cost and revenue ID CARE MARKET SHARE; HEALTH-INSURANCE MARKETS; MANAGED CARE; PLAN PERFORMANCE; COMPETITION; EXPENDITURES; MEDICARE; MONOPSONY; INDUSTRY; PRICES AB Objective Analyze trends in hospital cost and revenue, as well as price and quantity (1994-2005) as a function of health maintenance organization (HMO) penetration, HMO concentration, and for-profit (FP) HMO market share. Data Medicare hospital cost reports, AHA Annual Surveys, HMO data from Interstudy, and other supplemental data. Study Design A retrospective study of all short-term, general, nonfederal hospitals in metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the United States from 1994 to 2005, using hospital/MSA fixed-effects translog regression models. Principal Findings A 10 percentage point increase in HMO enrollment is associated with 4.1-4.2 percent reduction in costs and revenues in the pre-2000 period but only a 2.1-2.5 percent reduction in the post-2000 period. Hospital revenue in HMO-dominant markets (highly concentrated HMO market and competitive hospital market) is 19-27 percent lower than other types of markets, and the difference is most likely due mainly to lower prices and to a lesser extent lower utilization. Conclusions The historical difference of lower spending in high HMO penetration markets compared with low HMO markets narrowed after 2000 and the relative concentration between HMO and hospital markets can substantially influence hospital spending. Additional research is needed to understand how different aspects of these two markets have changed and interacted and how they are causally linked to spending trends. C1 [Shen, Yu-Chu] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Wu, Vivian Y.; Melnick, Glenn] Univ So Calif, Sch Policy Planning & Dev, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Shen, YC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM yshen@nps.edu FU Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Changes in Health Care Financing and Organization (HCFO) [56110] FX Joint Acknowledgment/Disclosure Statement: We gratefully acknowledge funding for this research from grant 56110 under the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Changes in Health Care Financing and Organization (HCFO) Initiative. We thank Robert Reddick for providing the hospital competition measures; Laurence Baker for providing historical HMO penetration data; and Shoutzu Lin for excellent programming assistance. The authors do not have any conflict of interest, financial or otherwise. Disclosures: None. Disclaimers: None. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-9124 EI 1475-6773 J9 HEALTH SERV RES JI Health Serv. Res. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 42 EP 61 DI 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2009.01047.x PG 20 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 541YC UT WOS:000273456400004 PM 19840134 ER PT J AU Richter, JT Strange, RG Fisher, SI Miller, DV Delvecchio, DM AF Richter, James T. Strange, Robert G., Jr. Fisher, Stephen I. Miller, Dylan V. Delvecchio, David M. TI Extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease presenting as a cardiac mass in an adult: report of a unique case and lack of relationship to IgG4-related sclerosing lesions SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease; Cardiac mass; IgG4-sclerosing lesions; Adult ID SINUS HISTIOCYTOSIS; LYMPHADENOPATHY; ENTITY AB Rosai-Dorfman disease (also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy) is a rare disease of unknown etiology that typically presents as nodal disease in young children. However, it also can present in various extranodal sites and can be difficult to recognize if not considered in the differential diagnosis. We describe a 55-year-old man who was discovered to have extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease that presented as a cardiac mass involving the left atrium and ventricle during evaluation for atypical chest pain, and discuss the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings as well as treatment approach and consideration of a possible relationship of this entity to IgG4-related sclerosing lesions. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Richter, James T.; Delvecchio, David M.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Lab, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Strange, Robert G., Jr.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Fisher, Stephen I.] Sentara Norfolk Gen Hosp, Dept Pathol, Div Hematopathol, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. [Miller, Dylan V.] Mayo Clin, Mayo Med Labs, Div Anat Pathol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Richter, JT (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Lab, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM james.richter@med.navy.mil NR 12 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 41 IS 2 BP 297 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.07.025 PG 5 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 581AW UT WOS:000276493600019 PM 19962176 ER PT J AU Chabak, KD Gillespie, JK Miller, V Crespo, A Roussos, J Trejo, M Walker, DE Via, GD Jessen, GH Wasserbauer, J Faili, F Babic, DI Francis, D Ejeckam, F AF Chabak, Kelson D. Gillespie, James K. Miller, Virginia Crespo, Antonio Roussos, Jason Trejo, Manuel Walker, Dennis E., Jr. Via, Glen D. Jessen, Gregg H. Wasserbauer, John Faili, Firooz Babic, Dubravko I. Francis, Daniel Ejeckam, Felix TI Full-Wafer Characterization of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on Free-Standing CVD Diamond Substrates SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond substrate; GaN-on-diamond; high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) ID AMPLIFIERS; GANHEMTS; DEVICES AB We report on electrical characterization and uniformity measurements of the first conventionally processed AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) on free-standing chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) diamond substrate wafers. DC and RF device performance is reported on HEMTs fabricated on similar to 130-mu m-thick and 30-mm round CVD diamond substrates without mechanical carrying wafers. A measured f(T) . L(G) product of 12.5 GHz . mu m is the best reported data for all GaN-on-diamond technology. X-band power performance of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on diamond is reported to be 2.08 W/mm and 44.1% power added efficiency. This letter demonstrates the potential for GaN HEMTs to be fabricated on CVD diamond substrates utilizing contact lithography process techniques. Further optimization of the epitaxy and diamond substrate attachment process could provide for improvements in thermal spreading while preserving the electrical properties. C1 [Chabak, Kelson D.; Gillespie, James K.; Miller, Virginia; Crespo, Antonio; Trejo, Manuel; Walker, Dennis E., Jr.; Via, Glen D.; Jessen, Gregg H.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Roussos, Jason] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Walker, Dennis E., Jr.] Wyle Labs, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Wasserbauer, John; Faili, Firooz; Babic, Dubravko I.; Francis, Daniel; Ejeckam, Felix] Grp 4 Labs LLC, Menlo Pk, CA 95025 USA. RP Chabak, KD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kelson.chabak@us.af.mil; james.gillespie@wpafb.af.mil; virginia.miller@wpafb.af.mil; antonio.crespo@wpafb.af.mil; roussos@nrl.navy.mil; manuel.trejo@wpafb.af.mil; dennis.walker@wpafb.af.mil; glen.via@wpafb.af.mil; gregg.jessen@aoard.af.mil; john_wasserbauer@group4labs.com; firooz_faili@group4labs.com; dubravko_babic@group4labs.com; daniel_francis@group4labs.com; felix_ejeckam@group4labs.com NR 13 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 30 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 31 IS 2 BP 99 EP 101 DI 10.1109/LED.2009.2036574 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 549BY UT WOS:000274018000003 ER PT J AU Devgan, PS Pruessner, MW Urick, VJ Williams, KJ AF Devgan, Preetpaul S. Pruessner, Marcel W. Urick, Vincent J. Williams, Keith J. TI Detecting Low-Power RF Signals Using a Multimode Optoelectronic Oscillator and Integrated Optical Filter SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Channelization; optoelectronic oscillator (OEO); silicon integrated optical filters AB We have assembled and characterized a multimode optoelectronic oscillator with integrated optical filter for detecting low-power radio-frequency (RF) signals. The system can selectively amplify RF signals from 1 to 6 GHz. The input signals can be as low as -83 dBm with a compression dynamic range of 72 dB. Using an integrated silicon optical filter facilitates channelization of the amplified RF signal from 1 to 3 GHz by reducing the gain for signals above 3 GHz. Future system improvements are discussed. C1 [Devgan, Preetpaul S.; Pruessner, Marcel W.; Urick, Vincent J.; Williams, Keith J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Devgan, PS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pdevgan@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; marcel.pruessner@nrl.navy.mil; vurick@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; keith.williams@nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 3 BP 152 EP 154 DI 10.1109/LPT.2009.2037154 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 543WB UT WOS:000273608800008 ER PT J AU Asvestas, JS Yankovich, SP Allen, OE AF Asvestas, John S. Yankovich, Stephen Paul Allen, Oliver Eric TI Calculation of the Impedance Matrix Inner Integral to Prescribed Precision SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Boundary-integral equations; cubatures; Gordon-Bilow transformation; impedance-matrix; method of moments (MoM); numerical integration; significant digits; Taylor's theorem with a remainder ID POTENTIAL INTEGRALS; ELEMENTS; ACCURATE AB We present a new method for evaluating the inner integral of the impedance matrix element in the traditional Rao-Wilton-Glisson formulation of the method of moments for perfect conductors. In this method we replace the original integrand (modified by a constant phase factor) by its Taylor series and keep enough terms to guarantee a number of significant digits in the integration outcome. We develop criteria that relate the number of Taylor terms to the number of required significant digits. We integrate the leading Taylor terms analytically and the rest through iteration formulas. We show that the iteration formulas converge for all observation points within a sphere with a radius of half-a-wavelength and center the triangle's centroid. We compare results of our method with existing ones and find them in excellent agreement. We also outline a procedure for using cubatures outside the region of convergence. C1 [Asvestas, John S.; Yankovich, Stephen Paul; Allen, Oliver Eric] NAVAIR, Radar & Antenna Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Asvestas, JS (reprint author), NAVAIR, Radar & Antenna Syst Div, Code 4-5-5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM john.asvestas@navy.mil; oliver.allen@navy.mil NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 58 IS 2 BP 479 EP 487 DI 10.1109/TAP.2009.2037703 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 551LL UT WOS:000274210700025 ER PT J AU Su, WL Alchazidis, NV Ha, TT AF Su, Weilian Alchazidis, Nikolaos V. Ha, Tri T. TI Multiple RFID Tags Access Algorithm SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Passive RFID systems; tags; framed slotted aloha; collisions; data integrity; progressing scanning algorithm ID ALOHA AB One of the main problems that affect the data integrity of passive RFID systems is the collision between the tags. A popular anticollision algorithm which dominates the standards in HF and UHF passive RFID systems is Framed Slotted Aloha (FSA) and some variations of FSA. Throughput and average time delay of the RFID system which determines the performance/efficiency of the system are reduced rapidly when the number of tags inside the interrogation zone is increased. Using larger frame sizes is not always the solution. This paper discusses and compares the existing protocols, and proposes a variation of FSA, called Progressing Scanning ( PS) algorithm. The PS algorithm divides the tags in the interrogation zone into smaller groups and gives the reader the ability to communicate with each of them. For performance analysis, the PS algorithm was evaluated with the parameters of a typical passive RFID system at 2.5 GHz. The results showed that the PS algorithm can improve the efficiency of the RFID system and provide a reliable solution for cases with a high density of tags in the area ( over 800 tags). C1 [Su, Weilian; Alchazidis, Nikolaos V.; Ha, Tri T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Su, WL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 833 Dyer Rd,Rm 452,Spanagel Bldg 232, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM weilian@nps.edu; nalchazi@nps.edu; ha@nps.edu NR 14 TC 29 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1536-1233 J9 IEEE T MOBILE COMPUT JI IEEE. Trans. Mob. Comput. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 9 IS 2 BP 174 EP 187 DI 10.1109/TMC.2009.106 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 541UY UT WOS:000273447600003 ER PT J AU Engel, TG Veracka, MJ Neri, JM AF Engel, Thomas G. Veracka, Michael J. Neri, Jesse M. TI The Specific-Force Performance Parameter for Electromagnetic Launchers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Coilguns; electromagnetic launching; linear motors; railguns ID HIGH-EFFICIENCY; RAILGUN AB A new electromagnetic-launcher (EML) performance parameter called the specific force is presented and analyzed in this paper. The specific force is the second derivative of the EML's force equation with respect to current and represents the force generated by the EML per unit square ampere, i.e., the EML's current efficiency. The specific force is independent of operating current and is defined for EMLs utilizing linear and nonlinear magnetic materials. The second derivative is termed as the specific force, since it unifies the various EML geometries so that only one force equation is required. The specific force, together with the energy-conversion efficiency, can be used as criterion to evaluate and compare EML geometries for various applications. The specific force for conventional railguns, augmented railguns, conventional helical launchers, and high-efficiency helical launchers is derived in this paper. The experimental performance of conventional railguns, augmented railguns, and conventional helical launchers are also analyzed in terms of their specific-force parameters. C1 [Engel, Thomas G.] Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Veracka, Michael J.] USN, Res Lab, Offboard Countermeasures Branch, Tact EW Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Neri, Jesse M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Pulsed Power Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Engel, TG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM engelt@missouri.edu FU U.S. Naval Research Laboratory [N00173-02-C-2012] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory under Contract N00173-02-C-2012. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 38 IS 2 BP 194 EP 198 DI 10.1109/TPS.2009.2036260 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 553UB UT WOS:000274391200019 ER PT J AU Matey, JR Broussard, R Kennell, L AF Matey, James R. Broussard, Randy Kennell, Lauren TI Iris image segmentation and sub-optimal images SO IMAGE AND VISION COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Biometric; Iris recognition; Iris segmentation ID RECOGNITION AB Iris recognition is well developed and works well for optimal or near-optimal iris images. Dealing with sub-optimal images remains a challenge. Resolution, wavelength, occlusion and gaze are among the most important factors for sub-optimal images. In this paper, we explore the sensitivity of matching to these factors through analysis and numerical simulation, with particular emphasis on the segmentation portion of the processing chain. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Matey, James R.; Broussard, Randy] USN Acad, Ctr Biometr Signal Proc, ECE Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kennell, Lauren] Johns Hopkins Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Matey, JR (reprint author), USN Acad, Ctr Biometr Signal Proc, ECE Dept, Maury Hall,MS 14B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM matey@usna.edu RI Matey, James/B-4372-2013 OI Matey, James/0000-0002-0508-785X FU US Naval Academy Center FX This work has been funded through the US Naval Academy Center for Biometric Signal Processing. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0262-8856 EI 1872-8138 J9 IMAGE VISION COMPUT JI Image Vis. Comput. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.imavis.2009.05.006 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA 538GR UT WOS:000273173100002 ER PT J AU Goldschlag, DM Stubblebine, SG Syverson, PF AF Goldschlag, David M. Stubblebine, Stuart G. Syverson, Paul F. TI Temporarily hidden bit commitment and lottery applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SECURITY LA English DT Article DE Timed commitment; Predictability; Lottery design; Public verifiability AB This paper describes various types of commitment functions that maintain a secret for a predictable time delay or until a moderate and predictable amount of computation has occurred. The properties we set out for such functions are based on their usefulness for various applications, such as publicly verifiable lotteries, rather than for cryptologic investigation of the functions. In these lotteries, winners are chosen fairly using only internal information. Since all this information may be published (even before the lottery closes), anyone can do the calculation and therefore verify that the winner was chosen correctly. Since the calculation uses a delaying or similar function, neither ticket purchasers nor the lottery organizer can take advantage of this information. We describe several such lotteries and the security requirements they satisfy, assuming that functions with the properties we state are used. C1 [Syverson, Paul F.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stubblebine, Stuart G.] Stubblebine Consulting LLC, Madison, NJ 07940 USA. [Goldschlag, David M.] Trust Digital Inc, Mclean, VA USA. RP Syverson, PF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david@goldschlag.com; stuart@stubblebine.com; syverson@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1615-5262 J9 INT J INF SECUR JI Int. J. Inf. Secur. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 9 IS 1 BP 33 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s10207-009-0094-1 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 549HO UT WOS:000274038500003 ER PT J AU Broderick, MP Hansen, CJ Irvine, M Metzgar, D Campbell, K Baker, C Russell, KL AF Broderick, M. P. Hansen, C. J. Irvine, M. Metzgar, D. Campbell, K. Baker, C. Russell, K. L. TI Adenovirus 36 seropositivity is strongly associated with race and gender, but not obesity, among US military personnel SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE Ad-36; adenoviruses; viral antibodies; military ID BODY-MASS INDEX; ADIPOSITY; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; CHICKEN; INSULIN; WEIGHT AB Background: Although several studies have shown a positive association between evidence of anti-adenovirus 36 (Ad-36) antibodies (Ad-36 exposure) and ( 1) obesity and ( 2) serum cholesterol in animals, there is limited research demonstrating this association in humans. There is also limited research on transmission, presentation and demographics of Ad-36 infection. Design: ( 1) Body mass ( body mass index ( BMI)), ( 2) fasting serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and ( 3) demographic characteristics were compared between Ad-36 seropositive and seronegative groups. The majority of subjects were matched as cases versus controls on a number of demographic variables. Subjects: A total of 150 obese and 150 lean active-duty military personnel were studied. Measurements: Subjects completed a questionnaire regarding demographic and behavioral characteristics. Subject serum samples were tested by serum neutralization assay for the presence of anti-Ad-36 antibodies. Results: In all, 34% of obese and 39% of lean subjects had Ad-36 exposure, an insignificant difference. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly higher among the obese subjects than among the lean, but there were no associations between serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and Ad-36 exposure. Positive associations were found between Ad-36 exposure and age, race and gender. Conclusion: The study stands in contrast to previous work that has shown a positive relationship between Ad-36 exposure and ( 1) obesity, and ( 2) levels of serum cholesterol and triglycerides. In this study there was no association in either case. Unanticipated relationships between Ad-36 exposure and age, race and gender were found, and this is the first time that such a link between Ad-36 exposure and demographics has been found. International Journal of Obesity ( 2010) 34, 302-308; doi: 10.1038/ijo.2009.224; published online 10 November 2009 C1 [Broderick, M. P.; Hansen, C. J.; Irvine, M.; Metzgar, D.; Campbell, K.; Baker, C.; Russell, K. L.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Resp Dis Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Broderick, MP (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Resp Dis Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM michael.broderick@med.navy.mil FU Department of the Navy; Department of Defense or the US Government; US Department of Defense [60501]; Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System [61102A-M010160501] FX We thank the commands of the USS Nimitz and the Naval Base, San Diego, CA, USA for permission to recruit subjects. We are indebted to Dr Joel Gaydos and Dr MAK Ryan for their incipient and continued support of this study. We also are grateful for the contributions of Dr Peter Kammerer, Meghan Donahue, and Ryan Ortiguerra of the Naval Health Research Center Virology Laboratory. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research (protocol NHRC.2001.0013). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, the Department of Defense or the US Government. US Department of Defense and the Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (award 61102A-M010160501) supported us financially. This study represents report 08-XX, supported by the Department of Defense under work unit no. 60501. NR 30 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 34 IS 2 BP 302 EP 308 DI 10.1038/ijo.2009.224 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 555JZ UT WOS:000274508100011 PM 19901952 ER PT J AU Crum-Cianflone, N Dilay, A Collins, G Asher, D Campin, R Medina, S Goodman, Z Lifson, A Bavaro, M Hale, B AF Crum-Cianflone, Nancy Dilay, Angelica Collins, Gary Asher, Dean Campin, Richard Medina, Sheila Goodman, Zach Lifson, Alan Bavaro, Mary Hale, Braden TI Reply to "Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among HIV-Infected Persons" SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Letter ID HEPATITIS-C-VIRUS; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; STEATOSIS; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; STEATOHEPATITIS; PREVALENCE C1 [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy; Medina, Sheila; Bavaro, Mary; Hale, Braden] USN, HIV Clin, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy; Medina, Sheila; Bavaro, Mary; Hale, Braden] IDCRP, Bethesda, MD USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy; Dilay, Angelica] San Diego State Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Collins, Gary; Lifson, Alan] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Asher, Dean] USN, Dept Radiol, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Goodman, Zach] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Crum-Cianflone, N (reprint author), USN, HIV Clin, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 53 IS 2 BP 278 EP 281 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 549EQ UT WOS:000274029000021 ER PT J AU Bevilacqua, M Tumilty, N Mitra, C Ye, HT Feygelson, T Butler, JE Jackman, RB AF Bevilacqua, Mose Tumilty, Niall Mitra, Chiranjib Ye, Haitao Feygelson, Tatayana Butler, James E. Jackman, Richard B. TI Nanocrystalline diamond as an electronic material: An impedance spectroscopic and Hall effect measurement study SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE boron; carrier density; carrier mobility; diamond; dielectric losses; dielectric thin films; elemental semiconductors; grain boundaries; grain size; Hall effect; nanofabrication; nanostructured materials; semiconductor doping; semiconductor thin films ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; THIN-FILM DIAMOND; CVD DIAMOND; ELECTRICAL-TRANSPORT; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; SURFACE CONDUCTIVITY; BORON; ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE; EMISSION; HYDROGEN AB Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) has been grown using a nanodiamond seeding technique, leading to a dense form of this material, with grain sizes around 100 nm. The electrical properties of both intrinsic and lightly boron-doped NCD have been investigated using impedance spectroscopy and Hall effect measurements. For intrinsic material, both grain boundaries and grains themselves initially contribute to the frequency dependant impedance values recorded. However, boundary conduction can be removed and the films become highly resistive. Interestingly, the ac properties of these films are also excellent with a dielectric loss value similar to 0.004 for frequencies up to 10 MHz. The dielectric properties of these NCD films are therefore as good as high quality large grain polycrystalline diamond films. In the case of boron-doped material, p-type material with good carrier mobility values (10-50 cm(2)/V s) can be produced at carrier concentrations around 10(17) cm(-3). C1 [Bevilacqua, Mose; Tumilty, Niall; Mitra, Chiranjib; Ye, Haitao; Jackman, Richard B.] UCL, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, London WC1H 0AH, England. [Bevilacqua, Mose; Tumilty, Niall; Mitra, Chiranjib; Ye, Haitao; Jackman, Richard B.] UCL, London Ctr Nanotechnol, London WC1H 0AH, England. [Feygelson, Tatayana; Butler, James E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jackman, RB (reprint author), UCL, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, 17-19 Gower St, London WC1H 0AH, England. EM r.jackman@ucl.ac.uk RI Mitra, Chiranjib/B-7582-2011; Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 FU The U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/D029651]; Office of Naval Research/Naval Research Laboratory FX The U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) is acknowledged for financial support under Award No. EP/D029651. T.F. and J.E.B. acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research/Naval Research Laboratory. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 107 IS 3 AR 033716 DI 10.1063/1.3291118 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 555MZ UT WOS:000274517300060 ER PT J AU Mahon, RT AF Mahon, Richard T. TI Tiny bubbles SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID DECOMPRESSION-SICKNESS; GAS-BUBBLES; RATS; EXERCISE; NUCLEI C1 [Mahon, Richard T.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Undersea Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Mahon, Richard T.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Mahon, RT (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Undersea Med Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Richard.Mahon@med.navy.mil NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 108 IS 2 BP 238 EP 239 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.01384.2009 PG 2 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 550VI UT WOS:000274158300002 PM 20019159 ER PT J AU Mastro, MA Tadjer, MJ Kub, FJ Hobart, KD Eddy, CR Kim, J Papantonakis, MR AF Mastro, M. A. Tadjer, M. J. Kub, F. J. Hobart, K. D. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Kim, J. Papantonakis, M. R. TI Rechargeable zinc oxide/carbon nano-structures SO JOURNAL OF CERAMIC PROCESSING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE zinc oxide; carbon nanotube; piezoelectric; nanowire ID SUPERCAPACITOR; ELECTRODE AB A simple solution growth process was employed to deposit ZnO nanowires on carbon nanotubes and nano-structured carbon paper. Vertical ZnO nanowires formed on the carbon paper with a hexagonal orientation. On the carbon nanotubes, the ZnO nanowires and platelets integrated as in agglomerated sphere. Electric charge flow was measured in both structures upon probe contact, and would decay over several hours. A mechanical perturbation was found to recharge the structure, which was attributed to the piezoelectric ZnO nanowires. Continuous as well as intermittent vibration coupled with an electrochemical storage mechanism to create a perpetual current source. C1 [Mastro, M. A.; Tadjer, M. J.; Kub, F. J.; Hobart, K. D.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Papantonakis, M. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, J.] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul, South Korea. RP Mastro, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Papantonakis, Michael/G-3888-2012; Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 FU Korea University FX The Research at Korea University was supported by the BK21 program NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU KOREAN ASSOC CRYSTAL GROWTH, INC PI SEOUL PA SUNGDONG POST OFFICE, P O BOX 27, SEOUL 133-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1229-9162 J9 J CERAM PROCESS RES JI J. Ceram. Process. Res. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 11 IS 1 BP 40 EP 43 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 571VI UT WOS:000275783600009 ER PT J AU O'Neill, LW Esbensen, SK Thum, N Samelson, RM Chelton, DB AF O'Neill, Larry W. Esbensen, Steven K. Thum, Nicolai Samelson, Roger M. Chelton, Dudley B. TI Dynamical Analysis of the Boundary Layer and Surface Wind Responses to Mesoscale SST Perturbations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TROPICAL INSTABILITY WAVES; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; LOW-LEVEL WINDS; GULF-STREAM; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS; AGULHAS CURRENT AB The dynamical response of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) to mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) perturbations is investigated over the Agulhas Return Current during winter from a 1-month, high-resolution, three-dimensional simulation using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model. A steady lower boundary condition for July 2002 is obtained using SST measurements from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer on the Earth Observing System (EOS)-Aqua satellite (AMSR-E). The WRF models' ability to accurately simulate the SST-induced surface wind response is demonstrated from a comparison with satellite surface wind observations from the SeaWinds scatterometer on the Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite. Relevant features of this simulation include a quasi-periodic distribution of mesoscale SST perturbations with spatial scales; similar to 200 km and strong winds that lead to a large surface sensible heat flux response, whose broad range of 80-100 W m(-2) between warm and cool SST perturbations is much larger than seen in most previous simulations of mesoscale wind-SST coupling. This simulation provides the first realistic example of vertical turbulent redistribution of momentum driven by the SST-induced surface heating perturbations acting in concert with the SST-induced pressure gradients to accelerate near-surface flow toward warm water and decelerate near-surface flow toward cool water. This simulation is also the first example of a near-surface wind speed response to mesoscale SST perturbations that differs qualitatively and substantially from the vertically averaged MABL wind response. In the vertically averaged MABL momentum budget, the surface wind stress acts as a drag on the SST-induced perturbation flow as it is being accelerated by SST-induced pressure gradients. However, only in the middle and upper reaches of the MABL does the turbulent stress divergence act as a drag on the SST-induced winds perturbations in this simulation. These mesoscale SST perturbations are also shown to modify the wind direction within the MABL. Dynamically, this is accomplished through SST-induced perturbations to the crosswind components of the pressure gradient, turbulent stress divergence, and the Coriolis force. C1 [O'Neill, Larry W.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Esbensen, Steven K.; Thum, Nicolai; Samelson, Roger M.; Chelton, Dudley B.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Chelton, Dudley B.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Oceanog Satellite Studies, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP O'Neill, LW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,MS 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM larry.oneill@nrlmry.navy.mil FU NASA [NAS5-32965, 1283973]; AMSR-E Science Team; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory in Monterey, California FX We thank Chris Bretherton, Qingtao Song, and Eric Skyllingstad for helpful discussions throughout the course of this analysis and Jim McCaa for providing a preliminary version of the code implementing the Grenier-Bretherton boundary layer parameterization scheme in WRF. We thank Dr. Justin Small and one anonymous reviewer for providing thorough and insightful comments that significantly clarified many of the results and discussion presented here. The AMSR-E SST fields were obtained from the Remote Sensing Systems and are sponsored by the NASA Earth Science MEaSUREs DISCOVER Project and the AMSR-E Science Team. QuikSCAT swath data were also obtained from the Remote Sensing Systems and are sponsored by the NASA Ocean Vector Winds Science Team. This research was supported by NASA Grant NAS5-32965 and Contract 1283973 from the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory for funding of Ocean Vector Winds Science Team activities. Part of this research was performed while the lead author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory in Monterey, California. NR 61 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 23 IS 3 BP 559 EP 581 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI2662.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 553DT UT WOS:000274346700005 ER PT J AU Sperling, LC Hussey, S Sorrells, T Wang, JA Darling, T AF Sperling, Leonard C. Hussey, Sean Sorrells, Timothy Wang, Ji-an Darling, Thomas TI Cytokeratin 75 expression in central, centrifugal, cicatricial alopecia - new observations in normal and diseased hair follicles SO JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOLLICULAR DEGENERATION SYNDROME; KERATINS AB Background: Premature desquamation of the inner root sheath (IRS) is an important histological marker for central, centrifugal, cicatricial alopecia (CCCA), and an inherently defective IRS may be responsible. Cytokeratin 75 (K75; formerly K6hf) is an appealing candidate for study because K75 is specifically expressed in the companion layer of the hair follicle, the interface for IRS desquamation. Also, K75 abnormalities have been found in other hair diseases bearing similarities to CCCA. Methods: We used a commercially available antibody to K75 on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from clinically and histologically "normal" scalp (n=9); clinically diseased scalp from patients with CCCA (n=15); and clinically "normal" scalp from patients with CCCA (n=6). Results: K75 expression disappears during the process of IRS desquamation, and loss of expression begins even when IRS desquamation is in its incipient phase. Also, K75 has a characteristic pattern of expression in telogen follicles. Conclusions: K75 expression is closely associated with the process of desquamation of the IRS. This process occurs prematurely (below the isthmus) in many follicles from patients with, but not without, CCCA. K75 expression highlights premature desquamation of the IRS in CCCA, but may not be directly involved in disease pathogenesis. Sperling LC, Hussey S, Sorrells T, Wang J-A, Darling T. Cytokeratin 75 expression in central, centrifugal, cicatricial alopecia - new observations in normal and diseased hair follicles. C1 [Sperling, Leonard C.; Wang, Ji-an; Darling, Thomas] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Hussey, Sean] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Bethesda, MD USA. [Sorrells, Timothy] Naval Hosp, Dept Lab, Camp Lejeune, NC USA. RP Sperling, LC (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Dermatol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM lsperling@usuhs.mil OI Darling, Thomas/0000-0002-5161-1974 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0303-6987 J9 J CUTAN PATHOL JI J. Cutan. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 37 IS 2 BP 243 EP 248 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01330.x PG 6 WC Dermatology; Pathology SC Dermatology; Pathology GA 533ZN UT WOS:000272865300008 PM 19614992 ER PT J AU Guise, GM Goodell, GG Imamura, GM AF Guise, George M. Goodell, Gary G. Imamura, Glen M. TI In Vitro Comparison of Three Electronic Apex Locators SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE Electronic Apex Locator; Elements; Precision Apex Locator; Root ZX II ID ROOT ZX; CLINICAL-EVALUATION; APICAL FORAMEN; VIVO ACCURACY; LENGTH; CONSTRICTION AB Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of the Root ZX II Apex Locator (RZX), the Elements Apex Locator (ELE), and the Precision Apex Locator (PAL). Methods: Forty single-rooted extracted teeth were decoronated and the root canals coronally flared. Actual canal lengths were determined by inserting a #10 file until the tip was visualized (12.8 x magnification) just within the apical foramina. Teeth were mounted in gelatin conducting medium and randomly tested with each electronic apex locator (EAL) to determine the electronic canal length. Differences between the electronic and actual canal lengths were calculated. Results: The mean differences were -0.02 mm, 0.13 mm, and 0.15 mm for the RZX, PAL, and ELE, respectively. One-way analysis of variance showed a highly significant difference among EALs (p = 0.003). Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc analysis found significant differences between the RZX and the PAL and between the RZX and the ELE at p < 0.05. No significant difference was noted between the PAL and the ELE. The proportion of electronic canal length measurements falling within +/- 0.5 mm of the actual canal lengths for the EALs was as follows: 97.5% for the RZX, 95% for the PAL, and 90% for the ELE. Conclusion: The RZX was the most accurate at locating the apical foramen compared with the ELF and the PAL. (J Endod 2010;36:279-281) C1 [Guise, George M.; Goodell, Gary G.; Imamura, Glen M.] USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Goodell, GG (reprint author), 12214 Hollow Tree Lane, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM gggoodell@aol.com NR 24 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 36 IS 2 BP 279 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2009.09.016 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 617KK UT WOS:000279279400018 PM 20113790 ER PT J AU Huyer, SA Dropkin, A Dick, J Beal, D AF Huyer, Stephen A. Dropkin, Amanda Dick, James Beal, David TI A Method to Generate Propulsor Side Forces SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE blades; computational fluid dynamics; external flows; hydrodynamics; Navier-Stokes equations; propulsion; rotors; stators; swirling flow; underwater vehicles; vehicle dynamics; viscosity AB A computational study was performed to investigate a method to generate vehicle maneuvering forces from a propulsor alone. A ducted, preswirl propulsor was configured with an upstream stator row and downstream rotor. During normal operation, the upstream stator blades are all situated at the same pitch angle and preswirl the flow into the propulsor while generating a roll moment to counter the moment produced by the rotor. By varying the pitch angles of the stator blade about the circumference, it is possible to both generate a mean stator side force and subsequently vary the axial velocity and swirl that is ingested into the propulsor. The rotor then generates a side force in response to the inflow. Both potential flow and fully viscous 3D Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computations were used to predict the stator forces, velocity field, and rotor response. Potential flow methods were used for initial examination of a wide variety of stator configurations. The most promising were then modeled using RANS. The RANS inflow was then computed and used as velocity boundary conditions during rotor blade design using potential flow methods. Blade parameters including blade number, rake, skew, and a combination of the two were varied to characterize their effects. RANS was used to then validate the final propulsor design. Computations demonstrated that total side force coefficients on the order of 0.1 and moment coefficients about the stator leading edge of 0.066 could be generated by the propulsor alone. This translates to an additional 50% control authority at 3 kn for current Navy 21(') unmanned undersea vehicles. C1 [Huyer, Stephen A.; Dropkin, Amanda; Dick, James; Beal, David] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02874 USA. RP Huyer, SA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 8233,Bldg 1302-2, Newport, RI 02874 USA. EM stephen.huyer@navy.mil FU Naval Undersea Warfare Center; Office of Naval Research University Laboratory [N0001408WX20425] FX This work was sponsored by the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Internal Research Program, with Dr. Anthony Ruffa as the program manager and the Office of Naval Research University Laboratory Initiative Program under Contract No. N0001408WX20425, with Dr. Kam Ng as the program sponsor. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2010 VL 132 IS 2 AR 021101 DI 10.1115/1.4000745 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 556WC UT WOS:000274623000001 ER PT J AU Andreas, EL Persson, POG Jordan, RE Horst, TW Guest, PS Grachev, AA Fairall, CW AF Andreas, Edgar L. Persson, P. Ola G. Jordan, Rachel E. Horst, Thomas W. Guest, Peter S. Grachev, Andrey A. Fairall, Christopher W. TI Parameterizing Turbulent Exchange over Sea Ice in Winter SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; SCALAR TRANSFER-COEFFICIENTS; BULK AERODYNAMIC ALGORITHMS; CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; WESTERN WEDDELL SEA; SURFACE HEAT-BUDGET; DRAG COEFFICIENTS; ROUGHNESS LENGTH; SONIC ANEMOMETER; STATION-WEDDELL AB The Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) experiment produced 18 000 h of turbulence data from the atmospheric surface layer over sea ice while the ice camp drifted for a year in the Beaufort Gyre. Multiple sites instrumented during SHEBA suggest only two aerodynamic seasons over sea ice. In "winter'' (October 1997 through 14 May 1998 and 15 September 1998 through the end of the SHEBA deployment in early October 1998), the ice was compact and snow covered, and the snow was dry enough to drift and blow. In "summer'' (15 May through 14 September 1998 in this dataset), the snow melted, and melt ponds and leads appeared and covered as much as 40% of the surface with open water. This paper develops a bulk turbulent flux algorithm to explain the winter data. This algorithm predicts the surface fluxes of momentum, and sensible and latent heat from more readily measured or modeled quantities. A main result of the analysis is that the roughness length for wind speed z(0) does not depend on the friction velocity u(*) in the drifting snow regime (u(*) >= 0.30 m s(-1)) but, rather, is constant in the SHEBA dataset at about 2.3 x 10(-4) m. Previous analyses that found z(0) to increase with u(*) during drifting snow may have suffered from fictitious correlation because u(*) also appears in z(0). The present analysis mitigates this fictitious correlation by plotting measured z(0) against the corresponding u(*) computed from the bulk flux algorithm. Such plots, created with data from six different SHEBA sites, show z(0) to be independent of the bulk u(*) for 0.15, u(*) <= 0.65 m s(-1). This study also evaluates the roughness lengths for temperature z(T) and humidity z(Q), incorporates new profile stratification corrections for stable stratification, addresses the singularities that often occur in iterative flux algorithms in very light winds, and includes an extensive analysis of whether atmospheric stratification affects z(0), z(T), and z(Q). C1 [Andreas, Edgar L.] NW Res Associates Inc, Seattle Div, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. [Persson, P. Ola G.; Grachev, Andrey A.; Fairall, Christopher W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Persson, P. Ola G.; Grachev, Andrey A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jordan, Rachel E.] Jordan Environm Modeling PC, Hanover, NH USA. [Horst, Thomas W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Guest, Peter S.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Andreas, EL (reprint author), NW Res Associates Inc, Seattle Div, 25 Eagle Ridge, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. EM eandreas@nwra.com OI GRACHEV, ANDREY/0000-0002-7143-0820 FU The U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [06-11942]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX07AL77G] FX The U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) supported our initial participation in SHEBA with awards to the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, NOAA's Environmental Technology Laboratory (now the Earth System Research Laboratory), the Naval Postgraduate School, and the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences. NSF also supported our use of the Flux-PAM stations from the facilities pool at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Both NSF (Award 06-11942) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Award NNX07AL77G) supported ELA at NorthWest Research Associates during the preparation of this manuscript. Lastly, we thank William Gutowski and three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments on this manuscript. NR 78 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 11 IS 1 BP 87 EP 104 DI 10.1175/2009JHM1102.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 566BN UT WOS:000275344800005 ER PT J AU Seaver, M Aktas, E Trickey, ST AF Seaver, Mark Aktas, Engin Trickey, Stephen T. TI Quantitative Detection of Low Energy Impact Damage in a Sandwich Composite Wing SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st ASME Smart Materials, Adaptive Structurres and Intelligent Systems Symposium on Structural Health Monitoring CY OCT 28-30, 2008 CL Ellicott City, MD SP ASME DE fiber bragg grating; structural health monitoring; impact damage; ROC curves; bicoherence; nonlinearity; sandwich composite; wing; probability of detection; probability of false alarms ID BISPECTRAL ANALYSIS; JOINT AB This work describes damage detection in a foam core composite wing (1320mm x 152.4 mm x 13.4 mm) following a series of low energy impacts. Thirteen impacts (6-8 J deposited energy) were applied at adjacent locations approximately 1/4 of the way out from the wing center. Following every one or two impacts, the wing was tested using static tip deflection and dynamic vibrational excitation. Static and dynamic strains were measured using eight fiber Bragg grating sensors. Dynamic acceleration was also monitored using three conventional accelerometers. The estimated bicoherence was used to detect the presence of damage-induced non-linearity in time-series data recorded from each sensor. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed for each sensor based on 15 or more dynamic measurements made for each damage case. The ROC curves provide a quantitative, statistical approach to evaluating the damage detection capabilities of the various sensors. C1 [Seaver, Mark; Aktas, Engin; Trickey, Stephen T.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seaver, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM seaver@nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 21 IS 3 BP 297 EP 308 DI 10.1177/1045389X09347020 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 563XA UT WOS:000275169300009 ER PT J AU Utela, BR Storti, D Anderson, RL Ganter, M AF Utela, Ben R. Storti, Duane Anderson, Rhonda L. Ganter, Mark TI Development Process for Custom Three-Dimensional Printing (3DP) Material Systems SO JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE ceramics; three-dimensional printing ID CERAMICS; SUSPENSIONS; ALUMINA; BINDERS AB The development of a new material system for three-dimensional printing (3DP) can be difficult without experience in the field, since the flexibility of the 3DP process implies a large number of material and processing parameters. This paper presents a detailed explanation of the steps involved in developing specific implementations of 3DP, along with tools and insight for each step. This material system development procedure should provide a clear understanding of the 3DP process steps and development decisions to help the user take advantage of the considerable flexibility of 3DP and expedite a new system development. The paper concludes with a demonstration of how the guidance provided is applied in the development of fully dense ceramic dental copings; a research problem uniquely suited to the flexibility of 3DP. C1 [Utela, Ben R.] Univ Washington, Dept Mech Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Storti, Duane; Ganter, Mark] Univ Washington, Dept Mech Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Anderson, Rhonda L.] USN, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Panama City Div NSWC PCD, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Utela, BR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Mech Bioengn, Box 355061,1705 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM butela@u.washington.edu; storti@u.washington.edu; rhonda.anderson@navy.mil; ganter@u.washington.edu NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 44 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1087-1357 J9 J MANUF SCI E-T ASME JI J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2010 VL 132 IS 1 AR 011008 DI 10.1115/1.4000713 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 555PE UT WOS:000274524200008 ER PT J AU Salvia, JC Melamud, R Chandorkar, SA Lord, SF Kenny, TW AF Salvia, James C. Melamud, Renata Chandorkar, Saurabh A. Lord, Scott F. Kenny, Thomas W. TI Real-Time Temperature Compensation of MEMS Oscillators Using an Integrated Micro-Oven and a Phase-Locked Loop SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Frequency stability; microresonators; oscillators; phase-locked loops (PLLs) ID RESONATORS; ACCELEROMETERS AB We present a new temperature compensation system for microresonator-based frequency references. It consists of a phase-locked loop (PLL) whose inputs are derived from two microresonators with different temperature coefficients of frequency. The resonators are suspended within an encapsulated cavity and are heated to a constant temperature by the PLL controller, thereby achieving active temperature compensation. We show repeated real-time measurements of three 1.2-MHz prototypes that achieve a frequency stability of +/- 1 ppm from -20 degrees C to + 80 degrees C, as well as a technique to reduce steady-state frequency errors to +/- 0.05 ppm using multipoint calibration. [2009-0074] C1 [Salvia, James C.; Chandorkar, Saurabh A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Melamud, Renata] SiTime Corp, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. [Lord, Scott F.] USN, Nucl Power Sch, Goose Creek, SC 29445 USA. [Kenny, Thomas W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Salvia, JC (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jsalvia@stanford.edu FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Harsh Environment Robust Micromechanical Technology [ONRN66001-03-1-8942]; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship; Robert Bosch Corporation Palo Alto Research and Technology Center; Stanford University Center for Integrated Systems Seed Grant; National Science Foundation [ECS-9731294] FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Harsh Environment Robust Micromechanical Technology under Grant ONRN66001-03-1-8942, in part by a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship, in part by the Robert Bosch Corporation Palo Alto Research and Technology Center, in part by a Stanford University Center for Integrated Systems Seed Grant, and in part by the National Nanofabrication Users Network facilities funded by the National Science Foundation under Award ECS-9731294. Subject Editor G. K. Fedder. NR 33 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 4 U2 24 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 19 IS 1 BP 192 EP 201 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2009.2035932 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 551MM UT WOS:000274213700019 ER PT J AU Booth-Kewley, S Highfill-McRoy, RM Larson, GE Garland, CF AF Booth-Kewley, Stephanie Highfill-McRoy, Robyn M. Larson, Gerald E. Garland, Cedric F. TI Psychosocial Predictors of Military Misconduct SO JOURNAL OF NERVOUS AND MENTAL DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Antisocial behavior; psychiatric disorders; military populations; misconduct; Iraq/Afghanistan wars; veterans; combat ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; COMBAT EXPOSURE; INTERNALIZING SUBTYPES; EARLY ADOLESCENCE; VIETNAM VETERANS; US MILITARY; GULF-WAR; DELINQUENCY AB The objective of this longitudinal study was to determine psychosocial predictors of military misconduct in a cohort of Marine Corps war veterans. The study included data from 20,746 male Marines who completed a life history questionnaire during initial basic training and were subsequently deployed to a combat zone. Associations between psychosocial variables, psychiatric diagnoses, and subsequent misconduct outcomes were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression. The strongest predictors of misconduct outcomes (bad conduct discharges and military demotions) were psychiatric diagnoses and young age at first combat deployment. The results indicate that combat-related psychological disorders may manifest in numerous harmful ways, including impulsive, disruptive, and antisocial behavior. We recommend that the association between misconduct and psychiatric disorders be more explicitly acknowledged in research and treatment efforts involving military war veterans and other trauma victims. C1 [Booth-Kewley, Stephanie; Highfill-McRoy, Robyn M.; Larson, Gerald E.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Behav Sci & Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Garland, Cedric F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Moores UCSD Canc Ctr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Booth-Kewley, S (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Behav Sci & Epidemiol, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM stephanie.kewley@med.navy.mil FU US Army Medical Research and Material Command [60817] FX Supported by US Army Medical Research and Material Command under Work Unit 60817. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-3018 J9 J NERV MENT DIS JI J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 198 IS 2 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181cc45e9 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 558LG UT WOS:000274743200002 PM 20145482 ER PT J AU Liao, KS Sutto, TE Andreoli, E Ajayan, P McGrady, KA Curran, SA AF Liao, Kang-Shyang Sutto, Thomas E. Andreoli, Enrico Ajayan, Pulickel McGrady, Karen A. Curran, Seamus A. TI Nano-sponge ionic liquid-polymer composite electrolytes for solid-state lithium power sources SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Lithium ion battery; Solid polymer gel electrolytes; Imidazolium ionic liquid ID GEL ELECTROLYTE; BATTERIES; SYSTEMS; BIS(FLUOROSULFONYL)IMIDE; PERFORMANCE; NANOTUBES; CELLS AB Solid polymer gel electrolytes composed of 75 wt.% of the ionic liquid, 1-n-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonylimide with 1.0 M lithium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonylimide and 25 wt.% (polyvinylidenedifluoro-hedafluoropropene) are characterized as the electrolyte/separator in solid-state lithium batteries. The ionic conductivity of these gels ranges from 1.5 to 2.0 mS cm(-1), which is several orders of magnitude more conductive than any of the more commonly used solid polymers, and comparable to the best solid gel electrolytes currently used in industry. TGA indicates that these polymer gel electrolytes are thermally stable to over 280 degrees C, and do not begin to thermally decompose until over 300 degrees C; exhibiting a significant advancement in the safety of lithium batteries. Atomic force microscopy images of these solid thin films indicate that these polymer gel electrolytes have the structure of nano-sponges, with a sub-micron pore size. For these thin film batteries, 150 charge-discharge cycles are run for Li(x)CoO(2) where x is cycled between 0.95 down to 0.55. Minimal internal resistance effects are observed over the charging cycles, indicating the high ionic conductivity of the ionic liquid solid polymer gel electrolyte. The overall cell efficiency is approximately 98%, and no significant loss in battery efficiency is observed over the 150 cycles. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liao, Kang-Shyang; Andreoli, Enrico; Curran, Seamus A.] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Sutto, Thomas E.] USN, Res Labs DC, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ajayan, Pulickel] Rice Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [McGrady, Karen A.] Marine Corps Syst Command, Garrisonville, VA 22463 USA. RP Liao, KS (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, 617 Sci & Res Bldg 1, Houston, TX 77004 USA. EM kliao@mail.uh.edu OI Andreoli, Enrico/0000-0002-1207-2314 NR 26 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 195 IS 3 BP 867 EP 871 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.08.031 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 511NJ UT WOS:000271171900026 ER PT J AU Mott, PH Roland, CM AF Mott, P. H. Roland, C. M. TI Response to "Comment on paper 'The bulk modulus and Poisson's ratio of "incompressible" materials'" SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID RUBBER AB The incorrectness of the common assumption that rubbery polymers are incompressible does not preclude its yielding accurate determinations of the elastic modulus for nonlinear deformations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mott, P. H.; Roland, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mott, PH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM peter.mott@nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 329 IS 3 BP 368 EP 369 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2009.10.008 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 526TD UT WOS:000272316000011 ER PT J AU Williams, EG Takashima, K AF Williams, Earl G. Takashima, Kazuhiro TI Vector intensity reconstructions in a volume surrounding a rigid spherical microphone array SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE acoustic field; acoustic holography; acoustic intensity; acoustic noise; engines; Fourier analysis; harmonics; microphone arrays; structural acoustics; vehicle dynamics; vibrations ID PLANE-WAVE DECOMPOSITION; SOUND-FIELD; DESIGN AB A technique is described to image the vector intensity in the near field of a spherical array of microphones flush mounted in a rigid sphere. The spatially measured pressure is decomposed into Fourier harmonics in order to reconstruct the volumetric vector intensity outside the sphere. The theory for this reconstruction is developed in this paper. The resulting intensity images are very successful at locating and quantifying unknown exterior acoustic sources, ideal for application in noise control problems in interior spaces such as automobiles and airplanes. Arrays of varying numbers of microphones and radii are considered and compared and errors are computed for both theory and experiment. It is demonstrated that this is an ill-posed problem below a cutoff frequency depending on array design, requiring Tikhonov regularization below cutoff. There is no low frequency limit on operation, although the signal-to-noise ratio is the determining factor for high-spatial resolution at low frequencies. It is shown that the upper frequency limit is set by the number of microphones in the array and is independent of noise. The accuracy of the approach is assessed by considering the exact solution for the scattering of a point source by a rigid sphere. Several field experiments are presented to demonstrate the utility of the technique. In these experiments, the partial field decomposition technique is used and holograms of multiple exterior sources are separated and their individual volumetric intensity fields imaged. In this manner, the intensity fields of two uncorrelated tube sources in an anechoic chamber are isolated from one another and separated intensity maps are obtained from over a broad frequency range. In a practical application, the vector intensity field in the interior of an automobile cabin is mapped at the fundamental of the engine vibration using the rigid sphere positioned at the driver's head. The source regions contributing to the interior cabin noise are identified. C1 [Williams, Earl G.] USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Takashima, Kazuhiro] Nittobo Acoust Engn Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan. RP Williams, EG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM earl.williams@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 127 IS 2 BP 773 EP 783 DI 10.1121/1.3278591 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 552VR UT WOS:000274322200029 PM 20136200 ER PT J AU Patil, R Clifton, GT Holmes, JP Amin, A Carmichael, MG Gates, JD Benavides, LH Hueman, MT Ponniah, S Peoples, GE AF Patil, Ritesh Clifton, Guy T. Holmes, Jarrod P. Amin, Asna Carmichael, Mark G. Gates, Jeremy D. Benavides, Linda H. Hueman, Matthew T. Ponniah, Sathibalan Peoples, George E. TI Clinical and Immunologic Responses of HLA-A3(+) Breast Cancer Patients Vaccinated with the HER2/neu-Derived Peptide Vaccine, E75, in a Phase I/II Clinical Trial SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; MHC CLASS-I; OVARIAN-CANCER; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; PROGNOSTIC-FACTORS; METASTATIC BREAST; HER-2/NEU; ANTIGEN; IDENTIFICATION; HLA AB BACKGROUND: We have treated disease-free breast cancer patients with an HER2/neu-derived peptide, E75, as an adjuvant vaccine. E75 was originally described as HLA-A2-restricted and has been previously tested in this population. Based on computer modeling, E75 is predicted to bind to HLA-A3, and preclinical data support this. We conducted a clinical trial of E75 in HLA-A3(+), A2(-) (A3) patients. STUDY DESIGN: Disease-free breast cancer patients were enrolled after standard therapy in phase I/II trials. M patients were enrolled in parallel with A2 patients and vaccinated with E75 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor immunoadjuvant. A2(-), A3(-) patients were followed as controls. Toxicities were graded. Immunologic responses were assessed by delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and E75-specific interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay. Clinical recurrences were documented. RESULTS: Thirteen A3 patients completed the vaccine schedule. Clinicopathologic features were similar between A3, A2, and control patients, except for more HER2/neu-overexpressing tumors in the A2 group and more estrogen-receptor/progesterone-receptor-negative tumors in A2 and A3 groups. Toxicity profiles and postvaccination delayed-type hypersensitivity were similar in A3 and A2 patients. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay results varied, but A3 patients' median spots increased pre- to postvaccination (p = 0.2). Recurrences were lower in the A3 group (7.7%) at 30-month median follow-up compared with published recurrence in A2-vaccinated (8.3%) and control groups (14.8%) at 26-month median follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: HLA restriction limits potential use of peptide-based cancer vaccines. This trial demonstrates that HLA-A3 patients respond similarly to E75 vaccination as HLA-A2 patients, suggesting the potential use of the E75 vaccine in up to 76% of the population. (J Am Coll Surg 2010;210: 140-147. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American College of Surgeons) C1 [Peoples, George E.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Gen Surg Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Patil, Ritesh] Windber Med Ctr, Joyce Murtha Breast Care Ctr, Windber, PA USA. [Holmes, Jarrod P.] USN, Dept Hematol & Med Oncol, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Amin, Asna; Carmichael, Mark G.; Hueman, Matthew T.; Ponniah, Sathibalan; Peoples, George E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Canc Vaccine Dev Program, US Mil Canc Inst,Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Peoples, GE (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Gen Surg Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM george.peoples@amedd.army.mil FU United States Military Cancer Institute; Department of Surgery; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Department of Clinical Investigation, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Bethesda, MD FX This study was supported by the United States Military Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, and the Department of Clinical Investigation, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Bethesda, MD. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 210 IS 2 BP 140 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.10.022 PG 8 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 617KP UT WOS:000279279900002 PM 20113933 ER PT J AU Booth-Kewley, S Larson, GE Highfill-McRoy, RM Garland, CF Gaskin, TA AF Booth-Kewley, Stephanie Larson, Gerald E. Highfill-McRoy, Robyn M. Garland, Cedric F. Gaskin, Thomas A. TI Correlates of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Marines Back From War SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; US MILITARY PERSONNEL; PERSIAN-GULF-WAR; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; PTSD CHECKLIST; DEPLOYMENT STRESSORS; VIETNAM VETERANS; ZONE STRESSORS; RISK-FACTORS; FOLLOW-UP AB The effect of combat and operational stress on the mental health of military personnel is a major concern. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with possible posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A questionnaire was completed by 1,569 Marines who deployed in support of conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan (2002-2007). Using the PTSD Checklist with a cutoff score of 44, 17.1 % of the sainple screened positive for possible PTSD. of 9 demographic and psychosocial factors examined in relation to MD, 4 were significant in a multivariate analysis: deployment-related stressors, combat exposure, marital status, and education. Deployment-related stressors bad a stronger association with PT D than any other variable. This is an important finding because deployment-related stressors are potentially modifiable. C1 [Booth-Kewley, Stephanie] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Larson, Gerald E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Larson, Gerald E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Moores UCSD Canc Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Gaskin, Thomas A.] US Marine Corps, Headquarters, Combat Operat Stress Control, Quantico, VA USA. RP Booth-Kewley, S (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM stephanie.kewley@med.navy.mil NR 33 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0894-9867 J9 J TRAUMA STRESS JI J. Trauma Stress PD FEB PY 2010 VL 23 IS 1 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1002/jts.20485 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 571FW UT WOS:000275738100010 PM 20104587 ER PT J AU Kolel-Veetil, MK Keller, TM AF Kolel-Veetil, Manoj K. Keller, Teddy M. TI Organometallic Routes into the Nanorealms of Binary Fe-Si Phases SO MATERIALS LA English DT Review DE iron; silicide; organometallic; Fe(5)Si(3); Fe(3)Si; FeSi; FeSi(2); ferromagnet; Kondo; GMR; magnetoresistance; SLS; VLS ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TRANSITION-METAL SILICIDES; LIQUID-SOLID MECHANISM; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; BETA-FESI2 THIN-FILM; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; POLYMER PRECURSORS; CARBON NANOTUBES; SYNTHETIC ROUTES; FESI2 FILMS AB The Fe-Si binary system provides several iron silicides that have varied and exceptional material properties with applications in the electronic industry. The well known Fe-Si binary silicides are Fe(3)Si, Fe(5)Si(3), FeSi, alpha-FeSi(2) and beta-FeSi(2). While the iron-rich silicides Fe3Si and Fe5Si3 are known to be room temperature ferromagnets, the stoichiometric FeSi is the only known transition metal Kondo insulator. Furthermore, Fe5Si3 has also been demonstrated to exhibit giant magnetoresistance (GMR). The silicon-rich beta-FeSi(2) is a direct band gap material usable in light emitting diode (LED) applications. Typically, these silicides are synthesized by traditional solid-state reactions or by ion beam-induced mixing (IBM) of alternating metal and silicon layers. Alternatively, the utilization of organometallic compounds with reactive transition metal (Fe)-carbon bonds has opened various routes for the preparation of these silicides and the silicon-stabilized bcc- and fcc-Fe phases contained in the Fe-Si binary phase diagram. The unique interfacial interactions of carbon with the Fe and Si components have resulted in the preferential formation of nanoscale versions of these materials. This review will discuss such reactions. C1 [Kolel-Veetil, Manoj K.; Keller, Teddy M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kolel-Veetil, MK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM manoj.kolel-veetil@nrl.navy.mil; teddy.keller@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors thank the Office of Naval Research for the financial support of this work. NR 114 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 30 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1944 J9 MATERIALS JI Materials PD FEB PY 2010 VL 3 IS 2 BP 1049 EP 1088 DI 10.3390/ma3021049 PG 40 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 864LA UT WOS:000298240300015 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM Murphy, KD AF Nichols, J. M. Murphy, K. D. TI Modeling and detection of delamination in a composite beam: A polyspectral approach SO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Delamination; Polyspectra; Bispectrum; Trispectrum; Composite; Receiver operating characteristic curve ID BISPECTRAL ANALYSIS; DAMAGE DETECTION; MULTILAYER COMPOSITES; NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; FUNCTIONAL SERIES; ORDER; IDENTIFICATION; TRISPECTRUM; FEATURES; SPECTRA AB This work considers the difficult problem of detecting delamination in a composite beam structure based on a polyspectral analysis of the structure's vibrational response. First, a low-dimensional model of the structure is presented that captures the delamination-induced nonlinearity and shows how it influences the beam's dynamic response. A Volterra series solution is then used to approximate the nonlinear beam response. The associated Volterra kernels are derived and then substituted into previously obtained expressions for the power spectral, auto-bispectral and auto-trispectral density functions for multi-degree-of-freedom systems subject to Gaussian distributed, random inputs. The influence of the delamination on the polyspectra is then explored with respect to both delamination size and depth. Specifically, it is shown how the dominant peaks of the polyspectra relate directly to these delamination parameters. The limits of polyspectral approaches to delamination detection are presented. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nichols, J. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Murphy, K. D.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.nichols@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-WX-2-1107] FX The authors would like to acknowledge both the Office of Naval Research under Contract no. N00014-08-WX-2-1107 for providing funding for this work. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0888-3270 J9 MECH SYST SIGNAL PR JI Mech. Syst. Signal Proc. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 24 IS 2 BP 365 EP 378 DI 10.1016/j.ymssp.2009.07.009 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 527PA UT WOS:000272377800005 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZH Dallek, S Vogt, R Li, Y Topping, TD Zhou, YZ Schoenung, JM Lavernia, EJ AF Zhang, Zhihui Dallek, Steven Vogt, Rustin Li, Ying Topping, Troy D. Zhou, Yizhang Schoenung, Julie M. Lavernia, Enrique J. TI Degassing Behavior of Nanostructured Al and Its Composites SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POWDER-METALLURGY; GRAIN-GROWTH; ALUMINUM POWDER; ALLOY POWDERS; STEARIC-ACID; SURFACE; ADSORPTION; DESORPTION; EVOLUTION; KINETICS AB The synthesis of bulk ultrafine-grained (UFG) and nanostructured Al via cryomilling can frequently require a degassing step prior to consolidation, partly due to the large surface area of the as-milled powders. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects associated with cryomilling with stearic acid additions (as a process-control agent) on the degassing behavior of Al powders. This objective was accomplished by completing select experiments with Al-7.5Mg, Al-6.4 wt pct Al(85)Ni(10)La(5), and Al-14.3 wt pct B(4)C. The interaction between Al and stearic acid was determined using thermal analysis combined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The degassing experiments were carried out under high vacuum (10(-4) to similar to 10(-6) torr) in a range from room temperature to 400 A degrees C, with the pressure of the released gases monitored using a digital vacuum gage. The results showed that the liberation of chemisorbed water was suppressed in cryomilled Al powders and both the chemisorbed water and stearic acid were primarily released in the form of hydrogen. It was also demonstrated that under certain conditions, a nanostructure (grain size similar to 100 nm) can be retained following the hot vacuum degassing of cryomilled Al. C1 [Zhang, Zhihui; Vogt, Rustin; Li, Ying; Topping, Troy D.; Zhou, Yizhang; Schoenung, Julie M.; Lavernia, Enrique J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dallek, Steven] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Dallek, Steven] GJ Associates, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Zhang, ZH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM zhizhang@ucdavis.edu RI Li, Ying/G-3908-2010; Lavernia, Enrique/I-6472-2013 OI Li, Ying/0000-0003-3738-9307; Lavernia, Enrique/0000-0003-2124-8964 FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) [W911NF-08-2-0028] FX Research was sponsored by U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and was accomplished under Cooperative Agreement W911NF-08-2-0028. The views and conclusions made in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of ARL or the US Government. The US Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation hereon. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 41A IS 2 BP 532 EP 541 DI 10.1007/s11661-009-0089-6 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 539GT UT WOS:000273242700025 ER PT J AU MacDonald, MR AF MacDonald, Michael R. TI Punishment and the Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infection Among Sailors SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP MacDonald, MR (reprint author), USN, 620 John Paul Jones Circle,Suite 1100, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 175 IS 2 BP 82 EP 83 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 582GO UT WOS:000276584900005 PM 20180474 ER PT J AU Shen, H Wan, H Sanchez, SM AF Shen, Hua Wan, Hong Sanchez, Susan M. TI A Hybrid Method for Simulation Factor Screening SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE computer experiments; discrete-event simulation; factor screening ID EFFICIENT AB Factor screening is performed to eliminate unimportant factors so that the remaining important factors can be more thoroughly studied in later experiments. Controlled sequential bifurcation (CSB) and controlled sequential factorial design (CSFD) are two new screening methods for discrete-event simulations. Both methods use hypothesis testing procedures to control the Type 1 Error and power of the screening results. The scenarios for which each method is most efficient are complementary. This study proposes a two-stage hybrid approach that combines CSFD and an improved CSB called CSB-X. In Phase 1, a prescreening procedure will estimate each effect and determine whether CSB-X or CSFD will be used for further screening. In Phase 2, CSB-X and CSFD are performed separately based on the assignment of Phase 1. The new method usually has the same error control as CSB-X and CSFD. The efficiency, on the other hand, is usually much better than either component method. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals. Inc. Naval Research Logistics 57: 45-57, 2010 C1 [Wan, Hong] Purdue Univ, Sch Ind Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Shen, Hua] Bank Amer, Charlotte, NC 28255 USA. [Sanchez, Susan M.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Grad Sch Operat & Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Sanchez, Susan M.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wan, H (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Ind Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hwan@purdue.edu FU Purdue Research Foundation (PRF) [N00244-06-C-0002]; Office of the Secretary of Defense's Test Resource Management Center; Joint IED Defeat Organization FX This research was partially supported by Purdue Research Foundation (PRF), Naval Postgraduate School Award (N00244-06-C-0002), the Office of the Secretary of Defense's Test Resource Management Center, and the Joint IED Defeat Organization. Preliminary results from this article appeared in Ref. 15. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0894-069X EI 1520-6750 J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 57 IS 1 BP 45 EP 57 DI 10.1002/nav.20382 PG 13 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 545YQ UT WOS:000273773700004 ER PT J AU Patursson, O Swift, MR Tsukrov, I Simonsen, K Baldwin, K Fredriksson, DW Celikkol, B AF Patursson, Oystein Swift, M. Robinson Tsukrov, Igor Simonsen, Knud Baldwin, Kenneth Fredriksson, David W. Celikkol, Barbaros TI Development of a porous media model with application to flow through and around a net panel SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Computational fluid dynamics; Porous media model; Net panel; Current reduction; Tow tank experiments AB The flow characteristics through and around a net panel have been investigated through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and measurements. A finite volume approach was used for solving the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations combined with a k-epsilon turbulence model for describing the flow. For computational efficiency, the net was modeled as a sheet of porous media rather than a large number of cylinders connected by knots. The model resistance coefficients needed for the porous media equations were found by optimizing the fit between computed lift and drag forces on the net panel and lift and drag measured in tow tank experiments. Lift and drag acting on a flat panel of knotless nylon net (2.8 mm twine thickness and 29 mm mesh size) stretched on a frame were measured at different speeds and angles of attack, and fluid velocity was recorded in the region behind the net. The optimization process used to obtain the best fit porous media coefficients was simplified through the use of an analytical model. Final comparisons between CFD predictions and measurements of lift and drag coefficients and velocity reduction behind the net panel were made for two of the speeds and angles of attack. The agreement between measured and modeled data was good with a mean normalized absolute error of 6.2%. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Patursson, Oystein; Baldwin, Kenneth] Univ New Hampshire, Jere A Chase Ocean Engn Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Patursson, Oystein; Simonsen, Knud] Univ Faroe Isl, Fac Sci & Technol, Torshavn, Faroe Islands, Denmark. [Swift, M. Robinson; Tsukrov, Igor; Celikkol, Barbaros] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Fredriksson, David W.] USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Patursson, O (reprint author), Aquaculture Res Stn Faroes, Faroe Isl, Denmark. EM oystein@fiskaaling.fo FU Statoil Group; Cooperative Institute for New England Mariculture and Fisheries (CINEMAR); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX The present work is funded in part by the Statoil Group, which is a consortium of oil companies, including Statoil, Phillips, Enterprise, and Veba who are involved in oil exploration on the shelf of the Faroe Islands, and in part by the Cooperative Institute for New England Mariculture and Fisheries (CINEMAR) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). NR 19 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 37 IS 2-3 BP 314 EP 324 DI 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2009.10.001 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 566YI UT WOS:000275409000017 ER PT J AU Khurgin, JB Pruessner, MW Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS AF Khurgin, J. B. Pruessner, M. W. Stievater, T. H. Rabinovich, W. S. TI Pockels effect in short period silicon germanium superlattices SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; ELECTRONEGATIVITY; MONOLAYER; SI AB We introduce a simple method of calculating Pockels coefficients in ordered SiGe superlattices and show that the Pockels effect in them can be half as strong as in GaAs. thereby opening a path to efficient CMOS-compatible electro-optic modulators. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Khurgin, J. B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Pruessner, M. W.; Stievater, T. H.; Rabinovich, W. S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Khurgin, JB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM jakek@jhu.edu RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 283 IS 3 BP 432 EP 434 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2009.09.079 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 537GD UT WOS:000273100300016 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM Currie, M Bucholtz, F Link, WA AF Nichols, J. M. Currie, M. Bucholtz, F. Link, W. A. TI Bayesian estimation of weak material dispersion: theory and experiment SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL INTERFEROMETRY AB This work considers the estimation of dispersion in materials via an interferometric technique. At its core, the problem involves extracting the quadratic variation in phase over a range of wavelengths based on measured optical intensity. The estimation problem becomes extremely difficult for weakly dispersive materials where the quadratic nonlinearity is very small relative to the uncertainty inherent in experiment. This work provides a means of estimating dispersion in the face of such uncertainty. Specifically, we use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo implementation of Bayesian analysis to provide both the dispersion estimate and the associated confidence interval. The interplay between various system parameters and the size of the resulting confidence interval is discussed. The approach is then applied to several different experimental samples. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Nichols, J. M.; Currie, M.; Bucholtz, F.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Link, W. A.] Patuxent Wildlife & Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.nichols@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Naval Research Laboratory for providing funding for this work NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3 BP 2076 EP 2089 DI 10.1364/OE.18.002076 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 559AD UT WOS:000274791200029 PM 20174036 ER PT J AU Fatemi, FK Bashkansky, M AF Fatemi, Fredrik K. Bashkansky, Mark TI Spatially resolved magnetometry using cold atoms in dark optical tweezers SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB We use Faraday spectroscopy of atoms confined to crossed hollow beam tweezers to map magnetic fields over 3 millimeters with 200 micron resolution in a single trap loading cycle. The hollow beams are formed using spatial light modulation, and the trap location is scanned using acousto-optic deflectors. We demonstrate the technique by mapping a linear quadrupole magnetic field with 10 nT sensitivity. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Fatemi, Fredrik K.; Bashkansky, Mark] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fatemi, FK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ffatemi@ccs.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3 BP 2190 EP 2196 DI 10.1364/OE.18.002190 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 559AD UT WOS:000274791200040 PM 20174047 ER PT J AU Benoit, MM Fink, DS Brigger, MT Keamy, DG AF Benoit, Margo McKenna Fink, Daniel S. Brigger, Matthew T. Keamy, Donald G., Jr. TI Lobular capillary hemangioma of the nasal cavity in a five-year-old boy SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID PYOGENIC GRANULOMA C1 [Benoit, Margo McKenna; Fink, Daniel S.; Keamy, Donald G., Jr.] Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otolaryngol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Brigger, Matthew T.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Benoit, MM (reprint author), Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otolaryngol, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM Margo_Benoit@meei.harvard.edu NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 142 IS 2 BP 290 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2009.09.035 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 582CZ UT WOS:000276574500028 PM 20115993 ER PT J AU Hoffer, ME Balaban, C Gottshall, K Balough, BJ Maddox, MR Penta, JR AF Hoffer, Michael E. Balaban, Carey Gottshall, Kim Balough, Ben J. Maddox, Michael R. Penta, Joseph R. TI Blast Exposure: Vestibular Consequences and Associated Characteristics SO OTOLOGY & NEUROTOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the American-Neurotology-Society CY MAY 29-30, 2009 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Neurotol Soc DE Headaches; Hearing loss; Mild traumatic brain injury; Posttraumatic stress disorders; Traumatic brain injury; Vestibular disorders; Vestibular function tests ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; DIZZINESS; IMPAIRMENT; DISORDER; STRESS; IRAQ; WAR AB Objective: To characterize vestibular and related symptoms seen after blast exposure. Study Design: Prospective single-subject design. Settings: Tertiary care facility and military field hospital. Patients: Active-duty US Military personnel exposed to blast(s) in Iraq and/or Afghanistan. Interventions: Vestibular function tests, auditory tests, and a structured history and physical examination. Results: Blast exposure induced vestibular disorders, and related symptoms are significantly different than those seen in blunt head trauma. The vestibular characteristics and objective tests of vestibular function significantly worsen in blast-exposed patients as a function of time between injury and presentation. Conclusion: Blast exposure produces a unique set of vestibular disorders and associated symptoms that progress over time. Understanding the characteristics of these symptoms as they vary over time may be critical in designing treatment strategies that modify long-term outcome. C1 [Hoffer, Michael E.; Balaban, Carey; Gottshall, Kim; Balough, Ben J.] USN, Spatial Orientat Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Maddox, Michael R.] 1st Marine Expeditionary Grp, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. [Penta, Joseph R.] 1st Marine Logist Grp, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. [Balaban, Carey] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Otolaryngol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Hoffer, ME (reprint author), USN, Spatial Orientat Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dive, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM Michael.hoffer@med.navy.mil OI Balaban, Carey/0000-0002-3570-3844 NR 12 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1531-7129 J9 OTOL NEUROTOL JI Otol. Neurotol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 31 IS 2 BP 232 EP 236 DI 10.1097/MAO.0b013e3181c993c3 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 581VX UT WOS:000276554400010 PM 20009782 ER PT J AU Gunlycke, D White, CT AF Gunlycke, D. White, C. T. TI Scaling of the localization length in armchair-edge graphene nanoribbons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; LAYER GRAPHENE; TRANSPORT; NANOSTRIPS AB A two-band model that includes edge interactions is derived for hydrogen-terminated, armchair-edge graphene nanoribbons. This model is then used to obtain analytical expressions for the localization length of these ribbons in the presence of environmental and topological edge disorder. Within the single-channel regime, it is found that the maximum localization length of a ribbon with uncorrelated edge disorder is proportional to the square of its width. Also shown is the dependence of the localization length on quasiparticle energy and band gap. The analytical expressions have been verified by numerical transport calculations that take all pi channels into account. C1 [Gunlycke, D.; White, C. T.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gunlycke, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research, directly and through the Naval Research Laboratory FX This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research, directly and through the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2010 VL 81 IS 7 AR 075434 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.075434 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 561SC UT WOS:000274998200129 ER PT J AU Abelev, BI Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alakhverdyants, AV Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baumgart, S Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Benedosso, F Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Biritz, B Bland, LC Bnzarov, I Bonner, BE Bouchet, J Braidot, E Brandin, AV Bridgeman, A Bruna, E Bueltmann, S Burton, TP Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Catu, O Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, KE Christie, W Chung, P Clarke, RF Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Dash, S De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG DePhillips, M Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Didenko, L Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Efimov, LG Elhalhuli, E Elnimr, M Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Eun, L Fachini, P Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Fersch, RG Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Ganti, MS Garcia-Solis, EJ Geromitsos, A Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gordon, A Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Grube, B Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gupta, N Guryn, W Haag, B Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Han, LX Harris, JW Hays-Wehle, JP Heinz, M Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffman, AM Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Huo, L Igo, G Iordanova, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jakl, P Jena, C Jin, F Jones, CL Jones, PG Joseph, J Judd, EG Kabana, S Kajimoto, K Kang, K Kapitan, J Kauder, K Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Khodyrev, VY Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klein, SR Knospe, AG Kocoloski, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Kopytine, M Koralt, I Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Krus, M Kumar, L Kurnadi, P Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, N Li, Y Li, Z Lin, G Lin, X Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Ludlam, T Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mall, OI Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McDonald, D McShane, TS Meschanin, A Milner, R Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mischke, A Mitrovski, MK Mohanty, B Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nattrass, C Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Ng, MJ Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okada, H Okorokov, V Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Pile, P Planinic, M Ploskon, MA Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Poskanzer, AM Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Redwine, R Reed, R Rehberg, JM Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Russcher, MJ Sahoo, R Sakai, S Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schuster, TR Seele, J Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shi, SS Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Stephans, GSF Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Tram, VN Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, X Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, Y Xie, W Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, W Xu, Y Xu, Z Xue, L Yang, Y Yepes, P Yip, K Yoo, IK Yue, Q Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhan, W Zhang, S Zhang, WM Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, Y Zhong, C Zhou, J Zhou, W Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y AF Abelev, B. I. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alakhverdyants, A. V. Anderson, B. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Barannikova, O. Barnby, L. S. Baumgart, S. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Benedosso, F. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Biritz, B. Bland, L. C. Bnzarov, I. Bonner, B. E. Bouchet, J. Braidot, E. Brandin, A. V. Bridgeman, A. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Burton, T. P. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Catu, O. Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, K. E. Christie, W. Chung, P. Clarke, R. F. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Dash, S. De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. DePhillips, M. Derevschikov, A. A. de Souza, R. Derradi Didenko, L. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Efimov, L. G. Elhalhuli, E. Elnimr, M. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Eun, L. Fachini, P. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Fersch, R. G. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Ganti, M. S. Garcia-Solis, E. J. Geromitsos, A. Geurts, F. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. N. Gordon, A. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Grube, B. Guertin, S. M. Gupta, A. Gupta, N. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hallman, T. J. Hamed, A. Han, L. -X. Harris, J. W. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heinz, M. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffman, A. M. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Huang, H. Z. Humanic, T. J. Huo, L. Igo, G. Iordanova, A. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jakl, P. Jena, C. Jin, F. Jones, C. L. Jones, P. G. Joseph, J. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kajimoto, K. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kauder, K. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Khodyrev, V. Yu. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Klein, S. R. Knospe, A. G. Kocoloski, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Kopytine, M. Koralt, I. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kravtsov, P. Kravtsov, V. I. Krueger, K. Krus, M. Kumar, L. Kurnadi, P. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C-H Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, N. Li, Y. Li, Z. Lin, G. Lin, X. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Ludlam, T. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mall, O. I. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Meschanin, A. Milner, R. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, A. Mitrovski, M. K. Mohanty, B. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nattrass, C. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Netrakanti, P. K. Ng, M. J. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okada, H. Okorokov, V. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Ploskon, M. A. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Redwine, R. Reed, R. Rehberg, J. M. Ridiger, A. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Russcher, M. J. Sahoo, R. Sakai, S. Sakrejda, I. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Schuster, T. R. Seele, J. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Stephans, G. S. F. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Symons, T. J. M. de Toledo, A. Szanto Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarini, L. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trainor, T. A. Tram, V. N. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. Xie, W. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xue, L. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yip, K. Yoo, I. -K. Yue, Q. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhan, W. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, Y. Zhong, C. Zhou, J. Zhou, W. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. -H. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. TI Identified particle production, azimuthal anisotropy, and interferometry measurements in Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=9.2 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; RESISTIVE PLATE CHAMBERS; TIME PROJECTION CHAMBER; QCD PHASE-TRANSITION; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; HADRON-PRODUCTION; PION INTERFEROMETRY; COULOMB CORRECTIONS AB We present the first measurements of identified hadron production, azimuthal anisotropy, and pion interferometry from Au + Au collisions below the nominal injection energy at the BNL Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) facility. The data were collected using the large acceptance solenoidal tracker at RHIC (STAR) detector at root s(NN) = 9.2 GeV from a test run of the collider in the year 2008. Midrapidity results on multiplicity density dN/dy in rapidity y, average transverse momentum < p(T)>, particle ratios, elliptic flow, and Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) radii are consistent with the corresponding results at similar root s(NN) from fixed-target experiments. Directed flow measurements are presented for both midrapidity and forward-rapidity regions. Furthermore the collision centrality dependence of identified particle dN/dy, < p(T)>, and particle ratios are discussed. These results also demonstrate that the capabilities of the STAR detector, although optimized for root s(NN) = 200 GeV, are suitable for the proposed QCD critical-point search and exploration of the QCD phase diagram at RHIC. C1 [Bridgeman, A.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Barnby, L. S.; Burton, T. P.; Elhalhuli, E.; Jones, P. G.; Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; DePhillips, M.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fachini, P.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Gordon, A.; Guryn, W.; Hallman, T. J.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Ludlam, T.; Ogawa, A.; Okada, H.; Perevoztchikov, V.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Ng, M. J.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Das, D.; Draper, J. E.; Haag, B.; Liu, H.; Mall, O. I.; Reed, R.; Romero, J. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Biritz, B.; Cendejas, R.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Guertin, S. M.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Kurnadi, P.; Sakai, S.; Staszak, D.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Whitten, C., Jr.; Xu, W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [de Souza, R. Derradi; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Abelev, B. I.; Barannikova, O.; Betts, R. R.; Garcia-Solis, E. J.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Iordanova, A.; Kauder, K.; Suarez, M. C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; McShane, T. S.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Krus, M.; Pachr, M.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, CZ-11519 Prague, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Chung, P.; Jakl, P.; Kapitan, J.; Kouchpil, V.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.] Nucl Res Inst AS CR, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. [Kollegger, T.; Mitrovski, M. K.; Rehberg, J. M.; Schuster, T. R.; Stock, R.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany. [Dash, S.; Jena, C.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Phatak, S. C.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Selyuzhenkov, I.; Sowinski, J.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Bhasin, A.; Dogra, S. M.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, N.; Mangotra, L. K.; Potukuchi, B. V. K. S.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Alakhverdyants, A. V.; Averichev, G. S.; Bnzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneev, R.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. [Anderson, B. D.; Bouchet, J.; Joseph, J.; Keane, D.; Kopytine, M.; Margetis, S.; Pandit, Y.; Subba, N. L.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.; Zhang, W. M.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Fatemi, R.; Fersch, R. G.; Korsch, W.; Webb, G.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Yang, Y.; Zhan, W.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Dong, X.; Grebenyuk, O.; Hjort, E.; Jacobs, P.; Kikola, D. P.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S. R.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Odyniec, G.; Olson, D.; Ploskon, M. A.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Ritter, H. G.; Rose, A.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X. M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Thomas, J. H.; Tram, V. N.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balewski, J.; Betancourt, M. J.; Corliss, R.; Hays-Wehle, J. P.; Hoffman, A. M.; Jones, C. L.; Kocoloski, A.; Leight, W.; Milner, R.; Redwine, R.; Sakuma, T.; Seele, J.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Surrow, B.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Walker, M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.; Simon, F.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Tarnowsky, T.; Wang, H.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Okorokov, V.; Ridiger, A.; Strikhanov, M.; Timoshenko, S.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Lindenbaum, S. J.] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Benedosso, F.; Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; Russcher, M. J.] NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Benedosso, F.; Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; Russcher, M. J.] Univ Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Chajecki, Z.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bueltmann, S.; Koralt, I.; Plyku, D.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Kumar, L.; Pruthi, N. K.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Eun, L.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Khodyrev, V. Yu.; Kravtsov, V. I.; Matulenko, Yu. A.; Meschanin, A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Hirsch, A.; Konzer, J.; Lin, X.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Skoby, M. J.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Ulery, J.; Wang, F.; Wang, Q.; Xie, W.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Choi, K. E.; Grube, B.; Lee, C-H; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Bonner, B. E.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Liu, J.; Llope, W. J.; McDonald, D.; Roberts, J. B.; Yepes, P.; Zhou, J.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Munhoz, M. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; de Toledo, A. Szanto] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, H. F.; Li, C.; Lu, Y.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.; Zhao, Y.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Xu, Q. H.; Zhou, W.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Cai, X. Z.; Chen, J. H.; Han, L. -X.; Jin, F.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Tian, J.; Xue, L.; Zhang, S.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Y. -H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Erazmus, B.; Estienne, M.; Geromitsos, A.; Kabana, S.; Roy, C.; Sahoo, R.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Cervantes, M. C.; Clarke, R. F.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Djawotho, P.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Huo, L.; Mioduszewski, S.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hoffmann, G. W.; Kajimoto, K.; Markert, C.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Thein, D.; Wada, M.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cheng, J.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, X.; Wang, Y.; Yue, Q.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Witt, R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Manweiler, R.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Webb, J. C.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta; Ganti, M. S.; Ghosh, P.; Mohanty, B.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Singaraju, R. N.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. [Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zawisza, M.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.; Kettler, D.; Prindle, D.; Trainor, T. A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bellwied, R.; De Silva, L. C.; Elnimr, M.; LaPointe, S.; Pruneau, C.; Sharma, M.; Tarini, L. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Chen, J. Y.; Li, N.; Li, Z.; Liu, F.; Shi, S. S.; Wu, Y.] CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Baumgart, S.; Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Catu, O.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Knospe, A. G.; Lin, G.; Majka, R.; Nattrass, C.; Putschke, J.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Abelev, BI (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Xu, Wenqin/H-7553-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Nattrass, Christine/J-6752-2016; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Yang, Yanyun/B-9485-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Yoo, In-Kwon/J-6222-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Xue, Liang/F-8077-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Pandit, Yadav/I-2170-2013 OI Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Xu, Wenqin/0000-0002-5976-4991; Nattrass, Christine/0000-0002-8768-6468; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Yang, Yanyun/0000-0002-5982-1706; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Xue, Liang/0000-0002-2321-9019; Pandit, Yadav/0000-0003-2809-7943 FU Offices of NP; US DOE Office of Science; US NSF; Sloan Foundation; DFG cluster of excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe'; RA; RPL; EMN of France; STFC; EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP of Brazil; Russian Ministry of Sci. and Tech.; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; IRP; GA of the Czech Republic; FOM of the Netherlands; DAE; DST; CSIR of the Government of India; Polish State Committee for Scientific Research; Korea Sci. & Eng. Foundation; Korea Research Foundation; [CNRS/IN2P3] FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, and the NERSC Center at LBNL and the resources provided by the Open Science Grid consortium for their support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science, the US NSF, the Sloan Foundation, the DFG cluster of excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe', CNRS/IN2P3, RA, RPL, and EMN of France, STFC and EPSRC of the United Kingdom, FAPESP of Brazil, the Russian Ministry of Sci. and Tech., the NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China, IRP and GA of the Czech Republic, FOM of the Netherlands, DAE, DST, and CSIR of the Government of India, the Polish State Committee for Scientific Research, and the Korea Sci. & Eng. Foundation and Korea Research Foundation. NR 115 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2010 VL 81 IS 2 AR 024911 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.81.024911 PG 19 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 605IN UT WOS:000278341300032 ER PT J AU Bryant, PH Nichols, JM AF Bryant, Paul H. Nichols, J. M. TI Modeling and detecting localized nonlinearity in continuum systems with a multistage transform SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID FILM AB A general method is presented for modeling spatially extended systems that may contain a localized source of nonlinearity. It has direct applications to structural health monitoring (SHM) where physical damage may cause such nonlinearity and also communications channels which may exhibit localized nonlinearity due to bad electrical contacts or component nonlinearity. The method uses a multistage nonlinear transform in order to model the system dynamics. We discuss the application to SHM and provide a preliminary test of the method with experimental data from a randomly shaken beam with loose bolts. We discuss the application to telecommunications, provide an experimental observation of symmetric nonlinearity in a "bad" electrical contact, and provide a preliminary test of using this method to remove nonlinear echo (and thereby improve data rate) on a telephone line used for data transmission. C1 [Bryant, Paul H.] Univ Calif San Diego, BioCircuits Inst, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Nichols, J. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bryant, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, BioCircuits Inst, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM pbryant@ucsd.edu; jonathan.nichols@nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2010 VL 81 IS 2 AR 026209 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.81.026209 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 562LZ UT WOS:000275053800024 PM 20365640 ER PT J AU Hazak, G Elbaz, Y Zalesak, S Wygoda, N Schmitt, AJ AF Hazak, G. Elbaz, Y. Zalesak, S. Wygoda, N. Schmitt, A. J. TI Kinetic theoretical approach to turbulence in variable-density incompressible, statistically inhomogeneous fluids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SCALE STRUCTURE; FLOWS; MODEL AB The kinetic theory is developed for the mass mixing of two incompressible immiscible fluids due to Rayleigh-Taylor instability (as an example for turbulence in variable-density statistically inhomogeneous incompressible fluids). An expression is derived for the fine grain force in terms of the mass-density and velocity fields. This expression enables the conversion of the Navier-Stokes equation into an exact explicit conservation equation in phase space. The equation is a generalization, to the variable-density case, of the Lundgren equation [T. S. Lundgren, Phys. Fluids 10, 969 (1967)]. The conserved quantity is the fine grain density-velocity distribution (FGDVD). The fine grain mass-density and fluid velocity fields are the two lowest moments of the FGDVD. The joint density-velocity probability density function (DVPDF) is the ensemble average of the FGDVD. Using detailed numerical solutions of the Navier-Stokes equation, it is found that the correlation between the acceleration and the FGDVD is weak. This result identifies a small parameter which enables the derivation, by controlled approximations, of closed equations for the DVPDFs. The lowest order yields the mean-field approximation. It is shown by a numerical solution of the closed kinetic equation in the mean-field approximation that it properly describes the time evolution of the system for periods shorter than the relaxation time. Closure schemes beyond the mean field are discussed. C1 [Hazak, G.; Elbaz, Y.; Wygoda, N.] Nucl Res Ctr Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Zalesak, S.; Schmitt, A. J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hazak, G (reprint author), Nucl Res Ctr Negev, Dept Phys, POB 9001, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2010 VL 81 IS 2 AR 026314 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.81.026314 PN 2 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 562LZ UT WOS:000275053800042 PM 20365658 ER PT J AU Penano, J Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Gordon, D Serafim, P AF Penano, Joseph Sprangle, Phillip Hafizi, Bahman Gordon, Daniel Serafim, Philip TI Terahertz generation in plasmas using two-color laser pulses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID RADIATION; WAVES; AIR; CONVERSION AB We analyze the generation of terahertz radiation when an intense, short laser pulse is mixed with its frequency-doubled counterpart in plasma. The nonlinear coupling of the fundamental and the frequency-doubled laser pulses in plasma is shown to be characterized by a third order susceptibility which has a time dependence characteristic of the laser pulse durations. The terahertz generation process depends on the relative polarizations of the lasers and the terahertz frequency is omega similar to 1/tau(L), where tau(L) is the laser pulse duration. Since the laser pulse duration is typically in the picosecond or subpicosecond regime the resulting radiation is in the terahertz or multiterahertz regime. To obtain the third order susceptibility we solve the plasma fluid equations correct to third order in the laser fields, including both the relativistic and ponderomotive force terms. The relativistic and ponderomotive contributions to the susceptibility nearly cancel in the absence of electron collisions. Therefore, in this terahertz generation mechanism collisional effects play a critical role. Consistent with recent experimental observations, our model shows that (1) the terahertz field amplitude is proportional to I(1)I(2), where I(1) and I(2) are the intensities of the fundamental and second harmonic laser pulses, respectively, (2) the terahertz emission is maximized when the polarization of the laser beams and the terahertz are aligned, (3) for typical experimental parameters, the emitted terahertz field amplitude is on the order of tens of kilovolts/cm with duration comparable to that of the drive laser pulses, and (4) the direction of terahertz emission depends sensitively on experimental parameters. C1 [Penano, Joseph; Sprangle, Phillip; Gordon, Daniel] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hafizi, Bahman] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. [Serafim, Philip] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Penano, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors thank Dr. K.Y. Kim, Dr. H. Milchberg, and Dr. A. Zigler for useful discussions on this topic. This work was supported by 6.1 funding from the Office of Naval Research. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2010 VL 81 IS 2 AR 026407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.81.026407 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 562LZ UT WOS:000275053800049 PM 20365665 ER PT J AU Lampe, M Joyce, G Manheimer, WM Ganguli, G AF Lampe, Martin Joyce, Glenn Manheimer, Wallace M. Ganguli, Gurudas TI Nonlinear whistler instability driven by a beamlike distribution of resonant electrons SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article DE cyclotron resonance; geomagnetic variations; plasma instability; plasma nonlinear processes; plasma simulation; radiation belts; whistlers ID WAVE-PARTICLE INTERACTIONS; NONUNIFORM MAGNETIC-FIELD; TRIGGERED VLF EMISSIONS; SELF-CONSISTENT THEORY; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; INHOMOGENEOUS PLASMA; ELECTROSTATIC WAVES; FEEDBACK MODEL; SIPLE-STATION; MAGNETOSPHERE AB Theory and simulation are used to study the instability of a coherent whistler parallel-propagating in a simplified model radiation belt with a background of cold electrons, as well as a ring distribution of energetic electrons. A nonlinear instability is initiated at the location z(+), where the electrons are cyclotron resonant with the wave, on the side of the equator (z=0) where the wave is propagating away from the equator. The instability propagates backward toward the equator, growing both spatially and temporally. As the instability develops, frequency falls in such a way as to keep the electrons nearly resonant with the waves over the entire region 0 < z < z(+). The instability causes a sharp drop in the pitch angle of the resonant electrons and eventually saturates with peak amplitude near the equator. C1 [Lampe, Martin; Ganguli, Gurudas] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Joyce, Glenn] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Manheimer, Wallace M.