FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Sciolla, A Ziajko, LA Salguero, ML AF Sciolla, Andres Ziajko, Lauretta A. Salguero, Mario L. TI Sexual Health Competence of International Medical Graduate Psychiatric Residents in the United States SO ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID UNANNOUNCED STANDARDIZED PATIENTS; EROTIC PLASTICITY; HONG-KONG; ATTITUDES; BEHAVIORS; STUDENTS; CULTURE; PHYSICIANS; KNOWLEDGE; DYSFUNCTION AB Objective: Currently in the United States, more than one in three psychiatric residents are international medical graduates (IMGs). In light of forecasts of physician shortages, this proportion is likely to continue growing. Although central to psychiatric care, sexual health competence levels of IMGs may be lower than those of U. S. graduates. Methods: The authors conducted a nonsystematic review of the literature and online data to establish the learning needs of IMGs in this area. Results: Data on five areas are summarized: demographic and sociocultural data of IMGs in the United States; the need for sexual medicine competence for practicing psychiatrists; how sexual health is currently taught in foreign medical schools; attitudes toward sexuality and sexual problems among physicians and patients of different cultures; and the management of sexual issues, including sexual boundaries, by IMGs. Conclusion: The authors found evidence suggesting that IMGs from areas most culturally dissimilar to the United States are likely to benefit from sexual medicine curricula in the context of cultural competence training. The diversity and resilience of IMGs are emphasized. Implications for immediate training and future research are outlined. C1 [Sciolla, Andres; Salguero, Mario L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Ziajko, Lauretta A.] Outpatient Mental Hlth Clin, San Diego, CA USA. [Ziajko, Lauretta A.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Sciolla, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, 9500 Gilman Dr,9116-A, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM asciolla@ucsd.edu NR 72 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 1042-9670 J9 ACAD PSYCHIATR JI Acad. Psych. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 34 IS 5 BP 361 EP 368 PG 8 WC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry SC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry GA 648FL UT WOS:000281675700011 PM 20833907 ER PT J AU Rakvic, R Cai, Q Gonzalez, J Magklis, G Chaparro, P Gonzalez, A AF Rakvic, R. Cai, Q. Gonzalez, J. Magklis, G. Chaparro, P. Gonzalez, A. TI Thread-Management Techniques to Maximize Efficiency in Multicore and Simultaneous Multithreaded Microprocessors SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON ARCHITECTURE AND CODE OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE Design; Performance; Meeting point thread characterization; critical threads; thread delaying; thread balancing; multi-threaded application; microarchitecture; low-power; energy-aware AB We provide an analysis of thread-management techniques that increase performance or reduce energy in multicore and Simultaneous Multithreaded (SMT) cores. Thread delaying reduces energy consumption by running the core containing the critical thread at maximum frequency while scaling down the frequency and voltage of the cores containing noncritical threads. In this article, we provide an insightful breakdown of thread delaying on a simulated multi-core microprocessor. Thread balancing improves overall performance by giving higher priority to the critical thread in the issue queue of an SMT core. We provide a detailed breakdown of performance results for thread-balancing, identifying performance benefits and limitations. For those benchmarks where a performance benefit is not possible, we introduce a novel thread-balancing mechanism on an SMT core that can reduce energy consumption. We have performed a detailed study on an Intel microprocessor simulator running parallel applications. Thread delaying can reduce energy consumption by 4% to 44% with negligible performance loss. Thread balancing can increase performance by 20% or can reduce energy consumption by 23%. C1 [Rakvic, R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Cai, Q.; Gonzalez, J.; Magklis, G.; Chaparro, P.; Gonzalez, A.] Intel Labs UPC, Barcelona, Spain. RP Rakvic, R (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM rakvic@usna.edu RI Gonzalez, Antonio/I-2961-2014 OI Gonzalez, Antonio/0000-0002-0009-0996 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1544-3566 EI 1544-3973 J9 ACM T ARCHIT CODE OP JI ACM Trans. Archit. Code Optim. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 7 IS 2 AR 9 DI 10.1145/1839667.1839671 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 661XA UT WOS:000282764900004 ER PT J AU Prasuhn, DE Feltz, A Blanco-Canosa, JB Susumu, K Stewart, MH Mei, BC Yakovlev, AV Loukov, C Mallet, JM Oheim, M Dawson, PE Medintz, IL AF Prasuhn, Duane E. Feltz, Anne Blanco-Canosa, Juan B. Susumu, Kimihiro Stewart, Michael H. Mei, Bing C. Yakovlev, Aleksey V. Loukov, Christina Mallet, Jean-Maurice Oheim, Martin Dawson, Philip E. Medintz, Igor L. TI Quantum Dot Peptide Biosensors for Monitoring Caspase 3 Proteolysis and Calcium Ions SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE quantum dot; nanocrystal; biosensor; protease; calcium; FRET; indicator; caspase 3; fluorescence; energy transfer; dye ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; CLICK CHEMISTRY; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; TERMINAL ALKYNES; DRUG-DELIVERY; PROTEINS; APOPTOSIS; NANOCRYSTALS; NANOSENSOR; DIAGNOSIS AB The nanoscale size and unique optical properties of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have made them attractive as central photoluminescent scaffolds for a variety of biosensing platforms. In this report we functionalize QDs with dye-labeled peptides using two different linkage chemistries to yield Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based sensors capable of monitoring either enzymatic activity or ionic presence. The first sensor targets the proteolytic activity of caspase 3, a key downstream effector of apoptosis. This QD conjugate utilized carbodiimide chemistry to covalently link dye-labeled peptide substrates to the terminal carboxyl groups on the QD's surface hydrophilic ligands in a quantitative manner. Caspase 3 cleaved the peptide substrate and disrupted QD donor-dye acceptor FRET providing signal transduction of enzymatic activity and allowing derivation of relevant Michaelis-Menten kinetic descriptors. The second sensor was designed to monitor Ca2+ ions that are ubiquitous in many biological processes. For this sensor, Cu+-catalyzed [3 + 2] azide-alkyne cycloaddition was exploited to attach a recently developed azide-functionalized CalciumRuby-CI indicator dye to a cognate alkyne group present on the terminus of a modified peptide. The labeled peptide also expressed a polyhistidine sequence, which facilitated its subsequent metal-affinity coordination to the QD surface establishing the final FRET sensing construct. Adding exogenous Ca2+ to the sensor solution increased the dyes fluorescence, altering the donor-acceptor emission ratio and manifested a dissociation constant similar to that of the native dye. These results highlight the potential for combining peptides with QDs using different chemistries to create sensors for monitoring chemical compounds and biological processes. C1 [Prasuhn, Duane E.; Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro; Stewart, Michael H.; Mei, Bing C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Feltz, Anne; Yakovlev, Aleksey V.] CNRS, UMR 8197, INSERUM, U1024,Inst Biol,Ecole Normal Super,IBENS, F-75005 Paris, France. [Loukov, Christina; Mallet, Jean-Maurice] CNRS, UMR, Dept Chim, ENS, F-75005 Paris, France. [Oheim, Martin] Univ Paris 05, Lab Neurophysiol & New Microscopies, F-75006 Paris, France. [Oheim, Martin] INSERM, U603, F-75006 Paris, France. [Oheim, Martin] CNRS, UMR8154, F-75006 Paris, France. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil RI Mallet, Jean-Maurice/H-2113-2011; Yakovlev, Aleksey/M-4429-2013 OI Mallet, Jean-Maurice/0000-0001-8570-9542; FU CB Directorate/Physical S&T Division DTRA/ARO; ONR; NRL; NRL-NSI; French Agence National de la Recherche [ANR PNANO 05-051, ANR P3N 09-044-02] FX The authors thank H. Mattoussi and acknowledge the CB Directorate/Physical S&T Division DTRA/ARO, ONR, NRL, and the NRL-NSI for financial support. D.E.P is supported by an American Society for Engineering Education Fellowship through NRL. A.F., J.-M.M., and M.O. received funding from the French Agence National de la Recherche (ANR PNANO 05-051, ANR P3N 09-044-02). J.B.B.-C acknowledges a Marie Curie IOF. NR 61 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 8 U2 119 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD SEP PY 2010 VL 4 IS 9 BP 5487 EP 5497 DI 10.1021/nn1016132 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 653TY UT WOS:000282121000066 PM 20822159 ER PT J AU Knipling, KE Karnesky, RA Lee, CP Dunand, DC Seidman, DN AF Knipling, Keith E. Karnesky, Richard A. Lee, Constance P. Dunand, David C. Seidman, David N. TI Precipitation evolution in Al-0.1Sc, Al-0.1Zr and Al-0.1Sc-0.1Zr (at.%) alloys during isochronal aging SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Aluminum alloys; Precipitation; Scandium; Zirconium; Atom-probe tomography ID AL-SC ALLOYS; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; ELECTRODE ATOM PROBES; LI SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ZR-TI ALLOYS; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; AL(SC) ALLOYS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; TEMPORAL EVOLUTION AB Precipitation strengthening is investigated in binary Al-0.1Sc, Al-0.1Zr and ternary Al-0.1Sc-0.1Zr (at.%) alloys aged isochronally between 200 and 600 degrees C. Precipitation of Al(3)Sc (L1(2)) commences between 200 and 250 degrees C in Al-0.1Sc, reaching a 670 MPa peak microhardness at 325 degrees C. For Al-0.1Zr, precipitation of Al(3)Zr (L1(2)) initiates between 350 and 375 degrees C, resulting in a 420 MPa peak microhardness at 425-450 degrees C. A pronounced synergistic effect is observed when both Sc and Zr are present. Above 325 degrees C, Zr additions provide a secondary strength increase from the precipitation of Zr-enriched outer shells onto the Al(3)Sc precipitates, leading to a peak microhardness of 780 MPa at 400 degrees C for Al-0.1Sc-0.1Zr. Compositions, radii, volume fractions and number densities of the Al(3)(Sc(1-x)Zr(x)) precipitates are measured directly using atom-probe tomography. This information is used to quantify the observed strengthening increments, attributed to dislocation shearing of the Al(3)(Sc(1-x)Zr(x)) precipitates. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Knipling, Keith E.] USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Knipling, Keith E.; Karnesky, Richard A.; Lee, Constance P.; Dunand, David C.; Seidman, David N.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Karnesky, Richard A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Seidman, David N.] NUCAPT, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Knipling, KE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM knipling@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Seidman, David/B-6697-2009; Dunand, David/B-7515-2009; Karnesky, Richard/D-1649-2010; OI Karnesky, Richard/0000-0003-4717-457X; Dunand, David/0000-0001-5476-7379 FU US Department of Energy, Basic Sciences Division [DE-FG02-02ER45997, DE-FG02-98ER45721]; NSF [DMR-0420532]; ONR-DURIP [N00014-0400798] FX This research is supported by the US Department of Energy, Basic Sciences Division, under contracts DE-FG02-02ER45997 and DE-FG02-98ER45721. APT measurements were performed at the Northwestern University Center for Atom-Probe Tomography (NUCAPT), using a LEAP tomograph purchased with funding from the NSF-MRI (DMR-0420532, Dr. Charles Bouldin, monitor) and ONR-DURIP (N00014-0400798, Dr. Julie Christodoulou, monitor) programs. We are pleased to acknowledge Profs. Morris Fine and Dieter Isheim (Northwestern University) for useful discussions. NR 96 TC 101 Z9 113 U1 5 U2 54 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 58 IS 15 BP 5184 EP 5195 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.05.054 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 634HD UT WOS:000280570500027 ER PT J AU Rowenhorst, DJ Lewis, AC Spanos, G AF Rowenhorst, D. J. Lewis, A. C. Spanos, G. TI Three-dimensional analysis of grain topology and interface curvature in a beta-titanium alloy SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE 3-D serial sectioning; Grain growth; Grain morphology ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; FIELD MODEL; GROWTH LAW; DIMENSIONS AB While considerable efforts have been made to model the effects of grain coarsening, there has been little experimental verification of these models. Using serial sectioning techniques, the full 3-D morphology of 2098 beta-titanium grains in Ti-21S are analyzed and directly compared to grain coarsening theories. The experimental grain size distribution and the distribution in the number of grain faces are shown to have a close comparison to the predictions of the steady-state size distribution from a number of simulations and analytical theories. The geometric factor of the growth rates is determined by measuring the mean curvature of the grain faces. It is found that, on average, the grains with an average of 15.5 faces have a zero integral mean curvature of the grain faces, higher than the predicted value of 13.4 faces. This difference is suggested to be due to the non-random nearest-neighbor effects within the grain network. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Rowenhorst, D. J.; Lewis, A. C.; Spanos, G.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rowenhorst, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6350,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.rowenhorst@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research/DARPA FX The authors greatly acknowledge the financial support of Office of Naval Research/DARPA under the D 3-D Digital Structures program. The authors also would like to thank Sukbin Lee and Anthony Rollett at Carnegie Mellon University for the generous use of the 3MC surface meshing code. D.J.R. and G.S. would also like to acknowledge extremely useful discussions with M.E. Glicksman. NR 39 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 58 IS 16 BP 5511 EP 5519 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.06.030 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 643SL UT WOS:000281318900029 ER PT J AU Booth-Kewley, S Larson, GE Highfill-McRoy, RM Garland, CF Gaskin, TA AF Booth-Kewley, Stephanie Larson, Gerald E. Highfill-McRoy, Robyn M. Garland, Cedric F. Gaskin, Thomas A. TI Factors Associated With Antisocial Behavior in Combat Veterans SO AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE antisocial behavior; post-traumatic stress disorder; combat deployment; mental health ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; WAR ZONE STRESSORS; VIETNAM VETERANS; MENTAL-HEALTH; INTERNALIZING SUBTYPES; SYMPTOMS; IRAQ; DEPLOYMENT; EXPOSURE AB The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with antisocial behavior in 1,543 Marines who deployed to combat zones in support of conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan during 2002-2007. Five factors were associated with antisocial behavior in multivariate analyses: post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, deployment-related stressors, combat exposure, younger age, and being divorced. PTSD symptoms had a stronger association with antisocial behavior than any other variable. A unique and important finding of this study was the association between deployment-related stressors and a higher incidence of antisocial behavior. Because deployment-related stressors are potentially modifiable, the military may be able to address them in concrete ways such as by shortening deployments and improving communication with home. Aggr. Behav. 36:330-337, 2010. Published 2010 by Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 [Booth-Kewley, Stephanie] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Garland, Cedric F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Garland, Cedric F.] Moores UCSD Canc Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. [Gaskin, Thomas A.] US Marine Corps, Combat Operat Stress Control, Headquarters, Quantico, VA USA. RP Booth-Kewley, S (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM stephanie.kewley@med.navy.mil FU Headquarters, Marine Corps (Combat Operational Stress Control) FX Grant sponsor: Headquarters, Marine Corps (Combat Operational Stress Control).; This study was funded by Headquarters, Marine Corps (Combat Operational Stress Control), under Work Unit 60518 at Naval Health Research Center. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0096-140X J9 AGGRESSIVE BEHAV JI Aggressive Behav. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 36 IS 5 BP 330 EP 337 DI 10.1002/ab.20355 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA 641MS UT WOS:000281131500006 PM 20626042 ER PT J AU Perfetto, P Siddiqui, D Niederhauser, A Magann, EF Hill, J Chauhan, SP AF Perfetto, Patricia Siddiqui, Danish Niederhauser, Amy Magann, Everett F. Hill, James Chauhan, Suneet P. TI American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Practice Bulletins: Original versus Revised SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Practice bulletin; national guidelines; levels of recommendations; types of references AB We compared the types (A, B, or C) of recommendations and levels (I, II, III, or others) of references in the original versus revised practice bulletins (PBs). American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) compendiums and Web site were used to obtain the PBs. Chi-square test for trend or Wilcoxon matched-pairs tests were used. From December 1998 to December 2008, ACOG published 78 PBs, of which 24% (19) have been revised. Neither the median numbers of recommendations per PB (8 to 10; p = 0.235) nor the type (p = 0.155) increased significantly. Additionally, the level of references (p = 0.130) and the type of journals they were published in did not vary significantly (p = 0.554). In 10 years, approximately one in four PBs has been revised and the number of recommendations per PB has increased, but the types of suggestions and level of references has not improved appreciably. C1 [Perfetto, Patricia; Siddiqui, Danish; Chauhan, Suneet P.] Aurora Hlth Care, Milwaukee, WI USA. [Niederhauser, Amy; Magann, Everett F.; Hill, James] Naval Hosp, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Chauhan, SP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 945 N 12th St, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. EM suneet.chauhan@aurora.org NR 51 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0735-1631 J9 AM J PERINAT JI Am. J. Perinatol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 27 IS 8 BP 611 EP 618 DI 10.1055/s-0030-1249363 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 637GE UT WOS:000280804100004 PM 20195953 ER PT J AU Knapik, JJ Trone, DW Swedler, DI Villasenor, A Bullock, SH Schmied, E Bockelman, T Han, P Jones, BH AF Knapik, Joseph J. Trone, Daniel W. Swedler, David I. Villasenor, Adriana Bullock, Steve H. Schmied, Emily Bockelman, Timothy Han, Peggy Jones, Bruce H. TI Injury Reduction Effectiveness of Assigning Running Shoes Based on Plantar Shape in Marine Corps Basic Training SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE physical fitness; physical activity; tobacco use; prior injury; demographics; menstrual dysfunction ID LOWER-EXTREMITY INJURY; MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE; US NAVY; MILITARY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION; RECOMMENDATIONS; RECRUITS; RATES; ARMY AB Background: Shoe manufacturers market motion control, stability, and cushioned shoes for plantar shapes defined as low, normal, and high, respectively. This assignment procedure is presumed to reduce injuries by compensating for differences in running mechanics. Hypothesis: Assigning running shoes based on plantar shape will not reduce injury risk in Marine Corps basic training. Study Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: After foot examinations, Marine Corps recruits in an experimental group (E: 408 men, 314 women) were provided motion control, stability, or cushioned shoes for plantar shapes indicative of low, medium, or high arches, respectively. A control group (C: 432 men, 257 women) received a stability shoe regardless of plantar shape. Injuries during the 12 weeks of training were determined from outpatient visits obtained from the Defense Medical Surveillance System. Other known injury risk factors (eg, fitness, smoking, prior physical activity) were obtained from a questionnaire, existing databases, or the training units. Results: Cox regression indicated little difference in injury risk between the E and C groups among men (hazard ratio [E/C] = 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-1.24) or women (hazard ratio [E/C] = 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.70-1.10). Conclusion: This prospective study demonstrated that assigning shoes based on the shape of the plantar foot surface had little influence on injuries even after considering other injury risk factors. C1 [Knapik, Joseph J.; Bullock, Steve H.; Jones, Bruce H.] USA, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Publ Hlth Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Trone, Daniel W.; Villasenor, Adriana; Schmied, Emily; Han, Peggy] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Swedler, David I.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Bockelman, Timothy] Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Isl, SC USA. RP Knapik, JJ (reprint author), USA, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Publ Hlth Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM joseph.knapik@us.army.mil FU Naval Health Research Center, Work Unit [60626] FX This research was supported by the Naval Health Research Center, Work Unit No. 60626. We express our appreciation to the following members of our research team from the Naval Health Research Center in San Diego, California: Carol Macera, Mitchell Rauh, and Richard Shaffer. Additional thanks are due to James Reading from MCRD, San Diego, California. NR 31 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1759 EP 1767 DI 10.1177/0363546510369548 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 644ZD UT WOS:000281419800003 PM 20576837 ER PT J AU Aguilar, PV Morrison, AC Rocha, C Watts, DM Beingolea, L Suarez, V Vargas, J Cruz, C Guevara, C Montgomery, JM Tesh, RB Kochel, TJ AF Aguilar, Patricia V. Morrison, Amy C. Rocha, Claudio Watts, Douglas M. Beingolea, Luis Suarez, Victor Vargas, Jorge Cruz, Cristhopher Guevara, Carolina Montgomery, Joel M. Tesh, Robert B. Kochel, Tadeusz J. TI Guaroa Virus Infection among Humans in Bolivia and Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID VENEZUELAN-EQUINE-ENCEPHALITIS; ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRUSES; AMAZON BASIN REGION; VIRAL-RNA SEGMENT; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; BUNYAVIRUSES; TRANSMISSION; CULICIDAE; COLOMBIA; DIPTERA AB Guaroa virus (GROV) was first isolated from humans in Colombia in 1959. Subsequent isolates of the virus have been recovered from febrile patients and mosquitoes in Brazil. Colombia. and Panama, however, association of the virus with human disease has been unclear As part of a study on the etiology of febrile illnesses in Peru and Bolivia, 14 GROV strains were isolated from patients with febrile illnesses, and 3 additional cases were confirmed by IgM serocon-version The prevalence rate of GROV antibodies among Iquitos residents was 13%. the highest rates were among persons with occupations such as woodcutters, fisherman, and oil-field workers Genetic characterization of representative GROV isolates indicated that strains from Peru and Bolivia form a monophyletic group that can be distinguished from strains isolated earlier in Brazil and Colombia. This study confirms GROV as a cause of febrile illness in tropical regions of Central and South America C1 [Aguilar, Patricia V.] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Washington, DC 20521 USA. [Watts, Douglas M.] Univ Texas El Paso, Res Off, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Watts, Douglas M.] Univ Texas El Paso, Sponsored Projects, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Morrison, Amy C.; Rocha, Claudio] Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Iquitos, Peru. [Morrison, Amy C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cruz, Cristhopher; Guevara, Carolina; Montgomery, Joel M.; Kochel, Tadeusz J.] Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Beingolea, Luis] Off Epidemiol, Lima, Peru. [Suarez, Victor] NIH, Lima, Peru. [Vargas, Jorge] Ctr Enfermedades Trop, Santa Cruz, CA, Bolivia. RP Aguilar, PV (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, 3230 Lima Place, Washington, DC 20521 USA. RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU United States Department of Defense [847705, 82000, 25GB, B0016]; National Institutes of Health [N01-AI30027] FX The authors thank Roxana Caceda, Alfredo Huaman. Roger Castillo. and Juan Sit lea fat invaluable support We also thank the Peruvian and Bolivian Ministries of Health for supporting the study and the physicians at the study sites for their participation and help This study was funded by the United States Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Systems Research Program Work Unit Number 847705 82000 25GB B0016 The study protocol was approved by the Naval Medical Research Center Institutional Review Board (Protocols NMRCD 2000 0009. NMRCD 2000 0006. and NMRCD 2008 0002) in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects R B T was supported by National Institutes of Health contract N01-AI30027 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 83 IS 3 BP 714 EP 721 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0116 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 645SZ UT WOS:000281487800046 PM 20810845 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ AF Denning, Peter J. TI The Great Principles of Computing SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Innovat & Informat Super, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Innovat & Informat Super, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pjd@nps.edu NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0003-0996 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 98 IS 5 BP 369 EP 372 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 640IW UT WOS:000281045900007 ER PT J AU Swain, MD Anderson, GP Zabetakis, D Bernstein, RD Liu, JL Sherwood, LJ Hayhurst, A Goldman, ER AF Swain, Marla D. Anderson, George P. Zabetakis, Dan Bernstein, Rachael D. Liu, Jinny L. Sherwood, Laura J. Hayhurst, Andrew Goldman, Ellen R. TI Llama-derived single-domain antibodies for the detection of botulinum A neurotoxin SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Single-domain antibody; Botulinum neurotoxin; Camelid; Immunoassay ID TOXIN; FRAGMENTS; ASSAY; STABILITY; BIOSENSOR; FOODS AB Single-domain antibodies (sdAb) specific for botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT A) were selected from an immune llama phage display library derived from a llama that was immunized with BoNT A toxoid. The constructed phage library was panned using two methods: panning on plates coated with BoNT A toxoid (BoNT ATd) and BoNT A complex toxoid (BoNT Ac Td) and panning on microspheres coupled to BoNT A Td and BoNT A toxin (BoNT A Tx). Both panning methods selected for binders that had identical sequences, suggesting that panning on toxoided material may be as effective as panning on bead-immobilized toxin for isolating specific binders. All of the isolated binders tested were observed to recognize bead-immobilized BoNT A Tx in direct binding assays, and showed very little cross-reactivity towards other BoNT serotypes and unrelated protein. Sandwich assays that incorporated selected sdAb as capture and tracer elements demonstrated that all of the sdAb were able to recognize soluble ("live") BoNT A Tx and BoNT Ac Tx with virtually no cross-reactivity with other BoNT serotypes. The isolated sdAb did not exhibit the high degree of thermal stability often associated with these reagents; after the first heating cycle most of the binding activity was lost, but the portion of the protein that did refold and recover antigen-binding activity showed only minimal loss on subsequent heating and cooling cycles. The binding kinetics of selected binders, assessed by both an equilibrium fluid array assay as well as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) using toxoided material, gave dissociation constants (K(D)) in the range 2.2 x 10(-11) to 1.6 x 10(-10) M. These high-affinity binders may prove beneficial to the development of recombinant reagents for the rapid detection of BoNT A, particularly in field screening and monitoring applications. C1 [Swain, Marla D.; Anderson, George P.; Zabetakis, Dan; Liu, Jinny L.; Goldman, Ellen R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bernstein, Rachael D.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Sherwood, Laura J.; Hayhurst, Andrew] SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Virol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA. RP Goldman, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ellen.goldman@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011; OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893; Hayhurst, Andrew/0000-0003-4612-8707 FU JSTO-CBD/DTRA [8.10033_07_NRL_B, HDTRA 1-07-C-0018]; NIH [C06 RR012087] FX Marla D. Swain is a National Research Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Fellow. We thank Tetracore Inc for providing the monoclonal anti-BoNT B antibody. This work was supported by JSTO-CBD/DTRA Project # 8.10033_07_NRL_B, JSTO-CBD/DTRA Contract # HDTRA 1-07-C-0018 and NIH construction grant C06 RR012087. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 398 IS 1 BP 339 EP 348 DI 10.1007/s00216-010-3905-3 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 637HG UT WOS:000280807500027 PM 20582697 ER PT J AU Anderson, GP Bernstein, RD Swain, MD Zabetakis, D Goldman, ER AF Anderson, George P. Bernstein, Rachael D. Swain, Marla D. Zabetakis, Dan Goldman, Ellen R. TI Binding Kinetics of Antiricin Single Domain Antibodies and Improved Detection Using a B Chain Specific Binder SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RICIN; LIBRARY; PLANTS; TOXINS; ABRIN AB Single domain antibodies are the recombinantly expressed binding fragments derived from heavy chain antibodies found in camels and llamas. These unique binding elements offer many desirable properties such as their small size (similar to 15 kDa) and thermal stability, which makes them attractive alternatives to conventional monoclonal antibodies. We created a phage display library from llamas immunized with ricin toxoid and selected a number of single domain antibodies. Phage selected on ricin were found to bind to either ricin A chain or the intact molecule; no ricin B chain binders were identified. By panning on B chain, we identified binders and have characterized their binding to the ricin B chain. While they have a poorer affinity than the previously described A chain binders, it was found that they performed dramatically better as capture reagents for the detection of ricin, providing a limit of detection in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) below 100 pg/mL and excellent specificity for ricin versus the highly related RCA 120 (1 to 10 000). We also reevaluated the previously isolated antiricin single domain antibody binding kinetics using surface plasmon resonance and found their K(d)s matched closely to those previously obtained under equilibrium binding conditions measured using the Luminex flow cytometer. C1 [Anderson, George P.; Swain, Marla D.; Zabetakis, Dan; Goldman, Ellen R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bernstein, Rachael D.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Goldman, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ellen.goldman@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 FU Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense/Defense Threat Reduction Agency [AA06SPO004-014] FX This research was supported by the Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense/Defense Threat Reduction Agency (AA06SPO004-014). Marla D. Swain is a National Research Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Fellow. The opinions expressed here are those of the authors and do not represent those of the US Navy, the US Department of Defense, or the US government. NR 25 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 17 BP 7202 EP 7207 DI 10.1021/ac100961x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 643OI UT WOS:000281306000023 PM 20687583 ER PT J AU Fleming, B AF Fleming, Bruce TI Postmodernism to Post-Crash: The New Ads in the New York Review of Books SO ANTIOCH REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fleming, B (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ANTIOCH REVIEW PI YELLOW SPRINGS PA BOX 148, YELLOW SPRINGS, OH 45387 USA SN 0003-5769 J9 ANTIOCH REV JI Antioch Rev. PD FAL PY 2010 VL 68 IS 4 BP 767 EP 786 PG 20 WC Literary Reviews SC Literature GA 664XH UT WOS:000282996800027 ER PT J AU Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI Tokovinin, A AF Mason, Brian D. Hartkopf, William I. Tokovinin, Andrei TI BINARY STAR ORBITS. IV. ORBITS OF 18 SOUTHERN INTERFEROMETRIC PAIRS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: close; stars: individual (42Cet, 36 Ser, beta Sco, V505 Sgr, 74 Aqr) ID ICCD SPECKLE OBSERVATIONS; BETA SCORPII; VISUAL BINARIES; SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION; HIPPARCOS BINARIES; LUNAR OCCULTATIONS; CD-ROM; SYSTEMS; CATALOG; V505-SAGITTARII AB First orbits are presented for 3 interferometric pairs and revised solutions for 15 others, based in part on first results from a recently initiated program of speckle interferometric observations of neglected southern binaries. Eight of these systems contain additional components, with multiplicity ranging up to 6. C1 [Mason, Brian D.; Hartkopf, William I.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Tokovinin, Andrei] Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile. RP Mason, BD (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM bdm@usno.navy.mil; wih@usno.navy.mil; atokovinin@ctio.noao.edu FU U. S. Naval Observatory FX We are grateful to operators of the SOAR, Blanco, Mayall, and Hooker telescopes for their dedicated and efficient work enabling observations of so many stars per night. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. Thanks are also extended to Ken Johnston, Ralph Gaume, and the U. S. Naval Observatory for their continued support of the Double Star Program. NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 140 IS 3 BP 735 EP 743 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/140/3/735 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 638GT UT WOS:000280882300007 ER PT J AU Roberts, LC Gies, DR Parks, JR Grundstrom, ED McSwain, MV Berger, DH Mason, BD ten Brummelaar, TA Turner, NH AF Roberts, Lewis C., Jr. Gies, Douglas R. Parks, J. Robert Grundstrom, Erika D. McSwain, M. Virginia Berger, David H. Mason, Brian D. ten Brummelaar, Theo A. Turner, Nils H. TI THE MEMBERSHIP AND DISTANCE OF THE OPEN CLUSTER COLLINDER 419 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations: individual (Collinder 419); stars: early-type; stars: individual (HD 193322, IRAS 20161+4035) ID STAR-FORMATION; SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION; INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; HIPPARCOS PARALLAXES; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; OB STARS; CALIBRATION; ISOCHRONES; CATALOG; GIANTS AB The young open cluster Collinder 419 surrounds the massive O star, HD 193322, that is itself a remarkable multiple star system containing at least four components. Here we present a discussion of the cluster distance based upon new spectral classifications of the brighter members, UBV photometry, and an analysis of astrometric and photometric data from the third U. S. Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog and Two Micron All Sky Survey Catalog. We determine an average cluster reddening of E(B - V) = 0.37+/-0.05 mag and a cluster distance of 741+/-36 pc. The cluster probably contains some very young stars that may include a reddened M3 III star, IRAS 20161+4035. C1 [Roberts, Lewis C., Jr.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gies, Douglas R.; Parks, J. Robert] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Grundstrom, Erika D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [McSwain, M. Virginia] Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Berger, David H.] Syst Planning Corp, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. [Mason, Brian D.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [ten Brummelaar, Theo A.; Turner, Nils H.] Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, Mt Wilson, CA 91023 USA. RP Roberts, LC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM lewis.c.roberts@jpl.nasa.gov; gies@chara.gsu.edu; parksj@chara.gsu.edu; erika.grundstrom@vanderbilt.edu; mcswain@lehigh.edu; dberger@sysplan.com; bdm@usno.navy.mil; theo@chara-array.org; nils@chara-array.org OI Grundstrom, Erika/0000-0002-5130-0260 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation; GSU College of Arts and Sciences FX We thank Todd Henry, Adric Riedel, and Russel White for helpful comments about M-star spectra, and we also thank Bill Binkert of the KPNO staff for his assistance at the KPNO Coude Feed Telescope. We are grateful to David Turner for discussions about field contamination by distant massive stars. This publication made use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. It also used images from the Second Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (POSS-II), which was made by the California Institute of Technology with funds from the National Science Foundation, the National Geographic Society, the Sloan Foundation, the Samuel Oschin Foundation, and the Eastman Kodak Corporation. We also made use of the Washington Double Star Catalog, maintained at the U. S. Naval Observatory, and the SIMBADdatabase, operated by theCDS in Strasbourg, France. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant AST-0606861. Institutional support has been provided from the GSU College of Arts and Sciences and from the Research Program Enhancement Fund of the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia, administered through the GSU Office of the Vice President for Research. Aportion of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 140 IS 3 BP 744 EP 752 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/140/3/744 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 638GT UT WOS:000280882300008 ER PT J AU Finch, CT Zacharias, N Henry, TJ AF Finch, Charlie T. Zacharias, Norbert Henry, Todd J. TI UCAC3 PROPER MOTION SURVEY. I. DISCOVERY OF NEW PROPER MOTION STARS IN UCAC3 WITH 0.'' 40 yr(-1) > mu >= 0.'' 18 yr(-1) BETWEEN DECLINATIONS-90 degrees AND-47 degrees SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; solar neighborhood; stars: distances; stars: statistics; surveys ID SUPERCOSMOS SKY SURVEY; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; NEARBY STARS; SOUTHERN SKY; CATALOG; -90-DEGREES; -47-DEGREES; PHOTOMETRY; DWARFS AB This paper presents 442 new proper motion stellar systems in the southern sky between declinations -90 degrees and -47 degrees with 0.'' 40 yr(-1) > mu >= 0.'' 18 yr(-1). These systems constitute a 25.3% increase in new systems for the same region of the sky covered by previous SuperCOSMOS RECONS (SCR) searches that used Schmidt plates as the primary source of discovery. Among the new systems are 25 multiples, plus an additional 7 new common proper motion (CPM) companions to previously known primaries. All stars have been discovered using the third U. S. Naval Observatory (USNO) CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC3). A comparison of the UCAC3 proper motions to those from the Hipparcos, Tycho-2, Southern Proper Motion (SPM4), and SuperCOSMOS efforts is presented and shows that UCAC3 provides similar values and precision to the first three surveys. The comparison between UCAC3 and SuperCOSMOS indicates that proper motions in R. A. are systematically shifted in the SuperCOSMOS data but are consistent in decl. data, while overall showing a significantly higher scatter. Distance estimates are derived for stars having SuperCOSMOS Sky Survey BJ, R59F, and IIVN plate magnitudes and Two-Micron All Sky Survey infrared photometry. We find 15 systems estimated to be within 25 pc, including UPM 1710-5300 our closest new discovery estimated at 13.5 pc. Such new discoveries suggest that more nearby stars are yet to be found in these slower proper motion regimes, indicating that more work is needed to develop a complete map of the solar neighborhood. C1 [Finch, Charlie T.; Zacharias, Norbert] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Henry, Todd J.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. RP Finch, CT (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM finch@usno.navy.mil FU UCAC FX We thank the entire UCAC team for making this proper motion survey possible. Special thanks go out to the RECONS team at Georgia State University for their support, John Subasavage in particular for assistance with the SCR searches, and Nigel Hambly for his work with the SSS. We would also thank all USNO summer students who helped in this survey. This work has made use of the SIMBAD, VizieR, and Aladin databases operated at the CDS in Strasbourg, France. We have also made use of data from the 2MASS, SuperCOSMOS Science Archive and the Southern Proper Motion catalog. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 140 IS 3 BP 844 EP 869 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/140/3/844 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 638GT UT WOS:000280882300016 ER PT J AU Riedel, AR Subasavage, JP Finch, CT Jao, WC Henry, TJ Winters, JG Brown, MA Ianna, PA Costa, E Mendez, RA AF Riedel, Adric R. Subasavage, John P. Finch, Charlie T. Jao, Wei-Chun Henry, Todd J. Winters, Jennifer G. Brown, Misty A. Ianna, Philip A. Costa, Edgardo Mendez, Rene A. TI THE SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD. XXII. PARALLAX RESULTS FROM THE CTIOPI 0.9 m PROGRAM: TRIGONOMETRIC PARALLAXES OF 64 NEARBY SYSTEMS WITH 0.'' 5 <=mu <= 1.'' 0 yr(-1) (SLOWMO SAMPLE) SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; binaries: general; parallaxes; solar neighborhood; stars: low-mass; surveys ID PROPER-MOTION STARS; PHOTOMETRIC STANDARD STARS; M TELESCOPE PROGRAM; SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; RIGHT ASCENSION; COOL NEIGHBORS; SPECTRAL TYPES; SOUTHERN SKY; M-DWARFS; DECLINATION AB We present trigonometric parallaxes of 64 stellar systems with proper motions between 0.'' 5 yr(-1) and 1.'' 0 yr(-1) from the ongoing Research Consortium On Nearby Stars parallax program at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. All of the systems are south of decl. = +30, and 58 had no previous trigonometric parallaxes. In addition to parallaxes for the systems, we present proper motions, Johnson-Kron-Cousins VRI photometry, variability measurements, and spectral types. Nine of the systems are multiple; we present results for their components, three of which are new astrometric detections. Of the 64 systems, 56 are within 25 pc of the Sun and 52 of those are in the southern hemisphere, comprising 5.7% of the total number of known southern 25 pc systems. C1 [Riedel, Adric R.; Jao, Wei-Chun; Henry, Todd J.; Winters, Jennifer G.; Brown, Misty A.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Subasavage, John P.] Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Finch, Charlie T.] USN Observ, Astrometry Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Ianna, Philip A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Costa, Edgardo; Mendez, Rene A.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. RP Riedel, AR (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. EM riedel@chara.gsu.edu; jsubasavage@ctio.noao.edu; finch@usno.navy.mil; jao@chara.gsu.edu; thenry@chara.gsu.edu; winters@chara.gsu.edu; brown@chara.gsu.edu; pai@virginia.edu; costa@das.uchile.cl; rmendez@das.uchile.cl RI Costa, Edgardo /I-5274-2016; Mendez, Rene/H-9496-2015; Mendez, Rene/J-6608-2016 OI Costa, Edgardo /0000-0003-4142-1082; NR 42 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 140 IS 3 BP 897 EP 911 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/140/3/897 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 638GT UT WOS:000280882300020 ER PT J AU Gudel, M Lahuis, F Briggs, KR Carr, J Glassgold, AE Henning, T Najita, JR van Boekel, R van Dishoeck, EF AF Guedel, M. Lahuis, F. Briggs, K. R. Carr, J. Glassgold, A. E. Henning, Th Najita, J. R. van Boekel, R. van Dishoeck, E. F. TI On the origin of [NeII] 12.81 mu m emission from pre-main sequence stars: Disks, jets, and accretion SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars: formation; stars: pre-main sequence; protoplanetary disks ID T-TAURI STARS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; IRRADIATED PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN EMISSION; CO FUNDAMENTAL EMISSION; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; STRUCTURE LINE EMISSION; NEWTON EXTENDED SURVEY; PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA AB Context. Extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray photons from classical T Tauri stars are powerful ionization and heating agents that drive disk chemistry, disk instabilities, and photoevaporative flows. The mid-infrared fine-structure line of [Ne II] at 12.81 mu m has been proposed to trace gas in disk surface layers heated and ionized by stellar X-ray and EUV radiation. Aims. We aim at locating the origin of [Ne II] line emission in circumstellar environments by studying distributions of [Ne II] emission and correlating the inferred [Ne II] luminosities, L([Ne II]), with stellar and circumstellar disk parameters. Methods. We have conducted a study of [Ne II] line emission based on a sample of 92 pre-main sequence stars mostly belonging to the infrared Class II, but including 13 accreting transition disk objects, and also 14 objects that drive known jets and outflows. Results. We find several significant correlations between L([Ne II]) and stellar parameters, in particular L(X) and the wind mass loss rate,. (M) over dot(loss). Most correlations are, however, strongly dominated by systematic scatter of unknown origin. While there is a positive correlation between L([Ne II]) and L(X), the stellar mass accretion rate,. (M) over dot(acc), induces a correlation only if we combine the largely different subsets of jet sources and stars without jets. Our results indeed suggest that L([Ne II]) is bi-modally distributed, with separate distributions for the two subsamples. The jet sources show systematically higher L([Ne II]), by 1-2 orders of magnitude with respect to objects without jets. Jet-driving stars also tend to show higher mass accretion rates. We therefore hypothesize that the trend with. (M) over dot(acc) only reflects a trend with (M) over dot(loss) that is more physically relevant for [Ne II] emission. Conclusions. The [Ne II] luminosities measured for objects without known outflows and jets are found to agree with simplified calculations of [Ne II] emission from disk surface layers if the measured stellar X-rays are responsible for heating and ionizing the gas. The large scatter in L([Ne II]) may be introduced by variations of disk properties and the irradiation spectrum, as previously suggested. If these additional factors can be sufficiently well constrained, then the [Ne II] 12.81 mu m line should be an important diagnostic for disk surface ionization and heating, at least in the inner disk region. This applies in particular to transition disks also included in our sample. The systematically enhanced [Ne II] flux from jet sources clearly suggests a role for the jets themselves, as previously demonstrated by a spatially resolved observation of the outflow system in the T Tau triple. C1 [Guedel, M.] Univ Vienna, Dept Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Guedel, M.; Briggs, K. R.] ETH, Inst Astron, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Guedel, M.; Henning, Th; van Boekel, R.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Guedel, M.; Lahuis, F.; van Dishoeck, E. F.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lahuis, F.] Univ Groningen, SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Carr, J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Glassgold, A. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Najita, J. R.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [van Dishoeck, E. F.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys MPE, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Gudel, M (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Dept Astron, Turkenschanzstr 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. EM manuel.guedel@univie.ac.at RI Guedel, Manuel/C-8486-2015 OI Guedel, Manuel/0000-0001-9818-0588 FU NASA [NNX07AU30G, NAS8-03060]; ESA; USA (NASA); US National Science Foundation FX We thank an anomymous referee for helpful comments that improved our paper. M. G. thanks the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (Heidelberg, Germany), and Leiden Observatory/Leiden University (Leiden, NL), for support during his Sabbatical visit when the study presented here was started. This work is based [in part] on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. It is also partly based on observations obtained with XMM-Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA member states and the USA (NASA). The Chandra X-Ray Observatory Center is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of NASA under contract NAS8-03060. Some X-ray data used for the present work were obtained in the framework of projects supported by NASA grant NNX07AU30G. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by NASA and the US National Science Foundation. We have also made use of the ASURV statistical software package maintained by Penn State. NR 127 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 519 AR A113 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200913971 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 668UQ UT WOS:000283297300113 ER PT J AU Ojha, R Kadler, M Bock, M Booth, R Dutka, MS Edwards, PG Fey, AL Fuhrmann, L Gaume, RA Hase, H Horiuchi, S Jauncey, DL Johnston, KJ Katz, U Lister, M Lovell, JEJ Muller, C Plotz, C Quick, JFH Ros, E Taylor, GB Thompson, DJ Tingay, SJ Tosti, G Tzioumis, AK Wilms, J Zensus, JA AF Ojha, R. Kadler, M. Boeck, M. Booth, R. Dutka, M. S. Edwards, P. G. Fey, A. L. Fuhrmann, L. Gaume, R. A. Hase, H. Horiuchi, S. Jauncey, D. L. Johnston, K. J. Katz, U. Lister, M. Lovell, J. E. J. Mueller, C. Ploetz, C. Quick, J. F. H. Ros, E. Taylor, G. B. Thompson, D. J. Tingay, S. J. Tosti, G. Tzioumis, A. K. Wilms, J. Zensus, J. A. TI TANAMI: tracking active galactic nuclei with austral milliarcsecond interferometry I. First-epoch 8.4GHz images SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; galaxies: nuclei; gamma rays: observations; quasars: general ID SOUTHERN RADIO-SOURCES; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; GIGAHERTZ-PEAKED SPECTRUM; LACERTAE OBJECT PKS-2005-489; HEMISPHERE ICRF SOURCES; PARSEC-SCALE STRUCTURE; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; BLAZAR PKS 0537-441; VLBI OBSERVATIONS; EGRET OBSERVATIONS AB Context. A number of theoretical models vie to explain the gamma-ray emission from active galactic nuclei (AGN). This was a key discovery of EGRET. With its broader energy coverage, higher resolution, wider field of view and greater sensitivity, the Large Area Telescope (LAT) of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is dramatically increasing our knowledge of AGN gamma-ray emission. However, discriminating between competing theoretical models requires quasi-simultaneous observations across the electromagnetic spectrum. By resolving the powerful parsec-scale relativistic outflows in extragalactic jets and thereby allowing us to measure critical physical properties, Very Long Baseline Interferometry observations are crucial to understanding the physics of extragalactic gamma-ray objects. Aims. We introduce the TANAMI program (Tracking Active Galactic Nuclei with Austral Milliarcsecond Interferometry) which is monitoring an initial sample of 43 extragalactic jets located south of -30 degrees declination at 8.4GHz and 22GHz since 2007. All aspects of the program are discussed. First epoch results at 8.4GHz are presented along with physical parameters derived therefrom. Methods. These observations were made during 2007/2008 using the telescopes of the Australian Long Baseline Array in conjunction with Hartebeesthoek in South Africa. These data were correlated at the Swinburne University correlator. Results. We present first epoch images for 43 sources, some observed for the first time at milliarcsecond resolution. Parameters of these images as well as physical parameters derived from them are also presented and discussed. These and subsequent images from the TANAMI survey are available at http://pulsar.sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de/tanami/. Conclusions. We obtain reliable, high dynamic range images of the southern hemisphere AGN. All the quasars and BL Lac objects in the sample have a single-sided radio morphology. Galaxies are either double-sided, single-sided or irregular. About 28% of the TANAMI sample has been detected by LAT during its first three months of operations. Initial analysis suggests that when galaxies are excluded, sources detected by LAT have larger opening angles than those not detected by LAT. Brightness temperatures of LAT detections and non-detections seem to have similar distributions. The redshift distributions of the TANAMI sample and sub-samples are similar to those seen for the bright gamma-ray AGN seen by LAT and EGRET but none of the sources with a redshift above 1.8 have been detected by LAT. C1 [Ojha, R.; Fey, A. L.; Gaume, R. A.; Johnston, K. J.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Ojha, R.] NVI Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Kadler, M.; Boeck, M.; Mueller, C.; Wilms, J.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Astron Inst, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Kadler, M.; Boeck, M.; Katz, U.; Mueller, C.; Wilms, J.] Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Kadler, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kadler, M.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Booth, R.; Quick, J. F. H.] Hartebeesthoek Radio Astron Observ, ZA-1740 Krugersdorp, South Africa. [Dutka, M. S.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Edwards, P. G.; Jauncey, D. L.; Tzioumis, A. K.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Fuhrmann, L.; Ros, E.; Zensus, J. A.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Hase, H.] Univ Concepcion, Germany Entrusted Transportable Integrated Geodet, Bundesamt Kartograph & Geodesie, Concepcion, Chile. [Lister, M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lovell, J. E. J.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Math & Phys, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Ploetz, C.] Geodet Observ Wettzell, Fed Agcy Cartog & Geodesy BKG, D-93444 Bad Kotzting, Germany. [Ros, E.] Univ Valencia, Dept Astron & Astrofis, E-46100 Valencia, Spain. [Taylor, G. B.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Thompson, D. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tingay, S. J.] Curtin Univ Technol, Curtin Inst Radio Astron, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. [Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. RP Ojha, R (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM rojha@usno.navy.mil; matthias.kadler@sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Tingay, Steven/B-5271-2013; Wilms, Joern/C-8116-2013; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Wilms, Joern/0000-0003-2065-5410; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Ros, Eduardo/0000-0001-9503-4892; Kadler, Matthias/0000-0001-5606-6154 FU Commonwealth of Australia; Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA FX We are grateful to Dirk Behrend, Neil Gehrels, Julie McEnery, David Murphy, and John Reynolds, who contributed in numerous ways to the success of the TANAMI program so far. Furthermore, we thank the Fermi/LAT AGN group for the good collaboration. The Long Baseline Array is part of the Australia Telescope which is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. This work made use of the Swinburne University of Technology software correlator, developed as part of the Australian Major National Research Facilities Programme and operated under licence. M. K. has been supported in part by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. We would like to thank the staff of the Swinburne correlator for their unflagging support. This research has made use of data from the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED, operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration); and the SIMBAD database (operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France). This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. This research has made use of the United States Naval Observatory (USNO) Radio Reference Frame Image Database (RRFID). NR 147 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 519 AR A45 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200912724 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 668UQ UT WOS:000283297300045 ER PT J AU Valori, G Kliem, B Torok, T Titov, VS AF Valori, G. Kliem, B. Toeroek, T. Titov, V. S. TI Testing magnetofrictional extrapolation with the Titov-Demoulin model of solar active regions SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE magnetic fields; Sun: corona; Sun: surface magnetism ID CORONAL MAGNETIC-FIELD; FORCE-FREE FIELD; VECTOR MAGNETOGRAPH DATA; QUASI-SEPARATRIX LAYERS; HYPERBOLIC FLUX TUBES; NON-CONSTANT-ALPHA; KINK INSTABILITY; MASS EJECTIONS; ROPE; EQUILIBRIUM AB We examine the nonlinear magnetofrictional extrapolation scheme using the solar active region model by Titov and Demoulin as test field. This model consists of an arched, line-tied current channel held in force-free equilibrium by the potential field of a bipolar flux distribution in the bottom boundary. A modified version with a parabolic current density profile is employed here. We find that the equilibrium is reconstructed with very high accuracy in a representative range of parameter space, using only the vector field in the bottom boundary as input. Structural features formed in the interface between the flux rope and the surrounding arcade - "hyperbolic flux tube" and "bald patch separatrix surface" - are reliably reproduced, as are the flux rope twist and the energy and helicity of the configuration. This demonstrates that force-free fields containing these basic structural elements of solar active regions can be obtained by extrapolation. The influence of the chosen initial condition on the accuracy of reconstruction is also addressed, confirming that the initial field that best matches the external potential field of the model quite naturally leads to the best reconstruction. Extrapolating the magnetogram of a Titov-Demoulin equilibrium in the unstable range of parameter space yields a sequence of two opposing evolutionary phases, which clearly indicate the unstable nature of the configuration: a partial buildup of the flux rope with rising free energy is followed by destruction of the rope, losing most of the free energy. C1 [Valori, G.; Toeroek, T.] Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC, CNRS, Observ Paris,LESIA, F-92190 Meudon, France. [Kliem, B.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. [Kliem, B.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Kliem, B.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Titov, V. S.] Predict Sci Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Valori, G (reprint author), Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC, CNRS, Observ Paris,LESIA, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France. EM gherardo.valori@obspm.fr OI Valori, Gherardo/0000-0001-7809-0067 FU DFG; STFC; NASA [NNH06AD58I, NNX08AG44G]; European Commission [218816, MTRM-CT-2006-035484]; Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (NSF Science and Technology Center); Star; SRT FX We thank G. Aulanier and the referee for constructive comments. This work was supported by the DFG, an STFC Rolling Grant, and by NASA grants NNH06AD58I and NNX08AG44G. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under the grant agreement No. 218816 (SOTERIA project, www.soteria-space.eu). Funding from the European Comission through the SOLAIRE network (MTRM-CT-2006-035484) is also gratefully acknowledged. The contribution of V. S. Titov was supported by NASA's Heliophysics Theory, Living With a Star, and SR&T programs, and the Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (an NSF Science and Technology Center). NR 70 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 519 AR A44 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014416 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 668UQ UT WOS:000283297300044 ER PT J AU Ardo, AA Ajello, M Antolini, E Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Baring, MG Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Camilo, F Caraveo, PA Celik, O Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cognard, I Cohen-Tanugi, J Dermer, CD De Palma, F Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Favuzzi, C Ferrara, EC Fortin, P Frailis, M Freire, PCC Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gehrels, N Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hays, E Johannesson, G Johnson, RP Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Johnston, S Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Keith, M Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kramer, M Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lee, SH Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lubrano, P Makeev, A Manchester, RN Marelli, M Mazziotta, MN Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Mnzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakamori, T Nolan, PL Norris, JP Noutos, A Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Okumura, A Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Raino, S Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Rirken, J Romani, RW Sadrozinski, HFW Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Theureau, G Thompson, DJ Thorsett, SE Tibaldo, L Tibolla, O Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vasileiou, V Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Weltevrede, P Winer, BL Yang, Z Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Ardo, A. A. Ajello, M. Antolini, E. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Baring, M. G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Camilo, F. Caraveo, P. A. Celik, Oe Chekhtman, A. . Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cognard, I. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Dermer, C. D. De Palma, F. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Favuzzi, C. Ferrara, E. C. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Freire, P. C. C. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hays, E. Johannesson, G. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Johnston, S. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Keith, M. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kramer, M. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lee, S. -H. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lubrano, P. Makeev, A. Manchester, R. N. Marelli, M. Mazziotta, M. N. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Mnzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakamori, T. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Noutos, A. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Okumura, A. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Raino, S. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Rirken, J. Romani, R. W. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Theureau, G. Thompson, D. J. Thorsett, S. E. Tibaldo, L. Tibolla, O. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Vasileiou, V. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Weltevrede, P. Winer, B. L. Yang, Z. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF GAMMA-RAY PULSARS PSR J1057-5226, J1709-4429, AND J1952+3252 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: stars; pulsars: individual (PSR J1057-5226, PSR J1709-4429, and PSR J1952+3252) ID HIGH-ENERGY; X-RAY; LIGHT CURVES; SPACE-TELESCOPE; RADIO PULSARS; SOUTHERN PULSARS; WIND NEBULAE; VELA PULSAR; EMISSION; RADIATION AB The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data have confirmed the pulsed emission from all six high-confidence gamma-ray pulsars previously known from the EGRET observations. We report results obtained from the analysis of 13 months of LAT data for three of these pulsars (PSR J1057-5226, PSR J1709-4429, and PSR 11952+3252) each of which had some unique feature among the EGRET pulsars. The excellent sensitivity of LAT allows more detailed analysis of the evolution of the pulse profile with energy and also of the variation of the spectral shape with phase. We measure the cutoff energy of the pulsed emission from these pulsars for the first time and provide a more complete picture of the emission mechanism. The results confirm some, but not all, of the features seen in the EGRET data. C1 [Ardo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A. .; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Makeev, A.; Strickman, M. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ardo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Mnzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Mnzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Antolini, E.; Bonamente, E.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Antolini, E.; Bonamente, E.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Grenier, I. A.] Uiv Paris Diderot, CNRS,CEA IRFU, Lab AIM,Serv Astrophys, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Brigida, M.; De Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; De Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fortin, P.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Camilo, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Caraveo, P. A.; Marelli, M.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe; Ferrara, E. C.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Johnson, T. J.; Moiseev, A. A.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A. .; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] CNRS, LPCE, UMR 6115, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. [Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] CNRS, INSU, Observ Paris, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Caliandro, G. A.; Lott, B.; Torres, D. F.] Univ Bordeaux, CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Gruppo Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Osservatorio Astron Trieste, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Freire, P. C. C.; Guillemot, L.; Kramer, M.; Noutos, A.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Johnson, R. P.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Johnson, R. P.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Johnson, T. J.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Johnson, T. J.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Johnston, S.; Keith, M.; Manchester, R. N.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Kataoka, J.; Nakamori, T.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.] CNRS, UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Kramer, M.; Weltevrede, P.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Okumura, A.; Ozaki, M.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Rirken, J.; Yang, Z.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Rirken, J.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tibolla, O.] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Ardo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ocelik@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; fabio.gargano@ba.infn.it; David.J.Thompson@nasa.gov; reposeur@cenbg.in2p3.fr RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Marelli, Martino/0000-0002-8017-0338; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Thorsett, Stephen/0000-0002-2025-9613; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214 FU International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP); Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France; Commonwealth of Australia FX Partially supported by the International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP) program.; Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France.; This work made extensive use of the ATNF pulsar catalog (Manchester et al. 2005).63; The Parkes radio telescope is part of the Australia Telescope which is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia for operation as a National Facility managed by the CSIRO. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 720 IS 1 BP 26 EP 40 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/720/1/26 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 647DJ UT WOS:000281596000004 ER PT J AU Guieu, S Rebull, LM Stauffer, JR Vrba, FJ Noriega-Crespo, A Spuck, T Moody, TR Sepulveda, B Weehler, C Maranto, A Cole, DM Flagey, N Laher, R Penprase, B Ramirez, S Stolovy, S AF Guieu, S. Rebull, L. M. Stauffer, J. R. Vrba, F. J. Noriega-Crespo, A. Spuck, T. Moody, T. Roelofsen Sepulveda, B. Weehler, C. Maranto, A. Cole, D. M. Flagey, N. Laher, R. Penprase, B. Ramirez, S. Stolovy, S. TI SPITZER OBSERVATIONS OF IC 2118 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared: stars; ISM: clouds; ISM: individual objects (IC 2118); stars: formation; stars: pre-main sequence ID MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; STANDARD STELLAR LIBRARY; TRIGGERED STAR-FORMATION; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; MIDINFRARED PHOTOMETRY; EVOLUTIONARY SYNTHESIS; ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION; INFRARED PROPERTIES; VLBA DETERMINATION AB IC 2118, also known as the Witch Head Nebula, is a wispy, roughly cometary, similar to 5 degree long reflection nebula, and is thought to be a site of triggered star formation. In order to search for new young stellar objects (YSOs), we have observed this region in seven mid- and far-infrared bands using the Spitzer Space Telescope and in four bands in the optical using the U. S. Naval Observatory 40 inch telescope. We find infrared excesses in four of the six previously known T Tauri stars in our combined infrared maps, and we find six entirely new candidate YSOs, one of which may be an edge-on disk. Most of the YSOs seen in the infrared are Class II objects, and they are all in the "head" of the nebula, within the most massive molecular cloud of the region. C1 [Guieu, S.; Rebull, L. M.; Stauffer, J. R.; Noriega-Crespo, A.; Cole, D. M.; Flagey, N.; Laher, R.; Stolovy, S.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Vrba, F. J.] USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Spuck, T.] Oil City Area Senior High Sch, Oil City, PA 16301 USA. [Moody, T. Roelofsen] Bassick High Sch, Bridgeport, CT 06605 USA. [Sepulveda, B.] Lincoln High Sch, Stockton, CA 95207 USA. [Weehler, C.] Luther Burbank High Sch, San Antonio, TX 78204 USA. [Maranto, A.] McDonogh Sch, Owings Mills, MD 21117 USA. [Penprase, B.] Pomona Coll, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Ramirez, S.] IPAC, NASA Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Guieu, S (reprint author), European So Observ, Alonso Cordova 3107,Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile. EM sguieu@eso.org OI Rebull, Luisa/0000-0001-6381-515X FU NASA; Spitzer Research Program for Teachers and Students; National Science Foundation; Space Telescope Science Institute under U.S. Government [NAG W-2166] FX This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. This work was also supported by the Spitzer Research Program for Teachers and Students.; The research described in this paper was partially carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Abstract Service, and of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. This research has made use of data products from the Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS), which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. These data are served by the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research has made use of the Digitized Sky Surveys, which were produced at the Space Telescope Science Institute under U.S. Government grant NAG W-2166. The images of these surveys are based on photographic data obtained using the Oschin Schmidt Telescope on Palomar Mountain and the UK Schmidt Telescope. The plates were processed into the present compressed digital form with the permission of these institutions. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 720 IS 1 BP 46 EP 63 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/720/1/46 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 647DJ UT WOS:000281596000006 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastier, D Baughman, BM Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Bignami, GF Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Brueli, P Burnett, TH Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Dermer, CD de Palma, F Dormody, M Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Edmonds, Y Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Furazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giavitto, G Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hardino, AK Hays, E Hughes, RE Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Makeev, A Marelli, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenk, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Rayi, PS Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Rochester, LS Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Usher, TL Van Etten, A Vasileiou, V Venter, C Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Watters, K Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastier, D. Baughman, B. M. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Bignami, G. F. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Brueli, P. Burnett, T. H. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Dermer, C. D. de Palma, F. Dormody, M. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Edmonds, Y. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Furazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giavitto, G. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hardino, A. K. Hays, E. Hughes, R. E. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Makeev, A. Marelli, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenk, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Rayi, P. S. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Rochester, L. S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Usher, T. L. Van Etten, A. Vasileiou, V. Venter, C. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Watters, K. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI FERMI-LAT OBSERVATIONS OF THE GEMINGA PULSAR SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: stars; pulsars: general; pulsars: individual (PSR J0633+1746, Geminga) ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; GAMMA-RAY PULSARS; PHASE-RESOLVED SPECTRA; SPACE-TELESCOPE; VELA PULSAR; OUTER MAGNETOSPHERE; OPTICAL COUNTERPART; WIND TORI; RADIATION; EMISSION AB We report on the Fermi-LAT observations of the Geminga pulsar, the second brightest non-variable GeV source in the gamma-ray sky and the first example of a radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsar. The observations cover one year, from the launch of the Fermi satellite through 2009 June 15. A data sample of over 60,000 photons enabled us to build a timing solution based solely on gamma-rays. Timing analysis shows two prominent peaks, separated by Delta phi = 0.497 +/- 0.004 in phase, which narrow with increasing energy. Pulsed gamma-rays are observed beyond 18 GeV, precluding emission below 2.7 stellar radii because of magnetic absorption. The phase-averaged spectrum was fitted with a power law with exponential cutoff of spectral index Gamma = (1.30 +/- 0.01 +/- 0.04), cutoff energy E-0 = (2.46 +/- 0.04 +/- 0.17) GeV, and an integral photon flux above 0.1 GeV of (4.14 +/- 0.02 +/- 0.32) x 10(-6) cm(-2) s(-1). The first uncertainties are statistical and the second ones are systematic. The phase-resolved spectroscopy shows a clear evolution of the spectral parameters, with the spectral index reaching a minimum value just before the leading peak and the cutoff energy having maxima around the peaks. The phase-resolved spectroscopy reveals that pulsar emission is present at all rotational phases. The spectral shape, broad pulse profile, and maximum photon energy favor the outer magnetospheric emission scenarios. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Rayi, P. S.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Brez, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Edmonds, Y.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenk, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Labs Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Brez, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Edmonds, Y.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenk, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-156127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS IRFU, Lab AIM,Serv Astrophys, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Giavitto, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Giavitto, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastier, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastier, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Baughman, B. M.; Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bignami, G. F.] IUSS, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] M Merlin Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brueli, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.; Marelli, M.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale Fis Cosm, Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe.; Gehrels, N.; Hardino, A. K.; Hays, E.; Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Meurer, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Dormody, M.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dormody, M.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Coll Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Osservatorio Astron Trieste, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Furazawa, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gasparrini, D.] ASI Sci Date Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Guillemot, L.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] CNRS, UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ozaki, M.; Takahashi, T.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Venter, C.] NW Univ, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dumora@cenbg.in2p3.fr; Fabio.Gargano@ba.infn.it; massimiliano.razzano@pi.infn.it RI Venter, Christo/E-6884-2011; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012 OI Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278; Marelli, Martino/0000-0002-8017-0338; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Venter, Christo/0000-0002-2666-4812; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Bignami, Giovanni/0000-0001-9582-2450; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888 FU K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP); Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France FX Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow, funded by a grant from the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation.; Partially supported by the International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP) program.; The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States; the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. NR 64 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 720 IS 1 BP 272 EP 283 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/720/1/272 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 647DJ UT WOS:000281596000025 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Antolini, E Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Baughman, BM Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Costamante, L Cutini, S Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F Silva, EDCE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hayashida, M Hays, E Healey, SE Horan, D Hughes, RE Itoh, R Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lee, SH Lemoine-Goumard, M Garde, ML Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lurrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McConville, W McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzan, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Ritz, S Rochester, LS Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Sadrozinski, HFW Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sgro, C Shaw, MS Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Starck, JL Strickman, MS Strong, AW Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Yang, Z Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Antolini, E. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Baughman, B. M. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Costamante, L. Cutini, S. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Healey, S. E. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Itoh, R. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lee, S. -H. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Garde, M. Llena Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lurrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McConville, W. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzan, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Ritz, S. Rochester, L. S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Shaw, M. S. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Starck, J. -L. Strickman, M. S. Strong, A. W. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Yang, Z. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI THE FERMI-LAT HIGH-LATITUDE SURVEY: SOURCE COUNT DISTRIBUTIONS AND THE ORIGIN OF THE EXTRAGALACTIC DIFFUSE BACKGROUND SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; diffuse radiation; galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; gamma rays: diffuse background; surveys ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; N-LOG S; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; SPACE-TELESCOPE; DARK-MATTER; COSMIC-RAYS; BLAZARS; GALAXIES AB This is the first of a series of papers aimed at characterizing the populations detected in the high-latitude sky of the Fermi-LAT survey. In this work, we focus on the intrinsic spectral and flux properties of the source sample. We show that when selection effects are properly taken into account, Fermi sources are on average steeper than previously found (e.g., in the bright source list) with an average photon index of 2.40 +/- 0.02 over the entire 0.1-100 GeV energy band. We confirm that flat spectrum radio quasars have steeper spectra than BL Lacertae objects with an average index of 2.48 +/- 0.02 versus 2.18 +/- 0.02. Using several methods, we build the deepest source count distribution at GeV energies, deriving that the intrinsic source (i.e., blazar) surface density at F-100 >= 10(-9) ph cm(2) s(-1) is 0.12(-0.02)(+0.03) deg(-2). The integration of the source count distribution yields that point sources contribute 16(+/- 1.8)% (+/- 7% systematic uncertainty) of the GeV isotropic diffuse background. At the fluxes currently reached by LAT, we can rule out the hypothesis that pointlike sources (i.e., blazars) produce a larger fraction of the diffuse emission. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Costamante, L.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Healey, S. E.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Costamante, L.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Healey, S. E.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Antolini, E.; Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lurrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Antolini, E.; Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lurrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzan, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Starck, J. -L.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA Saclay, CEA IRFU CNRS,Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Carrigan, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Baughman, B. M.; Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Giommi, P.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Celik, Oe; Gehrels, N.; Hays, E.; Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; Meurer, C.; Yang, Z.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; Meurer, C.; Yang, Z.; Ylinen, T.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [de Angelis, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.] Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, CNRS IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Fukazawa, Y.; Itoh, R.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] CNRS UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Orlando, E.; Strong, A. W.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ozaki, M.; Takahashi, T.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tramacere, A.] CIES, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kahnar, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM majello@slac.stanford.edu; tramacer@slac.stanford.edu RI Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Starck, Jean-Luc/D-9467-2011; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; OI Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Starck, Jean-Luc/0000-0003-2177-7794; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726 FU Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France FX Helpful comments from the referee are acknowledged. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States; the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. NR 50 TC 139 Z9 139 U1 3 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 720 IS 1 BP 435 EP 453 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/720/1/435 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 647DJ UT WOS:000281596000037 ER PT J AU Pontoppidan, KM Salyk, C Blake, GA Meijerink, R Carr, JS Najita, J AF Pontoppidan, Klaus M. Salyk, Colette Blake, Geoffrey A. Meijerink, Rowin Carr, John S. Najita, Joan TI A SPITZER SURVEY OF MID-INFRARED MOLECULAR EMISSION FROM PROTOPLANETARY DISKS. I. DETECTION RATES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; protoplanetary disks; stars: pre-main sequence ID T-TAURI STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS; PLANET-FORMING REGION; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; HERBIG AE/BE STARS; H-ALPHA-EMISSION; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES; GAS TEMPERATURE AB We present a Spitzer InfraRed Spectrometer search for 10-36 mu m molecular emission from a large sample of protoplanetary disks, including lines from H(2)O, OH, C(2)H(2), HCN, and CO(2). This paper describes the sample and data processing and derives the detection rate of mid-infrared molecular emission as a function of stellar mass. The sample covers a range of spectral type from early M to A, and is supplemented by archival spectra of disks around A and B stars. It is drawn from a variety of nearby star-forming regions, including Ophiuchus, Lupus, and Chamaeleon. Spectra showing strong emission lines are used to identify which lines are the best tracers of various physical and chemical conditions within the disks. In total, we identify 22 T Tauri stars with strong mid-infrared H(2)O emission. Integrated water line luminosities, where water vapor is detected, range from 5 x 10(-4) to 9 x 10(-3) L(circle dot), likely making water the dominant line coolant of inner disk surfaces in classical T Tauri stars. None of the five transitional disks in the sample show detectable gaseous molecular emission with Spitzer upper limits at the 1% level in terms of line-to-continuum ratios (apart from H(2)), but the sample is too small to conclude whether this is a general property of transitional disks. We find a strong dependence on detection rate with spectral type; no disks around our sample of 25 A and B stars were found to exhibit water emission, down to 1%-2% line-to-continuum ratios, in the mid-infrared, while more than half of disks around late-type stars (M-G) show sufficiently intense water emission to be detected by Spitzer, with a detection rate approaching 2/3 for disks around K stars. Some Herbig Ae/Be stars show tentative H(2)O/OH emission features beyond 20 mu m at the 1%-2% level, however, and one of them shows