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Lampe, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU ONR FX This work was supported by ONR. The authors appreciate suggestions from Professor K. (Dennis) Papadopoulos, especially stressing the transformative effects of distribution function discontinuities. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2010 VL 17 IS 2 AR 022902 DI 10.1063/1.3298733 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 562DE UT WOS:000275028700025 ER PT J AU Morozov, A Luo, Y Suckewer, S Gordon, DF Sprangle, P AF Morozov, A. Luo, Y. Suckewer, S. Gordon, D. F. Sprangle, P. TI Propagation of ultrashort laser pulses in optically ionized gases SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article DE high-speed optical techniques; hydrogen; ionisation potential; jets; light interferometry; nitrogen; photoionisation; plasma density; plasma diagnostics; plasma jets; plasma light propagation; Raman spectra; refractive index; supersonic flow ID NONLINEAR PROPAGATION; INTENSE; AIR; IONIZATION; PLASMAS; SIMULATIONS; WAVE AB Propagation of 800 nm, 120 fs laser pulses with intensities of 4x10(16) W/cm(2) in supersonic gas jets of N(2) and H(2) is studied using a shear-type interferometer. The plasma density distribution resulting from photoionization is resolved in space and time with simultaneously measured initial neutral density distribution. A distinct difference in laser beam propagation distance is observed when comparing propagation in jets of H(2) and N(2). This is interpreted in terms of ionization induced refraction, which is stronger when electrons are produced from states of higher ionization potential. Three dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, based on directly solving the Maxwell-Lorentz system of equations, show the roles played by the forward Raman and ionization scattering instabilities, which further affect the propagation distance. C1 [Morozov, A.; Luo, Y.; Suckewer, S.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gordon, D. F.; Sprangle, P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Morozov, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. FU Princeton Plasma Science and Technology (PPST); DOE/NSF; NSF/ECCS [0754651]; NNSA/DOE FX One of us (Y. L.) is thankful to Princeton Plasma Science and Technology (PPST) program at Princeton University for financial support. This project was supported by grants from DOE/NSF (GPS program), NSF/ECCS (EPDT Grant No. 0754651), and NNSA/DOE. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2010 VL 17 IS 2 AR 023101 DI 10.1063/1.3294559 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 562DE UT WOS:000275028700029 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Szabo, CI Audebert, P Brambrink, E Tabakhoff, E Hudson, LT AF Seely, J. F. Szabo, C. I. Audebert, P. Brambrink, E. Tabakhoff, E. Hudson, L. T. TI Lateral propagation of MeV electrons generated by femtosecond laser irradiation SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article DE aluminium; dysprosium; gadolinium; hafnium; high-speed optical techniques; ionisation; plasma accelerators; plasma interactions; plasma production by laser; space charge; tungsten ID FAST IGNITER RESEARCH; COLLISIONLESS ABSORPTION; PLASMA INTERACTIONS; SOLID INTERACTIONS; HOT-ELECTRONS; TARGETS; PULSES; PENETRATION; INHIBITION; DEPOSITION AB The propagation of MeV electrons generated by intense (approximate to 10(20) W/cm(2)) femtosecond laser irradiation, in the lateral direction perpendicular to the incident laser beam, was studied using targets consisting of irradiated metal wires and neighboring spectator wires embedded in electrically conductive (aluminum) or resistive (Teflon) substrates. The K shell spectra in the energy range 40-60 keV from wires of Gd, Dy, Hf, and W were recorded by a transmission crystal spectrometer. The spectra were produced by 1s electron ionization in the irradiated wire and by energetic electron propagation through the substrate material to the spectator wire of a different metal. The electron range and energy were determined from the relative K shell emissions from the irradiated and spectator wires separated by varying substrate lateral distances of up to 1 mm. It was found that electron propagation through Teflon was inhibited, compared to aluminum, implying a relatively weak return current and incomplete space-charge neutralization. The energetic electron propagation in the direction parallel to the electric field of the laser beam was larger than perpendicular to the electric field. Energetic electron production was lower when directly irradiating aluminum or Teflon compared to irradiating the heavy metal wires. These experiments are important for the determination of the energetic electron production mechanism and for understanding lateral electron propagation that can be detrimental to fast-ignition fusion and hard x-ray backlighter radiography. C1 [Seely, J. F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Szabo, C. I.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Ecole Normale Super, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Audebert, P.; Brambrink, E.; Tabakhoff, E.] Ecole Polytech, LULI, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Hudson, L. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Helmholtz Association [HA216/EMMI] FX We thank Paul Indelicato and Alexander Gumberidze for supporting the experiments, Glenn Holland for expert technical assistance, and Uri Feldman for valuable discussions. The work at the Naval Research Laboratory was supported by the Office of Naval Research. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. government, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. The Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB) is "Unite Mixte de Recherche du CNRS, de l'ENS et de l'UPMC No. 8552." The LKB group was supported by the Helmholtz Alliance Program of the Helmholtz Association, Contract No. HA216/EMMI "Extremes of Density and Temperature: Cosmic Matter in the Laboratory." NR 56 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2010 VL 17 IS 2 AR 023102 DI 10.1063/1.3298734 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 562DE UT WOS:000275028700030 ER PT J AU Cox, DR Hess, DW Hibbard, MR Layman, DE Stewart, RK AF Cox, David R. Hess, David W. Hibbard, Mary R. Layman, David E. Stewart, Robert K., Jr. TI Specialty Practice in Rehabilitation Psychology SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE rehabilitation; specialty; training; certification; practice ID EXPERIENCE AB Rehabilitation psychology is a growing specialty that consistently involves interdisciplinary teamwork as a condition of practice and considers the relevant biological. psychological. social, environmental, and political factors to achieve optimal rehabilitation goals. Rehabilitation psychologists partner with individuals experiencing disabling conditions, to assist them in meeting challenges and promoting quality of life across the life span. Services provided by rehabilitation psychologists include psychological assessments, interventions, consultations, research, consumer protection. and advocacy. This article presents 21 brief history of the specialty. overview of the practice of rehabilitation psychology, and description of file educational and training requirements involved in becoming a specialist in rehabilitation psychology. C1 [Cox, David R.; Hibbard, Mary R.] Amer Board Profess Psychol, Board Trustees, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. [Hess, David W.] USN, Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Hibbard, Mary R.] NYU, Langone Med Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Layman, David E.; Stewart, Robert K., Jr.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. RP Cox, DR (reprint author), Amer Board Profess Psychol, Board Trustees, 600 Market St,Suite 300, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. EM drcox@abpp.org NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 41 IS 1 BP 82 EP 88 DI 10.1037/a0016411 PG 7 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 554ZL UT WOS:000274475600014 ER PT J AU Washburn, EB Parr, TP Hanson-Parr, DM AF Washburn, Ephraim B. Parr, Timothy P. Hanson-Parr, Donna M. TI Micro Videographic Analysis of the Melt Layer of Self-Deflagrating HMX and RDX SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE HMX; Melt Layer; RDX; Temperature Sensitivity ID COMBUSTION; PHASE AB Micro videographic analysis of the thin molten layer on the surface of HMX (Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) and RDX (Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3.5-triazine) during self deflagration were performed. This was done to gain a better understanding of the physical structure present in this 100-300 mu m layer and give a visual picture for the development of computational models. During steady-state combustion, RDX had a consistent melt layer with vigorous bubble formation. There was a continuous liquid layer throughout combustion and no foam was formed. The surface of HMX during steady-state combustion at ambient initial temperatures was an uneven layer of foam. Foam appeared to convect across the surface in undulating waves. At elevated initial temperatures, the HMX molten layer was a consistent foam layer in both time and space. Micro videography was also done with a diagnostic laser sheet as illumination to measure the melt layer thickness. The RDX bubbling layer was about 217 +/- 30 mu m thick. The HMX foam thickness varied from almost nothing to 660 mu m, with an average value of about 234 +/- 106 mu m. A one-dimensional multiphase propellant ingredient combustion model was modified to represent the foam structure better. A foam model used to model fire suppression foam was implemented. The void fraction had a consistent trend and the calculated burning rate temperature sensitivity increased to follow the experimental measured values better. C1 [Washburn, Ephraim B.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Parr, Timothy P.; Hanson-Parr, Donna M.] Jacobs Technol Corp, Ridgecrest, CA 93555 USA. RP Washburn, EB (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM ephraim.washburn@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N0001404WX20376] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research, contract no. N0001404WX20376. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 35 IS 1 BP 46 EP 52 DI 10.1002/prep.200800087 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 565AK UT WOS:000275260200007 ER PT J AU Hudson, LT Seely, JF AF Hudson, L. T. Seely, J. F. TI Laser-produced X-ray sources SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Forum on Future Directions in Atomic and Condensed Matter Research and Applications CY SEP 22-23, 2008 CL Parkville, AUSTRALIA DE Strong-field science; High-energy-density physics; X-ray metrology; Laser-produced plasmas; X-ray diagnostics; X-ray lasers; Laser-wake field; Inverse Compton; High-harmonic generation ID PLASMA INTERACTIONS; CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER; HARMONIC-GENERATION; INTENSE; ACCELERATION; INJECTION; PULSES; IGNITION; FIELD; SPECTROSCOPY AB A formidable array of advanced laser systems are emerging that produce extreme states of light and matter. By irradiating solid and gaseous targets with lasers of increasing energy densities, new physical regimes of radiation effects are being explored for the first time in controlled laboratory settings. One result that is being accomplished or pursued using a variety of techniques, is the realization of novel sources of X-rays with unprecedented characteristics and light-matter interactions, the mechanisms of which are in many cases still being elucidated. Examples include the megajoule class of laser-produced plasmas designed in pursuit of alternative-energy and security applications and the petawatt class of lasers used for fast ignition and X-ray radiographic applications such as medical imaging and real-time imaging of plasma hydrodynamics. As these technologies mature, increased emphasis will need to be placed on advanced instrumentation and diagnostic metrology to characterize the spectra, time structure, and absolute brightness of X-rays emitted by these unconventional sources. Such customized and absolutely calibrated measurement tools will serve as an enabling technology that can help in assessing the overall system performance and progress. as well as identification of the underlying interaction mechanisms of interest to basic and applied strong-field and high-energy-density science. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Hudson, L. T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Seely, J. F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hudson, LT (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM larry.hudson@nist.gov NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 79 IS 2 BP 132 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.01.012 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 532PY UT WOS:000272763100004 ER PT J AU Sloan, EP Philbin, NB Koenigsberg, MD Gao, WH AF Sloan, Edward P. Philbin, Nora B. Koenigsberg, Max D. Gao, Weihua CA DCLHB Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock European HOST Investigators TI THE LACK OF CONSISTENT DIASPIRIN CROSS-LINKED HEMOGLOBIN INFUSION BLOOD PRESSURE EFFECTS IN THE US AND EU TRAUMATIC HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK CLINICAL TRIALS SO SHOCK LA English DT Article DE Diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin; traumatic hemorrhagic shock; blood pressure; resuscitation; mortality; pressor effect ID HUMAN POLYMERIZED HEMOGLOBIN; ABDOMINAL AORTIC-ANEURYSM; ARTERY-BYPASS-SURGERY; OXYGEN CARRIER; CARDIAC-SURGERY; ORTHOPEDIC-SURGERY; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; CELL SUBSTITUTES; INJURY SEVERITY; CRITICALLY ILL AB Hemoglobin solutions have demonstrated a pressor effect that could adversely affect hemorrhagic shock patient resuscitation through accelerated hemorrhage, diminished perfusion, or inadequate resuscitation. Data from two parallel, multicenter traumatic hemorrhagic shock clinical trials in 17 US emergency departments and in 27 EU prehospital systems using diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb), a hemoglobin-based resuscitation fluid. In the 219 patients, patients were 37 years old, 64% sustained blunt injury, 48% received DCLHb, and 36% expired. Although mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure values differed at 2 of the 10 measured time points, blood pressure (BP) curve analysis showed no SBP, diastolic blood pressure, or MAP differences based on treatment. Although SBP values 160 and 120 mmHg or greater were 2.2x and 2.6x more frequently noted in survivors, they were not more common with DCLHb use or in DCLHb patients who expired in US study nonsurvivors or in any EU study patients. Systolic blood pressure values 160 and 120 mmHg or greater were 2.8x and 1.3x more frequently noted in DCLHb survivors as compared with normal saline survivors. Only 3% of the BP variation noted could be attributed to DCLHb use, and as expected, injury severity and baseline physiologic status were stronger predictors. In the United States alone, treatment group was not correlated by regression with BP at any time point. Neither mean BP readings nor elevated BP readings were correlated with DCLHb treatment of traumatic hemorrhagic shock patients. As such, no clinically demonstrable DCLHb pressor effect could be directly related to the adverse mortality outcome observed in. the US study. C1 [Sloan, Edward P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Emergency Med, Coll Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Philbin, Nora B.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Koenigsberg, Max D.] Advocate Illinois Masonic Med Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. [Gao, Weihua] Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Sloan, EP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Emergency Med, Coll Med, Mail Code 724,Rm 471H CME,808 S Wood St, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM edsloan@uic.edu FU Henry M. Jackson Foundation FX This research was supported by a contract with the Henry M. Jackson Foundation. Dr. Sloan provided consultation to Northfield Inc on February 29, 2009, regarding PolyHeme and to Biopure Inc on May 2006 as part of a data safety monitoring activity for HBOC-201. Dr. Sloan also provided consultation to Biopure Inc in 2005 regarding the clinical trials of HBOC-201. NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PD FEB PY 2010 VL 33 IS 2 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1097/SHK.0b013e3181ac482b PG 11 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 545QT UT WOS:000273752200003 PM 20092028 ER PT J AU Villanueva, AA Joshi, KB Blottman, JB Priya, S AF Villanueva, A. A. Joshi, K. B. Blottman, J. B. Priya, S. TI A bio-inspired shape memory alloy composite (BISMAC) actuator SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID JELLYFISH; LOCOMOTION AB A beam-shape composite actuator using shape memory alloy (SMA) wires as the active component, termed a Bio-Inspired Shape Memory Alloy Composite (BISMAC), was designed to provide a large deformation profile. The BISMAC design was inspired by contraction of a jellyfish bell, utilizing the rowing mechanism for locomotion. Characterization of maximum deformation in underwater conditions was performed for different actuator configurations to analyze the effect of different design parameters, including silicone thickness, flexible steel thickness and distance between the SMA and flexible steel. A constant cross-section (CC)-BISMAC of length 16 cm was found to achieve deformation with a radius of curvature of 3.5 cm. Under equilibrium conditions, the CC-BISMAC was found to achieve 80% of maximum deformation, consuming 7.9 J/cycle driven at 16.2 V/0.98 A and a frequency of 0.25 Hz. A detailed analytical model was developed using the transfer matrix method and a 1D finite beam element (FE) model to simulate the behavior of the BISMAC incorporating gravity, buoyancy and SMA parameters. The FE and transfer matrix models had a maximum deformation error norm of 1.505 and 1.917 cm in comparison with experimentally observed beam deformation in the CC-BISMAC. The mean curvatures predicted by the FE and transfer matrix methods were 0.292 cm(-1) and 0.295 cm(-1) compared to a mean experimental curvature of 0.294 cm(-1), a percentage error of -5.4% and 2.77%, respectively. Using the developed analytical model, an actuator design was fabricated mimicking the maximum deformation profile of jellyfish of the species Aurelia aurita (AA). The designed AA-BISMAC achieved a maximum curvature of 0.428 cm(-1) as compared to 0.438 cm(-1) for A. aurita with an average square root error of 0.043 cm(-1), 10.2% of maximum A. aurita curvature. C1 [Villanueva, A. A.; Joshi, K. B.; Priya, S.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, CIMSS, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Blottman, J. B.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Priya, S (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, CIMSS, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM spriya@vt.edu RI Joshi, Keyur/C-4557-2014 OI Joshi, Keyur/0000-0002-0751-785X FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-0654] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Office of Naval Research through the MURI program (N00014-08-1-0654). The authors would also like to thank Professor John H Costello, Providence College, Providence, RI, and Professor John O Dabiri, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, for continuous stimulating discussions on jellyfish. NR 27 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 25 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 19 IS 2 AR 025013 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/19/2/025013 PG 17 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 544FX UT WOS:000273640000013 ER PT J AU Seda, G Amundson, D Lin, MY AF Seda, Gilbert Amundson, Dennis Lin, Mercury Y. TI Predominant Cartilaginous Hamartoma: An Unusual Variant of Chondromatous Hamartoma SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hamartomas; neoplasm ID PULMONARY HAMARTOMA; TUMORS AB Chondromatous hamartomas are the most common benign lung tumors and the third most common pulmonary nodule. Histologically, they are characteristically composed of hyaline cartilage mixed with fibromyxoid stroma and adipose tissue surrounded by epithelial cells. We report the case of a healthy, 60-year-old woman with an incidentally discovered chondromatous hamartoma that was thorascopically excised. Her pulmonary hamartoma was predominantly cartilaginous, which only occurs in 1% of hamartomas. C1 [Seda, Gilbert; Amundson, Dennis; Lin, Mercury Y.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Pulm & Crit Care, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Seda, G (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Pulm & Crit Care, Suite 301,34730 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM gilbert.seda@med.navy.mil NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 103 IS 2 BP 169 EP 171 DI 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181c98c8b PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 604OS UT WOS:000278289000020 PM 20065908 ER PT J AU Huntley, WL Bock, JG Weingartner, M AF Huntley, Wade L. Bock, Joseph G. Weingartner, Miranda TI Planning the unplannable: Scenarios on the future of space SO SPACE POLICY LA English DT Article AB This article explores the use of scenario analysis as a methodology to rigorously analyze potential space futures, particularly with respect to space security challenges, in the context of rapid and uncertain change across several dimensions of human space activities. The successful use of scenario analysis in other (e.g. corporate and military) sectors is described and results of an initial scenario analysis workshop are presented. Scenario analysis is recommended as a promising approach to evaluating the long-term consequences of various policy choices in the context of uncertainty, and as a process well-suited to fostering communication and building consensual knowledge among diverse stakeholders. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Huntley, Wade L.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Bock, Joseph G.] Kroc Inst Int Peace Studies, Notre Dame, IN USA. RP Huntley, WL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM wlhuntle@nps.edu RI Bock, Joseph/B-7688-2013; OI Bock, Joseph/0000-0002-4130-1171 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-9646 J9 SPACE POLICY JI Space Policy PD FEB PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 25 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.spacepol.2009.11.007 PG 14 WC International Relations; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC International Relations; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 569GI UT WOS:000275584200004 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Fan, CW AF Chu, Peter C. Fan, Chenwu TI Space-Time Transformation in Flux-form Semi-Lagrangian Schemes SO TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE TFSL scheme; Flux-form semi-Lagrangian scheme; Characteristic line; Advection-diffusion equation; Finite volume; Conservative finite difference; Equatorial Rossby soliton ID COMPACT DIFFERENCE SCHEME; TRANSPORT AB With a finite volume approach, a flux-form semi-Lagrangian (TFSL) scheme with space-time transformation was developed to provide stable and accurate algorithm in solving the advection-diffusion equation. Different from the existing flux-form semi-Lagrangian schemes, the temporal integration of the flux from the present to the next time step is transformed into a spatial integration of the flux at the side of a grid cell (space) for the present time step using the characteristic-line concept. The TFSL scheme not only keeps the good features of the semi-Lagrangian schemes (no Courant number limitation), but also has higher accuracy (of a second order in both time and space). The capability of the TFSL scheme is demonstrated by the simulation of the equatorial Rossby-soliton propagation. Computational stability and high accuracy makes this scheme useful in ocean modeling, computational fluid dynamics, and numerical weather prediction. C1 [Chu, Peter C.; Fan, Chenwu] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Oceanographic Office; Naval Postgraduate School FX The Office of Naval Research, the Naval Oceanographic Office, and the Naval Postgraduate School supported this study. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHINESE GEOSCIENCE UNION PI TAIPEI PA PO BOX 23-59, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 1017-0839 J9 TERR ATMOS OCEAN SCI JI Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 21 IS 1 SI SI BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.3319/TAO.2009.05.25.01(IWNOP) PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 575MS UT WOS:000276071800003 ER PT J AU Anderson, GP Kowtha, VA Taitt, CR AF Anderson, George P. Kowtha, Vasudha A. Taitt, Chris R. TI Detection of Fumonisin B1 and Ochratoxin A in Grain Products Using Microsphere-Based Fluid Array Immunoassays SO TOXINS LA English DT Article DE mycotoxin; immunoassay; bead array; fumonisin; ochratoxin; detection AB Grain products are a staple of diets worldwide and therefore, the ability to accurately and efficiently detect foodborne contaminants such as mycotoxins is of importance to everyone. Here we describe an indirect competitive fluid array fluoroimmunoassay to quantify the mycotoxins, fumonisin B1 and ochratoxin A. Both toxins were immobilized to the surface of microspheres using a variety of intermediate molecules and binding of biotinylated "tracer" antibody tracers determined through flow cytometry using streptavidin-phycoerythrin conjugates and the Luminex100 flow cytometer. Competitive assays were developed where the binding of biotinylated monoclonal antibodies to fumonisin B and ochratoxin A was competitively inhibited by different concentrations of those toxins in solution. Concentrations of fumonisin giving 50% inhibition were 300 pg/mL in buffer, 100 ng/g in spiked oats, and 1 mu g/g in spiked cornmeal; analogous concentrations for ochratoxin A were 30 ng/mL in buffer, 30 ng/g in spiked oats, and 10 ng/g in spiked corn. The future challenge will be to expand the number of mycotoxins tested both individually and in multiplexed format using this platform. C1 [Anderson, George P.; Kowtha, Vasudha A.; Taitt, Chris R.] USN, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM george.anderson@nrl.navy.mil; chris.taitt@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 FU National Science Foundation; ONR/NRL 6.2 work unit 6336 FX The authors would like to thank Caitlin Bozman for her assistance with this project. V.A.K. was supported by the National Science Foundation's Science and Engineering Apprentice Program. This research was supported by ONR/NRL 6.2 work unit 6336. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not represent the opinions of the US Navy, the US Department of Defense, or the US Government. NR 23 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 20 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6651 J9 TOXINS JI Toxins PD FEB PY 2010 VL 2 IS 2 BP 297 EP 309 DI 10.3390/toxins2020297 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA V24UF UT WOS:000208434600006 PM 22069585 ER PT J AU Palapattu, GS Singer, EA Messing, EM AF Palapattu, Ganesh S. Singer, Eric A. Messing, Edward M. TI Controversies Surrounding Lymph Node Dissection for Prostate Cancer SO UROLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Lymph node dissection; Lymph node; Prostate cancer; Lymphadenectomy; Radical prostatectomy; Review ID EXTENDED PELVIC LYMPHADENECTOMY; RADICAL RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY; DISEASE PROGRESSION; PATHOLOGICAL STAGE; BLADDER-CANCER; PARTIN TABLES; ANTIGEN ERA; METASTASES; MEN; MANAGEMENT AB Despite the high frequency with which radical prostatectomy is used to treat prostate cancer, uncertainty exists regarding the merits of a simultaneous pelvic lymph node dissection. Unresolved issues include identifying the optimal candidate and selecting the appropriate surgical template, among others. In this article, the authors discuss the pros and cons of performing a pelvic lymph node dissection and the staging/diagnostic and therapeutic implications of this procedure. The lack of robust randomized clinical trials in the literature necessitates a careful analysis of retrospective and case series data. C1 [Palapattu, Ganesh S.] Methodist Hosp, Dept Urol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Singer, Eric A.] USN Hosp, NCI, Urol Oncol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Messing, Edward M.] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Palapattu, GS (reprint author), Methodist Hosp, Dept Urol, 6560 Fannin,Suite 2100, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM gpalapattu@tmhs.org FU Clinical Fellowship Training Program [Z01 BC 011023]; NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research FX Funding support to acknowledge: Z01 BC 011023 Clinical Fellowship Training Program.; This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research. NR 72 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0094-0143 J9 UROL CLIN N AM JI Urol. Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 37 IS 1 BP 57 EP + DI 10.1016/j.ucl.2009.11.002 PG 10 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 617CN UT WOS:000279258500008 PM 20152520 ER PT J AU Dorner, RW Hardy, DR Williams, FW Willauer, HD AF Dorner, Robert W. Hardy, Dennis R. Williams, Frederick W. Willauer, Heather D. TI K and Mn doped iron-based CO2 hydrogenation catalysts: Detection of KAlH4 as part of the catalyst's active phase SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE Iron catalyst; CO2 hydrogenation; KAlH4 ID FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS; ALUMINA-SUPPORTED IRON; POTASSIUM PROMOTER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FE; MANGANESE; HYDROCARBONS; GAS; CHEMISORPTION; PERFORMANCE AB Hydrogenation of CO2 to hydrocarbons is investigated over iron-based catalysts supported on gamma-alumina to produce unsaturated hydrocarbons as feedstock chemicals for jet-fuel synthesis. Over 40% conversion levels can be achieved by doping this catalyst with Mn and K, along with an olefin/paraffin ratio of over 4. The doping levels played a crucial role in the product distribution as well as CO2 conversion yields, with over doping leading to suppression of the desirable hydrocarbon products. The characterization of the catalyst showed the presence of KAlH4 as part of the catalyst's active phase, acting as a reversible H-2 reservoir and as a center for H-2 activation. Characterization of the catalysts by XRD, XPS, and SEM sheds light on the role each dopant had on the overall catalyst's activity and product distribution. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dorner, Robert W.; Hardy, Dennis R.; Williams, Frederick W.; Willauer, Heather D.] USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr, Safety & Survivabil Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dorner, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr, Safety & Survivabil Branch, Code 6180,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM robert.dorner.ctr.uk@nrl.navy.mil; Heather.Willauer@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research both directly and through the Naval Research Laboratory. The research was performed while RWD held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory. The authors acknowledge the valuable input from Dr. Dmitri Y. Petrovykh. NR 36 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 5 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD JAN 31 PY 2010 VL 373 IS 1-2 BP 112 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.apcata.2009.11.005 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 553LH UT WOS:000274367700010 ER PT J AU Goldman, ER Anderson, GP Bernstein, RD Swain, MD AF Goldman, Ellen R. Anderson, George P. Bernstein, Rachael D. Swain, Marla D. TI Amplification of immunoassays using phage-displayed single domain antibodies SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Single domain antibody; Rugged; Detection; Biosensor; Immunoassay; M-13 phage display ID SELECTION; FRAGMENTS; RICIN AB Single domain antibodies (sdAb) are recombinantly produced variable domains derived from the heavy-chain only antibodies found in camelids. Previously, we selected sdAb that were specific for both ricin and botulinum A (BoNT A) toxin complex from phage display libraries of sdAb and evaluated the solubly expressed protein. Here, phage-displayed sdAb were used as reporter reagents and compared to soluble, unfused sdAb. We found that using phage-displayed sdAb as reporter elements in immunoassay formats gave improved detection over using unfused, soluble sdAb reporters. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), the lowest level of toxin detected for both ricin and BoNT A toxoid complex was decreased by one to two orders of magnitude using phage-displayed sdAb as reporter reagents. Use of the phage preserved the ability to discriminate ricin and RCA120 by at least a factor of 10 fold. In an effort to reduce the number of steps in the assays, we directly labeled phage displaying sdAb with a Cy-3 fluorescent dye. Signal was greatly decreased using the dye-labeled phage compared to biotinylated phage followed by streptavidin-phycoerythrin. In these assays the use of phage-displayed sdAb gives more sensitive detection than soluble sdAb alone, however directly dye labeling the phage failed to provide responses of a similar magnitude. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Goldman, Ellen R.; Anderson, George P.; Swain, Marla D.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bernstein, Rachael D.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Goldman, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ellen.goldman@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 FU Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense/Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX This research was supported by Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense/Defense Threat Reduction Agency. The opinions expressed here are those of the authors and do not represent those of the US Navy, the US Department of Defense, or the US government. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD JAN 31 PY 2010 VL 352 IS 1-2 BP 182 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2009.10.014 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 550BO UT WOS:000274102000023 PM 19895814 ER PT J AU Slavin, JA Lepping, RP Wu, CC Anderson, BJ Baker, DN Benna, M Boardsen, SA Killen, RM Korth, H Krimigis, SM McClintock, WE McNutt, RL Sarantos, M Schriver, D Solomon, SC Travnicek, P Zurbuchen, TH AF Slavin, James A. Lepping, Ronald P. Wu, Chin-Chun Anderson, Brian J. Baker, Daniel N. Benna, Mehdi Boardsen, Scott A. Killen, Rosemary M. Korth, Haje Krimigis, Stamatios M. McClintock, William E. McNutt, Ralph L., Jr. Sarantos, Menelaos Schriver, David Solomon, Sean C. Travnicek, Pavel Zurbuchen, Thomas H. TI MESSENGER observations of large flux transfer events at Mercury SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC CLOUDS; 1ST FLYBY; MAGNETOPAUSE; MAGNETOSPHERE; RECONNECTION; FIELD; MODEL AB Six flux transfer events (FTEs) were encountered during MESSENGER's first two flybys of Mercury (M1 and M2). For M1 the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) was predominantly northward and four FTEs with durations of 1 to 6 s were observed in the magnetosheath following southward IMF turnings. The IMF was steadily southward during M2, and an FTE 4 s in duration was observed just inside the dawn magnetopause followed similar to 32 s later by a 7-s FTE in the magnetosheath. Flux rope models were fit to the magnetic field data to determine FTE dimensions and flux content. The largest FTE observed by MESSENGER had a diameter of similar to 1 R(M) (where R(M) is Mercury's radius), and its open magnetic field increased the fraction of the surface exposed to the solar wind by 10-20 percent and contributed up to similar to 30 kV to the cross-magnetospheric electric potential. Citation: Slavin, J. A., et al. (2010), MESSENGER observations of large flux transfer events at Mercury, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L02105, doi:10.1029/2009GL041485. C1 [Slavin, James A.; Lepping, Ronald P.; Boardsen, Scott A.; Sarantos, Menelaos] NASA, Heliophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wu, Chin-Chun] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Anderson, Brian J.; Korth, Haje; Krimigis, Stamatios M.; McNutt, Ralph L., Jr.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Baker, Daniel N.; McClintock, William E.] Acad Athens, Off Space Res & Technol, Athens, Greece. [Benna, Mehdi; Killen, Rosemary M.] Univ Colorado, Lab Solar & Atmospher Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Krimigis, Stamatios M.] NASA, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Schriver, David] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Solomon, Sean C.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Travnicek, Pavel] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Astron Inst, CZ-14131 Prague, Czech Republic. [Zurbuchen, Thomas H.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Slavin, JA (reprint author), NASA, Heliophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM james.a.slavin@nasa.gov RI Anderson, Brian/I-8615-2012; Slavin, James/H-3170-2012; McNutt, Ralph/E-8006-2010; Sarantos, Menelaos/H-8136-2013; Travnicek, Pavel/G-8608-2014; Benna, Mehdi/F-3489-2012 OI Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X; McNutt, Ralph/0000-0002-4722-9166; FU NASA [NASW-00002, NAS5-97271] FX Computational assistance and data visualization support provided by J. Feggans are gratefully acknowledged. Conversations with S. Imber and A. Glocer are appreciated. The MESSENGER project is supported by the NASA Discovery Program under contracts NASW-00002 to the Carnegie Institution of Washington and NAS5-97271 to the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 29 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L02105 DI 10.1029/2009GL041485 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 550KI UT WOS:000274126300004 ER PT J AU Petrova, TB Whitney, KG Davis, J AF Petrova, Tz B. Whitney, K. G. Davis, J. TI A gain model for x-ray lasing at similar to 2.8 angstrom in an intense laser irradiated gas of xenon clusters SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINATION RATE COEFFICIENTS; LAMBDA-SIMILAR-TO-2.9 ANGSTROM; XE(L) AMPLIFIER; PLASMAS; AMPLIFICATION; EMISSION; ISOSEQUENCES; MECHANISM; DYNAMICS; MG AB A variety of experiments have been carried out (Borisov et al 2008 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 41 105602) in which a gas of xenon clusters containing between 5 and 20 atoms/cluster (Schroeder et al 2001 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 34 297) was irradiated with a similar to 230 fs pulse of 248 nm laser radiation focused to an intensity level of similar to 1.6 x 10(19) Wcm(-2). In these experiments, a channel was formed as the laser beam self-focused. Amplified x-ray emissions at similar to 2.8 angstrom were observed along the direction of the channel with measured gain coefficients of between 27 and 104 cm(-1) being cited. In this paper, a xenon gain model is assembled, built from FAC generated data (Gu 2008 Can. J. Phys. 86 675), which allows gains comparable in magnitude to be calculated under a set of restrictive assumptions about the laser beam-cluster dynamics. The model includes a detailed description of the ionization and excitation dynamics of the Ni- and Co-like ionization stages into which a description of hole state generation in Co-like xenon is made through the photoionization (or collisional ionization) of 2s and 2p electrons. Our calculations show that, under specialized initial conditions and sufficiently high pumping rates, gains larger than 50 cm(-1) are achievable in one of the seven radiative decays of the Co-like hole states. The calculated gains are sensitive to the ion density, the risetime of the photoionization rates and the early time heating rate of the cluster plasma. C1 [Petrova, Tz B.; Davis, J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Whitney, K. G.] Berkeley Scholars Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Petrova, TB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lina.petrova@nrl.navy.mil FU DOE/NNSA [DENA0000168]; NRL FX This work was supported by DOE/NNSA under contract DENA0000168 and NRL under the 6.1 program. We also thank DARPA for initially launching the research. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 2 AR 025601 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/43/2/025601 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 541RL UT WOS:000273436800015 ER PT J AU Feldman, WC Lawrence, DJ Goldsten, JO Gold, RE Baker, DN Haggerty, DK Ho, GC Krucker, S Lin, RP Mewaldt, RA Murphy, RJ Nittler, LR Rhodes, EA Slavin, JA Solomon, SC Starr, RD Vilas, F Vourlidas, A AF Feldman, William C. Lawrence, David J. Goldsten, John O. Gold, Robert E. Baker, Daniel N. Haggerty, Dennis K. Ho, George C. Krucker, Saem Lin, Robert P. Mewaldt, Richard A. Murphy, Ronald J. Nittler, Larry R. Rhodes, Edgar A. Slavin, James A. Solomon, Sean C. Starr, Richard D. Vilas, Faith Vourlidas, Angelos TI Evidence for extended acceleration of solar flare ions from 1-8 MeV solar neutrons detected with the MESSENGER Neutron Spectrometer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; ENERGETIC PARTICLE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SPACECRAFT; EMISSION; INSTRUMENT; SPECTRA; MISSION; RHESSI AB Neutrons produced on the Sun during the M2 flare on 31 December 2007 were observed at 0.48 AU by the MESSENGER Neutron Spectrometer. These observations are the first detection of solar neutrons inside 1 AU. This flare contained multiple acceleration episodes as seen in type III radio bursts. After these bursts ended, both the energetic particle and neutron fluxes decayed smoothly to background with an e-folding decay time of 2.84 h, spanning a 9 h time period. This time is considerably longer than the mean lifetime of a neutron, which indicates that either the observed neutrons were generated in the spacecraft by solar energetic particle protons, or they originated on the Sun. If most of the neutrons came from the Sun, as our simulations of neutron production on the spacecraft show, they must have been continuously produced. A likely explanation of their long duration is that energetic ions were accelerated over an extended time period onto closed magnetic arcades above the corona and then slowly pitch angle-scattered by coronal turbulence into their chromospheric loss cones. Because of their relatively low energy loss in the Neutron Spectrometer (0.5-7.5 MeV), most of these neutrons beta decay to energetic protons and electrons close to the Sun, thereby forming an extended seed population available for further acceleration by subsequent shocks driven by coronal mass ejections in interplanetary space. C1 [Feldman, William C.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Baker, Daniel N.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Lawrence, David J.; Goldsten, John O.; Gold, Robert E.; Haggerty, Dennis K.; Ho, George C.; Rhodes, Edgar A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Krucker, Saem; Lin, Robert P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mewaldt, Richard A.; Vourlidas, Angelos] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Murphy, Ronald J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nittler, Larry R.; Solomon, Sean C.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Slavin, James A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Starr, Richard D.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Vilas, Faith] Univ Arizona, MMT Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Feldman, WC (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM feldman@psi.edu RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Slavin, James/H-3170-2012; Ho, George/G-3650-2015; Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X; Ho, George/0000-0003-1093-2066; Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667 FU NASA Discovery Program [NNX-08AI11G] FX The MESSENGER mission is supported by the NASA Discovery Program. We are grateful to the entire MESSENGER team for making the mission a success. Special thanks go to Brian Anderson for his essential contributions to the Magnetometer instrument. This work was carried out under the auspices of the Planetary Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, and all of the institutions of the coauthored team. The work at Caltech was supported by NASA under grant NNX-08AI11G, and W. C. Feldman also thanks the Los Alamos National Laboratory for providing an office and access to their library during parts of this project. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 23 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A01102 DI 10.1029/2009JA014535 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547RN UT WOS:000273906900004 ER PT J AU Parks, AD AF Parks, A. D. TI Weak values and the Aharonov-Vaidman gauge SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM SYSTEM; SPIN; REALIZATION; COMPONENT; TIME AB The Aharonov-Vaidman gauge-which additively transforms the mean value of a quantum mechanical observable into an associated weak value-is introduced. It is shown that the unusual eccentric properties of weak values are inherited from this gauge and that a weak value of an observable can be considered as its mean value measured in the Aharonov-Vaidman gauge. The total time derivative of this sum also transforms an observable's mean value equation of motion into the associated weak value equation of motion and it is shown that the weak energy of evolution which influences the evolution of a weak value is intrinsic to the rate of change of the Aharonov-Vaidman gauge. Both of these equations of motion can be expressed in terms of time varying generalized coordinates and their rates of change. These equations satisfy the Euler-Lagrange equations which-in turn-define conjugate momenta and provide for their coordinate/momentum/time Poincare representations. The underlying mathematical forms of these two representations are identical except for three symbols which distinguish them physically and identify three simple replacement operations that are required to transform the mean value Poincare representation into the weak value Poincare representation. This transformational relationship between Poincare representations defines the notion of quasi-form invariance and the replacement operations encode the peculiar physical properties induced by the Aharonov-Vaidman gauge, i.e. the complexification and increased dimension of phase space, and the absorption of the weak energy of evolution by the conjugate momenta. Simple examples are used to illustrate the theory. C1 USN, Quantum Proc Grp, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Parks, AD (reprint author), USN, Quantum Proc Grp, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM allen.parks@navy.mil NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD JAN 22 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 3 AR 035305 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/43/3/035305 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 534TE UT WOS:000272919400013 ER PT J AU Pace, PE Ng, CY AF Pace, P. E. Ng, C. Y. TI Costas CW frequency hopping radar waveform: peak sidelobe improvement using Golay complementary sequences SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The use of Golay complementary sequences to encode Costas frequency hopping continuous waveforms (CW) in order improve the range (time) sidelobe behaviour of received radar signals compared to classical techniques such as Barker coding is investigated for the first time. Sidelobe reduction is quantified using the aperiodic autocorrelation function and the periodic autocorrelation function. The results are compared with the same frequency hopping waveform encoded with a 13-bit Barker code. The results show that a 16 dB improvement in peak sidelobe performance is achieved over Barker coding using Golay complementary sequences with a code length of only 2(3) and a 26 dB improvement with code length 2(8). C1 [Pace, P. E.; Ng, C. Y.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pace, PE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pepace@nps.edu NR 6 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JAN 21 PY 2010 VL 46 IS 2 BP 169 EP U97 DI 10.1049/el.2010.2209 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 547LJ UT WOS:000273889600044 ER PT J AU McKinney, BE Urban, JJ AF McKinney, Brian E. Urban, Joseph J. TI Fluoroolefins as Peptidie Mimetics. 2. A Computational Study of the Conformational Ramifications of Peptide Bond Replacement SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-FORCE FIELD; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; POLARIZABLE CONTINUUM MODEL; ALANINE DIPEPTIDE; INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; CHARGE-DISTRIBUTION; ISOSTERES; FLUORINE; MMFF94 AB The design of peptide mimetic compounds is greatly facilitated by the identification of functionalities that call act as peptide replacements. The fluoroalkene moiety has recently been employed for that purpose. The purpose of this work is to examine the conformational ramifications of replacing peptide bonds with fluoroalkene moieties, thus generating peptidomimetics. the alanine dipeptide analogue (ADA) was chosen as a model compound. Three peptidomimetic systems were investigated including one generated by replacement of both peptide bonds of ADA, designated as DFA, and those generated by the single replacement of the C-terminal peptide bond and N-terminal peptide bond, designated as CFA and NFA, respectively. Conformations for all three systems were generated by exhaustive Monte Carlo searching. Relative conformational energies were calculated at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ/MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ (for DFA), MP2/-aug-cc-pVTZ/MP2/6-311+G(d,p), B3LYP/6-31+G(d)//B3LYP/6-31+G(d), and MMFF levels of theory. Aqueous phase conformational preferences were determined through calculations making use of continuum hydration models. The results indicate that replacement of both peptide bonds of ADA generates a peptidomimetic with conformational preferences where extended conformations are favored and the conformational profile is relatively insensitive to the nature of the Surrounding medium. This is in contrast to ADA where the conformational preferences depend highly on the surrounding medium and where folded conformations with intramolecular hydrogen bonds are important in the absence of all interacting solvent. CFA and NFA are found to exhibit conformational preferences that do in some ways more closely resemble those of the alanine dipeptide analogue. This is particularly true ill the ease of NFA where interactions between the NH and CF groups are reminiscent of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding possible in ADA. C1 [McKinney, Brian E.; Urban, Joseph J.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Urban, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM urban@usna.edu FU Naval Academy Research Council; Naval Academy Research Office/ONR; DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program FX Financial support for this work was provided from the Naval Academy Research Council. B.E.M. received support from Naval Academy Research Office/ONR. A grant Of computing time was also received from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. This Support is gratefully acknowledged. NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 21 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 2 BP 1123 EP 1133 DI 10.1021/jp9094535 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 541FN UT WOS:000273400600054 PM 20000722 ER PT J AU Lee, ZP Arnone, R Hu, CM Werdell, PJ Lubac, B AF Lee, ZhongPing Arnone, Robert Hu, Chuanmin Werdell, P. Jeremy Lubac, Bertrand TI Uncertainties of optical parameters and their propagations in an analytical ocean color inversion algorithm SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID CLEAREST NATURAL-WATERS; REMOTE-SENSING REFLECTANCE; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; THEORETICAL DERIVATION; LEAVING RADIANCE; MODEL; CHLOROPHYLL; ABSORPTION; PHYTOPLANKTON; BACKSCATTERING AB Following the theory of error propagation, we developed analytical functions to illustrate and evaluate the uncertainties of inherent optical properties (IOPs) derived by the quasi-analytical algorithm (QAA). In particular, we evaluated the effects of uncertainties of these optical parameters on the inverted IOPs: the absorption coefficient at the reference wavelength, the extrapolation of particle backscattering coefficient, and the spectral ratios of absorption coefficients of phytoplankton and detritus/gelbstoff, respectively. With a systematically simulated data set (46,200 points), we found that the relative uncertainty of QAA-derived total absorption coefficients in the blue-green wavelengths is generally within +/- 10% for oceanic waters. The results of this study not only establish theoretical bases to evaluate and understand the effects of the various variables on IOPs derived from remote-sensing reflectance, but also lay the groundwork to analytically estimate uncertainties of these IOPs for each pixel. These are required and important steps for the generation of quality maps of IOP products derived from satellite ocean color remote sensing. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Lee, ZhongPing; Lubac, Bertrand] Mississippi State Univ, No Gulf Inst, Stennis Space Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39529 USA. [Arnone, Robert; Lubac, Bertrand] Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39529 USA. [Hu, Chuanmin] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Werdell, P. Jeremy] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lee, ZP (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, No Gulf Inst, Stennis Space Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39529 USA. EM zplee@ngi.msstate.edu RI Werdell, Jeremy/D-8265-2012; hu, chuanmin/J-5021-2012 FU NASA's Biology and Biogeochemistry and Water- and Energy Cycle Programs; Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors are grateful for the financial support provided by NASA's Biology and Biogeochemistry and Water- and Energy Cycle Programs and by the Naval Research Laboratory. We also thank Emmanuel Boss and an anonymous reviewer for the comments and suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 60 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 19 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 20 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 3 BP 369 EP 381 DI 10.1364/AO.49.000369 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 547II UT WOS:000273880200013 PM 20090801 ER PT J AU Dai, X Kochanek, CS Chartas, G Kozlowski, S Morgan, CW Garmire, G Agol, E AF Dai, X. Kochanek, C. S. Chartas, G. Kozlowski, S. Morgan, C. W. Garmire, G. Agol, E. TI THE SIZES OF THE X-RAY AND OPTICAL EMISSION REGIONS OF RXJ 1131-1231 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; gravitational lensing; quasars: individual (RXJ 1131-1231) ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED QUASAR; ACCRETION DISKS; QSO 2237+0305; BLACK-HOLE; CONTINUUM EMISSION; MASS FUNCTION; PG 1115+080; Q2237+0305; GALAXIES AB We use gravitational microlensing of the four images of the z = 0.658 quasar RXJ 1131-1231 to measure the sizes of the optical and X-ray emission regions of the quasar. The (face-on) scale length of the optical disk at rest frame 400 nm is R(lambda,O) = 1.3 x 10(15) cm, while the half-light radius of the rest frame 0.3-17 keV X-ray emission is R(1/2,X) = 2.3 x 10(14) cm. The formal uncertainties are factors of 1.6 and 2.0, respectively. With the exception of the lower limit on the X-ray size, the results are very stable against any changes in the priors used in the analysis. Based on the H beta line width, we estimate that the black hole mass is M(1131) similar or equal to 10(8) M(circle dot), which corresponds to a gravitational radius of r(g) similar or equal to 2 x 10(13) cm. Thus, the X-ray emission is emerging on scales of similar to 10r(g) and the 400 nm emission on scales of similar to 70r(g). A standard thin disk of this size should be significantly brighter than observed. Possible solutions are to have a flatter temperature profile or to scatter a large fraction of the optical flux on larger scales after it is emitted. While our calculations were not optimized to constrain the dark matter fraction in the lens galaxy, dark matter-dominated models are favored. With well-sampled optical and X-ray light curves over a broad range of frequencies, there will be no difficulty in extending our analysis to completely map the structure of the accretion disk as a function of wavelength. C1 [Dai, X.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kochanek, C. S.; Kozlowski, S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kochanek, C. S.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Chartas, G.; Garmire, G.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Morgan, C. W.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Agol, E.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Dai, X (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 500 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Agol, Eric/B-8775-2013; Kozlowski, Szymon/G-4799-2013; Dai, Xinyu/B-5735-2011 OI Agol, Eric/0000-0002-0802-9145; Kozlowski, Szymon/0000-0003-4084-880X; Dai, Xinyu/0000-0001-9203-2808 FU NASA [GTO-07700072]; NSF [AST 0708082]; SAO [SV4-74018] FX We thank M. Dietrich, P. Osmer, B. Peterson, and R. Pogge for many discussions on quasar structure, and O. Blaes for his comments. We thank D. Sluse for providing estimates of the R-band line contamination in their VLT spectra of the system. The calculations in this paper were carried out on a Beowulf cluster obtained as part of the Cluster Ohio program of the Ohio Supercomputer Center. Support for this work at OSU was provided by NASA through Chandra Award GTO-07700072 and by the NSF through grant AST 0708082. The PSU portion of this work was supported by SAO contract SV4-74018. NR 49 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2010 VL 709 IS 1 BP 278 EP 285 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/709/1/278 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 539TY UT WOS:000273282500024 ER PT J AU Podladchikova, O Vourlidas, A Van der Linden, RAM Wulser, JP Patsourakos, S AF Podladchikova, O. Vourlidas, A. Van der Linden, R. A. M. Wuelser, J. -P. Patsourakos, S. TI EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET OBSERVATIONS AND ANALYSIS OF MICRO-ERUPTIONS AND THEIR ASSOCIATED CORONAL WAVES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: UV radiation; waves ID EIT WAVES; QUIET SUN; AUTOMATED DETECTION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MASS EJECTIONS; CME; REGIONS; FILAMENT; DIMMINGS; CATALOG AB The Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory EUV telescopes have uncovered small-scale eruptive events, tentatively referred to as "mini-CMEs" because they exhibit morphologies similar to large-scale coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Coronal waves and widespread diffuse dimmings followed by the expansion of the coronal waves are the most brightly manifestations of large-scale CMEs. The high temporal and spatial resolution of the EUV data allows us to detect and analyze these eruptive events, to resolve their fine structure, and to show that the observed "mini-waves" have a strong similarity to the large-scale "EIT' waves. Here, we analyze a micro-event observed on 2007 October 17 by the Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation EUV Imager (EUVI) in 171 angstrom (Fe IX) with a 2.5 minute cadence. The mini-CME differs from its large-scale counterparts by having smaller geometrical size, a shorter lifetime, and reduced intensity of coronal wave and dimmings. The small-scale coronal wave develops from micro-flaring sites and propagate up to a distance of 40,000 km in a wide angular sector of the quiet Sun over 20 minutes. The area of the small-scale dimming is two orders of magnitude smaller than for large-scale events. The average speed of the small-scale coronal wave studied is 14 km s(-1). Our observations give strong indications that small-scale EUV coronal waves associated with the micro-eruptions propagate in the form of slow mode waves almost perpendicular to the background magnetic field. C1 [Podladchikova, O.; Van der Linden, R. A. M.] Royal Observ Belgium, STCE SIDC, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Vourlidas, A.; Patsourakos, S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wuelser, J. -P.] Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Podladchikova, O (reprint author), Royal Observ Belgium, STCE SIDC, Ringlaan 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. EM Elena.Podladchikova@oma.be; vourlidas@nrl.navy.mil; Ronald.Vanderlinden@oma.be; wuelser@lmsal.com; patsourakos@nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 51 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2010 VL 709 IS 1 BP 369 EP 376 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/709/1/369 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 539TY UT WOS:000273282500034 ER PT J AU Stievater, TH Park, D Rabinovich, WS Pruessner, MW Kanakaraju, S Richardson, CJK Khurgin, JB AF Stievater, T. H. Park, D. Rabinovich, W. S. Pruessner, M. W. Kanakaraju, S. Richardson, C. J. K. Khurgin, J. B. TI Enhanced Electro-Optic Phase Shifts in Suspended Waveguides SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID 1.55 MU-M; MODULATORS; REFLECTIVITY; FACET; MODE AB We demonstrate enhanced electro-optic phase shifts in suspended InGaAs/InGaAsP quantum well waveguides compared to attached waveguides. The enhancement stems from an improved overlap between the optical mode and the multiple quantum well layers in thin waveguides when the semiconductor material beneath the waveguide is selectively etched. The measured voltage length product is 0.41 V-cm and the measured propagation loss is 2.3 +/- 0.7 dB/cm for the TE mode in the optical L-band. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Stievater, T. H.; Park, D.; Rabinovich, W. S.; Pruessner, M. W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kanakaraju, S.; Richardson, C. J. K.] Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Khurgin, J. B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Stievater, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM opticalmems@nrl.navy.mil RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 18 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 2 BP 885 EP 892 DI 10.1364/OE.18.000885 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 547BP UT WOS:000273860400051 PM 20173909 ER PT J AU Abelev, BI Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Baumgart, S Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Benedosso, F Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Biritz, B Bland, LC Bombara, M Bonner, BE Botje, M Bouchet, J Braidot, E Brandin, AV Bruna, E Bueltmann, S Burton, TP Bystersky, M Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Catu, O Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, KE Christie, W Clarke, RF Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cormier, TM Cosentino, MR Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Dash, S Daugherity, M De Silva, LC Dedovich, TG DePhillips, M Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Didenko, L Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, F Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Edwards, WR Efimov, LG Elhalhuli, E Elnimr, M Emelianov, V Engelage, I Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Eun, L Fachini, P Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Feng, A Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gaillard, L Gangadharan, DR Ganti, MS Garcia-Solis, EJ Geromitsos, A Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gordon, A Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Grube, B Guertin, SM Guimaraes, KSFF Gupta, A Gupta, N Guryn, W Haag, B Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Harris, JW He, W Heinz, M Heppelmann, S Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffman, AM Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Huo, L Igo, G Iordanova, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jakl, P Jena, C Jin, F Jones, CL Jones, PG Joseph, J Judd, EG Kabana, S Kajimoto, K Kang, K Kapitan, J Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Khodyrev, VY Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klein, SR Knospe, AG Kocoloski, A Koetke, DD Kopytine, M Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Krus, M Kuhn, C Kumar, L Kurnadi, P Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, N Li, C Li, Y Lin, G Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, J Liu, L Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Ludlam, T Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatram, DP Majka, R Mall, OI Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McShane, TS Meschanin, A Milner, R Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mischke, A Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nattrass, C Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Ng, MJ Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okada, H Okorokov, V Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Planinic, M Pluta, J Poljak, N Poskanzer, AM Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Redwine, R Reed, R Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Russcher, MJ Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sarsour, M Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shabetai, A Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shi, SS Shi, XH Sichtermann, ER Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stadnik, A Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAR Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Tram, VN Trattner, AL Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G Van Leeuwen, M Molen, AMV Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasilevski, IM Vasiliev, AN Videbaek, F Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Wada, M Waggoner, WT Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, X Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, Y Xie, W Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, Y Xu, Z Yang, Y Yepes, P Yoo, IK Yue, Q Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhan, W Zhang, S Zhang, WM Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, Y Zhong, C Zhou, J Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y Zuo, JX AF Abelev, B. I. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Anderson, B. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Barannikova, O. Barnby, L. S. Baudot, J. Baumgart, S. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Benedosso, F. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Biritz, B. Bland, L. C. Bombara, M. Bonner, B. E. Botje, M. Bouchet, J. Braidot, E. Brandin, A. V. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Burton, T. P. Bystersky, M. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. de la Barca Sanchez, M. Calderon Catu, O. Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, K. E. Christie, W. Clarke, R. F. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cormier, T. M. Cosentino, M. R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Dash, S. Daugherity, M. De Silva, L. C. Dedovich, T. G. DePhillips, M. Derevschikov, A. A. de Souza, R. Derradi Didenko, L. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, F. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Edwards, W. R. Efimov, L. G. Elhalhuli, E. Elnimr, M. Emelianov, V. Engelage, I. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Eun, L. Fachini, P. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Feng, A. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Gagliardi, C. A. Gaillard, L. Gangadharan, D. R. Ganti, M. S. Garcia-Solis, E. J. Geromitsos, A. Geurts, F. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. N. Gordon, A. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Grube, B. Guertin, S. M. Guimaraes, K. S. F. F. Gupta, A. Gupta, N. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hallman, T. J. Hamed, A. Harris, J. W. He, W. Heinz, M. Heppelmann, S. Hippolyte, B. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffman, A. M. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Huang, H. Z. Humanic, T. J. Huo, L. Igo, G. Iordanova, A. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jakl, P. Jena, C. Jin, F. Jones, C. L. Jones, P. G. Joseph, J. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kajimoto, K. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Khodyrev, V. Yu. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Klein, S. R. Knospe, A. G. Kocoloski, A. Koetke, D. D. Kopytine, M. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kravtsov, P. Kravtsov, V. I. Krueger, K. Krus, M. Kuhn, C. Kumar, L. Kurnadi, P. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C. -H. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, N. Li, C. Li, Y. Lin, G. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, J. Liu, L. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Ludlam, T. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatram, D. P. Majka, R. Mall, O. I. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McShane, T. S. Meschanin, A. Milner, R. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, A. Mitchell, J. Mohanty, B. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nattrass, C. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Netrakanti, P. K. Ng, M. J. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okada, H. Okorokov, V. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Poljak, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Redwine, R. Reed, R. Ridiger, A. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Russcher, M. J. Sahoo, R. Sakrejda, I. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sarsour, M. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shabetai, A. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Shi, X. -H. Sichtermann, E. R. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Snellings, R. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stadnik, A. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. R. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Symons, T. J. M. de Toledo, A. Szanto Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trainor, T. A. Tram, V. N. Trattner, A. L. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. Van Leeuwen, M. Molen, A. M. Vander Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasilevski, I. M. Vasiliev, A. N. Videbaek, F. Vigdor, S. E. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Wada, M. Waggoner, W. T. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. Xie, W. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yoo, I-K. Yue, Q. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhan, W. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, Y. Zhong, C. Zhou, J. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zuo, J. X. TI System size dependence of associated yields in hadron-triggered jets STAR Collaboration SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE Parton energy loss; Jet quenching; Di-hadron fragmentation function; Relativistic heavy-ion collisions ID RADIATIVE ENERGY-LOSS; COLLISIONS; SUPPRESSION AB We present results on the system size dependence of high transverse momentum di-hadron correlations at root s(NN) = 200 GeV as measured by STAR at RHIC. Measurements in d + Au, Cu + Cu and Au + Au collisions reveal similar jet-like near-side correlation yields (correlations at small angular separation Delta phi similar to 0, Delta eta similar to 0) for all systems and centralities. Previous measurements have shown Chat the away-side (Delta phi similar to pi) yield is suppressed in heavy-ion collisions. We present measurements of the away-side Suppression as a function of transverse momentum and centrality in Cu + Cu and Au + Au collisions. The suppression is found to be similar in Cu + Cu and An + An collisions at a similar number of participants. The results are compared to theoretical calculations based on the patron quenching model and the modified fragmentation model. The observed differences between data and theory indicate that the correlated yields presented here will further constrain dynamic energy loss models and provide information about the dynamic density profile in heavy-ion collisions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Baumgart, S.; Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Catu, O.; Chikanian, A.; Du, F.; Finch, E.; Heinz, M.; Knospe, A. G.; Lin, G.; Majka, R.; Nattrass, C.; Putschke, J.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Draper, J. E.; Krueger, K.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Barnby, L. S.; Bombara, M.; Burton, T. P.; Elhalhuli, E.; Gaillard, L.; Nelson, J. M.; Timmins, A. R.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Christie, W.; DePhillips, M.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fachini, P.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Gordon, A.; Guryn, W.; Hallman, T. J.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Ludlam, T.; Ogawa, A.; Okada, H.; Perevoztchikov, V.; Ruan, L.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Xu, Z.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, I.; Judd, E. G.; Ng, M. J.; Perkins, C.; Trattner, A. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [de la Barca Sanchez, M. Calderon; Cebra, D.; Das, D.; Haag, B.; Leight, W.; Mall, O. I.; Reed, R.; Romero, J. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Biritz, B.; Cendejas, R.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Guertin, S. M.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Kurnadi, P.; Staszak, D.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Whitten, C., Jr.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [de Souza, R. Derradi; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Abelev, B. I.; Barannikova, O.; Betts, R. R.; Garcia-Solis, E. J.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Iordanova, A.; Suarez, M. C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; McShane, T. S.; Seger, J.; Waggoner, W. T.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Bielcikova, J.; Bystersky, M.; Chaloupka, P.; Jakl, P.; Kapitan, J.; Kouchpil, V.; Krus, M.; Pachr, M.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.] Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. [Averichev, G. S.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Kechechyan, A.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Stadnik, A.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.] Lab High Energy JINR, Dubna, Russia. [Arkhipkin, D.; Filip, P.; Lednicky, R.; Vasilevski, I. M.; Zoulkarneev, R.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Particle Phys Lab JINR, Dubna, Russia. [Dash, S.; Jena, C.; Mahapatram, D. P.; Phatak, S. C.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India. [He, W.; Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Selyuzhenkov, I.; Sowinski, J.; Vigdor, S. E.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Baudot, J.; Estienne, M.; Hippolyte, B.; Jones, P. G.; Kuhn, C.; Shabetai, A.] Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. [Bhasin, A.; Dogra, S. M.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, N.; Mangotra, L. K.; Potukuchi, B. V. K. S.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Anderson, B. D.; Bouchet, J.; Chen, J. H.; Joseph, J.; Keane, D.; Kopytine, M.; Margetis, S.; Pandit, Y.; Subba, N. L.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.; Zhang, W. M.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Fatemi, R.; Korsch, W.; Webb, G.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Yang, Y.; Zhan, W.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Dong, X.; Edwards, W. R.; Grebenyuk, O.; Hjort, E.; Jacobs, P.; Kikola, D. P.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S. R.; Matis, H. S.; Odyniec, G.; Olson, D.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Ritter, H. G.; Rose, A.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Sichtermann, E. R.; Sun, X. M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Thomas, J. H.; Tram, V. N.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, Y.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balewski, J.; Betancourt, M. J.; Hoffman, A. M.; Jones, C. L.; Kocoloski, A.; Milner, R.; Redwine, R.; Sakuma, T.; Surrow, B.; Walker, M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.; Simon, F.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Molen, A. M. Vander; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bhasin, A.; Brandin, A. V.; Emelianov, V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Okorokov, V.; Ridiger, A.; Strikhanov, M.; Timoshenko, S.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Harris, J. W.; Lindenbaum, S. J.] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Benedosso, F.; Bhasin, A.; Botje, M.; Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; Russcher, M. J.; Snellings, R.; Van Leeuwen, M.] NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Benedosso, F.; Botje, M.; Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; Russcher, M. J.; Snellings, R.; Van Leeuwen, M.] Univ Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Chajecki, Z.; Humanic, T. J.; Kisiel, A.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bueltmann, S.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Kumar, L.; Pruthi, N. K.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Eun, L.; Heppelmann, S.; Zawisza, M.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Khodyrev, V. Yu.; Kravtsov, V. I.; Matulenko, Yu. A.; Meschanin, A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Choi, K. E.; Grube, B.; Lee, C. -H.; Yoo, I-K.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Choi, K. E.; Grube, B.; Lee, C. -H.; Yoo, I-K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Bonner, B. E.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Liu, J.; Llope, W. J.; Mitchell, J.; Roberts, J. B.; Yepes, P.; Zhou, J.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Cosentino, M. R.; Guimaraes, K. S. F. F.; Munhoz, M. G.; Suaide, A. A. R.; de Toledo, A. Szanto] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, H. F.; Li, C.; Lu, Y.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.; Zhao, Y.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Xu, Q. H.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Cai, X. Z.; Jin, F.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Shi, X. -H.; Tian, J.; Zhang, S.; Zhong, C.; Zuo, J. X.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Erazmus, B.; Geromitsos, A.; Kabana, S.; Roy, C.; Sahoo, R.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Cervantes, M. C.; Clarke, R. F.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Djawotho, P.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Huo, L.; Mioduszewski, S.; Sarsour, M.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Daugherity, M.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Kajimoto, K.; Markert, C.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Thein, D.; Wada, M.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cheng, J.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, X.; Wang, Y.; Yue, Q.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Sharma, M.; Witt, R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Manweiler, R.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Webb, J. C.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta; Ganti, M. S.; Ghosh, P.; Mohanty, B.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Singaraju, R. N.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.; Simon, F.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bellwied, R.; Cormier, T. M.; De Silva, L. C.; Elnimr, M.; LaPointe, S.; Pruneau, C.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Chen, J. Y.; Feng, A.; Li, N.; Liu, F.; Liu, L.; Shi, S. S.; Wu, Y.] CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Catu, O (reprint author), Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM catu@rhig.physics.yale.edu RI Fornazier Guimaraes, Karin Silvia/H-4587-2016; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Nattrass, Christine/J-6752-2016; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Cosentino, Mauro/L-2418-2014; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Yang, Yanyun/B-9485-2014; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Yoo, In-Kwon/J-6222-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013 OI Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179; Sorensen, Paul/0000-0001-5056-9391; Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536; van Leeuwen, Marco/0000-0002-5222-4888; Fornazier Guimaraes, Karin Silvia/0000-0003-0578-9533; Nattrass, Christine/0000-0002-8768-6468; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Cosentino, Mauro/0000-0002-7880-8611; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Fisyak, Yuri/0000-0002-3151-8377; Yang, Yanyun/0000-0002-5982-1706; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; FU Offices of NP; HEP within the US DOE Office of Science; US NSF; Sloan Foundation; DFG; CNRS/IN2P3; RA; RPL; EMN of France; STFC; EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP of Brazil; Russian Ministry of Sci. and Tech.; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; IRP; GA of the Czech Republic; FOM of the Netherlands; DAE; DST; CSIR of the Government of India; Polish State Committee for Scientific Research; Korea Sci. & Eng. Foundation FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, and the NERSC Center at LBNL and the resources provided by the Open Science Grid consortium for their support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science, the US NSF, the Sloan Foundation, the DFG cluster of excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe', CNRS/IN2P3, RA, RPL, and EMN of France, STFC and EPSRC of the United Kingdom, FAPESP of Brazil, the Russian Ministry of Sci. and Tech., the NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China, IRP and GA of the Czech Republic, FOM of the Netherlands, DAE, DST, and CSIR of the Government of India, the Polish State Committee for Scientific Research, and the Korea Sci. & Eng. Foundation. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JAN 18 PY 2010 VL 683 IS 2-3 BP 123 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2009.12.020 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 554FO UT WOS:000274421100008 ER PT J AU Reavis, M Jorgensen, S AF Reavis, Marisol Jorgensen, Sarah TI Acute Pruritic Rash on the Foot SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Reavis, Marisol; Jorgensen, Sarah] Naval Hosp, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Reavis, M (reprint author), Naval Hosp, Jacksonville, FL USA. EM Marisol.Reavis@med.navy.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 2 BP 203 EP 204 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 546TC UT WOS:000273833800014 PM 20082517 ER PT J AU Carmichael, MG Benavides, LC Holmes, JP Gates, JD Mittendorf, EA Ponniah, S Peoples, GE AF Carmichael, Mark G. Benavides, Linda C. Holmes, Jarrod P. Gates, Jeremy D. Mittendorf, Elizabeth A. Ponniah, Sathibalan Peoples, George E. TI Results of the First Phase 1 Clinical Trial of the HER-2/neu Peptide (GP2) Vaccine in Disease-Free Breast Cancer Patients SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; GP2; HER-2/neu; peptide; vaccine ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; HER2/NEU E75 VACCINE; DENDRITIC CELLS; OVARIAN-CANCER; IN-VIVO; ANTIGEN; RECURRENCE; EXPRESSION; PREVENTION; INDUCTION AB BACKGROUND: HER-2/neu, overexpressed in breast cancer, is a source of immunogenic peptides that include GP2 and E75. Phase 2 testing of E75 as an adjuvant vaccine has suggested a clinical benefit. GP2, derived from the transmembrane portion of HER-2/neu, has differing binding characteristics and may be more immunogenic than E75. Results of the first phase 1 trial of GP2 peptide vaccine are presented. METHODS: Disease-free, lymph node-negative, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2(+) breast cancer patients were enrolled. This dose escalation trial included 4 groups to determine safety and optimal GP2 peptide/granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) dose. Toxicities were monitored. Immunologic response was assessed ex vivo via the HLA-A2:immunoglobulin dimer assay to detect GP2-specific CD8(+) T cells (and E75-specific CD8+ T cells to assess epitope spreading) and in vivo via delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction (medians/ranges). RESULTS: Eighteen patients were enrolled. All toxicities were grade <= 2. Eight (88.9%) of 9 patients in the first 3 dose groups required GM-CSF dose reductions for local reactions >= 100 mm or grade >= 2 systemic toxicity. GM-CSF dose was reduced to 125 jig for the final dose group. All patients responded immunologically ex vivo (GP2-specific CD8(+) T cells from prevaccination to maximum, 0.4% [0.0%-2.0%] to 1.1% [0.4%-3.6%], P < .001) and in vivo (GP2 pre- to postvaccination DTH, 0 mm [0.0-19.5 mm] to 27.5 mm [0.0-114.5 mm, P < .001]. E75-specific CD8(+) T cells also increased in response to GP2 from prevaccination to maximum (0.8% [0.0%-2.41%] to 1.6% [0.86%-3.72%], P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The GP2 peptide vaccine appears safe and well tolerated with minimal local/systemic toxicity. GP2 elicited HER-2/neu-specific immune responses, including epitope spreading, in high-risk, lymph node-negative breast cancer patients. These findings support further investigation of the GP2 vaccine for the prevention of breast cancer recurrence. Cancer 2010;116:292-301. (C) 2070 American Cancer Society. C1 [Benavides, Linda C.; Gates, Jeremy D.; Peoples, George E.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Gen Surg Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Carmichael, Mark G.; Ponniah, Sathibalan; Peoples, George E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, US Mil Canc Inst, Canc Vaccine Dev Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Holmes, Jarrod P.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Hematol & Med Oncol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Mittendorf, Elizabeth A.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Surg Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Peoples, GE (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Gen Surg Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM George.Peoples@amedd.army.mil FU United States Military Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Department of Clinical Investigation, Walter Reed Army Medical Center FX Supported by the United States Military Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, and the Department of Clinical Investigation, Walter Reed Army Medical Center. NR 22 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 116 IS 2 BP 292 EP 301 DI 10.1002/cncr.24756 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 546QT UT WOS:000273826000008 PM 19924797 ER PT J AU MacMahan, J Brown, J Brown, J Thornton, E Reniers, A Stanton, T Henriquez, M Gallagher, E Morrison, J Austin, MJ Scott, TM Senechal, N AF MacMahan, Jamie Brown, Jeff Brown, Jenna Thornton, Ed Reniers, Ad Stanton, Tim Henriquez, Martijn Gallagher, Edith Morrison, Jon Austin, Martin J. Scott, Tim M. Senechal, Nadia TI Mean Lagrangian flow behavior on an open coast rip-channeled beach: A new perspective SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rip current; surf zone; Lagrangian; exchange ID CURRENT SYSTEM; SURF-ZONE; NEARSHORE CIRCULATION; CURRENTS; DISPERSION; DRIFTERS AB The accepted view of rip currents is that they are an efficient mechanism for transporting material out of the surf zone. Previous rip current campaigns on natural beaches have focused on Eulerian measurements with sparse in situ pressure and current meter arrays. Here, for the first time, spatially synoptic estimates of rip current flow patterns, vorticity, and Lagrangian transport behavior are measured in the field using a fleet of 30 position-tracking surfzone drifters during multiple rip current occurrences on an open coast beach in Monterey, CA. Contrary to the classic view (Shepard et al., 1941), the rip current flow field consisted of semi-enclosed, large-scale vortices that retained the drifters and resulted in a high number of Lagrangian observations that are temporally and spatially repeated. Approximately 19% of the drifters deployed in the rip currents exited the surf zone per hour, on average during the experiments. The observed surf zone retention of drifters is consistent with measurements from different open coast beach rip current systems (14% at meso-macrotidal Truc Vert, France and 16% at macrotidal Perranporth, United Kingdom). The three-hour-average cross-shore rip current velocity at Monterey was 30 cm/s with peak time-averaged velocities of 40-60 cm/s depending on wave and tidal conditions. Drifters that episodically exited the surf zone were transported approximately 2 surf zone widths offshore at similar to 20 cm/s. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [MacMahan, Jamie; Thornton, Ed; Stanton, Tim; Morrison, Jon] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. [Brown, Jeff; Brown, Jenna] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE USA. [Reniers, Ad] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine Sci, Miami, FL USA. [Henriquez, Martijn] Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands. [Gallagher, Edith] Franklin & Marshall Coll, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. [Austin, Martin J.; Scott, Tim M.] Univ Plymouth, Sch Earth Ocean & Environm Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Senechal, Nadia] Univ Bordeaux 1, OASU EPOC, F-33405 Talence, France. RP MacMahan, J (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. EM jhmacmah@nps.edu RI Henriquez, Martijn/F-2311-2010; Austin, Martin/J-4753-2013; OI Henriquez, Martijn/0000-0001-6614-737X; Austin, Martin/0000-0003-3179-8767 FU Office of Naval Research Coastal Geosciences; Delaware Sea Grant; California State Coastal Conservancy; National Science Foundation; ONR [N0001407WR20226, N0001408WR20006, N00014-05-1-0154, N00014-05-1-0352, N000140710556, N000140510153]; California State Coastal Conservancy as part of the Coastal Ocean Circulation Monitoring Program-Northern California [04-034]; National Science Foundation [OCE 0728324]; University of Delaware; Delft University of Technology; Technology Foundation STW; applied science division of NWO, in the Netherlands [DCB.7908]; NSF OCE ADVANCE [0340758]; ECORS FX We extend our appreciation to the many folks who assisted in obtaining drifter data set: Jim Stockel, Rob Wyland, Keith Wyckoff, Ron Cowen, Natalie Lauder, Mark Orzech, Nick Dodd, Jim Lambert, and Lance Valenzuela. This work was funded through the Office of Naval Research Coastal Geosciences Program, Delaware Sea Grant, California State Coastal Conservancy, and the National Science Foundation. The field experiment, travel support, and staff support (Stockel, Wyland, Wyckoff and Cowen) was provided by ONR #N0001407WR20226 and #N0001408WR20006. Supporting experimental infrastructure (directional wave and video obs) was funded in part by the California State Coastal Conservancy as part of the Coastal Ocean Circulation Monitoring Program-Northern California under contract #04-034. MacMahan was supported by ONR contract #N00014-05-1-0154, N00014-05-1-0352, N0001407WR20226, N0001408WR20006, and the National Science Foundation OCE 0728324. Brown (JW) was supported by the Delaware Sea Grant, University of Delaware and ONR #N0001407WR20226 and #N0001408WR20006. Brown (JA) was supported by the Delaware Sea Grant, University of Delaware and ONR #N0001407WR20226 and #N0001408WR20006. Thornton was supported by ONR # N0001407WR20226. Reniers was supported by ONR #N000140710556. MH was funded by Delft University of Technology and the Technology Foundation STW, applied science division of NWO, in the Netherlands, under project number DCB.7908. Gallagher was supported by ONR #N000140510153 and by the NSF OCE ADVANCE award # 0340758. Senechal was supported by ECORS project. We appreciate the valuable comments by Rob Brander and the anonymous reviewer for making this a better manuscript. NR 54 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 268 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.09.011 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 556RX UT WOS:000274610100001 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA Zhang, B Perrie, W AF Hwang, Paul A. Zhang, Biao Perrie, William TI Depolarized radar return for breaking wave measurement and hurricane wind retrieval SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-DISSIPATION; SEA CLUTTER; SURFACE; OCEAN; SCATTERING; SPECTRA; MODEL AB O. M. Phillips (1988) elucidated the double structure of sea surface scatterers for radar scattering from the ocean surface. The wind generates a distribution of small slope waves and sporadic steep breaking events. The signature of double structure is in the wind speed dependence of radar returns: linear for scattering from gentle waves and cubic for breaking contribution. The composite Bragg (CB) theory successfully describes the former. The breaking contribution remains elusive. Here we show that the depolarized (de-pol) radar return exhibits the typical double structure, its wind speed dependence increases with wind speed from linear to cubic. The enhanced sensitivity of de-pol returns in high winds is ideal for hurricane wind retrieval. The strong breaking connection offers an opportunity to measure wave breaking and associated energy dissipation and area of foam coverage from space, their quantification is important in air-sea interaction and electromagnetic and electro-optical remote sensing. Citation: Hwang, P. A., B. Zhang, and W. Perrie (2010), Depolarized radar return for breaking wave measurement and hurricane wind retrieval, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L01604, doi: 10.1029/2009GL041780. C1 [Hwang, Paul A.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zhang, Biao; Perrie, William] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.hwang@nrl.navy.mil; biao.zhang@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; william.perrie@dfo-mpo.gc.ca FU Office of Naval Research [61153N]; Canadian Space Agency (GRIP Programme); Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-201]; National Science Foundation of China [40706058] FX This work is sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (NRL program element 61153N), the Canadian Space Agency (GRIP Programme), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Knowledge Innovation Program, grant KZCX2-YW-201), and National Science Foundation of China (grant 40706058); in situ data are provided by the NDBC. We have benefited from many discussions about radar backscatters with Jakov Toporkov, Mark Sletten, and Tom Ainsworth (all at NRL) and R2 system noise with Paris Vachon (at DND Ottawa). NRL contribution number NRL/JA/7260-09-0349. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 14 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L01604 DI 10.1029/2009GL041780 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 545JK UT WOS:000273728100006 ER PT J AU McKay, P Di Iorio, D AF McKay, Paul Di Iorio, Daniela TI Cycle of vertical and horizontal mixing in a shallow tidal creek SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID PARTIALLY STRATIFIED ESTUARY; SALT-MARSH ESTUARY; LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION; REYNOLDS STRESS; NATURAL CHANNELS; RIVER SEVERN; DEAD ZONES; TURBULENCE; FLOW; CIRCULATION AB An experimental study of vertical mixing and along-channel dispersion parameterized in terms of horizontal mixing near the mouth of the Duplin River (a tidal creek bordered by extensive intertidal salt marshes on Sapelo Island, Georgia) was carried out over several spring/neap cycles in the fall of 2005. Vertical mixing is modulated on both M4 and fortnightly frequencies with maximum turbulent stresses being generated near the bed on periods of maximum flood and ebb and propagating into the water column showing a linear dependence with depth. Values are significantly greater on spring tide than on neap. Horizontal mixing evaluated by salt fluxes is driven and dominated by tidal dispersion, which is also modulated by the fortnightly spring/neap cycle. Net export of salt from the lower Duplin is shown to be due to residual advection modified by upstream tidal pumping. The tidal dispersion coefficient exhibits a pulsating character with greater values on spring tide followed by smaller values on neap tide. C1 [McKay, Paul] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [McKay, Paul; Di Iorio, Daniela] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP McKay, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM paul.mckay.ctr@nrlssc.navy.mil; daniela@uga.edu FU NSF [OCE-9982133, OCE-0670959]; Georgia Coastal Ecosystems-Long Term Ecological Research (GCE-LTER) FX This work was supported by the NSF (OCE-9982133, OCE-0670959) as part of the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems-Long Term Ecological Research (GCE-LTER) project (http://gce-lter.marsci.uga.edu). Thanks go to the captain and crew of the R/V Savannah for their assistance in deploying and recovering moorings and to Ken Helm of the UGA Marine Institute for his assistance in maintaining the moorings. Thanks to M. Stacey's review and an anonymous reviewer for comments that led to a much improved paper. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 14 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C01004 DI 10.1029/2008JC005204 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 545KK UT WOS:000273730700001 ER PT J AU Holbrook, TL Galarneau, MR Dye, JL Quinn, K Dougherty, AL AF Holbrook, Troy Lisa Galarneau, Michael R. Dye, Judy L. Quinn, Kimberly Dougherty, Amber L. TI Morphine Use after Combat Injury in Iraq and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; MAJOR TRAUMA; RISK-FACTORS; PTSD; AFGHANISTAN; CARE; PHARMACOTHERAPY; INTERVENTION; PREVENTION; SYMPTOMS AB BACKGROUND Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common adverse mental health outcome among seriously injured civilians and military personnel who are survivors of trauma. Pharmacotherapy in the aftermath of serious physical injury or exposure to traumatic events may be effective for the secondary prevention of PTSD. METHODS We identified 696 injured U. S. military personnel without serious traumatic brain injury from the Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry Expeditionary Medical Encounter Database. Complete data on medications administered were available for all personnel selected. The diagnosis of PTSD was obtained from the Career History Archival Medical and Personnel System and verified in a review of medical records. RESULTS Among the 696 patients studied, 243 received a diagnosis of PTSD and 453 did not. The use of morphine during early resuscitation and trauma care was significantly associated with a lower risk of PTSD after injury. Among the patients in whom PTSD developed, 61% received morphine; among those in whom PTSD did not develop, 76% received morphine (odds ratio, 0.47; P<0.001). This association remained significant after adjustment for injury severity, age, mechanism of injury, status with respect to amputation, and selected injury-related clinical factors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the use of morphine during trauma care may reduce the risk of subsequent development of PTSD after serious injury. C1 [Holbrook, Troy Lisa; Galarneau, Michael R.; Dye, Judy L.; Quinn, Kimberly; Dougherty, Amber L.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Holbrook, Troy Lisa] EPI SOAR Consulting, San Diego, CA USA. RP Holbrook, TL (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM troy@epi-soar.com FU U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery [60808] FX Supported by U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery under the Wounded, Ill, and Injured-Psychological Health-Traumatic Brain Injury Program (work unit 60808). NR 39 TC 170 Z9 175 U1 4 U2 22 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 14 PY 2010 VL 362 IS 2 BP 110 EP 117 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa0903326 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 543FU UT WOS:000273558500008 PM 20071700 ER PT J AU Simpkins, BS Hong, S Stine, R Makinen, AJ Theodore, ND Mastro, MA Eddy, CR Pehrsson, PE AF Simpkins, B. S. Hong, S. Stine, R. Maekinen, A. J. Theodore, N. D. Mastro, M. A. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Pehrsson, P. E. TI Assembly of phosphonic acids on GaN and AlGaN SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; MONOLAYERS; SURFACE; SILICON; FILMS; OXIDE; LAYERS; GOLD; XPS AB Self-assembled monolayers of octadecylphosphonic acid and 16-phosphonohexadecanoic acid (PHDA) were formed on the semiconductor substrates gallium nitride (GaN) and aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN). The presence of the molecular layers was verified through x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Structural information was acquired with infrared spectroscopy which verified the bonding orientation of the carboxyl-containing PHDA. The impact of the molecular layers on the channel conductivity and the surface electronic structure of an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure was measured. Our results indicate that pinning of the surface Fermi level prohibits modification of the channel conductivity by the layer. However, a surface dipole of similar to 0.8 eV is present and associated with both phosphonic acid layers. These results are of direct relevance to field-effect-based biochemical sensors and metal-semiconductor contact formation for this system and provide a fundamental basis for further applications of GaN and AlGaN technology in the fields of biosensing and microelectronics. C1 [Simpkins, B. S.; Stine, R.; Theodore, N. D.; Pehrsson, P. E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hong, S.] Thomas Jefferson High Sch, Mclean, VA USA. [Maekinen, A. J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Theodore, N. D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Mastro, M. A.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Simpkins, BS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stine, Rory/C-6709-2013 FU Office of Naval Research; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA JSTO-CBD); Engineering Apprenticeship Program FX S Hongwould like to thank Dr B S Simpkins for his mentorship, support and guidance on this project as well as Dr R Stine and Dr A Makinen for valuable discussions. The authors would also like to thank the Office of Naval Research, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA JSTO-CBD) and Engineering Apprenticeship Program for providing funding. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD JAN 13 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 1 AR 015303 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/43/1/015303 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 531WH UT WOS:000272702300022 ER PT J AU Landrum, ML Fieberg, AM Chun, HM Crum-Cianflone, NF Marconi, VC Weintrob, AC Ganesan, A Barthel, RV Wortmann, G Agan, BK AF Landrum, Michael L. Fieberg, Ann M. Chun, Helen M. Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. Marconi, Vincent C. Weintrob, Amy C. Ganesan, Anuradha Barthel, Robert V. Wortmann, Glenn Agan, Brian K. TI The Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Hepatitis B Virus Serologic Status in Co-Infected Adults SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; T-CELL RESPONSES; NATURAL-HISTORY; HBV INFECTION; HIV-INFECTION; SEROCONVERSION; RECOMMENDATIONS; COINFECTION; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY AB Background: Factors associated with serologic hepatitis B virus (HBV) outcomes in HIV-infected individuals remain incompletely understood, yet such knowledge may lead to improvements in the prevention and treatment of chronic HBV infection. Methods and Findings: HBV-HIV co-infected cohort participants were retrospectively analyzed. HBV serologic outcomes were classified as chronic, resolved, and isolated-HBcAb. Chronic HBV (CHBV) was defined as the presence of HBsAg on two or more occasions at least six months apart. Risk factors for HBV serologic outcome were assessed using logistic regression. Of 2037 participants with HBV infection, 281 (14%) had CHBV. Overall the proportions of HBV infections classified as CHBV were 11%, 16%, and 19% for CD4 cell count strata of >= 500, 200-499, and,200, respectively (p<0.0001). Risk of CHBV was increased for those with HBV infection occurring after HIV diagnosis (OR 2.62; 95% CI 1.78-3.85). This included the subset with CD4 count >= 500 cells/mu L where 21% of those with HBV after HIV diagnosis had CHBV compared with 9% for all other cases of HBV infection in this stratum (p = 0.0004). Prior receipt of HAART was associated with improved HBV serologic outcome overall (p = 0.012), and specifically among those with HBV after HIV (p = 0.002). In those with HBV after HIV, HAART was associated with reduced risk of CHBV overall (OR 0.18; 95% CI 0.04-0.79); including reduced risk in the subsets with CD4 >= 350 cells/mu L (p<0.001) and CD4 >= 500 cells/mu L (p = 0.01) where no cases of CHBV were seen in those with a recent history of HAART use. Conclusions: Clinical indicators of immunologic status in HIV-infected individuals, such as CD4 cell count, are associated with HBV serologic outcome. These data suggest that immunologic preservation through the increased use of HAART to improve functional anti-HBV immunity, whether by improved access to care or earlier initiation of therapy, would likely improve HBV infection outcomes in HIV-infected individuals. C1 [Landrum, Michael L.; Fieberg, Ann M.; Weintrob, Amy C.; Ganesan, Anuradha; Agan, Brian K.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Landrum, Michael L.; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.; Marconi, Vincent C.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Fieberg, Ann M.] Univ Minnesota, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Chun, Helen M.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def HIV AIDS Prevent Program, San Diego, CA USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] USN, Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, San Diego, CA USA. [Weintrob, Amy C.; Wortmann, Glenn] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Ganesan, Anuradha] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD USA. [Barthel, Robert V.] USN, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Landrum, ML (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM mlandrum@idcrp.org RI Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014; OI Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 FU IDCRP [G187YS-RV198]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH) [Y1-AI-5072] FX Support for this work (IDCRP# G187YS-RV198) was provided by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP, www. idcrp. org), a Department of Defense (DoD) program executed through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. This project has been funded in whole, or in part, with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Inter-Agency Agreement Y1-AI-5072. The IDCRP reviewed the study design, collected the data, and provided salary support to investigators (M. L. L. A. M. F., N. F. C., A. C. W., A. G., and B. K. A.). The analyses, conclusions and decision to submit the manuscript are the independent work and decision of the authors. The NIH had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 13 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 1 AR e8687 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0008687 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 543EV UT WOS:000273554600036 PM 20084275 ER PT J AU Duddu, R Dave, PR Damavarapu, R Gelber, N Parrish, D AF Duddu, Raja Dave, Paritosh R. Damavarapu, Reddy Gelber, Nathaniel Parrish, Damon TI Synthesis of N-amino- and N-nitramino-nitroimidazoles SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 1-METHYL-2,4,5-TRINITROIMIDAZOLE MTNI; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; MESITYLENESULFONYLHYDROXYLAMINE AB Synthesis of anew nitro-substituted 1-amino and 1-nitraminoimidazoles is described. A novel solid state nitration has been developed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Duddu, Raja; Dave, Paritosh R.] USA, SAIC, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. [Parrish, Damon] USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Duddu, R (reprint author), USA, SAIC, ARDEC, Bldg 3028, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM raja.duddu@us.army.mil NR 20 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2010 VL 51 IS 2 BP 399 EP 401 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.11.046 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 553OI UT WOS:000274376300047 ER PT J AU Marmorino, GO Smith, GB Miller, WD Bowles, JH AF Marmorino, George O. Smith, Geoffrey B. Miller, W. D. Bowles, Jeffrey H. TI Detection of a buoyant coastal wastewater discharge using airborne hyperspectral and infrared imagery SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE ocean outfall; wastewater plume; CDOM; hyperspectral; infrared; airborne remote sensing ID INTERNAL WAVES; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; INITIAL DILUTION; OCEAN; OUTFALL; PLUME; TURBULENCE; ALGORITHM; JETS AB Municipal wastewater discharged into the ocean through a submerged pipe, or outfall, can rise buoyantly to the sea surface, resulting in a near-field mixing zone and, in the presence of an ambient ocean current, an extended surface plume. In this paper, data from a CASI (Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager) and an airborne infrared (IR) camera are shown to detect a municipal wastewater discharge off the southeast coast of Florida, U. S. A., through its elevated levels of chromophoric dissolved organic matter plus detrital material (CDOM) and cooler sea surface temperatures. CDOM levels within a similar to 15-m-diameter surface 'boil' are found to be about twice those in the ambient shelf water, and surface temperatures near the boil are lower by similar to 0.4 degrees C, comparable to the vertical temperature difference across the ambient water column. The CASI and IR imagery show a nearly identically shaped buoyant plume, consistent with a fully surfacing discharge, but the IR data more accurately delineate the area of most rapid dilution as compared with previous in-situ measurements. The imagery also allows identification of ambient oceanographic processes that affect dispersion and transport in the far field. This includes an alongshore front, which limits offshore dispersion of the discharge, and shoreward-propagating nonlinear internal waves, which may be responsible for an enhanced onshore transport of the discharge. C1 [Marmorino, George O.; Miller, W. D.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Computat Phys Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marmorino, GO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Computat Phys Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marmorino@nrl.navy.mil OI Miller, W. David/0000-0002-4940-5987 FU Office of Naval Research [72-9201] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (Naval Research Laboratory Project 72-9201). NRL contribution JA/7230-09-0188. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD JAN 11 PY 2010 VL 4 AR 043502 DI 10.1117/1.3302630 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 552DI UT WOS:000274267200002 ER PT J AU Krowne, CM AF Krowne, C. M. TI Intrinsic quantum conductances and capacitances of nanowires and nanocables SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; RUTHENIUM DIOXIDE; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; ELECTRICAL-TRANSPORT; SILICON NANOWIRES; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; AB-INITIO; GRAPHENE; DEVICES; METAL AB Here we calculate the intrinsic quantum capacitance of RuO2 nanowires and RuO2/SiO2 nanocables (filled interiors, or nanotubes, which are empty), based upon available ab initio density of states values, and their conductances allowing determination of transmission coefficients. Comparisons are made to the intrinsic quantum capacitance of carbon nanotubes, and to RuO2 and RuO2/SiO2 Schottky and p-n junction capacitances. We find that the intrinsic quantum capacitance of RuO2 based nanostructures dominates over its junction capacitances by an order of magnitude or more, having important implications for energy and charge storage. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM krowne@webbsight.nrl.navy.mil NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 EI 1873-2429 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JAN 11 PY 2010 VL 374 IS 4 BP 614 EP 619 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2009.11.045 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 555CO UT WOS:000274485000023 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Atwood, WB Axelsson, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Baring, MG Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Camilo, F Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cognard, I Cohen-Tanugi, J Cominsky, LR Conrad, J Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Luca, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Espinoza, C Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Frailis, M Freire, PCC Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giavitto, G Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hays, E Hughes, RE Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, RP Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Johnston, S Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kocian, ML Kramer, M Kuehn, F Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lee, SH Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Lyne, AG Makeev, A Marelli, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Moretti, E Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakamori, T Nolan, PL Norris, JP Noutsos, A Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Pierbattista, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Ray, PS Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ritz, S Rochester, LS Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stappers, BW Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Theureau, G Thompson, DJ Thorsett, SE Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Van Etten, A Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wallace, E Wang, P Watters, K Weltevrede, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Atwood, W. B. Axelsson, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Baring, M. G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Camilo, F. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cognard, I. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Cominsky, L. R. Conrad, J. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Luca, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. Silva, E. do Couto e Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Espinoza, C. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Frailis, M. Freire, P. C. C. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giavitto, G. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Hughes, R. E. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Johnston, S. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocian, M. L. Kramer, M. Kuehn, F. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lee, S. -H. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Lyne, A. G. Makeev, A. Marelli, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Moretti, E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakamori, T. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Noutsos, A. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Pierbattista, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Ray, P. S. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ritz, S. Rochester, L. S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stappers, B. W. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Theureau, G. Thompson, D. J. Thorsett, S. E. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Van Etten, A. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wallace, E. Wang, P. Watters, K. Weltevrede, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF THE CRAB PULSAR AND NEBULA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: observations; ISM: individual (Crab Nebula); pulsars: individual (Crab); supernova remnants ID GAMMA-RAY PULSARS; HIGH-ENERGY; TIMING OBSERVATIONS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; LIGHT CURVES; EGRET DATA; X-RAYS; 50 TEV; EMISSION; RADIATION AB We report on gamma-ray observations of the Crab Pulsar and Nebula using 8 months of survey data with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). The high quality light curve obtained using the ephemeris provided by the Nancay and Jodrell Bank radio telescopes shows two main peaks stable in phase with energy. The first gamma-ray peak leads the radio main pulse by (281 +/- 12 +/- 21) mu s, giving new constraints on the production site of non-thermal emission in pulsar magnetospheres. The first uncertainty is due to gamma-ray statistics, and the second arises from the rotation parameters. The improved sensitivity and the unprecedented statistics afforded by the LAT enable precise measurement of the Crab Pulsar spectral parameters: cut-off energy at E(c) = (5.8 +/- 0.5 +/- 1.2) GeV, spectral index of Gamma = (1.97 +/- 0.02 +/- 0.06) and integral photon flux above 100 MeV of (2.09 +/- 0.03 +/- 0.18) x 10(-6) cm(-2) s(-1). The first errors represent the statistical error on the fit parameters, while the second ones are the systematic uncertainties. Pulsed gamma-ray photons are observed up to similar to 20 GeV which precludes emission near the stellar surface, below altitudes of around 4-5 stellar radii in phase intervals encompassing the two main peaks. A detailed phase-resolved spectral analysis is also performed: the hardest emission from the Crab Pulsar comes from the bridge region between the two gamma-ray peaks while the softest comes from the falling edge of the second peak. The spectrum of the nebula in the energy range 100 MeV-300 GeV is well described by the sum of two power laws of indices Gamma(sync) = (3.99 +/- 0.12 +/- 0.08) and Gamma(IC) = (1.64 +/- 0.05 +/- 0.07), corresponding to the falling edge of the synchrotron and the rising edge of the inverse Compton (IC) components, respectively. This latter, which links up naturally with the spectral data points of Cherenkov experiments, is well reproduced via IC scattering from standard magnetohydrodynamic nebula models, and does not require any additional radiation mechanism. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Ray, P. S.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Silva, E. do Couto e; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Silva, E. do Couto e; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Axelsson, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Conrad, J.; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Pierbattista, M.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, Lab AIM,CEA IRFU CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Giavitto, G.; Longo, F.; Moretti, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Giavitto, G.; Longo, F.; Moretti, E.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Giebels, B.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.; Wallace, E.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] IEEC CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Camilo, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Caraveo, P. A.; Marelli, M.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe.; Ferrara, E. C.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] CNRS, UMR 6115, LPCE, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. [Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] INSU, CNRS, Observ Paris, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Cominsky, L. R.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Conrad, J.; Meurer, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Luca, A.] IUSS, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, UMR 5797, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, IN2P3, CNRS, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Espinoza, C.; Kramer, M.; Lyne, A. G.; Noutsos, A.; Stappers, B. W.; Weltevrede, P.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Freire, P. C. C.] Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. [Gasparrini, D.] ASI, Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gehrels, N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hughes, R. E.; Kuehn, F.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Johnston, S.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Kawai, N.; Nakamori, T.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-30128 Toulouse 4, France. [Kramer, M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ozaki, M.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM grondin@cenbg.in2p3.fr; lemoine@cenbg.in2p3.fr; loparco@ba.infn.it; mazziotta@ba.infn.it RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; OI Moretti, Elena/0000-0001-5477-9097; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278; Marelli, Martino/0000-0002-8017-0338; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Thorsett, Stephen/0000-0002-2025-9613; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Axelsson, Magnus/0000-0003-4378-8785; De Luca, Andrea/0000-0001-6739-687X; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K.A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom FX The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden.; Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy.; The Nancay Radio Observatory is operated by the Paris Observatory, associated with the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). The Lovell Telescope is owned and operated by the University of Manchester as part of the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics with support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom. NR 49 TC 133 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 2 BP 1254 EP 1267 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/1254 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 536CY UT WOS:000273021000024 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Atwood, WB Axelsson, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Cutini, S Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hays, E Horan, D Hughes, RE Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, RP Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kocian, ML Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McConville, W McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ritz, S Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sgro, C Shaw, MS Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Atwood, W. B. Axelsson, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocian, M. L. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McConville, W. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ritz, S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Shaw, M. S. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI FERMI OBSERVATIONS OF THE VERY HARD GAMMA-RAY BLAZAR PG 1553+113 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects: individual (PG 1553+113); gamma rays: observations ID BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SPACE-TELESCOPE SURVEY; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; RADIO-SOURCES; MAGIC TELESCOPE; ENERGY-SPECTRA; HOST GALAXIES; CRAB-NEBULA AB We report the observations of PG 1553+113 during the first similar to 200 days of Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope science operations, from 2008 August 4 to 2009 February 22 (MJD 54682.7-54884.2). This is the first detailed study of PG 1553+113 in the GeV gamma-ray regime and it allows us to fill a gap of three decades in energy in its spectral energy distribution (SED). We find PG 1553+113 to be a steady source with a hard spectrum that is best fit by a simple power law in the Fermi energy band. We combine the Fermi data with archival radio, optical, X-ray, and very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray data to model its broadband SED and find that a simple, one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model provides a reasonable fit. PG 1553+113 has the softest VHE spectrum of all sources detected in that regime and, out of those with significant detections across the Fermi energy bandpass so far, the hardest spectrum in that energy regime. Thus, it has the largest spectral break of any gamma-ray source studied to date, which could be due to the absorption of the intrinsic gamma-ray spectrum by the extragalactic background light (EBL). Assuming this to be the case, we selected a model with a low level of EBL and used it to absorb the power-law spectrum from PG 1553+113 measured with Fermi (200 MeV-157 GeV) to find the redshift, which gave the best fit to the measured VHE data (90 GeV-1.1 TeV) for this parameterization of the EBL. We show that this redshift can be considered an upper limit on the distance to PG 1553+113. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Strickman, M. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Axelsson, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Conrad, J.; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, Lab AIM,CEA,IRFU,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Giebels, B.; Horan, D.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caraveo, P. A.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Celik, Oe.; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Hughes, R. E.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Meurer, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Coll Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gehrels, N.; McConville, W.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kataoka, J.; Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-30128 Toulouse 4, France. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ozaki, M.; Uchiyama, Y.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM deirdre@llr.in2p3.fr RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Axelsson, Magnus/0000-0003-4378-8785; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Wallenberg Foundation in Sweden FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges the generous support of a number of agencies and institutes that have supported the Fermi LAT Collaboration. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States; the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase from the following agencies is also gratefully acknowledged: the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation in Sweden. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. Thanks to Wystan Benbow, Luigi Costamante, Daniela Dorner, Andrea Tramacere, and Robert Wagner for supplying archival data points. NR 66 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 2 BP 1310 EP 1320 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/1310 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 536CY UT WOS:000273021000028 ER PT J AU Weltevrede, P Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Axelsson, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Baughman, BM Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Camilo, F Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cognard, I Cohen-Tanugi, J Cominsky, LR Conrad, J Cutini, S Dermer, CD Desvignes, G de Angelis, A de Luca, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Dormody, M Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Freire, PCC Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giavitto, G Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hays, E Hobbs, G Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Johnston, S Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Keith, M Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kocian, ML Kramer, M Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Lyne, AG Makeev, A Manchester, RN Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE McGlynn, S Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Ransom, SM Razzano, M Rea, N Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Rochester, LS Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stappers, BW Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Theureau, G Thompson, DJ Thorsett, SE Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Van Etten, A Vasileiou, V Venter, C Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Wang, N Watters, K Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Weltevrede, P. Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Axelsson, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Baughman, B. M. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Camilo, F. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cognard, I. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Cominsky, L. R. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. Dermer, C. D. Desvignes, G. de Angelis, A. de Luca, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. Dormody, M. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Freire, P. C. C. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giavitto, G. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hays, E. Hobbs, G. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Johnston, S. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Keith, M. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocian, M. L. Kramer, M. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Lyne, A. G. Makeev, A. Manchester, R. N. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. McGlynn, S. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Ransom, S. M. Razzano, M. Rea, N. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Rochester, L. S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stappers, B. W. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Theureau, G. Thompson, D. J. Thorsett, S. E. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Van Etten, A. Vasileiou, V. Venter, C. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Wang, N. Watters, K. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI GAMMA-RAY AND RADIO PROPERTIES OF SIX PULSARS DETECTED BY THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars: individual (PSRs J0631+1036, J0659+1414, J0742-2822, J1420-6048, J1509-5850, J1718-3825) ID MIDDLE-AGED PULSARS; PSR B0656+14; SOUTHERN PULSARS; EMPIRICAL-THEORY; NEUTRON-STARS; WIND NEBULAE; EMISSION REGION; SPACE-TELESCOPE; TIMING PACKAGE; YOUNG PULSARS AB We report the detection of pulsed gamma-rays for PSRs J0631+1036, J0659+1414, J0742-2822, J1420-6048, J1509-5850, and J1718-3825 using the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (formerly known as GLAST). Although these six pulsars are diverse in terms of their spin parameters, they share an important feature: their gamma-ray light curves are (at least given the current count statistics) single peaked. For two pulsars, there are hints for a double-peaked structure in the light curves. The shapes of the observed light curves of this group of pulsars are discussed in the light of models for which the emission originates from high up in the magnetosphere. The observed phases of the gamma-ray light curves are, in general, consistent with those predicted by high-altitude models, although we speculate that the gamma-ray emission of PSR J0659+1414, possibly featuring the softest spectrum of all Fermi pulsars coupled with a very low efficiency, arises from relatively low down in the magnetosphere. High-quality radio polarization data are available showing that all but one have a high degree of linear polarization. This allows us to place some constraints on the viewing geometry and aids the comparison of the gamma-ray light curves with high-energy beam models. C1 [Weltevrede, P.; Hobbs, G.; Johnston, S.; Keith, M.; Manchester, R. N.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Weltevrede, P.; Kramer, M.; Lyne, A. G.; Stappers, B. W.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Cutini, S.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Axelsson, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; McGlynn, S.; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA Saclay, Lab AIM,CEA,IRFU,Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Giavitto, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Baughman, B. M.; Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Giebels, B.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Camilo, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Caraveo, P. A.; de Luca, A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe.; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cognard, I.; Desvignes, G.; Theureau, G.] CNRS, LPCE, UMR 6115, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. [Cognard, I.; Desvignes, G.; Theureau, G.] CNRS, Observ Paris, INSU, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Cominsky, L. R.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. 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[Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Freire, P. C. C.] Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guillemot, L.; Kramer, M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hanabata, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Jackson, M. S.; McGlynn, S.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol, AlbaNova, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kataoka, J.; Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ransom, S. M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Rea, N.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Rea, N.] Sterrenkundig Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Uchiyama, Y.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Venter, C.] North West Univ, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Wang, N.] NAOC, Urumqi Observ, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Weltevrede, P (reprint author), CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. EM weltevrede@manchester.ac.uk; Simon.Johnston@atnf.csiro.au; smith@cenbg.in2p3.fr RI Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Rea, Nanda/I-2853-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Venter, Christo/E-6884-2011; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013 OI Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Axelsson, Magnus/0000-0003-4378-8785; De Luca, Andrea/0000-0001-6739-687X; Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Rea, Nanda/0000-0003-2177-6388; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Thorsett, Stephen/0000-0002-2025-9613; Venter, Christo/0000-0002-2666-4812; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; FU Commonwealth of Australia; Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K.A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France FX The Australia Telescope is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia for operation as a National Facility managed by the CSIRO. The Nan, cay Radio Observatory is operated by the Paris Observatory, associated with the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). The Lovell Telescope is owned and operated by the University of Manchester as part of the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics with support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. NR 86 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 2 BP 1426 EP 1441 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/1426 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 536CY UT WOS:000273021000038 ER PT J AU Acciari, VA Aliu, E Arlen, T Aune, T Bautista, M Beilicke, M Benbow, W Bottcher, M Boltuch, D Bradbury, SM Buckley, JH Bugaev, V Byrum, K Cannon, A Cesarini, A Chow, YC Ciupik, L Cogan, P Cui, W Duke, C Falcone, A Finley, JP Finnegan, G Fortson, L Furniss, A Galante, N Gall, D Gillanders, GH Godambe, S Grube, J Guenette, R Gyuk, G Hanna, D Holder, J Hui, CM Humensky, TB Kaaret, P Karlsson, N Kertzman, M Kieda, D Konopelko, A Krawczynski, H Krennrich, F Lang, MJ LeBohec, S Maier, G McArthur, S McCann, A McCutcheon, M Millis, J Moriarty, P Nagai, T Ong, RA Otte, AN Pandel, D Perkins, JS Pichel, A Pohl, M Quinn, J Ragan, K Reyes, LC Reynolds, PT Roache, E Rose, HJ Schroedter, M Sembroski, GH Senturk, GD Smith, AW Steele, D Swordy, SP Theiling, M Thibadeau, S Varlotta, A Vassiliev, VV Vincent, S Wagner, RG Wakely, SP Ward, JE Weekes, TC Weinstein, A Weisgarber, T Williams, DA Wissel, S Wood, M Zitzer, B Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Baughman, BM Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Celik, O Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Cutini, S Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F Silva, EDE Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hanabata, Y Hays, E Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kocian, ML Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Rodriguez, AY Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sgro, C Shaw, MS Siskind, EJ Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M Barber, SD Terndrup, DM AF Acciari, V. A. Aliu, E. Arlen, T. Aune, T. Bautista, M. Beilicke, M. Benbow, W. Boettcher, M. Boltuch, D. Bradbury, S. M. Buckley, J. H. Bugaev, V. Byrum, K. Cannon, A. Cesarini, A. Chow, Y. C. Ciupik, L. Cogan, P. Cui, W. Duke, C. Falcone, A. Finley, J. P. Finnegan, G. Fortson, L. Furniss, A. Galante, N. Gall, D. Gillanders, G. H. Godambe, S. Grube, J. Guenette, R. Gyuk, G. Hanna, D. Holder, J. Hui, C. M. Humensky, T. B. Kaaret, P. Karlsson, N. Kertzman, M. Kieda, D. Konopelko, A. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Lang, M. J. LeBohec, S. Maier, G. McArthur, S. McCann, A. McCutcheon, M. Millis, J. Moriarty, P. Nagai, T. Ong, R. A. Otte, A. N. Pandel, D. Perkins, J. S. Pichel, A. Pohl, M. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Reyes, L. C. Reynolds, P. T. Roache, E. Rose, H. J. Schroedter, M. Sembroski, G. H. Senturk, G. Demet Smith, A. W. Steele, D. Swordy, S. P. Theiling, M. Thibadeau, S. Varlotta, A. Vassiliev, V. V. Vincent, S. Wagner, R. G. Wakely, S. P. Ward, J. E. Weekes, T. C. Weinstein, A. Weisgarber, T. Williams, D. A. Wissel, S. Wood, M. Zitzer, B. Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Baughman, B. M. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hanabata, Y. Hays, E. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocian, M. L. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Rodriguez, A. Y. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Shaw, M. S. Siskind, E. J. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. Barber, S. D. Terndrup, D. M. CA VERITAS Collaboration Fermi LAT Collaboration TI DISCOVERY OF VERY HIGH ENERGY GAMMA RAYS FROM PKS 1424+240 AND MULTIWAVELENGTH CONSTRAINTS ON ITS REDSHIFT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects: individual (PKS 1424+240=VER J1427+237), gamma rays: observations ID BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; BACKGROUND-RADIATION; SOURCE LIST; VERITAS; ASTRONOMY; EMISSION; SPECTRA; BLAZARS; MISSION AB We report the first detection of very high energy(83) (VHE) gamma-ray emission above 140 GeV from PKS 1424+240, a BL Lac object with an unknown redshift. The photon spectrum above 140 GeV measured by VERITAS is well described by a power law with a photon index of 3.8 +/- 0.5(stat) +/- 0.3(syst) and a flux normalization at 200 GeV of (5.1 +/- 0.9(stat) +/- 0.5(syst)) x 10(-11) TeV-1 cm(-2) s(-1), where stat and syst denote the statistical and systematical uncertainties, respectively. The VHE flux is steady over the observation period between MJD 54881 and 55003 (from 2009 February 19 to June 21). Flux variability is also not observed in contemporaneous high-energy observations with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. Contemporaneous X-ray and optical data were also obtained from the Swift XRT and MDM observatory, respectively. The broadband spectral energy distribution is well described by a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model favoring a redshift of less than 0.1. Using the photon index measured with Fermi in combination with recent extragalactic background light absorption models it can be concluded from the VERITAS data that the redshift of PKS 1424+240 is less than 0.66. C1 [Aune, T.; Furniss, A.; Otte, A. N.; Williams, D. A.; Porter, T. A.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Aliu, E.; Boltuch, D.; Holder, J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Aliu, E.; Boltuch, D.; Holder, J.] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Arlen, T.; Chow, Y. C.; Ong, R. A.; Vassiliev, V. V.; Weinstein, A.; Wood, M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bautista, M.; Cogan, P.; Guenette, R.; Hanna, D.; Maier, G.; McCann, A.; McCutcheon, M.; Ragan, K.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Beilicke, M.; Buckley, J. 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[Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys,CEA IRFU,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Baughman, B. M.; Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Giebels, B.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Giommi, P.] ASI, Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Celik, Oe; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, CNRS, IN2P3, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Meurer, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Guillemot, L.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Guillemot, L.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.] CNRS, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gehrels, N.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Jackson, M. S.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] AlbaNova, Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kataoka, J.; Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Kawai, N.] Inst Phys & Chem Res RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] CNRS UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Porter, T. A.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Div Space Sci, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Uchiyama, Y.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. [Barber, S. D.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Terndrup, D. M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Terndrup, D. M.] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Acciari, V. A.; Benbow, W.; Galante, N.; Perkins, J. S.; Roache, E.; Theiling, M.; Weekes, T. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. RP Furniss, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM nepomuk.otte@gmail.com; amy.furniss@gmail.com; jchiang@slac.stanford.edu RI Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013 OI Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Ward, John E/0000-0003-1973-0794; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Pandel, Dirk/0000-0003-2085-5586; Lang, Mark/0000-0003-4641-4201; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Cesarini, Andrea/0000-0002-8611-8610; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385 FU K. A. Wallenberg Foundation FX Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow, funded by a grant from the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation. NR 37 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 10 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 2 BP L100 EP L106 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/708/2/L100 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 540CJ UT WOS:000273308000007 ER PT J AU Wood, BE Howard, RA Thernisien, A Socker, DG AF Wood, B. E. Howard, R. A. Thernisien, A. Socker, D. G. TI THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF A COROTATING INTERACTION REGION IN THE INNER HELIOSPHERE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; solar wind ID SOLAR-WIND; HYDRODYNAMICAL SIMULATIONS; ABSORPTION COMPONENTS; STREAMS; SECCHI; EARTH; SUN AB In its three years of operation, the HI2 imagers on the two Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) spacecraft have imaged many corotating interaction regions (CIRs) in the interplanetary medium, allowing the study of their three-dimensional (3D) morphology. Using an entirely empirical analysis technique, we construct a 3D model of one CIR, which is able to reproduce the general appearance and evolution of the CIR in HI2 images. The model CIR is also consistent with in situ data. Its curvature is compatible with the observed speed of the slow wind that is acting as the barrier for the fast wind piling up against it, and the width of the model CIR is consistent with the duration of the observed density pulse. Perpendicular to the equatorial plane, the model CIR has a parabolic shape that maps beautifully back to a bifurcated streamer observed at the Sun, which surrounds a coronal hole. This implies that this particular CIR is due to fast wind emanating from low latitudes that is impinging against slow wind in overlying streamers. C1 [Wood, B. E.; Howard, R. A.; Thernisien, A.; Socker, D. G.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wood, BE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brian.wood@nrl.navy.mil; russ.howard@nrl.navy.mil; arnaud.thernisien.ctr.fr@nrl.navy.mil; dennis.socker@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA [NAS5-00132, NAS5-00133]; USAF; ONR FX The STEREO/SECCHI data are produced by a consortium of NRL (US), LMSAL (US), NASA/GSFC (US), RAL (UK), UBHAM (UK), MPS (Germany), CSL (Belgium), IOTA (France), and IAS (France). In addition to funding by NASA, NRL also received support from the USAF Space Test Program and ONR. In addition to SECCHI, this work has made use of data provided by the STEREO PLASTIC and IMPACT teams, supported by NASA contracts NAS5-00132 and NAS5-00133. We have also made use of data provided by the CELIAS/MTOF experiment on SOHO, which is a joint ESA and NASA mission. We thank the ACE SWEPAM and MAG instrument teams and the ACE Science Center for providing the ACE data. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 10 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 2 BP L89 EP L94 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/708/2/L89 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 540CJ UT WOS:000273308000005 ER PT J AU Ahlers, G Dressel, B Oh, J Pesch, W AF Ahlers, Guenter Dressel, Bernd Oh, Jaechul Pesch, Werner TI Strong non-Boussinesq effects near the onset of convection in a fluid near its critical point SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Benard; instability ID RAYLEIGH-BENARD CONVECTION; LIQUID CRITICAL-POINT; THERMAL-CONVECTION; SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; PATTERNS; HEXAGONS; SYSTEMS; APPROXIMATION; CONDUCTIVITY; FLUCTUATIONS AB Measurements of fluctuations and convection patterns in horizontal layers or fluid heated from below and near the onset of Rayleigh-Benard convection (RBC) are reported under conditions where the fluid properties vary strongly over the temperature range Delta T = T(b) - T(t) (T(b) and T(t) are the temperatures at the bottom and top of the sample, respectively). To facilitate a comparison with the data, the theory of Busse (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 30, 1967, p. 625) of these so called non-Oberbeck-Boussinesq (NOB) effects, which applies to the case of relatively weak (and linear) temperature dependences, was extended to arbitrary variations with temperature. It is conceptually useful to divide the variations with temperature of the fluid properties into two disjunct parts. One part is chosen so that it preserves the reflection symmetry of the system about the horizontal midplane, while the remainder breaks that symmetry. The latter, exclusively considered by Busse, leads (in contrast to the formation of the typical convection rolls in RBC) to hexagons immediately above the transition to convection at the critical temperature difference Delta T(c). The symmetric part, on the other hand, does not prevent the bifurcation to rolls, but may become very important for the determination of Delta T(c). In the experiment the fluid was sulfur hexafluoride at temperatures above but close to the gas-liquid critical point, where all fluid properties vary strongly with temperature. All measurements were done along isobars by varying Delta T. Patterns were observed above onset (Delta T greater than or similar to Delta T(c)), while for the conduction state at Delta T < Delta T(c) there were only fluctuations induced by Brownian motion. When the mean temperature T(m) (T(b) + T(t))/2 was such that the density rho at T(m) was equal to the critical density rho*, the mirror symmetry about the horizontal midplane of the sample was essentially preserved. In that case, as expected, we found a direct transition to rolls and the critical temperature difference Delta T(c) was considerably shifted compared to the critical value Delta T(c,OB) in the absence of NOB effects. When, on the other hand, T(m) was not located on the critical isochore, the NOB effects broke the reflection symmetry and led to a hysteretic transition from fluctuations to hexagonal patterns. In this latter case the hexagonal pattern, the observed hysteresis at onset and the transition from hexagons to rolls at larger Delta T were consistent with the 'classical' predictions by Busse. C1 [Ahlers, Guenter] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Dressel, Bernd; Pesch, Werner] Univ Bayreuth, Inst Phys, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Oh, Jaechul] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ahlers, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM guenter@physics.ucsb.edu FU US National Science Foundation [DMR07-02111]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX The experimental work was supported by the US National Science Foundation through Grant DMR07-02111. One of the authors (W. Pesch) is very grateful to Professor Busse for many fruitful discussions about NOB convection. G. Ahlers acknowledges also the support of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, as well as the kind hospitality of the physical institute of the University of Bayreuth and the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-organization, Gottingen, where part of this work was performed. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD JAN 10 PY 2010 VL 642 BP 15 EP 48 DI 10.1017/S0022112009991686 PG 34 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 555EJ UT WOS:000274490500003 ER PT J AU Michalak, L Canali, CM Pederson, MR Paulsson, M Benza, VG AF Michalak, L. Canali, C. M. Pederson, M. R. Paulsson, M. Benza, V. G. TI Theory of Tunneling Spectroscopy in a Mn-12 Single-Electron Transistor by Density-Functional Theory Methods SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULE MAGNETS; MAGNETIZATION AB We consider tunneling transport through a Mn-12 molecular magnet using spin density functional theory. A tractable methodology for constructing many-body wave functions from Kohn-Sham orbitals allows for the determination of spin-dependent matrix elements for use in transport calculations. The tunneling conductance at finite bias is characterized by peaks representing transitions between spin multiplets, separated by an energy on the order of the magnetic anisotropy. The energy splitting of the spin multiplets and the spatial part of their many-body wave functions, describing the orbital degrees of freedom of the excess charge, strongly affect the electronic transport, and can lead to negative differential conductance. C1 [Michalak, L.; Canali, C. M.; Paulsson, M.] Kalmar Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Div Phys, S-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. [Pederson, M. R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Benza, V. G.] Univ Insubria, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, I-20064 Como, Italy. RP Michalak, L (reprint author), Kalmar Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Div Phys, S-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RI Paulsson, Magnus/A-6579-2011; Paulsson, Magnus/A-8474-2008 OI Paulsson, Magnus/0000-0001-8266-6911; FU Faculty of Natural Sciences at Kalmar University; Swedish Research Council [621-2007-5019] FX This work was supported by the Faculty of Natural Sciences at Kalmar University and the Swedish Research Council under Grant No. 621-2007-5019. M. R. P. thanks the DOD HPCMO for computational resources. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 8 PY 2010 VL 104 IS 1 AR 017202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.017202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 547IX UT WOS:000273881900037 PM 20366388 ER PT J AU Hooper, J AF Hooper, Joe TI Vibrational energy transfer in shocked molecular crystals SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE decomposition; dislocations; equations of state; molecular dynamics method; phonon-phonon interactions; shock wave effects; vibrational modes ID HOT-SPOT FORMATION; DENSE MEDIUM; MULTIPHONON RELAXATION; TRANSFER RATES; EXPLOSIVES; SOLIDS; METALS; DYNAMICS; NITROMETHANE; ABSORPTION AB We consider the process of establishing thermal equilibrium behind an ideal shock front in molecular crystals and its possible role in initiating chemical reaction at high shock pressures. A new theory of equilibration via multiphonon energy transfer is developed to treat the scattering of shock-induced phonons into internal molecular vibrations. Simple analytic forms are derived for the change in this energy transfer at different Hugoniot end states following shock compression. The total time required for thermal equilibration is found to be an order of magnitude or faster than proposed in previous work; in materials representative of explosive molecular crystals, equilibration is predicted to occur within a few picoseconds following the passage of an ideal shock wave. Recent molecular dynamics calculations are consistent with these time scales. The possibility of defect-induced temperature localization due purely to nonequilibrium phonon processes is studied by means of a simple model of the strain field around an inhomogeneity. The specific case of immobile straight dislocations is studied, and a region of enhanced energy transfer on the order of 5 nm is found. Due to the rapid establishment of thermal equilibrium, these regions are unrelated to the shock sensitivity of a material but may allow temperature localization at high shock pressures. Results also suggest that if any decomposition due to molecular collisions is occurring within the shock front itself, these collisions are not enhanced by any nonequilibrium thermal state. C1 USN, Res Dept, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Hooper, J (reprint author), USN, Res Dept, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM joseph.p.hooper@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The author would like to acknowledge Jerry Forbes for many useful discussions on shock and detonation physics, Frank Zerilli for calculations on alpha-HMX and useful discussion, and Harold Sandusky for insight into shock sensitivity. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research funded Indian Head Division In-House Laboratory Independent Research program under the direction of Dr. Alfred G. Stern. NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 7 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 1 AR 014507 DI 10.1063/1.3273212 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 542DQ UT WOS:000273472300031 PM 20078172 ER PT J AU Fragiadakis, D Gamache, R Bogoslovov, RB Roland, CM AF Fragiadakis, D. Gamache, R. Bogoslovov, R. B. Roland, C. M. TI Segmental dynamics of polyurea: Effect of stoichiometry SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Polyurea; Ballistic coatings; Segmental dynamics ID HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; ALPHA-RELAXATION; LIQUIDS; DEFORMATION; POLYMERS; BLAST; TIME AB We study the effect of variations in the soft/hard segment ratio, achieved through stoichiometry changes, in elastomeric polyurea. These variations have a marked effect on the mechanical properties; however, the materials exhibit very similar glass transitions and local segmental relaxation dynamics. The latter differ only at elevated pressure, an increase in hard segment content associated with greater sensitivity to pressure and volume changes. In this respect the polyurea mimics the behavior found recently for an elastomer reinforced with hard filler particles. The resistance to ballistic penetration of the polyurea was unaffected by the stoichiometry variations, consistent with the idea that the impact performance of elastomers is governed by the segmental dynamics rather than properties measured in conventional mechanical tests. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fragiadakis, D.; Bogoslovov, R. B.; Roland, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gamache, R.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil RI Fragiadakis, Daniel/A-4510-2009; He, Yong/F-8752-2012 FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. DF thanks the National Research Council for a post-doctoral fellowship. We thank Riccardo Casalini for assistance with highpressure dielectric measurements and useful discussions. NR 30 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JAN 6 PY 2010 VL 51 IS 1 BP 178 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.11.028 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 541SE UT WOS:000273439500022 ER PT J AU Rodgers, EM Bailey, SM Warren, HP Woods, TN Eparvier, FG AF Rodgers, E. M. Bailey, S. M. Warren, H. P. Woods, T. N. Eparvier, F. G. TI Nitric oxide density enhancements due to solar flares SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Nitric oxide; Soft X-ray irradiance; Solar flare; Thermosphere ID LOWER THERMOSPHERE; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; EUV IRRADIANCE; X-RAYS; FORMULATION; SPECTRUM; CHIANTI; MODEL AB A differential emission measure technique is used to determine flare spectra using solar observations from the soft X-ray instruments aboard the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics and Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment satellites. We examine the effect of the solar flare soft X-ray energy input on the nitric oxide (NO) density in the lower thermosphere. The retrieved spectrum of the 28 October 2003 X18 flare is input to a photochemical thermospheric NO model to calculate the predicted flare NO enhancements. Model results are compared to Student Nitric Oxide Explorer Ultraviolet Spectrometer observations of this flare. We present results of this comparison and show that the model and data tire in agreement. In addition, the NO density enhancements due to several flares are studied. We present results that show large solar flares can deposit the same amount of 0.1-2 and 0.1-7 nm energy to the thermosphere during a relatively short time as the Sun normally deposits in one day. The NO column density nearly doubles when the daily integrated energy above 5 J m(-2) is doubled. (C) 2009 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rodgers, E. M.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Bailey, S. M.] Virginia Tech, Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Warren, H. P.] USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Woods, T. N.; Eparvier, F. G.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Rodgers, EM (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM erica.rodgers@gi.alaska.edu FU NASA [NNG05GE37G] FX This work was funded through a NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program fellowship and partially through NASA Grant NNG05GE37G and the TIMED SEE experiment. We gratefully acknowledge the help and support of the SNOE, TIMED, and SORCE teams. Erica Rodgers thanks Bill Bristow, John Craven, Dirk Lummerzheim, Hans Nielsen, and Scott Bailey as helpful and supportive members of her Ph.D. graduate committee. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD JAN 4 PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 28 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2009.08.014 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 547VQ UT WOS:000273918100004 ER PT J AU Bashkansky, M Park, D Fatemi, FK AF Bashkansky, Mark Park, Doewon Fatemi, Fredrik K. TI Azimuthally and radially polarized light with a nematic SLM SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CYLINDRICAL-VECTOR BEAMS; ELECTROMAGNETIC DIFFRACTION; SINGLE MOLECULES; OPTICAL SYSTEMS; IMAGE FIELD; LASER-BEAMS; GENERATION; GRATINGS; FOCUS; TRAP AB We demonstrate a technique for generating azimuthally and radially polarized beams using a nematic liquid crystal spatial light modulator and a pi phase step. The technique is similar in concept to prior techniques that interfere TEM01 and TEM10 laser modes, but the presented technique removes the requirement of interferometric stability. We calculate an overlap integral of >0.96 with >70% efficiency from an input Gaussian mode. The technique can easily switch between beams with azimuthal and radial polarization. 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Bashkansky, Mark; Fatemi, Fredrik K.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Park, Doewon] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bashkansky, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bashkansky@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 30 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 22 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 4 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 1 BP 212 EP 217 DI 10.1364/OE.18.000212 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 539JE UT WOS:000273249400027 PM 20173841 ER PT J AU Fatemi, FK Bashkansky, M Oh, E Park, D AF Fatemi, Fredrik K. Bashkansky, Mark Oh, Eunkeu Park, Doewon TI Efficient excitation of the TE01 hollow metal waveguide mode for atom guiding SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CORE OPTICAL-FIBERS; TRANSMISSION; CO2-LASER; TRAPS AB We demonstrate excitation of the azimuthally-polarized TE01 cylindrical waveguide mode in hollow glass and metal waveguides with 780 nm light. Experimentally, we demonstrate formation of the vectorial vortex beams, and measure attenuation lengths of the TE01 mode in hollow optical fibers with diameters of 50-100 microns. By silver-coating the inner walls of the dielectric fibers, we demonstrate a approximate to 200% increase in the attenuation length. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Fatemi, Fredrik K.; Bashkansky, Mark; Oh, Eunkeu] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Park, Doewon] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fatemi, FK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ffatemi@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 4 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 1 BP 323 EP 332 DI 10.1364/OE.18.000323 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 539JE UT WOS:000273249400038 PM 20173852 ER PT J AU Du, EY Ives, R van Nevel, A She, JH AF Du, Eliza Yingzi Ives, Robert van Nevel, Alan She, Jin-Hua TI Advanced Image Processing for Defense and Security Applications SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Du, Eliza Yingzi] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Indianapolis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Indainapolis, IN 46259 USA. [Ives, Robert] USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [van Nevel, Alan] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Image & Signal Proc Branch, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [She, Jin-Hua] Tokyo Univ Technol, Sch Comp Sci, Tokyo 1920982, Japan. RP Du, EY (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Indianapolis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 723W Michigan St,SL 160, Indainapolis, IN 46259 USA. EM yidu@iupui.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-6172 J9 EURASIP J ADV SIG PR JI EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. PY 2010 AR 432972 DI 10.1155/2010/432972 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 760MJ UT WOS:000290328100001 ER PT S AU Badescu, SC Kim, D Bracker, AS Gammon, D Reinecke, TL AF Badescu, S. C. Kim, D. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. Reinecke, T. L. BE Vina, L Tejedor, C Calleja, JM TI DYNAMICAL NUCLEAR POLARIZATION VIA TRIPLET STATES IN SELF-ASSEMBLED QUANTUM DOT MOLECULES SO 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICS OF EXCITONS IN CONFINED SYSTEMS (OECS11) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Conference on Optics of Excitons in Confined Systems CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Univ Autonoma Madrid, SPAIN HO Univ Autonoma Madrid C1 [Badescu, S. C.; Kim, D.; Bracker, A. S.; Gammon, D.; Reinecke, T. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stefan.badescu@nrl.navy.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 210 PG 1 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BUL25 UT WOS:000289715800005 ER PT S AU Kowalski, MP Barstow, MA Wood, KS Yentis, DJ Fritz, GG Lapington, JS Barbee, TW Cruddace, RG AF Kowalski, M. P. Barstow, M. A. Wood, K. S. Yentis, D. J. Fritz, G. G. Lapington, J. S. Barbee, T. W., Jr. Cruddace, R. G. BE Werner, K Rauch, T TI High Resolution EUV Spectroscopy of Feige 24 SO 17TH EUROPEAN WHITE DWARF WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th European White Dwarf Workshop CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Tubingen, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, Univ Tubingen DE White Dwarfs; Ultraviolet; Spectroscopy ID DA WHITE-DWARFS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; G191-B2B; INTERSTELLAR; ATMOSPHERES; PHOTOSPHERE AB We report the first high-resolution (R=4000) spectroscopic observation of the binary DA white dwarf Feige 24 in the extreme-ultraviolet band 220-250 angstrom. A stellar atmosphere model assuming a homogeneous element distribution yields a best fit to the data that excludes a significant abundance of photospheric helium, a surprising result contrary to predictions by common envelope evolution theory. The upper limit on the photospheric helium abundance is 2.5x10(-6) (90% confidence), and the lower limit on the overlying layer of hydrogen is 1.2 x 10(-13) M-circle dot. An ionized He component (3.9 x 10(17) cm(-2)) is clearly present along the line-of-sight, which if completely interstellar implies a He ionization fraction of 0.7, considerably higher than is typical of the local interstellar medium. C1 [Kowalski, M. P.; Wood, K. S.; Yentis, D. J.; Cruddace, R. G.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kowalski, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7655,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kowalski@gfz-potsdam.de; mab@star.le.ac.uk RI Lapington, Jon/A-7669-2012 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0823-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1273 BP 52 EP 57 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTK36 UT WOS:000287165200011 ER PT S AU Coleman, JO AF Coleman, Jeffrey O. BE Kleijn, B Larsen, J TI Tapers for Large Planar Phased Arrays on Regular Grids: Simple Design Methods versus Second-Order Cone Programming SO 18TH EUROPEAN SIGNAL PROCESSING CONFERENCE (EUSIPCO-2010) SE European Signal Processing Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO) CY AUG 23-27, 2010 CL Aalborg, DENMARK SP Aalborg Univ, European Assoc Signal, Speech, & Image Proc AB Design experiments compare taper-design approaches for a narrowband planar array of 10,000 or so elements on the triangular grid. Considered: a hexagonal-kernel McClellan transformation, a product of three 1D tapers, sampling Taylor's circular aperture, and second-order cone programming. C1 Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coleman, JO (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC SIGNAL SPEECH & IMAGE PROCESSING-EURASIP PI KESSARIANI PA PO BOX 74251, KESSARIANI, 151 10, GREECE SN 2076-1465 J9 EUR SIGNAL PR CONF PY 2010 VL 18 BP 1058 EP 1062 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC1DO UT WOS:000349999100214 ER PT S AU Estellers, V Baggenstoss, PM Thiran, JP AF Estellers, Virginia Baggenstoss, Paul M. Thiran, Jean-Philippe BE Kleijn, B Larsen, J TI CLASS-SPECIFIC CLASSIFIERS IN AUDIO-VISUAL SPEECH RECOGNITION SO 18TH EUROPEAN SIGNAL PROCESSING CONFERENCE (EUSIPCO-2010) SE European Signal Processing Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO) CY AUG 23-27, 2010 CL Aalborg, DENMARK SP Aalborg Univ, European Assoc Signal, Speech, & Image Proc AB In this paper, class-specific classifiers for audio, visual and audiovisual speech recognition systems are developed and compared with traditional Bayes classifiers. We use state-of-the-art feature extraction methods and develop traditional and class-specific classifiers for speech recognition, showing the benefits of a class-specific method on each modality for speaker dependent and independent set-ups. Experiments with a reference audio-visual database show a general increase in the systems performance by the introduction of class-specific techniques on both visual and audio-visual modalities. C1 [Estellers, Virginia; Thiran, Jean-Philippe] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Signal Proc Lab LTS5, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Baggenstoss, Paul M.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Estellers, V (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Signal Proc Lab LTS5, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. OI Thiran, Jean-Philippe/0000-0003-2938-9657 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC SIGNAL SPEECH & IMAGE PROCESSING-EURASIP PI KESSARIANI PA PO BOX 74251, KESSARIANI, 151 10, GREECE SN 2076-1465 J9 EUR SIGNAL PR CONF PY 2010 VL 18 BP 1998 EP 2002 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC1DO UT WOS:000349999100406 ER PT S AU Van Nevel, A AF Van Nevel, Alan BE Javidi, B MohammadDjafari, A Fournel, T TI Geometric diffusion as a classifier SO 2009 INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INFORMATION OPTICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Information Optics (WIO 09) CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Paris, FRANCE AB Often, the problem of automatic target recognition can be reduced down to two separate but related problems, feature extraction and classifier design. The best classifier only works as well as the input data provided to the system. In this presentation, we will outline a new approach to classification known as geometric diffusion as proposed by Coifman et al, and demonstrate the power of this new metric for classification of imagery. C1 USN, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Van Nevel, A (reprint author), USN, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, 1900 N Knox Rd,M-S 6302, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM alan.vannevel@navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 206 AR 012034 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/206/1/012034 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BTQ54 UT WOS:000287787400034 ER PT S AU Aebersold, J Walsh, K Beggans, M AF Aebersold J, Julia Walsh, Kevin Beggans, Michael GP IEEE TI Utilization of Direct Write Lithography to Develop Ultra High Aspect Ratio (> 100:1) DRIE Silicon Pillars SO 2010 18TH BIENNIAL UNIVERSITY/GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY MICRO-NANO SYMPOSIUM SE University Government Industry Micro-Nano Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Biennial University/Government/Industry Micro-Nano Symposium CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2010 CL Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN SP IEEE HO Purdue Univ AB Aspect ratios for deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) typically do not exceed 100. The discussed technique uses direct write lithography utilizing a Heidelberg DWL 66FS laser pattern generator followed by DRIE and hydrofluoric acid etching to create a nano pillar array on a silicon wafer. Prior to the direct write process, chrome was patterned on the wafer to act as an etch stop once the positive photoresist was consumed via DRIE. The sample was then oxygen-plasma etched to remove any remaining C4F8 residuals, as confirmed by Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Remaining oxides were removed with dilute hydrofluoric acid and the wafer was rinsed with de-ionized water. The resulting structure was a nano pillar array with aspect ratios of 129.9:1, where pillar lengths were 50 mu m with widths of 380 nm. C1 [Aebersold J, Julia; Walsh, Kevin] Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Beggans, Michael] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MARYLAND. RP Aebersold, J (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. FU U.S. Navy [DAAB07-03-D-B010/TO-0198] FX We gratefully acknowledge the funding for this effort from U.S. Navy Contract DAAB07-03-D-B010/TO-0198. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0749-6877 BN 978-1-4244-4732-9 J9 U GOV IND MICRO NANO PY 2010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BTO08 UT WOS:000287454500032 ER PT S AU Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Kim, CS Kim, M Lindle, JR Abell, J Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Bewley, W. W. Canedy, C. L. Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Lindle, J. R. Abell, J. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. GP IEEE TI ADVANCES IN THE GROWTH AND PERFORMANCE OF ANTIMONIDE-BASED MID-INFRARED INTERBAND CASCADE LASERS SO 2010 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS (IPRM) SE International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2010 CL Kagawa, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Applied Phys, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Elect Devic Soc, IEICE Electron Soc Japan, Kagawa Univ ID QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; HIGH-POWER; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CONTINUOUS-WAVE; NARROW-RIDGE AB We discuss the growth and state-of-the-art performance characteristics of mid-infrared interband cascade lasers. Broad-area devices with 5 active stages display pulsed threshold current densities as low as 400 A/cm(2) at room temperature, owing to an unexpectedly strong suppression of Auger recombination. New designs also produce lasers with internal losses as low as approximate to 6 cm(-1) at room temperature. We also study the performance of narrow ridges that dissipate heat efficiently for high-temperature cw operation. The degradations of the threshold current density and differential slope efficiency are modest until the ridge width is decreased to 3 mu m. A 13-mu m-wide uncoated ridge produces up to 45 mW of cw power at 293 K, and displays a maximum wall-plug efficiency of 3.5%. A 5-mu m-wide 3-mm-long ridge without any facet coatings operates cw to 345 K, which is a new record high temperature for any semiconductor laser emitting in the 3.0-4.6 mu m spectral range. C1 [Bewley, W. W.; Canedy, C. L.; Kim, C. S.; Kim, M.; Lindle, J. R.; Abell, J.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8669 BN 978-1-4244-5920-9 J9 CONF P INDIUM PHOSPH PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BTN71 UT WOS:000287417700017 ER PT J AU Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Kim, CS Kim, M Lindle, JR Abell, J Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Bewley, W. W. Canedy, C. L. Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Lindle, J. R. Abell, J. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. GP IEEE TI High Single-Mode Powers from Interband Cascade Lasers SO 2010 23RD ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the IEEE Photonics-Society CY NOV 07-11, 2010 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE Photon Soc C1 [Bewley, W. W.; Canedy, C. L.; Kim, C. S.; Kim, M.; Lindle, J. R.; Abell, J.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jerry.meyer@nrl.navy.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5369-6 PY 2010 BP 419 EP 420 DI 10.1109/PHOTONICS.2010.5698938 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BTS83 UT WOS:000287997500211 ER PT S AU Ranchal, R Bhargava, B Ben Othmane, L Lilien, L Kim, A Kang, MO Linderman, M AF Ranchal, Rohit Bhargava, Bharat Ben Othmane, Lotfi Lilien, Leszek Kim, Anya Kang, Myong Linderman, Mark GP IEEE TI Protection of Identity Information in Cloud Computing without Trusted Third Party SO 2010 29TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RELIABLE DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS SRDS 2010 SE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE International Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL New Delhi, INDIA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm, Microsoft Res, IBM, NSF DE active bundle; computing predicates; cloud computing; identity management system; multi-party computing; privacy; security AB Cloud computing allows the use of Internet-based services to support business processes and rental of IT-services on a utility-like basis. It offers a concentration of resources but also poses risks for data privacy. A single breach can cause significant loss. The heterogeneity of "users" represents a danger of multiple, collaborative threats. In cloud computing, entities may have multiple accounts associated with a single or multiple service providers (SPs). Sharing sensitive identity information (that is, Personally Identifiable information or PII) along with associated attributes of the same entity across services can lead to mapping of the identities to the entity, tantamount to privacy loss. Identity management (IDM) is one of the core components in cloud privacy and security and can help alleviate some of the problems associated with cloud computing. Available solutions use trusted third party (TTP) in identifying entities to SPs. The solution providers do not recommend the usage of their solutions on untrusted hosts. We propose an approach for IDM, which is independent of TTP and has the ability to use identity data on untrusted hosts. The approach is based on the use of predicates over encrypted data and multi-party computing for negotiating a use of a cloud service. It uses active bundle-which is a middleware agent that includes PII data, privacy policies, a virtual machine that enforces the policies, and has a set of protection mechanisms to protect itself. An active bundle interacts on behalf of a user to authenticate to cloud services using user's privacy policies. C1 [Ranchal, Rohit; Bhargava, Bharat] Purdue Univ, Dept Comp Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ben Othmane, Lotfi; Lilien, Leszek] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Kim, Anya] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Linderman, Mark] AF Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Ranchal, R (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Comp Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM rranchal@purdue.edu; bbshail@purdue.edu; lotfi.benothmane@wmich.edu; leszek.lilien@wmich.edu; anya.kim@nrl.navy.mil; myong.kang@nrl.navy.mil; mark.linderman@rl.af.mil OI ben Othmane, Lotfi/0000-0003-0883-7844 FU AFRL; NGC Corp FX This research was supported by a contract from AFRL and NGC Corp. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-9857 BN 978-0-7695-4250-8 J9 SYM REL DIST SYST PY 2010 BP 368 EP 372 DI 10.1109/SRDS.2010.57 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTO39 UT WOS:000287486100046 ER PT S AU Ammula, V Rao, SM Wentworth, SM AF Ammula, Veneela Rao, S. M. Wentworth, Stuart M. GP IEEE TI Dual Excited Planar Circular Array Antenna for Direction Agile Applications SO 2010 42ND SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY (SSST) SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd South Eastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 07-09, 2010 CL Univ Texas, Tyler, TX HO Univ Texas DE Smart antennas; beam steering; multiple excitations; antenna arrays AB Smart antennas present a promising solution to the present day capacity and coverage shortage in mobile wireless communications. These intelligent antennas when used at the base station can avoid a lot of interference by transmitting and receiving signals only in desired directions. Circular array antennas have gained popularity among various antenna configurations used for direction agile applications. This paper presents a planar circular array antenna for base stations in mobile wireless communication systems. The antenna could be electronically steered to give a complete 360 coverage around the base station. The model was created using FEKO Suite 5.4, a Method of Moments (MoM) based electromagnetic simulation software. Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm was applied to maximize the gain of the antenna in a single azimuth direction. Ideal dimensions for the antenna structure were obtained from the optimization process. The designed antenna was fabricated and tested in an anechoic chamber to verify its radiation characteristics. The experimental results were found to be in good agreement with the simulation results. C1 [Ammula, Veneela; Wentworth, Stuart M.] Auburn Univ, Dept ECE, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Rao, S. M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Ammula, V (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept ECE, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. FU WEREC; Auburn University FX This work is supported by WEREC, Auburn University. The authors would like to thank Calvin Cutshaw and the ECE department for assistance in fabrication of the antenna. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 978-1-4244-5692-5 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2010 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTN66 UT WOS:000287413500026 ER PT S AU Beaubouef, T Petry, FE AF Beaubouef, Theresa Petry, Frederick E. GP IEEE TI Database Security Issues in Rough Relational Databases SO 2010 42ND SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY (SSST) SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd South Eastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 07-09, 2010 CL Univ Texas, Tyler, TX HO Univ Texas DE rough sets; database security; information theory; entropy; rough relational database ID MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; UNCERTAINTY; COMMUNICATION AB In this paper we consider security issues that arise in imprecise databases based on rough set theory. The aspect of security considered is similar to that in statistical databases for which a combination of queries cannot reveal exact values of attributes. Information theory measures are used to characterize security for imprecise databases. C1 [Beaubouef, Theresa] Southeastern Louisiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. [Petry, Frederick E.] Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Beaubouef, T (reprint author), Southeastern Louisiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 978-1-4244-5692-5 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2010 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTN66 UT WOS:000287413500068 ER PT S AU Bush, FN Esposito, JM AF Bush, Forrest N. Esposito, Joel M. GP IEEE TI Vision-Based Lane Detection for an Autonomous Ground Vehicle: A Comparative Field Test SO 2010 42ND SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY (SSST) SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd South Eastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 07-09, 2010 CL Univ Texas, Tyler, TX HO Univ Texas DE Vision-Based Control; Unmanned Vehicles AB We examine the problem of designing computer vision algorithms to autonomously drive an off road vehicle between two lane markings painted on the ground. In this paper we describe field tests used to compare the efficacy of two popular line extractions techniques from the literature: the Hough Transform and the RANSAC Algorithm. Although it is very implementation dependent, we found the Hough Transform to be superior to the RANSAC algorithm in both speed and accuracy for identifying lane markings in the off road environment. C1 [Bush, Forrest N.; Esposito, Joel M.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bush, FN (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM m100744@usna.edu; esposito@usna.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 978-1-4244-5692-5 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2010 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTN66 UT WOS:000287413500006 ER PT S AU Felps, CM Fick, MH Kinkade, KR Searock, J Piepmeier, JA AF Felps, Charles M. Fick, Michael H. Kinkade, Keegan R. Searock, Jeremy Piepmeier, Jenelle Armstrong GP IEEE TI Integration of Semantic Vision Techniques for an Autonomous Robot Platform SO 2010 42ND SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY (SSST) SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd South Eastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 07-09, 2010 CL Univ Texas, Tyler, TX HO Univ Texas DE Semantic Vision; SIFT AB The Semantic Robot Vision Challenge is a research competition designed to advance the ability of agent's to automatically acquire knowledge and use this knowledge to identity objects in an unknown and unstructured environment. In this paper, we present a complete design and implementation of a robotic system intended to compete in the Semantic Robot Vision Challenge. The system takes a text input document of specific objects to search an online visual database to find a training image. The system then autonomously navigates through a cluttered environment, captures images of objects in the area, and uses the training images to identify objects found in the captured images. The system is complete, robust, and achieved first place in the 2009 competition. C1 [Felps, Charles M.; Fick, Michael H.; Kinkade, Keegan R.; Searock, Jeremy; Piepmeier, Jenelle Armstrong] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Felps, CM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 978-1-4244-5692-5 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2010 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTN66 UT WOS:000287413500047 ER PT S AU Henderson, MC Robertson, M Feemster, M AF Henderson, Midn. C. Robertson, M. Feemster, M. GP IEEE TI Implementation of Headway Compensation on Autonomous Vehicle Convoys with Command Shaping SO 2010 42ND SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY (SSST) SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd South Eastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 07-09, 2010 CL Univ Texas, Tyler, TX HO Univ Texas DE autonomous convoy control; command shaping AB This paper documents the application of the use of headway on autonomous convoys using front and back spacing information. The control method is based only on distance measurements between vehicles in the platoon. The lead vehicle's longitudinal control is developed to follow a given velocity. The follower vehicles maintain the desired spacing using distance measurements to the preceding and following vehicles. Headway proportionally varies the desired spacing between the vehicles based on the vehicle's speed. This approach leads to more physically realizable controller efforts for the follower vehicles and helps maintain and improve string stability. C1 [Henderson, Midn. C.; Robertson, M.; Feemster, M.] USN Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Henderson, MC (reprint author), USN Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM mroberts@usna.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 978-1-4244-5692-5 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2010 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTN66 UT WOS:000287413500004 ER PT S AU Ruttum, M Parikh, SP AF Ruttum, Mary Parikh, Sarangi P. GP IEEE TI Can robots recognize common Marine gestures? SO 2010 42ND SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY (SSST) SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd South Eastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 07-09, 2010 CL Univ Texas, Tyler, TX HO Univ Texas DE human-robot interaction; gesture recognition; comparison study AB This paper provides a different method for human-robot interaction and further encourages communication between human users and their robotic counterparts. The focus of our work is to develop a human-robot communication system that is not easily detectable and increases stealth when necessary. The human-robot interaction system we propose involves hand signals. Hand gestures are a common modality of communication humans use with each other. Likewise, hand commands are used by the Marine Corps to convey information to each other without speaking. We analyze common Marine gestures so that similar commands can be used to direct a robot out in the field. In this paper, we have selected important hand or body gestures used by the Marine Corps. We then identify distinguishable features for the different gestures. This includes position of joint variables as well as velocity and acceleration terms. Once ideal models of the gestures are designed, experimental data is gathered. Presently, we are comparing two different machine learning methods that can be used to identify a specific gesture. The two methods we are comparing are Bayesian networks and neural networks. This paper provides the background and structure of our experiments. Then, both models are discussed and experimental results are included. Finally, we make a comparison of the effectiveness of the two methods of interest. C1 [Ruttum, Mary; Parikh, Sarangi P.] USN Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ruttum, M (reprint author), USN Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM m105724@usna.edu; sparikh@usna.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 978-1-4244-5692-5 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2010 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTN66 UT WOS:000287413500044 ER PT S AU Topp, ENSJ Feemster, M AF Topp, E. N. S. J. Feemster, M. GP IEEE TI An Adaptive Control Design for a System with Unknown Control Direction: Experimental Results SO 2010 42ND SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY (SSST) SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd South Eastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 07-09, 2010 CL Univ Texas, Tyler, TX HO Univ Texas AB In this paper, experimental results for a singularity-free control algorithm capable of adapting for unknown control direction is presented. Specifically, the adaptive control design is implemented on a simple DC motor/inertial load system where the influence of the voltage control input is uncertain. Specifically, the controller is not sure whether a positive/negative torque is produced when a positive command voltage is applied. As a result, the armature winding connections can be reversed and the rotor velocity control objective tracking can still be achieved without additional hardware modification. C1 [Topp, E. N. S. J.; Feemster, M.] USN Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Topp, ENSJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM feemster@usna.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 978-1-4244-5692-5 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2010 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTN66 UT WOS:000287413500016 ER PT J AU Barber, DE McEachen, JC AF Barber, Don E. McEachen, John C. BE Wysocki, BJ Wysocki, TA TI Geolocation of WiMAX Subscriber Stations Based on the Timing Adjust Ranging Parameter SO 2010 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL PROCESSING AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (ICSPCS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS)/12th International Symposium on DSP and Communication Systems (DSPCS)/9th Workshop on the Internet, Telecommunications and Signal Processing (WTSP) CY DEC 13-15, 2010 CL Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Coll Engn DE 802.16; WiMAX; geolocation; timing adjust; ranging AB This paper examines the geolocation of standard compliant WiMAX subscriber stations based on timing adjust values captured from the air interface during network entry and initial ranging. Field tests were conducted to verify a linear correlation between timing adjust and distance. Repeated observations at fixed distances established the variance within timing adjusts. Results of this field testing were extended to multiple base station networks modeled in computer simulation, ultimately suggesting the possibility for geolocations based on WiMAX initial ranging with ten times greater accuracy then similar methods applied to GSM. C1 [Barber, Don E.; McEachen, John C.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA USA. RP Barber, DE (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-7907-8 PY 2010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYP61 UT WOS:000299631600010 ER PT J AU Walker, TO Tummala, M McEachen, J AF Walker, T. Owens, III Tummala, Murali McEachen, John BE Wysocki, BJ Wysocki, TA TI Energy Consumption Analysis of Flow-specific Medium Access and the Role of Probabilistic Preamble Sampling in Energy and Delay Performance SO 2010 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL PROCESSING AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (ICSPCS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS)/12th International Symposium on DSP and Communication Systems (DSPCS)/9th Workshop on the Internet, Telecommunications and Signal Processing (WTSP) CY DEC 13-15, 2010 CL Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Coll Engn DE wireless; medium access; flow-specific; energy efficient; preamble sampling; low power listening ID WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS AB In this paper, we present a novel energy consumption analysis of the flow-specific Cooperative Wireless Sensor Network Medium Access Control (CWS-MAC) protocol utilizing a nine-state radio energy model that includes both steady state and transient state energy consumption behavior. CWS-MAC is a traffic-adaptive, energy-efficient medium access scheme that has been shown in the literature to outperform both traditional contention and non-contention-based approaches by providing medium access service on a per flow basis. We also formally define and quantitatively investigate the technique of probabilistic preamble sampling which provides the ability to trade-off delay performance and energy consumption in the operation of low-power medium access schemes. C1 [Walker, T. Owens, III] USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Tummala, Murali; McEachen, John] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Walker, TO (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM owalker@usna.edu; mtummala@nps.edu; mceachen@nps.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-7907-8 PY 2010 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYP61 UT WOS:000299631600057 ER PT S AU Mukherjee, K Gupta, S Ray, A Wettergren, TA AF Mukherjee, Kushal Gupta, Shalabh Ray, Asok Wettergren, Thomas A. GP IEEE TI Statistical Mechanics-inspired Optimization for Sensor Field Reconfiguration SO 2010 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD DE Multi-objective optimization; Pareto Front; Statistical Mechanics; Gibbs Measure; Sensor field reconfiguration; Multi-agent Systems ID PHASE-TRANSITION; NETWORKS AB In a multi-objective optimization scenario (e.g., optimal sensor deployment and sensor field reconfiguration for detection of moving targets), the non-dominated points are usually concentrated within a small region of the large-dimensional decision space. This paper attempts to capture the low-dimensional behavior across the Pareto front by statistical mechanics-inspired optimization tools. A location-dependent energy function has been constructed and evaluated in terms of intensive temperature-like parameters in the sense of statistical mechanics. This low-order representation has been shown to permit rapid optimization of sensor field distribution on a simulation model of undersea operations. C1 [Mukherjee, Kushal; Gupta, Shalabh; Ray, Asok] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wettergren, Thomas A.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Mukherjee, K (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kum162@psu.edu; szg107@psu.edu; axr2@psu.edu; t.a.wettergren@ieee.org OI Wettergren, Thomas/0000-0002-6623-8412 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-0688]; U.S. Army Research Laboratory; U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-07-1-0376] FX This work has been supported in part by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Grant No. N00014-09-1-0688, and by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office under Grant No. W911NF-07-1-0376. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsoring agencies. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-7427-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2010 BP 714 EP 719 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BTK95 UT WOS:000287187901016 ER PT S AU Hurni, MA Sekhavat, P Karpenko, M Ross, IM AF Hurni, Michael A. Sekhavat, Pooya Karpenko, Mark Ross, I. Michael GP IEEE TI A Pseudospectral Optimal Motion Planner for Autonomous Unmanned Vehicles SO 2010 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD AB This paper presents a pseudospectral (PS) optimal control algorithm for the autonomous motion planning of a fleet of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs). The UGVs must traverse an obstacle-cluttered environment while maintaining robustness against possible collisions. The generality of the algorithm comes from a binary logic that modifies the cost function for various motion planning modes. Typical scenarios including path following and multi-vehicle pursuit are demonstrated. The proposed framework enables the availability of real-time information to be exploited by real-time reformulation of the optimal control problem combined with real-time computation. This allows the each vehicle to accommodate potential changes in the mission/environment and uncertain conditions. Experimental results are presented to substantiate the utility of the approach on a typical planning scenario. C1 [Hurni, Michael A.] USN Acad, Dept Weap & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Sekhavat, Pooya] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Stat, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Karpenko, Mark; Ross, I. Michael] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hurni, MA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Weap & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM hurni@usna.edu; psekhava@nps.edu; mkarpenk@nps.edu; imross@nps.edu NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-7427-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2010 BP 1591 EP 1598 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BTK95 UT WOS:000287187901160 ER PT S AU Knauff, M Dafis, C Niebur, D AF Knauff, Michael Dafis, Chris Niebur, Dagmar GP IEEE TI A New Battery Model For Use With An Extended Kalman Filter State Of Charge Estimator SO 2010 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD ID LEAD-ACID-BATTERIES; HYBRID-ELECTRIC VEHICLES; MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; OF-CHARGE; PREDICTING STATE; PACKS AB State of charge estimation based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF) has recently received attention for applications that apply rapidly changing current profiles to batteries such as in hybrid electric vehicles. A new battery model is proposed for use with such an estimator in an attempt to further improve its accuracy. The model is based on physical principles underlying the behavior of valve regulated lead acid batteries, taking into account nonlinearities that have been neglected in other models. The model is compared to a linear circuit model consisting of two parallel RC circuits, often used in EKF based state of charge estimation, demonstrating improvement in accuracy. C1 [Knauff, Michael] Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Niebur, Dagmar] Drexel Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Dafis, Chris] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Knauff, M (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM mykeknauff@yahoo.com FU Office of Naval Research [N0014-W-1-0404]; NSF-Navy Civilian Service (NNCS) Fellowship [0549139] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research Contract Number N0014-W-1-0404 and the NSF-Navy Civilian Service (NNCS) Fellowship-Scholarship Program #0549139. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-7427-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2010 BP 1991 EP 1996 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BTK95 UT WOS:000287187902064 ER PT S AU Hall, JS Romano, M Cristi, R AF Hall, Jason S. Romano, Marcello Cristi, Roberto GP IEEE TI Quaternion Feedback Regulator for Large Angle Maneuvers of Underactuated Spacecraft SO 2010 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD ID RIGID SPACECRAFT; ATTITUDE STABILIZATION; BODY AB A quaternion feedback regulator is developed to yield three-axis rate stabilization of an underactuated rigid spacecraft's attitude with two body-fixed control torques and arbitrary inertia matrix. Stable control is achieved by properly combining a generalized inverse component for feedback linearization and an auxiliary input to stabilize the underactuated system. The proposed control yields local stability within a domain of attraction through perturbed feedback linearization. The generalized inverse is damped near a bound on an inherent singularity to provide piecewise-smooth control. Numerical simulation results for a detumbling to a desired orientation maneuver are presented for an asymmetric spacecraft with two bounded body-fixed control torques to demonstrate the capability of the proposed attitude control method. Although this control method is not intended to provide attitude maintenance for attitude tracking or in the presence of relatively large disturbance torques, it may prove widely applicable for detumbling and reorientation maneuvers of spacecraft with only two available control torques. C1 [Hall, Jason S.] SPAWAR Space Field Act, Chantilly, VA USA. [Hall, Jason S.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Romano, Marcello] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Cristi, Roberto] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hall, JS (reprint author), SPAWAR Space Field Act, Chantilly, VA USA. EM jasonshall@ymail.com; mromano@nps.edu; rcristi@nps.edu NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-7427-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2010 BP 2867 EP 2872 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BTK95 UT WOS:000287187903042 ER PT S AU Kiriakidis, K AF Kiriakidis, Kiriakos GP IEEE TI Identification of an Agent Interaction Network SO 2010 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD AB Knowledge of some particular fact, subject, or event is conveyed among disparate agents affecting their respective activities and, in turn, the generation of new information. The author's main objective is to reconstruct the flow of information in the form of a weighted digraph, based on data that reflect agent activities. Embarking from the principles of maximum entropy, the author casts the digraph identification in the Bayesian estimation framework. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kiriakidis, K (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM kiriakid@usna.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-7427-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2010 BP 4076 EP 4077 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BTK95 UT WOS:000287187904077 ER PT S AU Esposito, JM AF Esposito, Joel M. GP IEEE TI Decentralized Cooperative Manipulation with a Swarm of Mobile Robots: the approach problem SO 2010 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD ID OBJECTS; GRASPS; 3-D AB In this paper we consider cooperative manipulation problems where a large group (swarm) of non-articulated mobile robots is trying to cooperatively control the velocity of some larger rigid body by exerting forces around its perimeter. We divide the problem into two phases: (1) approach; and (2) manipulation. This paper presents a novel decentralized solution to the approach phase. An artificial potential field is used to control the motion of the robots such that they establish contact with the object while avoiding collisions with other robots. The resulting grasp locally optimizes the group's ability to resist disturbances. The approach is provably convergent and does not require centralized coordination of the robots. The results are illustrated in simulation. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Esposito, JM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM esposito@usna.edu NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-7427-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2010 BP 4762 EP 4767 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BTK95 UT WOS:000287187905027 ER PT J AU Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Kim, CS Kim, M Lindle, JR Abell, J Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Bewley, W. W. Canedy, C. L. Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Lindle, J. R. Abell, J. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. GP IEEE TI Corrugated-Sidewall Distributed-Feedback Interband Cascade Lasers Emitting High Single-Mode Powers SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB We report corrugated-sidewall distributed-feedback interband cascade lasers that produce 45 mW of cw power in a single spectral mode at -20 degrees C, with maximum wall-plug efficiency of 7.6%. The current tuning range (0-25 degrees C) is 11 nm. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Bewley, W. W.; Canedy, C. L.; Kim, C. S.; Kim, M.; Lindle, J. R.; Abell, J.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513601215 ER PT J AU Bowman, SR Condon, NJ O'Connor, S AF Bowman, Steven R. Condon, Nicholas J. O'Connor, Shawn GP IEEE TI Dynamics of an Erbium Mid-IR Laser SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA ID ABSORPTION; CRYSTALS; KPB2CL5; GROWTH AB A room temperature 4.5 mu m laser is reported in Er:KPb(2)Cl(5) crystals using 0.8 mu m diode excitation. Long fluorescent lifetimes lead to important ETU and ESA processes. The impact of these excitation channels on laser performance is assessed. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Bowman, Steven R.; Condon, Nicholas J.; O'Connor, Shawn] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bowman, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5624,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Steven.Bowman@nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513600175 ER PT J AU Dekker, S Xiong, C Magi, E Judge, AC Sanghera, JS Shaw, LB Aggarwal, ID Moss, DJ Eggleton, BJ AF Dekker, S. Xiong, C. Magi, E. Judge, A. C. Sanghera, J. S. Shaw, L. B. Aggarwal, I. D. Moss, D. J. Eggleton, B. J. GP IEEE TI Broadband Low Power Super-continuum Generation in As2S3Chalcogenide Glass Fiber Nanotapers SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA ID SUPERCONTINUUM GENERATION AB We demonstrate broadband low power supercontinuum generation in arsenic sulphide (As2S3) tapered fiber nanowires with an effective area similar to 0.8 mu m(2) and nonlinearity gamma = 12,400 W-1 km(-1). Simulations showed good agreement between theory and experiment. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Dekker, S.; Xiong, C.; Magi, E.; Judge, A. C.; Moss, D. J.; Eggleton, B. J.] Univ Sydney, Ctr Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices Opt Syst CUDOS, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Sanghera, J. S.; Shaw, L. B.; Aggarwal, I. D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dekker, S (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Ctr Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices Opt Syst CUDOS, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM sdekker@physics.usyd.edu.au RI moss, david/B-8721-2011 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513600278 ER PT J AU Holmstrom, SA Stievater, TH Pruessner, MW Park, D Rabinovich, WS Kanakaraju, S Richardson, CJK Khurgin, JB AF Holmstrom, S. A. Stievater, T. H. Pruessner, M. W. Park, D. Rabinovich, W. S. Kanakaraju, S. Richardson, C. J. K. Khurgin, J. B. GP IEEE TI The Guided-Mode Phonon-Polariton in Suspended Waveguides SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB Using Raman scattering measurements in suspended semiconductor waveguides coupled with finite element analysis, we elucidate the properties of the guided mode phonon-polariton, which plays a critical role in many current terahertz generation approaches. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Holmstrom, S. A.] Univ Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. [Stievater, T. H.; Pruessner, M. W.; Park, D.; Rabinovich, W. S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kanakaraju, S.; Richardson, C. J. K.] Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Khurgin, J. B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Holmstrom, SA (reprint author), Univ Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. EM scott-holmstrom@utulsa.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513603146 ER PT J AU Hou, B Nees, J Easter, J He, Z Davis, J Petrov, G Thomas, A Krushelnick, K AF Hou, B. Nees, J. Easter, J. He, Z. Davis, J. Petrov, G. Thomas, A. Krushelnick, K. GP IEEE TI MeV Proton Beams Generated by 3 mJ Ultrafast Laser Pulses at 0.5 kHz SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB Well-collimated proton beams are generated from bulk glass along the target normal direction by tightly focused 3mJ ultrafast laser pulses at intensities of 2x10(18)W/cm(2) at 0.5kHz. Spectral measurements indicate maximum proton energy is around 0.5MeV. (C)2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Hou, B.; Nees, J.; Easter, J.; He, Z.; Thomas, A.; Krushelnick, K.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Davis, J.; Petrov, G.] Plasma Phys div, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hou, B (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM houbx@eecs.umich.edu RI Nees, John/P-4905-2016 OI Nees, John/0000-0001-8277-9123 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513602044 ER PT J AU Karaiskaj, D Moody, G Bristow, AD Siemens, ME Dai, X Bracker, AS Gammon, D Cundiff, ST AF Karaiskaj, D. Moody, G. Bristow, A. D. Siemens, M. E. Dai, X. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. Cundiff, S. T. GP IEEE TI Homogeneous Linewidth Temperature Dependence of Interfacial GaAs Quantum Dots Studied with Optical 2D Fourier-Transform Spectroscopy SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB Optical 2D Fourier-transform spectroscopy extracts the temperature-dependent homogeneous lineshape of an ensemble of interfacial quantum dots. The asymmetric lineshape reveals that confinement and excitation-induced dephasing compete with strong exciton-phonon interactions, which dominate at higher temperature. (C)2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Karaiskaj, D.; Moody, G.; Bristow, A. D.; Siemens, M. E.; Dai, X.; Cundiff, S. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Karaiskaj, D.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Moody, G.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bracker, A. S.; Gammon, D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Karaiskaj, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM karaiskaj@cas.usf.edu RI Bristow, Alan/F-9703-2013; Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Moody, Galan/J-5811-2014 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Moody, Galan/0000-0001-7263-1483 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513603019 ER PT J AU Kim, ED Truex, K Xu, XD Sun, B Steel, DG Bracker, AS Gammon, D Sham, LJ AF Kim, Erik D. Truex, Katherine Xu, Xiaodong Sun, Bo Steel, D. G. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. Sham, L. J. GP IEEE TI A Spin Phase Gate Based on Optically Generated Geometric Phases in a Self-Assembled Quantum Dot SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate the use of optically generated geometric phases to modify the phase of one of the spin states of an electron confined in an InAs quantum dot, effectively executing a spin phase gate. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Kim, Erik D.; Truex, Katherine; Xu, Xiaodong; Sun, Bo; Steel, D. G.] Univ Michigan, HM Randall Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bracker, A. S.; Gammon, D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sham, L. J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Kim, ED (reprint author), Univ Michigan, HM Randall Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dst@eecs.umich.edu; gammon@nrl.navy.mil; lsham@ucsd.edu FU ARO; NSA/LPS; ONR; NSF; AFOSR; IARPA; DARPA FX This work was supported in part by ARO, NSA/LPS, ONR, NSF, AFOSR, IARPA and DARPA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513603015 ER PT J AU Moody, G Siemens, ME Bristow, AD Dai, X Bracker, AS Gammon, D Cundiff, ST AF Moody, G. Siemens, M. E. Bristow, A. D. Dai, X. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. Cundiff, S. T. GP IEEE TI Temperature-Dependent Coupling of GaAs Quantum Well and Interfacial Quantum Dots Studied with Optical 2D Fourier-Transform Spectroscopy SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB Optical 2D Fourier-transform spectra reveal time and temperature dependent relaxation from GaAs quantum well states into the interfacial quantum dot ensemble. We attribute the increased rate of relaxation at higher temperature to stimulated phonon emission. (C)2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Moody, G.; Siemens, M. E.; Bristow, A. D.; Dai, X.; Cundiff, S. T.] JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moody, G.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bracker, A. S.; Gammon, D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moody, G (reprint author), JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu RI Bristow, Alan/F-9703-2013; Moody, Galan/J-5811-2014 OI Moody, Galan/0000-0001-7263-1483 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513603043 ER PT J AU Pruessner, MW Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS AF Pruessner, Marcel W. Stievater, Todd H. Rabinovich, William S. GP IEEE TI Optical Micromechanical Amplification and Damping in a Waveguide Microcavity SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate resonant amplification and damping in an integrated micromechanical resonator coupled to a waveguide Fabry-Perot microcavity. By varying the laser power and wavelength, the effective mechanical Q-factor (Q(0) = 2.5x10(4)) is varied from 9.8x10(3) to 4.9x10(5). (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Pruessner, Marcel W.; Stievater, Todd H.; Rabinovich, William S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pruessner, MW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513600408 ER PT J AU Reitzenstein, S Munch, S Franeck, P Rahimi-Iman, A Heindel, T Loffler, A Hofling, S Worschech, L Forchel, A Ponomarev, IV Reinecke, TL AF Reitzenstein, S. Muench, S. Franeck, P. Rahimi-Iman, A. Heindel, T. Loeffler, A. Hoefling, S. Worschech, L. Forchel, A. Ponomarev, I. V. Reinecke, T. L. GP IEEE TI Magneto-Optical Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics Effects in Quantum Dot Micropillar Systems SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB We report on magneto-optical control of quantum dot micropillar systems in the strong coupling regime. Magneto-optical resonance tuning, magnetic field control of the oscillator strength and spin cQED-effects will be presented. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Reitzenstein, S.; Muench, S.; Franeck, P.; Rahimi-Iman, A.; Heindel, T.; Loeffler, A.; Hoefling, S.; Worschech, L.; Forchel, A.] Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Ponomarev, I. V.; Reinecke, T. L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reitzenstein, S (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. EM stephan.reitzenstein@physik.uni-wuerzburg.de RI Ponomarev, Ilya/F-5183-2010 OI Ponomarev, Ilya/0000-0002-8584-6034 FU DFG via the research group; BMBF through the project "NanoQuit"; State of Bavaria FX This work was supported by the DFG via the research group Quantum Optics in Semiconductor Nanostructures, the BMBF through the project NanoQuit and the State of Bavaria. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513603209 ER PT J AU Tsai, TR Trofimov, I Heaps, CW Maiorov, M Zeidel, V Kim, CS Kim, M Canedy, CL Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Wysocki, G AF Tsai, Tracy R. Trofimov, Igor Heaps, Charles W. Maiorov, Mikhail Zeidel, Vladimir Kim, Chul Soo Kim, Mijin Canedy, Chadwick L. Bewley, William W. Lindle, J. Ryan Vurgaftman, Igor Meyer, Jerry R. Wysocki, Gerard GP IEEE TI Widely Tunable External Cavity Interband Cascade Laser for Spectroscopic Applications SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB We performed spectroscopy of methane using a broadly tunable external cavity interband cascade laser (EC-ICL). A miniaturized EC-ICL design for field applications, with improved anti-reflection and high-reflection coatings and new EC tuning mechanism, is presented. (C)2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Tsai, Tracy R.; Heaps, Charles W.; Wysocki, Gerard] Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Trofimov, Igor; Maiorov, Mikhail; Zeidel, Vladimir] AKELA Laser Corp, Jamesburg, NJ 08852 USA. [Kim, Chul Soo; Kim, Mijin; Canedy, Chadwick L.; Bewley, William W.; Lindle, J. Ryan; Vurgaftman, Igor; Meyer, Jerry R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Tsai, TR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM gwysocki@princeton.edu FU MIRTHE NSF Engineering Research Center; Aerodyne Research Inc. FX Financial support was provided by the MIRTHE NSF Engineering Research Center and a sub-award from a DoE STTR grant from Aerodyne Research Inc. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513601086 ER PT J AU Weiblen, RJ Hu, J Menyuk, CR Shaw, LB Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Weiblen, R. J. Hu, J. Menyuk, C. R. Shaw, L. B. Sanghera, J. S. Aggarwal, I. D. GP IEEE TI Maximizing the Supercontinuum Bandwidth in As2S3 Chalcogenide Photonic Crystal Fibers SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB We simulate supercontinuum generation in an As2S3 chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber with a hexagonal structure, optimizing the fiber pitch and pulse duration with a 2.8 mu m laser source in order to maximize the output bandwidth. (C)2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Weiblen, R. J.; Hu, J.; Menyuk, C. R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, TRC205A, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Shaw, L. B.; Sanghera, J. S.; Aggarwal, I. D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weiblen, RJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, TRC205A, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM ro2@umbc.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513601417 ER PT J AU Gliese, U Colladay, K Hastings, AS Tulchinsky, DA Urick, VJ Williams, KJ AF Gliese, Ulrik Colladay, Kristina Hastings, Alexander S. Tulchinsky, David A. Urick, Vincent J. Williams, Keith J. GP IEEE TI 53.5 % Photodiode RF Power Conversion Efficiency SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION OFC COLLOCATED NATIONAL FIBER OPTIC ENGINEERS CONFERENCE OFC-NFOEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Fiber Communication (OFC)/Collocated National Fiber Optic Engineers (NFOEC) CY MAR 21-25, 2010 CL San Diego, CA ID PHOTODETECTORS AB A record 53.5 % RF power conversion efficiency is reported for a photodiode delivering 24.4 dBm output power. This is achieved by optimized photodiode design, optical intensity-envelope shaping with a Mach-Zehnder modulator and photodiode signal compression. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Gliese, Ulrik] SGT, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Colladay, Kristina] Global Strateg Grp, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Hastings, Alexander S.; Tulchinsky, David A.; Urick, Vincent J.; Williams, Keith J.] US Naval Acad, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gliese, U (reprint author), SGT, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM ulrik.gliese@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-884-1 PY 2010 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BTO65 UT WOS:000287574100631 ER PT J AU Pejic, D Urekar, M Vujicic, V Avramov-Zamurovic, S AF Pejic, Dragan Urekar, Marjan Vujicic, Vladimir Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana GP IEEE TI COMPARATOR OFFSET ERROR SUPPRESSION IN STOCHASTIC CONVERTERS USED IN A WATT-HOUR METER SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE ID QUANTIZED HALL RESISTANCE AB The paper presents a method of suppressing offset induced error in comparators used in stochastic converters. A stochastic converter has two analog voltage inputs, and the output is proportional to the integral of input product. This converter is used to build a precision watt-hour meter prototype at University of Novi Sad. A stochastic method uses a high oversampling frequency and fast, off-the-shelf commercial comparators. These comparators have relatively large offset, but we show that it does not affect the quality of measurement. Mathematical theory, simulation and testing results are presented. The results show offset error reduction up to three orders of magnitude. C1 [Pejic, Dragan; Urekar, Marjan; Vujicic, Vladimir] Univ Novi Sad, Fac Tech Sci, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia. [Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Pejic, D (reprint author), Univ Novi Sad, Fac Tech Sci, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia. EM pejicdra@uns.ac.rs NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 235 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200120 ER PT J AU Avramov-Zamurovic, S Dagalakis, NG Lee, RD Kim, YS Yoo, JM Yang, SH AF Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana Dagalakis, Nicholas G. Lee, Rae Duk Kim, Yong Sik Yoo, Jae Myung Yang, Seung Ho GP IEEE TI Embedded Capacitive Displacement Sensor for Nanopositioning Applications SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS CPEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB The scale of nano objects requires very precise position determination. The state-of-the-art manipulators involve accurate nanometer positioning. This paper presents the design of a capacitive displacement sensor for a nanopositioning application. The challenges of designing a capacitor sensitive to nanometer movements that fits in the area of a few hundred square micrometers are described. Analysis of several different designs was carried out using commercial simulation software. Results suggest a sensing resolution of 10 nm displacement. A sensor prototype was fabricated and tested. C1 [Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Dagalakis, Nicholas G.; Lee, Rae Duk; Kim, Yong Sik; Yoo, Jae Myung; Yang, Seung Ho] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Avramov-Zamurovic, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM avramov@usna.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6794-5 PY 2010 BP 316 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTO48 UT WOS:000287511200161 ER PT S AU Sonmezer, V Tummala, M McEachen, J Adams, A AF Soenmezer, Volkan Tummala, Murali McEachen, John Adams, Agur BE Matthews, MB TI Cooperative Wideband Spectrum Sensing Using Radio Frequency Sensor Networks SO 2010 CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE FORTY FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS (ASILOMAR) SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 07-10, 2010 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB This paper implements spectrum sensing using a radio frequency sensor network and analyzes the performance of this implementation through simulation. A sensor network based cooperative wideband spectrum sensing scheme is proposed for the implementation of this task. In the proposed scheme, wavelet-based multi-resolution spectrum sensing, which was originally proposed for cognitive radio applications, is adapted to radio frequency sensor networks. For cooperation of the nodes in the proposed scheme, a new three-bit hard combination technique is developed. A simulation model is created in MATLAB programming language to implement the proposed scheme and to analyze its simulation performance. The results of the simulation show that the proposed sensor network based cooperative wideband spectrum sensing scheme is appropriate for radio frequency sensor networks and the proposed three-bit hard combination scheme is superior to the traditional hard combination schemes in terms of false alarm reduction. C1 [Soenmezer, Volkan; Tummala, Murali; McEachen, John; Adams, Agur] USN, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sonmezer, V (reprint author), USN, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-9721-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2010 BP 951 EP 955 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAW92 UT WOS:000305886000177 ER PT S AU De Villar, JA Ives, RW Matey, JR AF De Villar, Justin A. Ives, Robert W. Matey, James R. BE Matthews, MB TI Design and Implementation of a Long Range Iris Recognition System SO 2010 CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE FORTY FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS (ASILOMAR) SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 07-10, 2010 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Iris recognition is widely regarded as one of the most unique methods for subject identification. The practical application of iris recognition is primarily limited by constraints imposed on subjects to enable the collection of images of sufficient quality for recognition. This paper introduces the Iris-at-a-Distance (IAAD) system. The IAAD system is a prototype that illustrates the feasibility of iris recognition at a distance of 30 meters. The system uses a wide-field-of-view camera to locate a subject via face and eye detection. A narrow-field-of-view camera, attached to an 8-inch telescope, is then pointed to the first detected eye. Images taken from the iris acquisition camera are then processed for identification. This system acquires iris images from a subject within the capture volume in an average of four seconds. C1 [De Villar, Justin A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Ives, Robert W.; Matey, James R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP De Villar, JA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jadevill@nps.edu; ives@usna.edu; matey@usna.edu RI Matey, James/B-4372-2013 OI Matey, James/0000-0002-0508-785X FU Department of Defense; IRB protocol [USNA.2008.0052-CR01-EP6-A] FX This research has been funded in part by the Department of Defense. The research was conducted under an approved IRB protocol, USNA.2008.0052-CR01-EP6-A. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-9721-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2010 BP 1770 EP 1773 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAW92 UT WOS:000305886000328 ER PT S AU Shafer, JL Ngo, H Ives, RW AF Shafer, Jennifer L. Hau Ngo Ives, Robert W. BE Matthews, MB TI Using an FPGA to Accelerate Pupil Isolation in Iris Recognition SO 2010 CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE FORTY FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS (ASILOMAR) SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 07-10, 2010 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Iris recognition is an important application in the Department of Defense and the Department of Homeland Security. An algorithm that is both accurate and fast in a hardware design that is small and transportable are crucial to the implementation of this tool. As part of an ongoing effort to meet these criteria, this paper improves a segment of the US Naval Academy's RED iris recognition algorithm, namely pupil isolation. We show a significant speed-up of pupil isolation by implementing this portion of the algorithm on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). C1 [Shafer, Jennifer L.; Hau Ngo; Ives, Robert W.] USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Shafer, JL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-9721-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2010 BP 1774 EP 1777 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAW92 UT WOS:000305886000329 ER PT S AU Rogers, JS Krolik, JL AF Rogers, Jeffrey S. Krolik, Jeffrey L. BE Matthews, MB TI An Online Method for Time-varying Spatial Spectrum Estimation using a Towed Acoustic Array SO 2010 CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE FORTY FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS (ASILOMAR) SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 07-10, 2010 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID LOCALIZATION AB This paper addresses the problem of time-varying field directionality mapping (FDM) or spatial spectrum estimation in dynamic environments with a maneuverable towed acoustic array. Array processing algorithms for towed arrays are typically designed assuming the array is straight, and are thus degraded during tow ship maneuvers. In this paper, maneuvering the array is treated as a feature allowing for left and right disambiguation as well as improved resolution towards endfire. A new method for online spatial spectrum estimation is presented. The maximum likelihood of the time-varying field is solved for using a single expectation maximization step after each received data snapshot. A multi-source simulation is used to illustrate the proposed algorithm's ability to suppress ambiguous towed-array backlobes and resolve closely spaced interferers near endfire which pose challenges for conventional beamforming approaches, especially during array maneuvers. C1 [Rogers, Jeffrey S.] USN, Acoust Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Krolik, Jeffrey L.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Rogers, JS (reprint author), USN, Acoust Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU ONR [N000140810947] FX This work was supported by ONR under grant N000140810947. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-9721-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2010 BP 1837 EP 1841 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAW92 UT WOS:000305886000341 ER PT S AU Wagner, KT Doroslovacki, MI AF Wagner, Kevin T. Doroslovacki, Milos I. BE Matthews, MB TI PtNLMS ALGORITHM OBTAINED BY MINIMIZATION OF MEAN SQUARE ERROR MODELED BY EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS SO 2010 CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE FORTY FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS (ASILOMAR) SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 07-10, 2010 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Using the proportionate-type steepest descent algorithm we represent the current weight deviations in terms of initial weight deviations. Then we attempt to minimize the mean square output error with respect to the gains at a given instant. The corresponding optimal average gains are found using a water-filling procedure. The stochastic counterpart is obtained in two steps. First, the true weights, which are unknown, are replaced by their current estimates in the expression for the optimal average gains. Secondly, the current gains are calculated based on the difference between the estimated optimal cumulative gain and the actual given cumulative gain. Additionally, a simplified gain allocation method is proposed that avoids the sorting needed in the water-filling procedure. The resulting algorithm behaves initially like the proportionate normalized least mean square algorithm and as time proceeds the algorithm behaves like the normalized least mean square algorithm. This type of behavior is typically desired and results in enhanced convergence performance. We present results for the new algorithms and compare them to other standard proportionate-type normalized least mean square algorithms. C1 [Wagner, Kevin T.] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Doroslovacki, Milos I.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Wagner, KT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-9721-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2010 BP 1951 EP 1955 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAW92 UT WOS:000305886000362 ER PT J AU Moon, JS Curtis, D Hu, M Wong, D McGuire, C Campbell, PM Jernigan, G Tedesco, J VanMil, B Myers-Ward, R Eddy, C Gaskill, DK Robinson, J Fanton, M Asbeck, P AF Moon, J. S. Curtis, D. Hu, M. Wong, D. McGuire, C. Campbell, P. M. Jernigan, G. Tedesco, J. VanMil, B. Myers-Ward, R. Eddy, C., Jr. Gaskill, D. K. Robinson, J. Fanton, M. Asbeck, P. GP IEEE TI Development of Wafer-Scale Graphene RF Electronics SO 2010 EUROPEAN MICROWAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS CONFERENCE (EUMIC) SE European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conference - Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on European Microwave Week Connecting the World CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2010 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, EuMA, EurAAP, IET AB In this talk, we present state-of-the-art performance of top-gated graphene n-FETs and p-FETs fabricated with epitaxial graphene layers grown on SiC and Si substrates. C1 [Moon, J. S.; Curtis, D.; Hu, M.; Wong, D.; McGuire, C.] HRL Labs LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Rd, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. [Campbell, P. M.; Jernigan, G.; Tedesco, J.; VanMil, B.; Myers-Ward, R.; Eddy, C., Jr.; Gaskill, D. K.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Robinson, J.; Fanton, M.] EOC, Pittsburgh, PA 16229 USA. [Asbeck, P.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Moon, JS (reprint author), HRL Labs LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Rd, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. EM jmoon@hrl.com; paul.campbell@nrl.navy.mil; jrobinson@eoc.psu.edu; asbeck@ece.ucsd.edu RI Robinson, Joshua/I-1803-2012 FU DARPA Program; DARPA under contract SPAWAR [N66001-08-C-2048] FX This work was supported by the DARPA Program, monitored by Dr. John Albrecht at DARPA under contract SPAWAR #N66001-08-C-2048. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this article/presentation are those of the author/presenter and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or the Department of Defense. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-2-87487-017-0 J9 EUR MICROW INTEGRAT PY 2010 BP 254 EP 257 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTU72 UT WOS:000288124400066 ER PT S AU Ammula, V Wentworth, SM Rao, SM AF Ammula, Veneela Wentworth, Stuart M. Rao, Sadasiva M. GP IEEE TI Design and Implementation of a Dual Excited Planar Circular Array Antenna for Base Stations SO 2010 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation/CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 11-17, 2010 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, URSI C1 [Ammula, Veneela; Wentworth, Stuart M.] Auburn Univ, Dept ECE, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Rao, Sadasiva M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ammula, V (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept ECE, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM wentwsm@auburn.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-4968-2 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTL34 UT WOS:000287212400106 ER PT S AU Das, S Olsen, R Meagher, C Tame, B Kroening, A AF Das, Santanu Olsen, Randall Meagher, Chris Tame, Bradley Kroening, Adam GP IEEE TI New Approaches to Directional Antenna Technologies for Unmanned System Communications SO 2010 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation/CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 11-17, 2010 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, URSI AB We discuss novel methods and techniques for the design and development of low cost light weight directional antennas at microwave frequencies for unmanned system communications application. These are based on Rotman lens, Risley prism and the multi-horn switched beam antenna principles. C1 [Das, Santanu] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Olsen, Randall; Meagher, Chris] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Tame, Bradley] Ball Aerospa & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Kroening, Adam] EMS Technol, Norcross, GA USA. RP Das, S (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-4968-2 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTL34 UT WOS:000287212400046 ER PT S AU Walker, SD Chatterjee, D Kluskens, MS AF Walker, Shaun D. Chatterjee, Deb Kluskens, Michael S. GP IEEE TI A New Approach for Improved Evaluation of Sommerfeld Integral Tails for PEC-terminated Single Layered Media SO 2010 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation/CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 11-17, 2010 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, URSI C1 [Walker, Shaun D.; Chatterjee, Deb] UMKC, CSEE Dept, 570-F Flarsheim Hall,5110 Rockhill Rd, Kansas City, KS 66110 USA. [Kluskens, Michael S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Code 5314, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Walker, SD (reprint author), UMKC, CSEE Dept, 570-F Flarsheim Hall,5110 Rockhill Rd, Kansas City, KS 66110 USA. EM chatd@umkc.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-4968-2 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTL34 UT WOS:000287212404048 ER PT S AU Hurni, MA Sekhavat, P Karpenko, M Ross, IM AF Hurni, Michael A. Sekhavat, Pooya Karpenko, Mark Ross, I. Michael GP IEEE TI Autonomous Multi-Vehicle Formations Using A Pseuodospectral Optimal Control Framework SO 2010 IEEE/ASME INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED INTELLIGENT MECHATRONICS (AIM) SE IEEE ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM) CY JUL 06-09, 2010 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE, ASME AB Future civilian and military missions call for the autonomous coordination and control of unmanned vehicles. This paper presents the implementation of a pseudospectral (PS) optimal control-based algorithm for autonomous trajectory planning and control of multiple UGVs with real-time information updates. The mission of the UGVs is to maintain formation with respect to a lead vehicle traversing from a start point to a target point. Each vehicle must avoid static and dynamic obstacles including other vehicles. Real-time PS-controls accommodate unforseen events and changes in the environment that may take place over the course of the mission. Simulation results illustrate the performance of the algorithm for various multi-vehicle scenarios. C1 [Hurni, Michael A.] USN Acad, Dept Weap & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Sekhavat, Pooya] Texas Engn Expt Stn, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Karpenko, Mark; Ross, I. Michael] US Navy, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hurni, MA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Weap & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM hurni@usna.edu; psekhava@nps.edu; mkarpenk@nps.edu; imross@nps.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2159-6255 BN 978-1-4244-8030-2 J9 IEEE ASME INT C ADV PY 2010 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BDE01 UT WOS:000312904200164 ER PT S AU Wagner, C Burger, M Edwards, G AF Wagner, Crystal Burger, Mike Edwards, Gail GP IEEE TI Utilizing Fleet-Driven Metrics to Identify and Forecast System Degrader SO 2010 IEEE AUTOTESTCON SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2010 Systems Readiness Technology Conference CY SEP 13-16, 2010 CL Orlando, FL DE integrated support environment; computing architecture; interactive database; fleet data; fleet metrics; performance; maintenance; supply; fleet wide readiness AB Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) is responsible for cradle-to-grave development and support of Aircraft Launch and Recovery Equipment (ALRE). As this equipment and its associated development, maintenance, and support become increasingly complex, and the budgetary pressures facing the Navy become increasingly strong, there arises a need for an Integrated Support Environment (ISE) for ALRE. For the Fleet, the ISE streamlines the process of requests for information, help, repairs, and needed capabilities. For the NAVAIR stakeholders supporting the Fleet, the ISE provides efficient tailored access both to the knowledge required for supporting the Fleet and for strategically planning for the future. One of the current products of the ISE initiative includes Fleet-driven metrics of ALRE systems. All ALRE Fleet metrics data, comprising readiness, equipment performance, maintenance, and supply system degraders, are housed in the NAVAIR Lakehurst ISE laboratory, where all team members can access, analyze, validate, and utilize ALRE metrics data. This metrics data is used to identify issues driving maintenance and support costs, forecast requirements, and influence performance. By proactively identifying maintenance and modernization requirements, it is possible to coordinate and assure current and future Fleet ALRE materiel readiness, as well as develop and justify current and future budgets. In the past, many product improvement programs were based on subjective analysis. Aircraft carrier databases contained multiple errors and incomplete information, hampering analysis of metrics data. Further complicating the issue, metrics data was stored across multiple data warehouses, making it more difficult to gather information and make important connections between distinct data sets. ISE integrates information from all of these disparate Navy-wide data sources to identify and explore opportunities to increase system readiness by effectively implementing maintenance and design improvements. Localizing the data to one central repository facilitates linking the information together in order to fully capture the current status and future needs of the Fleet. ISE allows users to continuously monitor performance in near real-time, report detailed information for day-to-day decision-making, and analyze data to uncover trends in performance. C1 [Wagner, Crystal; Burger, Mike; Edwards, Gail] USN, Air Syst Command, Lakehust, NJ 08733 USA. RP Wagner, C (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Lakehust, NJ 08733 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-7959-7 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2010 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1109/FUZZY.2010.5584244 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTI75 UT WOS:000287044100001 ER PT S AU Sparr, C Dusch, K AF Sparr, Christopher Dusch, Kevin GP IEEE TI Prioritizing parallel analog re-host Candidates through ATLAS Source Code Analysis SO 2010 IEEE AUTOTESTCON SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2010 Systems Readiness Technology Conference CY SEP 13-16, 2010 CL Orlando, FL DE automatic test system source data repository; parallel test capability AB The US Navy's Consolidated Automated Support System (CASS) family of testers is outfitted with three Ai-710 analog test instruments and provides 96 channels of analog test capability, enabling transition from a traditional serial to a parallel test approach. Most CASS test program sets do not take advantage of parallel test capability, which results in long run-times. In this paper, the authors will outline a set of design rules for mining data in the NAVAIR automatic test system source data repository to identify economical targets of opportunity, the development of an initial set of tools to apply the parallel test capability, and show a return on investment for reducing the cost of testing avionics systems. C1 [Sparr, Christopher] Naval Air Syst Command, Mcas Cherry Point, NC 28532 USA. [Dusch, Kevin] Naval Air Syst Command, NAS Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Sparr, C (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Mcas Cherry Point, NC 28532 USA. EM christopher.sparr@navy.mil; kevin.dusch@navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-7959-7 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2010 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTI75 UT WOS:000287044100003 ER PT S AU Cooper, JN Augustine, RA AF Cooper, John N. Augustine, Robert A. GP IEEE TI CASS Phase II TPS Offload Testing, Production and Delivery to the Fleet SO 2010 IEEE AUTOTESTCON SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2010 Systems Readiness Technology Conference CY SEP 13-16, 2010 CL Orlando, FL DE CASS; TPS; Offload; Autamated Test; ATE; Lessons learned; NAVAIR AB This paper examines the testing and production processes used on the CASS Phase II TPS Offload Program. The CASS Phase II TPS Offload program is a US Navy acquisition to replace legacy ATE Systems using CASS (Consolidated Automated Support System) Test Stations. This provides the Navy intermediate maintenance activities an effective tool for restoring "Ready For Issue" (RFI) status for over 450 aircraft avionic assemblies. With the completion of these OTPSs the Navy will replace a multitude of obsolete aircraft support testers with one type of station. The Offload team developed over 400 test programs running on 75 unique hardware test sets and produced a total of 1143 Operational Test Program Sets along with accompanying spares for the US Navy. From integration to deployment to the Fleet, a variety of test processes are encountered and with the numerous test programs being developed, the team found itself in some form of "final" test for most of the program life cycle. The TPS Offload team brought together the developers, buyers and the end users to streamline these processes without reducing the quality of the product. We will examine the evolution of the acceptance test approach for the CASS Phase II TPS Offload Program, the costs and benefits of the various testing phases and the lessons learned as we combined many aspects of testing along the way. The paper will further discuss the transition from development to production. The first production units were delivered in August 2005 and by the end of 2010 we will have delivered 1143 test sets to sites around the world. To prepare for this complex production effort, a multi-disciplined team was established to conduct Pre-production kaizens at the Orlando and La Mesa facilities. The team included our US Navy and DCMA customers. A single piece flow operation was developed which allowed for early production delivery of multiple configurations to the US Navy. Subassemblies, such as cables and test fixtures would be built at a low cost manufacturing facility in La Mesa, Mexico, while final assembly and acceptance test would take place at the Lockheed Martin Simulation, Training & Support facility in Orlando. The operating plan, layout and support model for the production operation evolved and lessons learned were incorporated in each successive block of production. C1 [Cooper, John N.] Lockheed Martin Global Training & Logist, Orlando, FL 32801 USA. [Augustine, Robert A.] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MA USA. RP Cooper, JN (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Global Training & Logist, Orlando, FL 32801 USA. EM john.n.cooper@lmco.com; robert.a.augustine@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-7959-7 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2010 BP 201 EP 205 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTI75 UT WOS:000287044100039 ER PT S AU Shannon, R Knecht, J AF Shannon, Russell Knecht, John GP IEEE TI Optimizing Diagnostic Verification Processes SO 2010 IEEE AUTOTESTCON SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2010 Systems Readiness Technology Conference CY SEP 13-16, 2010 CL Orlando, FL DE Avionics diagnostics; built-in test; M-demo; verification AB Demonstrations of avionics system and subsystem diagnostic capability are performed before a system or subsystem is verified. This ordinarily happens during the system design and demonstration phase of a program. In the case of aircraft or ground vehicles, there are several subsystem demonstrations, followed by a single system-level event. By the time a system or subsystem is ready for a functional demonstration of its diagnostic capability, there is already significant programmatic inertia towards achieving the next programmatic or contractual milestone. There is typically not enough available manpower, time-on-system, or even funding to test every possible fault in a given system or subsystem. Indeed, testing only the "relevant" faults, which the system's diagnostics have been built to address, can be a hugely time-consuming effort. Due to these constraints, diagnostic demonstrations are sometimes not conducted in a scientifically robust manner. Sometimes, certain testing techniques are used in an effort to expedite testing. These techniques include: emulating hardware faults and their detection circuitry in software, selecting only those faults which are easy to test or guaranteed to work, and choosing faults which do not significantly stress the diagnostics system. This paper describes a survey of diagnostic program managers in an attempt to characterize, and suggest remedies for, the time and budget-constrained fashion in which avionics diagnostics systems are functionally demonstrated today. C1 [Shannon, Russell; Knecht, John] USN, Air Syst Command, Lakehurst, NJ USA. RP Shannon, R (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Lakehurst, NJ USA. EM russell.shannon@navy.mil; john.knecht@navy.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-7959-7 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2010 BP 222 EP 226 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTI75 UT WOS:000287044100044 ER PT S AU Young, T Fehskens, M Pujara, P Burger, M Edwards, G AF Young, Thomas Fehskens, Matthew Pujara, Paavan Burger, Michael Edwards, Gail GP IEEE TI Utilizing Data Mining to Influence Maintenance Actions SO 2010 IEEE AUTOTESTCON SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2010 Systems Readiness Technology Conference CY SEP 13-16, 2010 CL Orlando, FL DE data mining; text mining; statistical analysis; operational availability; maintenance AB For Aircraft Launch and Recovery Equipment (ALRE), the goal is to get planes in the air and ensure they land safely. Consequently, a high operational availability (Ao) is crucial to ALRE operations. In order to ensure high Ao, it is crucial that the amount of maintenance, both corrective and preventative, is kept to a minimum. Historically, improvements have been reactive in nature to satisfy the Fleet's needs of the moment and are never implemented across the Fleet. One approach to improving maintenance practices is to use historical data in combination with data mining to determine where and how maintenance procedures can be changed or enhanced. For example, if a maintenance manual says to remove three electronics boxes based on a built-in test (BIT) code, but historically, the data shows that removing and replacing two of the boxes never fix the problem, then the maintainer can be directed to first remove and replace the box which the data suggests is the most-likely cause of failure. This type of improvement is where data mining can be used to enhance or modify maintenance procedures. The Integrated Support Environment (ISE) team and the Integrated Diagnostics and Automated Test Systems (IDATS) team of NAVAIR Lakehurst are jointly investigating the use of data mining as an important tool to enhance ALRE systems and to potentially decrease preventive maintenance on-board Navy vessels, thereby reducing the total cost of ownership. The authors' approach is to use maintenance actions, system performance data, and supply information to draw a clear picture of the failures, diagnoses and repair actions for specific components of ALRE systems. The authors are using a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) data mining suite, called SPSS Clementine, alongside custom software tools to detect the meaningful, yet hidden, patterns within the mountain of data associated with ALRE systems. SPSS Clementine is one of the data mining industry's premier tools, allowing rapid development of models for data mining. Additionally, ALRE subject matter experts (SMEs) were consulted to ensure the validity of the teams' findings. The combination of modern data mining practices and expert knowledge of ALRE systems will be leveraged to improve the maintenance performed at the O-level and to possibly understand why the failure happened in the first place. This paper will describe the forthcoming investigation exemplifying how the data warehouse holding various sources of data about ALRE systems will be utilized to improve the education of maintainers and to enhance maintenance practices, to understand the cause of component failures, as well as provide solutions to diagnose these failures. Utilizing the knowledge and expertise of database systems and data mining which the ISE team provides, combined with SME knowledge, non-trivial solutions to ALRE maintenance practices shall be uncovered to improve the maintenance environment on-ship C1 [Young, Thomas; Fehskens, Matthew; Pujara, Paavan; Burger, Michael; Edwards, Gail] USN, Air Syst Command, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. RP Young, T (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-7959-7 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2010 BP 267 EP 271 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTI75 UT WOS:000287044100054 ER PT J AU Luke, BL Pace, PE AF Luke, Brian L. Pace, Phillip E. GP IEEE TI Computation of the Robust Symmetrical Number System Dynamic Range SO 2010 IEEE INFORMATION THEORY WORKSHOP (ITW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW) CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2010 CL Dublin, IRELAND SP IEEE AB The robust symmetrical number system (RSNS) is a number theoretic transform formed using N >= 2 integer sequences and ensures that two successive RSNS vectors (paired terms from all N sequences) differ by only one integer - integer Gray code property. The dynamic range (M) over cap of the RSNS is defined as the greatest length of combined sequences that contain no ambiguities or repeated paired terms. For all but a select few RSNS sequences there is no closed-form solution to compute the dynamic range and its position. This paper presents an efficient algorithm for computing the dynamic range and its position. The dynamic range is shown to satisfy (M) over cap < P-f where P-f is the RSNS fundamental period P-f = 2N Pi m(i). It then follows that <(M)over cap> < M where M = Pi m(i) is the dynamic range of the residue number system. An example is presented to demonstrate the algorithm. The efficiency of the algorithm is examined by comparing the speed of computation to a naive search algorithm (using MATLAB on a PC). C1 [Luke, Brian L.] Navy Cyber Def Operat Command, Virginia Beach, VA 23450 USA. [Pace, Phillip E.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Luke, BL (reprint author), Navy Cyber Def Operat Command, Virginia Beach, VA 23450 USA. EM brian.luke@navy.mil; pepace@nps.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-8264-1 PY 2010 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BAW94 UT WOS:000305892500004 ER PT S AU Wang, XL Ge, HY Kirsteins, IP AF Wang, Xiaoli Ge, Hongya Kirsteins, Ivars P. GP IEEE TI DIRECTION-OF-ARRIVAL ESTIMATION USING DISTRIBUTED ARRAYS: A CANONICAL COORDINATES PERSPECTIVE WITH LIMITED ARRAY SIZE AND SAMPLE SUPPORT SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAR 10-19, 2010 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE canonical correlation analysis (CCA); direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation AB This work provides a canonical coordinates perspective for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation using two distributed sensor arrays. A new method for estimating the DOA of multiple far-field narrow-band sources is proposed. Distinct from existing asymptotic results for canonical correlation analysis (CCA) in such an application, our special interest lies in the realistic limited array size and sample support evaluation. And our proposed objective function does not need asymptotic assumption on array size. Reformulating the task of DOA estimation as a maximization problem under the canonical coordinates framework, we reveal the fact that the bearing information of the sources is embedded in the filtering matrices for generating the canonical coefficients. By properly making use of these filtering matrices we are able to reconstruct the steering vectors of the arrays, thus obtain the DOA estimation of the sources using distributed arrays. C1 [Wang, Xiaoli; Ge, Hongya] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept ECE, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Kirsteins, Ivars P.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Wang, XL (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept ECE, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) and the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC). NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4244-4296-6 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2010 BP 2622 EP 2625 DI 10.1109/ICASSP.2010.5496272 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BTJ55 UT WOS:000287096002143 ER PT S AU Wagner, KT Doroslovacki, MI AF Wagner, Kevin T. Doroslovacki, Milos I. GP IEEE TI PROPORTIONATE-TYPE NLMS ALGORITHMS BASED ON MAXIMIZATION OF THE JOINT CONDITIONAL PDF FOR THE WEIGHT DEVIATION VECTOR SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAR 10-19, 2010 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Adaptive filtering; convergence; proportionate-type normalized least mean square (PtNLMS) algorithm; sparse impulse response AB In this paper, we present a proportionate-type normalized least mean square algorithm which operates by choosing adaptive gains at each time step in a manner designed to maximize the joint conditional probability that the next-step coefficient estimates reach their optimal values. We compare and show that the performance of the joint maximum conditional probability density function (PDF) one-step algorithm is superior to the proportionate normalized least mean square algorithm when operating on a sparse impulse response. We also show that the new algorithm is superior to a previously introduced algorithm which assumed that the conditional PDF could be represented by the product of the marginal conditional PDFs, i.e., that the weight deviations are mutually conditionally independent. C1 [Wagner, Kevin T.] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Doroslovacki, Milos I.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Wagner, KT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4244-4296-6 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2010 BP 3738 EP 3741 DI 10.1109/ICASSP.2010.5495871 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BTJ55 UT WOS:000287096003169 ER PT S AU Ge, HY Kirsteins, IP AF Ge, Hongya Kirsteins, Ivars P. GP IEEE TI PASSIVE RANGING CAPABILITY OF A MULTI-MODULE ARRAY IN UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC ENVIRONMENTS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAR 10-19, 2010 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Passive Source Localization; Parameter Estimation Performance; the Cramer-Rao Lower Bounds AB This work presents our research results on the capability of passive source localization using a towed multi-module array in underwater acoustic environments. We developed new Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) results for assessing the array's source localization capability under environmental uncertainties, such as array modules' positions and acoustic-field's spatial coherence. We also developed a two-stage approach and provide details for passive ranging by utilizing data either non-coherently or coherently, depending on the availability of spatial coherence in the received data from multiple modules of towed array. C1 [Ge, Hongya] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept ECE, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Kirsteins, Ivars P.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Ge, HY (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept ECE, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. FU ONR; NUWC FX THIS WORK HAS BEEN PARTIALLY SUPPORTED BY THE ONR AND NUWC. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4244-4296-6 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2010 BP 5642 EP 5645 DI 10.1109/ICASSP.2010.5495261 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BTJ55 UT WOS:000287096005139 ER PT S AU Chen, X Rowe, NC AF Chen, Xiao Rowe, Neil C. GP IEEE TI Improving Localization Accuracy using Spatio-Temporal Information of ObjectsOptimal Allocation of Monitoring SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications CY MAY 23-27, 2010 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP IEEE ID TRACKING AB Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) are an increasingly serious military threat as is witnessed in Iraq and Afghanistan. To combat the IED emplacement, it is important to have persistent surveillance over time. Due to the low cost and capabilities of sensors, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have tremendous potential for military and civilian surveillance. In this paper, we explore methods to improve an important aspect of surveillance: localization accuracy. Though there are many localization algorithms in the literature, all of them try to improve the accuracy from the side of sensor networks. In this paper, we tackle this problem from a new angle, that is, we look at the spatio-temporal relationships of objects we track, which, as far as we know, unprecedented in this attempt. We first develop algorithms that use spatial and temporal relationships of objects separately and then design ones that combine them. Experimental results show that all our proposed algorithms can improve localization accuracy, especially those combined ones. Moreover, since our methods use features related to objects themselves and not the underlying localization mechanism, they can be built on any localization algorithm to improve accuracy. C1 [Chen, Xiao] Texas State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Rowe, Neil C.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chen, X (reprint author), Texas State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM xc10@txstate.edu; ncrowe@nps.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4244-6404-3 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BUU13 UT WOS:000290335601150 ER PT S AU Raj, RG Bovik, AC AF Raj, Raghu G. Bovik, Alan C. GP IEEE TI A FAST MULTILINEAR ICA ALGORITHM SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing CY SEP 26-29, 2010 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE ICA; non-stationarity; fixation selection ID INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS AB We extend our previous work on Multilinear Independent Component Analysis (MICA) by introducing a Fast-MICA algorithm that demonstrates the same improvement over classical ICA as the original MICA algorithm [1] while improving the computational speed by two polynomial orders of magnitude. Apart for enabling a faster determination of the multilinear structure of image patch probability density, this new approach opens up, for the first time, the possibility of computing a novel non-stationarity index based on the relative change in mutual information. We demonstrate the performance of our Fast-MICA algorithm together with an illustration of our novel non-stationarity index. C1 [Raj, Raghu G.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bovik, Alan C.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Raj, RG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bovik, Alan/B-6717-2012 OI Bovik, Alan/0000-0001-6067-710X NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4244-7994-8 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2010 BP 1889 EP 1892 DI 10.1109/ICIP.2010.5652403 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BTP82 UT WOS:000287728001243 ER PT S AU Bachmann, CM Nichols, CR Montes, MJ Fusina, RA Li, RR Gross, C Fry, J Parrish, C Sellars, J White, SA Jones, CA Lee, K AF Bachmann, Charles M. Nichols, C. Reid Montes, Marcos J. Fusina, Robert A. Li, Rong-Rong Gross, Carl Fry, John Parrish, Chris Sellars, Jon White, Stephen A. Jones, Christopher A. Lee, Krista GP IEEE TI COASTAL CHARACTERIZATION FROM HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY: AN INTERCOMPARISON OF RETRIEVAL PROPERTIES FROM THREE COAST TYPES SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE remote sensing; hyperspectral imagery; coast type; environmental factors; spectroscopy AB Over the past three years, the Naval Research Laboratory has conducted three remote sensing campaigns in regions which included barrier island, coral, and mangrove coastal characteristics. These investigations were conducted at the Virginia Coast Reserve during September 2007, in and around Kaneohe and Waimanalo Bays during January and February 2009, and along the Queensland coast in Australia during May 2009. During each of the studies, hyperspectral imagery (HSI) was acquired over the site in conjunction with both land and water spectral and geotechnical measurements. For coastal classification, such as retrievals of bottom reflectance, bathymetry, beach composition, and vegetation type, subtle variations in spectral properties of physical and biological features are often significant. Beach composition in these coast types differed dramatically due to the origin of the sands. These findings suggest the need to develop models specific to a particular coast type. C1 [Bachmann, Charles M.; Montes, Marcos J.; Fusina, Robert A.; Li, Rong-Rong; Gross, Carl] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Coastal Sci & Interpretat Sect, Code 7232,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nichols, C. Reid; Fry, John] Marine Informat Resource Corp, Ellicott 21042, MARYLAND. [Parrish, Chris; Sellars, Jon; White, Stephen A.] NOAA NOS, Remote Sensing Div, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Jones, Christopher A.; Lee, Krista] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Remote Sensing, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Coastal Sci & Interpretat Sect, Code 7232,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bachmann@nrl.navy.mil RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 138 EP 141 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650660 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800036 ER PT S AU Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL AF Lee, Jong-Sen Ainsworth, Thomas L. GP IEEE TI AN OVERVIEW OF RECENT ADVANCES IN POLARIMETRIC SAR INFORMATION EXTRACTION: ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Polarimetric SAR; radar polarimetry; SAR calibration; terrain classification; speckle reduction; ionosphere AB Recent advances in Polarimetric SAR information extractions are reviewed. Papers published in IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing and IGARSS proceedings over the last five years were included. We found that PolSAR technology has reached a certain degree of maturity. The availability of high-resolution multi-frequency PolSAR data from space borne and airborne SAR systems will stimulate significant PolSAR applications. C1 [Lee, Jong-Sen; Ainsworth, Thomas L.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jong_sen_lee@yahoo.com; Ainsworth@nrl.navy.navy.mil NR 65 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 851 EP 854 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650936 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800221 ER PT J AU Toporkov, JV Hwang, PA Sletten, MA Frasier, SJ Farquharson, G Perkovic, D AF Toporkov, Jakov V. Hwang, Paul A. Sletten, Mark A. Frasier, Stephen J. Farquharson, Gordon Perkovic, Dragana GP IEEE TI OBSERVATION OF A BOAT AND ITS WAKE WITH A DUAL-BEAM ALONG-TRACK INTERFEROMETRIC SAR SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Synthetic aperture radar; along-track interferometry; sea surface; radar velocity measurement; ship wake; marine vehicle detection and tracking ID SHIP WAKES; IMAGES AB The Dual-Beam Interferometer is an airborne instrument that combines two along-track interferometric synthetic aperture radars observing the surface below at different squints. This configuration allows retrieving vector velocities of surface flows in a single aircraft pass. The system was designed by the University of Massachusetts and saw several deployments in the early 2000s. An imagery of a boat with a rather pronounced wake system captured during one of these flights is the subject of this paper. The velocity of the vessel is estimated based on the "train off the tracks" displacement in one of the looks. This estimate, which will be affected by uncertainty in target position due to smearing, is then used to remove unknown phase biases in the interferometric channels. Retrieved velocity variations are examined along cuts traversing the wake, with the focus on its narrow "turbulent" part. We find that the reconstructed velocities 150 m behind the boat are intuitively satisfying, but we are unable to fully account for the cross-wake component of velocity at 400 m behind the vessel. C1 [Toporkov, Jakov V.; Hwang, Paul A.; Sletten, Mark A.] USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Toporkov, JV (reprint author), USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Frasier, Stephen/H-1536-2015; OI Frasier, Stephen/0000-0003-4287-2889; Farquharson, Gordon/0000-0002-3052-1646 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1940 EP 1943 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649709 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802022 ER PT S AU Hwang, PA Zhang, B Perrie, W AF Hwang, Paul A. Zhang, Biao Perrie, William GP IEEE TI BREAKING WAVE MEASUREMENTS WITH SAR DEPOLARIZED RETURNS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Depolarized radar cross section; Breaking wave; Hurricane wind ID KU-BAND; C-BAND; OCEAN; BACKSCATTER; SURFACE; SEA; DISSIPATION AB The wind generates a distribution of small slope waves and sporadic steep breaking events. Such double structure of the sea surface is expected to have a strong impact on the radar scattering from the ocean surface. The signature of the double structure is in the wind speed dependence of radar returns: linear for scattering from gentle waves and cubic for breaking contribution. The composite-surface Bragg resonance (CB) theory describes the former very well. Detection of the breaking contribution remains difficult. Here we show that the depolarized (de-pol) radar return exhibits the typical double structure, its wind speed dependence increases with wind speed from linear to cubic. The increased sensitivity of the de-pol returns in high winds is ideal for hurricane wind retrieval. The strong breaking connection offers an opportunity to measure wave breaking and the associated energy dissipation and area of foam coverage from space, their quantification is important in air-sea interaction and electromagnetic and electro-optical remote sensing. C1 [Hwang, Paul A.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.hwang@nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1952 EP 1955 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650598 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802025 ER PT J AU Wang, YT Ainsworth, TL Lee, JS AF Wang, Yanting Ainsworth, Thomas L. Lee, Jong-Sen GP IEEE TI EVALUATION OF SYSTEM POLARIZATION QUALITY FOR POLARIMETRIC SAR IMAGERY AND TARGET DECOMPOSITION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE radar polarimetry; synthetic aperture radar; calibration; target decomposition ID CALIBRATION AB The quality of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) imagery and its polarimetric decompositions depends on the accuracy of polarimetric observations of the SAR system and its calibration. Polarization distortions on the polarimetric measurement can be incurred due to non-ideal system polarization quality and propagation factors, such as channel imbalance, cross-talk, and Faraday rotation at lower frequencies. All these distortions have varying impacts on different target types as well as different decomposition methods. In this paper, we assess the polarization quality of the PolSAR system in the context of polarimetric imagery analysis and quantify the various effects of polarization distortions on polarization target decompositions. A generic metric is defined to measure the polarization purity of the system. Considering the fact that target decomposition plays an important role in imagery analysis, we apply several widely used decomposition methods to showcase the polarimetric system requirement based on the defined metric. C1 [Wang, Yanting; Ainsworth, Thomas L.; Lee, Jong-Sen] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2043 EP 2046 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652141 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802048 ER PT J AU Li, RR Lucke, R Corson, M Korwan, D Gao, BC AF Li, Rong-Rong Lucke, Robert Corson, Mike Korwan, Daniel Gao, Bo-Cai GP IEEE TI CORRECTION OF SECOND ORDER LIGHT FOR THE HICO (TM) SENSOR ONBOARD THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE SATATION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Imaging Spectrometer; HICO (TM); Hyperspectral imager; Coastal water; Remote Sensing; Second order light correction AB The Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO (TM)) [1] is a new spaceborne sensor designed specifically for monitoring the turbid coastal waters and large inland lakes and rivers from the International Space Station (ISS). HICO (TM) is now collecting hyperspectral imaging data in the wavelength range of 0.4 - 1.0 micron with a spatial resolution of approximately 90 meters and a spectral resolution of 5.7 nanometers. During the construction of the HICOTM instrument, it was not possible to place a blocking filter in front of the CCD (Charge- coupled device) array located in the focal plane. As a result, the second order light from the shorter visible spectral region falls onto the detectors covering the nearIR spectral region above 0.8 micron. In order to have accurate radiometric calibrations of the near-IR channels, the second order light effects need to be removed. Through analysis of HICO (TM) imaging data containing features of shallow underwater objects, such as coral reef, we have developed a new empirical technique to correct for the second order light effects. HICO (TM) data acquired over Midway Island, Key Largo, Bahamas Bay and Philippine Sea are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new technique. C1 [Li, Rong-Rong; Lucke, Robert; Corson, Mike; Korwan, Daniel; Gao, Bo-Cai] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Li, RR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2303 EP 2306 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649184 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802114 ER PT S AU Lim, S Chandrasekar, V Wang, Y AF Lim, S. Chandrasekar, V. Wang, Y. GP IEEE TI A NETWORK BASED ATTENUATION CORRECTION SYSTEM FOR NETWORKED DUAL POLARIZATION RADAR OBSERVATIONS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Attenuation correction; networked radar; X band; dual polarization; CASA ID X-BAND; REFLECTIVITY AB Electromagnetic waves backscattered from a common volume in networked radar systems are attenuated differently along the different paths. A network based attenuation correction system for a network of dual polarization radars can be developed by combing the conventional network approach and the conventional differential propagation phase based attenuation correction technique. The network based attenuation correction system proposed here has been evaluated by data from the Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) Integrated Project 1 (IP1) radars, which is a radar network that can observe a weather event simultaneously by multiple radars in different locations. The preliminary results show that the network based attenuation correction algorithm retrieves reflectivity and differential reflectivity properly. C1 [Lim, S.; Chandrasekar, V.] Colorado State Univ, 1373 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wang, Y.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lim, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, 1373 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU National Science Foundation [ERC-031747] FX This research is supported by the National Science Foundation (ERC-031747). NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2333 EP 2336 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651032 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802122 ER PT S AU Burrage, D Wesson, J Hwang, P Wang, D AF Burrage, Derek Wesson, Joel Hwang, Paul Wang, David GP IEEE TI PERFORMANCE OF ROUGHNESS CORRECTION MODELS FOR RETRIEVAL OF SEA SURFACE SALINITY FROM AIR- AND SATELLITE-BORNE L-BAND RADIOMETERS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE L-band Radiometer; Sea Surface Salinity; Emissivity; Surface Roughness; Wave Spectra ID SLOPE; WAVES; SPECTRUM; MISSION; STARRS AB The recent and imminent launch of the SMOS and Aquarius satellites carrying microwave L-band radiometers provides an opportunity to map Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) globally with an expected error < 0.2 psu. However, the accuracy of retrieved SSS depends critically on brightness temperature (Tb) corrections for sea surface roughness (SSR) effects. This paper assesses the performance of representative roughness correction models when compared with published data, and applied to recently-acquired airborne L-band radiometer data. One type of model currently being used to process SMOS data combines a wind-driven gravity wave spectrum that describes SSR, with an electromagnetic (EM) model that determines microwave emissivity, to predict the Tb roughness increment relative to the flat sea response. We find that selection of both the spectral and emissivity models strongly influences the resulting (similar to 1 K) Tb errors. We conclude that more accurate modeling of short wavelength spectral components and their EM influence is needed, to reduce these errors to acceptable levels. C1 [Burrage, Derek; Wesson, Joel; Wang, David] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7300, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Hwang, Paul] Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 7200 USA. RP Burrage, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7300, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. EM burrage@nrlssc.navy.mil; wesson@nrlssc.navy.mil; phwang@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; dwang@nrlssc.navy.mil FU [0601153N]; [NRL/AB/7330-10-329] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research as part of the Sea Surface Roughness Impacts on Microwave Sea Surface Salinity Measurements research program under Program Element Number 0601153N. This is NRL contribution NRL/AB/7330-10-329. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3019 EP 3022 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5654454 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803042 ER PT S AU Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL Wang, YT Chen, KS Wang, CT AF Lee, Jong-Sen Ainsworth, Thomas L. Wang, Yanting Chen, Kun-Shan Wang, Chih-Tien GP IEEE TI MONITORING TREE FARMS AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS USING RADARSAT-2 POLSAR DATA SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Polarimetric SAR; RADARSAT-2; Terrain classification; polarimetric SAR interferometry AB This paper addresses the feasibility of using RADARSAT-2 fine Quad-Pol mode to monitor coastal environment and young tree growth. It will be shown that interferometric coherence may not be high enough for the height estimation of young trees at C-band, but polarimetric sensitivity could be used for tree and crop classification. For coastal environment, we found that polarimetric signature of oyster farm reveals the effect of double bounce scattering and the orientation angle effects. C1 [Lee, Jong-Sen; Ainsworth, Thomas L.; Wang, Yanting] Natl Cent Univ, Remote Sensing Div, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chen, Kun-Shan; Wang, Chih-Tien] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Chungli, Taiwan. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Remote Sensing Div, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jong_sen_lee@yahoo.com; Ainsowrth@nrl.navy.navy.mil; dkschen@csrsr.ncu.edu.tw NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3134 EP 3137 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5654334 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803071 ER PT S AU Vesecky, JF Laws, KE Paduan, JD AF Vesecky, John F. Laws, Kenneth E. Paduan, Jeffery D. GP IEEE TI A SYSTEM TRADE MODEL FOR THE MONITORING OF COASTAL VESSELS USING HF SURFACE WAVE RADAR AND SHIP AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS (AIS) SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Marine Domain Awareness; HF radar; Ship Monitoring; AIS AB Coastal nations have an interest in maritime domain awareness for applications in national security, coastal conservancy, fishery and stewardship of the exclusive economic zones (EEZs) along their coastlines. Using our previously developed HF radar and AIS ship detection models we find signal to noise ratio (SNR) as a function of range, including ducted propagation for the AIS radio signals. We use these SNR estimates to find probability of detection P-d and then explore multiple systems and stations at variable spacings along the coast. Our example HF radar has significant power and aperture, similar to the Pisces radar. The AIS model is for high power (12.5 W) AIS and a significantly elevated receiver (approximate to 250 ft asl). A combined system of HF radar and AIS shows good capability (P-d > 0.9) to ranges of approximate to 125 km for small ships and to 200 km for large ships. Considering a system of sites separated by 100 km we find that a P-d of > 0.9 can be maintained to a distance off shore of 130 km even for small, 120 ton, ships. C1 [Vesecky, John F.; Laws, Kenneth E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Paduan, Jeffery D.] Univ Circle Monterey, Dept Oceanog, Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Vesecky, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM vesecky@soe.ucsc.edu; paduan@nps.navy.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3414 EP 3417 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650279 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803142 ER PT S AU Corson, MR Lucke, RL Davis, CO Bowles, JH Chen, DT Gao, BC Korwan, DR Miller, WD Snyder, WA AF Corson, M. R. Lucke, R. L. Davis, C. O. Bowles, J. H. Chen, D. T. Gao, B. -C. Korwan, D. R. Miller, W. D. Snyder, W. A. GP IEEE TI THE HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGER FOR THE COASTAL OCEAN (HICO (TM)) ENVIRONMENTAL LITTORAL IMAGING FROM THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Remote Sensing; Hyperspectral; Space Station AB The Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO (TM)), launched to the International Space Station in September 2009, is the first spaceborne hyperspectral imager optimized for environmental characterization of the coastal ocean. Building on the heritage of airborne hyperspectral imagers, HICO (TM) combines high signal-to-noise ratio, contiguous 10 nm wide spectral channels over the range 400 to 900 nm, and a scene size of 42 x 190 km to capture the scale of coastal dynamics. HICO (TM) image data is being exploited to produce maps of coastal ocean properties including bathymetry, in-water suspended and dissolved matter, and bottom characteristics, offering a new remote sensing capability for coastal environments worldwide. In this paper we discuss the development and performance characteristics of the HICO (TM) imager, and present example HICO (TM) data products. C1 [Corson, M. R.; Lucke, R. L.; Bowles, J. H.; Chen, D. T.; Gao, B. -C.; Korwan, D. R.; Snyder, W. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Davis, C. O.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Miller, W. D.] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, IL USA. RP Corson, MR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3752 EP 3755 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651830 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803227 ER PT S AU Hunt, ER Li, L Yilmaz, MT Jackson, TJ AF Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr. Li, Li Yilmaz, M. Tugrul Jackson, Thomas J. GP IEEE TI COMPARISON OF VEGETATION WATER CONTENT ESTIMATES FROM WINDSAT AND MODIS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Soil moisture; Iowa; canopy water content ID INDEX; MOISTURE; IMAGERY AB Retrieval of soil moisture content from microwave sensors also returns an estimate of vegetation water content. Remotely sensed indices from optical sensors can be used to estimate canopy water content. For corn and soybean in central Iowa, there are allometric relationships between canopy water content and vegetation water content. The Normalized Difference Infrared Index from MODIS was used to estimate vegetation water content. We compared independent estimates of vegetation water content from WindSat and MODIS over central Iowa from 2003 to 2005. There was a strong linear relationship between the MODIS and WindSat estimates, but the WindSat estimates were about two times higher. These results suggest that soil moisture retrievals from microwave sensors may be more accurate with estimates of vegetation water content from optical sensors. C1 [Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr.; Jackson, Thomas J.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Li, Li] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Yilmaz, M. Tugrul] George Mason Univ, Geog Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Hunt, ER (reprint author), ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. EM Raymond.Hunt@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3879 EP 3881 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651587 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933804008 ER PT S AU Fusina, RA Fry, JC Nichols, CR Bachmann, CM Li, RR Sellars, J Parrish, C Montes, MJ Gross, C White, SA Lee, K Jones, CA AF Fusina, Robert A. Fry, John C. Nichols, C. Reid Bachmann, Charles M. Li, Rong-Rong Sellars, Jon Parrish, Chris Montes, Marcos J. Gross, Carl White, Stephen A. Lee, Krista Jones, Christopher A. GP IEEE TI GEODATABASE DEVELOPMENT TO SUPPORT HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY EXPLOITATION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE geodatabase; coast type; hyperspectral imagery; ground control; geospatial analysis AB Geodatabase development for coastal studies conducted by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is essential to support the exploitation of hyperspectral imagery (HSI). NRL has found that the remote sensing and mapping science community benefits from coastal classifications that group coastal types based on similar features. Selected features in project geodatabases relate to significant biological and physical forces that shape the coast. The project geodatabases help researchers understand factors that are necessary for imagery post processing, especially those features having a high degree of temporal and spatial variability. NRL project geodatabases include a hierarchy of environmental factors that extend from shallow water bottom types and beach composition to inland soil and vegetation characteristics. These geodatabases developed by NRL allow researchers to compare features among coast types. The project geodatabases may also be used to enhance littoral data archives that are sparse. This paper highlights geodatabase development for recent remote sensing experiments in barrier island, coral, and mangrove coast types. C1 [Fusina, Robert A.; Bachmann, Charles M.; Li, Rong-Rong; Montes, Marcos J.; Gross, Carl] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Coastal Sci & Interpretat Sect, Code 7232,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fry, John C.; Nichols, C. Reid] Marine Informat Res Corp, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Sellars, Jon; Parrish, Chris; White, Stephen A.] NOAA NOS, Natl Geodet Surv, Remote Sensing Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lee, Krista; Jones, Christopher A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Remote Sensing Ctr, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fusina, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Coastal Sci & Interpretat Sect, Code 7232,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bachmann@nrl.navy.mil RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 4224 EP 4227 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5654182 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933804096 ER PT S AU Bachmann, CM Ainsworth, TL Fusina, RA Topping, R Gates, T AF Bachmann, Charles M. Ainsworth, Thomas L. Fusina, Robert A. Topping, Rusty Gates, Tell GP IEEE TI Manifold Coordinate Representations of Hyperspectral Imagery: Improvements in Algorithm Performance and Computational Efficiency SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE ID CLASSIFIERS AB Several years ago, NRL first demonstrated a computationally efficient framework for optimizing a set of intrinsic manifold coordinates for high-dimensional data such as hyperspectral imagery (HIS). Since that time, NRL has continued to improve the fidelity of the representation to describe the details of the nonlinear structure in even greater detail. In addition, working closely with CelesTech, several improvements have been made that increase the computational efficiency, accelerating processing speeds from hours to minutes. C1 [Bachmann, Charles M.; Ainsworth, Thomas L.; Fusina, Robert A.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Coastal Sci & Interpretat Sect, Code 7232 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Topping, Rusty; Gates, Tell] Celestech Inc, Phoenix, AZ 85048 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Coastal Sci & Interpretat Sect, Code 7232 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bachmann@nrl.navy.mil; Rusty.Topping@celestech.com NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 4244 EP 4247 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5653550 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933804101 ER PT J AU Gao, BC Li, RR AF Gao, Bo-Cai Li, Rong-Rong GP IEEE TI SPECTRAL CALIBRATIONS OF HICO DATA USING ATMOSPHERIC BANDS AND RADIANCE ADJUSTMENT BASED ON HICO AND MODIS DATA COMPARISONS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Imaging Spectrometer; Coastal water; HICO (TM); Hyperspectral imager; Spectrum matching; Wavelength calibrations; Spectral resolution calibration; Radiometric calibration; Vicarious calibration AB The Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO (TM)) instrument is now operating from a location on the Japanese Experiment Module-Exposed Facility (JEM-EF) on the International Space Station (ISS). HICO (TM) is a pushbroom sensor covering a spectral range between 0.35 and 1.08 micron with a spatial resolution of about 90 meter and a spectral sampling interval of 5.7 nanometer. The instrument is not equipped with radiometric and spectral calibration devices. Before shipping the HICO (TM) instrument to Japan to be launched on a Japanese HII-B rocket, spatial, spectral, and radiometric calibrations of the instrument were made in a calibration lab at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, DC. Based on the analysis of HICO data acquired from ISS, we have observed that the wavelengths of the HICO channels are slightly changed in comparison with those from laboratory calibrations. We have used a spectrum matching technique [2] for adjusting wavelengths. Several atmospheric water vapor and oxygen absorption bands in the HICO data measured under the normal operation mode with a spectral sampling interval of approximately 5.7 nm are used for spectrum matching. Four extra-terrestrial solar lines in the HICO data with a spectral spacing of 1.7 nm are also used for spectrum matching. The spectrum matching technique is described in this paper. Also based on analysis of ISS HICO data, we have found that the radiances of ISS HICO data calibrated with the laboratory-based coefficients are smaller than expected by approximately 25%. We have adjusted the calibration coefficients based on comparing HICO data and MODIS data acquired over several desert areas. The vicarious calibration procedure for HICO radiometric calibrations is also described in this paper. C1 [Gao, Bo-Cai; Li, Rong-Rong] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gao@nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 4260 EP 4263 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649146 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933804105 ER PT S AU Hwang, PA Sletten, MA Toporkov, JV Trizna, DB AF Hwang, Paul A. Sletten, Mark A. Toporkov, Jakov V. Trizna, Dennis B. GP IEEE TI DOPPLER PROCESSING OF COHERENT RADAR BACKSCATTER FOR OCEAN SURFACE WAVE MEASUREMENTS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Surface wave height; Doppler velocity; Coherent radar ID IMAGES AB The technique for extracting wave period and wave direction from a navigation radar backscattering intensity is well developed but the determination of spectral density or wave height is hindered by the complex nature of the modulation transfer function. In contrast to backscattering intensity, Doppler velocity from coherent radar is the radial velocity of the scattering objects. Its oscillatory component is contributed by ocean waves. The spectral peak component of Doppler velocity is close to the peak wave period measured by a nearby buoy and the significant wave height can be accurately calculated. With radar range coverage on the order of ten dominant wavelengths, reliable assessment of peak wave period and significant wave height is achievable with radar data as short as one second. Wave direction can also be determined with a scanning system. C1 [Hwang, Paul A.; Sletten, Mark A.; Toporkov, Jakov V.] USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20350 USA. [Trizna, Dennis B.] Image Sci Res, Richmond, VA USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20350 USA. EM paul.hwang@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [NRL/PP/726010-0186] FX This work is sponsored by the Office of Naval Research; NRL contribution number NRL/PP/726010-0186. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 4733 EP 4736 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5653056 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933804228 ER PT S AU Liu, ST Hurst, A Hughes, HL McMarr, P Benedito, J Capasso, C AF Liu, S. T. Hurst, A. Hughes, H. L. McMarr, P. Benedito, J. Capasso, C. GP IEEE TI Total dose radiation response of a 45nm SOI Technology SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SOI CONFERENCE SE IEEE International SOI Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Silicon on Insulator (SOI) Conference CY OCT 11-14, 2010 CL San Diego, CA C1 [Liu, S. T.; Hurst, A.] TRUSTED Semicond Solut, Anoka, MN 55303 USA. [Hughes, H. L.; McMarr, P.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Benedito, J.] Radiat Assured Devices, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. [Capasso, C.] Freescale Semicond, Austin, TX 78735 USA. RP Liu, ST (reprint author), TRUSTED Semicond Solut, Anoka, MN 55303 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1078-621X BN 978-1-4244-9128-5 J9 IEEE INT SOI CONF PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BTM85 UT WOS:000287366100040 ER PT S AU Rezzak, N Zhang, EX Alles, ML Schrimpf, RD Hughes, H AF Rezzak, Nadia Zhang, En Xia Alles, Michael L. Schrimpf, Ronald D. Hughes, Harold GP IEEE TI Total-Ionizing-Dose Radiation Response of Partially-Depleted SOI devices SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SOI CONFERENCE SE IEEE International SOI Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Silicon on Insulator (SOI) Conference CY OCT 11-14, 2010 CL San Diego, CA AB The high body doping inherent in sub-100 nm partially-depleted SOI devices tends to mitigate the sensitivity to TID-induced leakage, providing that the doping reaches the STI sidewalls and back channel. Measured TID response on 45 nm NMOS SOI is consistent with trends observed in simulations. C1 [Rezzak, Nadia; Zhang, En Xia; Alles, Michael L.; Schrimpf, Ronald D.] Vanderbilt Univ, VU Stn B 351825, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Hughes, Harold] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rezzak, N (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, VU Stn B 351825, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM nadia.rezzak@vanderbilt.edu FU NRL FX We would like to acknowledge NRL for support. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1078-621X BN 978-1-4244-9128-5 J9 IEEE INT SOI CONF PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BTM85 UT WOS:000287366100042 ER PT S AU Jachowski, DR Guyette, AC AF Jachowski, Douglas R. Guyette, Andrew C. GP IEEE TI Filter Technology for Spectrum Management SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC 2010) SE IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY JUL 25-30, 2010 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP EMC Soc, IEEE AB Some recent developments in filter technology at the Naval Research Laboratory will be described and the application of these technologies to spectrum management will be discussed. C1 [Jachowski, Douglas R.; Guyette, Andrew C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jachowski, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM doug.jachowski@nrl.navy.mil; andrew.guyette@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-110X BN 978-1-4244-6307-7 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELEC PY 2010 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.2010.5711253 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWU78 UT WOS:000294962100018 ER PT S AU Mallette, LA White, J Rochat, P AF Mallette, Leo A. White, Joe Rochat, Pascal GP IEEE TI Space Qualified Frequency Sources (Clocks) for Current and Future GNSS Applications SO 2010 IEEE-ION POSITION LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM PLANS SE IEEE-ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Position Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS) CY MAY 04-06, 2010 CL Palm Springs, CA SP IEEE, ION DE GNSS; Atomic Clock; GLONASS; GPS; Galileo; QZSS; IRNSS; Compass AB Accurate and stable frequency reference sources are critical for commercial, navigation, military and scientific space applications. Several levels of frequency references are suitable for space applications. This paper discusses similarities and differences among single distributed oscillators for communications satellites, master oscillator groups for communications systems, and atomic clocks for military and navigation systems. This paper builds on reference [1] and broadly describes frequency sources on current and upcoming global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). The three current systems are the Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), the Global Positioning System (GPS), and the Galileo system. The upcoming navigation systems are: China's Compass satellite positioning system, Japan's quasi-zenith satellite system (QZSS), India's regional navigation satellite system (IRNSS), GPS-IIF, and GPS-III. C1 [Mallette, Leo A.] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [White, Joe] US Naval Res Lab, Space Appl Branch, Washington, DC USA. [Rochat, Pascal] Spectra Time Inc, Neuchatel, Switzerland. RP Mallette, LA (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. EM Mallette@ieee.org; Joe.white@nrl.navy.mil; rochat@spectratime.com NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-358X BN 978-1-4244-5037-4 J9 IEEE POSITION LOCAT PY 2010 BP 522 EP 527 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTO52 UT WOS:000287515800063 ER PT S AU Son, S de Nolfo, GA Dion, MP Hunter, SD Guardala, NA AF Son, Seunghee de Nolfo, Georgia A. Dion, M. P. Hunter, Stanley D. Guardala, Noel A. GP IEEE TI Neutron Imaging Camera SO 2010 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD (NSS/MIC) SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS)/Medical Imaging Conference (MIC)/17th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors CY OCT 30-NOV 06, 2010 CL Knoxville, TN SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE ID DIFFUSION AB We describe the Neutron Imaging Camera (NIC) being developed for the detection of special nuclear material by NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and NSWC/Carderock. The NIC is a self-contained, robust, omnidirectional, and 3 He-independent neutron detector based on the Three-Dimensional Track Imager (3-DTI) technology developed at GSFC for gamma-ray astrophysics applications. The 3-DTI, a large volume, gas, time-projection chamber, provides accurate, similar to 0.4 mm resolution, 3-D tracking of charged particles. The incident direction of fast neutrons, 0.1 MeV < E-n < 10 MeV, are reconstructed from the momenta and energies of the protons resulting from single and double (n, p) scatters in methane (CH4). We present angular and energy resolution performance of the NIC derived from the field test at Ft. Monroe, VA in September 2010. C1 [Son, Seunghee; de Nolfo, Georgia A.; Hunter, Stanley D.] NASA, CRESST UMBC, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dion, M. P.; Guardala, Noel A.] Carderock Divi, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Son, S (reprint author), NASA, CRESST UMBC, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM seunghee.son@nasa.gov RI de Nolfo, Georgia/E-1500-2012; OI Dion, Michael/0000-0002-3030-0050 FU Office of Naval Research M-WMD-D program FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research M-WMD-D program. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-9106-3 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2010 BP 298 EP 301 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BBB94 UT WOS:000306402900063 ER PT S AU Christophersen, M Phlips, BF AF Christophersen, Marc Phlips, Bernard F. GP IEEE TI Laser-Micromachining for 3D Silicon Detectors SO 2010 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD (NSS/MIC) SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS)/Medical Imaging Conference (MIC)/17th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors CY OCT 30-NOV 06, 2010 CL Knoxville, TN SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE AB We laser-micromachined hole arrays into silicon with aspect ratios up to 100:1. Direct laser-drilling and trepanning were used. Since laser-machining leaves a damaged silicon region that is not suitable for detector fabrication, we removed the damaged silicon with an isotropic xenon difluoride etch step. Hole arrays with trepan drilled holes had lower leakage currents. We successfully collected a Co-57 photon spectrum (energy resolution: 3.0 keV FWHM at 122 KeV) with a 3D silicon detector based on trepan-drilled holes. Our results show that silicon laser-machining can be used for 3D detector fabrication with good charge collection propeties. C1 [Christophersen, Marc; Phlips, Bernard F.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Christophersen, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marc.christophersen@nrl.navy.mil; bernard.phlips@nrl.navy.mil RI Christophersen, Marc/B-6795-2008 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-9106-3 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2010 BP 378 EP 381 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BBB94 UT WOS:000306402900079 ER PT S AU Christophersen, M Phlips, BF AF Christophersen, Marc Phlips, Bernard F. GP IEEE TI Laser-Induced Diffusion for Radiation Detector Development SO 2010 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD (NSS/MIC) SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS)/Medical Imaging Conference (MIC)/17th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors CY OCT 30-NOV 06, 2010 CL Knoxville, TN SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE AB Prototyping of three-dimensional integrated circuits requires annealing of silicon junction at temperature below 450 degree C. Laser-annealing is one way to locally anneal a silicon junction. We laser-annealed spin-on-glass diffusion sources and ion-implanted phosphorous junctions. The laser was part of a commercial micro-machining system. We successfully made a laser-annealed ohmic back side contact for a silicon strip detector. An energy resolution of 8.0 keV FWHM at 122 keV was obtained. C1 [Christophersen, Marc; Phlips, Bernard F.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Christophersen, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marc.christophersen@nrl.navy.mil; bernard.phlips@nrl.navy.mil RI Christophersen, Marc/B-6795-2008 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-9106-3 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2010 BP 392 EP 395 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BBB94 UT WOS:000306402900082 ER PT S AU Jackson, SL Allen, RJ Apruzese, JP Commisso, RJ Hinshelwood, DD Mosher, D Murphy, DP Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW Swanekamp, SB Young, FC Cooperstein, G Hunt, AW Seipel, HA Gagliardi, MA AF Jackson, S. L. Allen, R. J. Apruzese, J. P. Commisso, R. J. Hinshelwood, D. D. Mosher, D. Murphy, D. P. Ottinger, P. F. Schumer, J. W. Swanekamp, S. B. Young, F. C. Cooperstein, G. Hunt, A. W. Seipel, H. A. Gagliardi, M. A. GP IEEE TI Detectors for intense, pulsed active detection SO 2010 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD (NSS/MIC) SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS)/Medical Imaging Conference (MIC)/17th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors CY OCT 30-NOV 06, 2010 CL Knoxville, TN SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE ID NUCLEAR MATERIAL AB In intense, pulsed active detection, a single, intense pulse of radiation is used to induce photofission in fissionable material, increasing its detectability. The Mercury pulsed-power generator was converted to positive polarity (+3.7 MV, 325 kA, 50-ns FWHM) to drive an intense, pulsed radiation source based on the FIGARO active detection concept. The probing radiation source consisted of an ion-beam diode and a thick PTFE (Teflon) converter where 6 - 7 MeV gamma-rays were produced via the F-19(p,alpha gamma)O-16 reaction. A suite of radiation detectors was used both to detect the presence of irradiated fissionable material and to characterize the probing radiation source. Four types of detectors were used for the source characterization. Thermoluminescent dosimeters were used to measure the angular distribution of the dose associated with x-rays and.-rays from the ion-beam diode. Plastic scintillator-photodiode detectors were used to characterize the time dependence of this dose. A plastic scintillator-photomultiplier detector was used to monitor the.-ray intensity of the probing radiation source and to monitor changes in the production of background neutrons by the diode and PTFE converter. A set of rhodium foil activation counters was used to measure the absolute yield of these background neutrons. Two types of detectors with comparable sensitivities were used to measure delayed neutrons resulting from photofission: He-3 proportional counters and a Li-6-loadedglass-scintillator detector. The neutron detection rate from each detector following the probing radiation pulse was over 100 times higher with depleted uranium present than with lead. C1 [Jackson, S. L.; Allen, R. J.; Apruzese, J. P.; Commisso, R. J.; Hinshelwood, D. D.; Murphy, D. P.; Ottinger, P. F.; Schumer, J. W.; Swanekamp, S. B.; Cooperstein, G.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mosher, D.; Swanekamp, S. B.; Young, F. C.] L 3 Commun, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Hunt, A. W.; Seipel, H. A.; Gagliardi, M. A.] Idaho State Univ, Idaho Accelerator Ctr, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Hunt, A. W.; Seipel, H. A.; Gagliardi, M. A.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Phys, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Jackson, SL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stuart.jackson@nrl.navy.mil; alwhunt@iac.isu.edu FU Office of Naval Research FX Manuscript received November 21, 2010. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-9106-3 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2010 BP 516 EP 523 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BBB94 UT WOS:000306402900110 ER PT S AU Swanekamp, SB Apruzese, JP Commisso, RJ Mosher, D Schumer, JW AF Swanekamp, Stephen B. Apruzese, John P. Commisso, Robert J. Mosher, David Schumer, Joseph W. GP IEEE TI An Analysis of Intense Pulsed Active Detection (IPAD) for the Detection of Special Nuclear Materials SO 2010 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD (NSS/MIC) SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS)/Medical Imaging Conference (MIC)/17th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors CY OCT 30-NOV 06, 2010 CL Knoxville, TN SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE AB This paper analyzes the Intense Pulsed Active Detection (IPAD) approach for active detection of fissile material, highlights some of its merits, and compares it to the multiple-pulse-train LINAC approach. In both cases, bremsstrahlung photons are used to induce fissions. IPAD's single, 100-ns bremsstrahlung pulse offers the possibility to utilize prompt as well as delayed neutrons emitted during the fission process. A combination of the ITS and MCNPX codes is used to characterize the dose to human tissue and both the prompt and delayed neutron emissions from the induced fissions for incident bremsstrahlung spectra between 6 and 50 MeV. No effects from shielding or from the interaction of the bremsstrahlung with the environment (water, air, etc) have been included in these computations, but these effects are a topic of ongoing work. Curves are developed that give the number of useful prompt neutrons per unit dose and the total number of delayed neutrons per unit dose that are independent of both the total electron charge delivered to the bremsstrahlung converter and the source-to-object distance. Useful prompt neutrons are defined to be those with energies exceeding the highest energy photo-neutron expected from Pb-207 for a given bremsstrahlung endpoint energy. The analysis shows that endpoint energies between 9 and 13 MeV are optimum for the production of useful prompt neutrons/dose. Because the prompt signal is very fast, the detection of just two useful prompt neutrons gives a false alarm rate from cosmic-ray neutrons of less than 1 in 10(6). The analysis for delayed neutrons shows that above 14 MeV endpoint energies, both the neutron production and the dose increase as the endpoint energy squared. This suggests that, for a fixed body dose, no additional delayed neutrons are created above an endpoint energy of 14 MeV. A comparison of the multiple-pulse pulse-train LINAC approach and the single-pulse IPAD approach for detecting delayed neutrons is also presented. Because the 3-s detection time for the IPAD system is so much shorter than the 120-s detection time for the LINAC system, the IPAD system produces a signal that is much easier to separate from the cosmic-ray neutron background. This shorter time allows an IPAD system to detect fissile objects with 100% detection rate at a false alarm rate from cosmic-ray neutrons of less than 10(-6) compared with a 50% detection rate for a 10% false alarm rate for the LINAC approach. Alternatively, the same detection efficiency as the LINAC approach is obtained with the detector about 2.7 times farther away from the fissile object. C1 [Swanekamp, Stephen B.; Commisso, Robert J.; Schumer, Joseph W.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Apruzese, John P.; Mosher, David] L3 Commun, Washington, DC USA. RP Swanekamp, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Steve.Swanekamp@nrl.nany.mil; John.Apruzese@nrl.navy.mil; Robert.Commisso@nrl.navy.mil; David.Mosher@nrl.navy.mil; Joseph.Schumer@nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-9106-3 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2010 BP 881 EP 888 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BBB94 UT WOS:000306402901005 ER PT S AU Foreman, TL AF Foreman, Terry L. GP IEEE TI Application of the CLEAN Detector to Low Signal to Noise Ratio Targets SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID IMAGES AB This paper expands on the author's previous work by adapting the CLEAN algorithm to address low signal to noise (SNR) targets. The Reformulated CLEAN Detector is presented which is shown to allow the detection of low SNR targets in the presence of large targets. Performance results are presented that show how good performance can be attained by combining the correlator, CLEAN Deconvolver and Reformulated CLEAN Detector C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Electromagnet & Sensors Syst Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Foreman, TL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Electromagnet & Sensors Syst Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 150 EP 155 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494636 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500030 ER PT S AU Casey, TS Foreman, TL LeFurjah, G AF Casey, T. Scott Foreman, Terry L. LeFurjah, George GP IEEE TI Sidelobe Clutter Modeling for Land-Based Radars in Mountainous Terrain SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE DE Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release AB This paper will introduce a new technique for modeling sidelobe clutter in mountainous terrain, while expanding upon our previous work in modeling three-dimensional aspects of clutter. The method was developed, in part, to overcome the limitations of electromagnetic parabolic wave equation (PWE) models with regards to complex antenna patterns. This technique also produces a more accurate representation of the clutter versus our previous methods. C1 [Casey, T. Scott; Foreman, Terry L.; LeFurjah, George] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Electromagnet & Sensors Syst Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Casey, TS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Electromagnet & Sensors Syst Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 168 EP 172 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494631 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500033 ER PT S AU Wang, L Cheney, M Borden, B AF Wang, Ling Cheney, Margaret Borden, Brett GP IEEE TI Multistatic Radar Imaging of Moving Targets SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE INVERSION; TOMOGRAPHY AB We develop a linearized imaging theory that combines the spatial, temporal, and spectral aspects of scattered waves. We consider the case of fixed sensors and a general distribution of objects, each undergoing linear motion; thus the theory deals with imaging distributions in phase space. We derive a model for the data that is appropriate for narrowband waveforms in the case when the targets are moving slowly relative to the speed of light. From this model, we develop a phase-space imaging formula that can be interpreted in terms of filtered backprojection or matched filtering. For this imaging approach, we derive the corresponding phase-space point-spread function. We show plots of the phase-space point-spread function for various geometries, and various combinations of waveforms. C1 [Wang, Ling] Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210016, Peoples R China. [Cheney, Margaret] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12181 USA. [Borden, Brett] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wang, L (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210016, Peoples R China. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-06-1-0017, FA9550-09-1-0013] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Agreements FA9550-06-1-0017 and FA9550-09-1-0013. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 391 EP 396 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494589 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500075 ER PT S AU Paek, EG Choe, JY AF Paek, Eung-Gi Choe, Joon Y. GP IEEE TI Distributed Time Reversal Mirror Array SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB An array of independent, separate, distributed time-reversal mirrors (TRMs) that can function as a large array in a coherent (collective and co-operative) manner is described. Due to the unique feature of time-reversal to compensate for the propagation delay after round-trip, the DTRMA can perform coherent integration of signals across the array through distorting media without the need for complicated array calibration and precise geo-location procedures, even after the location of a TRM has been changed. Several proof-of-concept experimental results to show both temporal and spatial focusing properties of the DTRMA are demonstrated using commercially available off-the-shelf components and instruments. C1 [Paek, Eung-Gi; Choe, Joon Y.] USN, Div Radar, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Paek, EG (reprint author), USN, Div Radar, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paek@nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 627 EP 630 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494545 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500119 ER PT S AU Raj, RG Chen, VC Lipps, R AF Raj, Raghu G. Chen, Victor C. Lipps, Ronald GP IEEE TI A Greedy Approach for Sparse Angular Aperture Radar SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB We present a novel algorithm for radar imaging of point scatterers using a sparse number of spatially separated sensors. Such sparse sensing scenarios are prototypical of many applications wherein a limited number of sensors are distributed over a geographical area; or where environmental and/or systemic constraints enforce a sparse sampling of angular aperture. Our underlying assumption is that the image is sparse with respect to the Gabor basis set. We then introduce the concept of an orbit-viz. the locus of all projections made by a spatial basis-and formulate the radar imaging problem as that of sparsifying the number of orbits that comprise the radon measurements of the source. We demonstrate how our algorithm outperforms FFT-based and Compressive-sensing based reconstruction algorithms for point-scatterer images, describe relevant theoretical performance bounds of our algorithm, and point to future research arising from this work. C1 [Raj, Raghu G.; Chen, Victor C.; Lipps, Ronald] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Raj, RG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 673 EP 677 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494538 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500128 ER PT S AU Farshchian, M Posner, FL AF Farshchian, Masoud Posner, Fred L. GP IEEE TI The Pareto distribution for low grazing angle and high resolution X-band sea clutter SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION AB A radar pulse that impinges upon a radar resolution area of the sea surface produces backscattered returns which are called sea clutter. For low grazing angles and very fine radar cell resolution areas, the clutter intensity distribution departs significantly from the exponential distribution. In this case, the clutter is said to display spiky behavior and the distribution of the intensity develops a much longer tail relative to the exponential distribution. Statistical analysis of collected data near a grazing angle of 0.2 degrees at X-band from the sea off the coast of Kauai, Hawaii are examined relative to the log-normal, Weibull and K distributions. Based on an analogy of sea clutter and other disciplines including computer networks and finance, we also apply the Pareto distribution to the collected data. We also compare the data to the WW and KK two-population mixture distributions. Maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters of the distributions are obtained from the measured data. In all cases, the two population mixture distributions and the Pareto distribution are more accurate than the three classical distributions. However the Pareto distribution has the advantage of being an analytically tractable two parameter distribution while having similar accuracy to the five parameter WW and KK at critical values. C1 [Farshchian, Masoud; Posner, Fred L.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Farshchian, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 14 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 789 EP 793 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494513 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500149 ER PT S AU Gray, JE AF Gray, John E. GP IEEE TI An Interpretation of Woodward's Ambiguity Function and Its Generalization SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB We suggest a new interpretation of Woodward's ambiguity function as the expected value of an operator. The operator represents the physics of the interaction of the waveform with the object. This approach provides a new approach to understanding the return signal at the receiver and can reveal more detailed understanding of the underlying interactions within the return signal that are not usually brought out by standard signal processing techniques. C1 USN, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, Surface Warfare Ctr Dahlgren, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, Surface Warfare Ctr Dahlgren, Code Q-23,18444 Frontage Rd,Suite 328, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM DLGR-NSWC-Q23@navy.mil NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 859 EP 864 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494499 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500163 ER PT S AU Chen, RC AF Chen, Richard C. GP IEEE TI Range Profile Specific Optimal Waveforms for Minimum Mean Square Error Estimation SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Optimal waveforms for minimum mean square error range profile estimation are investigated. An idealized measurement and waveform adaptation process is developed that yields optimal scene and range specific waveforms. This process is idealized in that during each cycle of the process, a large number of dwells are required. As part of our method, a modified version of the Adaptive Pulse Compression (APC) estimation method is used to estimate the range profile after each dwell cycle. The proposed method is analogous to the APC method in that it yields a set of range specific optimal waveforms, while the APC method yields a set of range specific optimal pulse compression filters. In certain scenarios, the measurement and waveform adaptation process yields range profile estimates that are significantly better than those derived by the APC method alone. C1 USN, Div Radar, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, RC (reprint author), USN, Div Radar, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM richard.chen@nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 1042 EP 1047 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494465 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500197 ER PT S AU Marshall, R Wiss, V Horgan, K Thornton, W Burgess, E AF Marshall, Robert Wiss, Victor Horgan, Katherine Thornton, William Burgess, Edward GP IEEE TI Extreme Extended Multi-wavelength Propagation due to Hot and Dry Air Flowing Over the Persian Gulf SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Shallow surface radio frequency (RF) trapping layers or ducts form in stable internal boundary layers (SIBL) when warm dry air flows offshore over colder and more humid sea surfaces. Depending on wind speed and land sea temperature difference, these surface ducts can exist for hundreds of kilometers offshore and trap radar energy in layers below 100m above sea level. This paper describes the performance of notional shore based S, C and X band radars during a SIBL event. The three dimensional (3D) verified refractivity field is modeled by the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS (R)). The radar performance is modeled by the Advanced Refractive Effects Prediction System (AREPS). C1 [Marshall, Robert; Wiss, Victor; Horgan, Katherine; Thornton, William; Burgess, Edward] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Lab, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Marshall, R (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Lab, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM robert.e.marshall@navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 1117 EP 1122 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494454 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500210 ER PT S AU Garzarella, A Wu, DH Crim, JB AF Garzarella, Anthony Wu, Dong Ho Crim, John B. GP IEEE TI An All-Dielectric, 3-Axis Electric Field Sensor Using Quasi-Longitudinally Configured Electro-Optic Crystals SO 2010 IEEE SENSORS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Sensors Conference CY NOV 01-04, 2010 CL Kona, HI SP IEEE AB We describe a stabilized, all-dielectric, 3-axis electric field sensor using electro-optic (EO) crystals. By directing the laser probe quasi-longitudinally with respect to the optic axis of the crystal, we have improved stability by three orders of magnitude and substantially reduced phase noise. While the modulation depth of the output signal is slightly reduced, overall sensitivity is greatly improved due to the larger signal to noise ratio. Unlike conventional EO sensors, measurements can be made with 50 meters of optical fibers without excessive noise. Additionally, the sensor and fibers can be moved during measurements without the need for compensation optics or recalibration. This makes the sensor very practical for actual field test applications and attractive for potential commercial use. C1 [Garzarella, Anthony; Wu, Dong Ho] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Crim, John B.] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Naval Electmagnet Radiat Facil, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Garzarella, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tony.garzarella@nrl.navy.mil FU T&E/S&T Program through U.S. Army Program Executive Office for Simulation, Training and Instrumentation FX This work is funded by the T&E/S&T Program through the U.S. Army Program Executive Office for Simulation, Training and Instrumentation. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4244-8168-2 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2010 BP 983 EP 986 DI 10.1109/ICSENS.2010.5690916 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTS59 UT WOS:000287982100218 ER PT S AU Pruessner, MW Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Bass, R Boos, JB AF Pruessner, Marcel W. Stievater, Todd H. Rabinovich, William S. Bass, Robert Boos, J. Brad GP IEEE TI Chip-Scale Wavelength-Division Multiplexed Integrated Sensor Arrays SO 2010 IEEE SENSORS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Sensors Conference CY NOV 01-04, 2010 CL Kona, HI SP IEEE AB We demonstrate a wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technique for interrogating multiple sensors on a single chip. While wavelength-and frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) has previously been demonstrated in micro-electromechanical (MEMS) sensors, numerous off-chip components were required thereby increasing the system size and limiting the number of sensors. In contrast, our approach enables all components to be developed on-chip. The high Q-factor afforded by optical microcavities enables a large number of sensor elements to be interrogated using WDM. First, we demonstrate wavelength-enabled addressing of individual sensors. Next, we show how two sensors can be individually interrogated in a sensor network. Finally, we illustrate how such "sensor-networks on a chip" are fabricated. The ability to develop large-scale arrays, where each sensor has been functionalized to respond to a different analyte, enables increased selectivity for MEMS resonant chemical sensors. C1 [Pruessner, Marcel W.; Stievater, Todd H.; Rabinovich, William S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bass, Robert; Boos, J. Brad] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pruessner, MW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4244-8168-2 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2010 BP 2049 EP 2052 DI 10.1109/ICSENS.2010.5690293 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTS59 UT WOS:000287982100450 ER PT S AU Touse, M Sinibaldi, J Karunasiri, G AF Touse, Michael Sinibaldi, Jose Karunasiri, Gamani GP IEEE TI MEMS Directional Sound Sensor with Simultaneous Detection of Two Frequency Bands SO 2010 IEEE SENSORS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Sensors Conference CY NOV 01-04, 2010 CL Kona, HI SP IEEE ID FLY ORMIA-OCHRACEA; COUPLED EARS AB Conventional directional sound sensing systems use an array of spatially separated microphones to achieve directional sensing by monitoring the arrival times and amplitudes at each microphone. The directional accuracy is then determined by the spatial separation of the microphones. In contrast, the Ormia ochracea fly's ears are separated by merely 500 mu m yet have remarkable sensitivity to the direction of sound even at wavelengths two orders of magnitude greater than the size of the fly's hearing structure. The fly uses a unique system which consists of two identical wings hinged at the center to determine the direction of sound. Recently, our group demonstrated a MEMS-based directional sound sensor modeled on the hearing system of the fly. The sensor response has two resonant modes (rocking and bending) and a strong response was only achieved at the bending frequency since the amplitude of the rocking mode depends on the tiny pressure difference between the two wings. In this paper, we report achievement of dual-band sensing using asymmetric wings to enhance the response at the rocking frequency. The fabricated sensor showed nearly equal responses at the rocking and bending frequencies. C1 [Touse, Michael; Sinibaldi, Jose; Karunasiri, Gamani] USN, Dept Phys, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Touse, M (reprint author), USN, Dept Phys, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mptouse@nps.edu NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4244-8168-2 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2010 BP 2422 EP 2425 DI 10.1109/ICSENS.2010.5690773 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTS59 UT WOS:000287982100537 ER PT J AU Geiger, DJ AF Geiger, Douglas J. GP IEEE TI High Resolution Time Difference of Arrival Using Timestamps for Localization in 802.11b/g Wireless Networks SO 2010 IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE (WCNC 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC) CY APR 18-21, 2010 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE AB Localization of mobile devices is an area of much interest in both the commercial, and government sectors. One particular method of localization uses time-difference of arrival (TDoA) measurements from multiple receivers. This can be done using shared timestamps indicating the time of arrival (ToA) among distributed receivers. High resolution timestamps are particularly important to ensure reasonable spatial resolution of the localization method. This paper presents a method to obtain high-resolution time-of-arrival stamps for 802.11b frames based on matched filtering and time-averaged power. This method can be extended to the higher data rates used by 802.11g. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Geiger, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6398-5 PY 2010 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYL10 UT WOS:000299203102052 ER PT S AU Amusan, OA Bhuva, BL Casey, MC Gadlage, MJ McMorrow, D Melinger, JS Massengill, LW AF Amusan, O. A. Bhuva, B. L. Casey, M. C. Gadlage, M. J. McMorrow, D. Melinger, J. S. Massengill, L. W. GP IEEE TI Test Circuit for Measuring Single-Event-Induced Charge Sharing in Deep-Submicron Technologies SO 2010 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROELECTRONIC TEST STRUCTURES, 23RD IEEE ICMTS CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 23rd International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures (ICMTS) CY MAR 22-25, 2010 CL Hiroshima, JAPAN SP IEEE DE charge collection; charge sharing; on-chip test circuit; single event circuit characterization; two-photon absorption ID 90 NM CMOS; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; UPSETS AB A novel on-chip test circuit to measure single-event-induced charge sharing has been developed and implemented in an IBM 90 nm process. Test measurements with Two-Photon Absorption (TPA) backside laser irradiation helps demonstrate the effectiveness of the test circuit in characterizing charge sharing effects for sub-100 nm bulk CMOS processes. C1 [Amusan, O. A.] Lockheed Martin, Bethesda, MD USA. [Casey, M. C.] NASA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Bhuva, B. L.; Gadlage, M. J.; Massengill, L. W.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [McMorrow, D.; Melinger, J. S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Amusan, OA (reprint author), Lockheed Martin, Bethesda, MD USA. EM oluwole.a.amusan@lmco.com; bhuva@eecsmail.vuse.vanderbilt.edu; megan.c.casey@vanderbilt.edu; mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1071-9032 BN 978-1-4244-6915-4 J9 IEEE INT C MICROELEC PY 2010 BP 114 EP 117 DI 10.1109/ICMTS.2010.5466844 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BTM87 UT WOS:000287371500023 ER PT J AU Ali, A Madan, H Misra, R Hwang, E Agrawal, A Ramirez, I Schiffer, P Jackson, TN Mohney, SE Boos, JB Bennett, BR Geppert, I Eizenberg, M Datta, S AF Ali, A. Madan, H. Misra, R. Hwang, E. Agrawal, A. Ramirez, I. Schiffer, P. Jackson, T. N. Mohney, S. E. Boos, J. B. Bennett, B. R. Geppert, I. Eizenberg, M. Datta, S. GP IEEE TI Advanced Composite High-kappa Gate Stack for Mixed Anion Arsenide-Antimonide Quantum Well Transistors SO 2010 INTERNATIONAL ELECTRON DEVICES MEETING - TECHNICAL DIGEST SE International Electron Devices Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM) CY DEC 06-08, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA AB This paper demonstrates the integration of a composite high-kappa gate stack (3.3 nm Al2O3-1.0 nm GaSb) with a mixed anion InAs0.8Sb0.2 quantum-well field effect transistor (QWFET). The composite gate stack achieves; (i) EOT of 4.2 nm with < 10(-7)A/cm(2) gate leakage (ii) low D-it interface (similar to 1x10(12) /cm(2)/eV) (iii) high drift mu of 3,900-5,060 cm(2)/V-s at N-S of 5x10(11)-3x10(12)/cm(2). The InAs0.8Sb0.2 MOS-QWFETs with composite gate stack exhibit extrinsic (intrinsic) g(m) of 334 (502) mu S/mu m and drive current of 380 mu A/mu m at V-DS = 0.5V for Lg=1 mu m. C1 [Ali, A.; Madan, H.; Misra, R.; Hwang, E.; Agrawal, A.; Ramirez, I.; Schiffer, P.; Jackson, T. N.; Mohney, S. E.; Datta, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Boos, J. B.; Bennett, B. R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Geppert, I.; Eizenberg, M.] Univ Haifa, Technion Israel Inst Technol, Haifa, Israel. RP Ali, A (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM aua176@psu.edu RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Schiffer, Peter/F-3227-2011; Ali, Ashkar/C-5065-2013; Ramirez, J. Israel/H-1680-2014 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; FU DARPA/SRC; MARCO-MSD Center FX We acknowledge financial support from DARPA/SRC sponsored MARCO-MSD Center. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-7419-6 J9 INT EL DEVICES MEET PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTS81 UT WOS:000287997300032 ER PT J AU Nainani, A Irisawa, T Yuan, Z Sun, Y Krishnamohan, T Reason, M Bennett, BR Boos, JB Ancona, MG Nishi, Y Saraswat, KC AF Nainani, Aneesh Irisawa, Toshifumi Yuan, Ze Sun, Yun Krishnamohan, Tejas Reason, Matthew Bennett, Brian R. Boos, J. Brad Ancona, Mario G. Nishi, Yoshio Saraswat, Krishna C. GP IEEE TI Development of high-k dielectric for Antimonides and a sub 350 degrees C III-V pMOSFET outperforming Germanium SO 2010 INTERNATIONAL ELECTRON DEVICES MEETING - TECHNICAL DIGEST SE International Electron Devices Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM) CY DEC 06-08, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA AB InxGa1-xSb channel materials have the highest hole and electron mobility among all III-V semiconductors, high conduction and valence band offsets (CBO/VBO) with lattice matched AlxIn1-xSb for heterostructure MOSFET design [1] and allow low thermal budget MOSFET fabrication (Figure 1). While buried channel HEMT-like devices with excellent electron and hole transport [3-5] have been demonstrated, realization of an Sb-channel MOSFET has remained elusive due to the highly reactive nature of the Sb-surface (Figure 2). In this paper we overcome these challenges (Figure 1) and fabricate an InxGa1-xSb pMOSFET with high hole mobility (mu(h)) : a bottleneck for III-V complimentary logic. Synchrotron Radiation Photoemission Spectroscopy (SRPES) is used to aid the development of ALD Al2O3 on GaSb with a mid bandgap Dit of 3x10(11)/cm(2)eV(-1). A p(+)/n diode with ideality factor of 1.4 and I-ON/I-OFF > 5x10(4) is developed. pMOSFETs with various channel configurations to optimize the hole transport are fabricated using a sub 350 degrees C gate-first process. Surface (buried) channel pMOSFETs with peak mu(h) of 620 (910) cm(2)/Vs and having more than 50 (100) % higher mobility than Germanium over the entire sheet charge (N-s) range are demonstrated and analyzed. C1 [Nainani, Aneesh; Irisawa, Toshifumi; Yuan, Ze; Krishnamohan, Tejas; Nishi, Yoshio; Saraswat, Krishna C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Sun, Yun] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Reason, Matthew; Bennett, Brian R.; Boos, J. Brad; Ancona, Mario G.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nainani, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM nainani@stanford.edu RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 FU Office of Naval Research; Intel Corporation FX One of the authors (Aneesh Nainani) would like to thank Intel Corporation for PhD Fellowship. This work was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research and Intel Corporation. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-7419-6 J9 INT EL DEVICES MEET PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTS81 UT WOS:000287997300033 ER PT S AU Sharma, S Shi, Y Hou, YT Sherali, HD Kompella, S AF Sharma, Sushant Shi, Yi Hou, Y. Thomas Sherali, Hanif D. Kompella, Sastry GP IEEE TI Cooperative Communications in Multi-hop Wireless Networks: Joint Flow Routing and Relay Node Assignment SO 2010 PROCEEDINGS IEEE INFOCOM SE IEEE INFOCOM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on IEEE INFOCOM CY MAR 15-19, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID AD HOC NETWORKS; DIVERSITY; THROUGHPUT; STRATEGIES; ALLOCATION AB It has been shown that cooperative communications (CC) have the potential to significantly increase the capacity of wireless networks. However, most of the existing results are limited to single-hop wireless networks. To illustrate the benefits of CC in multi-hop wireless networks, we solve a joint optimization problem of relay node assignment and flow routing for concurrent sessions. We study this problem via mathematical modeling and solve it using a solution procedure based on the branch-and-cut framework. We design several novel components to speed-up the computation time of branch-and-cut. Via numerical results, we show the significant rate gains that can be achieved by incorporating CC in multi-hop networks. C1 [Sharma, Sushant] Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Sherali, Hanif D.] Virginia Tech, Grado Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kompella, Sastry] US Navy, Res Lab, Informat Technol Div, Washington, DC USA. [Shi, Yi; Hou, Y. Thomas] Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Sharma, S (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. FU NSF [CCF0946273, CMMI0754236]; ONR. FX The work of Y.T. Hou, Y. Shi, and S. Sharma was supported in part by NSF Grant CCF0946273. The work of H.D. Sheraliwas supported in part by NSF Grant CMMI0754236. Thework of S. Kompella was supported in part by the ONR. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-166X BN 978-1-4244-5838-7 J9 IEEE INFOCOM SER PY 2010 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTN69 UT WOS:000287416300125 ER PT S AU Sharma, S Shi, Y Liu, J Hou, YT Kompella, S AF Sharma, Sushant Shi, Yi Liu, Jia Hou, Y. Thomas Kompella, Sastry GP IEEE TI Is Network Coding Always Good for Cooperative Communications? SO 2010 PROCEEDINGS IEEE INFOCOM SE IEEE INFOCOM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on IEEE INFOCOM CY MAR 15-19, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID WIRELESS NETWORKS; CODED COOPERATION; PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS; RELAY NETWORKS; DIVERSITY; STRATEGIES; ALLOCATION AB Network coding (NC) is a promising approach to reduce time-slot overhead for cooperative communications (CC) in a multi-session environment. Most of the existing works take advantage of the benefits of NC in CC but do not fully recognize its potential adverse effect. In this paper, we show that employing NC may not always benefit CC. We substantiate this important finding in the context of analog network coding (ANC) and amplify-and-forward (AF) CC. This paper, for the first time, introduces an important concept of network coding noise (NC noise). Specifically, we analyze the signal aggregation at a relay node and signal extraction at a destination node. We then use the analysis to derive a closed-form expression for NC noise at each destination node in a multi-session environment. We show that NC noise can diminish the advantage of NC in CC. Our results formalizes an important concept on using NC in CC. C1 [Sharma, Sushant] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Shi, Yi; Liu, Jia; Hou, Y. Thomas] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kompella, Sastry] Div Informat Technol, US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Sharma, S (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. FU NSF [CCF0946273]; ONR FX The work of Y.T. Hou, Y. Shi, S. Sharma, and J. Liu was supported in part by NSF Grant CCF0946273. The work of S. Kompella was supported in part by the ONR. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-166X BN 978-1-4244-5838-7 J9 IEEE INFOCOM SER PY 2010 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTN69 UT WOS:000287416300122 ER PT S AU Hingorani, N Ginn, H Sullivan, J AF Hingorani, Narain Ginn, Herbert, III Sullivan, Joseph GP IEEE TI CONTROL/PROTECTION ARCHITECTURE FOR POWER ELECTRONIC CONVERTERS SO 2010 RECORD OF CONFERENCE PAPERS INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY 57TH ANNUAL PETROLEUM AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CONFERENCE PCIC SE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 57th IEEE Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference CY SEP 20-22, 2010 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE DE Control Architecture; Control and Protection; Power Electronics; Power Electronics Building Block (PEBB); DVR; STATCOM AB Most marine applications, from ships to drilling platforms, are increasingly using power electronics for motor drives and HVDC power conversion for shore to platform transmission. IEEE Working group i8 is well along in developing a standard for control/protection architecture for power electronics converters. In this digital age control/protection technology is advancing rapidly and substantial improvements can be attained through cost effective upgrades. with potential benefits from upgrading and adding new features of control/protection from time to time. Key to this upgrade process would be well defined control partitions which will allow an individual layer to be removed and upgraded without impacting adjacent layers and hardware. This paper describes the IEEE recommended architecture which will ease the technical and financial burden of upgrading a power electronics system. C1 [Ginn, Herbert, III] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Sullivan, Joseph] NSWC Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Ginn, H (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM nghingorani@sbcglobal.net; ginn@ece.msstate.edu; Joseph.R.Sullivan@navy.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0090-3507 BN 978-1-4244-6799-0 J9 RECORD CONF PAP PETR PY 2010 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTO12 UT WOS:000287457100035 ER PT B AU Moon, JS Curtis, D Hu, M Wong, D Campbell, PM Jernigan, G Tedesco, J VanMil, B Myers-Ward, R Eddy, C Gaskill, DK Robinson, J Fanton, M Asbeck, P AF Moon, J. S. Curtis, D. Hu, M. Wong, D. Campbell, P. M. Jernigan, G. Tedesco, J. VanMil, B. Myers-Ward, R. Eddy, C., Jr. Gaskill, D. K. Robinson, J. Fanton, M. Asbeck, P. GP IEEE TI Development toward Wafer-Scale Graphene RF Electronics SO 2010 TOPICAL MEETING ON SILICON MONOLITHIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS IN RF SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems (SiRF2010) CY JAN 11-13, 2010 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE MTT DE Graphene; MOSFET; High-K dielectric ID EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE AB We will present recent development of graphene FET technology on a wafer scale, including epitaxial graphene growth, device fabrication and characterization. The epitaxial growth of graphene on 2-inch wafers were fabricated via graphitization of Si-face SiC(0001) substrates. The sheet electron carrier density of these layers were typically 10(-13)/cm(2) at room temperature and had mobility of similar to 1500 cm(2) V-1S-1 or higher. Graphene FETs were fabricated with source and drain non-alloyed ohmic metal schemes. Metal gates were used on top of atomic-layer-deposited high-k (Al2O3) gate dielectric layer. DC and RF performance of the world's first epitaxial graphene RF FETs is presented. C1 [Moon, J. S.; Curtis, D.; Hu, M.; Wong, D.] HRL Labs LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Rd, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. [Campbell, P. M.; Jernigan, G.; Tedesco, J.; VanMil, B.; Myers-Ward, R.; Eddy, C., Jr.; Gaskill, D. K.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Robinson, J.; Fanton, M.] Penn State Univ, EOC, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Asbeck, P.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Moon, JS (reprint author), HRL Labs LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Rd, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. RI Robinson, Joshua/I-1803-2012 FU DARPA [N66001-08-C-2048] FX This work was partially supported by the DARPA under a contract number N66001-08-C-2048, monitored by Dr. Michael Fritze. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5456-3 PY 2010 BP 1 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BQR42 UT WOS:000281614000001 ER PT S AU Dhakal, S Kim, J AF Dhakal, Sagar Kim, JoonBeom GP IEEE TI Statistical Analysis of User-pairing Algorithms in Virtual MIMO Systems SO 2010 WIRELESS TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYMPOSIUM (WTS) SE Wireless Telecommunications Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual Wireless Telecommunications Symposium (WTS) CY APR 21-23, 2010 CL Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL SP Cal Poly Pomona, IEEE, Verizon Wireless, IEEE Commun Soc, Concurrent Technologies Corp (CTC), Measurement Speech & Audio Qual Networks (MESAQIN), IEEE Commun Soc Foothill Chapter HO Univ S Florida DE Virtual multiple-input multiple-output (VMIMO); single-input multiple-output (SIMO); multi-user pairing algorithm; minimum mean square error (MMSE) AB In this paper a novel algorithm for user-pairing is proposed for virtual multiple-input multiple-output (V-MIMO) systems. Channel orthogonality is utilized to derive an expression for the output SNR (OSNR) in a V-MIMO system. We also show that the V-MIMO OSNR almost surely converges to the OSNR of a single input multiple output transmission as number of receive antennas approach infinity. Applying the statistical properties of orthogonality to independent and identically distributed wireless channels, system performance for the proposed pairing algorithm is evaluated in terms of joint capacity, OSNR loss, throughput fairness, and computational complexity. Numerical results show that the proposed orthogonal pairing algorithm outperforms conventional pairing methods that are oriented to maximize joint capacity. C1 [Dhakal, Sagar] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, JoonBeom] Ericsson Inc, Plano, TX 75024 USA. RP Dhakal, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dhakals@wave.nrl.navy.mil; kim.joonbeom@gmail.com FU Office of Naval Research FX This work has been supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1934-5070 BN 978-1-4244-6557-6 J9 WIREL TELECOMM SYMP PY 2010 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDQ12 UT WOS:000314394200018 ER PT J AU Ikyo, BA Marko, IP Adams, AR Sweeney, SJ Canedy, CL Vurgaftman, I Kim, CS Kim, M Bewley, WW Meyer, JR AF Ikyo, Barnabas A. Marko, Igor P. Adams, Alf R. Sweeney, Stephen J. Canedy, Chadwick L. Vurgaftman, Igor Kim, Chul Soo Kim, Mijin Bewley, William W. Meyer, Jerry R. GP IEEE TI Temperature sensitivity of mid-infrared type II "W" interband cascade lasers (ICL) emitting at 4.1 mu m at room temperature SO 22ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR LASER CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conference CY SEP 26-30, 2010 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP IEEE ID PRESSURE AB The thermal properties of 5-stage "W" Interband-Cascade Lasers emitting at 4.1 mu m at RT are investigated. It is shown that inter-valence band absorption coupled with non-radiative recombination govern their maximum operating temperature. C1 [Ikyo, Barnabas A.; Marko, Igor P.; Adams, Alf R.; Sweeney, Stephen J.] Univ Surrey, Adv Technol Inst, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. [Canedy, Chadwick L.; Vurgaftman, Igor; Kim, Chul Soo; Kim, Mijin; Bewley, William W.; Meyer, Jerry R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Ikyo, BA (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Adv Technol Inst, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5684-0 PY 2010 BP 41 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BTN65 UT WOS:000287413100021 ER PT S AU Messenger, SR Jackson, EM Warner, JH Walters, RJ AF Messenger, S. R. Jackson, E. M. Warner, J. H. Walters, R. J. GP IEEE TI SCREAM: A NEW CODE FOR SOLAR CELL DEGRADATION PREDICTION USING THE DISPLACEMENT DAMAGE DOSE APPROACH SO 35TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 20-25, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Solar Energy Industries Assoc ID NONIONIZING ENERGY-LOSS; DEVICE APPLICATIONS; PROTON; SPACE; NIEL AB A Matlab-based executable code has been developed called SCREAM (Solar Cell Radiation Environment Analysis Models) which implements the displacement damage dose (DDD) approach to solar cell degradation prediction in a space radiation environment. C1 [Messenger, S. R.; Jackson, E. M.; Warner, J. H.; Walters, R. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Messenger, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-5891-2 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2010 BP 1106 EP 1111 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2010.5614713 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO69 UT WOS:000287579501072 ER PT S AU Jenkins, PP Walters, RJ Gonzalez, M Warner, JH Lorentzen, JR Flatico, JM Greer, LC Krasowski, MJ AF Jenkins, Phillip P. Walters, Robert J. Gonzalez, Maria Warner, Jeffrey H. Lorentzen, Justin R. Flatico, Joseph. M. Greer, Lawrence C. Krasowski, Michael J. GP IEEE TI INITIAL RESULTS FROM THE SECOND FORWARD TECHNOLOGY SOLAR CELL EXPERIMENT SO 35TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 20-25, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Solar Energy Industries Assoc AB The success of the first Forward Technology Solar Cell Experiment (FTSCE) which flew as part of the 5th Materials on the International Space Station Experiments (MISSE-5) [1,2,3], led to a follow on experiment, FTSCE II. This experiment is currently operating on the International Space Station (ISS) as part of MISSE7. Solar cells are characterized with I-V curves. The test cells include current and next generation triple-junction production cells from Emcore and Spectrolab as well as advanced inverted metamorphic (IMM) and other thin film III-V cells from Emcore, Spectrolab and MicroLink Devices, Inc. Other thin film technologies include, advanced amorphous silicon concepts from United Solar Ovonic and a Copper Indium Selenide based two-cell string from Dutch Space. In this paper, The FTSCE II experiment is described and current status presented. C1 [Jenkins, Phillip P.; Walters, Robert J.; Warner, Jeffrey H.; Lorentzen, Justin R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jenkins, PP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-5891-2 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2010 BP 1124 EP 1127 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2010.5614728 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO69 UT WOS:000287579501075 ER PT S AU Melinger, JS Lane, P Esenturk, O Heilweil, E AF Melinger, Joseph S. Lane, Paul Esenturk, Okan Heilweil, Edwin GP IEEE TI PHOTO-CARRIER DYNAMICS OF BLENDED AND MULTI-LAYERED FILMS OF ZINC PHTHALOCYANINE AND C-60 MEASURED BY TIME-RESOLVED TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY SO 35TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 20-25, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Solar Energy Industries Assoc AB We present a study of photo-induced carrier dynamics in organic thin films that contain zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and buckminsterfullerene (C-60) investigated by ultrafast time resolved terahertz spectroscopy (TRTS). We compare two classes of films: 1) blend films of ZnPc and C-60 prepared by co-evaporation, and 2) superlattice films from alternating neat layers of ZnPc and C-60, where the individual layer varies in thickness between 2 nm and 40 nm. These films are model structures for the charge generation layers in organic photovoltaics, and their photo-carrier dynamics on a femtosecond to nanosecond timescale is of high interest. Using TRTS, which employs an optical pump pulse and a time delayed terahertz (THz) probe pulse, we find evidence for a short-lived charge transfer state of C-60 that decays within several picoseconds of excitation. Both blend and superlattice films have a long-lived (> 80 picoseconds) THz absorption that is dependent on the structure and composition of the films. The optimum composition for maximum photocarrier generation efficiency is a 1:1 blend of ZnPc and C-60. Amongst the layered films, we find that the photocarrier efficiency increases as the individual layer thickness decreases, with the film having ultrathin alternating 2 nm thick layers exhibiting the strongest THz absorption. A much stronger THz absorption signal was obtained for the 2 nm layered film than for the best blend film. C1 [Melinger, Joseph S.; Lane, Paul] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Melinger, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Esenturk, Okan/0000-0001-6539-4344 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-5891-2 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2010 BP 1616 EP 1620 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2010.5616508 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO69 UT WOS:000287579501180 ER PT S AU Jenkins, PP Trautz, KM Walters, RJ Lorentzen, JR Fisher, JH Horton, R Newlander, CD Davis, JF Seiler, SW Fournier, KB Rekow, V Cho, B Eskenazi, MI AF Jenkins, Phillip P. Trautz, Kelly M. Walters, Robert J. Lorentzen, Justin R. Fisher, Jonathan H. Horton, Richard Newlander, C. David Davis, John F. Seiler, Steven W. Fournier, Kevin B. Rekow, Vern Cho, Benjamin Eskenazi, Michael I. GP IEEE TI NUCLEAR WEAPONS EFFECTS TESTING OF SOLAR CELLS USING THE NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY (NIF) SO 35TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 20-25, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Solar Energy Industries Assoc AB The response of triple junction InGaP2/GaAs/Ge, solar cells to a simulated nuclear weapons threat environment is being analyzed and tested. A series of experiments exposing solar cells to a pulse x-ray source were conducted at the newly opened National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and the OMEGA Laser facility at the University of Rochester. The test samples were 2-cm x 2-cm solar cells mounted on solar array substrates using materials and techniques identical to flight solar arrays. The cell structural response is characterized through visual inspections for exposure-induced cracking. The cell electrical response is characterized through current vs. voltage measurements made under simulated Air Mass Zero As a result of this project, a methodology will be established through which a comprehensive analysis of the weapons response of new solar cell technologies can be performed. C1 [Jenkins, Phillip P.; Trautz, Kelly M.; Walters, Robert J.; Lorentzen, Justin R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jenkins, PP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-5891-2 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2010 AR 002550 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2010.5614573 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO69 UT WOS:000287579502176 ER PT S AU Messenger, SR Trautz, K Walters, RJ Jones, G Hall, J Schuur, J AF Messenger, S. R. Trautz, K. Walters, R. J. Jones, G. Hall, J. Schuur, J. GP IEEE TI LOW ENERGY PROTON IMPLANTATION TECHNIQUES FOR COVERGLASS IRRADIATION QUALIFICATION SO 35TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 20-25, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Solar Energy Industries Assoc ID ION-IMPLANTATION; HYDROGEN; SILICON; BEAMS AB It is demonstrated that the two hydrogen concentration profiles and the associated effects on solar cell coverglass degradation created at equivalent atomic fluences of 7.4x10(15) particles/cm(2) using 30 keV proton (H+) and 60 keV diatomic hydrogen ion (H-2(+)) implantation on solar cell coverglass material are nearly identical. Both Monte Carlo simulation and experimental results support this contention to the level of acceptable experimental error, thereby enabling coverglass radiation testing to be performed using the latter, more cost effective option. C1 [Messenger, S. R.; Trautz, K.; Walters, R. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Messenger, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-5891-2 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2010 AR 002578 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2010.5614673 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO69 UT WOS:000287579502182 ER PT S AU Messenger, SR Warner, JH Trautz, K Uribe, R Walters, RJ AF Messenger, S. R. Warner, J. H. Trautz, K. Uribe, R. Walters, R. J. GP IEEE TI MONTE CARLO ANALYSIS OF THE NEO BEAM ELECTRON BEAM FACILITY SO 35TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 20-25, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Solar Energy Industries Assoc ID DAMAGE AB MCNPX Monte Carlo electron transport analyses are used to characterize the electron beam facility at NEO Beam. C1 [Messenger, S. R.; Warner, J. H.; Trautz, K.; Walters, R. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Messenger, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-5891-2 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2010 AR 002584 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2010.5614558 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO69 UT WOS:000287579502183 ER PT S AU Warner, JH Maximenk, SI Messenger, SR Walters, RJ Ringel, SA Brenner, MR Carlin, AM AF Warner, Jeffrey H. Maximenk, Serguei I. Messenger, Scott R. Walters, Robert J. Ringel, Steven A. Brenner, Mark R. Carlin, Andrew M. GP IEEE TI ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTRON AND PROTON-INDUCED DEFECTS IN P+N GAAS PHOTODIODES: EBIC STUDY SO 35TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 20-25, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Solar Energy Industries Assoc ID BEAM-INDUCED CURRENT; ION IRRADIATION; SPACE AB Electrical changes in p(+)n GaAs photodiodes are monitored using illuminated current-voltage, quantum efficiency and electron beam induced current measurements after irradiation with 1 and 5 MeV electrons and 2 and 225 MeV protons. Electron beam induced micrographs have revealed the presence of localized defects or active recombination centers after irradiation with protons that are not observed after irradiation with electrons. Moreover, the 225 MeV protons clearly produce defects that are more electrically active compared with those produced by 2 MeV protons, but the implications deduced from the images can be deceiving when compared with the photovoltaic response of the photodiode. C1 [Warner, Jeffrey H.; Messenger, Scott R.; Walters, Robert J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Maximenk, Serguei I.] Global Def Technol & Syst Inc, Crofton, MD USA. [Ringel, Steven A.; Brenner, Mark R.; Carlin, Andrew M.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Warner, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-5891-2 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2010 AR UNSP 002646 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2010.5617203 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO69 UT WOS:000287579502195 ER PT J AU Chernyavskiy, IA Vlasov, AN Antonsen, TM Chernin, D Levush, B Hyttinen, M Roitman, A Horoyski, P Dobbs, R Berry, D AF Chernyavskiy, Igor A. Vlasov, Alexander N. Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr. Chernin, David Levush, Baruch Hyttinen, Mark Roitman, Albert Horoyski, Peter Dobbs, Richard Berry, Dave GP IEEE TI Modeling of a G-band Extended Interaction Klystron Using the Large-Signal Code TESLA SO 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 05-10, 2010 CL Rome, ITALY ID SIMULATION AB The large-signal code TESLA (Telegraphist's Equations Solution for Linear beam Amplifiers) was originally developed for the analysis and design of klystrons. It has now been applied to the simulation of an extended interaction klystron (EIK) for the first time. Results for the power transfer curve and bandwidth curves computed for a G-band EIK compare well to their measured values. TESLA obtains these results almost on the two orders of magnitude faster than a 3D particle-in-cell simulation code. C1 [Chernyavskiy, Igor A.; Chernin, David] SAIC, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Vlasov, Alexander N.; Levush, Baruch] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hyttinen, Mark; Roitman, Albert; Horoyski, Peter; Dobbs, Richard; Berry, Dave] CPI, Georgetown, ON, Canada. RP Chernyavskiy, IA (reprint author), SAIC, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [HR0011-09-C-0063] FX We wish to thank Dr. K.N. Nguyen for useful discussions.This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under contract HR0011-09-C-0063. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this article/presentation are those of the author/presenter and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or the Department of Defense. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6657-3 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTU73 UT WOS:000288130600372 ER PT J AU Dobbs, R Roitman, A Horoyski, P Hyttinen, M Sweeney, D Steer, B Khanh, N Wright, E Chernin, D Burke, A Calame, J Levush, B Barker, NS Booske, J Blank, M AF Dobbs, Richard Roitman, Albert Horoyski, Peter Hyttinen, Mark Sweeney, Dan Steer, Brian Khanh Nguyen Wright, Edward Chernin, David Burke, Alex Calame, Jeffrey Levush, Baruch Barker, N. Scott Booske, John Blank, Monica GP IEEE TI Design and Fabrication of Terahertz Extended Interaction Klystrons SO 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 05-10, 2010 CL Rome, ITALY AB The development of new terahertz power amplifiers at 0.67, 0.85 and 1.03 THz presents significant challenges in both design and fabrication. This paper describes the design challenges and methodology, an outline design of the new device and an analysis of fabrication techniques considered. C1 [Dobbs, Richard; Roitman, Albert; Horoyski, Peter; Hyttinen, Mark; Sweeney, Dan; Steer, Brian] Commun & Power Ind Canada Inc, Georgetown, ON L7G 2J4, Canada. [Chernin, David; Burke, Alex] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Khanh Nguyen; Wright, Edward] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Calame, Jeffrey; Levush, Baruch] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Barker, N. Scott] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Booske, John] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715 USA. [Blank, Monica] Commun & Power Ind, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Dobbs, R (reprint author), Commun & Power Ind Canada Inc, Georgetown, ON L7G 2J4, Canada. FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Microsystems Technology Office (MTO); DARPA/CMO [HR0011-09-C-0063] FX This work is sponsored by: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Microsystems Technology Office (MTO);Program: Terahertz Electronics (THz); Issued by DARPA/CMO under Contract No: HR0011-09-C-0063 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6657-3 PY 2010 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTU73 UT WOS:000288130600370 ER PT J AU Joye, CD Calame, JP Garven, M Park, D Bass, R Levush, B AF Joye, Colin D. Calame, Jeffrey P. Garven, Morag Park, Doewon Bass, Robert Levush, Baruch GP IEEE TI UV-LIGA and DRIE Grating Microfabrication and Testing for Sheet Beam Amplifiers at 220 GHz SO 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 05-10, 2010 CL Rome, ITALY AB Slow-wave sheet beam amplifiers are under development at NRL to demonstrate 50 watts CW at 220 GHz. We report on the microfabrication of amplifier gratings based on Ultraviolet Lithography (UV-LIGA) techniques using the SU-8 Photoresist for thick films. Deep Reactive Ion etching (DRIE) has also been investigated for grating circuits. An improved cold test fixture is being developed for the cold test process. C1 [Joye, Colin D.; Calame, Jeffrey P.; Park, Doewon; Bass, Robert; Levush, Baruch] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Garven, Morag] SAIC, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Joye, CD (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This work is sponsored by the U.S. Office of Naval Research NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6657-3 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTU73 UT WOS:000288130600558 ER PT J AU Mruk, JR Zhou, HY Levitt, H Filipovic, D AF Mruk, Joseph R. Zhou, Hongyu Levitt, Hal Filipovic, Dejan GP IEEE TI Dual Wideband Monolithically Integrated Millimeter-Wave Passive Front-End Sub-Systems SO 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 05-10, 2010 CL Rome, ITALY AB Recent advances in micromachining have enabled the development of wideband millimeter-wave antennas with integrated beamformers presented in this paper. A combination of two radiators, both having consistent radiation patterns, is used to cover K-through W-band frequencies. Two planar log-periodic antennas are monolithically integrated with respective multi-stage micro-coaxial impedance transformers and filters to instantaneously cover K through Q-band and V through W-band with high rejection at the cross-over frequency. The low-band antenna uses a low-pass filter having a maximum insertion loss of 1.5dB at 50GHz. The band-pass filter of the high-band antenna achieves insertion loss < 1dB for the pass-band with very deep rejection outside the pass-band. In addition, an end-fire log-periodic antenna operating in the higher band is also designed and integrated with the band-pass filter. VSWR of the end-fire log-periodic antenna with integrated band-pass filter is shown to be < 2:1. A prototype 18 to 110GHz planar log-periodic antenna is fabricated and measured to demonstrate the validity of the computational models. C1 [Mruk, Joseph R.; Zhou, Hongyu; Filipovic, Dejan] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Levitt, Hal] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mruk, JR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU ONR [N000140711161]; NRL/ATI [S10-007] FX We would like to thank James Murphy, Michael Hooper and David Lehr of the Tactical SIGINT Technology (TST) program, and Dr. Peter Craig of ONR 31 for their essential support. This work was supported by the ONR grant #N000140711161, and NRL/ATI contract #S10-007. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6657-3 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTU73 UT WOS:000288130600510 ER PT J AU Penano, J Sprangle, P Gordon, D Hafizi, B Zigler, A AF Penano, Joseph Sprangle, Phillip Gordon, Daniel Hafizi, Bahman Zigler, Arie GP IEEE TI THz Generation in a Photo-Activated Periodically-Biased Semiconductor SO 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 05-10, 2010 CL Rome, ITALY AB A high-intensity short laser pulse, propagating obliquely to the surface of a periodically biased semiconductor array can photo-ionize the medium and generate a periodic current density. The transient current density can be a source of THz radiation over a wide frequency range. C1 [Penano, Joseph; Sprangle, Phillip; Gordon, Daniel] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hafizi, Bahman; Zigler, Arie] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Penano, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6657-3 PY 2010 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTU73 UT WOS:000288130600015 ER PT J AU Sprangle, P Penano, J Gordon, D Hafizi, B Serafim, P AF Sprangle, Phillip Penano, Joseph Gordon, Daniel Hafizi, Bahman Serafim, Philip GP IEEE TI THz GENERATION IN PLASMAS USING TWO-COLOR LASER PULSES SO 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 05-10, 2010 CL Rome, ITALY AB We analyze the generation of THz radiation when an intense, short laser pulse is mixed with its frequency-doubled counterpart in plasma. We use the THz driving current to determine the electromagnetic field characteristics such as spectral intensity, electric field amplitude and directionality. C1 [Sprangle, Phillip; Penano, Joseph; Gordon, Daniel] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hafizi, Bahman] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. [Serafim, Philip] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Sprangle, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6657-3 PY 2010 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTU73 UT WOS:000288130600076 ER PT S AU Nagayama, S Sasao, T Butler, JT AF Nagayama, Shinobu Sasao, Tsutomu Butler, Jon T. GP IEEE TI Floating-Point Numeric Function Generators Based on Piecewise-Split EVMDDs SO 40TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MULTIPLE-VALUED LOGIC ISMVL 2010 SE International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic (ISMVL) CY MAY 26-28, 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE Comp Soc ID ELEMENTARY-FUNCTIONS AB This paper proposes a new architecture for memory-based floating-point numeric function generators (NFGs). The design method uses piecewise-split edge-valued multi-valued decision diagrams (EVMDDs). To design NFGs with less memory size, we partition the domain of the floating-point function into segments, and represent the function using an EVMDD for each segment. By realizing each EVMDD with hardware, we obtain the floating-point NFG. This paper also presents an algorithm that partitions the domain by decomposing the edge-valued binary decision diagram (EVBDD) representing the whole floating-point function. Experimental results show that, for a single-precision floating-point function, our new NFG requires 40% to 65% less memory than any previous one. An advantage of our algorithm is that it can be applied to many different functions. C1 [Nagayama, Shinobu] Hiroshima City Univ, Dept Comp & Network Eng, Hiroshima, Japan. [Sasao, Tsutomu] Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan. [Butler, Jon T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Nagayama, S (reprint author), Hiroshima City Univ, Dept Comp & Network Eng, Hiroshima, Japan. RI Sasao, Tsutomu/E-9702-2012 FU Scientific Research of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) [200700051]; Hiroshima City University Grant for Special Academic Research [8108] FX This research is partly supported by the Grant in Aid for Scientific Research of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), funds from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) via Knowledge Cluster Project, the MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B), 200700051, 2009, and Hiroshima City University Grant for Special Academic Research (General Studies), 8108, 2009. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0195-623X BN 978-0-7695-4024-5 J9 INT SYM MVL PY 2010 BP 223 EP 228 DI 10.1109/ISMVL.2010.49 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BTO58 UT WOS:000287530100040 ER PT S AU Walker, TO Tummala, M McEachen, J AF Walker, T. Owens, III Tummala, Murali McEachen, John GP IEEE TI Energy Efficiency of Centralized and Distributed Computation in Unattended Multi-hop Wireless Sensor Networks for Battlefield Monitoring SO 43RD HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS SCIENCES VOLS 1-5 (HICSS 2010) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences (HICSS 2010) CY JAN 05-08, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business AB The energy efficiency trade-offs available between centralized and distributed solutions in unattended wireless sensor network deployments such as those that support remote battlefield monitoring remain an open research question. In this paper, we compare the relative energy efficiency of these two approaches in multi-hop wireless sensor networks. We develop a framework that includes both total and per node energy efficiency expressions and apply it to the beamforming class of unattended battlefield monitoring solutions using Mica2, MicaZ and the latest generation Telos sensor motes. A performance threshold is shown to exist between these approaches which can be exploited through the use of preamble sampling. C1 [Walker, T. Owens, III; Tummala, Murali; McEachen, John] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Walker, TO (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM towalker@nps.edu; mtummala@nps.edu; mceachen@nps.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-1-4244-5509-6 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2010 BP 4609 EP 4617 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BRD18 UT WOS:000282391803095 ER PT S AU Lin, H Ross, M Mack, T AF Lin, Han Ross, Michael Mack, Thomas BA Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD BF Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD GP IEEE TI Design of a Physical Security Perimeter Fencing System SO 44TH ANNUAL 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY SE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual 2010 IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 05-08, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, Chung Shan Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, Natl Cent Univ, Senstar, IEEE Aerosp Elect Syst Soc, Sandia Natl Labs DE Intrusion Detection; Physical Security; Perimeter AB Design of a physical security perimeter fencing system requires that security designers provide effective detection, delay, and response functionalities with minimal nuisance alarms. In addition, the designers must take into considerations the security fence system life cycle cost (equipment and grounds maintenance), complexity of the terrain, safety, and environmental conditions (location of where the security fence will be installed). Often, these factors drive the security designers to design a perimeter intrusion detection and assessment system (PIDAS) that includes: 1) larger than desired footprint, 2) one or more animal control fences to minimize the nuisance alarm rate (NAR), and 3) clear zones and an isolation zone to facilitate intrusion detection and assessment by keeping the fence lines clear of vegetation, trash, and other objects that could impede the security system's performance. This paper presents a two-tier PIDAS design that focuses on effective performance specifically in high probability of detection and low NAR that minimizes cost and the footprint of the system. C1 [Lin, Han; Ross, Michael; Mack, Thomas] USN, Phys Secur Dept, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Lin, H (reprint author), USN, Phys Secur Dept, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. EM hwlin@sandia.gov; mpross@sandia.gov; tkmack@sandia.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1071-6572 BN 978-1-4244-7400-4 J9 INT CARN CONF SECU PY 2010 BP 205 EP 210 DI 10.1109/CCST.2010.5678719 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTO44 UT WOS:000287496000030 ER PT S AU Craparo, EM AF Craparo, E. M. GP IEEE TI Constrained Node Placement and Assignment in Mobile Backbone Networks SO 49TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) CY DEC 15-17, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE ID POWER-CONTROL; CELLULAR NETWORKS; ALGORITHM AB This paper describes new algorithms for mobile backbone network optimization. In this hierarchical communication framework, mobile backbone nodes (MBNs) are deployed to provide communication support for regular nodes (RNs). While previous work has assumed that MBNs are unconstrained in position, this work models constraints in MBN location. This paper develops an exact technique for maximizing the number of RNs that achieve a threshold throughput level, as well as a polynomial-time approximation algorithm for this problem. The approximation algorithm carries a performance guarantee of 1/2, and we demonstrate that this guarantee is tight in some problem instances. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Craparo, EM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM emcrapar@nps.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0191-2216 BN 978-1-4244-7746-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2010 BP 986 EP 991 DI 10.1109/CDC.2010.5717335 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWV28 UT WOS:000295049101039 ER PT S AU Li, ZY Hovakimyan, N Dobrokhodov, V Kaminer, I AF Li, Zhiyuan Hovakimyan, Naira Dobrokhodov, Vladimir Kaminer, Isaac GP IEEE TI Vision-based Target Tracking and Motion Estimation Using a Small UAV SO 49TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) CY DEC 15-17, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE ID VEHICLES AB This work extends the earlier results on passive vision-based tracking and motion estimation of a ground vehicle. The follower small unmanned air vehicle (UAV) is equipped with a single gimbaled pan/tilt camera and a high bandwidth wireless link for video and command transmitting. The objective is for the UAV to maintain a horizontal circular orbit about the target with a predefined radius and to concurrently provide real-time estimation of the target's position, speed and heading. The target velocity estimation problem is formulated such that the recently developed L-1 fast adaptive estimator can be applied. We give a rigorous proof of asymptotic stability for the guidance law for the static target case, and provide a reformulation of the control objective for the moving target case so that the existing controller can be applied naturally. C1 [Li, Zhiyuan; Hovakimyan, Naira] UIUC, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Dobrokhodov, Vladimir; Kaminer, Isaac] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Austronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Li, ZY (reprint author), UIUC, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM li64@illniois.edu; nhovakim@illniois.edu; vldobr@nps.edu; kaminer@nps.edu RI Dobrokhodov, Vladimir/C-3443-2009 FU AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0265]; ONR [N0001408WR20287] FX Research is supported by AFOSR under Contract No. FA9550-09-1-0265 and ONR under grant No. N0001408WR20287. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-7746-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2010 BP 2505 EP 2510 DI 10.1109/CDC.2010.5718149 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWV28 UT WOS:000295049102138 ER PT S AU Justh, EW Krishnaprasad, PS AF Justh, E. W. Krishnaprasad, P. S. GP IEEE TI Extremal Collective Behavior SO 49TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) CY DEC 15-17, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE ID MOTION CAMOUFLAGE; STEERING LAWS AB Curves and natural frames can be used for describing and controlling motion in both biological and engineering contexts (e. g., pursuit and formation control). The geometry of curves and frames leads naturally to a Lie group formulation where coordinated motion is represented by interacting particles on Lie groups - specifically, SE(2) or SE(3). Here we consider a particular type of optimal control problem in which the interactions between particles arise from a cost function dependent on each particle's steering, and which penalizes steering differences between the particles (expressed via the graph Laplacian). With this choice of cost function, we are able to perform Lie-Poisson reduction. Furthermore, we are able to derive a closed-form expression (using Jacobi elliptic functions) for certain special solutions of the coupled multi-particle problem on SE(2). C1 [Justh, E. W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Krishnaprasad, P. S.] Univ Maryland, Inst Sys Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Krishnaprasad, P. S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Justh, EW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM krishna@umd.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR [FA9550710446, FA95501010250]; Army Research Office under ARO [W911NF0610325]; ODDR&E through the Office of Naval Research [N000140710734]; Office of Naval Research FX This research was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR grants FA9550710446 and FA95501010250; the Army Research Office under ARO grant W911NF0610325; by the ODDR&E MURI2007 Program Grant N000140710734 (through the Office of Naval Research); and by the Office of Naval Research NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-7746-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2010 BP 5432 EP 5437 DI 10.1109/CDC.2010.5717300 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWV28 UT WOS:000295049106032 ER PT S AU Park, C Ross, IM Gong, Q Yan, H AF Park, Chandeok Ross, I. Michael Gong, Qi Yan, Hui GP IEEE TI Necessary Conditions for Singular Arcs for General Restricted Multi-Body Problem SO 49TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) CY DEC 15-17, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE ID INTERMEDIATE-THRUST ARCS; ROCKET TRAJECTORIES; PSEUDOSPECTRAL METHOD; EXTREMALS; OPTIMALITY; FIELD AB We analyze the optimality of intermediate thrust arcs (singular arcs) of a rocket trajectory subject to multiple gravitational bodies in the restricted multi-body problem. We derive a series of necessary conditions for optimality including the generalized Legendre-Clebsch condition, and an explicit formula for the singular optimal control law. Our derivations become identical to Lawden's classical result if the equations of motion are reduced for a central gravity field. As a means to illustrate the practical nature of our results, we apply them to a Moon-Earth transfer problem and show that the extremal solution is bang-singular-bang. C1 [Park, Chandeok] USN, Control & Optimizat Labs, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ross, I. Michael] USN, Mech & Astronaut Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Gong, Qi; Yan, Hui] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Park, C (reprint author), USN, Control & Optimizat Labs, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM cpar1@nps.edu; imross@nps.edu; qigong@soe.ucsc.edu; hyan@soe.ucsc.edu NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-7746-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2010 BP 5816 EP 5821 DI 10.1109/CDC.2010.5717305 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWV28 UT WOS:000295049106094 ER PT S AU Hunt, T Krener, AJ AF Hunt, Thomas Krener, Arthur J. GP IEEE TI Improved Patchy Solution to the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Equations SO 49TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) CY DEC 15-17, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE AB We test a new patch type for the patchy approximate solution to the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations, and we see an improvement in the worst relative error on a nonlinear test problem. C1 [Hunt, Thomas] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Math, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Krener, Arthur J.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math Appl, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hunt, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Math, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM hunttw@math.ucdavis.edu; ajkrener@nps.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-7746-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2010 BP 5835 EP 5839 DI 10.1109/CDC.2010.5717875 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWV28 UT WOS:000295049106097 ER PT S AU Galloway, KS Justh, EW Krishnaprasad, PS AF Galloway, K. S. Justh, E. W. Krishnaprasad, P. S. GP IEEE TI Cyclic pursuit in three dimensions SO 49TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) CY DEC 15-17, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE ID FLIGHT; PATHS AB Pursuit strategies for interacting particles and feedback laws to execute them are formulated in three dimensions, focusing on constant bearing (CB) pursuit - a case of interest in biology. In the analysis of such laws for the setting of n particles engaged in cyclic pursuit, we reveal interesting invariant manifold dynamics and associated explicit integrability properties, as well as conditions for special solutions such as relative equilibria. C1 [Galloway, K. S.; Krishnaprasad, P. S.] Univ Maryland, Inst Syst Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Galloway, K. S.; Krishnaprasad, P. S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Justh, E. W.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Galloway, KS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Syst Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kgallow1@umd.edu; krishna@umd.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR [FA9550710446, FA95501010250]; Army Research Office under ARO [W911NF0610325]; ODDRE MURI Program [N000140710734]; NSF-NIH Collaborative Research in Computational Neuroscience Program NIH-NIBIB [R01 EB004750-01]; Office of Naval Research FX This research was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR grants FA9550710446 and FA95501010250; by the Army Research Office under ARO grant W911NF0610325; by the ODDR&E MURI2007 Program Grant N000140710734 (through the Office of Naval Research); by the NSF-NIH Collaborative Research in Computational Neuroscience Program (CRCNS2004) NIH-NIBIB grant 1 R01 EB004750-01; and by the Office of Naval Research. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-7746-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2010 BP 7141 EP 7146 DI 10.1109/CDC.2010.5717459 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWV28 UT WOS:000295049108017 ER PT B AU Owens, MT AF Owens, Mackubin Thomas BE Billings, R Williams, FJ TI Abraham Lincoln as Practical Constitutional Lawyer SO ABRAHAM LINCOLN, ESQ.: THE LEGAL CAREER OF AMERICA'S GREATEST PRESIDENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Owens, MT (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-2609-8 PY 2010 BP 205 EP 227 PG 23 WC History SC History GA BXS71 UT WOS:000296908900012 ER PT B AU Giuliani, JR Kilcoyne, KG Rue, JPH AF Giuliani, Jeffrey R. Kilcoyne, Kelly G. Rue, John-Paul H. BE Bach, BR Provencher, MT TI ANATOMY IMPORTANT FOR SUCCESSFUL ACL RECONSTRUCTION SO ACL SURGERY: HOW TO GET IT RIGHT THE FIRST TIME AND WHAT TO DO IF IT FAILS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; FEMORAL TUNNEL PLACEMENT; IN-SITU FORCES; PATELLAR TENDON; POSTEROLATERAL BUNDLES; CORONAL PLANE; TIBIAL TUNNEL; SINGLE-BUNDLE; INTERCONDYLAR NOTCH; GRAFTS C1 [Giuliani, Jeffrey R.; Kilcoyne, Kelly G.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Rue, John-Paul H.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Giuliani, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-895-1 PY 2010 BP 9 EP 17 PG 9 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA BPE41 UT WOS:000278696100002 ER PT B AU Covey, DC Solomon, DJ AF Covey, Dana C. Solomon, Daniel J. BE Bach, BR Provencher, MT TI SURGICAL STRATEGIES FOR ACUTE COMBINED INJURY Posterolateral Corner and ACL: How to Manage the Posterolateral Injury SO ACL SURGERY: HOW TO GET IT RIGHT THE FIRST TIME AND WHAT TO DO IF IT FAILS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; FIBULAR COLLATERAL LIGAMENT; KNEE COMPLEX INJURIES; POPLITEOFIBULAR LIGAMENT; BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS; ROTATORY INSTABILITY; POPLITEUS TENDON; DRAWER TEST; RECONSTRUCTION; DISLOCATION C1 [Covey, Dana C.; Solomon, Daniel J.] USN, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Covey, DC (reprint author), USN, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-895-1 PY 2010 BP 151 EP 158 PG 8 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA BPE41 UT WOS:000278696100014 ER PT B AU Battaglia, MJ Provencher, MT AF Battaglia, Michael J. Provencher, Matthew T. BE Bach, BR Provencher, MT TI ACUTE MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT INJURIES Management and Considerations With ACL Injury SO ACL SURGERY: HOW TO GET IT RIGHT THE FIRST TIME AND WHAT TO DO IF IT FAILS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; POSTERIOR OBLIQUE LIGAMENT; NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT; SURGICAL TREATMENT; COMPLETE TEARS; KNEE; RECONSTRUCTION; RUPTURE C1 [Battaglia, Michael J.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Provencher, Matthew T.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, San Diego, CA USA. [Provencher, Matthew T.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Battaglia, MJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-895-1 PY 2010 BP 159 EP 163 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA BPE41 UT WOS:000278696100015 ER PT B AU Provencher, MT Lanzi, J Rose, M Solomon, DJ AF Provencher, Matthew T. Lanzi, Joseph Rose, Matthew Solomon, Daniel J. BE Bach, BR Provencher, MT TI MANAGEMENT OF COMBINED MENISCAL AND ACL INSUFFICIENCY AFTER RECONSTRUCTION The Role of Meniscal Transplant SO ACL SURGERY: HOW TO GET IT RIGHT THE FIRST TIME AND WHAT TO DO IF IT FAILS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; ALLOGRAFT TRANSPLANTATION; FOLLOW-UP; TIBIAL PLATEAU; KNEE; MENISCECTOMY; GRAFT; STABILITY C1 [Provencher, Matthew T.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, San Diego, CA USA. [Rose, Matthew; Solomon, Daniel J.] USN, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Lanzi, Joseph] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Provencher, MT (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, San Diego, CA USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-895-1 PY 2010 BP 297 EP 310 PG 14 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA BPE41 UT WOS:000278696100029 ER PT B AU Provencher, MT Ganal, EA Coseo, M AF Provencher, Matthew T. Ganal, Edmund A. Coseo, Mark BE Bach, BR Provencher, MT TI ACL REVISION CASES SO ACL SURGERY: HOW TO GET IT RIGHT THE FIRST TIME AND WHAT TO DO IF IT FAILS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Provencher, Matthew T.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, San Diego, CA USA. [Coseo, Mark] USN, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Provencher, MT (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-895-1 PY 2010 BP 369 EP 383 PG 15 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA BPE41 UT WOS:000278696100035 ER PT J AU Prasuhn, DE Blanco-Canosa, JB Vora, GJ Delehanty, JB Susumu, K Mei, BC Dawson, PE Medintz, IL AF Prasuhn, Duane E. Blanco-Canosa, Juan B. Vora, Gary J. Delehanty, James B. Susumu, Kimihiro Mei, Bing C. Dawson, Philip E. Medintz, Igor L. TI Combining Chemoselective Ligation with Polyhistidine-Driven Self-Assembly for the Modular Display of Biomolecules on Quantum Dots SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE quantum dot; nanocrystal; peptide; DNA; chemoselective ligation; bioconjugation; hybridization; cellular delivery; polyhistidine; self-assembly ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; INTRACELLULAR DELIVERY; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; PEPTIDE; PROTEIN; STABILITY; LIGANDS; SEMICONDUCTOR; NANOCRYSTALS; CDSE AB One of the principle hurdles to wider incorporation of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) in biology is the lack of facile linkage chemistries to create different types of functional QD-bioconjugates. A two-step modular strategy for the presentation of biomolecules on CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs is described here which utilizes a chemoselective, aniline-catalyzed hydrazone coupling chemistry to append hexahistidine sequences onto peptides and DNA. This specifically provides them the ability to ratiometrically self-assemble to hydrophilic QDs. The versatility of this labeling approach was highlighted by ligating proteolytic substrate peptides, an oligoarginine cell-penetrating peptide, or a DNA-probe to cognate hexahistidine peptidyl sequences. The modularity allowed subsequently self-assembled QD constructs to engage in different types of targeted bioassays. The self-assembly and photophysical properties of individual CID conjugates were first confirmed by gel electrophoresis and Forster resonance energy transfer analysis. OD-dye-labeled peptide conjugates were then used as biosensors to quantitatively monitor the proteolytic activity of caspase-3 or elastase enzymes from different species. These sensors allowed the determination of the corresponding kinetic parameters, including the Michaelis constant (K-M) and the maximum proteolytic activity (V-max). QDs decorated with cell-penetrating peptides were shown to be successfully internalized by HEK 293T/17 cells, while nanocrystals displaying peptide-DNA conjugates were utilized as fluorescent probes in hybridization microarray assays. This modular approach for displaying peptides or DNA on QDs may be extended to other more complex biomolecules such as proteins or utilized, with different types of nanoparticle materials. C1 [Prasuhn, Duane E.; Vora, Gary J.; Delehanty, James B.; Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro; Mei, Bing C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil OI Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597 FU CB Directorate/Physical S&T Division DTRA/ARO; ONR; NRL; NRL-NSI; American Society for Engineering Education Fellowship through the Naval Research Laboratory; Marie Curie Foundation; NIH [GM059380] FX The authors acknowledge the CB Directorate/Physical S&T Division DTRA/ARO, ONR, NRL, and the NRL-NSI for financial support, D. Prasuhn is supported by an American Society for Engineering Education Fellowship through the Naval Research Laboratory. J.B. Blanco-Canosa gratefully acknowledges the Marie Curie Foundation for a postdoctoral fellowship. P. Dawson acknowledges NIH grant GM059380 and is a consultant for Solulink Inc, San Diego, CA. NR 52 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 6 U2 61 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JAN PY 2010 VL 4 IS 1 BP 267 EP 278 DI 10.1021/nn901393v PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 547CP UT WOS:000273863400035 PM 20099912 ER PT S AU Duperre, JA Gilbreath, GC Font, CO Bajramaj, B Hidalgo, JS AF Duperre, Joseph A., III Gilbreath, G. Charmaine Font, Carlos O. Bajramaj, Blerta Hidalgo, J. Sebastian BE Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI FM-MRR Analog Audio Transmission through a Scintillated Channel SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Signatures CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Modulating retroreflector; free space optical communications; scintillation; analog modulation AB In this work, a free-space infrared communications system is described. The system has the capability of using previously captured scintillation data and introducing the effects onto the bench-top system. This effectively acts as a scintillation simulator which emulates an optical link that is effected by the weather and various physical conditions at the time of transmission. The method used for scintillation simulation is described. The transmission method of the system is a hybrid combination of traditional frequency modulation (FM) and optical amplitude modulation (OAM) combined with Multiple Quantum Well (MQW) Modulating Retroreflector (MRR) technology. The result has produced a robust, low power system that is capable of transmitting real-time audio information with high clarity along a channel that accurately simulates the atmospheric effects of scintillation. The system is capable of transmitting along a link of several kilometers, depending specifically on the characteristics of the interrogator and sensor components chosen for the system. C1 [Duperre, Joseph A., III; Gilbreath, G. Charmaine; Font, Carlos O.; Bajramaj, Blerta; Hidalgo, J. Sebastian] USN, Res Lab, Freespace Photon Commun Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Duperre, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Freespace Photon Commun Off, Code 5505, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joseph.duperre@nrl.navy.mil; carlos.font@nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8151-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7687 AR 76870P DI 10.1117/12.855449 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BSQ81 UT WOS:000285499700018 ER PT S AU Grun, J Bowles, J Gillis, D Kunapareddy, P Lunsford, R Manka, CK Nikitin, S Wang, Z AF Grun, Jacob Bowles, Jeffrey Gillis, David Kunapareddy, Pratima Lunsford, Robert Manka, Charles K. Nikitin, Sergei Wang, Zheng BE Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Tunable-multi-wavelength resonance-Raman detection of bacteria and chemicals in complex environments SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Signatures CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE resonance-Raman; resonance; Raman; Multi wavelength; detection; signatures ID IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; FILTER AB We are developing tunable-multi-wavelength resonance-Raman spectroscopy and algorithms to enable rapid detection and identification of bacteria and chemicals in complex environments. The system, dubbed SWOrRD, is capable of illuminating a sample containing many chemicals or biological agents with a sequence of laser wavelengths between 210nm and 2000nm; a range which encompasses the resonant frequencies of cells, microorganisms, cellular metabolites, and many chemicals; and measures the resonance-Raman spectra of light scattered from the sample at each laser wavelength. These multiple spectra, which contain much more information about the bond structure that is contained in a single spectrum, are analyzed by a linear-mixture algorithm, based on NRL's ORASIS, to determine the chemical and bacteriological constituents of the sample. The current status of the research will be described. C1 [Grun, Jacob] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Grun, J (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jacob.Grun@NRL.NAVY.MIL RI Nikitin, Sergei/A-7156-2012 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8151-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7687 AR 768706 DI 10.1117/12.863209 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BSQ81 UT WOS:000285499700004 ER PT S AU Hamlington, PE Oran, ES AF Hamlington, Peter E. Oran, Elaine S. BE Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Signatures of Turbulence in Atmospheric Laser Propagation SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Signatures CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Atmospheric Turbulence; Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence; Laser Propagation; Scintillation ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; SPECTRUM; TEMPERATURE; KOLMOGOROV; FLUID; MODEL; FLOW AB The signatures of turbulence in atmospheric laser propagation are examined, with a particular focus on the effects of non-Kolmogorov turbulence on laser scintillation and phase fluctuations. Non-Kolmogorov properties of the atmospheric index-of-refraction spectrum are outlined, and it is shown that it may be possible to reproduce these features through broadband power-law forcing of the velocity and temperature fields in turbulent flows. Numerical simulations of homogeneous isotropic turbulence subjected to power-law forcing are used to motivate a spectral model for the kinetic energy, which is then extended to address power-law forcing of passive scalars such as the temperature. A modeled non-Kolmogorov index-of-refraction spectrum for power-law forced turbulence is proposed, where the model spectrum consists of standard Kolmogorov and forcing-dominated contributions. This form could reproduce the experimentally observed signatures of atmospheric turbulence on laser propagation and it may provide insights into the origins of non-Kolmogorov turbulence in the atmosphere. C1 [Hamlington, Peter E.; Oran, Elaine S.] USN, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hamlington, PE (reprint author), USN, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM peterh@lcp.nrl.navy.mil NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8151-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7687 AR 76870M DI 10.1117/12.855447 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BSQ81 UT WOS:000285499700017 ER PT S AU Pipitone, F AF Pipitone, Frank BE Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Manifold Learning for Compression and Generalization of Euclidean Invariant Signatures of Surface Shapes SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Signatures CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE object recognition; detection; range images; Euclidean invariants; generic shape recognition; tripod operators; UXO identification; EOD AB We introduce an approach to the efficient recognition of families of surface shapes in range images. This builds upon earlier work on Tripod Operators (TOs), a method for extracting small sets of N points from 3D surface data in a canonical way such that coordinate independent shape descriptions can be efficiently generated and compared. Using TOs, a specific surface shape generates a signature which is a manifold of dimension <= 3 in a feature space of dimension d = N - 3. A runtime application of a TO on surface data generates a d-vector whose distance from the signature manifold is closely related to the likelihood of a match. Ordnance identification is a motivating application. In order to use TOs for recognizing objects from large sets of known shapes, and families of shapes, we introduce the use of manifold learning to represent the signature manifolds with piecewise analytic descriptions instead of discrete point sets. We consider the example of generalizing the signatures of several artillery shells which are qualitatively the same in shape, but metrically different. This can yield a signature that is only slightly more complex than the originals, but enables efficient recognition of a continuous family of shapes. C1 [Pipitone, Frank] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pipitone, F (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8151-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7687 AR 768702 DI 10.1117/12.855434 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BSQ81 UT WOS:000285499700001 ER PT S AU Ramsey, SA Peak, J Setlik, B AF Ramsey, Scott A. Peak, Joseph Setlik, Brian BE Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Technical assessment of low light color camera technology SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Signatures CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Low light color camera; night vision; true color night vision; image intensifier; camouflage BDU AB In nighttime overcast conditions with a new moon (near-total darkness), typical light levels may only reach 10(-2)-10(-4) lux. As such, standard CCD/CMOS video cameras have insufficient sensitivity to capture useful images. Third generation night vision cameras (Gen III NV) are the state-of-the-art in terms of imaging clarity and resolution at this light level, but rely on green or green/yellow phosphors to produce monochromatic images while true color information is lost. More recently, low-light color video cameras have become commercially available which are purportedly able to produce true-color images at rates of 15-30 frames per second (fps) in near-total darkness without loss in clarity. This study determined if the sensitivities of two low-light color video cameras, Toshiba's IK-1000 EMCCD and Opto-Knowledge System's (OKSI) True Color Night Vision (TCNV) cameras are comparable to current Gen II/III NV technology. NRL, in a joint effort with NSWC Carderock Division, quantified the effectiveness of these cameras in terms of objective laboratory characterization and subjective field testing. Laboratory tests included signal-to-noise (S/N), spectral response, and imaging quality at 2, 15, and 30 frames per second (fps). Field tests were performed at 8, 15, and 30 fps to determine clarity and color composition of camouflaged human subjects and stationary objects from a set number of standoff distances under near-total darkness (measured at 10(-8)-10(-10) W/cm(2) sr @ 650nm). Low-light camera video was qualitatively compared to imagery taken by Stanford Photonics Mega-10 Gen III Night Vision Scientific and Tactical Imagers under identical conditions. C1 [Ramsey, Scott A.; Peak, Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ramsey, SA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ramsey@enews.nrl.navy.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8151-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7687 AR 76870H DI 10.1117/12.863211 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BSQ81 UT WOS:000285499700013 ER PT S AU Restaino, SR Martinez, T Andrews, JR Wilcox, CC Santiago, F Payne, DM AF Restaino, Sergio R. Martinez, Ty Andrews, Jonathan R. Wilcox, Christopher C. Santiago, Freddie Payne, Don M. BE Khounsary, AM ODell, SL Restaino, SR TI The Naval Research Laboratory MEM Adaptive Optics Program SO ADAPTIVE X-RAY OPTICS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive X-Ray Optics CY AUG 03-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB The Naval Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI) is the longest baseline interferometer operating at visible wavelengths in the world. The astronomical capabilities of such an instrument are being exploited and recent results will be presented. NPOI is also the largest optical telescope belonging to the US Department of Defense with a maximum baseline of 435 meter has a resolution that is approximately 181 times the resolution attainable by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and 118 times the resolution attainable by the Advanced Electro-Optical System (AEOS). It is also the only optical interferometer capable of recombining up to six apertures simultaneously. The NPOI is a sparse aperture and its sensitivity is limited by the size of the unit aperture, currently that size is 0.5 meters. In order to increase the overall sensitivity of the instrument a program was started to manufacture larger, 1.4 meter, ultra-light telescopes. The lightness of the telescopes requirement is due to the fact that telescopes have to be easily transportable in order to reconfigure the array. For this reason a program was started three years ago to investigate the feasibility of manufacturing Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) telescopes, including the optics. Furthermore, since the unit apertures are now much larger than r(0) there is a need to compensate the aperture with adaptive optics (AO). Since the need for mobility of the telescopes, compact AO systems, based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS), have been developed. This paper will present the status of our adaptive optics system and some of the results attained so far with it. C1 [Restaino, Sergio R.; Martinez, Ty; Andrews, Jonathan R.; Wilcox, Christopher C.; Santiago, Freddie] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7216 3550 Aberdeen SE, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. OI Wilcox, Christopher/0000-0001-5413-1901 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8299-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7803 AR 78030F DI 10.1117/12.862449 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics GA BSU54 UT WOS:000285829000011 ER PT B AU Piotrowski, PL Cannara, RJ Gao, GT Urban, JJ Carpick, RW Harrison, JA AF Piotrowski, Pamela L. Cannara, Rachel J. Gao, Guangtu Urban, Joseph J. Carpick, Robert W. Harrison, Judith A. BE Kim, SH Dugger, MT Mittal, KL TI Atomistic Factors Governing Adhesion between Diamond, Amorphous Carbon and Model Diamond Nanocomposite Surfaces SO ADHESION ASPECTS IN MEMS/NEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Adhesion; diamond; nanocomposite diamond; amorphous carbon; diamond-like carbon; nanotribology; work of adhesion; pull-off force; atomic force microscopy; friction force microscopy; molecular dynamics; ab initio studies; density functional theory ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; FORCE MICROSCOPY; SCALE FRICTION; ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ALKANE MONOLAYERS; CONTACT; FILMS; MEMS AB Complementary atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to determine the work of adhesion for diamond (C)(111)(1x1) and C(001)(2x1) surfaces paired with carbon-based materials. While the works of adhesion from experiments and simulations are in reasonable agreement, some differences were identified. Experimentally, the work of adhesion between an amorphous carbon tip and individual C(001)(2 x 1)-H and C(111)(1 x 1)-H surfaces yielded adhesion values that were larger on the C(001)(2x1)-H surface. The simulations revealed that the average adhesion between self-mated C(001)(2x1) surfaces was smaller than for self-mated C(111)(1x1) contacts. Adhesion was reduced when amorphous carbon counterfaces were paired with both types of diamond surfaces. Pairing model diamond nanocomposite surfaces with the C(111)(1x1)-H sample resulted in even larger reductions in adhesion. These results point to the importance of atomic-scale roughness for adhesion. The simulated adhesion also shows a modest dependence on hydrogen coverage. Density functional theory calculations revealed small, C-H bond dipoles on both diamond samples, with the C(001)(2 x 1)-H surface having the larger dipole, but having a smaller dipole moment per unit area. Thus, charge separation at the surface is another possible source of the difference between the measured and calculated works of adhesion. C1 [Piotrowski, Pamela L.; Gao, Guangtu; Urban, Joseph J.; Harrison, Judith A.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Cannara, Rachel J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Carpick, Robert W.] Univ Penn, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jah@usna.edu NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-9-00-419095-5; 978-90-04-19094-8 PY 2010 BP 135 EP 161 PG 27 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC2WY UT WOS:000351401400009 ER PT S AU Gordon, DF Helle, MH Kaganovich, D Ting, A AF Gordon, D. F. Helle, M. H. Kaganovich, D. Ting, A. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Electro-Optic and Terahertz Diagnostics SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Electro-Optic; Bunch Diagnostics; Ultrashort Pulse ID RADIATION AB Electron bunch diagnostics based on electro-optic sensing of terahertz electric fields are discussed, and recent experimental results are described. A self-consistent simulation model is described which incorporates electro-optic crystals into a fully relativistic, fully electromagnetic, particle-in-cell framework. The model is used to determine the field structure inside an electro-optic crystal as a relativistic electron-bunch passes nearby. The model is also used to examine a novel electro-optic sensing arrangement that utilizes time-frequency analysis to extend the useful bandwidth of the EO crystal. C1 [Gordon, D. F.; Helle, M. H.; Kaganovich, D.; Ting, A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gordon, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 67 EP 75 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200009 ER PT S AU Ting, A Gordon, D Helle, M Kaganovich, D Sprangle, P Hafizi, B AF Ting, A. Gordon, D. Helle, M. Kaganovich, D. Sprangle, P. Hafizi, B. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Plasma Density Tapering for Laser Wakefield Acceleration of Electrons and Protons SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE laser acceleration; wakefield; plasma tapering; proton acceleration; critical density; beat wave AB Extended acceleration in a Laser Wakefield Accelerator can be achieved by tailoring the phase velocity of the accelerating plasma wave, either through profiling of the density of the plasma or direct manipulation of the phase velocity. Laser wakefield acceleration has also reached a maturity that proton acceleration by wakefield could be entertained provided we begin with protons that are substantially relativistic, similar to 1 GeV. Several plasma density tapering schemes are discussed. The first scheme is called "bucket jumping" where the plasma density is abruptly returned to the original density after a conventional tapering to move the accelerating particles to a neighboring wakefield period (bucket). The second scheme is designed to specifically accelerate low energy protons by generating a nonlinear wakefield in a plasma region with close to critical density. The third scheme creates a periodic variation in the phase velocity by beating two intense laser beams with laser frequency difference equal to the plasma frequency. Discussions and case examples with simulations are presented where substantial acceleration of electrons or protons could be obtained. C1 [Ting, A.; Gordon, D.; Kaganovich, D.; Sprangle, P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Helle, M.] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Hafizi, B.] Icarus Res, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Ting, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 FU Department of Energy; Naval Research Laboratory FX Work is supported by the Department of Energy and the Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 Program NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 203 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200031 ER PT S AU Gold, SH Jing, C Kanareykin, A Gai, W Konecny, R Power, JG Kinkead, AK AF Gold, S. H. Jing, C. Kanareykin, A. Gai, W. Konecny, R. Power, J. G. Kinkead, A. K. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Development of X-Band Dielectric-Loaded Accelerating Structures SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Dielectric-loaded accelerators AB This paper presents a progress report on the development and testing of X-band dielectric-loaded accelerating structures. Recent tests on several quartz DLA structures with different inner diameters are reported. Designs for gap-free DLA structures are presented. Also, planned new experiments are discussed, including higher gradient traveling-wave and standing-wave structures and special grooved structures for multipactor suppression. C1 [Gold, S. H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jing, C.; Kanareykin, A.] Euclid Tech Labs, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Jing, C.; Gai, W.; Konecny, R.; Power, J. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kinkead, A. K.] Icarus Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Gold, SH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of High Energy; US Office of Naval Research. FX This work was supported by the Office of High Energy and by the US Office of Naval Research. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 292 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200046 ER PT S AU Kashyn, D Nusinovich, G Antonsen, T Jensen, KL AF Kashyn, Dmytro Nusinovich, Gregory Antonsen, Thomas, Jr. Jensen, Kevin L. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Field, Current and Heat Propagation inside Microprotrusions in High Gradient Structures SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE High-gradient accelerating structures; microprotrusions; ion bombardment ID EMISSION AB This paper presents two simple models describing field distribution inside a microprotrusion on the surface of the accelerating structures. After the distribution of electric field in the protrusion is determined heat propagation equation is solved to calculate temperature rise inside the protrusion. Several materials are studied and the results of heating are presented. C1 [Kashyn, Dmytro; Nusinovich, Gregory; Antonsen, Thomas, Jr.] Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jensen, Kevin L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kashyn, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015; Nusinovich, Gregory/C-1314-2017 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680; Nusinovich, Gregory/0000-0002-8641-5156 FU Office of High Energy Physics of the US Department of Energy FX Thia work is supported by the Office of High Energy Physics of the US Department of Energy. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 387 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200063 ER PT S AU Helle, MH Gordon, DF Kaganovich, D Van Keuren, E Ting, A AF Helle, Michael H. Gordon, Daniel F. Kaganovich, Dmitri Van Keuren, Edward Ting, Antonio BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Extending Electro-Optic Detection of Short Particle Beams Beyond the Transverse Phonon Resonance SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Ultrafast optics; relativistic particle beams; electro-optic sampling; particle beam characterization; three-wave mixing; advanced accelerator diagnostics ID RADIATION AB A technique to noninvasively measure the longitudinal profile of an ultrashort charged particle beam is developed. This technique is based on three-wave mixing of the particle beam's self-fields and an optical probe in a nonlinear material. The resulting mixed field is then diagnosed by a cross-correlating frequency resolved optical gate, which provides both frequency and phase information about the generated pulse from which, in principle, the temporal profile can be reconstructed. An equation for the generated fields as well as numerical results showing the effects of a chirped probe pulse are presented. C1 [Helle, Michael H.; Gordon, Daniel F.; Kaganovich, Dmitri; Ting, Antonio] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Helle, Michael H.; Van Keuren, Edward] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Helle, MH (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Van Keuren, Edward/E-5581-2010; OI Van Keuren, Edward/0000-0001-8348-7587; Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 FU Department of Energy; Office of Naval Research FX This work is supported by the Department of Energy and the Office of Naval Research. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 561 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200094 ER PT S AU Dollar, F Matsuoka, T McGuffey, C Bulanov, SS Chvykov, V Davis, J Kalintchenko, G Petrov, G Thomas, AGR Willingale, L Yanovsky, V Maksimchuk, A Krushelnick, K AF Dollar, Franklin Matsuoka, Takeshi McGuffey, Christopher Bulanov, Stepan S. Chvykov, Vladimir Davis, Jack Kalintchenko, Galina Petrov, George Thomas, Alec G. R. Willingale, Louise Yanovsky, Victor Maksimchuk, Anatoly Krushelnick, Karl BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Narrow Energy Spread Protons and Ions from High-Intensity, High-Contrast Laser Solid Target Interactions SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Laser produced plasma; ion acceleration ID GENERATION; BEAMS AB Recent simulations show that an idealized, high intensity, short pulse laser can generate quasi-monoenergetic proton beams with energies over 100 MeV in an interaction with a thin film [1]. However, most short pulse laser facilities with sufficient intensity have difficulty controlling the nanosecond and picosecond contrast necessary to realize such a regime. Experiments were performed to investigate proton and ion acceleration from a high contrast, short pulse laser by employing dual plasma mirrors along with a deformable mirror at the HERCULES laser facility at the Center for Ultrafast Optical Sciences, University of Michigan. Plasma mirrors were characterized, allowing a 50% throughput with an intensity contrast increase of 10(5). The focal spot quality was also exceptional, showing a 1.1 micron full width at half maximum (FWHM) focal diameter. Experiments were done using temporally cleaned 30 TW, 32 fs pulses to achieve an intensity of up to 10(21)Wcm(-2) on Si3N4 and Mylar targets with thicknesses ranging 50 nm to 13 microns. Proton beams with energy spreads below 2 MeV were observed from all thicknesses, peaking with energies up to 10.3 MeV and an energy spread of 0.8 MeV. Similar narrow energy spreads were observed for oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon at the silicon nitride thickness of 50 nm with energies up to 24 MeV with an energy spread of 3 MeV, whereas the energy spread is greatly increased at a larger thickness. Maximum energies were confirmed with CR39 track detectors, while a Thomson ion spectrometer was used to gauge the monoenergetic nature of the beam. C1 [Dollar, Franklin; Matsuoka, Takeshi; McGuffey, Christopher; Bulanov, Stepan S.; Chvykov, Vladimir; Kalintchenko, Galina; Thomas, Alec G. R.; Willingale, Louise; Yanovsky, Victor; Maksimchuk, Anatoly; Krushelnick, Karl] Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Davis, Jack; Petrov, George] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dollar, F (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Yanovsky, Victor/B-5899-2008; Thomas, Alexander/D-8210-2011; Dollar, Franklin/C-9214-2013; Kalinchenko, Galina/G-5684-2014; OI Dollar, Franklin/0000-0003-3346-5763; Thomas, Alexander/0000-0003-3206-8512 FU NSF [PHY-0114336] FX This research was supported by NSF grant PHY-0114336. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 710 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200121 ER PT S AU Zigler, A Palchan, T Bruner, N Schleifer, E Eisenmann, S Henis, Z Botton, M Pikuz, SA Faenov, AY Janulewicz, KA Gordon, D Sprangle, P AF Zigler, A. Palchan, T. Bruner, N. Schleifer, E. Eisenmann, S. Henis, Z. Botton, M. Pikuz, S. A., Jr. Faenov, A. Y. Janulewicz, K. A. Gordon, D. Sprangle, P. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Generation of Multi-MeV Protons by Interaction of Modest Laser Intensities with H2O "Snow" Nano-Wire Targets SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE laser acceleration; proton beams; sapphire; nanoparticles; laser beams ID PLASMAS; BEAMS AB We report on the generation of protons with energies of 6 MeV when irradiating an H2O nano-wire layer grown on a Sapphire plate with an intensity of 3 x 10(17) W/cm(2). C1 [Zigler, A.; Palchan, T.; Bruner, N.; Schleifer, E.; Eisenmann, S.; Henis, Z.; Botton, M.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Pikuz, S. A., Jr.; Faenov, A. Y.] Russian Acad Sci, Russian Federat, Joint Inst High Temp, R-125412 Moscow, Russia. [Janulewicz, K. A.] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Gwangju 500712, South Korea. [Gordon, D.; Sprangle, P.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zigler, A (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 727 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200124 ER PT S AU Kolsch, M AF Koelsch, Mathias BE BlancTalon, J Bone, D Philips, W Popescu, D Scheunders, P TI An Appearance-Based Prior for Hand Tracking SO ADVANCED CONCEPTS FOR INTELLIGENT VISION SYSTEMS, PT II SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems CY DEC 13-16, 2010 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP CSIRO, Ghent Univ, CiSRA, NICTA, Philips Res, Barco, DSP Valley, Antwerp Univ ID OBJECT DETECTION AB Reliable hand detection and tracking in passive 2D video still remains a challenge. Yet the consumer market for gesture-based interaction is expanding rapidly and surveillance systems that can deduce fine-grained human activities involving hand and arm postures are in high demand. In this paper, we present a hand tracking method that does not require reliable detection. We built it on top of "Flocks of Features" which combines grey-level optical flow, a "flocking" constraint, and a learned foreground color distribution. By adding probabilistic (instead of binary classified) detections based on grey-level appearance as an additional image cue, we show improved tracking performance despite rapid hand movements and posture changes. This helps overcome tracking difficulties in texture-rich and skin-colored environments, improving performance on a 10-minute collection of video clips from 75% to 86% (see examples on our website).(1) C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kolsch, M (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-17690-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6475 BP 292 EP 303 PN II PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BTS09 UT WOS:000287941500027 ER PT J AU Huang, Z Rolfe, E Carson, EC Brookhart, M Goldman, AS El-Khalafy, SH MacArthur, AHR AF Huang, Zheng Rolfe, Eleanor Carson, Emily C. Brookhart, Maurice Goldman, Alan S. El-Khalafy, Sahar H. MacArthur, Amy H. Roy TI Efficient Heterogeneous Dual Catalyst Systems for Alkane Metathesis SO ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE alkane metathesis; alumina; dehydrogenation; heterogeneous catalysis; olefin metathesis; pincer iridium ID TRANSFER DEHYDROGENATION; OLEFIN METATHESIS; COMPLEXES AB A fully heterogeneous and highly efficient dual catalyst system for alkane metathesis (AM) has been developed. The system is comprised of an alumina-supported iridium pincer catalyst for alkane dehydrogenation/olefin hydrogenation and a second heterogeneous olefin metathesis catalyst. The iridium catalysts bear basic functional groups on the aromatic backbone of the pincer ligand and are strongly adsorbed on Lewis acid sites on alumina. The heterogeneous systems exhibit higher lifetimes and productivities relative to the corresponding homogeneous systems as catalyst/catalyst interactions and bimolecular decomposition reactions are inhibited. Additionally using a "two-pot" device, the Supported Ir catalysts and metathesis catalysts can be physically separated and run at different temperatures. This system with isolated catalysts shows very high turnover numbers and is selective for the formation of high molecular weight alkanes. C1 [Huang, Zheng; Rolfe, Eleanor; Carson, Emily C.; Brookhart, Maurice] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Goldman, Alan S.; El-Khalafy, Sahar H.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [MacArthur, Amy H. Roy] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brookhart, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM mbrookhart@unc.edu; alan.goldman@rutgers.edu RI Goldman, Alan/D-9521-2011; OI Goldman, Alan/0000-0002-2774-710X FU National Science Foundation FX This work is financially supported by the National Science Foundation under the auspices of the Center for Enabling New Technologies through Catalysis (CENTC). NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 35 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-4150 J9 ADV SYNTH CATAL JI Adv. Synth. Catal. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 352 IS 1 BP 125 EP 135 DI 10.1002/adsc.200900539 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 553BL UT WOS:000274339500011 ER PT S AU Wilcox, CC Santiago, F Martinez, T Andrews, JR Restaino, SR Corley, M Teare, SW Agrawal, BN AF Wilcox, Christopher C. Santiago, Freddie Martinez, Ty Andrews, Jonathan R. Restaino, Sergio R. Corley, Melissa Teare, Scott W. Agrawal, Brij N. BE Dayton, DC Rhoadarmer, TA Sanchez, DJ TI A Method of Generating Atmospheric Turbulence with a Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices, and Applications VIII CY AUG 02-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID DISTORTION AB The Naval Research Laboratory has developed a new method for generating atmospheric turbulence and a testbed that simulates its aberrations far more inexpensively and with greater fidelity using a Liquid Crystal (LC) Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) than many other methods. This system allows the simulation of atmospheric seeing conditions ranging from very poor to very good and different algorithms may be easily employed on the device for comparison. These simulations can be dynamically generated and modified very quickly and easily. In addition, many models for simulating turbulence often neglect temporal transitions along with different seeing conditions. Using the statistically independent set of Karhunen-Loeve polynomials in conjunction with Kolmogorov statistics in this model provides an accurate spatial and temporal model for simulating turbulence. An added benefit to using a LC SLM is its low cost; and multiple devices can be used to simulate multiple layers of turbulence in a laboratory environment. Current testing with using multiple LC SLMs is under investigation at the Naval Research Laboratory and the Naval Postgraduate School. C1 [Wilcox, Christopher C.; Santiago, Freddie; Martinez, Ty; Andrews, Jonathan R.; Restaino, Sergio R.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wilcox, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7216, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chris.wilcox@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-312-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7816 AR 78160E DI 10.1117/12.861510 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BSU43 UT WOS:000285826600011 ER PT S AU Dorner, RW Hardy, DR Williams, FW Willauer, HD AF Dorner, Robert W. Hardy, Dennis R. Williams, Frederick W. Willauer, Heather D. BE Hu, YH TI Catalytic CO(2) Hydrogenation to Feedstock Chemicals for Jet Fuel Synthesis Using Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Support SO ADVANCES IN CO2 CONVERSION AND UTILIZATION SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 238th Annual Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 16-20, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP ACS, Div Chem Educ, ACS, Div Ind & Engn Chem, ACS, Div Fuel Chem ID FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS; ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; DEPOSITION-PRECIPITATION; COBALT CATALYSTS; IRON CATALYSTS; HYDROCARBONS; NANOFIBERS; SURFACES; DIOXIDE; CELL AB Hydrogenation of CO(2) to hydrocarbons is investigated over a K/Mn/Fe catalyst dispersed over multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Higher conversion yields were observed, but the catalyst favors methane formation and yields a lower olefin/paraffin ratio than an analogue catalyst dispersed on alumina reported previously. Both phenomena are ascribed to differences in the catalyst's active phase and particle size, leading to a shift in concentrations of carbonaceous surface intermediates. C1 [Dorner, Robert W.; Hardy, Dennis R.; Williams, Frederick W.; Willauer, Heather D.] USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Willauer, HD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety, Code 6180,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM heather.willauer@nrl.navy.mil NR 32 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2596-1 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2010 VL 1056 BP 125 EP 139 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BXA66 UT WOS:000295547400008 ER PT S AU Sellami, L Newcomb, RW AF Sellami, Louiza Newcomb, Robert W. BE Arabnia, HR TI Multisensor Smart System on a Chip SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Fluid Biosensors; MEMS; Sensors; Smart systems; System on a chip AB Sensors are becoming of considerable importance in several areas, particularly in health care. Therefore, the development of inexpensive and miniaturized sensors that are highly selective and sensitive, and for which control and analysis is present all on one chip is very desirable. These types of sensors can be implemented with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and because they are fabricated on a semiconductor substrate, additional signal processing circuitry can easily be integrated into the chip, thereby readily providing additional functions, such as multiplexing and analog-to-digital conversion. Here, we present a general framework for the design of a multisensor system on a chip, which includes intelligent signal processing, as well as a built-in self-test and parameter adjustment units. Specifically, we outline the system architecture and develop a transistorized bridge biosensor for monitoring changes in the dielectric constant of a fluid, which could be used for in-home monitoring of kidney function of patients with renal failure. C1 [Sellami, Louiza] USN Acad, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Sellami, L (reprint author), USN Acad, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM sellami@usna.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4419-5912-6 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2010 VL 680 BP 701 EP 708 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-5913-3_78 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-5913-3 PG 8 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BRL22 UT WOS:000283006100078 PM 20865557 ER PT J AU Alexandrov, AS Di Castro, C Mazin, I Mihailovic, D AF Alexandrov, Alexandre Sasha Di Castro, Carlo Mazin, Igor Mihailovic, Dragan TI Phonons and Electron Correlations in High-Temperature and Other Novel Superconductors SO ADVANCES IN CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Alexandrov, Alexandre Sasha] Univ Loughborough, Dept Phys, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. [Di Castro, Carlo] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Mazin, Igor] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mihailovic, Dragan] Jozef Stefan Inst, Dept Complex Matter, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia. RP Alexandrov, AS (reprint author), Univ Loughborough, Dept Phys, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. EM a.s.alexandrov@lboro.ac.uk NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-8108 J9 ADV COND MATTER PHYS JI Adv. Condens. Matter Phys. PY 2010 AR 206012 DI 10.1155/2010/206012 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 808YK UT WOS:000294017700001 ER PT S AU Wong-Ng, W Martin, J Thomas, EL Otani, M Lowhorn, N Green, M Liu, G Yan, YG Hattrick-Simpers, J Tran, T AF Wong-Ng, W. Martin, J. Thomas, E. L. Otani, M. Lowhorn, N. Green, M. Liu, G. Yan, Y. G. Hattrick-Simpers, J. Tran, T. BE Nair, KM Priya, S TI RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THERMOELECTRIC METROLOGY AT NIST SO ADVANCES IN ELECTROCERAMIC MATERIALS II SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials Science and Technology 2009 Conference and Exhibition CY OCT 25-29, 2009 CL David L Lawrence Convention Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA SP Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Env Technol Div, ASM Int HO David L Lawrence Convention Ctr ID COMPOSITION-SPREAD APPROACH; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL; 2 CANDIDATE MATERIALS; SKUTTERUDITES; FILMS; MERIT AB We have recently developed several important thermoelectric metrologies at NIST. First, a low temperature (10 K to 390 K) Seebeck coefficient Standard Reference Material (SRM (TM)), Bi2Te3, which is crucial for inter-laboratory data comparison and for instrument calibration, has been produced. Second, to accelerate thermoelectric material exploration, a high-throughput thermoelectric screening system for combinatorial thin films was developed. The screening device for thermoelectric power factor (S-2 sigma, S = Seebeck coefficient, sigma = electrical conductivity) allows us to measure sigma and S of over 1000 sample-points within 6 hours. The thermal effusivity screening system using the frequency domain thermoreflectance technique allows us to determine thermal conductivity of combinatorial films, conventional films and bulk materials with high efficiency, i.e. 1000 data points within 6 hours. Third, a flexible and reliable instrument to measure high temperature Seeebeck coefficient. and resistivity is under development. This tool allows the minimization of a number of measurement uncertainties that contribute to the overall systematic errors. C1 [Wong-Ng, W.; Martin, J.; Thomas, E. L.; Otani, M.; Lowhorn, N.; Green, M.; Liu, G.; Yan, Y. G.; Hattrick-Simpers, J.] NIST, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tran, T.] NSWC, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-92716-8 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2010 VL 221 BP 253 EP + PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BTL70 UT WOS:000287221600023 ER PT S AU Chu, PC Fan, C AF Chu, P. C. Fan, C. BE Rahman, M Brebbia, CA TI Wave effect on the trajectory of a high-speed rigid body in a water column SO ADVANCES IN FLUID MECHANICS VIII SE WIT Transactions on Engineering Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Advances in Fluid Mechanics CY SEP 15-17, 2010 CL Algave, PORTUGAL SP Wessex Inst Technol, WIT Transact Engn Sci Fluid Mech Book Series DE body-flow interaction; 3D bomb trajectory prediction; 6-DOF model; STRIKE35; random waves; probability density function AB Waves form when the water surface is disturbed, for example, by wind or gravitational forces. During such disturbances energy and momentum are transferred to the water mass and sea-state is changed. For shallow water regions, the bottom topography affects the waves dramatically. Waves may cause an evident slant of the ocean surface with a large inclination angle of about 55 degrees. When a high-speed rigid body strikes the wavy ocean surface, the random ocean slope largely affects its underwater trajectory. Identification of such an effect is a key point in the prediction of a fast moving rigid body in a water column. The probability density equation (PDF) of the ocean wave slopes was used to generate the stochastic surface slope. A 6-degree of freedom (DOF) model of a fast-moving rigid body is used with the stochastic sloping surface as its water entry condition. The PDFs of the body location and orientation are obtained from results of 6-DOF model runs. From temporal change of these PDFs, the wave effect on the trajectory of a high-speed underwater rigid body has been identified. C1 [Chu, P. C.; Fan, C.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [N0001410WX20165] FX The Office of Naval Research Breaching Technology Program (Grant Number: N0001410WX20165, Program Manager: Brian Almquist) supported this study. The authors thank Mr. Kennard Watson from the Naval Surface Warfare Center Panama City Division for very useful comments and helps. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1746-4471 BN 978-1-84564-476-5 J9 WIT TRANS ENG SCI PY 2010 BP 383 EP 393 DI 10.2495/AFM100331 PG 11 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA BG9YF UT WOS:000394191500033 ER PT J AU Birnbaum, AJ Vikelic, S Yao, YL AF Birnbaum, A. J. Vikelic, S. Yao, Y. Lawrence BE Lawerence, J Pou, J Low, DKY Toyserkani, E TI Advances in laser-induced plastic deformation processes SO ADVANCES IN LASER MATERIALS PROCESSING: TECHNOLOGY, RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS SE Woodhead Publishing in Mechanical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE laser forming; laser shock peening (LSP); thermal forming; plasticity ID VARYING THICKNESS PLATE; SLIP LINE THEORY; SHOCK-WAVES; FORMING PROCESS; PLANE STRAIN; PART I; COMPONENTS; CRYSTALS; PROPAGATION; ANISOTROPY AB Although myriad laser processes take advantage of the ability to convert photon energy into thermal energy resulting in a local increase in temperature, e. g. laser cutting, drilling, welding, in a sense these processes represent a direct energy conversion from laser energy to task. However, when converting laser energy to desired, controllable mechanical deformation, there exist what may be thought of as intermediate steps that arise in the process. This chapter aims to give a brief background and review recent advances for three processes: laser forming, laser shock-peening and laser peen forming. All three of these processes utilize laser energy in order to induce plastic deformation resulting in either a desired final part geometry, desirable material properties/performance or both. C1 [Birnbaum, A. J.; Vikelic, S.; Yao, Y. Lawrence] Columbia Univ, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Naval Res Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Birnbaum, AJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Naval Res Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM andrew.birnbaum.columbia@gmail.com NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-474-6 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL MECH E PY 2010 BP 535 EP 572 DI 10.1533/9781845699819.6.535 D2 10.1533/9781845699819 PG 38 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BRR90 UT WOS:000283505600019 ER PT J AU Shin, HH Hong, SY Dudhia, J Kim, YJ AF Shin, Hyeyum Hailey Hong, Song-You Dudhia, Jimy Kim, Young-Joon TI Orography-Induced Gravity Wave Drag Parameterization in the Global WRF: Implementation and Sensitivity to Shortwave Radiation Schemes SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB This paper describes the implementation of the orographic gravity wave drag (GWDO) processes induced by subgrid-scale orography in the global version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The sensitivity of the model simulated climatology to the representation of shortwave radiation and the addition of the GWDO processes is investigated using the Kim-Arakawa GWDO parameterization and the Goddard, RRTMG (Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for GCMs), and Dudhia shortwave radiation schemes. This sensitivity study is a part of efforts of selecting the physics package that can be useful in applying the WRF model to global and seasonal configuration. The climatology is relatively well simulated by the global WRF; the zonal mean zonal wind and temperature structures are reasonably represented with the Kim-Arakawa GWDO scheme using the Goddard and RRTMG shortwave schemes. It is found that the impact of the shortwave radiation scheme on the modeled atmosphere is pronounced in the upper atmospheric circulations above the tropopause mainly due to the ozone heating. The scheme that excludes the ozone process suffers from a distinct cold bias in the stratosphere. Moreover, given the improper thermodynamic environment conditions by the shortwave scheme, the role of the GWDO process is found to be limited. C1 [Shin, Hyeyum Hailey; Hong, Song-You] Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Shin, Hyeyum Hailey; Hong, Song-You] Yonsei Univ, Global Environm Lab, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Dudhia, Jimy] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kim, Young-Joon] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hong, SY (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM shong@yonsei.ac.kr RI Hong, Song-You/I-3824-2012; Dudhia, Jimy/B-1287-2008 OI Dudhia, Jimy/0000-0002-2394-6232 FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2010-0000840]; Korean Foundation for International Cooperation Science & Technology (KICOS) 21 through Korean Ministry of Science & Technology (MOST) FX This paper was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2010-0000840), and by the Korean Foundation for International Cooperation Science & Technology (KICOS) 21 through a grant provided by the Korean Ministry of Science & Technology (MOST). NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 8 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2010 AR 959014 DI 10.1155/2010/959014 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V24IB UT WOS:000208403000048 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Wei, L Gu, W Gong, JD Zhao, QY AF Xu, Qin Wei, Li Gu, Wei Gong, Jiandong Zhao, Qingyun TI A 3.5-Dimensional Variational Method for Doppler Radar Data Assimilation and Its Application to Phased-Array Radar Observations SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB A 3.5-dimensional variational method is developed for Doppler radar data assimilation. In this method, incremental analyses are performed in three steps to update the model state upon the background state provided by the model prediction. First, radar radial-velocity observations from three consecutive volume scans are analyzed on the model grid. The analyzed radial-velocity fields are then used in step 2 to produce incremental analyses for the vector velocity fields at two time levels between the three volume scans. The analyzed vector velocity fields are used in step 3 to produce incremental analyses for the thermodynamic fields at the central time level accompanied by the adjustments in water vapor and hydrometeor mixing ratios based on radar reflectivity observations. The finite element B-spline representations and recursive filter are used to reduce the dimension of the analysis space and enhance the computational efficiency. The method is applied to a squall line case observed by the phased-array radar with rapid volume scans at the National Weather Radar Testbed and is shown to be effective in assimilating the phased-array radar observations and improve the prediction of the subsequent evolution of the squall line. C1 [Xu, Qin] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Wei, Li] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Gu, Wei] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gong, Jiandong] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Qingyun] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM qin.xu@noaa.gov FU NOAA HPCC program; ONR [N000140410312]; NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; FAA [DTFA03-01-X-9007] FX The authors are thankful to Carl Hane, Jidong Gao, and the anonymous reviewer for their comments and suggestions that improved the presentation of the paper and to Douglas Forsyth, Kurt Hondl, Richard Adams, Pengfei Zhang and Kang Nai for their help in obtaining and processing the phased-array radar data. The research work was supported by the NOAA HPCC program, the FAA contract IA# DTFA03-01-X-9007 to NSSL, the ONR Grants N000140410312 to the University of Oklahoma, and the NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement no. NA17RJ1227. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2010 AR 797265 DI 10.1155/2010/797265 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V24IB UT WOS:000208403000042 ER PT S AU Boukhtouta, A Berger, J Mittu, R Bedrouni, A AF Boukhtouta, Abdeslem Berger, Jean Mittu, Ranjeev Bedrouni, Abdellah BE Bai, Q Fukuta, N TI Coordination Strategies and Techniques in Distributed Intelligent Systems - Applications SO ADVANCES IN PRACTICAL MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS SE Studies in Computational Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Principles of Practice in Multi-Agent Systems (PRIMA 2009) CY DEC 14-16, 2009 CL Nagoya, JAPAN AB This paper is devoted to describing the broad range of application domains which implement many of the coordination strategies and techniques from the field of multi-agent systems. The domains include defense, transportation, health care, telecommunication and e-business, emergency management, etc. The paper describes the diversity of the applications in which multi-agent coordination techniques have been applied to overcome the challenges or obstacles that have existed with regard to performance, interoperability and/or scalability. While the number of application domains is steadily increasing, the intent of this paper is to provide a small sampling of domains which are applying coordination techniques to build intelligent systems. This paper will also describe an emerging and important problem domain which requires the coordination among many entities across the civil-military boundary, and can benefit from multi-agent coordination techniques. C1 [Boukhtouta, Abdeslem; Berger, Jean] Def Res & Dev Canada Valcartier, 2459 Pie 11 Blvd N, Val Belair, PQ G3J 1X5, Canada. [Boukhtouta, Abdeslem] Concordia Univ, Concordia Inst Inform Syst Engn, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. [Berger, Jean] Defence Res & Dev Canada, Quebec City G3J 1X5, PQ, Canada. [Mittu, Ranjeev] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bedrouni, Abdellah] Concordia Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. RP Boukhtouta, A (reprint author), Def Res & Dev Canada Valcartier, 2459 Pie 11 Blvd N, Val Belair, PQ G3J 1X5, Canada. EM abdeslem.boukhtouta@drdc-rddc.gc.ca; jean.berger@drdc-rddc.gc.ca; mittu@itd.nrl.navy.mil; abedrouni@gmail.com NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-949X BN 978-3-642-16097-4 J9 STUD COMPUT INTELL PY 2010 VL 325 BP 73 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BTR03 UT WOS:000287824600006 ER PT S AU Jacobs, VL AF Jacobs, Verne L. BE Shahriar, SM Hemmer, PR TI Non-linear interactions in electromagnetically induced transparency and related pump-probe optical phenomena in moving atomic systems SO ADVANCES IN SLOW AND FAST LIGHT III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Slow and Fast Light III CY JAN 25-26, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Density matrix; non-linear electromagnetic interactions; coherence; electromagnetically induced transparency ID DENSITY-MATRIX; SLOW LIGHT; RELAXATION; RADIATION; STATES AB Linear and non-linear interactions in electromagnetically induced transparency and related pump-probe optical phenomena involving moving many-electron atomic systems are investigated using a reduced-density-matrix approach. Time-domain (equation-of-motion) and frequency-domain (resolvent-operator) formulations are developed in a unified manner. The standard Born (lowest-order perturbation-theory) and Markov (short-memory-time) approximations are systematically introduced within the framework of the general non-perturbative and non-Markovian formulations. A preliminary semiclassical perturbation-theory treatment of the electromagnetic interaction is adopted. However, it is emphasized that a quantized-electromagnetic-field approach is essential for a self-consistent quantum-mechanical formulation. Our primary result is the derivation of compact Liouville-space operator expressions for the linear and the general (n'th order) non-linear macroscopic electromagnetic-response tensors. These expressions can be evaluated for coherent initial atomic excitations and for the full tetradic-matrix form of the Liouville-space self-energy operator representing the environmental interactions in the Markov approximation. Collisional interactions between atoms can be treated in various approximations for the self-energy operator, and the influence of Zeeman coherences on the electromagnetic-pulse propagation can be investigated by including an applied magnetic field on an equal footing with the electromagnetic fields. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jacobs, VL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jacobs@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8008-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7612 AR 76120K DI 10.1117/12.848648 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSE93 UT WOS:000284309300009 ER PT S AU Walker, D Steiner, M Gulian, A AF Walker, D. Steiner, M. Gulian, A. BE Shahriar, SM Hemmer, PR TI Analysis of an all-optical SBS avalanche detector SO ADVANCES IN SLOW AND FAST LIGHT III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Slow and Fast Light III CY JAN 25-26, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Stimulated Brillouin scattering; optical fibers; detectors ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; RESOLVED-SIDE-BAND; DISTRIBUTED TEMPERATURE; FIBER; OSCILLATOR; INITIATION; CAVITY AB Seeding Brillouin scattering with a sufficiently efficient source of coherent phonons has the potential to produce energy-sensitive photon detectors. Based on this idea, we propose and analyze some possible designs for such a detector. C1 [Walker, D.; Steiner, M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Walker, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5312, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.walker@nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8008-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7612 AR 761203 DI 10.1117/12.848645 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSE93 UT WOS:000284309300002 ER PT S AU Lieberman, S Alt, J AF Lieberman, Stephen Alt, Jonathan BE Chai, SK Salerno, JJ Mabry, PL TI Developing Social Networks for Artificial Societies from Survey Data SO ADVANCES IN SOCIAL COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Social Computing, Behavioral Modeling and Prediction CY MAR 30-31, 2010 CL Bethesda, MD DE Artificial Societies; Social Network Analysis; Social Computing ID EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR AB Authentically representing large social collectivities remains a preeminent challenge throughout the social computing, and modeling and simulation communities. We demonstrate here a simple technique that uses survey and polling data to embed agents with attributes and endogenously elicit an authentic and theory-driven simulation social structure for an artificial society. We furthermore show that a representation of social structure based on internal agent attributes allows for the continuous representation of social dynamics that affect agent cognition and association, and that social structures for artificial societies can be generated without any loss to the granularity of the underlying data or simulation output. We provide a case study using social survey data to demonstrate the method and effects, document the visualization of social structure for the population of Indonesia, discuss the implications and uses of survey data for social simulation, and suggest several paths forward for social and behavioral predictive modeling. C1 [Lieberman, Stephen; Alt, Jonathan] USN, Postgrad Sch, Modeling Virtual Environm & Simulat MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lieberman, S (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Modeling Virtual Environm & Simulat MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM stlieber@nps.edu NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-12078-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6007 BP 159 EP 168 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPW01 UT WOS:000280121900019 ER PT S AU Alt, JK Lieberman, S AF Alt, Jonathan K. Lieberman, Stephen BE Chai, SK Salerno, JJ Mabry, PL TI Developing Cognitive Models for Social Simulation from Survey Data SO ADVANCES IN SOCIAL COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Social Computing, Behavioral Modeling and Prediction CY MAR 30-31, 2010 CL Bethesda, MD DE Social simulation; cognitive models; agents ID BEHAVIOR AB The representation of human behavior and cognition continues to challenge the modeling and simulation community. The use of survey and polling instruments to inform belief states, issue stances and action choice models provides a compelling means of developing models and simulations with empirical data. Using these types of data to population social simulations can greatly enhance the feasibility of validation efforts, the reusability of social and behavioral modeling frameworks, and the testable reliability of simulations. We provide a case study demonstrating these effects, document the use of survey data to develop cognitive models, and suggest future paths forward for social and behavioral modeling. C1 [Alt, Jonathan K.; Lieberman, Stephen] USN, Modeling Virtual Environm & Simulat MOVES Inst, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Alt, JK (reprint author), USN, Modeling Virtual Environm & Simulat MOVES Inst, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-12078-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6007 BP 323 EP 329 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPW01 UT WOS:000280121900038 ER PT S AU Chen, W AF Chen, Wei BE Bebis, G Boyle, R Parvin, B Koracin, D Chung, R Hammound, R Hussain, M Han, TK Crawfis, R Thalmann, D Kao, D Avila, L TI Conservative Motion Estimation from Multi-image Sequences SO ADVANCES IN VISUAL COMPUTING, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Visual Computing CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP UNR, DRI, LBNL, NASA Ames, Air Force Res Lab, Intel, DigitalPersona, Equinox, Ford, Hewlett Packard, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, iCore, Toyota, Delphi, Gen Elect, Microsoft MSDN, Volt ID OPTICAL-FLOW; COMPUTATION; FIELDS AB Motion estimation in image sequences is a fundamental problem for digital video coding. In this paper, we present a new approach for conservative motion estimation from multi-image sequences. We deal with a system in which most of the motions in the scene are conservative or near-conservative in a certain temporal interval with multi-image sequences. Then a single conservative velocity field in this temporal range can across several successive frames. This system can be proved to be fully constrained or over-constrained when the number of frames is greater than two. A framework with displaced frame difference (DFD) equations, spatial velocity modeling, a nonlinear least-squares model, and Gauss-Newton and Levenberg-Marguardt algorithms for solving the nonlinear system is developed. The proposed algorithm is evaluated experimentally with two standard test image sequences. All successive frames except the last one (used for reference frame) in this conservative system can be synthesized by the motion-compensated prediction and interpolation based on the estimated motion field. This framework can estimate large scale motion field that across more than two successive frames if most of the motions in the scene in the temporal interval are conservative or near-conservative and has better performance than the block matching algorithm. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7233,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-17288-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6453 BP 427 EP 436 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BUW97 UT WOS:000290548000041 ER PT B AU Sheppard, FR Robson, MC AF Sheppard, Forest R. Robson, Martin C. BE Sen, CK TI History of Bacteriology of War Wounds SO ADVANCES IN WOUND CARE, VOL 1: TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE: FROM BENCHTOP TO BEDSIDE TO COMMUNITY AND BACK SE Advances in Wound Care LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COMBAT CASUALTY CARE; PENICILLIN; INFECTIONS; PROGRESS; FLORA AB War wounds are, as all traumatic wounds, uniformly contaminated and the contaminating organisms can be of various species. The change of the predominating species over the various armed conflicts can be due to several factors such as medical knowledge and practice of the era, munitions used, climate where and season when injury occurred, time from battlefield to medical care, initial treatment and resuscitation regimens, and antibacterial measures. The history of war wound microbiology is extensive; it is the authors' goal to present a concise treatise acknowledging these factors that may serve as both a general reference and a starting point for more in-depth study by the reader. C1 [Sheppard, Forest R.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Regenerat Med Dept, CCCD, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Sheppard, Forest R.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. [Sheppard, Forest R.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Robson, Martin C.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL USA. RP Sheppard, FR (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Regenerat Med Dept, CCCD, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM forest.sheppard@med.navy.mil NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA BN 978-1-934854-01-3 J9 ADV WOUND CARE PY 2010 VL 1 BP 8 EP 12 DI 10.1089/awc.2009.0062 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA BOV75 UT WOS:000277780600003 ER PT B AU Petersen, K Hospenthal, D Wortmann, G AF Petersen, Kyle Hospenthal, Duane Wortmann, Glenn BE Sen, CK TI Update on Bioburden Control and Treatment of War Wound Infections SO ADVANCES IN WOUND CARE, VOL 1: TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE: FROM BENCHTOP TO BEDSIDE TO COMMUNITY AND BACK SE Advances in Wound Care LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TOPICAL ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; DIABETIC FOOT ULCERS; NEGATIVE-PRESSURE; IN-VITRO; THERAPY; INJURIES; TRIAL; COMPLICATIONS; IRRIGATION; MANAGEMENT AB Background: Combat injury related wounds are generally acute, and occur in young, otherwise healthy adults. The most significant sequelae of wound bioburden, sepsis, which previously affected 90% of casualties in the pre-antibiotic era, continues to occur in 5-10%, causing considerable morbidity and some mortality. Controlling or eradicating bioburden before the critical colonization stage of 105 colony forming unit/g or more than four bacterial species might decrease infectious sequelae. The Problem: Modern combat wounds are complex, usually blast-related injuries, with extensive soft tissue damage, which is often complicated by vascular impairment and underlying bone injury. Persons developing infection may be critically ill, have received multiple transfusions, and suffer multi-organ impairment. With modern debridement and posttrauma antibiotic use, combat wound pathogens have changed from Clostridia and Streptococcus to multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. New modalities that prevent the selection of drug-resistant bacteria, and prevent wound-related sepsis and death are needed. Basic/Clinical Science Advances: in 2008 numerous approaches to bioburden reduction were published. Several having potential for combat wound care include novel diagnostics, dressings, negative pressure devices, topical solutions, antimicrobial peptides, and innovative approaches to surgical care. Clinical Care Relevance: Application of some of these aforementioned novel approaches might reduce multidrug-resistant bacterial colonization and wound infection, but more study is required. Conclusion: Limited studies were done on combat-related bioburden reduction in 2008. Work focused on chronic wound infections may have potential crossover utility in combat wounds; however, more studies are needed in this unique population. C1 [Petersen, Kyle] USN, Med Res Ctr, Undersea Med Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hospenthal, Duane] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Wortmann, Glenn] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Petersen, K (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Undersea Med Div, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM kyle.petersen@med.navy.mil NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA BN 978-1-934854-01-3 J9 ADV WOUND CARE PY 2010 VL 1 BP 24 EP 30 DI 10.1089/awc.2009.0058 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA BOV75 UT WOS:000277780600006 ER PT J AU Ramamurti, R Geder, J Palmisano, J Ratna, B Sandberg, WC AF Ramamurti, Ravi Geder, Jason Palmisano, John Ratna, Banahalli Sandberg, William C. TI Computations of Flapping Flow Propulsion for Unmanned Underwater Vehicle Design SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 47th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 05-08, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID AQUATIC FLIGHT; BIRD WRASSE AB Three-dimensional unsteady computations of the flow past a flapping and deforming fin are performed. The computed unsteady lift and thrust force-time histories are validated with experimental data and are in good agreement. Several fin parametric studies are performed for a notional unmanned underwater vehicle. The parametric studies investigated the force production of the fin as a function of varying the flexibility, the bulk amplitude of fin rotation, the vehicle speed, and the fin stroke bias angle. The results of these simulations are used to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of the vehicle and to support controller development. Computations are also performed to map out the hydrodynamic characteristics of a new test vehicle, designed and built at Naval Research Laboratory to demonstrate the hovering and low-speed maneuvering performance of a set of actively controlled curvature fins. C1 [Ramamurti, Ravi; Geder, Jason] USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Palmisano, John; Ratna, Banahalli] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sandberg, William C.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Anal & Modeling Div, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Ramamurti, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ravi@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; jgeder@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; palmisano@gmail.com; banahalli.ratna@nrl.navy.mil; william.c.sandberg@saic.com NR 22 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 48 IS 1 BP 188 EP 201 DI 10.2514/1.43389 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 541YU UT WOS:000273458600017 ER PT S AU von Berg, DL Anderson, SA Bird, A Holt, N Kruer, M Walls, TJ Wilson, ML AF von Berg, Dale Linne Anderson, Scott A. Bird, Alan Holt, Niel Kruer, Melvin Walls, Thomas J. Wilson, Michael L. BE Henry, DJ TI Multi-Sensor Airborne Imagery Collection and Processing Onboard Small Unmanned Systems SO AIRBORNE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, RECONNAISSANCE (ISR) SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications VII CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE FEATHAR; EyePod; NuSAR; NITF; geo-aware; geo-rectified; geo-registered; UAV; UAS AB FEATHAR (Fusion, Exploitation, Algorithms, and Targeting for High-Altitude Reconnaissance) is an ONR funded effort to develop and test new tactical sensor systems specifically designed for small manned and unmanned platforms (payload weight < 50 lbs). This program is being directed and executed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in conjunction with the Space Dynamics Laboratory (SDL). FEATHAR has developed and integrated EyePod, a combined long-wave infrared (LWIR) and visible to near infrared (VNIR) optical survey & inspection system, with NuSAR, a combined dual band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system. These sensors are being tested in conjunction with other ground and airborne sensor systems to demonstrate intelligent real-time cross-sensor cueing and in-air data fusion. Results from test flights of the EyePod and NuSAR sensors will be presented. C1 [von Berg, Dale Linne; Kruer, Melvin; Walls, Thomas J.; Wilson, Michael L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP von Berg, DL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8132-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7668 AR 766807 DI 10.1117/12.850775 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS38 UT WOS:000285628000006 ER PT S AU Chung, TH AF Chung, Timothy H. BE Chirikjian, GS Choset, H Morales, M Murphey, T TI On Probabilistic Search Decisions under Searcher Motion Constraints SO ALGORITHMIC FOUNDATIONS OF ROBOTICS VIII SE Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on the Algorithmic Foundations of Robotics CY DEC 07-09, 2008 CL Guanajuato, MEXICO ID MOVING-TARGET; PURSUIT-EVASION; PATH; GRAPHS AB This article presents a sequential decision-theoretic formulation for conducting probabilistic search for a stationary target in a search region. A general recursion expression describing the evolution of the search decision (i.e., presence or absence of the target) is derived, which relates the temporal sequence of imperfect detections, both false positives and false negatives, to the spatial search conducted by a search agent. This relationship enables quantification of the decision performance - time till decision - for a given search strategy. Also, the role of searcher motion constraints, represented by a search graph, on the time till decision is characterized by the second smallest eigenvalue of the Laplacian of this graph. Numerical studies demonstrate this relationship. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chung, TH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM thchung@nps.edu NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1610-7438 BN 978-3-642-00311-0 J9 SPR TRA ADV ROBOT PY 2010 VL 57 BP 501 EP 516 PG 16 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BRV54 UT WOS:000283747900031 ER PT S AU Bachmann, CM Ainsworth, TL Fusina, RA AF Bachmann, Charles M. Ainsworth, Thomas L. Fusina, Robert A. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI A Scalable Approach to Modeling Nonlinear Structure in Hyperspectral Imagery and Other High-Dimensional Data Using Manifold Coordinate Representations SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVI CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE manifold coordinates; manifold learning; hyperspectral imagery; neighborhood; local intrinsic dimensionality; nonlinear; anomaly finding AB In the past we have presented a framework for deriving a set of intrinsic manifold coordinates that directly parameterize high-dimensional data, such as that found in hyperspectral imagery(1234567).(10) In these previous works, we have described the potential utility of these representations for such diverse problems as land-cover mapping and in-water retrievals such as bathymetry.(10) Because the manifold coordinates are intrinsic, they offer the potential for significant compression of the data, and are furthermore very useful for displaying data structure that can not be seen by linear image processing representations when the data is inherently nonlinear. This is especially true, for example, when the data are known to contain strong nonlinearities, such as in the reflectance data obtained from hyperspectral imaging sensors over the water, where the medium itself is attenuating(235).(7) These representations are also potentially useful in such applications as anomaly finding(2).(3) A number of other researchers have looked at different aspects of the manifold coordinate representations such as the best way to exploit these representations through the backend classifier,(15) while others have examined alternative manifold coordinate models.(14) In this paper, we provide an overview of our scalable algorithm for deriving manifold coordinate representations of high-dimensional data such as hyperspectral imagery, describe some of our recent work to improve the local estimation of spectral neighborhood size, and demonstrate the benefits for problems such as anomaly finding. C1 [Bachmann, Charles M.; Fusina, Robert A.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div,Coastal Sci & Interpretat Sect, Coastal & Ocean Remote Sensing Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div,Coastal Sci & Interpretat Sect, Coastal & Ocean Remote Sensing Branch, Code 7232,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bachmann@nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8159-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7695 AR 76950C DI 10.1117/12.852242 PG 7 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS80 UT WOS:000285716700011 ER PT S AU Daniel, BJ Schaum, AP AF Daniel, Brian J. Schaum, Alan P. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Urchin: An RX-derivative accounting for anisotropies in whitened clutter SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVI CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Anomaly detection; hyperspectral imagery; RX algorithm; target detection AB The most widespread methods of anomaly detection in hyperspectral imagery (HSI) are the RX algorithm and its variants (e.g. Subspace RX). RX is optimal for any unimodal elliptically contoured distribution (ECD), and in certain data sets, it misinterprets any deviations from this model as true anomalies. Singleton outliers are by definition anomalous, but other RX detections can arise from less severe departures from the ECD, in the form of spectral "prominences." We describe a method that mitigates such persistent false alarms by augmenting RX in a recursive process with truncated versions of the Adaptive Cosine Estimator (ACE). ACE is applied to RX exceedances that arise from prominences, bulges appearing in the whitened clutter distribution that indicate anisotropy. The ACE-augmented RX decision surface resembles a sea urchin. C1 [Daniel, Brian J.; Schaum, Alan P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Daniel, BJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8159-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7695 AR 769504 DI 10.1117/12.850222 PG 6 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS80 UT WOS:000285716700003 ER PT S AU Gillis, D Ientilucci, E Bowles, J AF Gillis, David Ientilucci, Emmett Bowles, Jeffrey BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Results of GLMM-Based Target Detection on the RIT Data Set SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVI CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Hyperspectral; Linear Mixing; Target Detection; Target Spaces AB The authors have recently introduced the Generalized Linear Mixing Model (GLMM), which extends the traditional Linear Mixing Model by generalizing the concept of an endmember vector to an endmember subspace. This generalization allows us to model the spectral variability that is present in a given class. The model also naturally includes the use of 'target spaces', which have been previously developed to model the variability of at-sensor radiance for a given library spectrum due to atmospheric and illumination uncertainty. In this paper, we apply the GLMM / target space approach to detecting targets in the recently released RIT test data set. In particular, we give a brief description of the underlying model, and then present our results of applying this model to the RIT data set. C1 [Gillis, David; Bowles, Jeffrey] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gillis, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM David.Gillis@nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8159-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7695 AR 769523 DI 10.1117/12.850242 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS80 UT WOS:000285716700073 ER PT S AU Kruse, FA Olsen, RC AF Kruse, F. A. Olsen, R. C. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Variability Analysis and Change Characterization of HSI Data for Urban Mapping SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVI CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Imaging Spectrometry; Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI); Spectral Variability; Change Detection; Urban Mapping ID AVIRIS DATA; SPECTROSCOPY; MINERALS AB Urban areas are highly variable in remote sensing data, thus it can be difficult to detect changes over time caused by development or by movement of specific targets. This research is a first attempt at exploration of repeat flights of 20m spatial resolution imaging spectrometer data to identify and characterize sources and the nature of spectral variability in urban/rural environments. Data for two dates were atmospherically corrected using a MODTRAN-based model to independently correct each dataset for atmospheric effects. The data were geocorrected and co-registered then cropped to a common spatial coverage. Spectra for individual pixels and for ROIs were extracted from the two datasets and visual and statistical comparisons were made between spectra to assess the effects of collection parameters and atmospheric corrections. Spectral endmembers were determined for each flightline, mapped using spectral matching methods, and compared across flightlines. This approach allowed determination of relatively spectrally invariant areas versus areas with significant spectral change. The combined datasets were used to develop thematic layers and evaluate spectral variability versus changes principally due to urban development. C1 [Kruse, F. A.; Olsen, R. C.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kruse, FA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Olsen, Richard/O-2699-2015 OI Olsen, Richard/0000-0002-8344-9297 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8159-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7695 AR 76951K DI 10.1117/12.850117 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS80 UT WOS:000285716700054 ER PT S AU Olson, CC Nichols, JM Michalowicz, JV Bucholtz, F AF Olson, C. C. Nichols, J. M. Michalowicz, J. V. Bucholtz, F. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Improved outlier identification in hyperspectral imaging via nonlinear dimensionality reduction SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVI CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Hyperspectral Imaging; Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction; Manifold Learning; Anomaly Detection; Unsupervised Learning; Target Detection ID DIFFUSION MAPS; IMAGERY AB We use a nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique to improve anomaly detection in a hyperspectral imaging application. A nonlinear transformation, diffusion map, is used to map pixels from the high-dimensional spectral space to a (possibly) lower-dimensional manifold. The transformation is designed to retain a measure of distance between the selected pixels. This lower-dimensional manifold represents the background of the scene with high probability and selecting a subset of points reduces the computational overhead associated with diffusion map. The remaining pixels are mapped to the manifold by means of a Nystrom extension. A distance measure is computed for each new pixel and those that do not reside near the background manifold, as determined by a threshold, are identified as anomalous. We compare our results with the RX and subspace RX methods of anomaly detection. C1 [Olson, C. C.; Nichols, J. M.; Michalowicz, J. V.; Bucholtz, F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Olson, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM colin.olson.ctr@nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8159-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7695 AR 769507 DI 10.1117/12.851811 PG 5 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS80 UT WOS:000285716700006 ER PT S AU Schaum, A AF Schaum, A. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Continuum Fusion: a new methodology for creating hyperspectral detection algorithms SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVI CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; fusion; detection; affine; subspace AB A new formalism has been developed for producing detection algorithms in model-based problems, in which one or more parameter values is unknown. Continuum fusion can be used to generate different flavors of algorithm for any composite hypothesis testing problem. The method is defined by a fusion logic that can be translated into a set of partial differential relations. However, some important hyperspectral models can be solved with purely geometrical means, one of which is described. The new methodology affords a new interpretation of the orthodox solution, the generalized likelihood ratio test, which is revealed as but one point in a spectrum of fusion methods. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Dr, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8159-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7695 AR 769502 DI 10.1117/12.849475 PG 5 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS80 UT WOS:000285716700001 ER PT J AU Cheatham, WW AF Cheatham, Wayman Wendell TI Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor translational research and clinical experience SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2009 Annual Meeting CY APR 21, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA ID TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; BETA-CELL DYSFUNCTION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; FAILURE; ROSIGLITAZONE; DYSLIPIDEMIA AB Since the early 1970s, pharmaceutical biochemists have sought to exploit the scientific findings that were uncovered when they studied the basis for the function and mode of action of fibric acid derivatives. In the early 1970s, little was known of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), even in concept. Since then, however, the development of bioactive small molecules in medicinal science has resulted in tools developed to be inserted into the PPAR-binding domain, which has resulted in the recognition of literally thousands of possible biological effects of binding configurations. In diabetes care, the first of the marketed agents from these discoveries and developments was introduced in 1996. It was potent and did its job well. However, the use of this early form of thiazolidinedione sometimes, although rarely, led to fulminant liver failure, and ultimately the drug was removed from the market. Subsequent thiazolidinediones have been developed, and 2 have been relatively successful. However, they are not without their problems. This article describes the history of the development of these drugs, identifies the valuable attributes that they possess, and gives a clear rationale as to why a quest for a "safer" PPAR agonist is still being sought. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91(suppl):262S-6S. C1 [Cheatham, Wayman Wendell] USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC USA. RP Cheatham, WW (reprint author), 6218 Black Cherry Circle, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. EM wayman.cheatham@med.navy.mil NR 51 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 91 IS 1 BP 262S EP 266S DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28449D PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 534SM UT WOS:000272917600037 PM 19923366 ER PT J AU Ramsier, MA Cunningham, AJ Finneran, JJ Dominy, NJ AF Ramsier, Marissa A. Cunningham, Andrew J. Finneran, James J. Dominy, Nathaniel J. TI Social drive and the coevolution of auditory sensitivity with group size in strepsirrhine primates. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physical-Anthropologists CY APR 14-17, 2010 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Assoc Phys Anthropol C1 [Ramsier, Marissa A.; Cunningham, Andrew J.; Dominy, Nathaniel J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Anthropol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Cunningham, Andrew J.] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Finneran, James J.] USN, Marine Mammal Program, SSC Pacific, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Dominy, Nathaniel J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2010 SU 50 BP 194 EP 194 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 565LT UT WOS:000275295200629 ER PT J AU Wells, TS LeardMann, CA Fortuna, SO Smith, B Smith, TC Ryan, MAK Boyko, EJ Blazer, D AF Wells, Timothy S. LeardMann, Cynthia A. Fortuna, Sarah O. Smith, Besa Smith, Tyler C. Ryan, Margaret A. K. Boyko, Edward J. Blazer, Dan CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI A Prospective Study of Depression Following Combat Deployment in Support of the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; PERSIAN-GULF-WAR; MILLENNIUM COHORT; MILITARY SERVICE; PRIMARY-CARE; US MILITARY; MAJOR DEPRESSION; UNITED-STATES; PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS AB Objective. We investigated relations between deployment and new-onset depression among US service members recently deployed to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Methods. We included 40219 Millennium Cohort Study participants who completed baseline and follow-up questionnaires and met inclusion criteria. Participants were identified with depression if they met the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Patient Health Questionnaire criteria for depression at follow-up, but not at baseline. Results. Deployed men and women with combat exposures had the highest onset of depression, followed by those not deployed and those deployed without combat exposures. Combat-deployed men and women were at increased risk for new-onset depression compared with nondeployed men and women (men: adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.13, 1.54; women: AOR=2.13; 95% CI=1.70, 2.65). Conversely, deployment without combat exposures led to decreased risk for new-onset depression compared with those who did not deploy (men: AOR=0.66; 95% CI=0.53, 0.83; women: AOR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.47, 0.89). Conclusions. Deployment with combat exposures is a risk factor for new-onset depression among US service members. Post-deployment screening may be beneficial for US service members exposed to combat. (Am J Public Health. 2010;100:90-99. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.155432) C1 [Wells, Timothy S.; Fortuna, Sarah O.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [LeardMann, Cynthia A.; Smith, Besa; Smith, Tyler C.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] USN, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Boyko, Edward J.] VA Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Blazer, Dan] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Wells, TS (reprint author), 711th HPW RHPA,Bldg 824,Room 206,2800 Q St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.wells@wpafb.af.mil RI Blazer II, Dan/D-6675-2012 FU Department of Defense [60002] FX This work represents report 08-06, supported by the Department of Defense, under work unit no. 60002.The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position ofthe Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of the Air- Force, Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs, or the US Govemment. NR 82 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 10 U2 17 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 2010 VL 100 IS 1 BP 90 EP 99 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2008.155432 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 538EK UT WOS:000273166800020 PM 19910353 ER PT J AU Smith, AD Harland, RC Testa, G Gentry, S AF Smith, Ann D. Harland, Robert C. Testa, Giuliano Gentry, Sommer TI Customized Markov Decision Process for Kidney Paired Donation Registries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th Annual State of the Art Winter Symposium of the American-Society-of-Transplant-Surgeons CY JAN 15-17, 2010 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP Amer Soc Transplant Surg C1 [Smith, Ann D.; Harland, Robert C.; Testa, Giuliano] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Gentry, Sommer] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 10 SU 1 BP 65 EP 65 PG 1 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 539ZC UT WOS:000273297900074 ER PT J AU Masterson, D AF Masterson, Dan TI Japanese Prayer Below the Equator: How Brazilians Believe in the Church of World Messianity SO AMERICAS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Masterson, Dan] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Masterson, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD AMER FRANCISCAN HIST PI WEST BETHESDA PA BOX 34440, WEST BETHESDA, MD 20817 USA SN 0003-1615 J9 AMERICAS JI Americas PD JAN PY 2010 VL 66 IS 3 SI SI BP 403 EP 404 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 546EV UT WOS:000273794100012 ER PT J AU North, SH Lock, EH King, TR Franek, JB Walton, SG Taitt, CR AF North, Stella H. Lock, Evgeniya H. King, Tiffany R. Franek, James B. Walton, Scott G. Taitt, Chris R. TI Effect of Physicochemical Anomalies of Soda-Lime Silicate Slides on Biomolecule Immobilization SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICROARRAY SUPPORT MATERIALS; MELT-DERIVED GLASS; ADSORBENT HETEROGENEITY; PROTEIN IMMOBILIZATION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SURFACE; IMMUNOASSAY; DURABILITY; ADSORPTION; MICROCHIPS AB Glass microscope slides are considered by many as the substrate of choice for microarray manufacturing due to their amenability to various surface chemistry modifications. The use of silanes to attach various functional groups onto glass slides has provided a versatile tool for the covalent immobilization of many diverse biomolecules of interest. We recently noted a dramatic reduction in biomolecule immobilization efficiency on standard microscope slides prepared using it well-characterized silanization method. A survey of commercial soda-lime slides yielded the surprising result that slides purchased prior to 2008 had superior immobilization efficiencies when compared to those purchased after 2008. Characterization of the slides by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle measurements, and atomic force microscopy (AFM), revealed a significant correlation (R > 0.9) between magnesium content, surface roughness, and bioimmobilization efficiency. High performance slides had higher magnesium content and higher root-mean-square (rms) roughness (P < 0.005) than slides with lower bioimmobilization efficiencies. Although the exact mechanism of how magnesium content and surface roughness affect silane deposition has not yet been defined, we show that recent changes in the chemical and physical properties of commercial soda-lime slides affect the ability of these slides to be covalently modified. C1 [North, Stella H.; King, Tiffany R.; Taitt, Chris R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lock, Evgeniya H.; Franek, James B.; Walton, Scott G.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chris.taitt@nrl.navy.mil FU American Society of Engineering Education; National Research Council; NSF Historically Black Colleges and Universities-Tribal College; Joint Science & Technology Office for Chemical & Biological Defense/Defense Threat Reduction Agency; Office of Naval Research FX S.H.N. and E.H.L. contributed equally to this work. The authors thank Drs. Marie Archer and Gusphyl Justin for their contribution of materials, technical assistance, and helpful discussions. S.H.N. and E.H.L. are recipients of the American Society of Engineering Education and National Research Council postdoctoral fellowships, respectively. T.R.K. Was Supported by an NSF Historically Black Colleges and Universities-Tribal College or University internship program. This work is funded by Joint Science & Technology Office for Chemical & Biological Defense/Defense Threat Reduction Agency and the Office of Naval Research. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not represent the opinions of the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Department of Defense, or the U.S. government. NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 1 BP 406 EP 412 DI 10.1021/ac902324r PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 539OT UT WOS:000273265700062 PM 20000446 ER PT J AU Anderson, GP Moore, M Charles, PT Goldman, ER AF Anderson, George P. Moore, Martin Charles, Paul T. Goldman, Ellen R. TI BEAD-BASED FLUID ARRAY DETECTION OF PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE: COMPARISON OF MONOCLONAL VS. LLAMA POLYCLONAL ANTIBODIES SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Fluid array immunoassay; Llama; Luminex; Microsphere; Pentaerythritol tetranitrate; PETN ID TNT; EXPLOSIVES; IMMUNOASSAYS; BIOSENSOR; HAPTEN AB In today's security conscious environment rapid detection of explosives, such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), the high energy material common in plastic explosives, is of critical importance. We evaluated two monoclonal antibodies and a rabbit polyclonal antibody, developed for the detection of PETN. Although these antibodies showed binding to bioconjugates of PETN as well as the hapten, PETN-succinate, we did not observe binding by free PETN. For demonstration of a competitive bead based fluid array immunoassay for PETN detection, we developed llama polyclonal antibody for the detection of free PETN. Our ultimate goal is developing anti-PETN single domain antibodies. C1 [Anderson, George P.; Moore, Martin; Charles, Paul T.; Goldman, Ellen R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goldman, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ellen.goldman@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 2010 VL 43 IS 18 BP 2913 EP 2922 DI 10.1080/00032711003763699 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 695DU UT WOS:000285351600010 ER PT B AU Beal, DN Bandyopadhyay, PR AF Beal, David N. Bandyopadhyay, Promode R. BE Taylor, GK Triantafyllou, MS Tropea, C TI A harmonic model of hydrodynamic forces produced by a flapping fin SO ANIMAL LOCOMOTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INSECT FLIGHT; VEHICLES AB The hydrodynamic control laws of unsteady fins inspired by swimming and flying animals are considered. A controller based on cycle-averaged forces requires a bandwidth lower than the flapping frequency, with correspondingly slow reactions to disturbances or commands in order to avoid undesirable feedback from the oscillating fins. A harmonic model of the periodic thruster forces was empirically found using a mechanical fin flapping in roll and pitch in hover, in uniform flow, and under various kinematic conditions. A multi-fin vehicle could use this model to account for the dominant non-linearities and minimize undesirable motions through coordinated control of individual fins. C1 [Beal, David N.; Bandyopadhyay, Promode R.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous Syst & Technol Dept, Newport, RI USA. RP Beal, DN (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous Syst & Technol Dept, Newport, RI USA. EM bealdn@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; bandyopadhyaypr@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-11632-2 PY 2010 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-11633-9_4 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-11633-9 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BPT79 UT WOS:000279884500004 ER PT B AU Jones, KD Platzer, MF AF Jones, Kevin D. Platzer, Max F. BE Taylor, GK Triantafyllou, MS Tropea, C TI Design and development considerations for biologically inspired flapping-wing micro air vehicles SO ANIMAL LOCOMOTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB In this paper, the decade of numerical and experimental investigations leading to the development of the authors unique flapping-wing micro air vehicle is summarized. Early investigations included the study of boundary layer energization by means or a small flapping foil embedded in a flat-plate boundary layer, the reduction of the recirculatory flow region behind a backward-facing step by means of a small flapping foil, and the reduction or suppression of flow separation behind blunt or cusped airfoil trailing edges by flapping a small foil located in the wake flow region. These studies were followed by systematic investigations of the aerodynamic characteristics of single flapping airfoils and airfoil combinations. These unsteady flows were described using flow visualization, laser-Doppler velocimetry in addition to panel and Navier-Stokes computations. It is then shown how this flapping-wing database was used to conceive, design and develop a micro air vehicle which has a fixed wing for lift and two flapping wings for thrust generation. While animal flight is characterized by a coupled force generation, the present design appears to separate lift and thrust. However, in fact, the performance of one surface is closely coupled to the other surfaces. C1 [Jones, Kevin D.; Platzer, Max F.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Jones, KD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM jones@nps.edu; mplatzer@nps.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-11632-2 PY 2010 BP 237 EP 248 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-11633-9_19 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-11633-9 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BPT79 UT WOS:000279884500019 ER PT J AU Mierla, M Inhester, B Antunes, A Boursier, Y Byrne, JP Colaninno, R Davila, J de Koning, CA Gallagher, PT Gissot, S Howard, RA Howard, TA Kramar, M Lamy, P Liewer, PC Maloney, S Marque, C McAteer, TJ Moran, T Rodriguez, L Srivastava, N Cyr, OCS Stenborg, G Temmer, M Thernisien, A Vourlidas, A West, MJ Wood, BE Zhukov, AN AF Mierla, M. Inhester, B. Antunes, A. Boursier, Y. Byrne, J. P. Colaninno, R. Davila, J. de Koning, C. A. Gallagher, P. T. Gissot, S. Howard, R. A. Howard, T. A. Kramar, M. Lamy, P. Liewer, P. C. Maloney, S. Marque, C. McAteer, T. J. Moran, T. Rodriguez, L. Srivastava, N. Cyr, O. C. St. Stenborg, G. Temmer, M. Thernisien, A. Vourlidas, A. West, M. J. Wood, B. E. Zhukov, A. N. TI On the 3-D reconstruction of Coronal Mass Ejections using coronagraph data SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Solar physics, astrophysics, and astronomy; Flares and mass ejections ID GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; STEREO MISSION; CONE MODEL; SECCHI; LASCO; CMES; ASSOCIATION; TRANSIENTS; SPACECRAFT; GEOMETRY AB Coronal Mass ejections (CMEs) are enormous eruptions of magnetized plasma expelled from the Sun into the interplanetary space, over the course of hours to days. They can create major disturbances in the interplanetary medium and trigger severe magnetic storms when they collide with the Earth's magnetosphere. It is important to know their real speed, propagation direction and 3-D configuration in order to accurately predict their arrival time at the Earth. Using data from the SECCHI coronagraphs onboard the STEREO mission, which was launched in October 2006, we can infer the propagation direction and the 3-D structure of such events. In this review, we first describe different techniques that were used to model the 3-D configuration of CMEs in the coronagraph field of view ( up to 15 R-circle dot). Then, we apply these techniques to different CMEs observed by various coronagraphs. A comparison of results obtained from the application of different reconstruction algorithms is presented and discussed. C1 [Mierla, M.] Romanian Acad, Inst Geodynam, Bucharest, Romania. [Mierla, M.; Gissot, S.; Marque, C.; Rodriguez, L.; West, M. J.; Zhukov, A. N.] Royal Observ Belgium, Solar Terr Ctr Excellence SIDC, Brussels, Belgium. [Inhester, B.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Antunes, A.; Howard, R. A.; Vourlidas, A.; Wood, B. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Boursier, Y.; Lamy, P.] Lab Astrophys Marseille, Marseille, France. [Boursier, Y.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Signal Proc Inst, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Byrne, J. P.; Gallagher, P. T.; Maloney, S.; McAteer, T. J.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Astrophys Res Grp, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Colaninno, R.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [de Koning, C. A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES SWPC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Howard, T. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Howard, T. A.] SW Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Kramar, M.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Liewer, P. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Srivastava, N.] Phys Res Lab, Udaipur Solar Observ, Udaipur, India. [Stenborg, G.] Interferometrics Inc, Herndon, VA USA. [Temmer, M.] Graz Univ, Inst Phys, Kanzelhohe Observ IGAM, Graz, Austria. [Thernisien, A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Zhukov, A. N.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. RP Mierla, M (reprint author), Romanian Acad, Inst Geodynam, Bucharest, Romania. EM mmierla@gmail.com RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; McAteer, R. T. James/D-3736-2011; Byrne, Jason/K-4827-2013; Maloney, Shane/G-6879-2016; Gallagher, Peter/C-7717-2011; OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Byrne, Jason/0000-0002-9412-8878; Gallagher, Peter/0000-0001-9745-0400; Temmer, Manuela/0000-0003-4867-7558 FU SIDC; ROB; Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Physics, University of Graz [APART 11262]; ESA; NASA FX M. M. would like to thank SIDC and ROB for the financial support and for the facilities to carry out this work. M. T. is a recipient of an APART-fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Physics, University of Graz (APART 11262). We acknowledge the SECCHI/STEREO and SOHO/LASCO consortia for providing the data. The SEC-CHI data used here were produced by an international consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory (USA), Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab (USA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (USA), Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), University of Birmingham (UK), Max-Planck Institute for Solar System Research (Germany), Centre Spatiale de Liege (Belgium), Institut d'Optique Theorique et Appliquee (France), Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (France). The LASCO data used here were produced by an international consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory (USA), the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (France, the former Laboratoire d'Astronomie Spatiale), the Max-Planck Institute for Solar System Research (Germany), and the School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, (UK). SoHO is a project of joint collaboration by ESA and NASA. NR 73 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 1 BP 203 EP 215 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 550OI UT WOS:000274136900019 ER PT J AU Krall, J Huba, JD Joyce, G Yokoyama, T AF Krall, J. Huba, J. D. Joyce, G. Yokoyama, T. TI Density enhancements associated with equatorial spread F SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; Equatorial ionosphere; Ionosphere-atmosphere interactions; Ionospheric irregularities ID LOW-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; HINOTORI SATELLITE; IMPEDANCE PROBE; PLASMA BUBBLES; REGION; MODEL; IRREGULARITIES; WINDS; BOARD AB Forces governing the three-dimensional structure of equatorial spread-F (ESF) plumes are examined using the NRL SAMI3/ESF three-dimensional simulation code. As is the case with the equatorial ionization anomaly (IA), density crests within the plume occur where gravitational and diffusive forces are in balance. Large < B > E x < B > B drifts within the ESF plume place these crests on field lines with apex heights higher than those of the background IA crests. Large poleward field-aligned ion velocities within the plume result in large ion-neutral diffusive forces that support these ionization crests at altitudes higher than background IA crest altitudes. We show examples in which density enhancements associated with ESF, also called 'plasma blobs,' can occur within an ESF plume on density-crest field lines, at or above the density crests. Simulated ESF density enhancements reproduce all key features of those that have been observed in situ. C1 [Krall, J.; Huba, J. D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Joyce, G.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. [Yokoyama, T.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Krall, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6790,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.krall@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; NASA FX The authors would like to thank Sidney Ossakow of Berkeley Research Associates for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and NASA. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 2 BP 327 EP 337 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 561RH UT WOS:000274995800001 ER PT J AU Lepping, RP Wu, CC AF Lepping, R. P. Wu, C. -C. TI Selection effects in identifying magnetic clouds and the importance of the closest approach parameter SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Interplanetary physics; Interplanetary magnetic fields; Solar wind plasma ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; INTER-PLANETARY SHOCK; SOLAR-WIND ELECTRONS; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; FIELD STRUCTURE; DRIVER GAS; COSMIC-RAY; 1 AU; VOYAGER AB This study is motivated by the unusually low number of magnetic clouds (MCs) that are strictly identified within interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), as observed at 1 AU; this is usually estimated to be around 30% or lower. But a looser definition of MCs may significantly increase this percentage. Another motivation is the unexpected shape of the occurrence distribution of the observers' 'closest approach distances' (measured from a MC's axis, and called CA) which drops off somewhat rapidly as |CA| (in % of MC radius) approaches 100%, based on earlier studies. We suggest, for various geometrical and physical reasons, that the |CA|-distribution should be somewhere between a uniform one and the one actually observed, and therefore the 30% estimate should be higher. So we ask, When there is a failure to identify a MC within an ICME, is it occasionally due to a large |CA| passage, making MC identification more difficult, i.e., is it due to an event selection effect? In attempting to answer this question we examine WIND data to obtain an accurate distribution of the number of MCs vs. |CA| distance, whether the event is ICME-related or not, where initially a large number of cases (N=98) are considered. This gives a frequence distribution that is far from uniform, confirming earlier studies. This along with the fact that there are many ICME identification-parameters that do not depend on |CA| suggest that, indeed an MC event selection effect may explain at least part of the low ratio of (No. MCs)/(No. ICMEs). We also show that there is an acceptable geometrical and physical consistency in the relationships for both average 'normalized' magnetic field intensity change and field direction change vs. |CA| within a MC, suggesting that our estimates of |CA|, B(O) (magnetic field intensity on the axis), and choice of a proper 'cloud coordinate' system (all needed in the analysis) are acceptably accurate. Therefore, the MC fitting model (Lepping et al., 1990) is adequate, on average, for our analysis. However, this selection effect is not likely to completely answer our original question, on the unexpected ratio of MCs to ICMEs, so we must look for other factors, such as peculiarities of CME birth conditions. As a by-product of this analysis, we determine that the first order structural effects within a MC due to its interaction with the solar wind, plus the MC's usual expansion at 1 AU (i.e., the non-force free components of the MC's field) are, on average, weakly dependent on radial distance from the MC's axis; that is, in the outer reaches of a typical MC the non-force free effects show up, but even there they are rather weak. Finally, we show that it is not likely that a MC's size distribution statistically controls the occurrence distribution of the estimated |CA|s. C1 [Wu, C. -C.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Lepping, R. P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliosphys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wu, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM chin-chun.wu@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA [NNG08EF51P, NNX07AH85G] FX We thank the WIND/MFI and SWE teams, for the care they employ in producing the plasma and field data used for part of this work, and in particular we thank Keith Ogilvie, the SWE principal investigator, and Adam Szabo (PI) and Franco Mariani of the MFI team. We thank Daniel Berdichevsky for helpful comments. We are very grateful to the referee for pointing out an error in our original computation of the average model field across a magnetic cloud. This work was supported by the NASA Helio-physics Guest Investigator and Living With a Star programs under grant numbers NNG08EF51P and NNX07AH85G. NR 56 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1539 EP 1552 DI 10.5194/angeo-28-1539-2010 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 645EC UT WOS:000281432700008 ER PT J AU Krall, J Huba, JD Ossakow, SL Joyce, G AF Krall, J. Huba, J. D. Ossakow, S. L. Joyce, G. TI Equatorial spread F fossil plumes SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; Equatorial ionosphere; Ionosphere-atmosphere interactions; Ionospheric irregularities ID MERIDIONAL WIND CONTROL; LOW-LATITUDE; ELECTRIC-FIELD; IONOSPHERE; MODEL; IRREGULARITIES; SIMULATION; SATELLITE; ISSUES; SYSTEM AB Behaviour of equatorial spread F (ESF) fossil plumes, i.e., ESF plumes that have stopped rising, is examined using the NRL SAMI3/ESF three-dimensional simulation code. We find that fossil bubbles, plasma density depletions associated with fossil plumes, can persist as high-altitude equatorial depletions even while being "blown" by zonal winds. Corresponding airglow-proxy images of fossil plumes, plots of electron density versus longitude and latitude at a constant altitude of 288 km, are shown to partially "fill in" in most cases, beginning with the highest altitude field lines within the plume. Specifically, field lines upon which the E field has fallen entirely to zero are affected and only the low altitude (<= 600 km) portion if each field line fills in. This suggests that it should be possible to observe a bubble at high altitude on a field line for which the corresponding airglow image no longer shows a depletion. In all cases ESF plumes stop rising when the flux-tube-integrated ion mass density inside the upper edge of the bubble is equal to that of the nearby background, further supporting the result of Krall et al. (2010b). C1 [Krall, J.; Huba, J. D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ossakow, S. L.] Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Joyce, G.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Krall, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6790,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.krall@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; NASA FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and NASA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 11 BP 2059 EP 2069 DI 10.5194/angeo-28-2059-2010 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 687EM UT WOS:000284760900005 ER PT S AU Harms, JW AF Harms, Jeffrey W. GP IEEE TI Revision of MIL-HDBK-217, Reliability Prediction of Electronic Equipment SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2010 PROCEEDINGS SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium/International Symposium on Product Quality and Integrity CY JAN 25-28, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP AIAA, IEEE, ASQ, IEST, IIE, SAE, SOLE, SRE, SSS DE reliability; prediction AB This paper will discuss current efforts in the revision of MIL-HDBK-217, Military Handbook, Reliability Prediction of Electronic Equipment. It has been over a decade since this reliability prediction handbook was last updated, yet it remains the most widely used reliability prediction method for electronic equipment. In February 2008, the Defense Standardization Program Office (DSPO) tasked the Crane Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC Crane), as the Preparing Activity, to revise MIL-HDBK-217. A plan has been created to refresh the handbook and to look at adding a new approach to better reflect reliability of electronic equipment. A working group of individuals representing Department of Defense (DoD) and industry has been established to conduct this revision. Development and implementation of solutions that reflect industry best practices and DoD needs is critical for success. Results of this task are planned to be new revisions of MIL-HDBK-217. These revisions will provide an updated reliability prediction tool that will assist reliability engineers in performing their work. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane Div, Crane, IN 47421 USA. RP Harms, JW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane Div, Bldg 3334,Code GXMQ,300 Highway 361, Crane, IN 47421 USA. EM jeffrey.harms@navy.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-4244-5103-6 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2010 PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BTL33 UT WOS:000287207000025 ER PT S AU Turner, CH Wang, X Lau, KC An, W Dunlap, BI AF Turner, C. Heath Wang, Xian Lau, Kah Chun An, Wei Dunlap, Brett I. BE Wheeler, RA TI Atomistic Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells SO ANNUAL REPORTS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 6 SE Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE solid oxide fuel cell; modeling; kinetic Monte Carlo; frequency response; atomistic; density functional theory; electrochemistry ID KINETIC MONTE-CARLO; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; 1ST-PRINCIPLES-BASED MOLECULAR SIMULATION; TRANSITION-METAL SURFACES; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; OXYGEN REDUCTION; REACTION-MECHANISM; AC-IMPEDANCE AB In order to improve the performance, reliability, and efficiency of solid oxide fuel cells, it is important to understand the underlying atomic-level interactions and mechanisms that dictate the global operation dynamics. As a complement to the ongoing experimental progress in this area, a great deal of atomistic-level modeling studies has recently appeared in the literature. This chapter reviews the development of kinetic Monte Carlo simulation approaches for translating atomic-level information into experimentally observable properties. The combination of advanced experimental techniques with atomic-level simulations should provide the insight necessary for the optimal design of next-generation fuel cells. C1 [Turner, C. Heath; Wang, Xian; An, Wei] Univ Alabama, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Lau, Kah Chun] George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Dunlap, Brett I.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Turner, CH (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. OI Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 NR 139 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1400 BN 978-0-444-53553-5; 978-0-444-53552-8 J9 ANN REP COMP CHEM PY 2010 VL 6 BP 201 EP 234 DI 10.1016/S1574-1400(10)06011-1 PG 34 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BCS38 UT WOS:000311275000012 ER PT S AU Pomfret, MB Owrutsky, JC Walker, RA AF Pomfret, Michael B. Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. Walker, Robert A. BE Yeung, ES Zare, RN TI In Situ Optical Studies of Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 3 SE Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE spectroscopy; thermal imaging; infrared; Raman ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; SULFUR-TOLERANT ANODE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; DIRECT-OXIDATION; ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE; TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION; CATHODE MATERIALS; ELECTROLYTE FILM; SOFC ANODES; THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS AB Thermal imaging and vibrational spectroscopy have become important tools for examining the physical and chemical changes that occur in real time in solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Imaging techniques can resolve temperature differences as fine as 0.1 degrees C across a SOFC electrode at temperatures higher than 600 degrees C. Vibrational spectroscopy can identify molecular species and changes in material phases in operating SOFCs. This review discusses the benefits and challenges associated with directly observing processes that are important to SOFC performance and durability. In situ optical methods can provide direct insight into reaction mechanisms that can be inferred only indirectly from electrochemical measurements such as voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and from kinetic models and postmortem, ex situ examinations of SOFC components. Particular attention is devoted to recent advances that, hopefully, will spur the development of new generations of efficient, versatile energy-producing devices. C1 [Pomfret, Michael B.; Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.] USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Walker, Robert A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Pomfret, MB (reprint author), USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rawalker@chemistry.montana.edu RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 143 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 76 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1936-1327 BN 978-0-8243-4403-0 J9 ANNU REV ANAL CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. PY 2010 VL 3 BP 151 EP 174 DI 10.1146/annurev.anchem.111808.073641 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BQB83 UT WOS:000280599500008 PM 20636038 ER PT S AU Dharmasiri, U Witek, MA Adams, AA Soper, SA AF Dharmasiri, Udara Witek, Malgorzata A. Adams, Andre A. Soper, Steven A. BE Yeung, ES Zare, RN TI Microsystems for the Capture of Low-Abundance Cells SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 3 SE Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE cell capture and enumeration; circulating tumor cells; size-based selection; immunoaffinity capture; fluorescence-activated sorters; dielectrophoretic separation ID CIRCULATING TUMOR-CELLS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELLS; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MATERNAL CIRCULATION AB Efficient selection and enumeration of low-abundance biological cells are highly important in a variety of applications. For example, the clinical utility of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood is recognized as a viable biomarker for the management of various cancers, in which the clinically relevant number of CTCs per 7.5 ml of blood is two to five. Although there are several methods for isolating rare cells from a variety of heterogeneous samples, such as immunomagnetic-assisted cell sorting and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, they are fraught with challenges. Microsystem-based technologies are providing new opportunities for selecting and isolating rare cells from complex, heterogeneous samples. Such approaches involve reductions in target-cell loss, process automation, and minimization of contamination issues. In this review, we introduce different application areas requiring rare cell analysis, conventional techniques for their selection, and finally microsystem approaches for low-abundance-cell isolation and enumeration. C1 [Dharmasiri, Udara; Witek, Malgorzata A.; Adams, Andre A.; Soper, Steven A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Soper, Steven A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Dharmasiri, Udara; Witek, Malgorzata A.; Soper, Steven A.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Biomodular Multiscale Syst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Adams, Andre A.] USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dharmasiri, U (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM udharm1@tigers.lsu.edu; mwitek@lsu.edu; aadadams@alumni.lsu.edu; chsope@lsu.edu OI Adams, Andre/0000-0002-2979-249X FU NCI NIH HHS [R33 CA099246-01] NR 102 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 44 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1936-1327 BN 978-0-8243-4403-0 J9 ANNU REV ANAL CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. PY 2010 VL 3 BP 409 EP 431 DI 10.1146/annurev.anchem.111808.073610 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BQB83 UT WOS:000280599500019 PM 20636049 ER PT J AU Berck, P Lipow, J Plessner, Y AF Berck, Peter Lipow, Jonathan Plessner, Yakir TI Defense planning and fiscal strategy SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PROCUREMENT AB In this article, we consider the optimal fiscal strategy of a government interested in maximizing expected social welfare in the face of a potential future security threat. While the common wisdom is that countries facing security threats should seek to bolster their fiscal position in order to 'save for a rainy day', we find that the optimization of expected social welfare may require governments to run 'precautionary' fiscal deficits. C1 [Lipow, Jonathan] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Resource Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Berck, Peter] UC Berkeley, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Berkeley, CA USA. [Plessner, Yakir] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Agr Econ & Management, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Lipow, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Resource Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jlipow@oberlin.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1350-4851 J9 APPL ECON LETT JI Appl. Econ. Lett. PY 2010 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1063 EP 1065 DI 10.1080/00036840902817557 PG 3 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 630HO UT WOS:000280264100007 ER PT J AU Sweeney, JC Stone, R Campbell, M McBain, J St Leger, J Xitco, M Jensen, E Ridgway, S AF Sweeney, Jay C. Stone, Rae Campbell, Michelle McBain, Jim St Leger, Judy Xitco, Mark Jensen, Eric Ridgway, Sam TI Comparative Survivability of Tursiops Neonates from Three U.S. Institutions for the Decades 1990-1999 and 2000-2009 SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE Tursiops; neonate; survivability; monitoring; intervention ID LACTATION AB Animal managers from three institutions that hold Tursiops truncatus participated in a workshop directed at documenting survivability of Tursiops neonates (birth to 30 d of age) in their managed populations. Key information was generated for the period 1990 through 2009 for the three organizations. Included in the findings are (1) documentation of the total live births, total fatalities, and causal factors of neonate losses; (2) recommendations for optimizing animal management procedures through standardized monitoring and husbandry intervention techniques, resulting in the best possible survivability of neonates; and (3) comparison of neonate survivability between the years 1990 to 1999 (78.2% of live births) and 2000 to 2009 (90.6% of live births), the latter decade representing progressing improvements in survivability resulting from recommended animal management procedures. C1 [Sweeney, Jay C.; Stone, Rae; Campbell, Michelle] Dolphin Quest Inc, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [McBain, Jim; St Leger, Judy] SeaWorld Pk & Entertainment, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. [Xitco, Mark; Jensen, Eric; Ridgway, Sam] USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Biosci Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Sweeney, JC (reprint author), Dolphin Quest Inc, 1880 Harbor Isl Dr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM jsweeney@dolphinquest.com NR 7 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2010 VL 36 IS 3 BP 248 EP 261 DI 10.1578/AM.36.3.2010.248 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 670UJ UT WOS:000283452500004 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Abraham, P Mascarella, SW Flippen-Anderson, J Deschamps, JR Carroll, FI AF Zhang, Xing Abraham, Philip Mascarella, S. Wayne Flippen-Anderson, Judith Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Carroll, F. Ivy TI Enantioselective synthesis of strobamine and its analogues SO ARKIVOC LA English DT Article DE Strobamine; epi-strobamine; heterocycles ID KNIGHTIA-STROBILINA; GAMMA-PYRANOTROPANES; TROPANE ALKALOIDS; 2-BENZYLTROPANES; CALEDONIA; PLANTS AB (2S,5S,8R)-Strobamine (+)-1a was synthesized by adding cinnamoyl cyanide 6a to tropinone 3 lithium enolate generated by treatment of (S, S')-alpha, alpha-dimethyldibenzylamide with butyl lithium in the presence of lithium chloride to give (-)-chalcostrobamine (-)-7a, which yielded a one-to-one mixture of (+)-1a and its C-2 epimer (-)-2a on treatment with 2N sulfuric acid. Compounds (+)-1a and (-)-2a could be separated by column chromatography. (-)-Strobamine (-)-1a and (+)-2a were synthesized by a similar set of reactions using the tropinone 3 lithium enolate generated with butyl lithium in the presence of (R, R')-alpha, alpha'-dimethyldibenzylamide and lithium chloride. (+)- and (-)-p-Methylstrobamine (+)- and (-)-1b and (+)- and (-)-epi-p-methylstrobamine (+)- and (-)-2b were synthesized by a similar procedure. The absolute configuration of (+)-epi-p-methylstrobamine (+)-2b was determined by X-ray analysis to have the (2S,5R,8S) configuration. C1 [Zhang, Xing; Abraham, Philip; Mascarella, S. Wayne; Carroll, F. Ivy] Res Triangle Inst, Ctr Organ & Med Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Flippen-Anderson, Judith; Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carroll, FI (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, Ctr Organ & Med Chem, POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM fic@rti.org OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU National Institute on Drug Abuse [DA05477, Y1-DA6002] FX This work was supported in part by the National Institute on Drug Abuse grant number DA05477. Support for the X-ray crystallographic studies was provided by the National Institute on Drug Abuse contract Y1-DA6002. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ARKAT USA INC PI GAINESVILLE PA C/O ALAN R KATRITZKY, UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT CHEMISTRY, PO BOX 117200, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA SN 1551-7004 J9 ARKIVOC JI Arkivoc PY 2010 BP 96 EP 103 PN 4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 703PP UT WOS:000285991600009 ER PT B AU Philippon, MJ Dewing, CB Briggs, KK AF Philippon, Marc J. Dewing, Christopher B. Briggs, Karen K. BE Kelly, BT Philippon, MJ TI Arthroscopic Acetabular Labral Repair With Rim Trimming and Femoral Head-Neck Osteoplasty SO ARTHROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES OF THE HIP: A VISUAL GUIDE SE Visual Arthroscopy Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL; HIP ARTHROSCOPY; DIAGNOSIS; IMPINGEMENT; TEARS; SEAL C1 [Briggs, Karen K.] Steadman Hawkins Res Fdn, Vail, CO USA. [Dewing, Christopher B.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-886-9 J9 VIS ARTHROSC SER PY 2010 BP 59 EP 66 PG 8 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA BMM92 UT WOS:000272863700005 ER PT B AU Philippon, MJ Dewing, CB Huang, M Bortz, PS AF Philippon, Marc J. Dewing, Christopher B. Huang, Michael Bortz, Penny S. BE Kelly, BT Philippon, MJ TI Arthroscopic Acetabular Labral Reconstruction Using Iliotibial Band Autograft SO ARTHROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES OF THE HIP: A VISUAL GUIDE SE Visual Arthroscopy Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL; HIP ARTHROSCOPY; DIAGNOSIS; IMPINGEMENT; TEARS; SEAL C1 [Dewing, Christopher B.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Huang, Michael] Rocky Mt Orthopaed Associates PC, Grand Junction, CO USA. [Bortz, Penny S.] Steadman Hawkins Res Fdn, Vail, CO USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-886-9 J9 VIS ARTHROSC SER PY 2010 BP 163 EP 170 PG 8 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA BMM92 UT WOS:000272863700013 ER PT B AU Lucas, GR AF Lucas, George R. BE Kassimeris, G Buckley, J TI "Forgetful Warriors": Neglected Lessons on Leadership from Plato's Republic SO ASHGATE RESEARCH COMPANION TO MODERN WARFARE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lucas, George R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Lucas, George R.] French Mil Acad St Cyr, Ctr Eth, Guer, France. RP Lucas, GR (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7546-9177-8; 978-0-7546-7410-8 PY 2010 BP 329 EP 339 PG 11 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BA3RX UT WOS:000334697000020 ER PT J AU Hafez, MM AF Hafez, Mohammed M. TI The Alchemy of Martyrdom: Jihadi Salafism and Debates over Suicide Bombings in the Muslim World SO ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE suicide bombings; suicide bombers; martyrdom; Jihadi Salafism AB Suicide attacks by radical Islamists mainly target and harm their co-religionists. Whether in Iraq, Afghanistan or Pakistan, suicide bombers are increasingly directing their blows against Muslims, including non-combatants, they label apostates, infidels or collaborators with foreign powers. The culprits for this indiscriminate carnage are primarily radical Sunnis known as Jihadi Salafists. How could these Sunni radicals square their Islamic legitimacy with three clearly established prohibitions in Islam: Do not kill yourself, do not killing non-combatants, and do not kill fellow Muslims? Jihadi Salafists circumvent these commands by redefining the meaning of piety in Islam to frame their co-religionists as apostates and heretics outside the protective umbrella of Islam. They also give primacy to human intentionality in warfare to frame self-immolation as martyrdom, not suicide. Finally, they unearth rulings by medieval scholars that permit indiscriminate tactics during warfare to protect the collective interests of Muslims. The case of Al-Qaeda in Iraq and its indiscriminate suicide bombings illustrate these justifications. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hafez, MM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mmhafez@nps.edu NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-4849 J9 ASIAN J SOC SCI JI Asian J. Soc. Sci. PY 2010 VL 38 IS 3 BP 364 EP 378 DI 10.1163/156853110X499927 PG 15 WC Area Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Area Studies; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 615GI UT WOS:000279122100003 ER PT B AU Hamilton, LJ Cowart, JS Lee, JE Amorosso, RE AF Hamilton, Leonard J. Cowart, Jim S. Lee, Jasen E. Amorosso, Ryan E. GP ASME TI THE EFFECTS OF INTAKE PLENUM VOLUME ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A SMALL NATURALLY ASPIRATED RESTRICTED ENGINE SO ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE 2009, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal-Combustion-Engine-Division Fall Technical Conference CY SEP 27-30, 2009 CL Lucerne, SWITZERLAND SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div AB Intake tuning is a widely recognized method for optimizing the performance of a naturally aspirated engine for motorsports applications. Wave resonance and Helmholtz theories are useful for predicting the impact of intake runner length on engine performance. However, there is very little information in the literature regarding the effects of intake plenum volume. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of intake plenum volume on steady state and transient engine performance for a restricted naturally aspirated engine for Formula SAE (FSAE) vehicle use. Testing was conducted on a four cylinder 600 cc motorcycle engine fitted with a 20 mm restrictor in compliance with FSAE competition rules. Plenum sizes were varied from 2 to 10 times engine displacement (1.2 to 6.0 L) and engine speeds were varied from 3,000 to 12,500 RPM. Performance metrics including volumetric efficiency, torque and power were recorded at steady state conditions. Experimental results showed that engine performance increased modestly as plenum volume was increased from 2 to 8 times engine displacement (4.8L). Increasing plenum volume beyond 4.8L resulted in significant improvement in performance parameters. Overall, peak power was shown to increase from 54 kW to 63 kW over the range of plenums tested. Additionally, transient engine performance was evaluated using extremely fast (60 msec) throttle opening times for the full range of plenum sizes tested. In-cylinder pressure was used to calculate cycle-resolved gross indicated mean effective pressure (IMEPg) development during these transients. Interestingly, the cases with the largest plenum sizes only took 1 2 extra cycles (30 - 60 msec) to achieve maximum IMEPg levels when compared to the smaller volumes. In fact the differences were so minor that it would be doubtful that a driver would notice the lag. Additional metrics included time for the plenums to fill and an analysis of manifold absolute pressure (MAP) and peak in-cylinder pressure development during and after the throttle transient. Plenums below 4.8L completely filled even before the transient was completed. C1 [Hamilton, Leonard J.; Cowart, Jim S.; Lee, Jasen E.; Amorosso, Ryan E.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hamilton, LJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4363-5 PY 2010 BP 513 EP 521 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRL36 UT WOS:000283013000051 ER PT B AU Michopoulos, JG Zaruba, GV AF Michopoulos, J. G. Zaruba, G. V. GP ASME TI A PORTABLE COMPUTATIONAL CLUSTER FOR MODELING AND SIMULATION SO ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE cluster; message passing interface; distributed memory; shared memory fire dynamics AB In the present paper we are describing the development of a portable computational cluster infrastructure based on Apple's Mac Mini systems The objective of this effort is to initiate the exploration of the feasibility for building and evaluating a low cost computational cluster system that could be portable due to the small form factor of the individual units while it could still provide considerable computational scalability Here we outline our experiences in the form of a how-to methodology for setting up a MAC OS X 104 cluster for Xgrid and three popular versions of Message Passing Interface (MPI), i e, OpenMPI, LAM-MPI, and MPICH2 Subsequently, we describe some performance measurements through the utilization of the Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) for two cases of reactive flow topologies Finally, Xgrid with OpenMPI throughput and latency performance results are presented and discussed C1 [Michopoulos, J. G.] USN, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), USN, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4899-9 PY 2010 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BSU94 UT WOS:000285850200007 ER PT B AU Michopoulos, JG Iliopoulos, AP AF Michopoulos, J. G. Iliopoulos, A. P. GP ASME TI A COMPUTATIONAL WORKBENCH FOR REMOTE FULL FIELD 2D DISPLACEMENT AND STRAIN MEASUREMENTS SO ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Computers & Info Engn Div ID DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION; DEFORMATION FUNCTION AB The present paper reports on the progress towards the development of a computational workbench infrastructure that implements the Mesh Free Random Grid Method (MFRGM) for the remote (non contact) measurement of displacement and strain fields The method is applicable to structures bounded by flat surfaces that deform under various mechanical and generalized loading conditions A brief description of MFRGM is followed by the description of the current prototype of a software workbench developed for the computational implementation of the algorithms involved with the analysis display and export of the experimental results associated with any specific applications of the method Displacement validation as well as two examples of its usage are also presented C1 [Michopoulos, J. G.] USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Res Lab, Code 6394, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4899-9 PY 2010 BP 55 EP 63 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BSU94 UT WOS:000285850200008 ER PT B AU Iliopoulos, AP Michopoulos, JG AF Iliopoulos, A. P. Michopoulos, J. G. GP ASME TI EFFECTS OF ANISOTROPY ON THE PERFORMANCE SENSITIVITY OF THE MESH-FREE RANDOM GRID METHOD FOR WHOLE FIELD STRAIN MEASUREMENT SO ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Computers & Info Engn Div DE Whole field Strain Measurement; Digital Imaging; Displacement Measurement; Simulation; Material Characterization; Anisotropic continua ID DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION; DEFORMATION FUNCTION AB The recently developed mesh-free random grid method (MFRGM) has been exhibiting very promising characteristics of accuracy, adaptability, implementation flexibility and efficiency These are essential features enabling material characterization methodologies that depend on the experimental measurement of displacement and strain fields The aim of the present paper is to present a sensitivity analysis that aids into determining the effects of the material or loading orientation of an anisotropic medium with an open hole and critical computational parameters characterizing the MFRGM in terms of its accuracy performance First a brief outline of the MFRGM is provided A sensitivity analysis based on the effect of the orientation angle of an anisotropic medium with an open hole is presented for a realistic choice of experimental (optical) characteristics Finally, the effects of the mean dot size and dot distance (that an essential experimental parameters of the method) on the strain fields, are presented C1 [Iliopoulos, A. P.] USN, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Iliopoulos, AP (reprint author), USN, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Res Lab, Code 6394, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4899-9 PY 2010 BP 65 EP 74 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BSU94 UT WOS:000285850200009 ER PT B AU DeGiorgi, VG Wiimmer, SA AF DeGiorgi, V. G. Wiimmer, S. A. GP ASME TI A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION INTO GEOMETRIC AND SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERACTING FIELDS FOR SHIPBOARD CP SYSTEMS SO ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Computers & Info Engn Div AB Electrical fields generated from cathodic protection systems occur not only on the structure's surface but in the surrounding electrolyte The value of off-board and on-board fields are determined by the combined effects of strength and spatial orientation of sources and sinks on the structure and in the surrounding region Typically shipboard ICCP system analysis, either computational or experimental, deals with a single ship far from any sources and sinks that are not directly attached to the ship structure In this work the authors use boundary element methods to generate preliminary analyses of the effects of a source in the surrounding media on both the calculated fields on the structure and the off-board fields measured near the structure This work is scoping analyses designed to help design experimental work investigating the effects of off-board sources C1 [DeGiorgi, V. G.; Wiimmer, S. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeGiorgi, VG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6350,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4899-9 PY 2010 BP 177 EP 183 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BSU94 UT WOS:000285850200021 ER PT B AU Wimmer, SA DeGiorgi, VG Hogan, EA AF Wimmer, Stephanie A. DeGiorgi, Virginia G. Hogan, Elizabeth A. GP ASME TI COMPUTATIONAL PREDICTION OF ELECTRIC FIELDS IN SHALLOW WATER TESTING ENVIRONMENT SO ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB There has been an increased need for understanding of how ship's cathodic protection systems work in shallow water environment This is a result of the evolving role of the US Navy The existing cathodic protection system design process relies on experimental processes This paper investigates a proposed modification to a deep water experimental facility to allow for measurements of electrical fields, a pertinent design measurement, in shallow water conditions The modifications involve the insertion of a false bottom in the existing deep water tank The work presented here are a series of computational studies that establish that the insertion of a false bottom would provide an electric field environment that is equivalent to shallow water for the depths considered C1 [Wimmer, Stephanie A.; DeGiorgi, Virginia G.; Hogan, Elizabeth A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wimmer, SA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4899-9 PY 2010 BP 185 EP 191 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BSU94 UT WOS:000285850200022 ER PT B AU Lambrakos, SG Michopoulos, JG AF Lambrakos, S. G. Michopoulos, J. G. GP ASME TI EXTREME FILTERING OF RAPID ENERGY DEPOSITION AND ITS MULTISCALE IMPLICATIONS SO ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Computers & Info Engn Div DE multiscale; inverse problems; heat deposition; nonequilibrium; filtering; Fourier transform AB The present paper focuses on rapid energy deposition processes, where there is extremely strong filtering of spatial and temporal structure within the associated diffusion pattern This strong filtering tends to establish conditions where reconstruction of detailed features of the energy source using data-driven inverse analysis is not well posed These strong filtering conditions imply that information that is available concerning the coupling of energy into a spatial region of interest from the site of surface deposition will be difficult to correlate with experimental observations of the associated energy diffusion pattern The analysis and simulations imply that rapid energy deposition should be characterized by two distinctly separate scales for both spatial and temporal structures Accordingly, the inverse rapid energy deposition problem requires a formulation with respect to system parameterization that 1, in terms of two separate sets of parameters One represents the energy source characteristics on spatial and temporal scales commensurate with that of thermal diffusivity within the material, and the other represents energy source characteristics on spatial and temporal scales commensurate with those of surface phenomena C1 [Lambrakos, S. G.; Michopoulos, J. G.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lambrakos, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Code 6394, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4899-9 PY 2010 BP 247 EP 253 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BSU94 UT WOS:000285850200029 ER PT B AU Michopoulos, JG Iliopoulos, AP Furukawa, T AF Michopoulos, J. G. Iliopoulos, A. P. Furukawa, T. GP ASME TI ACCURACY OF INVERSE COMPOSITE LAMINATE CHARACTERIZATION VIA THE MESH FREE RANDOM GRID METHOD SO ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Computers & Info Engn Div ID DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION; DEFORMATION FUNCTION; MULTIAXIAL TESTS; IDENTIFICATION; DESIGN AB The present paper reports on the progress towards the evaluation of the Mesh Free Random Grid Method (MFRGM) for the inverse constitutive characterization of composite materials The method provides the capability for the remote (non contact) measurement of displacement and strain fields of structures bounded by flat surface, that deform under various mechanical and generalized loading conditions The known forward solution of an anisotropic plate with an open hole, loaded at infinity, is used to generate synthetic images MFRG The inverse problem for determining the constitutive parameters formulated directly on the generalized constitutive law Performance of the technique is evaluated by the usage of just one frame corresponding to one set of strain state for various amounts of noise The evaluation is repeated by utilizing frames corresponding to different rotations of the laminate relative to the loading direction Finally the exceedingly accurate behavior of the methodology is discussed C1 [Michopoulos, J. G.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Code 6394, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4899-9 PY 2010 BP 367 EP 374 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BSU94 UT WOS:000285850200043 ER PT B AU Kwon, YW Schultz, WA Loup, DC Rasmussen, EA AF Kwon, Y. W. Schultz, W. A. Loup, D. C. Rasmussen, E. A. BE Segall, A TI EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MODE II FRACTURE OF HYBRID COMPOSITE AND METAL-WIRE JOINTS SO ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2009, VOL 3: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB In order to join a composite structure to a metallic structure, metal-wire mats were co-cured with composite laminas using the Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) technique. Then, interface fracture toughness was measured for Mode II fracture for various lay-up and interface conditions. The study included interfaces of metal-wire to composite, composite to composite, and metal-wire to metal-wire. In addition, the lay-up orientations of metal-wire mats were either 0 or 90 degrees. The study also examined the crack propagation from a composite to a metal/composite interface. During the test, the digital image correlation technique was applied to capture the strain field around the crack tip. The results suggested that a hybrid metal-wire/composite laminate would be effective to connect a composite structure to a metallic structure as long as some critical interface conditions were avoided. C1 [Kwon, Y. W.; Schultz, W. A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Mech & Astro Eng Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Mech & Astro Eng Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4366-6 PY 2010 BP 351 EP 357 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRF59 UT WOS:000282619600040 ER PT J AU Fridlund, M Eiroa, C Henning, T Herbst, T Lammer, H Leger, A Liseau, R Paresce, F Penny, A Quirrenbach, A Rottgering, H Selsis, F White, GJ Absil, O Defrere, D Hanot, C Stam, D Schneider, J Tinetti, G Karlsson, A Gondoin, P den Hartog, R D'Arcio, L Stankov, AM Kilter, M Erd, C Beichman, C Coulter, D Danchi, W Devirian, M Johnston, KJ Lawson, P Lay, OP Lunine, J Kaltenegger, L AF Fridlund, Malcolm Eiroa, Carlos Henning, Thomas Herbst, Tom Lammer, Helmut Leger, Alain Liseau, Rene Paresce, Francesco Penny, Alan Quirrenbach, Andreas Rottgering, Huub Selsis, Franck White, Glenn J. Absil, Olivier Defrere, Denis Hanot, C. Stam, Daphne Schneider, Jean Tinetti, Giovanna Karlsson, Anders Gondoin, Phillipe den Hartog, Roland D'Arcio, Luigi Stankov, Anna-Maria Kilter, Mikael Erd, Christian Beichman, Charles Coulter, Daniel Danchi, William Devirian, Michael Johnston, Kenneth J. Lawson, Peter Lay, Oliver P. Lunine, Jonathan Kaltenegger, Lisa TI The Search for Worlds Like Our Own SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Terrestrial exoplanets; Habitability; Planet-detection methods; Bioastronomy ID EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS; GIANT PLANETS; NULLING INTERFEROMETER; DARWIN PROJECT; COMPANION; MISSION; SYSTEMS; SPACE; STARS; DISK AB The direct detection of Earth-like exoplanets orbiting nearby stars and the characterization of such planets particularly, their evolution, their atmospheres, and their ability to host life-constitute a significant problem. The quest for other worlds as abodes of life has been one of mankind's great questions for several millennia. For instance, as stated by Epicurus similar to 300 BC: "Other worlds, with plants and other living things, some of them similar and some of them different from ours, must exist.'' Demokritos from Abdera (460-370 BC), the man who invented the concept of indivisible small parts-atoms-also held the belief that other worlds exist around the stars and that some of these worlds may be inhabited by life-forms. The idea of the plurality of worlds and of life on them has since been held by scientists like Johannes Kepler and William Herschel, among many others. Here, one must also mention Giordano Bruno. Born in 1548, Bruno studied in France and came into contact with the teachings of Nicolas Copernicus. He wrote the book De l'Infinito, Universo e Mondi in 1584, in which he claimed that the Universe was infinite, that it contained an infinite amount of worlds like Earth, and that these worlds were inhabited by intelligent beings. At the time, this was extremely controversial, and eventually Bruno was arrested by the church and burned at the stake in Rome in 1600, as a heretic, for promoting this and other equally confrontational issues (though it is unclear exactly which idea was the one that ultimately brought him to his end). In all the aforementioned cases, the opinions and results were arrived at through reasoning-not by experiment. We have only recently acquired the technological capability to observe planets orbiting stars other than our Sun; acquisition of this capability has been a remarkable feat of our time. We show in this introduction to the Habitability Primer that mankind is at the dawning of an age when, by way of the scientific method and 21(st)-century technology, we will be able to answer this fascinating controversial issue that has persisted for at least 2500 years. C1 [Fridlund, Malcolm] European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, Estec, Res & Sci Support Dept, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Eiroa, Carlos] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Henning, Thomas; Herbst, Tom] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Lammer, Helmut] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Leger, Alain] Univ Paris 11, Orsay, France. [Liseau, Rene] Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, Onsala, Sweden. [Paresce, Francesco] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Rome, Italy. [Penny, Alan] Royal Observ, Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Scotland. [Penny, Alan; White, Glenn J.] CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot, Oxon, England. [Quirrenbach, Andreas] Landessternwarte Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. [Rottgering, Huub] Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Selsis, Franck] Univ Bordeaux 1, Bordeaux, France. [White, Glenn J.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Absil, Olivier] Observ Grenoble, Astrophys Lab, St Martin Dheres, France. [Absil, Olivier; Defrere, Denis; Hanot, C.] Inst Astrophys & Geophys, Liege, Belgium. [Stam, Daphne] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Schneider, Jean] Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Theories, Meudon, France. [Tinetti, Giovanna] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. [Karlsson, Anders; Gondoin, Phillipe; den Hartog, Roland; D'Arcio, Luigi; Stankov, Anna-Maria; Kilter, Mikael; Erd, Christian] ESA, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, Payload & Adv Concepts Div, Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Beichman, Charles] CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Beichman, Charles; Coulter, Daniel; Devirian, Michael; Lawson, Peter; Lay, Oliver P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Danchi, William] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Johnston, Kenneth J.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Lunine, Jonathan] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kaltenegger, Lisa] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fridlund, M (reprint author), European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, Estec, Res & Sci Support Dept, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. EM malcolm.fridlund@esa.int OI Tinetti, Giovanna/0000-0001-6058-6654; Absil, Olivier/0000-0002-4006-6237 NR 62 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 5 EP 17 DI 10.1089/ast.2009.0380 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 572NG UT WOS:000275838900002 PM 20307179 ER PT S AU Hurni, MA Sekhavat, P Ross, IM AF Hurni, Michael A. Sekhavat, Pooya Ross, I. Michael BE Rao, AV Lovell, TA Chan, FK Cangahuala, LA TI AUTONOMOUS MULTI-ROVER TRAJECTORY PLANNING USING OPTIMAL CONTROL TECHNIQUES SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 09-13, 2009 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Future manned and robotic space missions call for autonomous coordination and control of planetary rovers. This paper presents the implementation of a pseudospectral (PS) optimal control-based algorithm for autonomous trajectory planning and control of several unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) with real-time information updates. The mission of the UGVs is to traverse from their initial start points and reach their targets in minimum time, with maximum robustness, while avoiding obstacles (static and dynamic) and each other. Control solutions are repeatedly recomputed and updated throughout the vehicles' missions. Simulation results illustrate the performance of the planner in various multi-rover scenarios. C1 [Hurni, Michael A.; Sekhavat, Pooya; Ross, I. Michael] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hurni, MA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM hurni@juno.com; psekhava@nps.edu; imross@nps.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-557-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2010 VL 135 BP 2113 EP 2132 PN 1-3 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQA45 UT WOS:000280501900120 ER PT B AU Barrett, P Berghea, C Dieck, C Evans, S Poole, C Veillette, D AF Barrett, P. Berghea, C. Dieck, C. Evans, S. Poole, C. Veillette, D. BE Mizumoto, Y Morita, KI Ohishi, M TI From Start to Finish: Python for Space Missions SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XIX SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY OCT 04-08, 2009 CL Sapporo, JAPAN AB The software development process for many space observatories is often disjoint and inefficient due to the use of multiple languages during the different phases of mission development. Code and algorithms that are often developed using an interactive, array language during the pathfinding efforts of Phase A are often rewritten in a non-interactive, compiled language for use in the production code for Phase C. This approach leads to inefficiency in both development time and cost and can introduce errors during the rewriting process. Python is one programming language that can be used as a high-level, array language and as an efficient, production language. This paper shows how Python will be used during the different phases of development of the Joint Milli-Arcsecond Pathfinder Survey (JMAPS) space mission with an emphasis on code and algorithm reuse from one phase to the next. C1 [Barrett, P.; Berghea, C.; Dieck, C.; Evans, S.; Poole, C.; Veillette, D.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Barrett, P (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-748-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 434 BP 205 EP 208 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BUU27 UT WOS:000290361300040 ER PT J AU Lazio, TJW Carmichael, S Clark, J Elkins, E Gudmundsen, P Mott, Z Szwajkowski, M Hennig, LA AF Lazio, T. Joseph W. Carmichael, S. Clark, J. Elkins, E. Gudmundsen, P. Mott, Z. Szwajkowski, M. Hennig, L. A. TI A BLIND SEARCH FOR MAGNETOSPHERIC EMISSIONS FROM PLANETARY COMPANIONS TO NEARBY SOLAR-TYPE STARS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems ID STELLAR WIND CONDITIONS; RADIOMETRIC BODES LAW; RADIO-EMISSION; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; COOL STARS; NSTARS PROJECT; MASS; DETECTABILITY; SPECTROSCOPY; PREDICTIONS AB This paper reports a blind search for magnetospheric emissions from planets around nearby stars. Young stars are likely to have much stronger stellar winds than the Sun, and because planetary magnetospheric emissions are powered by stellar winds, stronger stellar winds may enhance the radio luminosity of any orbiting planets. Using various stellar catalogs, we selected nearby stars (less than or similar to 30 pc) with relatively young age estimates (< 3 Gyr). We constructed different samples from the stellar catalogs, finding between 100 and several hundred stars. We stacked images from the 74 MHz (4 m wavelength) VLA Low-frequency Sky Survey, obtaining 3 sigma limits on planetary emission in the stacked images of between 10 and 33 mJy. These flux density limits correspond to average planetary luminosities less than 5-10 x 10(23) erg s(-1). Using recent models for the scaling of stellar wind velocity, density, and magnetic field with stellar age, we estimate scaling factors for the strength of stellar winds, relative to the Sun, in our samples. The typical kinetic energy carried by the stellar winds in our samples is 15-50 times larger than that of the Sun, and the typical magnetic energy is 5-10 times larger. If we assume that every star is orbited by a Jupiter-like planet with a luminosity larger than that of the Jovian decametric radiation by the above factors, our limits on planetary luminosities from the stacking analysis are likely to be a factor of 10-100 above what would be required to detect the planets in a statistical sense. Similar statistical analyses with observations by future instruments, such as the Low Frequency Array and the Long Wavelength Array, offer the promise of improvements by factors of 10-100. C1 [Lazio, T. Joseph W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lazio, T. Joseph W.] NASA, Lunar Sci Inst, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Carmichael, S.; Clark, J.; Elkins, E.; Gudmundsen, P.; Mott, Z.; Szwajkowski, M.; Hennig, L. A.] Thomas Jefferson High Sch Sci & Technol, Alexandria, VA 22312 USA. RP Lazio, TJW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Joseph.Lazio@nrl.navy.mil FU 6.1 Base funding FX We thank N. Kassim, S. Kulkarni, and B. Farrell for discussions which spurred this analysis, A. Cohen for discussions on the VLSS, B. Erickson and B. Slee for discussions about solar decameter- wavelength emissions, and the referee for several comments that improved the presentation of these results. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, and NASA's Astrophysics Data System. Basic research in radio astronomy at the NRL is supported by 6.1 Base funding. NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 139 IS 1 BP 96 EP 101 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/139/1/96 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 530RO UT WOS:000272610200008 ER PT J AU Cocchi, M Farinelli, R Paizis, A Titarchuk, L AF Cocchi, M. Farinelli, R. Paizis, A. Titarchuk, L. TI Wide band observations of the X-ray burster GS 1826-238 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE X-rays: general; X-rays: binaries; X-rays: individuals: GS 1826-238 ID COMPTONIZATION; GS-1826-238; EMISSION; BINARIES; SPECTRA AB Context. GS 1826-238 is a well-studied X-ray bursting neutron star in a low mass binary system. Thermal Comptonisation by a hot electron cloud (kT(e) similar to 20 keV) is a widely accepted mechanism accounting for its high energy emission, while the nature of most of its soft X-ray output is not completely understood. A further low energy component is typically needed to model the observed spectra: pure blackbody and Comptonisation-modified blackbody radiation by a lower temperature (a few keV) electron plasma were suggested to explain the low energy data. Aims. In order to better characterise the nature of the low energy emission and the bolometric output of the source, the steady emission of GS 1826-238 is studied by means of sensitive, broad band (X to soft Gamma-rays) measurements obtained by the INTEGRAL observatory. Methods. In this data analysis, the newly developed, up-to-date Comptonisation model COMPTB is applied for the first time to study effectively the low-hard state variability of a low-luminosity neutron star in a low-mass X-ray binary system. Three joint ISGRI/JEM-X data sets (two from observations performed in 2003 and one from 2006) were analysed. Results. We confirm that the 3-200 keV emission of GS 1826-238 is characterised by Comptonisation of soft seed photons by a hot electron plasma. A single spectral component is sufficient to model the observed spectra. At lower energies, no direct blackbody emission is observed and there is no need to postulate a low temperature Compton region. Compared to the 2003 measurements, the plasma temperature decreased from similar to 20 to similar to 14 keV in 2006, together with the seed photons temperature. The source intensity was also found to be similar to 30% lower in 2006, whilst the average recurrence frequency of the X-ray bursts significantly increased. Possible explanations for this apparent deviation from the typical limit-cycle behaviour of this burster are discussed. C1 [Cocchi, M.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, Sez Roma, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Farinelli, R.; Titarchuk, L.] Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Paizis, A.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, Sez Milano, Milan, Italy. [Titarchuk, L.] George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Titarchuk, L.] USN, Res Lab, High Energy Space Environm Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Titarchuk, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Gravitat Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Cocchi, M (reprint author), Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, Sez Roma, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. EM Massimo.Cocchi@iasf-roma.inaf.it OI Paizis, Adamantia/0000-0001-5067-0377 FU INAF [PRIN 2007]; Italian Space Agency [I/008/07/0] FX This work has been supported by the grant from the INAF PRIN 2007 Bulk motion Comptonization models in X-ray Binaries: from phenomenology to physics, PI M. Cocchi. A. P. acknowledges the Italian Space Agency financial and programmatic support via contract I/008/07/0. The authors thank C. Ferrigno and A. Segreto for useful suggestions and tips. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 509 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200912796 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 550VM UT WOS:000274159400014 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Ralchenko, Y Doschek, GA AF Feldman, U. Ralchenko, Yu. Doschek, G. A. TI THE EFFECT OF HOT CORONAL ELECTRONS ON EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRAL LINES OF He II EMITTED BY SOLAR TRANSITION REGION PLASMAS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: atmosphere; Sun: corona; Sun: transition region ID HELIUM LINES; ANOMALOUS INTENSITIES; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; SUN; IONIZATION; ATMOSPHERE; EMISSION; MODEL; CHROMOSPHERE; POPULATION AB The cause of the lower intensities of extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) He II lines emitted by coronal hole (CH) plasmas compared with quiet Sun (QS) plasmas has been the subject of many studies dating back over half a century. In this paper, we study the effect of small amounts of "hot" electrons at coronal temperatures (T(e) = 1.4 x 10(6) K) on the intensities of EUV He II lines, as well as on the intensities of EUV lines of C III, C IV, O III, and O IV emitted by 1.5 x 10(4) K-1.5 x 10(5) K (4.2 <= log T(e) <= 5.2) plasmas in the QS. We show that although the influence of a fraction as small as 10(-4)-10(-3) of hot electrons on the intensities of the C and O lines is noticeable, the effect on the intensities of the He lines is much larger, to the extent that it could explain the excess brightness of He II lines emitted by QS regions relative to CH plasmas. C1 [Feldman, U.] Artep Inc, Columbia, MD 21042 USA. [Feldman, U.; Doschek, G. A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ralchenko, Yu.] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), Artep Inc, 2922 Excelsior Spring Circle, Columbia, MD 21042 USA. RI Ralchenko, Yuri/B-7687-2011; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 FU NASA; ONR/NRL 6.1; U.S. Department of Energy FX Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, collaborating with NAOJ as domestic partner, and NASA ( USA) and STFC (UK) as international partners. Scientific operation of the Hinode mission is conducted by the Hinode Science Team organized at ISAS/JAXA. This team mainly consists of scientists from institutes in the partner countries. Support for the post-launch operation is provided by JAXA and NAOJ, STFC, NASA, ESA (European Space Agency), and NSC (Norway). We are grateful to the Hinode team for all their efforts in the design, build, and operation of the mission. G.A.D. and U.F. acknowledge support from the NASA Hinode program and from ONR/NRL 6.1 basic research funds. Yu.R. was supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 1 BP 244 EP 252 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/244 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 532ZM UT WOS:000272790400022 ER PT J AU Berghea, CT Dudik, RP Weaver, KA Kallman, TR AF Berghea, C. T. Dudik, R. P. Weaver, K. A. Kallman, T. R. TI THE FIRST DETECTION OF [O IV] FROM AN ULTRALUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCE WITH SPITZER. I. OBSERVATIONAL RESULTS FOR HOLMBERG II ULX SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; galaxies: individual (Holmberg II); infrared: ISM; X-rays: binaries ID NEARBY GALAXIES SURVEY; MASS BLACK-HOLES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH; EXTERNAL GALAXIES; ACCRETION DISKS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; RADIO-EMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY AB We present the first Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph observations of the [O IV] 25.89 mu m emission line detected from the ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) in Holmberg II. This line is a well-established signature of high excitation, usually associated with active galactic nucleus (AGN). Its detection suggests that the ULX has a strong impact on the surrounding gas. A Spitzer high-resolution spectral map shows that the [O IV] is coincident with the X-ray position of the ULX. The ratios of the [O IV] to lower-ionization lines are similar to those observed in AGN, suggesting that a strong UV and X-ray source is responsible for the photoionization. The best XMM-Newton data are used to model the X-ray band which is then extrapolated into the UV. We perform infrared and ultraviolet photometry, and use previously published optical and radio data to construct the full spectral energy distribution (SED) for the ULX and its companion. The preferred model to describe the SED includes an accretion disk which dominates the soft X-rays but contributes little at UV and optical wavelengths. The optical counterpart is consistent with a B supergiant as previously suggested in other studies. The bolometric luminosity of the ULX suggests the presence of an intermediate-mass black hole with mass >85 M(circle dot) for sub-Eddington accretion or, alternatively, a stellar-mass black hole that is accreting at super-Eddington rates. In a follow-up second paper, we perform detailed photoionization modeling of the infrared lines in order to constrain the bolometric luminosity of the ULX. C1 [Berghea, C. T.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Berghea, C. T.; Dudik, R. P.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Weaver, K. A.; Kallman, T. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Berghea, CT (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM 79berghea@cardinalmail.cua.edu; rpdudik@usno.navy.mil FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX C. T. B. is grateful to Lisa Winter for allowing us to use the processed XMM-Newton data. He thanks Richard Mushotzky, Lisa Winter, and Marcio Melendez for helpful discussions, R. P. D. gratefully acknowledges financial support from the NASA Graduate Student Research Program. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. SMART was developed by the IRS Team at Cornell University and is available through the Spitzer Science Center at Caltech. We thank the referee for very helpful and constructive comments that have significantly improved this NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 1 BP 354 EP 363 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/354 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 532ZM UT WOS:000272790400031 ER PT J AU Berghea, CT Dudik, RP Weaver, KA Kallman, TR AF Berghea, C. T. Dudik, R. P. Weaver, K. A. Kallman, T. R. TI THE FIRST DETECTION OF [O IV] FROM AN ULTRALUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCE WITH SPITZER. II. EVIDENCE FOR HIGH LUMINOSITY IN HOLMBERG II ULX SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; galaxies: individual (Holmberg II); infrared: ISM; X-rays: binaries ID MASS BLACK-HOLES; NEARBY GALAXIES; RADIO-EMISSION; NEBULA; SPECTROSCOPY; DIAGNOSTICS; REGIONS; MODELS AB This is the second of two papers examining Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph observations of the ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) in Holmberg II. Here, we perform detailed photoionization modeling of the infrared lines. Our analysis suggests that the luminosity and morphology of the [O IV] 25.89 mu m emission line is consistent with photoionization by the soft X-ray and far ultraviolet (FUV) radiation from the accretion disk of the binary system and inconsistent with narrow beaming. We show that the emission nebula is matter-bounded both in the line-of-sight direction and to the east, and probably radiation-bounded to the west. A bolometric luminosity in excess of 10(40) erg s(-1) would be needed to produce the measured [O IV] flux. We use modeling and previously published studies to conclude that shocks likely contribute very little, if at all, to the high-ionization line fluxes observed in the Holmberg II ULX. Additionally, we find that the spectral type of the companion star has a surprisingly strong effect on the predicted strength of the [O IV] emission. This finding could explain the origin of [O IV] in some starburst systems containing black hole binaries. C1 [Berghea, C. T.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Berghea, C. T.; Dudik, R. P.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Weaver, K. A.; Kallman, T. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Berghea, CT (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM 79berghea@cardinalmail.cua.edu; rpdudik@usno.navy.mil FU NASA FX C. T. B. thanks Richard Mushotzky and Lisa Winter for helpful discussions, and Nicholas Sterling and Marcio Melendez for their help with CLOUDY. R. P. D. gratefully acknowledges financial support from the NASA Graduate Student Research Program. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. We thank the referee for very helpful and constructive comments that have significantly improved this paper. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 1 BP 364 EP 374 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/364 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 532ZM UT WOS:000272790400032 ER PT J AU Crenshaw, DM Schmitt, HR Kraemer, SB Mushotzky, RF Dunn, JP AF Crenshaw, D. M. Schmitt, H. R. Kraemer, S. B. Mushotzky, R. F. Dunn, J. P. TI RADIAL VELOCITY OFFSETS DUE TO MASS OUTFLOWS AND EXTINCTION IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: kinematics and dynamics; galaxies: Seyfert ID NARROW-LINE REGION; QUASAR SDSS J092712.65+294344.0; SEYFERT-2 GALAXY NGC-1068; EMISSION-LINE; BLACK-HOLE; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; NGC 4151; RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY; DUST MORPHOLOGY; IONIZED-GAS AB We present a study of the radial velocity offsets between narrow emission lines and host galaxy lines (stellar absorption and Hi 21 cm emission) in Seyfert galaxies with observed redshifts less than 0.043. We find that 35% of the Seyferts in the sample show [O III] emission lines with blueshifts with respect to their host galaxies exceeding 50 km s(-1), whereas only 6% show redshifts this large, in qualitative agreement with most previous studies. We also find that a greater percentage of Seyfert 1 galaxies show blueshifts than Seyfert 2 galaxies. Using Hubble Spce Talescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph spatially resolved spectra of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068 and the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151, we generate geometric models of their narrow-line regions (NLRs) and inner galactic disks, and show how these models can explain the blueshifted [O III] emission lines in collapsed STIS spectra of these two Seyferts. We conclude that the combination of mass outflow of ionized gas in the NLR and extinction by dust in the inner disk (primarily in the form of dust spirals) is primarily responsible for the velocity offsets in Seyfert galaxies. More exotic explanations are not needed. We discuss the implications of this result for the velocity offsets found in higher redshift active galactic nuclei. C1 [Crenshaw, D. M.] Georgia State Univ, Astron Off, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Schmitt, H. R.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schmitt, H. R.] Interferometrics Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Kraemer, S. B.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Mushotzky, R. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dunn, J. P.] Virginia Tech, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Crenshaw, DM (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Astron Off, Dept Phys & Astron, 1 Pk Pl S SE,Suite 700, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM crenshaw@chara.gsu.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services. NR 73 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 1 BP 419 EP 426 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/419 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 532ZM UT WOS:000272790400037 ER PT J AU Muglach, K Landi, E Doschek, GA AF Muglach, K. Landi, E. Doschek, G. A. TI THE ELECTRON TEMPERATURE OF THE SOLAR TRANSITION REGION AS DERIVED FROM EIS AND SUMER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: atmosphere; Sun: transition region ID ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING SPECTROMETER; UNRESOLVED FINE-STRUCTURES; R-CIRCLE-DOT; EMISSION-LINES; ATOMIC DATABASE; PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS; IONIZATION BALANCE; SPECTRAL-LINES; CORONAL HOLE; B SATELLITE AB We use UV and extreme-UV emission lines observed in quiet regions on the solar disk with the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) instrument and the Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) to determine the electron temperature in solar transition region plasmas. Prominent emission lines of O IV and O VI are present in the solar spectrum, and the measured intensity line ratios provide electron temperatures in the range of log T = 5.6-6.1. We find that the theoretical O IV and O VI ion formation temperatures are considerably lower than our derived temperatures. The line ratios expected from a plasma in ionization equilibrium are larger by a factor of about 2-5 than the measured line ratios. A careful cross-calibration of SUMER and EIS has been carried out, which excludes errors in the relative calibration of the two instruments. We checked for other instrumental and observational effects, as well as line blending, and can exclude them as a possible source of the discrepancy between theoretical and observed line ratios. Using a multi-thermal quiet-Sun differential emission measure changes the theoretical line ratio by up to 28% which is not sufficient as an explanation. We also explored additional excitation mechanisms. Photoexcitation from photospheric blackbody radiation, self-absorption, and recombination into excited levels cannot be a possible solution. Adding a second Maxwellian to simulate the presence of non-thermal, high-energy electrons in the plasma distribution of velocities also did not solve the discrepancy. C1 [Muglach, K.; Landi, E.; Doschek, G. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Muglach, K.; Landi, E.] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RP Muglach, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 1 BP 550 EP 559 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/550 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 532ZM UT WOS:000272790400050 ER PT S AU Toselli, I Phillips, RL Andrews, LC Wayne, DT AF Toselli, Italo Phillips, Ronald L. Andrews, Larry C. Wayne, David T. BE Korotkova, O TI Impact of Ground Profile on scintillation: 50 km and 200 km slant paths from Airplane to Antelope Peak SO ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves IV CY JAN 25-26, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE ground profile; atmospheric turbulence; Rytov variance; scintillation; free space optical communications AB The interest for free space laser beam propagation has recently increased due to several experiments. These experiments have shown that optical links through the atmosphere can be effectively established, regardless of the several deleterious negative effects of refractive index fluctuations. The most deleterious effect is the scintillation which, consequently, has been widely investigated. However, it has not been reported yet what influence a ground profile has on scintillation values. In this paper we show theoretical results of the ground impact on scintillation, for a laser link between aircraft and mountain top; Antelope peak Nevada. The link was investigated for a specific mountainous profile of the ground for path lengths of 50 km and 200 km. The theoretical analysis shows that, if a low value is assumed for the Rytov variance (weak turbulence condition), then the presence of high peaks or mountains along the propagation path could have a remarkable impact on scintillation because the scintillation saturation effects do not occur; if the Rytov variance assumes medium-high values (moderate-to-strong turbulence conditions), then the scintillation index will be close to the saturation regime. Therefore the scintillation will be slightly affected by the mountains along the path, both for the plane wave model and the Gaussian beam wave model. C1 [Toselli, Italo] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Toselli, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 699 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7984-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7588 AR 75880J DI 10.1117/12.843830 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BSH12 UT WOS:000284396600016 ER PT J AU Rutherford, B Dangelmayr, G Persing, J Schubert, WH Montgomery, MT AF Rutherford, B. Dangelmayr, G. Persing, J. Schubert, W. H. Montgomery, M. T. TI Advective mixing in a nondivergent barotropic hurricane model SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LAGRANGIAN COHERENT STRUCTURES; HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATION; 2-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; TROPICAL CYCLONES; VELOCITY-FIELDS; POLAR VORTEX; BONNIE 1998; MEAN-FLOW; EYE; EYEWALL AB This paper studies Lagrangian mixing in a two-dimensional barotropic model for hurricane-like vortices. Since such flows show high shearing in the radial direction, particle separation across shear-lines is diagnosed through a Lagrangian field, referred to as R-field, that measures trajectory separation orthogonal to the Lagrangian velocity. The shear-lines are identified with the level-contours of another Lagrangian field, referred to as S-field, that measures the average shear-strength along a trajectory. Other fields used for model diagnostics are the Lagrangian field of finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLE-field), the Eulerian Q-field, and the angular velocity field. Because of the high shearing, the FTLE-field is not a suitable indicator for advective mixing, and in particular does not exhibit ridges marking the location of finite-time stable and unstable manifolds. The FTLE-field is similar in structure to the radial derivative of the angular velocity. In contrast, persisting ridges and valleys can be clearly recognized in the R-field, and their propagation speed indicates that transport across shear-lines is caused by Rossby waves. A radial mixing rate derived from the R-field gives a time-dependent measure of flux across the shear-lines. On the other hand, a measured mixing rate across the shear-lines, which counts trajectory crossings, confirms the results from the R-field mixing rate, and shows high mixing in the eyewall region after the formation of a polygonal eyewall, which continues until the vortex breaks down. The location of the R-field ridges elucidates the role of radial mixing for the interaction and breakdown of the mesovortices shown by the model. C1 [Rutherford, B.; Dangelmayr, G.; Persing, J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Math, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schubert, W. H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Montgomery, M. T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Rutherford, B (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Math, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rutherfo@math.colostate.edu FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0715426] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF Cooperative Agreement ATM-0715426. The authors thank Eric Hendricks, Arthur Jamshidi, Kate Musgrave, Christopher Rozoff, Jonathan Vigh, and Michael Riemer for their discussions. The authors would also like to thank the anonymous referee and Tim Dunkerton for their helpful comments and criticisms. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 2 BP 475 EP 497 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 548IK UT WOS:000273954200013 ER PT J AU Fisher, JA Jacob, DJ Purdy, MT Kopacz, M Le Sager, P Carouge, C Holmes, CD Yantosca, RM Batchelor, RL Strong, K Diskin, GS Fuelberg, HE Holloway, JS Hyer, EJ McMillan, WW Warner, J Streets, DG Zhang, Q Wang, Y Wu, S AF Fisher, J. A. Jacob, D. J. Purdy, M. T. Kopacz, M. Le Sager, P. Carouge, C. Holmes, C. D. Yantosca, R. M. Batchelor, R. L. Strong, K. Diskin, G. S. Fuelberg, H. E. Holloway, J. S. Hyer, E. J. McMillan, W. W. Warner, J. Streets, D. G. Zhang, Q. Wang, Y. Wu, S. TI Source attribution and interannual variability of Arctic pollution in spring constrained by aircraft (ARCTAS, ARCPAC) and satellite (AIRS) observations of carbon monoxide SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; SURFACE OBSERVATIONS; OZONE POLLUTION; ASIAN OUTFLOW; BLACK CARBON; BERING-SEA; TRANSPORT; EMISSIONS; PACIFIC; CO AB We use aircraft observations of carbon monoxide (CO) from the NASA ARCTAS and NOAA ARCPAC campaigns in April 2008 together with multiyear (2003-2008) CO satellite data from the AIRS instrument and a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to better understand the sources, transport, and interannual variability of pollution in the Arctic in spring. Model simulation of the aircraft data gives best estimates of CO emissions in April 2008 of 26 Tg month(-1) for Asian anthropogenic, 9.4 for European anthropogenic, 4.1 for North American anthropogenic, 15 for Russian biomass burning (anomalously large that year), and 23 for Southeast Asian biomass burning. We find that Asian anthropogenic emissions are the dominant source of Arctic CO pollution everywhere except in surface air where European anthropogenic emissions are of similar importance. Russian biomass burning makes little contribution to mean CO (reflecting the long CO lifetime) but makes a large contribution to CO variability in the form of combustion plumes. Analysis of two pollution events sampled by the aircraft demonstrates that AIRS can successfully observe pollution transport to the Arctic in the mid-troposphere. The 2003-2008 record of CO from AIRS shows that interannual variability averaged over the Arctic cap is very small. AIRS CO columns over Alaska are highly correlated with the Ocean Nino Index, suggesting a link between El Nino and Asian pollution transport to the Arctic. AIRS shows lower-than-average CO columns over Alaska during April 2008, despite the Russian fires, due to a weakened Aleutian Low hindering transport from Asia and associated with the moderate 2007-2008 La Nina. This suggests that Asian pollution influence over the Arctic may be particularly large under strong El Nino conditions. C1 [Fisher, J. A.; Jacob, D. J.; Purdy, M. T.; Kopacz, M.; Le Sager, P.; Carouge, C.; Holmes, C. D.; Yantosca, R. M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fisher, J. A.; Jacob, D. J.; Purdy, M. T.; Kopacz, M.; Le Sager, P.; Carouge, C.; Holmes, C. D.; Yantosca, R. M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Batchelor, R. L.; Strong, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Diskin, G. S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Fuelberg, H. E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Holloway, J. S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Holloway, J. S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Hyer, E. J.] USN, Res Lab, UCAR Visiting Scientist Program, Monterey, CA USA. [McMillan, W. W.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [McMillan, W. W.; Warner, J.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Streets, D. G.; Zhang, Q.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zhang, Q.] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wang, Y.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wu, S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Wu, S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Fisher, JA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jafisher@fas.harvard.edu RI Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Carouge, Claire/A-4755-2012; Strong, Kimberly/D-2563-2012; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Fisher, Jenny/J-3979-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Wang, Yuxuan/C-6902-2014; Holmes, Christopher/C-9956-2014; Yantosca, Robert/F-7920-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 OI Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Carouge, Claire/0000-0002-0313-8385; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350; Fisher, Jenny/0000-0002-2921-1691; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Wang, Yuxuan/0000-0002-1649-6974; Holmes, Christopher/0000-0002-2727-0954; Yantosca, Robert/0000-0003-3781-1870; FU NASA; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Science; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Canadian Space Agency; Environment Canada, Government of Canada; Ontario Research Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Northern Scientific Training Program; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Atlantic, Nova Scotia and Ontario Innovation Trusts; AIRS Project Office; National Defense Science and Engineering FX This work was supported by the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program and the NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program. The FTS measurements at Eureka were made as part of the Canadian Arctic ACE validation campaigns and by the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change, supported by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Science, Canadian Foundation for Innovation, Canadian Space Agency, Environment Canada, Government of Canada International Polar Year funding, Ontario Research Fund, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Northern Scientific Training Program, Polar Continental Shelf Program, and the Atlantic, Nova Scotia and Ontario Innovation Trusts. WWM thanks the AIRS Project Office for support. JAF acknowledges support from a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship. NR 81 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 977 EP 996 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 554BH UT WOS:000274410000009 ER PT J AU Adhikary, B Carmichael, GR Kulkarni, S Wei, C Tang, Y D'Allura, A Mena-Carrasco, M Streets, DG Zhang, Q Pierce, RB Al-Saadi, JA Emmons, LK Pfister, GG Avery, MA Barrick, JD Blake, DR Brune, WH Cohen, RC Dibb, JE Fried, A Heikes, BG Huey, LG O'Sullivan, DW Sachse, GW Shetter, RE Singh, HB Campos, TL Cantrell, CA Flocke, FM Dunlea, EJ Jimenez, JL Weinheimer, AJ Crounse, JD Wennberg, PO Schauer, JJ Stone, EA Jaffe, DA Reidmiller, DR AF Adhikary, B. Carmichael, G. R. Kulkarni, S. Wei, C. Tang, Y. D'Allura, A. Mena-Carrasco, M. Streets, D. G. Zhang, Q. Pierce, R. B. Al-Saadi, J. A. Emmons, L. K. Pfister, G. G. Avery, M. A. Barrick, J. D. Blake, D. R. Brune, W. H. Cohen, R. C. Dibb, J. E. Fried, A. Heikes, B. G. Huey, L. G. O'Sullivan, D. W. Sachse, G. W. Shetter, R. E. Singh, H. B. Campos, T. L. Cantrell, C. A. Flocke, F. M. Dunlea, E. J. Jimenez, J. L. Weinheimer, A. J. Crounse, J. D. Wennberg, P. O. Schauer, J. J. Stone, E. A. Jaffe, D. A. Reidmiller, D. R. TI A regional scale modeling analysis of aerosol and trace gas distributions over the eastern Pacific during the INTEX-B field campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; NORTH-AMERICA; TRANSPACIFIC TRANSPORT; POLLUTION TRANSPORT; ASIAN AEROSOLS; AIR-POLLUTION; MINERAL DUST; ORGANIC MASS; EMISSIONS; AIRCRAFT AB The Sulfur Transport and dEposition Model (STEM) is applied to the analysis of observations obtained during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-Phase B (INTEX-B), conducted over the eastern Pacific Ocean during spring 2006. Predicted trace gas and aerosol distributions over the Pacific are presented and discussed in terms of transport and source region contributions. Trace species distributions show a strong west (high) to east (low) gradient, with the bulk of the pollutant transport over the central Pacific occurring between similar to 20 degrees N and 50 degrees N in the 2-6 km altitude range. These distributions are evaluated in the eastern Pacific by comparison with the NASA DC-8 and NSF/NCAR C-130 airborne measurements along with observations from the Mt. Bachelor (MBO) surface site. Thirty different meteorological, trace gas and aerosol parameters are compared. In general the meteorological fields are better predicted than gas phase species, which in turn are better predicted than aerosol quantities. PAN is found to be significantly overpredicted over the eastern Pacific, which is attributed to uncertainties in the chemical reaction mechanisms used in current atmospheric chemistry models in general and to the specifically high PAN production in the SAPRC-99 mechanism used in the regional model. A systematic underprediction of the elevated sulfate layer in the eastern Pacific observed by the C-130 is another issue that is identified and discussed. Results from source region tagged CO simulations are used to estimate how the different source regions around the Pacific contribute to the trace gas species distributions. During this period the largest contributions were from China and from fires in South/Southeast and North Asia. For the C-130 flights, which operated off the coast of the Northwest US, the regional CO contributions range as follows: China (35%), South/Southeast Asia fires (35%), North America anthropogenic (20%), and North Asia fires (10%). The transport of pollution into the western US is studied at MBO and a variety of events with elevated Asian dust, and periods with contributions from China and fires from both Asia and North America are discussed. The role of heterogeneous chemistry on the composition over the eastern Pacific is also studied. The impacts of heterogeneous reactions at specific times can be significant, increasing sulfate and nitrate aerosol production and reducing gas phase nitric acid levels appreciably (similar to 50%). C1 [Adhikary, B.; Carmichael, G. R.; Kulkarni, S.; Wei, C.; Tang, Y.; D'Allura, A.; Mena-Carrasco, M.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Adhikary, B.] Kathmandu Univ, Sch Engn, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal. [Streets, D. G.; Zhang, Q.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pierce, R. B.; Al-Saadi, J. A.; Avery, M. A.; Barrick, J. D.; Sachse, G. W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Emmons, L. K.; Pfister, G. G.; Fried, A.; Shetter, R. E.; Campos, T. L.; Cantrell, C. A.; Flocke, F. M.; Weinheimer, A. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Brune, W. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dibb, J. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Heikes, B. G.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Huey, L. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [O'Sullivan, D. W.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Singh, H. B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Dunlea, E. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dunlea, E. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Crounse, J. D.; Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Schauer, J. J.; Stone, E. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, Madison, WI USA. [Jaffe, D. A.] Univ Washington, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. [Reidmiller, D. R.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kulkarni, S (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM sarika-kulkarni@uiowa.edu RI Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Mena-Carrasco, Marcelo/B-8483-2012; Mena-Carrasco, Marcelo/L-9730-2016; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; wei, chao/E-4379-2011; Crounse, John/E-4622-2011; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010 OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643 FU NASA [NNG04GC58G]; NSF [0613124] FX We would like to thank the INTEX-B science team. This work was supported by a NASA grants (NNG04GC58G and INTEX-B). The heterogeneous chemistry portion was based on work done under a NSF grant (0613124). The authors would also like to acknowledge NOAA and Atmospheric Brown Cloud project for support of the Trinidad Head and Kathmandu measurements. NR 55 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 5 BP 2091 EP 2115 DI 10.5194/acp-10-2091-2010 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 568ER UT WOS:000275505500002 ER PT J AU Riemer, M Montgomery, MT Nicholls, ME AF Riemer, M. Montgomery, M. T. Nicholls, M. E. TI A new paradigm for intensity modification of tropical cyclones: thermodynamic impact of vertical wind shear on the inflow layer SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE-BONNIE 1998; HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATION; VORTEX ROSSBY-WAVES; PART I; SPIRAL BANDS; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; DYNAMICS; EYEWALL; MOTION; CORE AB An important roadblock to improved intensity forecasts for tropical cyclones (TCs) is our incomplete understanding of the interaction of a TC with the environmental flow. In this paper we re-visit the canonical problem of a TC in vertical wind shear on an f-plane. A suite of numerical experiments is performed with intense TCs in moderate to strong vertical shear. We employ a set of simplified model physics - a simple bulk aerodynamic boundary layer scheme and "warm rain" microphysics - to foster better understanding of the dynamics and thermodynamics that govern the modification of TC intensity. In all experiments the TC is resilient to shear but significant differences in the intensity evolution occur. The ventilation of the TC core with dry environmental air at mid-levels and the dilution of the upper-level warm core are two prevailing hypotheses for the adverse effect of vertical shear on storm intensity. Here we propose an alternative and arguably more effective mechanism how cooler and drier (lower theta(e)) air - "anti-fuel" for the TC power machine - can enter the core region of the TC. Strong and persistent, shear-induced downdrafts flux low theta(e) air into the boundary layer from above, significantly depressing the theta(e) values in the storm's inflow layer. Air with lower theta(e) values enters the eyewall updrafts, considerably reducing eyewall theta(e) values in the azimuthal mean. When viewed from the perspective of an idealised Carnot-cycle heat engine a decrease of storm intensity can thus be expected. Although the Carnot cycle model is - if at all - only valid for stationary and axisymmetric TCs, a close association of the downward transport of low theta(e) into the boundary layer and the intensity evolution offers further evidence in support of our hypothesis. The downdrafts that flush the boundary layer with low theta(e) air are tied to a quasi-stationary, azimuthal wave number 1 convective asymmetry outside of the eyewall. This convective asymmetry and the associated downdraft pattern extends outwards to approximately 150 km. Downdrafts occur on the vortex scale and form when precipitation falls out from sloping updrafts and evaporates in the unsaturated air below. It is argued that, to zero order, the formation of the convective asymmetry is forced by frictional convergence associated with the azimuthal wave number 1 vortex Rossby wave structure of the outer-vortex tilt. This work points to an important connection between the thermodynamic impact in the near-core boundary layer and the asymmetric balanced dynamics governing the TC vortex evolution. C1 [Riemer, M.; Montgomery, M. T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Montgomery, M. T.] NOAAs Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Nicholls, M. E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Riemer, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mriemer@nps.edu RI Riemer, Michael/C-5491-2009 FU National Research Council; NFS [ATM-0649946, ATM-0715426]; ONR [N001408WR20129]; US Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California FX We appreciate collaboration with Kerry Emanuel (MIT) and insightful discussions with Jack Beven (NHC). This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Postgraduate School. This work is supported by NFS grants ATM-0649946 and ATM-0715426, the ONR grant N001408WR20129 and by the US Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. The comments from John Molinari, one anonymous reviewer, and Brian Tang have helped improve the presentation of our results. NR 57 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 4 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 7 BP 3163 EP 3188 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 583HD UT WOS:000276663600002 ER PT J AU Wyant, MC Wood, R Bretherton, CS Mechoso, CR Bacmeister, J Balmaseda, MA Barrett, B Codron, F Earnshaw, P Fast, J Hannay, C Kaiser, JW Kitagawa, H Klein, SA Kohler, M Manganello, J Pan, HL Sun, F Wang, S Wang, Y AF Wyant, M. C. Wood, R. Bretherton, C. S. Mechoso, C. R. Bacmeister, J. Balmaseda, M. A. Barrett, B. Codron, F. Earnshaw, P. Fast, J. Hannay, C. Kaiser, J. W. Kitagawa, H. Klein, S. A. Koehler, M. Manganello, J. Pan, H. -L. Sun, F. Wang, S. Wang, Y. TI The PreVOCA experiment: modeling the lower troposphere in the Southeast Pacific SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; LAYER MIXING SCHEME; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; LIQUID WATER PATH; PART I; CLIMATE MODEL; MICROPHYSICAL PROCESSES; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; OROGRAPHIC INFLUENCES AB The Preliminary VOCALS Model Assessment (PreVOCA) aims to assess contemporary atmospheric modeling of the subtropical South East Pacific, with a particular focus on the clouds and the marine boundary layer (MBL). Models results from fourteen modeling centers were collected including operational forecast models, regional models, and global climate models for the month of October 2006. Forecast models and global climate models produced daily forecasts, while most regional models were run continuously during the study period, initialized and forced at the boundaries with global model analyses. Results are compared in the region from 40 degrees S to the equator and from 110 degrees W to 70 degrees W, corresponding to the Pacific coast of South America. Mean-monthly model surface winds agree well with QuikSCAT observed winds and models agree fairly well on mean weak large-scale subsidence in the region next to the coast. However they have greatly differing geographic patterns of mean cloud fraction with only a few models agreeing well with MODIS observations. Most models also underestimate the MBL depth by several hundred meters in the eastern part of the study region. The diurnal cycle of liquid water path is underestimated by most models at the 85 degrees W 20 degrees S stratus buoy site compared with satellite, consistent with previous modeling studies. The low cloud fraction is also underestimated during all parts of the diurnal cycle compared to surface-based climatologies. Most models qualitatively capture the MBL deepening around 15 October 2006 at the stratus buoy, associated with colder air at 700 hPa. C1 [Wyant, M. C.; Wood, R.; Bretherton, C. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mechoso, C. R.; Wang, S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Bacmeister, J.] NASA, Global Modeling & Assimiliat Off, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Balmaseda, M. A.; Kaiser, J. W.; Koehler, M.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Dept Res, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Barrett, B.] Univ Chile, Dept Geophys, Santiago, Chile. [Codron, F.] Univ Paris 06, Meteorol Dynam Lab, Paris, France. [Earnshaw, P.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Fast, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hannay, C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Kitagawa, H.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Coll, Tokyo, Japan. [Klein, S. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. [Manganello, J.] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA. [Pan, H. -L.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Wang, S.] USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Wang, Y.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Wyant, MC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mwyant@atmos.washington.edu RI Earnshaw, Paul/F-7148-2010; Earnshaw, Paul/A-3289-2009; Wood, Robert/A-2989-2008; Kaiser, Johannes/A-7057-2012; Codron, Francis/F-2719-2014; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016 OI Wood, Robert/0000-0002-1401-3828; Kaiser, Johannes/0000-0003-3696-9123; Codron, Francis/0000-0001-7038-6189; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science; US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; NASA [NX06AB74G]; NSF [ATM0745702]; NOAA [NA070AR4310282] FX Thanks to D. Painemal and P. Zuidema for providing MODIS retrieved cloud-top heights. Also thanks to S. Park who provided his gridded EECRA data. COSMIC data was provided by B. Kuo. Many thanks to L. O'Neill at NRL who provided diurnal fits and monthly mean of LWP from satellite. CALIPSO cloud top-height data was provided by D. Wu of the Ocean University of China. Thanks also to Virendra Ghate for providing diurnal cloud fraction data. QuikSCAT data are produced by Remote Sensing Systems and sponsored by the NASA Ocean Vector Winds Science Team. S. deSzoeke's archive of ship observations was very helpful to this work. The ISCCP FD data were obtained from the ISCCP web site http://isccp.giss.nasa.gov maintained at NASA GISS. S. A. Klein acknowledges M. Zhao (GFDL) for performing GFDL model integrations, J. Boyle (LLNL) for preparing analysis data, and the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science Climate Change Prediction and Atmospheric Radiation Measurement programs for financial support. The contribution of S. A. Klein to this work is performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. We acknowledge the support of NASA award No. NX06AB74G for C. Hannay. This work was also supported by NSF grant ATM0745702 and NOAA grant NA070AR4310282. NR 65 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 10 BP 4757 EP 4774 DI 10.5194/acp-10-4757-2010 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 603CE UT WOS:000278184700022 ER PT J AU Emmons, LK Apel, EC Lamarque, JF Hess, PG Avery, M Blake, D Brune, W Campos, T Crawford, J DeCarlo, PF Hall, S Heikes, B Holloway, J Jimenez, JL Knapp, DJ Kok, G Mena-Carrasco, M Olson, J O'Sullivan, D Sachse, G Walega, J Weibring, P Weinheimer, A Wiedinmyer, C AF Emmons, L. K. Apel, E. C. Lamarque, J. -F. Hess, P. G. Avery, M. Blake, D. Brune, W. Campos, T. Crawford, J. DeCarlo, P. F. Hall, S. Heikes, B. Holloway, J. Jimenez, J. L. Knapp, D. J. Kok, G. Mena-Carrasco, M. Olson, J. O'Sullivan, D. Sachse, G. Walega, J. Weibring, P. Weinheimer, A. Wiedinmyer, C. TI Impact of Mexico City emissions on regional air quality from MOZART-4 simulations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MILAGRO FIELD CAMPAIGN; URBAN SUPERSITE T0; HIGH-RESOLUTION; INTEX-B; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; METROPOLITAN-AREA; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; OZONE PRODUCTION AB An extensive set of measurements was made in and around Mexico City as part of the MILAGRO (Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations) experiments in March 2006. Simulations with the Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4), a global chemical transport model, have been used to provide a regional context for these observations and assist in their interpretation. These MOZART-4 simulations reproduce the aircraft observations generally well, but some differences in the modeled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the observations result from incorrect VOC speciation assumed for the emission inventories. The different types of CO sources represented in the model have been "tagged" to quantify the contributions of regions outside Mexico, as well as the various emissions sectors within Mexico, to the regional air quality of Mexico. This analysis indicates open fires have some, but not a dominant, impact on the atmospheric composition in the region around Mexico City when averaged over the month. However, considerable variation in the fire contribution (2-15% of total CO) is seen during the month. The transport and photochemical aging of Mexico City emissions were studied using tags of CO emissions for each day, showing that typically the air downwind of Mexico City was a combination of many ages. Ozone production in MOZART-4 is shown to agree well with the net production rates from box model calculations constrained by the MILAGRO aircraft measurements. Ozone production efficiency derived from the ratio of O-x to NOz is higher in MOZART-4 than in the observations for moderately polluted air. OH reactivity determined from the MOZART-4 results shows the same increase in relative importance of oxygenated VOCs downwind of Mexico City as the reactivity inferred from the observations. The amount of ozone produced by emissions from Mexico City and surrounding areas has been quantified in the model by tracking NO emissions, showing little influence beyond Mexico's borders, and also relatively minor influence from fire emissions on the monthly average tropospheric ozone column. C1 [Emmons, L. K.; Apel, E. C.; Lamarque, J. -F.; Hess, P. G.; Campos, T.; Hall, S.; Knapp, D. J.; Walega, J.; Weibring, P.; Weinheimer, A.; Wiedinmyer, C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Avery, M.; Crawford, J.; Olson, J.; Sachse, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Blake, D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Brune, W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [DeCarlo, P. F.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Heikes, B.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Holloway, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Holloway, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kok, G.] Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Mena-Carrasco, M.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [O'Sullivan, D.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Emmons, LK (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM emmons@ucar.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; DeCarlo, Peter/B-2118-2008; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Hess, Peter/M-3145-2015; Mena-Carrasco, Marcelo/L-9730-2016; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; Wiedinmyer, Christine/E-2049-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Crawford, James/L-6632-2013; Mena-Carrasco, Marcelo/B-8483-2012 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; DeCarlo, Peter/0000-0001-6385-7149; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Hess, Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNG06GB27G]; NSF [ATM-0449815]; NOAA [NA08OAR4310565] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge all of the efforts of the Science Teams of the MILAGRO experiments in producing the comprehensive data sets of atmospheric composition in and around Mexico City. The helpful and thorough comments of two anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. This material is based upon work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Contract No. NNG06GB27G issued by the Tropospheric Chemistry Program. PFD and JLJ were supported by NSF ATM-0449815 and NOAA NA08OAR4310565. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 62 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 31 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 13 BP 6195 EP 6212 DI 10.5194/acp-10-6195-2010 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 624VY UT WOS:000279851400029 ER PT J AU Guan, H Esswein, R Lopez, J Bergstrom, R Warnock, A Follette-Cook, M Fromm, M Iraci, LT AF Guan, H. Esswein, R. Lopez, J. Bergstrom, R. Warnock, A. Follette-Cook, M. Fromm, M. Iraci, L. T. TI A multi-decadal history of biomass burning plume heights identified using aerosol index measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOREAL FOREST-FIRE; SMOKE INJECTION; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NORTH-AMERICA; TRANSPORT; CARBON; SENSITIVITY; EMISSIONS; AFRICA AB We have quantified the relationship between Aerosol Index (AI) measurements and plume height for young biomass burning plumes using coincident Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) measurements. This linear relationship allows the determination of high-altitude plumes wherever AI data are available, and it provides a data set for validating global fire plume heights in chemistry transport models. We find that all plumes detected from June 2006 to February 2009 with an AI value >= 9 are located at altitudes higher than 5 km. Older high-altitude plumes have lower AI values than young plumes at similar altitudes. We have examined available AI data from the OMI and TOMS instruments (1978-2009) and find that large AI plumes occur more frequently over North America than over Australia or Russia/Northeast Asia. According to the derived relationship, during this time interval, 181 plumes, in various stages of their evolution, reached altitudes above 8 km. C1 [Guan, H.; Esswein, R.; Lopez, J.; Bergstrom, R.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA. [Guan, H.; Esswein, R.; Lopez, J.; Bergstrom, R.; Iraci, L. T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Warnock, A.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Follette-Cook, M.; Fromm, M.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Guan, H (reprint author), Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA. EM hong.guan-1@nasa.gov RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010 NR 54 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 14 BP 6461 EP 6469 DI 10.5194/acp-10-6461-2010 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 633PL UT WOS:000280515600001 ER PT J AU Rutherford, B Dangelmayr, G Persing, J Kirby, M Montgomery, MT AF Rutherford, B. Dangelmayr, G. Persing, J. Kirby, M. Montgomery, M. T. TI Lagrangian mixing in an axisymmetric hurricane model SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COHERENT STRUCTURES; LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS; TROPICAL CYCLONES; VELOCITY-FIELDS; FLUID-FLOWS; EYE; EYEWALL; THERMODYNAMICS; SIMULATION; DISPERSION AB This paper discusses the extension of established Lagrangian mixing measures to make them applicable to data extracted from a 2-D axisymmetric hurricane simulation. Because of the non-steady and unbounded characteristics of the simulation, the previous measures are extended to a moving frame approach to create time-dependent mixing rates that are dependent upon the initial time of particle integration, and are computed for nonlocal regions. The global measures of mixing derived from finite-time Lyapunov exponents, relative dispersion, and a measured mixing rate are applied to distinct regions representing different characteristic feautures within the model. It is shown that these time-dependent mixing rates exhibit correlations with maximal tangential winds during a quasi-steady state, establishing a connection between mixing and hurricane intensity. C1 [Rutherford, B.; Dangelmayr, G.; Persing, J.; Kirby, M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Math, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Montgomery, M. T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Rutherford, B (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Math, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rutherfo@math.colostate.edu NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 14 BP 6777 EP 6791 DI 10.5194/acp-10-6777-2010 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 633PL UT WOS:000280515600026 ER PT J AU Hegg, DA Covert, DS Jonsson, HH Woods, RK AF Hegg, D. A. Covert, D. S. Jonsson, H. H. Woods, R. K. TI The contribution of anthropogenic aerosols to aerosol light-scattering and CCN activity in the California coastal zone SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; MULTIVARIATE RECEPTOR MODELS; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; PARTICLE-SIZE; ACE-ASIA; PM2.5; HYGROSCOPICITY; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Aircraft-based measurements of aerosol light-scattering coefficient, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) measured directly or by proxy, and aerosol chemical composition are reported for three different years in the region of the large stratocumulus deck off the California coast. Receptor modeling is used to differentiate the contributions of the main aerosol sources to the light scattering and CCN activity. The contribution of anthropogenic sources to the two climatically important aerosol parameters (for direct and indirect forcing) varied from year to year but, on average, was found to be 67% in the case of CCN concentration and 57% in the case of light-scattering coefficient. C1 [Hegg, D. A.; Covert, D. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jonsson, H. H.; Woods, R. K.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hegg, DA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM deanhegg@atmos.washington.edu FU ONR [N00014-07-1-0277] FX This research was supported by ONR grant N00014-07-1-0277. The authors wish to thank G. Buzorius for his careful calibration and maintenance of the PCASP and Tim Larson for many valuable discussions. Additionally, we thank three anonymous reviewers for their informed and valuable comments. Back trajectories used in this study were calculated with HYSPLIT-IV (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) Model, 1997. Web address: http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/hysplit4.html, NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 15 BP 7341 EP 7351 DI 10.5194/acp-10-7341-2010 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 637VV UT WOS:000280847700024 ER PT J AU Montgomery, MT Lussier, LL Moore, RW Wang, Z AF Montgomery, M. T. Lussier, L. L., III Moore, R. W. Wang, Z. TI The genesis of Typhoon Nuri as observed during the Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 (TCS-08) field experiment - Part 1: The role of the easterly wave critical layer SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; UPPER TROPOSPHERIC TROUGH; VERTICAL SHEAR; CYCLOGENESIS; VORTEX; EVOLUTION; MONSOON; ITCZ; DISTURBANCES; ALIGNMENT AB An observational and real-time model forecast study of the genesis of Typhoon Nuri during the Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 (TCS-08) field campaign in the western North Pacific sector is presented. Analysis and observational data show that the surrounding base state is an easterly trade wind flow and the precursor disturbance to Typhoon Nuri is an easterly wave that originates in the ITCZ in the Central Pacific. This disturbance can be tracked more than 10 days prior to tropical storm formation. An overview of the field data is presented here using a newly proposed dynamical framework for tropical cyclone formation within the critical layer of an easterly wave. Despite propagating through a hostile environment ripe with strong vertical wind shear and relatively dry air, the easterly wave critical layer protects the proto-vortex and allows it to gestate until it reaches a more favorable environment. Within this protective "Kelvin cat's eye flow" located within the wave's critical layer existed a sweet spot, defined as the intersection between the wave trough and critical latitude, which is the preferred location for tropical cyclogenesis. Global Forecast System Final Analyses and IR satellite imagery, which shows convective bands wrapping around the sweet spot as genesis nears, confirm that this sweet spot is the location where Typhoon Nuri's dominant low-level circulation emerges. United States Air Force C130 and Naval Research Laboratory P3 research flights on 16 and 17 August collected flight-level, dropwindsonde, and Doppler radar data that allowed an evaluation of the dynamic and thermodynamic processes within the cat's eye circulation. The dropwindsonde analyses identifies the precursor easterly wave disturbance on 16 August and identifies an area of weak low-level cyclonic circulation on 17 August. Real-time forecasts were produced using operational global prediction model data to support scientific missions during TCS-08. These forecasts were found to be useful in flight planning discussions and predicted Typhoon Nuri's eventual genesis latitude within 1.5 degrees 72 h in advance. C1 [Montgomery, M. T.; Lussier, L. L., III; Moore, R. W.; Wang, Z.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Montgomery, MT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mtmontgo@nps.edu FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0733380, ATM-0715426, ATM-0649946]; Office of Naval Research [N001408WR20129]; US Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California FX Thanks to CIMMS and NASA for satellite data and NRL Stennis for ocean data. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Grants ATM-0733380, ATM-0715426, ATM-0649946, the Office of Naval Research grant N001408WR20129 and by the US Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. This work was initiated between daily planning meetings and research flights while in the field on Guam, and a "zero draft" was completed soon after at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS). We would like to thank R. Ferek, the ONR/NSF-supported scientists (especially Pat Harr, Russ Elsberry of the NPS and Peter Black of NRL/Monterey), the professional and student forecasters, the flight crews and support personnel who worked tirelessly to make the field campaign a great success. The science team fostered a stimulating atmosphere for conducting tropical cyclone research. Finally, we would like to thank Drs. John Molinari, Roger Smith and George Kiladis for providing constructive reviews that helped us improve the manuscript. NR 42 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 20 BP 9879 EP 9900 DI 10.5194/acp-10-9879-2010 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 673LH UT WOS:000283663000011 ER PT J AU Montgomery, MT Wang, Z Dunkerton, TJ AF Montgomery, M. T. Wang, Z. Dunkerton, T. J. TI Coarse, intermediate and high resolution numerical simulations of the transition of a tropical wave critical layer to a tropical storm SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN EASTERLY WAVES; CYCLONE FORMATION; NWP SYSTEM; PART II; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; GENESIS; CYCLOGENESIS; MODEL; VORTEX; PREDICTION AB Recent work has hypothesized that tropical cyclones in the deep Atlantic and eastern Pacific basins develop from within the cyclonic Kelvin cat's eye of a tropical easterly wave critical layer located equatorward of the easterly jet axis. The cyclonic critical layer is thought to be important to tropical cyclogenesis because its cat's eye provides (i) a region of cyclonic vorticity and weak deformation by the resolved flow, (ii) containment of moisture entrained by the developing flow and/or lofted by deep convection therein, (iii) confinement of mesoscale vortex aggregation, (iv) a predominantly convective type of heating profile, and (v) maintenance or enhancement of the parent wave until the developing proto-vortex becomes a self-sustaining entity and emerges from the wave as a tropical depression. This genesis sequence and the overarching framework for describing how such hybrid wave-vortex structures become tropical depressions/storms is likened to the development of a marsupial infant in its mother's pouch, and for this reason has been dubbed the "marsupial paradigm". Here we conduct the first multi-scale test of the marsupial paradigm in an idealized setting by revisiting the Kurihara and Tuleya problem examining the transformation of an easterly wave-like disturbance into a tropical storm vortex using the WRF model. An analysis of the evolving winds, equivalent potential temperature, and relative vertical vorticity is presented from coarse (28 km), intermediate (9 km) and high resolution (3.1 km) simulations. The results are found to support key elements of the marsupial paradigm by demonstrating the existence of a rotationally dominant region with minimal strain/shear deformation near the center of the critical layer pouch that contains strong cyclonic vorticity and high saturation fraction. This localized region within the pouch serves as the "attractor" for an upscale "bottom up" development process while the wave pouch and proto-vortex move together. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to an upcoming field experiment for the most active period of the Atlantic hurricane season in 2010 that is to be conducted collaboratively between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the National Aeronautics and Space Adminstration (NASA). C1 [Montgomery, M. T.; Dunkerton, T. J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Dunkerton, T. J.] NW Res Associates, Bellevue, WA USA. [Wang, Z.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Montgomery, MT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM mtmontgo@nps.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation [ATM-0733380, ATM-0715426, ATM-0649944, ATM-0649946, ATM-0227632]; Office of Naval Research [N001408WR20129]; U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California; [MIPR NNG07HU171]; [NNH04CC63C] FX We appreciate the enthusiastic reception of our colleagues attending the NASA AMMA/TCSP workshop in Baltimore (May 2007) where an overview of some of this work was first presented by MTM. Helpful comments on this work were provided by our NPS/NRL-Monterey colleagues. We thank C. Davis, L. Bosart and A. Heymsfeld for their collaboration in the proposed PREDICT experiment and their assistance with the writing of Appendix B, and thank Roger Smith and Kevin Tory for their helpful comments. This research was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, MIPR NNG07HU171 and Contract NNH04CC63C, the National Science Foundation Grants ATM-0733380, ATM-0715426, ATM-0649944, ATM-0649946, ATM-0227632, the Office of Naval Research grant N001408WR20129 and the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. NR 45 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 22 BP 10803 EP 10827 DI 10.5194/acp-10-10803-2010 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 687EG UT WOS:000284759500007 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Reid, JS AF Zhang, J. Reid, J. S. TI A decadal regional and global trend analysis of the aerosol optical depth using a data-assimilation grade over-water MODIS and Level 2 MISR aerosol products SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CALIBRATION; THICKNESS; ALGORITHM; AERONET AB Using the ten-year (2000-2009) Data-Assimilation (DA) quality Terra MODIS and MISR aerosol products, as well as 7 years of Aqua MODIS, we studied both regional and global aerosol trends over oceans. This included both operational and data assimilation grade versions of the products. After correcting for what appears to be aerosol signal drift from the radiometric calibration of both MODIS instruments, we found MODIS and MISR agreed on a statistically negligible global trend of +/- 0.003/per decade. Our study also suggests that AODs over the Indian Bay of Bengal, east coast of Asia, and Arabian Sea show increasing trends of 0.07, 0.06, and 0.06 per decade for MODIS, respectively. These regional trends are considered as significant with a confidence level above 95%. Similar increasing trends were found from MISR, but with less relative magnitude. These trends reflect respective increases in the optical intensity of aerosol events in each region: anthropogenic aerosols over the east coast of China and Indian Bay of Bengal; and a stronger influence from dust events over the Arabian Sea. Negative AOD trends, low in confidence levels, are found off Central America, the east coast of North America, and the west coast of Africa, which indicate that longer periods of observation are necessary to be conclusive. C1 [Zhang, J.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Folks, ND USA. [Reid, J. S.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Folks, ND USA. EM jzhang@atmos.und.edu RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 FU Office of Naval Research [322]; NASA FX This research was funded by the Office of Naval Research Code 322, the Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Program, and the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program. We acknowledge and appreciate the AERONET program and their contributing principal investigators and their staff for establishing and maintaining the coastal and inland sites used in this investigation. We would like to thank reviewers Lorraine Remer and Michael Mishchenko for their thoughtful comments. We would also like to thank Ralph Kahn for his helpful comments and suggestions. NR 40 TC 129 Z9 132 U1 5 U2 32 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 22 BP 10949 EP 10963 DI 10.5194/acp-10-10949-2010 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 687EG UT WOS:000284759500016 ER PT S AU Moore, CI Stell, MF Rabinovich, WS Burris, HR Suite, MR Thomas, LW Mahon, R AF Moore, Christopher I. Stell, Mena F. Rabinovich, William S. Burris, Harris R. Suite, Michele R. Thomas, Linda W. Mahon, Rita BE Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI Naval Research Laboratory Scintillation Playback System for Bench Top Lasercomm Testing SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation VII CY APR 06-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Lasercom; Lasercomm; Free Space Optical; FSO; atmospheric scintillation ID SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; LINK AB The Naval Research Laboratory has developed a system to optically "playback" recorded atmospheric scintillation data files. Scintillation data files typically consist of voltage versus time data taken during various outdoor field tests. Optical playback of these files involves modulating laser light in an optical fiber such that the output mimics the fluctuations observed in the outdoor field tests. This capability allows greatly simplified testing of lasercomm hardware and software in a laboratory environment without the need for more expensive and complicated outdoor field tests. This system also enables repetitive testing with the same fluctuations which is extremely useful for optimization of lasercomm system performance. C1 [Moore, Christopher I.; Rabinovich, William S.; Burris, Harris R.; Suite, Michele R.; Thomas, Linda W.; Mahon, Rita] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moore, CI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8149-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7685 AR 768508 DI 10.1117/12.863557 PG 9 WC Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BSM44 UT WOS:000284932600006 ER PT S AU Thomas, LM Moore, CI Rabinovich, W AF Thomas, Linda M. Moore, Christopher I. Rabinovich, William BE Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI The ONR Enabling Capability on High Bandwidth Lasercom SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation VII CY APR 06-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB The Office of Naval Research has begun a five year technology development program in high bandwidth lasercom. The program is designed to mature enabling technologies and demonstrate a notional high bandwidth capability to the warfighter. This is a spiral development program, with increasingly automated, capable, and compact systems being demonstrated at the end of each phase. Both direct lasercom links and modulating retroreflector links will be matured during this program. C1 [Thomas, Linda M.; Moore, Christopher I.; Rabinovich, William] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thomas, LM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8149-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7685 AR 76850I DI 10.1117/12.850893 PG 8 WC Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BSM44 UT WOS:000284932600013 ER PT J AU Ge, XY Li, T Zhang, SJ Peng, M AF Ge, Xuyang Li, Tim Zhang, Shengjun Peng, Melinda TI What causes the extremely heavy rainfall in Taiwan during Typhoon Morakot (2009)? SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE heavy rainfall; typhoon ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; FLOW AB Despite its category-2 intensity only, Typhoon (tropical cyclone in the Western Pacific) Morakot produced a record-breaking rainfall in Taiwan. A cloud-resolving model is used to simulate this extreme rainfall event and understand the dynamic aspect under this event. Due to the interaction between Morakot and a monsoon system, a peripheral gale force monsoon surge appears to the south of Taiwan. The monsoon surge remains even in a sensitivity experiment in which Taiwan terrain is reduced. However, the rainfall amount in Taiwan is greatly reduced without high topography over Taiwan, suggesting the important role the local topography plays in producing heavy rainfall. The overall numerical results indicate that it is the interaction among the typhoon, monsoon system, and local terrain that led to this extreme event. Copyright (C) 2010 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Ge, Xuyang; Li, Tim; Zhang, Shengjun] Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Zhang, Shengjun] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Peng, Melinda] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. RP Ge, XY (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, SOEST, 1680 East West Rd,POST Bldg 401, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM xuyang@hawaii.edu FU ONR [N000140710145, N000140810256]; NSF of China [40875026]; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC); NASA [NNX07AG53G]; NOAA [NA17RJ1230] FX The authors thank Drs Xiaqiong Zhou and Pang-Chi Hsu for valuable discussions. This work is supported by ONR Grants N000140710145 and N000140810256. X. Ge is also supported by NSF of China Grant 40875026. International Pacific Research Center is partially sponsored by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), NASA (NNX07AG53G), and NOAA (NA17RJ1230). This is SOEST contribution number 7875 and IPRC contribution number 650. NR 15 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 11 IS 1 BP 46 EP 50 DI 10.1002/asl.255 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 566TE UT WOS:000275395300008 ER PT J AU Landi, E Bhatia, AK AF Landi, E. Bhatia, A. K. TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for Ni XIV SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; SOLAR ACTIVE-REGION; EMISSION-LINES; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; RATE COEFFICIENTS; FORBIDDEN LINES; CROSS-SECTIONS; CO-XIII; WAVELENGTHS; ANGSTROM AB Electron impact collision strengths, energy levels, oscillator strengths, and spontaneous radiative decay rates are calculated for Ni XIV. We include in the calculations all the configurations belonging to the n = 3 complex, and provide data for the lowest 143 fine-structure levels, belonging to the configurations 3s(2)3p(3), 3s3p(4), 3s(2)3p(2)3d, 3p(5), 3s3p(3)3d, and 3s(2)3p3d(2). Collision strengths are calculated at six incident energies for all transitions: 0.112, 8.07, 21.3, 43.4. 80.3, and 141.8 Ry above the threshold of each transition. Calculations have been carried out using the Flexible Atomic Code. Excitation rate coefficients are calculated as a function of electron temperature by assuming a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution. Using the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative transition rates of the present work, statistical equilibrium equations for level populations are solved at electron densities covering the range of 10(8)-10(14) cm(-3) and at an electron temperature of log T(e) (K) = 6.3, corresponding to the maximum abundance of Ni XIV. Spectral line intensities are calculated, and their diagnostic relevance is discussed. This data set is available in version 6.0 of the CHIANTI database. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Landi, E.; Bhatia, A. K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Landi, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Landi, E.] ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7662,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM enrico.landi@nrl.navy.mil RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 FU NASA [NNH06CD24C, NNG04ED07P] FX The work of Enrico Landi is supported by the NNH06CD24C, NNG04ED07P, and other NASA Grants. Calculations were carried out using the Discover computer of the NASA Center for Computation Science. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD JAN PY 2010 VL 96 IS 1 BP 52 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2009.09.002 PG 33 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 526GO UT WOS:000272275900003 ER PT S AU Brock, D McClimens, B Wasylyshyn, C Trafton, JG McCurry, M AF Brock, Derek McClimens, Brian Wasylyshyn, Christina Trafton, J. Gregory McCurry, Malcolm BE Ystad, S Aramaki, M KronlandMartinet, R Jensen, K TI Evaluating the Utility of Auditory Perspective-Taking in Robot Speech Presentations SO AUDITORY DISPLAY SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Computer Music Modeling and Retrieval CY MAY 18-22, 2009 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Univ Aalborg, Lab Mecan & Acoust, INCM, CNRS DE auditory perspective-taking; adaptive auditory display; synthetic speech; human-robot interaction; auditory interaction; listening performance AB In speech interactions, people routinely reason about each other's auditory perspective and change their manner of speaking accordingly, by adjusting their voice to overcome noise or distance, or by pausing for especially loud sounds and resuming when conditions are more favorable for the listener. In this paper we report the findings of a listening study motivated both by this observation and a prototype auditory interface for a mobile robot that monitors the aural parameters of its environment and infers its user's listening requirements. The results provide significant empirical evidence of the utility of simulated auditory perspective taking and the inferred use of loudness and/or pauses to overcome the potential of ambient noise to mask synthetic speech. C1 [Brock, Derek; McClimens, Brian; Wasylyshyn, Christina; Trafton, J. Gregory; McCurry, Malcolm] USN, Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brock, D (reprint author), USN, Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Derek.Brock@nrl.navy.mil; Brian.McClimens@nrl.navy.mil; Christina.Wasylyshyn@nrl.navy.mil; Gregory.Trafton@nrl.navy.mil; Malcolm.McCurry@nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-12438-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 5954 BP 266 EP 286 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPR71 UT WOS:000279731700014 ER PT S AU Jaggard, AD Meadows, C Mislove, M Segala, R AF Jaggard, Aaron D. Meadows, Catherine Mislove, Michael Segala, Roberto BE Armando, A Lowe, G TI Reasoning about Probabilistic Security Using Task-PIOAs SO AUTOMATED REASONING FOR SECURITY PROTOCOL ANALYSIS AND ISSUES IN THE THEORY OF SECURITY SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Workshop on Automated Reasoning for Security Protocol Analysis and Issues in the Theory of Security CY MAR 27-28, 2010 CL Paphos, CYPRUS ID CRYPTOGRAPHIC PROTOCOLS; ANONYMITY; CALCULUS AB Task-structured probabilistic input/output automata (Task-PIOAs) are concurrent probabilistic automata that, among other things, have been used to provide a formal framework for the universal composability paradigms of protocol security. One of their advantages is that that they allow one to distinguish high-level nondeterminism that can affect the outcome of the protocol, from low-level choices, which can't. We present an alternative approach to analyzing the structure of TaskPIOAs that relies on ordered sets. We focus on two of the components that are required to define and apply Task-PIOAs: discrete probability theory and automata theory. We believe our development gives insight into the structure of Task-PIOAs and how they can be utilized to model crypto-protocols. We illustrate our approach with an example from anonymity, an area that has not previously been addressed using Task-PIOAs. We model Chaum's Dining Cryptographers Protocol at a level that does not require cryptographic primitives in the analysis. We show via this example how our approach can leverage a proof of security in the case a principal behaves deterministically to prove security when that principal behaves probabilistically. C1 [Jaggard, Aaron D.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Meadows, Catherine] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mislove, Michael] Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Segala, Roberto] Univ Verona, I-37100 Verona, Italy. RP Jaggard, AD (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM adj@dimacs.rutgers.edu; catherine.meadows@nrl.navy.mil; mwm@math.tulane.edu; roberto.segala@univr.it OI Jaggard, Aaron D./0000-0003-0628-4553 FU NSF [0751674]; ONR; MIUR PRIN [INFSO-ICT-223844.L.]; Center for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science; DIMACS Special Focus on Communication Security and Information Privacy FX The authors wish to thank the Center for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science and the DIMACS Special Focus on Communication Security and Information Privacy for their support that allowed us to gather at Rutgers to work on this project for a week in May/June, 2008.; The author wishes to acknowledge the support of NSF grant 0751674 and of the ONR during this research.; These authors wish to acknowledge the support of the ONR during this research.; The author acknowledges the support of the MIUR PRIN project SOFT and FP7 grant INFSO-ICT-223844.L. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-16073-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6186 BP 2 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BTA62 UT WOS:000286287100002 ER PT S AU Estabridis, K AF Estabridis, Katia BE Sadjadi, FA Mahalanobis, A Chodos, SL Thompson, WE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Automatic Target Recognition via Sparse Representations SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XX; ACQUISITION, TRACKING, POINTING, AND LASER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES XXIV; AND OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition XX - Acquisition, Tracking, Pointing, and Laser Systems Technologies XXIV - and Optical Pattern Recognition XXI CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Sparse representations; overcomplete dictionary; compressed sensing; automatic target recognition AB Automatic target recognition (ATR) based on the emerging technology of Compressed Sensing (CS) can considerably improve accuracy, speed and cost associated with these types of systems. An image based ATR algorithm has been built upon this new theory, which can perform target detection and recognition in a low dimensional space. Compressed dictionaries (A) are formed to include rotational information for a scale of interest. The algorithm seeks to identify y(test sample) as a linear combination of the dictionary elements : y=Ax, where A is an element of R(nxm) (n << m) and x is a sparse vector whose non-zero entries identify the input y. The signal x will be sparse with respect to the dictionary A as long as y is a valid target. The algorithm can reject clutter and background, which are part of the input image. The detection and recognition problems are solved by finding the sparse-solution to the undetermined system y=Ax via Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) and l(1) minimization techniques. Visible and MWIR imagery collected by the Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) was utilized to test the algorithm. Results show an average detection and recognition rates above 95% for targets at ranges up to 3Km for both image modalities. C1 USN, Image & Signal Proc Branch, Res & Intelligence Dept, Air Warfare Ctr Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Estabridis, K (reprint author), USN, Image & Signal Proc Branch, Res & Intelligence Dept, Air Warfare Ctr Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM katia.estabridis@navy.mil NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8160-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7696 AR 76960O DI 10.1117/12.849591 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Robotics; Optics SC Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BSH11 UT WOS:000284396300021 ER PT S AU Lidsky, D Nichols, K Lange, C Warren, J Thorsted, G Freeman, B Steadman, C AF Lidsky, David Nichols, Ken Lange, Charles Warren, Jeff Thorsted, Greg Freeman, Bryan Steadman, Charles BE Sadjadi, FA Mahalanobis, A Chodos, SL Thompson, WE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Model for signal acquisition range for laser guided mortar SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XX; ACQUISITION, TRACKING, POINTING, AND LASER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES XXIV; AND OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition XX - Acquisition, Tracking, Pointing, and Laser Systems Technologies XXIV - and Optical Pattern Recognition XXI CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE laser; guided; mortar; model; analytical; photo-diode; trans-impedance amplifier; noise AB A simple analytical model for the signal acquisition range for a laser guided mortar is presented. The signal consists of a repetitively pulsed laser of fixed pulse duration and fixed pulse repetition frequency. The pulses are detected by a seeker consisting of a quadrant photodiode and a trans-impedance amplifier. Noise is introduced from solar irradiance and from the detector/amplifier electronics. The model maximizes the acquisition range by optimizing trans-impedance amplifier circuit components. A comparison of integrating multiple low energy pulses (MPLD) versus detecting each pulse individually (conventional) is made. C1 [Lidsky, David; Nichols, Ken; Thorsted, Greg; Freeman, Bryan; Steadman, Charles] USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Dahlgren, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Lidsky, D (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Dahlgren, 18106 Phalanx Rd,Suite 220, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM david.lidsky@navy.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8160-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7696 AR 76961J DI 10.1117/12.849250 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Robotics; Optics SC Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BSH11 UT WOS:000284396300045 ER PT S AU van Bibber, K AF van Bibber, Karl BE Tanner, DB VanBibber, KA TI Pierre Sikivie and the Gift for Simple Ideas SO AXIONS 2010: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Axions 2010 CY JAN 15-17, 2010 CL Gainesville, FL SP Univ Florida, Off Provost, Univ Florida, Off Res, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Inst Fundamental Theory, Univ Florida, Inst High Energy Phys & Astrophys, Univ Florida, Dept Phys DE Axions; Dark Matter; Primakoff Effect; Microwave Cavity Experiment ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICE; INVISIBLE-AXION; COSMIC AXIONS; DARK-MATTER; RADIOFREQUENCY-AMPLIFIER; SEARCH; CONSTRAINTS AB I comment on the status and future prospects of the field of axion searches in the context of the seminal contributions of Pierre Sikivie. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP van Bibber, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0824-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1274 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1063/1.3489552 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BTK48 UT WOS:000287167800001 ER PT S AU Mueller, G Sikivie, P Tanner, DB van Bibber, K AF Mueller, Guido Sikivie, Pierre Tanner, David B. van Bibber, Karl BE Tanner, DB VanBibber, KA TI Resonantly-enhanced axion-photon regeneration SO AXIONS 2010: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Axioms 2010 CY JAN 15-17, 2010 CL Gainesville, FL SP Univ Florida, Off Provost, Univ Florida, Off Res, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Inst Fundamental Theory, Univ Florida, Inst High Energy Phys & Astrophys, Univ Florida, Dept Phys DE axion; photon regeneration; shining light through walls ID FREQUENCY STABILIZATION; SEARCH AB A resonantly-enhanced photon-regeneration experiment to search for the axion or axion-like particles is discussed. Photons enter a strong magnetic field and some are converted to axions; the axions can pass through an opaque wall and some may convert back to photons in a second high-field region. The photon regeneration is enhanced by employing matched Fabry-Perot optical cavities, with one cavity within the axion generation magnet and the second within the photon regeneration magnet. The optics for this experiment are discussed, with emphasis on the alignment of the two cavities. C1 [Mueller, Guido; Sikivie, Pierre; Tanner, David B.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [van Bibber, Karl] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Mueller, G (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DEFG02-97ER41029, DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contracts DEFG02-97ER41029, and DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0824-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1274 BP 150 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3489547 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BTK48 UT WOS:000287167800024 ER PT J AU Zdanavicius, J Bartasiute, S Boyle, RP Vrba, FJ Zdanavicius, K AF Zdanavicius, J. Bartasiute, S. Boyle, R. P. Vrba, F. J. Zdanavicius, K. TI MULTICOLOR CCD PHOTOMETRY OF THE OPEN CLUSTER IC 361 SO BALTIC ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE stars: fundamental parameters; Galaxy: open clusters: individual (IC 361) AB CCD photometry in the eight-color Vilnius + I system for 7250 stars down to I = 19.6 mag has been obtained in the 20' x 26' field of the open cluster IC 361 in Camelopardalis. The catalog of 1420 stars down to V similar to 18.5 mag is presented. It contains the coordinates, V magnitudes and seven color indices, quantitative photometric spectral types, absolute magnitudes and distances. The interstellar extinction is found to be non-uniform across the field, with the values of A(V) in the range 1.9 to 2.4 mag. The distribution of distance moduli of individual stars shows that the cluster is located as far as, or just beyond, the Perseus spiral arm. C1 [Zdanavicius, J.; Bartasiute, S.] Vilnius Univ Observ, LT-03100 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Boyle, R. P.] Steward Observ, Vatican Observ Res Grp, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Vrba, F. J.] USN, Observ Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. [Zdanavicius, K.] Vilnius State Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. RP Zdanavicius, J (reprint author), Vilnius Univ Observ, Ciurlionio 29, LT-03100 Vilnius, Lithuania. RI Boyle, Richard/G-7257-2012 FU Research Council of Lithuania [MOS-8/2010] FX J. Z. was supported by the Research Council of Lithuania under grant No. MOS-8/2010. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST THEORETICAL PHYSICS ASTRONOMY PI MOLETAI PA MOLETAI LT-4150, LITHUANIA SN 1392-0049 J9 BALT ASTRON JI Balt. Astron. PY 2010 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 94 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 638MO UT WOS:000280899200003 ER PT S AU Sutto, TE Wong, TC Taft, JR Duncan, TT AF Sutto, Thomas E. Wong, Tiffany C. Taft, Jenna R. Duncan, Teresa T. BE Ogumi, Z Dudney, NJ Narayanan, SR TI MG(2+) ION BEHAVIOR IN IONIC LIQUIDS SO BATTERY/ENERGY TECHNOLOGY (GENERAL) - 216TH ECS MEETING SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Battery/Energy Technology Joint General Session Held During the 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Battery, Energy Technol ID POLYMER COMPOSITE ELECTRODES; MO6S8 CHEVREL-PHASE; 1,2-DIMETHYL-3-PROPYL-IMIDAZOLIUM TETRAFLUOROBORATE; 1-ETHYL-3-METHYL-IMIDAZOLIUM TETRAFLUOROBORATE; BATTERIES; GRAPHITE; ELECTROLYTES; INSERTION; KINETICS; SYSTEMS AB The behavior of the Mg ion in ionic liquids is characterized in this paper. High ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability is observed for ionic liquids composed of a 1,2-dimethyl-3-n-R-imidazolium cation (R = propyl (MMPI) and butyl (MMBI)) and a bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-imide (TFSI) anion containing Mg(TFSI)(2). The ionic liquids containing the Mg ion are also used to create solid polymer gel electrolytes using PVdF-HFP. The ionic conductivity of the TFSI-based ionic liquids, in both liquid form and solid gel, ranges from 1-3 mS/cm at room temperature. Electrochemical measurements indicate that the Mg ion is readily intercalated and de-intercalated from graphite, with charge/discharge efficiencies typically above 80%. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates a difference of only 1 angstrom in the c-axis expansion of the graphite when intercalated with the imidazolium cation or the Mg ion and the imidazolium cations. This indicates that co-intercalation of the Mg ion and the imidazolium cation is occurring. C1 [Sutto, Thomas E.; Wong, Tiffany C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6364,BLDG 3,Rm 210,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Taft, Jenna R.; Duncan, Teresa T.] NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria 22308, VA USA. RP Sutto, TE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6364,BLDG 3,Rm 210,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomas.sutto@nrl.navy.mil RI Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016 OI Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-809-1 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 25 IS 35 BP 85 EP 98 DI 10.1149/1.3414006 PG 14 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BDH26 UT WOS:000313248000008 ER PT S AU Sutto, TE Wong, TC Taft, JR Duncan, TT AF Sutto, Thomas E. Wong, Tiffany C. Taft, Jenna R. Duncan, Teresa T. BE Ogumi, Z Dudney, NJ Narayanan, SR TI Synthesis and Characterization of Polymerized Ionic Liquids SO BATTERY/ENERGY TECHNOLOGY (GENERAL) - 216TH ECS MEETING SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Battery/Energy Technology Joint General Session Held During the 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Battery, Energy Technol ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTROLYTES AB Polymerized ionic liquids are prepared using a dibromoalkane reacted with 2 methyl imidazole. Two different dibromoalkanes are used, 1,5-dibromopentane and 1,6-dibromohexane. In order to increase the molecular weight of these two polymers, two different synthetic attempts were used to create poly-(2-methyl-1-pentyl imidazolium bromide and poly-(2-methyl-1-hexyl imidazolium bromide) with molecular weights of 7400 and 8900. Anion exchanges are performed to replace the bromide with hexafluorophosphate. These polymers are then doped with LiPF6 in a solution of acetonitrile which was subsequently drop cast. Ionic conductivity measurements indicate ionic conductivity above 0.01 mS/cm, with no liquid electrolyte present. C1 [Sutto, Thomas E.; Wong, Tiffany C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6364,BLDG 3,Rm 210,4555 Overlook Ave Sw, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Taft, Jenna R.; Duncan, Teresa T.] NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria 22308, VA USA. RP Sutto, TE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6364,BLDG 3,Rm 210,4555 Overlook Ave Sw, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomas.sutto@nrl.navy.mil RI Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016 OI Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-809-1 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 25 IS 35 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1149/1.3414007 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BDH26 UT WOS:000313248000009 ER PT J AU Romano, JA Rittschof, D McClellan-Green, PD Holm, ER AF Romano, Jocelyn A. Rittschof, Daniel McClellan-Green, Patricia D. Holm, Eric R. TI Variation in toxicity of copper pyrithione among populations and families of the barnacle, Balanus amphitrite SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE copper pyrithione; Balanus amphitrite; toxicity; interpopulation variation; intrapopulation variation ID FIXED WAVELENGTH FLUORESCENCE; DAPHNIA-MAGNA STRAUS; ANTIFOULING BIOCIDES; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; LIFE-HISTORY; HEAVY-METALS; STRESS; VARIABILITY; TOLERANCE AB Inter-and intra-population variation in the toxicity of the antifouling biocide copper pyrithione (CuPT) was examined for nauplius larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite. Nauplii were collected from brooding adults from four sites within the Newport River estuary (NC), chosen based on an initial estimation of recent and historical human activities that affect local contamination levels. Each site was characterized for the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and for the frequency of gastropod imposex, an indicator of contamination by organotins. Sensitivity of nauplii to CuPT varied significantly across the sites/populations, with LC50 values ranging from 4.0 mu g l(-1) to 6.1 mu g l(-1). Larvae from the most contaminated site were the most sensitive to CuPT. Intrapopulation variation in toxicity was investigated by exposing nauplius larvae from 15 maternal families to a fixed concentration of CuPT (6.1 mu g l(-1)). Variation in larval mortality among the families was significant, ranging from 15.1% to 98.9%. C1 [Holm, Eric R.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. [McClellan-Green, Patricia D.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Morehead City, NC USA. [Romano, Jocelyn A.; Rittschof, Daniel; McClellan-Green, Patricia D.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Holm, ER (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. EM eric.holm@navy.mil FU Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program; NOAA [NA04N0S4200151]; Office of Naval Research FX This research was funded by the Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program (JAR), the NOAA National Estuarine Research Reserve Graduate Research Fellowship Program ( Grant # NA04N0S4200151 to JAR/PMG), and the Office of Naval Research (DR, ERH). J. Osterberg produced Figure 1. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 EI 1029-2454 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1080/08927010903511618 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 593VN UT WOS:000277489900007 PM 20112148 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Ray, RI Little, BJ AF Lee, Jason S. Ray, Richard I. Little, Brenda J. TI An assessment of alternative diesel fuels: microbiological contamination and corrosion under storage conditions SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE corrosion; diesel; biodiesel; biofouling; MIC; carbon steel; aluminum; stainless steel ID ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; NATURAL-GAS; BIODIESEL; DEGRADATION; METABOLISM; IRON; OIL AB Experiments were designed to evaluate the nature and extent of microbial contamination and the potential for microbiologically influenced corrosion of alloys exposed in a conventional high sulfur diesel (L100) and alternative fuels, including 100% biodiesel (B100), ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and blends of ULSD and B100 (B5 and B20). In experiments with additions of distilled water, all fuels supported biofilm formation. Changes in the water pH did not correlate with observations related to corrosion. In all exposures, aluminum 5052 was susceptible to pitting while stainless steel 304L exhibited passive behavior. Carbon steel exhibited uniform corrosion in ULSD and L100, and passive behavior in B5, B20, and B100. C1 [Lee, Jason S.; Ray, Richard I.; Little, Brenda J.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Codes 7332-7303, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jlee@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [332, N0001408WX20857] FX This work was supported by Dr David Shifler at the Office of Naval Research (ONR Code 332) under award N0001408WX20857. The authors would also like to acknowledge S. Williams (Naval Fuels and Lubes CFT), K. J. Johnson, R. E. Morris, and M. H. Hammond (NRL Code 6181), and B. C. Giordano (Nova Research) for the work involving fuel chemical characterization. Publication Number NRL/JA/7330-10-0331. NR 54 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2010 VL 26 IS 6 BP 623 EP 635 DI 10.1080/08927014.2010.504984 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 650XG UT WOS:000281887000001 PM 20628927 ER PT B AU Scribner, D Johnson, L AF Scribner, Dean Johnson, Lee BA Hung, GK BF Hung, GK TI Applications of Advanced Technologies to Retinal Prosthesis SO BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES OF THE BIONIC MAN SE Series on Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EPITHELIAL-CELL SHEETS; ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; NEURAL STIMULATION; IRIDIUM OXIDE; MICROELECTRODE ARRAY; RETINITIS-PIGMENTOSA; ELECTRODE ARRAY; IMPLANTATION; VISION; CHARGE C1 [Scribner, Dean] Northrop Grumman, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. [Johnson, Lee] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20012 USA. RP Scribner, D (reprint author), Northrop Grumman, 5113 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. EM dean.scribner@ngc.com; lee.johnson@nrl.navy.mil NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-277-978-6 J9 SER BIOENG BIOMED EN PY 2010 VL 5 BP 81 EP 125 PG 45 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BMF88 UT WOS:000272214200003 ER PT S AU Kamgar-Parsi, B Lawson, WE Kamgar-Parsi, B AF Kamgar-Parsi, Behrooz Lawson, Wallace Edgar Kamgar-Parsi, Behzad BE Vijaya Kumar, BVK Prabhakar, S Ross, AA TI Face Recognition Motivated by Humans Approach SO BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY FOR HUMAN IDENTIFICATION VII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biometric Technology for Human Identification VII CY APR 05-06, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Face Recognition; Automatic Surveillance; Human-Like Classification; Morphing Facial Images; Open World; Biometrics AB We report the development of a face recognition system which operates in the same way as humans in that it is capable of recognizing a number of people, while rejecting everybody else as strangers. While humans do it routinely, a particularly challenging aspect of the problem of open-world face recognition has been the question of rejecting previously unseen faces as unfamiliar. Our approach can handle previously unseen faces; it is based on identifying and enclosing the region(s) in the human face space which belong to the target person(s). C1 [Kamgar-Parsi, Behrooz; Lawson, Wallace Edgar] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kamgar-Parsi, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8131-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7667 AR 766706 DI 10.1117/12.855707 PG 7 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics GA BSP46 UT WOS:000285289800006 ER PT J AU Iyer, MR Lee, YS Deschamps, JR Rothman, RB Dersch, CM Jacobson, AE Rice, KC AF Iyer, Malliga R. Lee, Yong Sok Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Rothman, Richard B. Dersch, Christina M. Jacobson, Arthur E. Rice, Kenner C. TI Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. 40. N-Substituted cis-4a-ethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9a-hexahydrobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-8-ols SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Synthesis; Opioid receptor binding; N-substituted cis-4a-ethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9a-hexahydrobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-8-ols; Oxide-bridged phenylmorphans; Geometry optimization; Superposition ID OXIDE-BRIDGED PHENYLMORPHANS; PHENETHYL ANALOGS; IN-VITRO; AFFINITY; ISOMERS; 5-(META-HYDROXYPHENYL)MORPHAN; MORPHINE; AGONISTS AB A series of N-substituted rac-cis-4a-ethyl-1,2,3,4,4a, 9a-hexahydrobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-8-ols have been prepared using a simple synthetic route previously designed for synthesis of related cis-2-methyl-4a-alkyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9a-hexahydrobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-6-ols. The new phenolic compounds, where the aromatic hydroxy moiety is situated ortho to the oxygen atom in the oxide-bridged ring, do not interact as well as the pyridin-6-ols with opioid receptors. The N-para-fluorophenethyl derivative had the highest mu-opioid receptor affinity of the examined compounds (K(i) = 0.35 mu M). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Iyer, Malliga R.; Jacobson, Arthur E.; Rice, Kenner C.] Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Drug Design & Synth Sect, Chem Biol Res Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Iyer, Malliga R.; Jacobson, Arthur E.; Rice, Kenner C.] NIAAA, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Lee, Yong Sok] NIH, Ctr Mol Modeling, Div Computat Biosci, CIT,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rothman, Richard B.; Dersch, Christina M.] Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Clin Psychopharmacol Sect, Chem Biol Res Branch, Addict Res Ctr,NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Rice, KC (reprint author), Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Drug Design & Synth Sect, Chem Biol Res Branch, 5625 Fishers Lane,Room 4N03, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM kr21f@nih.gov OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 DA999999]; NIDA NIH HHS [Y01 DA006002, Y1-DA6002] NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 1 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.11.022 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 534JJ UT WOS:000272892100010 PM 20005115 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Best, RB Mittal, J AF Kim, Youngchan Best, Robert B. Mittal, Jeetain TI Replica Exchange Simulations For Macromolecular Crowding Effects on Multiprotein Binding SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kim, Youngchan] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Best, Robert B.] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England. [Mittal, Jeetain] Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RI Best, Robert/H-7588-2016 OI Best, Robert/0000-0002-7893-3543 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 SU 1 BP 57A EP 57A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA V29QD UT WOS:000208762000304 ER PT J AU Yavlovich, A Singh, A Jang, H Nussinov, R Puri, A Blumenthal, R AF Yavlovich, Amichai Singh, Alok Jang, Hyunbum Nussinov, Ruth Puri, Anu Blumenthal, Robert TI Light-Induced Permeability Changes in Liposomes Containing Photo-Polymerizable Phospholipids SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yavlovich, Amichai; Jang, Hyunbum; Nussinov, Ruth; Puri, Anu; Blumenthal, Robert] NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Singh, Alok] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 SU 1 BP 602A EP 602A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA V29QD UT WOS:000208762006002 ER PT J AU Tomori, T Hupalo, D Teranishi, K Michaud, S Hammett, M Freilich, D McCarron, R Arnaud, F AF Tomori, Toshiki Hupalo, Daniel Teranishi, Kohsuke Michaud, Sarah Hammett, Mike Freilich, Daniel McCarron, Richard Arnaud, Francoise TI Evaluation of coagulation stages of hemorrhaged swine: comparison of thromboelastography and rotational elastometry SO BLOOD COAGULATION & FIBRINOLYSIS LA English DT Article DE coagulation; coagulopathy; swine; thromboelastography; thromboelastometry; trauma ID UNCONTROLLED HEMORRHAGE; OXYGEN CARRIER; THROMBELASTOGRAPHY; RESUSCITATION; HBOC-201; ROTEM(R); INJURY; RFVIIA; BLOOD; MODEL AB Thromboelastography (TEG) or rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) assesses blood viscoelastic properties and clotting kinetics that can be measured by Haemoscope TEG and Pentapharm ROTEM devices using slightly different methodologies. These devices were compared by measuring blood samples associated with various degrees of coagulopathy. Blood samples, collected from swine undergoing three types of severe injury and resuscitation protocol resulting in normal, hypercoagulopathy, and hypocoagulopathy, were assessed with TEG or ROTEM before the surgical procedures, and after injury, fluid resuscitation, and simulated hospital phase. Standard clotting parameters were compared by Student's t-test at a significance of a P value less than 0.05. Regression analysis indicated a positive correlation between TEG and ROTEM for reaction time (R), clotting rate (K), and maximum amplitude (M,,) parameters. With samples of normal coagulation, R (440 +/- 136 vs. 391 +/- 73 s), K (99 +/- 39 vs. 81 +/- 20 s), and M(a) (74 +/- 4 vs. 69 +/- 5 mm) were higher, whereas (alpha) (68 +/- 8 vs. 75 +/- 3 mm) was lower with TEG than ROTEM respectively; a P value is less than 0.05. The magnitude of changes from baseline in hypercoagulable or hypocoagulable samples due to level of injury was equivalent with TEG and ROTEM indicating comparable use of the instruments. However, when samples were extremely hypocoagulopathic due to resuscitation fluid, the TEG values could not be readily determined. Overall, TEG readings were higher than ROTEM readings; this disparity between the two instruments was attenuated with hypercoaguable samples. Both devices yielded similar information regarding the status of coagulation related to trauma. Because of operating characteristics, the same instrument should be used for monitoring the same patient or study. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 21:20-27 (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 [Tomori, Toshiki; Hupalo, Daniel; Teranishi, Kohsuke; Michaud, Sarah; Hammett, Mike; Freilich, Daniel; McCarron, Richard; Arnaud, Francoise] USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Trauma & Resuscitat Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Freilich, Daniel; McCarron, Richard; Arnaud, Francoise] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Arnaud, F (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Trauma & Resuscitat Med, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM francoise.arnaud@med.navy.mil FU BUMED [604771N.9737.001.A0315]; MARCORPS [26623M.162M.A0607] FX Research effort was Supported by BUMED #604771N.9737.001.A0315 and MARCORPS #26623M.162M.A0607. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0957-5235 J9 BLOOD COAGUL FIBRIN JI Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis PD JAN PY 2010 VL 21 IS 1 BP 20 EP 27 DI 10.1097/MBC.0b013e32833113e9 PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 544XE UT WOS:000273692800005 PM 20010092 ER PT S AU Caldwell, JD Anderson, TJ Hobart, KD Jernigan, GG Culbertson, JC Tadjer, MJ Kub, FJ Tedesco, JL Hite, JK Mastro, MA Myers-Ward, RL Eddy, CR Campbell, PM Gaskill, DK AF Caldwell, Joshua D. Anderson, Travis J. Hobart, Karl D. Jernigan, Glenn G. Culbertson, James C. Tadjer, Marko J. Kub, Fritz J. Tedesco, Joseph L. Hite, Jennifer K. Mastro, Michael A. Myers-Ward, Rachael L. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Campbell, Paul M. Gaskill, D. Kurt BE Pribat, D Lee, YH Razeghi, M TI Epitaxial Graphene: Dry Transfer and Materials Characterization SO CARBON NANOTUBES, GRAPHENE, AND ASSOCIATED DEVICES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and Associated Devices III CY AUG 01-04, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE epitaxial graphene; dry transfer; silicon carbide; Raman; XPS; Hall effect ID FILMS; RAMAN; TRANSISTORS; GRAPHITE AB Epitaxial graphene (EG) grown on the carbon-face of SiC has been shown to exhibit higher carrier mobilities in comparison graphene grown via most other methods, while also remaining amenable to wafer-scale growth and fabrication. The ability to transfer large area (>mm(2)), continuous graphene films to arbitrary substrates while maintaining the electrical and structural integrity of the film is desirable. We demonstrate the dry transfer of EG from the C-face of 4H-SiC onto SiO2, GaN and Al2O3 substrates using thermal release tape both with and without a PMMA backing layer. Van der Pauw devices fabricated from C-face EG that were transferred to SiO2 and sapphire exhibited similar Hall effect mobilities, with an approximate three-fold reduction in carrier density when compared to devices fabricated on as-grown material. Raman spectroscopy illustrated that the optimized transfer process did not adversely affect the material quality, while XPS was used to both determine the transfer efficiency as well as to observe the presence of atomic silicon within the as-grown EG films. This latter observation may provide insight into the identity of the native dopant within these materials and/or a point defect that could be limiting carrier mobility. C1 [Caldwell, Joshua D.; Anderson, Travis J.; Hobart, Karl D.; Jernigan, Glenn G.; Culbertson, James C.; Tadjer, Marko J.; Kub, Fritz J.; Tedesco, Joseph L.; Hite, Jennifer K.; Mastro, Michael A.; Myers-Ward, Rachael L.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.; Campbell, Paul M.; Gaskill, D. Kurt] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Caldwell, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8257-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7761 AR 77610N DI 10.1117/12.860676 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BSU49 UT WOS:000285828000009 ER PT J AU Ferguson, MA Needleman, M Mitchell, ES Carter, LI Bustamante, AI Love, KM Curran, MJ AF Ferguson, Michael A. Needleman, Matthew Mitchell, Eric S. Carter, Luther I. Bustamante, Alexander I. Love, Kathleen M. Curran, Michael J. TI A History of Prior Bare Metal Stent Restenosis Is Associated with Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Subsequent Bare Metal Stenting of de novo Coronary Lesions SO CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coronary lesion; Bare metal stent; Restenosis; Major adverse cardiac events ID ARTERIES; IMPLANTATION; PLACEMENT AB Objective: To investigate the risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with a history of bare metal stent (BMS) restenosis who undergo subsequent bare metal stenting of a geographically distinct, de novo coronary lesion. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 72 BMS procedures performed in geographically distinct, de novo coronary lesions in patients with a history of previous BMS placement at least 3 months prior to the second, index stent procedure. Patients with a history of in-stent restenosis (ISR) were compared with those who had no ISR in their initial stent. Results: Restenosis in the initial BMS was associated with a significant increase in MACE after placement of the index BMS (OR 20.0, 95% CI 3.86-103.58, p < 0.0001). This association was independent of traditional clinical and angio-graphic risk factors for restenosis. Conclusions: Restenosis of a previously placed BMS is strongly associated with MACE after placement of a subsequent BMS in a de novo coronary lesion. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Ferguson, Michael A.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Mitchell, Eric S.] USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Carter, Luther I.; Love, Kathleen M.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Ferguson, MA (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM drmfergus@yahoo.com NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0008-6312 J9 CARDIOLOGY JI Cardiology PY 2010 VL 116 IS 3 BP 190 EP 193 DI 10.1159/000319472 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 635VG UT WOS:000280684500011 PM 20689275 ER PT S AU Munoz-Avila, H Jaidee, U Aha, DW Carter, E AF Munoz-Avila, Hector Jaidee, Ulit Aha, David W. Carter, Elizabeth BE Bichindaritz, I Montani, S TI Goal-Driven Autonomy with Case-Based Reasoning SO CASE-BASED REASONING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CASE-BASED REASONING, ICCBR 2010 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning CY JUL 19-22, 2010 CL Alessandria, ITALY SP Fondazione Cassa Risparmio Torino, Empolis, Italian Assoc Artificial Intelligence, Univ Piemonte Orientale A Avogadro, City Alessandria AB The vast majority of research on AI planning has focused on automated plan recognition, in which a planning agent is provided with a set of inputs that include an initial goal (or set of goals). In this context, the goal is presumed to be static; it never changes, and the agent is not provided with the ability to reason about whether it should change this goal. For some tasks in complex environments, this constraint is problematic; the agent will not be able to respond to opportunities or plan execution failures that would benefit from focusing on a different goal. Goal driven autonomy (GDA) is a reasoning framework that was recently introduced to address this limitation; GDA systems perform anytime reasoning about what goal(s) should be satisfied [4]. Although promising, there are natural roles that case-based reasoning (CBR) can serve in this framework, but no such demonstration exists. In this paper, we describe the GDA framework and describe an algorithm that uses CBR to support it. We also describe an empirical study with a multiagent gaming environment in which this CBR algorithm outperformed a rule-based variant of GDA as well as a non-GDA agent that is limited to dynamic replanning. C1 [Munoz-Avila, Hector; Jaidee, Ulit; Carter, Elizabeth] Lehigh Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Aha, David W.] Naval Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Munoz-Avila, H (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM munoz@cse.lehigh.edu; ulj208@lehigh.edu; david.aha@nrl.navy.mil; eec209@lehigh.edu FU NSF [0642882]; DARPA/IPTO FX This work was sponsored by DARPA/IPTO and NSF (#0642882). Thanks to PMMichael Cox for providing motivation and technical direction. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies, either expressed or implied, of DARPA or the DoD NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-14273-4 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2010 VL 6176 BP 228 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BUF34 UT WOS:000289109000018 ER PT J AU Bevilacqua, R Hall, JS Romano, M AF Bevilacqua, Riccardo Hall, Jason S. Romano, Marcello TI Multiple spacecraft rendezvous maneuvers by differential drag and low thrust engines SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE Multiple spacecraft rendezvous; Differential drag; Optimal control; Autonomous rendezvous ID SATELLITE CLUSTERS AB A novel two-phase hybrid controller is proposed to optimize propellant consumption during multiple spacecraft rendezvous maneuvers in Low Earth Orbit. This controller exploits generated differentials in aerodynamic drag on each involved chaser spacecraft to effect a propellant-free trajectory near to the target spacecraft during the first phase of the maneuver, and then uses a fuel optimal control strategy via continuous low-thrust engines to effect a precision dock during the second phase. In particular, by varying the imparted aerodynamic drag force on each of the chaser spacecraft, relative differential accelerations are generated between each chaser and the target spacecraft along two of the three translational degrees of freedom. In order to generate this required differential, each chaser spacecraft is assumed to include a system of rotating flat panels. Additionally, each chaser spacecraft is assumed to have continuous low-thrust capability along the three translational degrees of freedom and full-axis attitude control. Sample simulations are presented to support the validity and robustness of the proposed hybrid controller to variations in the atmospheric density along with different spacecraft masses and ballistic coefficients. Furthermore, the proposed hybrid controller is validated against a complete nonlinear orbital model to include relative navigation errors typical of carrier-phase differential GPS (CDGPS). Limitations of the proposed controller appear relative to the target spacecraft's orbit eccentricity and a general characterization of the atmospheric density. Bounds on these variables are included to provide a framework within which the proposed hybrid controller can effect an extremely low propellant rendezvous of multiple chaser spacecraft to a desired target spacecraft. C1 [Bevilacqua, Riccardo] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Code MAE RB, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Hall, Jason S.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Code AA JH, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Romano, Marcello] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Code MAE MR, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bevilacqua, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Code MAE RB, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rbevilac@nps.edu; jasonshall@ymail.com; mromano@nps.edu RI Romano, Marcello/C-7972-2013 NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 106 IS 1 BP 69 EP 88 DI 10.1007/s10569-009-9240-3 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA 530CQ UT WOS:000272566900004 ER PT S AU Spanos, G Rowenhorst, DJ Chan, S Olson, GB AF Spanos, G. Rowenhorst, D. J. Chan, S. Olson, G. B. BE Hansen, N Juul Jensen, D Nielsen, SF Poulsen, HF Ralph, B TI 3D CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROSTRUCTURES IN METALLIC SYSTEMS BY SERIAL SECTIONING SO CHALLENGES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND POSSIBILITIES IN 3D AND 4D CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES SE Riso International Symposium on Material Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Riso International Symposium on Materials Science CY SEP 06-10, 2010 CL Roskilde, DENMARK SP Mat Res Div, Civilingenior Frederik Leth Christiansens Almennyttige Fond, Fabrikant Mads Clausens Fond, Knud Hojgaards Fond, Otto Monsteds Fond ID GRAIN-GROWTH; MODEL; DESIGN AB Due to the importance of understanding the true morphology, distribution, and crystallography of materials microstructures in three dimensions, three dimensional (3D) microstructural characterization and analyses in materials science have been rapidly evolving within the last decade or so. This paper highlights some recent research from 3D microstructural investigations in two different metallic materials systems: titanium-based and ferrous-based based alloys. The focus of this paper is to demonstrate the methodology, utility, and importance of current 3D characterization and analysis tools based on serial sectioning techniques, and to show how the details of the experimental and image processing methodologies can differ significantly depending on the material system and microstructural features to be investigated. Additionally, some discussion is provided as to how the 3D experimental data and analyses are integrated into predictive computational methodologies to provide a critical foundation for accurate and efficient Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) approaches to materials and process design. C1 [Spanos, G.; Rowenhorst, D. J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Chan, S.; Olson, G. B.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. RP Spanos, G (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RISO NATL LABORATORY PI ROSKILDE PA POSTBOX 49, DK-4000 ROSKILDE, DENMARK SN 0907-0079 BN 978-87-550-3833-2 J9 RISO MAT SCI PY 2010 BP 159 EP 170 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BE3NM UT WOS:000371003400010 ER PT S AU Bernier, JV Barton, NR Brandes, MC Lienert, U Miller, MP Mills, MJ AF Bernier, J. V. Barton, N. R. Brandes, M. C. Lienert, U. Miller, M. P. Mills, M. J. BE Hansen, N Juul Jensen, D Nielsen, SF Poulsen, HF Ralph, B TI EXPLORING CRYSTAL PLASTICITY VIA FAR-FIELD 3DXRD SO CHALLENGES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND POSSIBILITIES IN 3D AND 4D CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES SE Riso International Symposium on Material Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Riso International Symposium on Materials Science CY SEP 06-10, 2010 CL Roskilde, DENMARK SP Mat Res Div, Civilingenior Frederik Leth Christiansens Almennyttige Fond, Fabrikant Mads Clausens Fond, Knud Hojgaards Fond, Otto Monsteds Fond ID INDIVIDUAL GRAINS; STRAIN TENSOR; SINGLE-GRAIN; MICROSTRUCTURE; POLYCRYSTALS; POWDERS AB A specimen of Ti-7%A1 alloy was subject to tensile deformation in situ at APS 1-ID-C. Within it, a neighborhood containing 20 complete grains was indexed in the annealed state and subsequently tracked at several applied stresses during in situ loading, both preceding and following the macroscopic yield stress. The stress states of each grain were observed to reorient significantly post yield despite the fact that their average remained close to the applied uniaxial stress. To aid in interpreting the experimental results, a virtual realization of the neighborhood was created using a finite element mesh. Each individual grain was represented by similar to 5000 hexahedral elements. Ensemble averaged resolved shear stresses were calculated over the neighborhood from both the experimental and simulated data. Despite the lack of intra-granular resolution in the experiment and with the aid of the simulated data the resolved shear stresses projected on several slip system families are shown to statistically capture the associated critical resolved shear stresses. This important result implies that the far-field 3DXRD method may be applied to the study of specific of slip system activity in embedded neighborhoods of grains subject to thermomechanical processing in situ. C1 [Bernier, J. V.; Barton, N. R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Livermore, CA USA. [Brandes, M. C.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Lienert, U.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Miller, M. P.] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Mills, M. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Bernier, JV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Livermore, CA USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RISO NATL LABORATORY PI ROSKILDE PA POSTBOX 49, DK-4000 ROSKILDE, DENMARK SN 0907-0079 BN 978-87-550-3833-2 J9 RISO MAT SCI PY 2010 BP 251 EP 259 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BE3NM UT WOS:000371003400017 ER PT S AU Lyckegaard, A Alpers, A Ludwig, W Fonda, RW Margulies, L Gotz, A Sorensen, HO Dey, SR Poulsen, HF Lauridsen, EM AF Lyckegaard, A. Alpers, A. Ludwig, W. Fonda, R. W. Margulies, L. Goetz, A. Sorensen, H. O. Dey, S. R. Poulsen, H. F. Lauridsen, E. M. BE Hansen, N Juul Jensen, D Nielsen, SF Poulsen, HF Ralph, B TI 3D GRAIN RECONSTRUCTION FROM BOXSCAN DATA SO CHALLENGES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND POSSIBILITIES IN 3D AND 4D CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES SE Riso International Symposium on Material Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Riso International Symposium on Materials Science CY SEP 06-10, 2010 CL Roskilde, DENMARK SP Mat Res Div, Civilingenior Frederik Leth Christiansens Almennyttige Fond, Fabrikant Mads Clausens Fond, Knud Hojgaards Fond, Otto Monsteds Fond ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CONTRAST TOMOGRAPHY; POLYCRYSTALS; BEAM; MAPS AB A method for reconstructing the 3D shape of a single grain in a polycrystal from far-field diffraction data is presented. The reconstruction is performed using an iterative algorithm, algebraic reconstruction technique (ART), to solve a linear system of equations obtained from data from the Boxscan technique. The Boxscan technique is a 3D X-ray diffraction type scanning technique, which in geometric tomography terms provides 2-dimensional X-rays of the object as data. In this paper, we report on the first experimental 3D grain shape reconstruction based on a beta-titanium sample. By comparing our results to high resolution phase contrast tomography, we find that the average error on the position of the grain boundary in this sample is 2.7 micrometers for a grain radius of 17 micrometers. This result is similar to other current methods. C1 [Lyckegaard, A.; Alpers, A.; Poulsen, H. F.; Lauridsen, E. M.] Riso DTU, Mat Res Div, Ctr Fundamental Res Met Struct Dimens 4, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Ludwig, W.; Goetz, A.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Fonda, R. W.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Margulies, L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Sorensen, H. O.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Chem, DK-21000 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Dey, S. R.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fac Mech Engn, Inst Mat, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. RP Lyckegaard, A (reprint author), Riso DTU, Mat Res Div, Ctr Fundamental Res Met Struct Dimens 4, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RISO NATL LABORATORY PI ROSKILDE PA POSTBOX 49, DK-4000 ROSKILDE, DENMARK SN 0907-0079 BN 978-87-550-3833-2 J9 RISO MAT SCI PY 2010 BP 329 EP 336 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BE3NM UT WOS:000371003400027 ER PT S AU Rowenhorst, DJ Lewis, AC Spanos, G AF Rowenhorst, D. J. Lewis, A. C. Spanos, G. BE Hansen, N Juul Jensen, D Nielsen, SF Poulsen, HF Ralph, B TI THE ANALYSIS OF GRAIN BOUNDARY CURVATURE AND CRYSTALLOGRAPHY OF beta-GRAINS IN TI-21S SO CHALLENGES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND POSSIBILITIES IN 3D AND 4D CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES SE Riso International Symposium on Material Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Riso International Symposium on Materials Science CY SEP 06-10, 2010 CL Roskilde, DENMARK SP Mat Res Div, Civilingenior Frederik Leth Christiansens Almennyttige Fond, Fabrikant Mads Clausens Fond, Knud Hojgaards Fond, Otto Monsteds Fond ID 5 MACROSCOPIC PARAMETERS; MAGNESIA AB In this paper we present the results from the serial-sectioning and 3-D reconstruction of beta-grains in Ti-215, producing a 3-D dataset consisting of 4200 grains. Mechanical polishing was used to remove the material between each section resulting in a section height of 1.5 mu m, with a total of 200 sections. A novel algorithm is developed that accurately reconstructs the grain surfaces which allows for the calculation of the surface normals and interfacial curvature of the grain boundaries. In addition, EBSD scans were collected on every 10th section providing the crystallographic orientation of each grain and the misoreination across the grain boundaries. The grain boundary misorienation combined with the grain boundary normal provides the five macroscopic degrees of freedom needed to characterize the grain boundaries. We show that for low angle grain boundaries, the average curvature of the grain boundary is inversely proportional to the population of the boundary type within the sample. C1 [Rowenhorst, D. J.; Lewis, A. C.; Spanos, G.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Rowenhorst, DJ (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RISO NATL LABORATORY PI ROSKILDE PA POSTBOX 49, DK-4000 ROSKILDE, DENMARK SN 0907-0079 BN 978-87-550-3833-2 J9 RISO MAT SCI PY 2010 BP 413 EP 420 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BE3NM UT WOS:000371003400038 ER PT S AU Furstenberg, R Papantonakis, M Kendziora, CA Bubb, DM Corgan, J McGill, RA AF Furstenberg, Robert Papantonakis, Michael Kendziora, Christopher A. Bubb, Daniel M. Corgan, Jeffrey McGill, R. Andrew BE Fountain III, AW Gardner, PJ TI Laser vaporization of trace explosives for enhanced non-contact detection SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XI CY APR 06-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Explosives detection; trace detection; infrared laser; quantum cascade laser; laser heating; resonant heating; vapor plume; swabbing; ion mobility spectrometry ID AMMONIUM-NITRATE; TEMPERATURE AB Trace explosives contamination is found primarily in the form of solid particulates on surfaces, due to the low vapor pressure of most explosives materials. Today, the standard sampling procedure involves physical removal of particulate matter from surfaces of interest. A variety of collection methods have been used including air-jetting or swabbing surfaces of interest. The sampled particles are typically heated to generate vapor for analysis in hand held, bench top, or portal detection systems. These sampling methods are time-consuming (and hence costly), require a skilled technician for optimal performance, and are inherently non-selective, allowing non-explosives particles to be co-sampled and analyzed. This can adversely affect the sensitivity and selectivity of detectors, especially those with a limited dynamic range. We present a new approach to sampling solid particles on a solid surface that is targeted, non-contact, and which selectively enhances trace explosive signatures thus improving the selectivity and sensitivity of existing detectors. Our method involves the illumination of a surface of interest with infrared laser light with a wavelength that matches a distinctive vibrational mode of an explosive. The resonant coupling of laser energy results in rapid heating of explosive particles and rapid release of a vapor plume. Neighboring particles unrelated to explosives are generally not directly heated as their vibrational modes are not resonant with the laser. As a result, the generated vapor plume includes a higher concentration of explosives than if the particles were heated with a non-selective light source ( e. g. heat lamp). We present results with both benchtop infrared lasers as well as miniature quantum cascade lasers. C1 [Furstenberg, Robert; Papantonakis, Michael; Kendziora, Christopher A.; Bubb, Daniel M.; McGill, R. Andrew] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Papantonakis, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6365,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mikep@nrl.navy.mil RI Papantonakis, Michael/G-3888-2012 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8129-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7665 AR 76650Q DI 10.1117/12.850385 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS35 UT WOS:000285626600020 ER PT S AU Gillis, D Grun, J Bowles, J Lunsford, R Nikitin, S Manka, C AF Gillis, David Grun, Jacob Bowles, Jeffrey Lunsford, Robert Nikitin, Sergei Manka, Charles BE Fountain III, AW Gardner, PJ TI Detection of Chemicals in Mixed, Two-Dimensional Raman Spectra SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XI CY APR 06-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Raman spectroscopy; Target Detection; Mixed Samples AB Recently, researchers at the Naval Research Laboratory have developed the SWORrD system for measuring two-dimensional Raman Spectra. The device consists of a tunable 2d ultraviolet laser that illuminates the sample at various wavelengths (210-300 nm) and collects a single Raman spectrum at each laser wavelength. The single spectra are combined to form a two-dimensional spectrum (laser wavelength by scattered wavenumber). In this paper we introduce a novel method for the detection of known agents ('targets') within measured 2d spectra. Our method is bases on 'linear mixed pixel' techniques from hyperspectral imagery; in particular, we generalize the Adaptive Subspace Detector (ASD) to a form suitable for SWORrD samples. Our detector uses the individual laser runs to define a set of points within wavenumber space; the set of points corresponding to a 2d spectra defines a particular subspace that contains each material. These subspaces are then used with ASD to identify targets. We include experimental results using real-world data to illustrate our results. C1 [Gillis, David; Grun, Jacob; Bowles, Jeffrey] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gillis, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM David.Gillis@nrl.navy.mil RI Nikitin, Sergei/A-7156-2012 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8129-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7665 AR 76651D DI 10.1117/12.850253 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS35 UT WOS:000285626600042 ER PT J AU Biswas, D Deschamps, JR Keefer, LK Hrabie, JA AF Biswas, Debanjan Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Keefer, Larry K. Hrabie, Joseph A. TI Nitrogen-bound diazeniumdiolated amidines SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE DONORS; FUNCTIONAL-GROUP; JS-K; CHEMISTRY; PRODRUGS; ANALOGS; CARBON; IONS AB In contrast to amidines bearing ionizable alpha-CH bonds, which react with nitric oxide (NO) to add diazeniumdiolate groups at their alpha-carbons, benzamidine forms an N-bound diazeniumdiolate that can be further derivatized at the other amidine nitrogen and/or the terminal oxygen to form caged NO compounds as potential NO prodrugs. C1 [Biswas, Debanjan; Keefer, Larry K.] NCI, Chem Sect, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hrabie, Joseph A.] NCI, Basic Sci Program, SAIC Frederick Inc, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Biswas, D (reprint author), NCI, Chem Sect, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM biswasd@mail.nih.gov; hrabiej@mail.nih.gov RI Keefer, Larry/N-3247-2014; OI Keefer, Larry/0000-0001-7489-9555; Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health [HHSN261200800001E]; National Institute on Drug Abuse [Y1-DA6002]; NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research FX This project has been funded with Federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under contract HHSN261200800001E, and by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research. Crystallographic studies were supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse under contract Y1-DA6002. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2010 VL 46 IS 31 BP 5799 EP 5801 DI 10.1039/c0cc00849d PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 633PE UT WOS:000280514500052 PM 20589293 ER PT J AU Guo, Y Tao, GH Zeng, Z Gao, HX Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Guo, Yong Tao, Guo-Hong Zeng, Zhuo Gao, Haixiang Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI Energetic Salts Based on Monoanions of N,N-Bis(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)amine and 5,5 '-Bis(tetrazole) SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE density functional calculations; energetic materials; nitrogen-rich salts; NMR spectroscopy; tetrazoles ID NITROGEN-RICH SALTS; ACCURATE THERMOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; IONIC LIQUIDS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CARBON NITRIDES; COORDINATION POLYMERS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; DENSITY; DERIVATIVES; CHEMISTRY AB High-density energetic salts that contain nitrogen-rich cations and the 5-(tetrazol-5-ylamino)tetrazolate (HBTA(-)) or the 5-(tetrazol-5-yl)tetrazolate (HBT(-)) anion were readily synthesized by the metathesis reactions of sulfate salts with barium compounds, such as bis[5-(tetrazol-5-ylamino)tetrazolate] (Ba(HBTA)(2)), barium iminobis(5-tetrazolate) (BaBTA), or barium 5,5'-bis(tetrazolate) (BaBT) in aqueous solution. All salts were fully characterized by IR spectroscopy, multinuclear ((1)H, (13)C, (15)N) NMR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, density, differential scanning calonmetry (DSC), and impact sensitivity. Ba(HBTA)(2)center dot 4 H(2)O crystallizes in the triclinic space group P(1)(-), as determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, with a density of 2.177 g cm(-3). The densities of the other organic energetic salts range between 1.55 and 1.75 g cm-3 as measured by a gas pycnometer. The detonation pressure (P) values calculated for these salts range from 19.4 to 33.6 GPa, and the detonation velocities (v(D)) range from 7677 to 9487 m s(-1), which make them competitive energetic materials. Solid-state (13)C NMR spectroscopy was used as an effective technique to determine the structure of the products that were obtained from the metathesis reactions of biguanidinium sulfate with barium immobis(5-tetrazolate) (BaBTA). Thus, the structure was determined as an HBTA salt by the comparison of its solid-state (13)C NMR spectroscopy with those of ammonium 5-(tetrazol-5-ylamino)tetrazolate (AHBTA) and diammonium iminobis(5-tetrazolate) (A(2)BTA). C1 [Guo, Yong; Tao, Guo-Hong; Zeng, Zhuo; Gao, Haixiang; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. FU DTRA [HDTRA1-(07-1-0024]; NSF [CHE-0315275]; ONR [N00014-06-1-1032] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of DTRA (HDTRA1-(07-1-0024). NSF (CHE-0315275). and ONR (N00014-06-1-1032) NR 125 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PY 2010 VL 16 IS 12 BP 3753 EP 3762 DI 10.1002/chem.200902951 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 578WM UT WOS:000276327300022 PM 20151439 ER PT J AU He, L Tao, GH Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF He, Ling Tao, Guo-Hong Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI Nitrocyanamide-Based Ionic Liquids and Their Potential Applications as Hypergolic Fuels SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE combustion; explosives chemistry; hypergolic fuels; ionic liquids; thermodynamics ID NITROGEN-RICH SALTS; THEORETICAL-MODELS; PRIMARY EXPLOSIVES; DINITRAMIDE; NITRATE; AZIDOFORMAMIDINIUM; TRANSITION; CATALYSIS; SOLVENTS; SYSTEMS AB Nitrocyanamide ionic liquids with substituted imidazolium, guanidinium, and tetrazolium cations have been synthesized and fully characterized. Aminoguanidinium nitrocvanamide (7) crystallizes in the triclinic system PI. The results obtained from theoretical calculations based on 7 are consistent with the single-crystal structure data. These ionic liquids exhibit desirable physicochemical properties, such as low melting points and good thermal stabilities. Furthermore, they are all impact insensitive materials. Their energetic performances, including heats of formation, detonation pressures, and detonation velocities, were studied by a combination of theoretical and empirical calculations. The ionic liquids 1-4 have large liquid ranges and low viscosities. They were shown to be promising candidates as hypergolic ionic liquids through the combustion tests with 100% HNO(3). C1 [He, Ling; Tao, Guo-Hong; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu FU DTRA [HDTRA1-07-1-0024]; NSF; ONR [N00014-06-1-1032]; [CHE0315275] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of DTRA (HDTRA1-07-1-0024), NSF (CHE0315275), and ONR (N00014-06-1-1032). NR 77 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 5 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PY 2010 VL 16 IS 19 BP 5736 EP 5743 DI 10.1002/chem.200902651 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 605LS UT WOS:000278349700027 PM 20391567 ER PT J AU Zhang, YQ Guo, Y Joo, YH Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Zhang, Yanqiang Guo, Yong Joo, Young-Hyuk Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI 3,4,5-Trinitropyrazole-Based Energetic Salts SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE detonation performance; energetic salts; heterocycles; polynitro compounds; structure-property relationships ID NITROGEN-RICH SALTS; IONIC LIQUIDS; N-NITROPYRAZOLES; DETONATIONS; CHEMISTRY; 5-NITROTETRAZOLATE; 1,2,4-TRIAZOLIUM; REARRANGEMENT; NITROFORMATE; EXPLOSIVES AB High-density energetic salts that are comprised of nitrogen-rich cations and the 3,4,5-trinitropyrazolate anion were synthesized in high yield by neutralization or metathesis reactions. The resulting salts were fully characterized by (1)H, (13)C NMR, and IR spectroscopy; differential scanning calorimetry; and elemental analysis. Additionally, the structures of the 3,5-diaminotriazolium and triaminoguanidinium 3,4,5-trinitropyrazolates were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Based on the measured densities and calculated heats of formation, the detonation performances (pressure: 23.74-31.89 GPa; velocity: 7586-8543 ms(-1); Cheetah 5.0) of the 3,4,5-trinitropyrazolate salts are comparable with 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB; 31.15 GPa and 8114 ms(-1)). Impact sensitivities were determined to be no less than 35 J by hammer tests, which places these salts in the insensitive class. C1 [Zhang, Yanqiang; Guo, Yong; Joo, Young-Hyuk; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu OI zhang, yan qiang/0000-0001-5577-0529 FU DTRA [HDTRA1-07-1-0024]; ONR [N00014-10-1-0097] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of DTRA (HDTRA1-07-1-0024), and ONR (N00014-10-1-0097). NR 72 TC 94 Z9 103 U1 3 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PY 2010 VL 16 IS 35 BP 10778 EP 10784 DI 10.1002/chem.201001243 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 663ST UT WOS:000282910900025 PM 20661962 ER PT J AU Cantwell, MG Wilson, BA Zhu, J Wallace, GT King, JW Olsen, CR Burgess, RM Smith, JP AF Cantwell, Mark G. Wilson, Brittan A. Zhu, Jun Wallace, Gordon T. King, John W. Olsen, Curtis R. Burgess, Robert M. Smith, Joseph P. TI Temporal trends of triclosan contamination in dated sediment cores from four urbanized estuaries: Evidence of preservation and accumulation SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Antimicrobial; Triclosan; Personal care products; Emerging contaminant ID WATER TREATMENT PLANTS; WASTE-WATER; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; HUDSON RIVER; TRICLOCARBAN AB Triclosan is an antimicrobial agent added to a wide array of consumer goods and personal care products. Through its use, it is introduced into municipal sewer systems where it is only partially removed during wastewater treatment. In this study, triclosan was measured in dated sediment cores from four urbanized estuaries in order to reconstruct temporal and spatial trends of accumulation. Measurable concentrations of triclosan first appeared in each of the sediment cores near 1964, which corresponds with the US patent issuance date of triclosan. The presence of triclosan at each of the study sites at or near the patent date indicates that long-term preservation is occurring in estuarine sediments. Temporal trends of triclosan at each location are unique, reflecting between site variability. Concentrations at one site climbed to as high as 400 ng g(-1), due in part. to local commercial production of triclosan. At two locations, levels of triclosan rise towards the surface of each core, suggesting increasing usage in recent years. One location adjacent to a major combined sewer overflow had high sediment concentrations of triclosan, confirming their potential as a source of triclosan to estuaries. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cantwell, Mark G.; Burgess, Robert M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Effects Environm Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Wilson, Brittan A.] Texas A&M Int Univ, Dept Biol & Chem, Laredo, TX 78041 USA. [Zhu, Jun; Wallace, Gordon T.; Olsen, Curtis R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Earth & Ocean Sci, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [King, John W.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Smith, Joseph P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cantwell, MG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Effects Environm Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM cantwell.mark@epa.gov NR 20 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2010 VL 78 IS 4 BP 347 EP 352 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.11.021 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 550CL UT WOS:000274105700001 PM 20006371 ER PT J AU Baqar, S Tribble, DR Carmolli, M Sadigh, K Poly, F Porter, C Larsson, CJ Pierce, KK Guerry, P Darsley, M Kirkpatrick, B AF Baqar, Shahida Tribble, David R. Carmolli, Marya Sadigh, Katrin Poly, Frederic Porter, Chad Larsson, Catherine J. Pierce, Kristen K. Guerry, Patricia Darsley, Michael Kirkpatrick, Beth CA Campylobacter Study Team TI Recrudescent Campylobacter jejuni Infection in an Immunocompetent Adult following Experimental Infection with a Well-Characterized Organism SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; ENTERITIS; CHILDREN; DIARRHEA; EXERCISE; CIPROFLOXACIN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; IMMUNOLOGY; IMMUNITY AB The recrudescence of infection with Campylobacter jejuni after appropriate antibiotic treatment has not been previously reported in an immunocompetent adult. We present the complete clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic evaluation of a closely monitored healthy male with recrudescent C. jejuni infection occurring in the absence of immunodeficiency following experimental infection with a well-characterized strain. After antibiotic treatment, the initial infection was clinically cleared and microbiologically undetectable. Subsequently, two episodes of recrudescence occurred, with no change in in vitro antibiotic sensitivity being detected. The immune responses of the individual were compared to those of other participants in the experimental infection study: innate immune responses, including fecal cytokines and C-reactive protein, were intact; however, measures of Campylobacter-specific adaptive immune responses were absent, including serum antibodies, antibody-secreting cells, and in vitro gamma interferon responses. No primary or secondary immunodeficiency was identified. Recrudescent Campylobacter infections after treatment may be more common than has previously been appreciated. This work adds to our understanding of the human immune response to natural Campylobacter infection and reiterates the importance of pathogen-specific adaptive immune responses to this globally important pathogen. C1 [Carmolli, Marya; Sadigh, Katrin; Larsson, Catherine J.; Pierce, Kristen K.; Kirkpatrick, Beth] Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Infect Dis Unit, Vaccine Testing Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Baqar, Shahida; Tribble, David R.; Poly, Frederic; Porter, Chad; Guerry, Patricia] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Baqar, Shahida; Tribble, David R.; Campylobacter Study Team] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Darsley, Michael] ACE Biosci, Hillerod, Denmark. RP Kirkpatrick, B (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Infect Dis Unit, Vaccine Testing Ctr, 110 Stafford Hall,95 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM beth.kirkpatrick@uvm.edu RI Guerry, Patricia/A-8024-2011 FU NIH [MO1 RR000109]; U. S. Navy Research and Development Command Work Unit [RAD1. DA3. A0308] FX The University of Vermont General Clinical Research Center received NIH award MO1 RR000109. Support was also provided by the Naval Medical Research Center and ACE Biosciences. The laboratory immunologic and molecular biology studies were supported by U. S. Navy Research and Development Command Work Unit 6000. RAD1. DA3. A0308. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 17 IS 1 BP 80 EP 86 DI 10.1128/CVI.00252-09 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 539ED UT WOS:000273235500009 PM 19923572 ER PT J AU Kellogg, M Hollis, M Gauthier, C O'Brien, T AF Kellogg, Mark Hollis, Mark Gauthier, Cheryl O'Brien, Tom TI Detection of Biological Agents Used for Terrorism: Are We Ready? SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kellogg, Mark] Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Kellogg, Mark] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Frederick, MD USA. [Hollis, Mark] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. [Gauthier, Cheryl] MIT, Dept Publ Hlth, Bioterrorism Response Lab, Boston, MA USA. [O'Brien, Tom] Tetracore Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [O'Brien, Tom] USN, Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Immunol, Biol Def Res Programg, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Kellogg, M (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. OI Kellogg, Mark/0000-0003-1868-2153 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 56 IS 1 BP 10 EP 15 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2009.139493 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 542BM UT WOS:000273466300004 PM 19926772 ER PT J AU Sharif, MO Fedorowicz, Z Drews, P Nasser, M Dorri, M Newton, T Oliver, R AF Sharif, Mohammad O. Fedorowicz, Zbys Drews, Peter Nasser, Mona Dorri, Mojtaba Newton, Tim Oliver, Richard TI Interventions for the treatment of fractures of the mandibular condyle SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID CLOSED TREATMENT; SUBCONDYLAR FRACTURES; NONSURGICAL TREATMENT; OPEN REDUCTION; MULTICENTER; METAANALYSIS; FIXATION AB Background Fractures of the condylar process account for between 25% and 35% of all mandibular fractures. Treatment options for fractures of the condyles consist of either the closed method or by open reduction with fixation. Complications may be associated with either treatment option; for the closed approach these can include malocclusion, particularly open bites, reduced posterior facial height and facial asymmetry in addition to chronic pain and reduced mobility. A cutaneous scar and temporary paralysis of the facial nerve are not infrequent complications associated with the open approach. There is a lack of consensus currently surrounding the indications for either surgical or non-surgical treatment of fractures of the mandibular condyle. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions that can be used in the treatment of fractures of the mandibular condyle. Search strategy The databases searched were: the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register (to 12th March 2010), CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2010, Issue 2), MEDLINE (from 1950 to 12th March 2010), and EMBASE (from 1980 to 12th March 2010). The reference lists of all trials identified were cross checked for additional trials. Authors were contacted by electronic mail to ask for details of additional published and unpublished trials. There were no language restrictions and several articles were translated. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) which included adults, over 18 years of age, with unilateral or bilateral fractures of the mandibular condyles. Any form of open or closed method of reduction and fixation was considered. Data collection and analysis Review authors screened trials for inclusion. Extracted data were to be synthesised using the fixed-effect model but if substantial clinical diversity was identified between the studies we planned to use the random-effects model with studies grouped by action and we would explore the heterogeneity between the included studies. Mean differences were to be calculated for continuous outcomes and risk ratios for dichotomous outcomes together with their 95% confidence intervals. Main results No high quality evidence matching the inclusion criteria was identified. Authors' conclusions No high quality evidence is available in relation to this review question and no conclusions could be reached about the effectiveness or otherwise of the two interventions considered in this review. A need for further well designed randomised controlled trials exists. The trialists should account for all losses to follow-up and assess patient related outcomes. They should also report the direct and indirect costs associated with the interventions. C1 [Oliver, Richard] Univ Manchester, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Sch Dent, Manchester M15 6FH, Lancs, England. [Fedorowicz, Zbys] Minist Hlth, Bahrain Branch, UKCC, Awali, Bahrain. [Sharif, Mohammad O.] Univ Manchester, Sch Dent, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Drews, Peter] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Dent, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Nasser, Mona] Inst Qual & Efficiency Hlth Care, Dept Hlth Informat, Cologne, Germany. [Dorri, Mojtaba] UCL, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London W1N 8AA, England. [Newton, Tim] KCL Dent Inst, Div Hlth & Social Care Res, London, England. RP Oliver, R (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Sch Dent, Higher Cambridge St, Manchester M15 6FH, Lancs, England. EM richard.j.oliver@manchester.ac.uk RI Fedorowicz, Zbys/C-6659-2008; Nasser, Mona/J-3601-2013 NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1469-493X J9 COCHRANE DB SYST REV JI Cochrane Database Syst Rev. PY 2010 IS 4 AR CD006538 DI 10.1002/14651858.CD006538.pub2 PG 16 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 583OC UT WOS:000276686300012 PM 20393948 ER PT S AU Delehanty, JB Bradburne, CE Boeneman, KE Medintz, IL Farrell, D Pons, T Mei, BC Blanco-Canosa, JB Dawson, PE Mattoussi, H AF Delehanty, James B. Bradburne, Christopher E. Boeneman, Kelly E. Medintz, Igor L. Farrell, Dorothy Pons, Thomas Mei, Bing C. Blanco-Canosa, Juan B. Dawson, Philip E. Mattoussi, Hedi BE Osinski, M Parak, WJ Jovin, TM Yamamoto, K TI Delivery of Quantum Dot Bioconjugates to the Cellular Cytosol: Release from the endolysosomal system SO COLLOIDAL QUANTUM DOTS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Colloidal Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications V CY JAN 23-25, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Ocean Opt Inc DE nanoassemblies; cell-penetrating peptide; cationic liposomes; polymer; quantum dots; endocytosis ID TAT-FUSION PROTEINS; IN-VIVO; INTRACELLULAR DELIVERY; LIVE CELLS; MACROPINOCYTOSIS AB To realize their full potential as intracellular imaging and sensing reagents, robust and efficient methods for the targeted cellular delivery of luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) must be developed. We have previously shown that QDs decorated with histidine-terminated polyarginine cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) are rapidly and specifically internalized via endocytosis by several mammalian cell lines with no cytotoxicity. Here we demonstrate the long-term intracellular stability and fate of these QD-peptide conjugates. We found that the QD-peptide conjugates remain sequestered within endolysosomal vesicles for up to three days after delivery. However, the CPP appeared to remain stably associated with the QD within these acidic vesicles over this time period. Hence, we explored a number of techniques to either actively deliver QDs directly to the cytosol or to facilitate the endosomal release of endocytosed QDs to the cytosol. Active methods (e. g., electroporation) delivered only modest amounts of QDs to the cytosol that appeared to form aggregates. Delivery of QDs using polymer-based transfection reagents resulted primarily in the endosomal sequestration of the QDs, although one commercial polymer tested delivered QDs to the cytosol but only after several days in culture and with a considerable degree of polymer-induced toxicity. Finally, a modular, amphiphilic peptide containing functionalities designed for cell penetration and vesicular membrane interaction demonstrated the ability to deliver QDs in a well-dispersed manner to the cytosol. This peptide mediated rapid QD uptake followed by a slower efficient endosomal release of the QDs to the cytosol that peaked at 48 hours post-delivery. Importantly, this QD-peptide conjugate elicited minimal cytotoxicity in two cell lines tested. A more detailed understanding of the mechanism of the peptide's uptake and endosomal escape attributes will lead to the design of further QD conjugates for targeted imaging and sensing applications. C1 [Delehanty, James B.; Bradburne, Christopher E.; Boeneman, Kelly E.; Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Delehanty, JB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Gemmill, Kelly/G-2167-2012; Pons, Thomas/A-8667-2008; Parak, Wolfgang J./M-3998-2014 OI Pons, Thomas/0000-0001-8800-4302; Parak, Wolfgang J./0000-0003-1672-6650 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7971-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7575 AR 75750S DI 10.1117/12.842434 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BSS17 UT WOS:000285581700016 ER PT S AU Escobar, S Meadows, C Meseguer, J Santiago, S AF Escobar, Santiago Meadows, Catherine Meseguer, Jose Santiago, Sonia BE Gritzalis, D Preneel, B Theoharidou, M TI Sequential Protocol Composition in Maude-NPA SO COMPUTER SECURITY-ESORICS 2010 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security CY SEP 20-22, 2010 CL Athens, GREECE SP Vodafone SA AB Protocols do not work alone, but together, one protocol relying on another to provide needed services. Many of the problems in cryptographic protocols arise when such composition is done incorrectly or is not well understood. In this paper we discuss an extension to the Maude-NPA syntax and operational semantics to support dynamic sequential composition of protocols, so that protocols can be specified separately and composed when desired. This allows one to reason about many different compositions with minimal changes to the specification. Moreover, we show that, by a simple protocol transformation, we are able to analyze and verify this dynamic composition in the current Maude-NPA tool. We prove soundness and completeness of the protocol transformation with respect to the extended operational semantics, and illustrate our results on some examples. C1 [Escobar, Santiago; Santiago, Sonia] Univ Politecn Valencia, DSIC ELP, Valencia, Spain. [Meadows, Catherine] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Meseguer, Jose] Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL USA. RP Escobar, S (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, DSIC ELP, Valencia, Spain. EM sescobar@dsic.upv.es; meadows@itd.nrl.navy.mil; meseguer@cs.uiuc.edu; ssantiago@dsic.upv.es RI Escobar, Santiago/C-9589-2012 OI Escobar, Santiago/0000-0002-3550-4781 FU EU; Spanish MEC/MICINN [TIN 2007-68093-C02-02]; NSF [CNS 07-16638, CNS 09-04749] FX S. Escobar and S. Santiago have been partially supported by the EU (FEDER) and the Spanish MEC/MICINN under grant TIN 2007-68093-C02-02. J. Meseguer has been supported by NSF Grants CNS 07-16638 and CNS 09-04749. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-15496-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6345 BP 303 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BSZ32 UT WOS:000286151000019 ER PT J AU Li, SG Cheng, LZ Neta, B AF Li, S. G. Cheng, L. Z. Neta, B. TI Some fourth-order nonlinear solvers with closed formulae for multiple roots SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Newton's method; Multiple roots; Nonlinear equations; Iterative methods; Root finding ID EQUATIONS; FAMILY AB In this paper, we present six new fourth-order methods with closed formulae for finding multiple roots of nonlinear equations. The first four of them require one-function and three-derivative evaluation per iteration. The last two require one-function and two-derivative evaluation per iteration. Several numerical examples are given to show the performance of the presented methods compared with some known methods. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Li, S. G.; Cheng, L. Z.; Neta, B.] Natl Univ Def Technol, Sch Sci, Changsha 410073, Hunan, Peoples R China. RP Neta, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM lsg_998@yahoo.com.cn; bneta@nps.edu RI Neta, Beny/B-1737-2009 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [60573027, 60621003] FX The second author's work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60573027 and 60621003). NR 15 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 59 IS 1 BP 126 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.camwa.2009.08.066 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 548XW UT WOS:000274004500014 ER PT J AU Jangveladze, T Kiguradze, Z Neta, B AF Jangveladze, Temur Kiguradze, Zurab Neta, Beny TI Large time asymptotic and numerical solution of a nonlinear diffusion model with memory SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE System of nonlinear integro-differential equations; Large time behavior; Finite difference scheme ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; SUBSTANCE; SYSTEM AB Large time behavior of solutions and finite difference approximation of a nonlinear system of integro-differential equations associated with the penetration of a magnetic field into a substance is studied. Two initial-boundary value problems are investigated: the first with homogeneous conditions on whole boundary and the second with nonhomogeneous boundary data on one side of lateral boundary. The rates of convergence are also given. Mathematical results presented show that there is a difference between stabilization rates of solutions with homogeneous and nonhomogeneous boundary conditions. The convergence of the corresponding finite difference scheme is also proved. The decay of the numerical solution is compared with the analytical results. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Neta, Beny] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Jangveladze, Temur; Kiguradze, Zurab] Ilia Chavchavadze State Univ, GE-0179 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Jangveladze, Temur; Kiguradze, Zurab] Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State Univ, GE-0186 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. RP Neta, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM byneta@gmail.com RI Neta, Beny/B-1737-2009 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 59 IS 1 BP 254 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.camwa.2009.07.052 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 548XW UT WOS:000274004500027 ER PT B AU Jordan, PM Norton, GV Chin-Bing, SA Warn-Varnas, A AF Jordan, P. M. Norton, G. V. Chin-Bing, S. A. Warn-Varnas, A. BE Sohrab, SH Catrakis, HJ Kobasko, N TI On the Propagation of Finite-Amplitude Acoustic Waves in Mono-Relaxing Media SO CONTINUUM MECHANICS, FLUIDS, HEAT SE WSEAS Mechanical Engineering Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IASME/WSEAS International Conference on Continuum Mechanics/7th WSEAS International Conference on Fluid Mechanics/7th WSEAS International Conference on Heat and Mass Transfer CY FEB 23-25, 2010 CL Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, ENGLAND HO Univ Cambridge DE Nonlinear acoustics; Abel's equation; Lambert W-function; kinematic-wave theory AB The propagation of finite-amplitude acoustic traveling waves in a class of mono-relaxing media is considered. The resulting associated ordinary differential equation (ODE), which is of the Abel type, is analyzed and exact, approximate, and asymptotic solutions are derived. In addition, numerical simulations are presented, special cases are discussed, and connections to other fields are noted. The analysis carried out here also serves to highlight some of the many applications of Abel's equation and the Lambert W-function, a relatively recent addition to the family of special functions, in the physical sciences. C1 [Jordan, P. M.; Norton, G. V.; Chin-Bing, S. A.; Warn-Varnas, A.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Code 7180, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Code 7180, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING ACAD AND SOC PI ATHENS PA AG LOANNOU THEOLOGOU 17-23, 15773 ZOGRAPHOU, ATHENS, GREECE BN 978-960-474-158-8 J9 WSEAS MECH ENG SER PY 2010 BP 67 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA BOK33 UT WOS:000276890300008 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Ray, RI Little, BJ AF Lee, J. S. Ray, R. I. Little, B. J. TI Technical Note: Influence of Experimental Conditions on the Outcome of Laboratory Investigations Using Natural Coastal Seawaters SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE carbon steel; marine corrosion; seawater; sulfate-reducing bacteria ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; MILD-STEEL; CORROSION AB Methods for handling and storing natural coastal seawater, particularly methods for deaeration over time, influenced the chemistry and microflora. Bubbling nitrogen into natural seawater to achieve an anaerobic condition was not conducive to the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Despite a holier initial dissolved sulfate concentration and higher total organic carbon in Persian Gulf seawater, higher dissolved sulfide concentrations and SRB populations were measured in Key West. Florida, seawater under all exposure conditions. C1 [Lee, J. S.; Ray, R. I.; Little, B. J.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7332, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jason.lee@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [0601153N] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research Program element 0601153N (6.1 Research Program). NRL Publication number NRL/JA/7330-09-9297. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ASSOC CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD JAN PY 2010 VL 66 IS 1 AR 015001 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 544ZC UT WOS:000273699400002 ER PT S AU Policastro, SA Martin, FJ Rayne, RJ Auyeung, RCY Pique, A Lewis, A Geltmacher, A Natishan, PM AF Policastro, S. A. Martin, F. J. Rayne, R. J. Auyeung, R. C. Y. Pique, A. Lewis, A. Geltmacher, A. Natishan, P. M. BE Hansen, DC Missert, N Inman, M Garfias, LF Lillard, RS TI Isolating the Electrochemical Behavior of the Austenite and Ferrite Phases in a Duplex Stainless Steel SO CORROSION (GENERAL) - 216TH ECS MEETING SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Corrosion General Session held during the 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Corros Div ID LOCALIZED CORROSION AB An experimental technique for making electrochemical measurements on isolated individual phase regions of known crystalline orientation in a duplex stainless steel is demonstrated. An ultraviolet-sensitive photoresist is used to mask the excluded portions of the sample and a 355 nm laser exposes only portions of the ferrite matrix or cross-sections of austenite dendrites. Initial impedance measurements indicate a relatively low solution resistance in seawater and the polarization scans of the ferrite and austenite phases were consistent with bulk polarization measurements. C1 [Policastro, S. A.] US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Martin, F. J.; Natishan, P. M.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Corros Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rayne, R. J.; Lewis, A.; Geltmacher, A.] Naval Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Auyeung, R. C. Y.; Pique, A.] Naval Res Lab, Mat & Sensors Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Policastro, SA (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-811-4 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 25 IS 37 BP 133 EP 153 DI 10.1149/1.3407554 PG 21 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BC6TN UT WOS:000354479500012 ER PT S AU Froes, FH Imam, MA AF Froes, F. H. (Sam) Imam, M. Ashraf BE Imam, MA Froes, FH Dring, KF TI Cost Affordable Developments in Titanium Technology and Applications SO COST-AFFORDABLE TITANIUM III SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Cost Affordable Titanium III held at the 2010 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 14-18, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc (TMS) AB Titanium is the "wonder" metal, which makes sense as the material of choice for a wide variety of applications. However, because of its relatively high price- a result of extraction and processing costs- it is used basically only when it is the only choice; with the caveat that titanium has a bright "image" which can lead to use even when the economics are unfavorable. The major thrust in the area of titanium technology has been aimed at achieving cost reduction rather than developing alloys with enhanced properties. This paper will overview the potential areas which are amenable to cost reduction and present some applications of titanium and it's alloys. C1 [Froes, F. H. (Sam)] Univ Idaho, Inst Mat & Adv Proc, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Imam, M. Ashraf] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Froes, FH (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Inst Mat & Adv Proc, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2010 VL 436 BP 1 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.436.1 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BPZ22 UT WOS:000280416600001 ER PT S AU Bruce, RW Fliflet, AW Huey, HE Stephenson, C Imam, MA AF Bruce, Ralph W. Fliflet, Arne W. Huey, Hugo E. Stephenson, Chad Imam, M. Ashraf BE Imam, MA Froes, FH Dring, KF TI Microwave Sintering and Melting of Titanium Powder for Low-Cost Processing SO COST-AFFORDABLE TITANIUM III SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Cost Affordable Titanium III held at the 2010 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 14-18, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc (TMS) DE Titanium powder melting; Microwave melting; Microwave Sintering; Microwave materials processing AB The emerging reduction technologies for titanium from ore produce powder instead of sponge. Conventional methods for sintering and melting of titanium powder are costly, as they are energy intensive and require high vacuum, 10(-6) Torr or better, since titanium acts as a getter for oxygen at high temperature, adversely affecting mechanical properties. Other melting processes such as plasma arcs have the additional problem of electrode consumption, and direct induction heating of the titanium powder is problematic. Microwave sintering or melting in an atmospheric pressure argon gas environment is potentially cost effective and energy efficient due to the possibility of direct microwave heating of the titanium powder augmented by hybrid heating in a ceramic casket. We are investigating this approach at the Naval Research Laboratory using an S Band microwave system. The experimental setup and the results of melting and sintering experiments will be described including a rough estimate of energy usage. C1 [Bruce, Ralph W.] Bethel Coll, 1001 Bethel Circle, Mishawaka, IN 46545 USA. [Huey, Hugo E.] HWave LLC, Cupertino, CA 95014 USA. [Stephenson, Chad] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Fliflet, Arne W.; Imam, M. Ashraf] Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bruce, RW (reprint author), Bethel Coll, 1001 Bethel Circle, Mishawaka, IN 46545 USA. EM ralph.bruce@bethelcolle.edu; arne.fliflet@nrl.navy.mil; hhuey7893@sbcglobal.net; cstephe3@nd.edu; ashraf.imam@nrl.navy.mil RI Stephenson, Chad/O-6123-2014 OI Stephenson, Chad/0000-0002-3766-5247 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 10 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2010 VL 436 BP 131 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.436.131 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BPZ22 UT WOS:000280416600014 ER PT B AU Rowe, NC Houde, JP Kolsch, MN Darken, CJ Heine, ER Sadagic, A Basu, C Han, F AF Rowe, Neil C. Houde, Jeff P. Kolsch, Mathias N. Darken, Christian J. Heine, Eric R. Sadagic, Amela Basu, Chumki Han, Feng BE Cordeiro, J Shishkov, B Verbraeck, A Helfert, M TI AUTOMATED ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL-MOTION TASKS FOR MILITARY INTEGRATIVE TRAINING SO CSEDU 2010: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER SUPPORTED EDUCATION, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Computer Supported Education CY APR 07-10, 2010 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP Inst Syst & Technol Informat Control & Commun, IEEE Educ Soc, Spanish Chapter, Inst Elect & Elect Engn, Interdisciplinary Inst Collabor & Res Enterprise Syst & Technol DE Training; Military; Tracking; Motion; Performance; Assessment; Behavior Analysis; Image Processing; Global Positioning System AB We describe the performance assessment component of the BASE-IT system, a real-time monitoring system of performance of U.S. Marines during training exercises for urban warfare. This automated component measures how well Marines are following procedures and staying safe, by tracking where they are and where they are looking. Such monitoring of physical motion is a relatively new application of computer technology with implications for instruction in physical education, choreography, and police work. C1 [Rowe, Neil C.; Houde, Jeff P.; Kolsch, Mathias N.; Darken, Christian J.; Heine, Eric R.; Sadagic, Amela] US Naval Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Basu, Chumki; Han, Feng] Sarnoff Corp, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Rowe, NC (reprint author), US Naval Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ncrowe@nps.edu; jphoude@nps.edu; mnkolsch@nps.edu; cjdarken@nps.edu; erheine@nps.edu; asadagic@nps.edu; chasu@sarnoff.com; fhan@sarnoff.com FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This work was sponsored by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. Opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the U.S. Government. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU INSTICC-INST SYST TECHNOLOGIES INFORMATION CONTROL & COMMUNICATION PI SETUBAL PA AVENIDA D MANUEL L, 27A 2 ESQUERDO, SETUBAL, 2910-595, PORTUGAL BN 978-989-674-023-8 PY 2010 BP 190 EP 195 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education & Educational Research SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BG8MU UT WOS:000392459100030 ER PT J AU Bolton, JG Galeckas, KJ Satter, EK AF Bolton, Joanna G. Galeckas, Kenneth J. Satter, Elizabeth K. TI Inoculation Bartonellosis in an Adult: A Case Report SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; FEATURES; ROCHALIMAEA; INFECTIONS; SPECTRUM; HENSELAE; AGENT AB Cat-scratch disease (CSD) and bacillary angiomatosis (BA) are caused by a gram-negative bacilli classified under the genus Bartonella (formerly Rochalimaea). Patient history, symptoms, and histopathology often fall along a continuum; therefore, both conditions should be considered in the differential diagnosis. We report a case of an 83-year-old immunocompetent woman who presented with a pyogenic granuloma-like lesion on her dorsal left wrist. The histologic differential diagnosis included an inoculation site from a cat scratch infected with Bartonella and BA. Because the patient had only 1 lesion at the site of a prior cat scratch, the lesion was diagnosed as inoculation bartonellosis. We also review the epidemiologic, clinical, and histopathologic features of CSD and BA. Cutis. 2010;85:37-42 C1 [Bolton, Joanna G.] Marine Corps Air Stn Miramar, Branch Med Clin, San Diego, CA USA. [Galeckas, Kenneth J.; Satter, Elizabeth K.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92145 USA. RP Bolton, JG (reprint author), USN, Branch Med Clin Miramar, POB 452002, San Diego, CA 92145 USA. EM joanna.bolton@med.navy.mil NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI PARSIPPANY PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, PARSIPPANY, NJ 07054-4603 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JAN PY 2010 VL 85 IS 1 BP 37 EP 42 PG 6 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 548KQ UT WOS:000273961700007 PM 20184210 ER PT S AU Dermer, CD AF Dermer, Charles D. CA Fermi Collaboration BE Kawai, N Nagataki, S TI First Light on GRBs with Fermi SO DECIPHERING THE ANCIENT UNIVERSE WITH GAMMA-RAY BURSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium Deciphering the Ancient Universe with Gamma-Ray Bursts CY APR 19-23, 2010 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Minist Educ Culture Sports Sci & Technol, Japan Soc Promotion Sci, Kyoto Univ DE gamma ray bursts; Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope; ultra-high energy cosmic rays ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; SYNCHROTRON SHOCK MODEL; HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; COSMIC-RAYS; SPECTRAL COMPONENT; SPACE-TELESCOPE; LONG-DURATION; GEV EMISSION; LUMINOSITY AB Fermi LAT (Large Area Telescope) and GBM (Gamma ray Burst Monitor) observations of GRBs are briefly reviewed, keeping in mind EGRET expectations. Using gamma gamma constraints on outflow Lorentz factors, leptonic models are pitted against hadronic models, and found to be energetically favored. Interpretation of the Fermi data on GRBs helps establish whether GRBs accelerate cosmic rays, including those reaching approximate to 10(20) eV. C1 [Dermer, Charles D.; Fermi Collaboration] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0829-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1279 BP 191 EP 199 DI 10.1063/1.3509261 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Mathematical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BTJ80 UT WOS:000287125000034 ER PT J AU Pema, E Mehay, S AF Pema, Elda Mehay, Stephen TI THE IMPACT OF THE HIGH SCHOOL JUNIOR ROTC PROGRAM: DOES TREATMENT TIMING AND INTENSITY MATTER? SO DEFENCE AND PEACE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE JROTC; High school achievement; At-risk youth; Enlistments ID EDUCATION AB The Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps is a high school program that combines classroom teaching with extracurricular activities. The program is located primarily in inner city schools and serves at-risk students. Its goals are multidimensional and include military preparation and improving academic achievement. Using High School and Beyond data we find that the program's effects depend on the timing and intensity of involvement. Test scores, graduation rates, and enlistments are higher for students who participate early in high school and for those who persist in the program. Conversely, we find few effects for students participating in the last two years of high school. C1 [Pema, Elda; Mehay, Stephen] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pema, E (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM epema@nps.edu NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1024-2694 J9 DEFENCE PEACE ECON JI Def. Peace Econ. PY 2010 VL 21 IS 3 BP 229 EP 247 DI 10.1080/10242690903105554 PG 19 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 596ZB UT WOS:000277723500002 ER PT S AU Cobb, JT Slatton, KC Principe, J AF Cobb, J. Tory Slatton, K. Clint Principe, Jose BE Harmon, RS Holloway, KH Broach, JT TI A Method to Simulate Synthetic Aperture Sonar Images with Parameterized Autocorrelation Functions SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XV CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Synthetic Aperture Sonar; K-Distribution; Parameter Estimation; Autocorrelation Function ID K-DISTRIBUTED CLUTTER AB An approach to simulate synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) images with known autocorrelation functions (ACF) and single-point statistics is presented. ACF models for generating textures with and without periodicities are defined and explained. Simulated textures of these models are compared visually with real SAS image textures. Distortion and degradation of the synthetic textures are examined for various simulation parameter choices. C1 [Cobb, J. Tory] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL USA. RP Cobb, JT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8128-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7664 AR 76640Y DI 10.1117/12.851110 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSR48 UT WOS:000285543100027 ER PT S AU Dobeck, GJ AF Dobeck, Gerald J. BE Harmon, RS Holloway, KH Broach, JT TI Adaptive large-scale clutter removal from imagery with application to high-resolution sonar imagery SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XV CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE denoising; sonar; SAR; detection; classification; computer-aided detection; automatic target recognition; ATR AB The ability to reliably detect targets having signatures comprised of bright pixels (highlight) and dark pixels (shadow) is challenging when the background texture of the imagery also possesses bright and dark characteristics. This is especially difficult when the background contains large bright and dark areas that can mask target signatures. Detection and classification algorithms would benefit from an adaptive denoising algorithm that would remove or mitigate such background artifacts. This paper presents a Fourier-based denoising algorithm. The large support of the Fourier basis is used to capture and remove large-scale artifacts while leaving the smaller target-size features nearly unchanged. Data-driven soft thresholds allow the algorithm to automatically adapt to changing backgrounds. Preliminary investigations have demonstrated excellent performance. The algorithm is computationally fast and suitable for real-time application. The denoising algorithm is general in nature and can be applied to many types of high-resolution gray-scale imagery; e. g., side-looking sonar and SAR. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Dobeck, GJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8128-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7664 AR 76640X DI 10.1117/12.851037 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSR48 UT WOS:000285543100026 ER PT S AU Kendziora, CA Furstenberg, R Papantonakis, M Nguyen, V Stepnowski, J McGill, RA AF Kendziora, Christopher A. Furstenberg, Robert Papantonakis, Michael Nguyen, Viet Stepnowski, Jennifer McGill, R. Andrew BE Harmon, RS Holloway, KH Broach, JT TI Advances in stand-off detection of trace explosives by infrared photo-thermal imaging SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XV CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE explosives; trace detection; stand-off detection; infrared; quantum cascade laser; photo-thermal; imaging ID SPECTROSCOPY; RDX AB A technique for stand-off detection of trace explosives using infrared (IR) photo-thermal (PT) imaging, remote explosives detection (RED), is under development at the Naval Research Laboratory. In this approach, compact IR quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) tuned to strong absorption bands of trace explosives illuminate a surface of interest. An IR focal plane array is used to image the surface and detect any small increase in the thermal emission upon laser illumination. The technique has been previously demonstrated at several meters of stand-off distance indoors and in field tests with sensitivity to explosive traces as small as a single grain (similar to 1 ng), while operating the lasers below the eye-safe intensity limit (100 mW/cm(2)) at the tested wavelengths. By varying the incident wavelength slightly, selectivity between TNT and RDX has been achieved. A complete test and analysis can be performed in less than 1 second. This manuscript critically examines components used with RED and demonstrates several improvements. These include QCL drive electronics for narrower spectral emission linewidth, fixed wavelength QCL packaging that optimizes spectral and spatial output, fiber-optic coupling for QCL beam steering and spatial filtering, cooled IR sensors that increase sensitivity and speed, tunable QCL sources that increase selectivity and extend the library of possible analytes, and dynamic PT signal processing that can increase sensitivity and speed. When considered in combination with the capabilities previously demonstrated for RED, and its capability to operate within eye-safety limits, this technology offers the potential for a wide area of applications relating to the detection of trace explosives on surfaces in both non-contact and stand-off configurations. C1 [Kendziora, Christopher A.; Furstenberg, Robert; Papantonakis, Michael; Nguyen, Viet; McGill, R. Andrew] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kendziora, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6365,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kendzior@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Papantonakis, Michael/G-3888-2012 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8128-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7664 AR 76641J DI 10.1117/12.849750 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSR48 UT WOS:000285543100045 ER PT S AU Tucker, JD Azimi-Sadjadi, MR AF Tucker, J. Derek Azimi-Sadjadi, Mahmood R. BE Harmon, RS Holloway, KH Broach, JT TI Neyman Pearson Detection of K-Distributed Random Variables SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XV CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE K-distributed clutter; non-Gaussian signal detection; sonar imagery; target detection and classification ID REVERBERATION; CLASSIFICATION AB In this paper a new detection method for sonar imagery is developed in K-distributed background clutter. The equation for the log-likelihood is derived and compared to the corresponding counterparts derived for the Gaussian and Rayleigh assumptions. Test results of the proposed method on a data set of synthetic underwater sonar images is also presented. This database contains images with targets of different shapes inserted into backgrounds generated using a correlated K-distributed model. Results illustrating the effectiveness of the K-distributed detector are presented in terms of probability of detection, false alarm, and correct classification rates for various bottom clutter scenarios. C1 [Tucker, J. Derek] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Tucker, JD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. EM james.d.tucker@navy.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8128-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7664 AR 76640Q DI 10.1117/12.851350 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSR48 UT WOS:000285543100020 ER PT S AU Hurni, MA Sekhavat, P Ross, IM AF Hurni, Michael A. Sekhavat, Pooya Ross, I. Michael BE Hirsh, MJ Pardalos, PM Murphey, R TI An Info-Centric Trajectory Planner for Unmanned Ground Vehicles SO DYNAMICS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS SE Springer Series in Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB We present a pseudospectral (PS) optimal control framework for autonomous trajectory planning and control of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) with real-time information updates. The algorithm is introduced and implemented on a collection of motion planning scenarios with varying levels of information. The UGV mission is to traverse from an initial start point and reach the target point in minimum time, with maximum robustness, while avoiding both static and dynamic obstacles. This is achieved by computing the control solution that solves the initial planning problem by minimizing a cost function while satisfying dynamical and environmental constraints based on the initial global knowledge of the area. To overcome the problem of incomplete global knowledge and a dynamic environment, the UGV uses its sensors to map the locally detected changes in the environment and continuously updates its global map. At each information update, the optimal control is recomputed and implemented. Simulation results illustrate the performance of the planner under varying levels of information. C1 [Hurni, Michael A.; Sekhavat, Pooya; Ross, I. Michael] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hurni, MA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mahurni@nps.edu; psekhava@nps.edu; imross@nps.edu NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1931-6828 BN 978-1-4419-5688-0 J9 SPRINGER SER OPTIM A PY 2010 VL 40 BP 213 EP 232 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-5689-7_11 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BOR02 UT WOS:000277363300011 ER PT J AU Yabuuchi, N Lu, YC Mansour, AN Kawaguchi, T Shao-Horn, Y AF Yabuuchi, Naoaki Lu, Yi-Chun Mansour, Azzam N. Kawaguchi, Tadashi Shao-Horn, Yang TI The Influence of Surface Chemistry on the Rate Capability of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LI-ION BATTERIES; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; POWDER DIFFRACTION; INSERTION MATERIAL; CATHODE MATERIAL; PHASE-STABILITY; HIGH-CAPACITY; HIGH-VOLTAGE; LINI1/2MN1/2O2; ELECTRODES AB Subsequent annealing at 700 degrees C enhances the rate capability of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2, delivering 180 mAh/g at 55 degrees C and 8C rate compared to 50 mAh/g of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 quenched from 1000 degrees C. Although Rietvled refinement analyses of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data showed that there were no significant changes in the lattice parameters and cation distributions of the layered structure before and after annealing, XRD and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that annealing significantly reduced surface impurity phases such as lithium carbonate and Mn3+-containing species. The influence of surface chemistry changes on the rate capability of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 was discussed. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3479664] All rights reserved. C1 [Yabuuchi, Naoaki; Kawaguchi, Tadashi; Shao-Horn, Yang] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Lu, Yi-Chun; Shao-Horn, Yang] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Mansour, Azzam N.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Yabuuchi, N (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM shaohorn@mit.edu RI Yabuuchi, Naoaki/F-8369-2012; Lu, Yi-Chun/J-1841-2015 OI Yabuuchi, Naoaki/0000-0002-9404-5693; Lu, Yi-Chun/0000-0003-1607-1615 FU DOE [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies of the DOE (DE-AC03-76SF00098 with LBNL). NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2010 VL 13 IS 11 BP A158 EP A161 DI 10.1149/1.3479664 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 667KY UT WOS:000283193300004 ER PT J AU Heuer, AH Kahn, H O'Donnell, LJ Ernst, F Michal, GM Rayne, RJ Martin, FJ Natishan, PM AF Heuer, A. H. Kahn, H. O'Donnell, L. J. Ernst, F. Michal, G. M. Rayne, R. J. Martin, F. J. Natishan, P. M. TI Carburization-Enhanced Passivity of PH13-8 Mo: A Precipitation-Hardened Martensitic Stainless Steel SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE; PARAEQUILIBRIUM CARBURIZATION; CARBON DIFFUSION; RESISTANCE AB Interstitial hardening of the martensitic stainless steel PH13-8 Mo has been achieved by low temperature gas-phase carburization. After treatment, hardness is increased to a depth of approximate to 50 mu m, with a surface hardness that is twice the core hardness and a corresponding improvement in pin-on-disk wear resistance. Pitting potential is increased by approximate to 0.5 V in 0.6 M NaCl. Elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction suggest the formation of a thin (approximate to 2 mu m) carbidic surface layer that is both wear and corrosion resistant. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3491468] All rights reserved. C1 [Heuer, A. H.; Kahn, H.; O'Donnell, L. J.; Ernst, F.; Michal, G. M.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Rayne, R. J.; Martin, F. J.; Natishan, P. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Ctr Corros Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Heuer, AH (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM natishan@nrl.navy.mil RI Ernst, Frank/J-4016-2013 FU Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Airan Perez of the Office of Naval Research and the Naval Research Laboratory for the financial support of this work. The authors also thank Peter Williams and Dr. Sunniva Collins of Swagelok Corporation (Solon, OH) for significant technical assistance and for performing treatments of the stainless steel employed in this work. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2010 VL 13 IS 12 BP C37 EP C39 DI 10.1149/1.3491468 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 669PB UT WOS:000283361600007 ER PT J AU Augier, M AF Augier, Mie BE Klein, PG Sykuta, ME TI Cyert, March, and the Carnegie school SO ELGAR COMPANION TO TRANSACTION COST ECONOMICS SE Elgar Original Reference LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ECONOMICS C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Augier, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84542-766-5 J9 ELGAR ORIG REF PY 2010 BP 49 EP 57 PG 9 WC Business; Economics SC Business & Economics GA BZF45 UT WOS:000301359800005 ER PT J AU Harvey, BG Quintana, RL AF Harvey, Benjamin G. Quintana, Roxanne L. TI Synthesis of renewable jet and diesel fuels from 2-ethyl-1-hexene SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOLID ACID CATALYSTS; ION-EXCHANGE-RESINS; SULFATED ZIRCONIA; SILICA NANOCOMPOSITE; ALPHA-METHYLSTYRENE; DIMERIZATION; COMPOSITE; ISOBUTENE; WATER; OLIGOMERIZATION AB An efficient method for the selective dimerization of the renewable feedstock, 2-ethyl-1-hexene, to a complex mixture of C(16)H(32) hydrocarbons has been developed. To optimize the process, the activity of a variety of strongly acidic heterogeneous catalysts was investigated. Montmorillonite K-10 and sulfated zirconia readily isomerized 2-ethyl-1-hexene to a mixture of the cis- and trans isomers of 3-methyl-2-heptene and 3-methyl-3-heptene, but were inactive for the dimerization of 2-ethyl-1-hexene at temperatures up to 116 degrees C. In contrast, the cation exchange resins Amberlyst-15 and Nafion, readily dimerized 2-ethyl-1-hexene at elevated temperatures. For both sets of catalysts, the degree of hydration strongly affected the rate of isomerization/dimerization. After hydrogenation over PtO(2) and fractional distillation, saturated dimer mixtures could be isolated in up to 90% yield. The dimers have a density of 0.78 g mL(-1) and a freezing point < -60 degrees C, suggesting that they can be blended with renewable or conventional jet fuels, without adversely affecting the overall density and low temperature viscosity of the mixtures. C1 [Harvey, Benjamin G.; Quintana, Roxanne L.] USN, Naval Air Syst Command NAVAIR, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div NAWCWD,Res Dept,Chem Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Harvey, BG (reprint author), USN, Naval Air Syst Command NAVAIR, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div NAWCWD,Res Dept,Chem Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM benjamin.g.harvey@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research In-House Laboratory Independent Research FX The authors thank Dr Michael Wright for helpful discussions, Dr Curtis Johnson for assistance with BET measurements, and the Office of Naval Research In-House Laboratory Independent Research Program for funding. NR 40 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 352 EP 357 DI 10.1039/b924004g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 563UD UT WOS:000275159300014 ER PT J AU Dorner, RW Hardy, DR Williams, FW Willauer, HD AF Dorner, Robert W. Hardy, Dennis R. Williams, Frederick W. Willauer, Heather D. TI Heterogeneous catalytic CO2 conversion to value-added hydrocarbons SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS; CARBON-DIOXIDE HYDROGENATION; GAS-PERMEABLE MEMBRANES; ALUMINA-SUPPORTED IRON; CU-ZN CATALYSTS; ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; PHASE-TRANSITION; FE; POTASSIUM AB The impact that anthropogenic CO2 is having on the environment has been thoroughly documented over the last 20 years. Many different technologies have been proposed to reduce its impact on global warming such as geological sequestration. However, an interesting and attractive alternative would be the recycling of the gas into energy-rich molecules. Iron rather than cobalt catalysts, based on the Fischer-Tropsch technology, have shown the greatest promise in converting CO2 to value-added hydrocarbons. The addition of co-catalysts is, however, essential to fine tune the product distribution to the more desired alkene products. The role that both the promoter and support play on the catalyst's activity is reviewed. C1 [Dorner, Robert W.; Hardy, Dennis R.; Williams, Frederick W.; Willauer, Heather D.] USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dorner, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research both directly and through the Naval Research Laboratory. The research was performed while RWD held a National Research Council Cooperative Research Associateship at the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 75 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 14 U2 142 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 7 BP 884 EP 890 DI 10.1039/c001514h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 618AH UT WOS:000279322800002 ER PT J AU Harvey, BG Wright, ME Quintana, RL AF Harvey, Benjamin G. Wright, Michael E. Quintana, Roxanne L. TI High-Density Renewable Fuels Based on the Selective Dimerization of Pinenes SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID CATALYTIC CONVERSION; SILICA NANOCOMPOSITE; ACID CATALYSTS; ALKYLATION; COMPOSITE; LIMONENE AB High-density fuel candidates have been synthesized in up to 90% yield from beta-pinene, a renewable strained bicyclic compound derived from wood and plant Sources. The process is based oil the heterogeneous acidic catalysts Montmorillonite-K10 and Nafion, which promote selective isomerization and dimerization of pinenes under moderate conditions (100 degrees C and atmospheric pressure). Montmorillonite-K10 was shown to be a highly active catalyst for dimerization but was also active in the ring opening of beta-pinene followed by dehydrogenation to produce p-cymene, which limited the yield of the dimer to ca. 75%. Nafion was capable of producing dimers in up to 90% yield primarily through isomerization followed by dimerization. Amberlyst-15 a common industrial catalyst had very poor activity and conversion even at 150 degrees C. The dimer mixtures were upgraded through hydrogenation over PtO(2) and fractional distillation. The synthesized fuels have a density of 0.94 g/cm(3) and a net volumetric heating value of 39.5 MJ/L (141 745 BTU/gallon). These values are nearly identical to those for the widely used tactical fuel JP-10 (primarily composed of exotetrahydrodicyclopentadiene), suggesting that these renewable fuels may have applications for rocket propulsion. C1 [Harvey, Benjamin G.; Wright, Michael E.; Quintana, Roxanne L.] USN, Naval Air Syst Command, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div,Res Dept,Chem Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Harvey, BG (reprint author), USN, Naval Air Syst Command, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div,Res Dept,Chem Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM benjamin.g.harvey@navy.mil FU NAWCWD; Office of Naval Research FX The authors thank Andrew Chafin for gas-phase heat of formation calculations and NAWCWD and the Office of Naval Research (In-House Laboratory Independent Research Program) for funding this work. NR 34 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 7 U2 67 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN PY 2010 VL 24 BP 267 EP 273 DI 10.1021/ef900799c PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 555MI UT WOS:000274514500038 ER PT J AU Qidwai, SM DeGiorgi, VG AF Qidwai, Siddiq M. DeGiorgi, V. G. TI Numerical analysis of the effect of poling-loading misalignment and mechanical boundary conditions on piezoelectric actuation SO ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONS LA English DT Article DE Design; Actuators; Finite element analysis; Piezoelectricity; Differential equations; Numerical analysis ID FINITE-ELEMENT FORMULATION; FERROELECTRIC CERAMICS; FERROELASTIC MATERIALS; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; CRACK SURFACES; PIEZOCERAMICS; CANTILEVERS; COMPONENTS; ACCOUNT; STRAIN AB Purpose - The paper aims to highlight the computational implementation of a nonlinear piezoelectric constitutive model and its application in determining the impact of misalignment between initial poling direction and applied electrical field, and mechanical boundary conditions on actuator performance. Design/methodology/approach - The numerical analysis is based on an existing three-dimensional model, where the original rate-independent evolution equations are replaced by their rate-dependent counterparts to facilitate implementation, which is performed in a partial differential equation solver. The execution of the model is verified through several benchmark constitutive responses. Findings - The analysis shows that small angles of poling and loading axes misalignment such as may occur in fabrication (less than 5 degrees) have minor impact on piezoelectric performance regardless of the type of imposed mechanical boundary conditions. On the other hand, larger angles of misalignment can have a significant impact, the feasibility of which in actuator design remains to be seen. Furthermore, it is shown that the linear response range of these actuators can be expanded by increased levels of mechanical constraint at the cost of maximum actuation stroke regardless of the degree of misalignment. Originality/value - The misalignment, which occurs accidentally, but can also be introduced purposefully during the fabrication process when poled material is cut into specimen form, may exhibit desirable performance features for actuator design when combined with appropriate mechanical constraints. C1 [Qidwai, Siddiq M.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Washington, DC USA. [DeGiorgi, V. G.] USN, Res Lab, Syst Design & Integrat Sect, Multifunct Mat Branch,Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Qidwai, SM (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Washington, DC USA. EM muhammad.a.qidwai@nrl.navy.mil OI Qidwai, Siddiq/0000-0002-2389-118X FU Office of Naval Research; US Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support of this work by the Office of Naval Research and US Naval Research Laboratory under the core Research Program. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0264-4401 J9 ENG COMPUTATION JI Eng. Comput. PY 2010 VL 27 IS 7-8 BP 909 EP 929 DI 10.1108/02644401011082953 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 711EH UT WOS:000286569400008 ER PT J AU Joyce, JA Link, RE Roe, C Sobotka, JC AF Joyce, James A. Link, R. E. Roe, C. Sobotka, J. C. TI Dynamic and static characterization of compact crack arrest tests of navy and nuclear steels SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Crack arrest; Fracture toughness; Dynamic crack arrest; Stress intensity factor; J-integral; Ductile-to-brittle transition; Initiation toughness; HSLA-100; HY100; European round robin; Dynamic computational analysis; ASTM E1221; ASTM E1921 AB Recent experimental and computational work by Link and associates has demonstrated that relatively small (W = 150 mm) single edge notched tension specimens (SE(T)) can be used to obtain crack arrest data high in the ductile-to-brittle transition of ferritic structural steel using dynamic computational techniques if a thermal gradient is utilized to aid in the crack arrest. Testing has been reported on two important navy structural steels that clearly defines the relative capability of the two materials to arrest rapidly growing cracks. The HY100 material demonstrated the expected large difference between the initiation and Crack arrest toughnesses which has made it impossible in the past to measure crack arrest toughness for this material using the standard ASTM procedure (E1221) The HSLA-100 steel, however demonstrated a much higher crack arrest toughness and a correspondingly smaller drop in toughness below the initiation toughness. This small difference between initiation toughness and arrest toughness suggested that the E1221 procedure, using wedge loaded, compact crack arrest (CCA) specimens would be applicable to this material Two important issues could then be investigated using this material. First, having completed the expensive and relatively complex testing of the SE(T) specimens using tensile loading and a thermal gradient. a second, quite different geometry could be tested using the E1221 procedure. allowing an important comparison between the crack arrest measurements made using these two distinct geometries. Historically. obtaining crack arrest results using one test configuration has been so difficult, that there have been very few reports of results for the same material using two different test geometries. Transferability of the laboratory results to structural applications has thus been a matter of conjecture Furthermore. if the E 122 1 CCA specimens were strain gaged to obtain crack velocity data, and analyzed using the dynamic computational procedure used by Link on the SE(T) specimens, it would be possible to compare the results the E1221 static analysis with the results of the dynamic computation procedure to determine the degree of conservatism present in the E1221 standard procedure The results of this work have shown that the crack arrest toughness results obtained on these two specimen geometries are similar and hence insensitive to the test geometry and the difference resulting from the application of the complex dynamic computational procedure or the E1221 static analyses is small. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Joyce, James A.; Link, R. E.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Roe, C.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. [Sobotka, J. C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Joyce, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU US Navy; US Nuclear Regulatory Commission Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research FX This project was sponsored by the US Navy and by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research under the direction of Dr. Mark Erickson-Kirk The assistance of the Technical Support Department of the US Naval Academy is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 77 IS 2 SI SI BP 337 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2009.04.006 PG 11 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 562YW UT WOS:000275093000015 ER PT J AU Larabee, MD AF Larabee, Mark D. TI Modernism and the Country House in Ford Madox Ford's The Good Soldier SO ENGLISH LITERATURE IN TRANSITION 1880-1920 LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Larabee, MD (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENGLISH LITERATURE TRANSITION PI GREENSBORO PA UNIV NORTH CAROLINA DEPT ENGLISH, GREENSBORO, NC 27412-5001 USA SN 0013-8339 J9 ENGL LIT TRANSITION JI Engl. Lit. Transit. PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 75 EP 94 DI 10.2487/elt.53.1(2010)0053 PG 20 WC Literature, British Isles SC Literature GA 532HR UT WOS:000272738300004 ER PT S AU Wood, J Klote, MM Tung, HL Stachura, ME Astapova, EV Sofge, DA Grayson, J Lawless, WF AF Wood, Joseph Klote, Mary M. Tung, Hui-Lien Stachura, Max E. Astapova, Elena V. Sofge, Donald A. Grayson, James Lawless, W. F. BE QuintelaVarajao, JE CruzCunha, MM Putnik, GD Trigo, A TI Military Medical Department Research Centers SO ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS PT II SE Communications in Computer and Information Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems CY OCT 20-22, 2010 CL Viana do Castelo, PORTUGAL SP Univ TrasosMontes & Alto Douro, Polytechn Inst Cavado & Ave, GESITI DE Organizational uncertainty; metrics; interdependence AB We review our research with military Medical Department Research Centers (MDRC; a pseudonym). In 2006, we first proposed an electronic data system with metrics to better measure performance for the MDRCs. The data management system evolved into an electronic system for an Institutional Review Board (e-IRB) at one site. We foresaw that an e-IRB could provide the metrics to better monitor MDRC practices. Now that the eIRB is operational, metrics can measure how well the present mission of the MDRCs is being met across its system (improved patient care, increased scientific knowledge, and improved graduate student education); and, how well its vision is achieved (transforming the present mission of MDRCs to prepare for future missions). C1 [Lawless, W. F.] Paine Coll, 1235 15th St, Augusta, GA 30901 USA. [Wood, Joseph] Dept Clin Invest, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. [Klote, Mary M.] US Army, Clin Investigat Regulatory Off, Med Res & Mat Command, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Tung, Hui-Lien] Dept Management, Auburn, AL USA. [Stachura, Max E.; Astapova, Elena V.] Ctr Telehlth, Med Coll Georgia, Augusta, GA USA. [Sofge, Donald A.] Navy Ctr, Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Grayson, James] Augusta State Univ, Augusta, GA 30904 USA. RP Lawless, WF (reprint author), Paine Coll, 1235 15th St, Augusta, GA 30901 USA. EM Joseph.C.Wood@us.army.mil; Mary.Klote@us.army.mil; hzt0007@auburn.edu; maxs@mcg.edu; eastapova@mail.mcg.edu; donald.sofge@nrl.navy.nil; jgrayson@aug.edu; wlawless@paine.edu FU U. S. Army Research Office [W911NF-10-1-0252] FX This material is based upon work supported by, or in part by, the U. S. Army Research Laboratory and the U. S. Army Research Office under contract/grant number W911NF-10-1-0252. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1865-0929 BN 978-3-642-16418-7 J9 COMM COM INF SC PY 2010 VL 110 BP 109 EP + PN 2 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BTZ21 UT WOS:000288485400011 ER PT J AU Squire, PN Parasuraman, R AF Squire, P. N. Parasuraman, R. TI Effects of automation and task load on task switching during human supervision of multiple semi-autonomous robots in a dynamic environment SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE automation; human factors; human-robot interaction; multitasking; task switching; unmanned vehicles ID EXECUTIVE CONTROL; PERFORMANCE; VEHICLES; HOMUNCULUS; SEARCH AB The present study assessed the impact of task load and level of automation (LOA) on task switching in participants supervising a team of four or eight semi-autonomous robots in a simulated 'capture the flag' game. Participants were faster to perform the same task than when they chose to switch between different task actions. They also took longer to switch between different tasks when supervising the robots at a high compared to a low LOA. Task load, as manipulated by the number of robots to be supervised, did not influence switch costs. The results suggest that the design of future unmanned vehicle (UV) systems should take into account not simply how many UVs an operator can supervise, but also the impact of LOA and task operations on task switching during supervision of multiple UVs. The findings of this study are relevant for the ergonomics practice of UV systems. This research extends the cognitive theory of task switching to inform the design of UV systems and results show that switching between UVs is an important factor to consider. C1 [Squire, P. N.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahglren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. [Squire, P. N.; Parasuraman, R.] George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Squire, PN (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahglren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM peter.squire@navy.mil FU Naval Research Independent Laboratory In-House Research (IHR); Independent Applied Research (IAR); Army Research Laboratory [6004.005.01-C]; Air Force Office of Sponsored Research MURI FX The authors wish to thank the George Mason University Interruption Group, Archlab Writing Group and Owen Seely for feedback and comments on this manuscript. This research was supported in part by the Naval Research Independent Laboratory In-House Research (IHR) and Independent Applied Research (IAR) Programs to P.S.; and the Army Research Laboratory under Contract 6004.005.01-C and Air Force Office of Sponsored Research MURI Grant to R.P. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PY 2010 VL 53 IS 8 BP 951 EP 961 AR PII 924713678 DI 10.1080/00140139.2010.489969 PG 11 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 630IK UT WOS:000280266400003 PM 20658389 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB AF Johnson, W. Brad TI The Ethics of Supervision and Consultation: Practical Guidance for Mental Health Professionals SO ETHICS & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Book Review C1 [Johnson, W. Brad] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Johnson, W. Brad] Johns Hopkins Univ, Grad Sch Business & Educ, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8422 J9 ETHICS BEHAV JI Ethics Behav. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 5 BP 400 EP 402 AR PII 927632604 DI 10.1080/10508422.2010.491770 PG 3 WC Ethics; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology GA 659OL UT WOS:000282576700006 ER PT J AU Ives, RW Bishop, DA Du, YZ Belcher, C AF Ives, Robert W. Bishop, Daniel A. Du, Yingzi Belcher, Craig TI Iris Recognition: The Consequences of Image Compression SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article AB Iris recognition for human identification is one of the most accurate biometrics, and its employment is expanding globally. The use of portable iris systems, particularly in law enforcement applications, is growing. In many of these applications, the portable device may be required to transmit an iris image or template over a narrow-bandwidth communication channel. Typically, a full resolution image (e. g., VGA) is desired to ensure sufficient pixels across the iris to be confident of accurate recognition results. To minimize the time to transmit a large amount of data over a narrow-bandwidth communication channel, image compression can be used to reduce the file size of the iris image. In other applications, such as the Registered Traveler program, an entire iris image is stored on a smart card, but only 4 kB is allowed for the iris image. For this type of application, image compression is also the solution. This paper investigates the effects of image compression on recognition system performance using a commercial version of the Daugman iris2pi algorithm along with JPEG-2000 compression, and links these to image quality. Using the ICE 2005 iris database, we find that even in the face of significant compression, recognition performance is minimally affected. C1 [Ives, Robert W.] USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Bishop, Daniel A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Du, Yingzi; Belcher, Craig] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Ives, RW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ives@usna.edu FU Department of Defense; National Institute of Justice [2007-DE-BX-K182] FX For the iCAP software implementation of the Daugman algorithm and advice on the use of the SDK, the authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Jun Hong, Chief Scientist, Mr. Joseph Hwang, Senior Software Engineer, Mr. Samir Shah, Senior Software Engineer, and Mr. Tim Meyerho., Project Manager, LG Electronics U. S. A. Inc., Iris Technology Division. This work was supported in part by the Department of Defense and the National Institute of Justice (Award no. 2007-DE-BX-K182). This work was conducted under USNA IRB approval no. USNA. 2007.0004-CR01-EM4-A. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-6172 J9 EURASIP J ADV SIG PR JI EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. PY 2010 AR 680845 DI 10.1155/2010/680845 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 623FW UT WOS:000279725100001 ER PT J AU Rakvic, RN Ngo, H Broussard, RP Ives, RW AF Rakvic, Ryan N. Ngo, Hau Broussard, Randy P. Ives, Robert W. TI Comparing an FPGA to a Cell for an Image Processing Application SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article AB Modern advancements in configurable hardware, most notably Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), have provided an exciting opportunity to discover the parallel nature of modern image processing algorithms. On the other hand, PlayStation3 (PS3) game consoles contain a multicore heterogeneous processor known as the Cell, which is designed to perform complex image processing algorithms at a high performance. In this research project, our aim is to study the differences in performance of a modern image processing algorithm on these two hardware platforms. In particular, Iris Recognition Systems have recently become an attractive identification method because of their extremely high accuracy. Iris matching, a repeatedly executed portion of a modern iris recognition algorithm, is parallelized on an FPGA system and a Cell processor. We demonstrate a 2.5 times speedup of the parallelized algorithm on the FPGA system when compared to a Cell processor-based version. C1 [Rakvic, Ryan N.; Ngo, Hau; Ives, Robert W.] USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Broussard, Randy P.] USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Rakvic, RN (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM rakvic@usna.edu NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-6172 J9 EURASIP J ADV SIG PR JI EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. PY 2010 AR 764838 DI 10.1155/2010/764838 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 623GY UT WOS:000279728300001 ER PT J AU Tao, J Zheng, YHR Xiao, CS Yang, TC Yang, WB AF Tao, Jun Zheng, Yahong Rosa Xiao, Chengshan Yang, T. C. Yang, Wen-Bin TI Channel Equalization for Single Carrier MIMO Underwater Acoustic Communications SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID DECISION-FEEDBACK EQUALIZER; PASSIVE-PHASE CONJUGATION; TIME-REVERSAL AB Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) underwater acoustic (UWA) channels introduce both space-time interference (STI) and time-varying phase distortion for transmitted signals. In such cases, the equalized symbols produced by conventional equalizer aiming for STI cancelation suffer phase rotation and thus cannot be reliably detected. In this paper, we propose a new equalization scheme for high data rate single carrier MIMO UWA channels. Different from existing methods employing joint equalization and symbolwise phase tracking technology, the proposed scheme decouples the interference cancelation (IC) operation and the phase compensation operation, leading to a generalized equalizer structure combining an IC equalizer with a phase compensator. The decoupling of the two functionalities leads to robust signal detection, which is most desirable in practical UWA applications. MIMO linear equalizer (LE) is adopted to remove space-time interference, and a groupwise phase estimation and correction method is used to compensate the phase rotation. In addition, the layered space-time processing technology is adopted to enhance the equalization performance. The proposed equalization scheme is tested to be very robust with extensive experimental data collected at Kauai, Hawaii, in September 2005, and Saint Margaret's Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada, in May 2006. C1 [Zheng, Yahong Rosa; Xiao, Chengshan] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Tao, Jun] Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Yang, T. C.] USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Yang, Wen-Bin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Network Technol Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xiao, CS (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM xiaoc@mst.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-1-0219, N00014-10-1-0174]; National Science Foundation [ECCS-0846486, CCF-0915846] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under Grants N00014-07-1-0219 and N00014-10-1-0174 and the National Science Foundation under Grants ECCS-0846486 and CCF-0915846. The work of T. C. Yang and W.-B. Yang was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The authors are grateful to Professor Tolga Duman and Dr. Subhadeep Roy for providing the transmitted data of MakaiEx05. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-6172 J9 EURASIP J ADV SIG PR JI EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. PY 2010 AR 281769 DI 10.1155/2010/281769 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 637AQ UT WOS:000280787000001 ER PT J AU Dharmasena, KP Queheillalt, DT Wadley, HNG Dudt, P Chen, Y Knight, D Evans, AG Deshpande, VS AF Dharmasena, K. P. Queheillalt, D. T. Wadley, H. N. G. Dudt, P. Chen, Y. Knight, D. Evans, A. G. Deshpande, V. S. TI Dynamic compression of metallic sandwich structures during planar impulsive loading in water SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MECHANICS A-SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE Sandwich panels; Underwater impulsive loading; Fluid/structure interaction; Metal foams, lattices and honeycombs ID PANELS; BEAMS; BLAST; RESISTANCE; BEHAVIOR; PLATES AB The compressive response of rigidly supported stainless steel sandwich panels subject to a planar impulsive load in water is investigated. Five core topologies that spanned a wide range of crush strengths and strain-dependencies were investigated. They included a (i) square-honeycomb, (ii) triangular honeycomb, (iii) multi-layer pyramidal truss, (iv) triangular corrugation and (v) diamond corrugation, all with a core relative density of approximately 5%. Quasi-statically, the honeycombs had the highest peak strength, but exhibited strong softening beyond the peak strength. The truss and corrugated cores had significantly lower strength, but a post yield plateau that extended to beyond a plastic strain of 60% similar to metal foams. Dynamically, the transmitted pressures scale with the quasi-static strength. The final transmitted momentum increased slowly with core strength (provided the cores were not fully crushed). It is shown that the essential aspects of the dynamic response, such as the transmitted momentum and the degree of core compression, are captured with surprising fidelity by modeling the cores as equivalent metal foams having plateau strengths represented by the quasi-static peak strength. The implication is that, despite considerable differences in core topology and dynamic deformation modes, a simple foam-like model replicates the dynamic response of rigidly supported sandwich panels subject to planar impulsive loads. It remains to ascertain whether such foam-like models capture more nuanced aspects of sandwich panel behavior when locally loaded in edge clamped configurations. (C) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Dharmasena, K. P.; Queheillalt, D. T.; Wadley, H. N. G.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Dudt, P.; Chen, Y.; Knight, D.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock, MD 20817 USA. [Evans, A. G.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Deshpande, V. S.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. RP Dharmasena, KP (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 395 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM kumar@virginia.edu RI Deshpande, Vikram/C-6750-2013 OI Deshpande, Vikram/0000-0003-3899-3573 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-03-1-0281] FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research grant number N00014-03-1-0281 on Blast and Fragmentation Protection Sandwich Panel Concepts for Stainless Steel Monohull designs monitored by Drs. Edward Johnson and Daniel Tam. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 41 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0997-7538 J9 EUR J MECH A-SOLID JI Eur. J. Mech. A-Solids PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 29 IS 1 BP 56 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.euromechsol.2009.05.003 PG 12 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 510OU UT WOS:000271100200007 ER PT J AU Rahman, AS AF Rahman, Ahmed S. TI Fighting the forces of gravity - Seapower and maritime trade between the 18th and 20th centuries SO EXPLORATIONS IN ECONOMIC HISTORY LA English DT Article DE Trade; War; Naval history ID INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; CONFLICT; FLOWS; ARRANGEMENTS; IMPACT AB How have large naval powers affected international commerce in history? Using a panel gravity model, we investigate the interactions of wars, alliances, naval power and trade from the 18th to mid-20th centuries. Striking an alliance with a naval power helps a country's interstate commerce. Fighting a naval power on the other hand limits a country's interstate commerce. Further, we split this effect on trade between an extensive effect (effect on a country's trade when fighting a naval power) and an intensive effect (effect of that power gaining more naval strength). We conclude that the intensive effect is a powerful one - large navies have historically been destroyers of trade when mobilized to combat. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Rahman, AS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Econ, 589 McNair Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM rahman@usna.edu NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4983 J9 EXPLOR ECON HIST JI Explor. Econ. Hist. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 47 IS 1 BP 28 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.eeh.2009.05.007 PG 21 WC Economics; History Of Social Sciences SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 556AP UT WOS:000274559200002 ER PT S AU Osvik, DA Bos, JW Stefan, D Canright, D AF Osvik, Dag Arne Bos, Joppe W. Stefan, Deian Canright, David BE Hong, S Iwata, T TI Fast Software AES Encryption SO FAST SOFTWARE ENCRYPTION SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption CY FEB 07-10, 2010 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Univ, CIST, Korea Inst Informat Secur & Cryptog, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Ellipsis, Korea Univ, LG CNS, Natl Inst Math Sci DE Advanced Encryption Standard (AES); Advanced Virtual RISC (AVR); Advanced RISC Machine (ARM); Cell Broadband Engine; Graphics Processing Unit (GPU); Symmetric Cryptography ID PROCESSOR; ATTACK AB This paper presents new software speed records for AES-128 encryption for architectures at both ends of the performance spectrum. On the one side we target the low-end 8-bit AVR rnicrocontrollers and 32-bit ARM microprocessors, while on the other side of the spectrum we consider the high-performing Cell broadband engine and NVIDIA graphics processing units (GPUs). Platform specific techniques are detailed, explaining how the software speed records on these architectures are obtained. Additionally, this paper presents the first AES decryption implementation for GPU architectures. C1 [Osvik, Dag Arne; Bos, Joppe W.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Cryptol Algorithms, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Stefan, Deian] Cooper Union Adv Sci & Art, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Canright, David] Naval Postgrad Sch, Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Osvik, DA (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Cryptol Algorithms, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-13857-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6147 BP 75 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQL22 UT WOS:000281239500005 ER PT J AU Pande, CS Imam, MA Srivatsan, TS AF Pande, C. S. Imam, M. A. Srivatsan, T. S. BE Srivatsan, TS Imam, MA TI FUNDAMENTALS OF FATIGUE CRACK INITIATION and PROPAGATION: A REVIEW SO FATIGUE OF MATERIALS: ADVANCES AND EMERGENCES IN UNDERSTANDING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Fatigue of Materials - Advances and Emergences in Understanding held during Materials Science and Technology Meeting CY OCT 17-21, 2010 CL Houston, TX SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Mech Behav Comm, ASM Int, Mech Behav Comm, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE fatigue; metallic materials; dislocations; crack shielding; threshold ID HIGH STRESS FATIGUE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DISLOCATION EMISSION; STAGE-I; GROWTH; MODEL; METALS; THRESHOLD; TIP; PLASTICITY AB The prediction of fatigue properties of structural materials is rightly recognized as one of the most important problems in the domain of engineering. Therefore, an understanding of the fundamental nature of fatigue crack initiation and fatigue crack growth in metals spanning the entire spectrum of conventional and advanced has long been a major scientific challenge starting with the first dislocation model of fatigue crack growth put forth by Bilby and co-workers in 1963 (B. A. Bilby, A. H. Cottrell, and K. H. Swinden, "The Spread of Plastic Yield From a Notch", Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 1963: A272:304). Understanding the process of emission of dislocations from cracks, and determining precise expressions for size of the plastic zone size, the crack-tip opening displacement, and the energy release rate of the cracks, are some of the major technical issues for this purpose. In this review, we summarize briefly some of the important recent results and how they can contribute to enabling and enriching our understanding of the phenomena. C1 [Pande, C. S.; Imam, M. A.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pande, CS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-47094-318-2 PY 2010 BP 3 EP 18 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHA23 UT WOS:000324803400001 ER PT J AU Holtz, RL AF Holtz, Ronald L. BE Srivatsan, TS Imam, MA TI LINEARITY OF FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH RATES IN THE NEAR-THRESHOLD REGIME SO FATIGUE OF MATERIALS: ADVANCES AND EMERGENCES IN UNDERSTANDING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Fatigue of Materials - Advances and Emergences in Understanding held during Materials Science and Technology Meeting CY OCT 17-21, 2010 CL Houston, TX SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Mech Behav Comm, ASM Int, Mech Behav Comm, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE Threshold; Kmax Effects; Unigrow Model; Unified Approach AB Based upon comprehensive analysis of our experimental data and of literature data, we postulate that many near-threshold fatigue crack growth data are represented very well by a modified Paris law in terms of a composite driving force of the Walker form, that depends on both cyclic stress intensity Delta K and maximum stress intensity K-MAX-In the near-threshold regime, the leading terms in the crack growth rate are linear in terms of this composite driving force. Deviations from linear behavior in the near-threshold regime are associated with crack growth rate dependent environmental influences. This alternative method of threshold determination explicitly depends on both Delta K and K-MAX, in contrast to a single threshold defined in terms of Delta K alone. We discuss the implications of this near-threshold behavior in the context of the new Unigrow model of Noroozi, Glinka & Lambert and the Unified Approach of Sadananda & Vasudevan. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Holtz, RL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ronald.holtz@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-47094-318-2 PY 2010 BP 43 EP 53 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHA23 UT WOS:000324803400004 ER PT J AU Pao, PS Goswami, R Bayles, RA Longazel, TM Holtz, RL AF Pao, P. S. Goswami, R. Bayles, R. A. Longazel, T. M. Holtz, R. L. BE Srivatsan, TS Imam, MA TI CORROSION FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH IN SENSITIZED Al 5083 SO FATIGUE OF MATERIALS: ADVANCES AND EMERGENCES IN UNDERSTANDING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Fatigue of Materials - Advances and Emergences in Understanding held during Materials Science and Technology Meeting CY OCT 17-21, 2010 CL Houston, TX SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Mech Behav Comm, ASM Int, Mech Behav Comm, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE Fatigue crack growth; Microstructure; Sensitization; Aluminum; Corrosion ID MG ALLOY; AA5083 AL-4.5MG-1.0MN AB The corrosion fatigue crack growth kinetics of sensitized (175 degrees C for 1 - 1000 hrs) and as-received (H131) Al 5083 were investigated. TEM investigations reveal the formation of magnesium-rich beta phase (Al3Mg2) at the grain boundaries after few hours aging at 175 degrees C while in as-received Al 5083 such beta phase is absent. After prolonged sensitization at 175 degrees C, the grain boundaries are covered with continuous beta phase. The presence of grain boundary beta significantly lowers the high stress-ratio corrosion fatigue crack growth threshold and increases the crack growth rate in sensitized Al 5083 compared to those of as-received Al 5083. Such fatigue degradation is proportional to the amount of beta phase present at the grain boundaries. C1 [Pao, P. S.; Bayles, R. A.; Longazel, T. M.; Holtz, R. L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pao, PS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-47094-318-2 PY 2010 BP 85 EP 91 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHA23 UT WOS:000324803400007 ER PT J AU Pande, CS AF Pande, Chandra S. BE Srivatsan, TS Imam, MA TI CRACK-DISLOCATION INTERACTION AND IT'S IMPLICATION FOR A FUNDAMENTAL UNDERSTANDING OF FATIGUE SO FATIGUE OF MATERIALS: ADVANCES AND EMERGENCES IN UNDERSTANDING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Fatigue of Materials - Advances and Emergences in Understanding held during Materials Science and Technology Meeting CY OCT 17-21, 2010 CL Houston, TX SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Mech Behav Comm, ASM Int, Mech Behav Comm, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE fatigue; dislocations; crack shielding; thresholds ID FREE ZONE; MODEL; FRACTURE; COPPER; METALS; SLIP; TIP AB In order to develop a basic understanding of fatigue process we examine the case of two arrays of discrete dislocations in the presence of a semi-infinite crack. From the elasto-static formulation for isotropic materials utilizing complex variable functions, we have developed the required equilibrium forces. The analysis gives the number of dislocations in equilibrium with the crack at a given load, and the size of the dislocation free zone. The resulting analysis also yields the size of the plastic zone and an estimate of the critical threshold for further dislocation emission. These results will be compared with dislocation analysis results reported by other workers, especially Lin and Thomson (I. H. Lin and R. Thomson, "Cleavage, Dislocation Emission, and Shielding for Cracks under General Loading" (Ada Metallurgica, 1986: 34: 187-206). The applicability of these results for a quantitative description of the phenomenon of fatigue in general and fatigue thresholds in particular will also be briefly discussed. C1 Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pande, CS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-47094-318-2 PY 2010 BP 317 EP 325 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHA23 UT WOS:000324803400020 ER PT S AU Kurti, RS Halterman, K Shori, RK Arian, C Wardlaw, MJ AF Kurti, R. Steven Halterman, Klaus Shori, Ramesh K. Arian, Cyrus Wardlaw, Michael J. BE Tankala, K Dawson, JW TI Creating discrete cylindrical vector beams using coherently combined fiber arrays SO FIBER LASERS VII: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Fiber Lasers - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 25-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Fianium Ltd, PolarOnyx Inc DE Cylindrical vector beam; coherent beam combining; radial vector beam; fiber array; cylindrical symmetry; radial polarization; azimuthal polarization ID RADIALLY POLARIZED BEAMS; LASER-BEAM; GENERATION; BIREFRINGENCE; COMBINATION; AZIMUTHAL; DEVICE; PRISM; MODE AB A novel method is presented for beam shaping far field intensity distributions using coherently combined fiber arrays. Traditionally, coherent arrays have been composed of linearly polarized elements having their polarization vector along a common axis. In this novel method, the fibers are arranged uniformly on the perimeter of a circle, and the linearly polarized beams are oriented with their polarization vectors arranged in a cylindrical fashion such that each subsequent vector is rotated by 2 pi/N where N is the number of elements on the circle. The elements each have the same Gaussian intensity distribution and power. The ensemble yields a far field intensity pattern that is a good approximation to a cylindrical vector (CV) beam which is characterized by a nonuniform polarization distribution and a null in the center of the beam. These synthetically created CV beams, or discrete cylindrical vector (DCV) beams, can be represented in a closed form solution to predict the far field intensity distributions. This solution is shown to agree with experimental results where several values of N, the number of elements, were tested. In addition, some more complex geometries such as nested geometries, fractal geometries, and some nonuniform geometries have been simulated, all of which also have a central null in the beam and have a nonuniform polarization distribution. These results are in contrast to linearly polarized beams, where the intensity peaks on axis, and from traditional cylindrical vector beams, which are generated by a single laser cavity. C1 [Kurti, R. Steven] Loma Linda Univ, Sch Dent, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. RP Halterman, K (reprint author), USN, Res & Intelligence Dept, Div Phys, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM klaus.halterman@navy.mil RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7976-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7580 AR 75801P DI 10.1117/12.841588 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BRS51 UT WOS:000283536200054 ER PT J AU Smith, PJ AF Smith, Paul J. BE Wirsing, RG Ahrari, E TI China Tibet: At the Crossroads of Ethnic Nationalism and Geopolitical Rivalry SO FIXING FRACTURED NATIONS: THE CHALLENGE OF ETHNIC SEPARATISM IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC SE Critical Studies of the Asia-Pacific Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Smith, PJ (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-28127-1 J9 CRIT STUD ASIA PAC S PY 2010 BP 206 EP 227 D2 10.1057/9780230281271 PG 22 WC Area Studies; Ethnic Studies SC Area Studies; Ethnic Studies GA BXK62 UT WOS:000296249700011 ER PT S AU Burgess, JS Baldwin, JW Robinson, JT Bulat, FA Houston, BH AF Burgess, James S. Baldwin, Jeffrey W. Robinson, Jeremy T. Bulat, Felipe A. Houston, Brian H. BE Nelson, DJ Brammer, CN TI Fluorinated Carbon Nanomaterials: XeF2 Fluorination of Graphene SO FLUORINE-RELATED NANOSCIENCE WITH ENERGY APPLICATIONS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; REVERSIBLE HYDROGENATION; LITHIUM BATTERIES; XENON DIFLUORIDE; NANOTUBES; SUPERCAPACITORS; NANOSHEETS; GRAPHANE; FLUORIDE; DENSITY AB The material properties of graphene, such as electrical conductivity, optical transmission, and chemical reactivity, can be drastically altered with fluorination, enabling new utility from this already promising material. Stoichiometric control of the fluorination of graphene was made possible by controlled exposure of graphene films on various substrates (copper, silicon dioxide, and silicon on insulator (SOI)). Reacting XeF2 gas to a single side of the graphene sheet, with the underside protected by a copper or SiO2 substrate, results in a fluorine content of 20% in the film (C4F) as determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XeF2 gas exposure to both sides of graphene on a silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate results in fully fluorinated graphene (50% in the film, CF). Quantum mechanical calculations are presented that demonstrate the stability of single- and double-sided fluorinated graphene. To compare this fluorination method to other relevant carbon materials, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were exposed under the same reaction conditions, where the maximum fluorine content is 5% (C19F). The chemical reactivity and stability of fluorinated graphene was explored by thermal desorption and hydrazine reduction. For single-side fluorine addition, fluorine begins to dissociate from the material at less than 100 degrees C and is completely removed at 300 degrees C. Hydrazine reduction showed complete removal of the fluorine for single-sided fluorination, but with nitrogen incorporation in the graphene. C1 [Burgess, James S.; Baldwin, Jeffrey W.; Robinson, Jeremy T.; Houston, Brian H.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bulat, Felipe A.] Global Def Technol & Syst Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Burgess, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.burgess.ctr@nrl.navy.mil NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2610-4 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2010 VL 1064 BP 11 EP 30 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BAQ14 UT WOS:000305161400002 ER PT S AU Berzins, V Luqi Musial, PM AF Berzins, Vladis Luqi Musial, Peter M. BE Choppy, C Sokolsky, O TI Formal Reasoning about Software Object Translations SO FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE: FUTURE TRENDS AND TECHNIQUES FOR DEVELOPMENT SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Monterey Workshop on Foundation of Computer Software - Future Trends and Techniques for Development CY SEP 24-26, 2008 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP N Amer Primary Care Res Grp ID SYSTEM AB In this work we examine the problem of verifying translations from outputs of one system to the inputs of another system, which we refer to as the output-to-input translation problem. We present a formalization of this problem along with a verification mechanism based on constraint logic programming. Composition of systems is an important issue in the software reuse domain, and has applicability in other areas of software engineering such as transformation of information from one phase of the development process to another. Some challenges are to verify the translation mechanisms that may be needed to connect independently designed components and assess to what degree is the consumer component functionality enabled after the composition takes place. To this end we use constraint logic programming modeling techniques. Our model allows formalization of the translation problem in the form of constraints and relations between the outputs and the inputs of involved components. Since CLP tools are computationally expensive, we identify characteristics of translation problems for which our technique is practical. We conclude with an application of our translation framework within the Documentation Driven Software Development methodology. C1 [Berzins, Vladis; Luqi; Musial, Peter M.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Berzins, V (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-12565-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6028 BP 43 EP 58 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPG68 UT WOS:000278826600003 ER PT S AU Rabinovich, WS Moore, CI Burris, HR Murphy, JL Suite, MR Mahon, R Ferraro, MS Goetz, PG Thomas, LM Font, C Gilbreath, GC Xu, B Binari, S Hacker, K Reese, S Freeman, WT Frawley, S AF Rabinovich, W. S. Moore, C. I. Burris, H. R. Murphy, J. L. Suite, M. R. Mahon, R. Ferraro, M. S. Goetz, P. G. Thomas, L. M. Font, C. Gilbreath, G. C. Xu, B. Binari, S. Hacker, K. Reese, S. Freeman, W. T. Frawley, S. BE Hemmati, H TI Free Space Optical Communications Research at the U. S. Naval Research Laboratory SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXII CY JAN 26-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Free space optical communication; Lasercom; Modulating retro-reflector; Retro-modulator; Maritime; Naval; Optical propagation; gigabit Ethernet; high bandwidth; frequency allocation; ship-to-ship communication; Trident Warrior; robot communication; Packbot; low probability of intercept; anti-jam AB Free space optical (FSO) communication has enjoyed a renewal of interest in the past decade driven by increasing data rate requirements and decreasing amounts of radio frequency spectrum. These needs exist in both the commercial and military sectors. However military communications requirements differ in other ways. At the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) we have been conducting research on FSO communications for over ten years with an emphasis on tactical applications. NRL's FSO research has covered propagation studies in the maritime domain, new component development, and systems demonstrations. In addition NRL has developed both conventional, direct, laser communications systems and retro-reflecting systems. In this paper we review some of this work and discuss possible future applications of FSO communications C1 [Rabinovich, W. S.; Moore, C. I.; Burris, H. R.; Murphy, J. L.; Suite, M. R.; Mahon, R.; Ferraro, M. S.; Goetz, P. G.; Thomas, L. M.; Font, C.; Gilbreath, G. C.; Xu, B.; Binari, S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rabinovich, WS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7983-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7587 AR 758702 DI 10.1117/12.843682 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSN22 UT WOS:000284997700001 ER PT J AU Sanghera, JS Shaw, LB Florea, CM Pureza, P Nguyen, VQ Kung, F Gibson, D Aggarwal, ID AF Sanghera, Jas S. Shaw, L. Brandon Florea, C. M. Pureza, P. Nguyen, V. Q. Kung, F. Gibson, Dan Aggarwal, I. D. BE Pal, B TI Nonlinear Properties of Chalcogenide Glass Fibers SO FRONTIERS IN GUIDED WAVE OPTICS AND OPTOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-FIBERS; SLOW LIGHT; LASER; GENERATION; AS2S3; GAIN; SPEED C1 [Sanghera, Jas S.; Shaw, L. Brandon; Florea, C. M.; Pureza, P.; Nguyen, V. Q.; Kung, F.; Gibson, Dan; Aggarwal, I. D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sanghera, JS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-7619-82-4 PY 2010 BP 29 EP 48 D2 10.5772/3033 PG 20 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BD7WK UT WOS:000363651900003 ER PT S AU Golden, JP Kim, J Anderson, GP Hashemi, N Howell, PJ Ligler, FS AF Golden, Joel P. Kim, Jason Anderson, George P. Hashemi, Nastaran Howell, Peter J. Ligler, Frances S. BE Fauchet, PM Miller, BL TI A Microflow Cytometer on a Chip SO FRONTIERS IN PATHOGEN DETECTION: FROM NANOSENSORS TO SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Frontiers in Pathogen Detection - From Nanosensors to Systems CY JAN 23-25, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE flow cytometry; microfluidics; multi-analyte assay; coded microspheres; microflow cytometer AB A rapid, automated, multi-analyte Microflow Cytometer is being developed as a portable, field-deployable sensor for on-site diagnosis of biothreat agent exposure and environmental monitoring. The technology relies on a unique method for ensheathing a sample stream in continuous flow past an interrogation region where optical fibers provide excitation and collect emission. This approach efficiently focuses particles in the interrogation region of the fluidic channel, avoids clogging and provides for subsequent separation of the core and sheath fluids in order to capture the target for confirmatory assays and recycling of the sheath fluid. Fluorescently coded microspheres provide the capability for highly multiplexed assays. Optical analysis at four different wavelengths identified six sets of the coded microspheres recognizing Escherichia coli, Listeria, and Salmonella as well as cholera toxin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), and ricin, and assay results were compared with those of a commercial Luminex analysis system. C1 [Golden, Joel P.; Kim, Jason; Anderson, George P.; Hashemi, Nastaran; Howell, Peter J.; Ligler, Frances S.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Golden, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joel.golden@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011; Hashemi, Nastaran/A-7645-2012; Howell, Peter/H-8710-2012 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893; Hashemi, Nastaran/0000-0001-8921-7588; Howell, Peter/0000-0003-3673-3145 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7949-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7553 AR 755308 DI 10.1117/12.842623 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS06 UT WOS:000285577200005 ER PT S AU Calame, JP AF Calame, Jeffrey P. BE Wang, Q Zhu, L TI Nanostructure-Level Modeling of Nonlinear Energy Storage in Polymer-Ceramic Nanocomposites SO FUNCTIONAL POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES FOR ENERGY STORAGE AND CONVERSION SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 237th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 22-26, 2009 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Amer Chem Soc AB Three-dimensional finite difference dielectric simulation routines have been developed to predict the overall dielectric behavior of a composite, based on the constituent properties and a computer representation of the micro- to nanostructure. The methodology allows for a nonlinear dependence of constituent polarization vs. the local electric field. Studies on nonlinear titanate-like inclusions in a linear matrix have been performed for both spheres-in-a-simple-cubic-lattice (SSCL) and randomly positioned spheres configurations. For a relatively low saturation inclusion material (similar to simple titanates), when arranged in a SSCL fashion at filling fraction p = 0.3 in a matrix with a dielectric constant of 12, the composite energy storage is reduced by nonlinear effects from the expected 2.5 J/cm(3) down to 1.04 J/cm(3) at 140 V/micron applied field. The energy storage situation' is improved by using inclusions with 5 times higher saturation polarization, reaching 10 J/cm(3) at p = 0.4 with 300 V/micron applied field. C1 USN, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Calame, JP (reprint author), USN, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jeffrey.calame@nrl.navy.mil NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2543-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2010 VL 1034 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Composites; Optics; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Polymer Science GA BVK43 UT WOS:000291705900001 ER PT B AU Chandar, R Rothberg, B AF Chandar, Rupali Rothberg, Barry BE Smith, BJ Bastian, N Higdon, SJU Higdon, JL TI Galaxy Mergers and Star Clusters: An HST Perspective SO GALAXY WARS: STELLAR POPULATIONS AND STAR FORMATION IN INTERACTING GALAXIES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Galaxy Wars: Stellar Populations and Star Formation in Interacting Galaxies CY JUL 19-22, 2009 CL E Tennessee State Univ, Johnson City, TN SP ETSU Off Res & Sponsored Projects, ETSU Friends Astron HO E Tennessee State Univ ID ANTENNAE GALAXIES AB One trademark of gas rich galaxy mergers is a firestorm of star formation. Many (and possibly most) of the stars in these systems form in compact star clusters, some of which reach extremely high masses. The spectacular images returned by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) allow us to detect and study star clusters in nearby mergers in detail. We summarize recent results on the cluster systems in four nearby mergers: the Antennae, NGC 520, NGC 2623, and NGC 3256, based on multi-band imaging taken with HST. C1 [Chandar, Rupali] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Rothberg, Barry] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chandar, R (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-726-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 423 BP 116 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BSM97 UT WOS:000284979300022 ER PT B AU Rothberg, B Fischer, J AF Rothberg, B. Fischer, J. BE Smith, BJ Bastian, N Higdon, SJU Higdon, JL TI The Impact of Stellar Populations on the Dynamics of Merger Remnants SO GALAXY WARS: STELLAR POPULATIONS AND STAR FORMATION IN INTERACTING GALAXIES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Galaxy Wars: Stellar Populations and Star Formation in Interacting Galaxies CY JUL 19-22, 2009 CL E Tennessee State Univ, Johnson City, TN SP ETSU Off Res & Sponsored Projects, ETSU Friends Astron HO E Tennessee State Univ ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; MERGING GALAXIES; ARP 220; GAS; STARBURSTS AB Many studies and simulations suggest gas-rich mergers do not contribute significantly to the overall star-formation rate and total mass function of galaxies. The velocity dispersions (sigma) of Luminous & Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies measured using the 1.62 or 2.29 mu m CO bandheads imply they will form m < m* ellipticals. Yet, sigma's obtained with the Calcium II triplet (CaT) at 0.85 mu m suggest all types of mergers will form m > m* ellipticals. Presented here are recent results, based on high-resolution imaging and multi-wavelength spectroscopy, which demonstrate the dominance of a nuclear disk of Red Supergiants (RSG) or Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars in the near-infrared bands, where dust obscuration does not sufficiently block their signatures. The presence of these stars severely biases the dynamical mass. At I-band, where dust can sufficiently block RSG or AGB stars, LIRGs populate the Fundamental Plane over a large dynamic range and are virtually indistinguishable from elliptical galaxies. C1 [Rothberg, B.; Fischer, J.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rothberg, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7211,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-726-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 423 BP 351 EP 354 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BSM97 UT WOS:000284979300063 ER PT J AU Chen, PE Cook, C Stewart, AC Nagarajan, N Sommer, DD Pop, M Thomason, B Thomason, MPK Lentz, S Nolan, N Sozhamannan, S Sulakvelidze, A Mateczun, A Du, L Zwick, ME Read, TD AF Chen, Peter E. Cook, Christopher Stewart, Andrew C. Nagarajan, Niranjan Sommer, Dan D. Pop, Mihai Thomason, Brendan Thomason, Maureen P. Kiley Lentz, Shannon Nolan, Nichole Sozhamannan, Shanmuga Sulakvelidze, Alexander Mateczun, Alfred Du, Lei Zwick, Michael E. Read, Timothy D. TI Genomic characterization of the Yersinia genus SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENICITY ISLAND; ENTEROCOLITICA-LIKE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SP-NOV; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; STREPTOCOCCUS-AGALACTIAE; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; INSERTION SEQUENCES; RNA GENES AB Background: New DNA sequencing technologies have enabled detailed comparative genomic analyses of entire genera of bacterial pathogens. Prior to this study, three species of the enterobacterial genus Yersinia that cause invasive human diseases (Yersinia pestis, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and Yersinia enterocolitica) had been sequenced. However, there were no genomic data on the Yersinia species with more limited virulence potential, frequently found in soil and water environments. Results: We used high-throughput sequencing-by-synthesis instruments to obtain 25- to 42-fold average redundancy, whole-genome shotgun data from the type strains of eight species: Y. aldovae, Y. bercovieri, Y. frederiksenii, Y. kristensenii, Y. intermedia, Y. mollaretii, Y. rohdei, and Y. ruckeri. The deepest branching species in the genus, Y. ruckeri, causative agent of red mouth disease in fish, has the smallest genome (3.7 Mb), although it shares the same core set of approximately 2,500 genes as the other members of the species, whose genomes range in size from 4.3 to 4.8 Mb. Yersinia genomes had a similar global partition of protein functions, as measured by the distribution of Cluster of Orthologous Groups families. Genome to genome variation in islands with genes encoding functions such as ureases, hydrogeneases and B-12 cofactor metabolite reactions may reflect adaptations to colonizing specific host habitats. Conclusions: Rapid high-quality draft sequencing was used successfully to compare pathogenic and nonpathogenic members of the Yersinia genus. This work underscores the importance of the acquisition of horizontally transferred genes in the evolution of Y. pestis and points to virulence determinants that have been gained and lost on multiple occasions in the history of the genus. C1 [Chen, Peter E.; Cook, Christopher; Stewart, Andrew C.; Thomason, Brendan; Thomason, Maureen P. Kiley; Lentz, Shannon; Nolan, Nichole; Sozhamannan, Shanmuga; Mateczun, Alfred; Zwick, Michael E.; Read, Timothy D.] USN, Biol Def Res Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Nagarajan, Niranjan; Sommer, Dan D.; Pop, Mihai] Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Sci, Ctr Bioinformat & Computat Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sulakvelidze, Alexander] Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Coll Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Sulakvelidze, Alexander] Univ Florida, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Coll Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Du, Lei] 454 Life Sci Inc, Branford, CT 06405 USA. [Zwick, Michael E.; Read, Timothy D.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Read, Timothy D.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Read, TD (reprint author), USN, Biol Def Res Directorate, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM tread@emory.edu RI Read, Timothy/E-6240-2011; Pop, Mihai/A-7987-2013 OI Pop, Mihai/0000-0001-9617-5304 FU Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (JSTO-CBD), Defense Threat Reduction Agency Initiative [TMTI0068_07_NM_T] FX We would like to thank Ayra Akmal, Kim Bishop-Lilly, Mike Cariaso, Brian Osborne, Bill Klimke, Tim Welch, Jennifer Tsai, Cheryl Timms Strauss and members of the 454 Service Center for their help and advice in completing this manuscript. This work was supported by grant TMTI0068_07_NM_T from the Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (JSTO-CBD), Defense Threat Reduction Agency Initiative to TDR. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the US Department of the Navy, US Department of Defense, or the US Government. Some of the authors are employees of the US Government, and this work was prepared as part of their official duties. Title 17 USC 105 provides that 'Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government.' Title 17 USC 101 defines a US Government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employee of the US Government as part of that person's official duties. NR 106 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 15 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1465-6906 EI 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2010 VL 11 IS 1 AR R1 DI 10.1186/gb-2010-11-1-r1 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 580FS UT WOS:000276433600006 PM 20047673 ER EF