CO(2) in emission. We argue that the observed differences between T Tauri disks and Herbig Ac/Be disks are due to a difference in excitation and/or chemistry depending on spectral type and suggest that photochemistry may be playing an important role in the observable characteristics of mid-infrared molecular line emission from protoplanetary disks. C1 [Pontoppidan, Klaus M.; Blake, Geoffrey A.; Meijerink, Rowin] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Salyk, Colette] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Meijerink, Rowin] Sterrewacht Leiden, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Carr, John S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Najita, Joan] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Pontoppidan, KM (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, MS 150-21, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. OI Meijerink, Rowin/0000-0001-7584-9293 FU NASA [NAS 5-26555]; NASA, Space Telescope Science Institute [01201.01]; Naval Research Laboratory FX This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA. Support for K.M.P. was provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant no. 01201.01 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555. Research support for J.S.C. was also provided by 6.1 base funding at the Naval Research Laboratory. The authors acknowledge valuable discussions with Uma Gorti, Ilaria Pascucci, and Ewine van Dishoeck. NR 88 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 720 IS 1 BP 887 EP 903 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/720/1/887 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 647DJ UT WOS:000281596000075 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Brandt, TJ Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Cannon, A Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Celik, O Celotti, A Charles, E Chekhtman, A Chen, AW Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Colafrancesco, S Conrad, J Davis, DS Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grandi, P Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hayashida, M Hays, E Horan, D Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lee, SH Lemoine-Goumard, M Garde, ML Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Malaguti, G Mazziotta, MN McConville, W McEnery, JE Michelson, PF Migliori, G Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Naumann-Godo, M Nestoras, I Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Okumura, A Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Persic, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Razzaque, S Reimer, A Reimer, O Reyes, LC Roth, M Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Scargle, JD Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stawarz, L Stecker, FW Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thaver, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Torresi, E Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Villata, M Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Yang, Z Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Brandt, T. J. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Cannon, A. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe Celotti, A. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Chen, A. W. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Colafrancesco, S. Conrad, J. Davis, D. S. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grandi, P. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lee, S-H. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Garde, M. Llena Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Malaguti, G. Mazziotta, M. N. McConville, W. McEnery, J. E. Michelson, P. F. Migliori, G. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Naumann-Godo, M. Nestoras, I. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Okumura, A. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reyes, L. C. Roth, M. Sadrozinski, H. F-W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stawarz, L. Stecker, F. W. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thaver, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Torresi, E. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Villata, M. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Yang, Z. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF MISALIGNED ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; gamma rays: general ID GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; I RADIO GALAXIES; MOLONGLO-SOUTHERN-4-JY SAMPLE MS4; RELATIVISTIC JETS; M87 JET; SPACE-TELESCOPE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; LAC OBJECTS; SCALE JETS; HOT-SPOTS AB Analysis is presented for 15 months of data taken with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope for 11 non-blazar active galactic nuclei (AGNs), including seven FRI radio galaxies and four FRII radio sources consisting of two FRII radio galaxies and two steep spectrum radio quasars. The broad line FRI radio galaxy 3C 120 is reported here as a gamma-ray source for the first time. The analysis is based on directional associations of LAT sources with radio sources in the 3CR, 3CRR, and MS4 (collectively referred to as 3C-MS) catalogs. Seven of the eleven LAT sources associated with 3C-MS radio sources have spectral indices larger than 2.3 and, except for the FRI radio galaxy NGC 1275 that shows possible spectral curvature, are well described by a power law. No evidence for time variability is found for any sources other than NGC 1275. The gamma-ray luminosities of FRI radio galaxies are significantly smaller than those of the BL Lac objects detected by the LAT, whereas the gamma-ray luminosities of the FRII sources are quite similar to those of FSRQs, which could reflect different beaming factors for the gamma-ray emission. A core dominance (CD) study of the 3CRR sample indicates that sources closer to the jet axis are preferentially detected with the Fermi LAT, insofar as the gamma-ray-detected misaligned AGNs have larger CD at a given average radio flux. The results are discussed in view of the AGN unification scenario. C1 [Grandi, P.; Malaguti, G.; Torresi, E.] INAF IASF Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Razzaque, S.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.; Razzaque, S.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S-H.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thaver, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S-H.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thaver, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Naumann-Godo, M.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, Serv Astrophys, CEA Saclay, Lab AIM,CEA,IRFU,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.; Persic, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Carrigan, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brandt, T. J.; Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Brandt, T. J.; Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Horan, D.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Cannon, A.; Celik, Oe; Davis, D. S.; Ferrara, E. C.; Gehrels, N.; Hays, E.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Stecker, F. W.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cannon, A.] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Caraveo, P. A.; Chen, A. W.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Colafrancesco, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Giommi, P.] ASI, Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Davis, D. S.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe; Davis, D. S.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celotti, A.; Migliori, G.] Scuola Int Super Studi Avanzati, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; Yang, Z.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Garde, M. Llena; Yang, Z.; Ylinen, T.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Frailis, M.; Persic, M.] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Osservatorio Astron Trieste, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Guillemot, L.; Nestoras, I.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.] Univ Bordeaux, CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Jackson, M. S.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Okumura, A.; Stawarz, L.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reyes, L. C.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Sadrozinski, H. F-W.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Sadrozinski, H. F-W.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Div Space Sci, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Stawarz, L.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Villata, M.] Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, TO, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Grandi, P (reprint author), INAF IASF Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. EM grandi@iasfbo.inaf.it RI Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Stecker, Floyd/D-3169-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013 OI Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; TORRESI, ELEONORA/0000-0002-5201-010X; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Villata, Massimo/0000-0003-1743-6946; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Ajello, Marco/0000-0002-6584-1703; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Malaguti, Giuseppe/0000-0001-9872-3378; Grandi, Paola/0000-0003-1848-6013; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleate in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States; the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleate in Italy; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden.; This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 67 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 720 IS 1 BP 912 EP 922 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/720/1/912 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 647DJ UT WOS:000281596000077 ER PT J AU Gezari, S Rest, A Huber, ME Narayan, G Forster, K Neill, JD Martin, DC Valenti, S Smartt, SJ Chornock, R Berger, E Soderberg, AM Mattila, S Kankare, E Burgett, WS Chambers, KC Dombeck, T Grav, T Heasley, JN Hodapp, KW Jedicke, R Kaiser, N Kudritzki, R Luppino, G Lupton, RH Magnier, EA Monet, DG Morgan, JS Onaka, PM Price, PA Rhoads, PH Siegmund, WA Stubbs, CW Tonry, JL Wainscoat, RJ Waterson, MF Wynn-Williams, CG AF Gezari, S. Rest, A. Huber, M. E. Narayan, G. Forster, K. Neill, J. D. Martin, D. C. Valenti, S. Smartt, S. J. Chornock, R. Berger, E. Soderberg, A. M. Mattila, S. Kankare, E. Burgett, W. S. Chambers, K. C. Dombeck, T. Grav, T. Heasley, J. N. Hodapp, K. W. Jedicke, R. Kaiser, N. Kudritzki, R. Luppino, G. Lupton, R. H. Magnier, E. A. Monet, D. G. Morgan, J. S. Onaka, P. M. Price, P. A. Rhoads, P. H. Siegmund, W. A. Stubbs, C. W. Tonry, J. L. Wainscoat, R. J. Waterson, M. F. Wynn-Williams, C. G. TI GALEX AND PAN-STARRS1 DISCOVERY OF SN IIP 2010aq: THE FIRST FEW DAYS AFTER SHOCK BREAKOUT IN A RED SUPERGIANT STAR SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE supernovae: individual (SN 2010aq); surveys; ultraviolet: general ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; FORMING GALAXIES; P SUPERNOVAE; LIGHT CURVES; GRB-060218; SPECTROSCOPY; PROGENITORS; ABUNDANCES; EMISSION; PLATEAU AB We present the early UV and optical light curve of Type IIP supernova (SN) 2010aq at z = 0.0862, and compare it to analytical models for thermal emission following SN shock breakout in a red supergiant star. SN 2010aq was discovered in joint monitoring between the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) Time Domain Survey (TDS) in the NUV and the Pan-STARRS1 Medium Deep Survey (PS1 MDS) in the g, r, i, and z bands. The GALEX and Pan-STARRS1 observations detect the SN less than 1 day after the shock breakout, measure a diluted blackbody temperature of 31,000 +/- 6000 K 1 day later, and follow the rise in the UV/optical light curve over the next 2 days caused by the expansion and cooling of the SN ejecta. The high signal-to-noise ratio of the simultaneous UV and optical photometry allows us to fit for a progenitor star radius of 700 +/- 200R(circle dot), the size of a red supergiant star. An excess in UV emission two weeks after shock breakout compared with SNe well fitted by model atmosphere-code synthetic spectra with solar metallicity is best explained by suppressed line blanketing due to a lower metallicity progenitor star in SN 2010aq. Continued monitoring of PS1 MDS fields by the GALEX TDS will increase the sample of early UV detections of Type II SNe by an order of magnitude and probe the diversity of SN progenitor star properties. C1 [Gezari, S.; Huber, M. E.; Grav, T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Rest, A.; Narayan, G.; Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Forster, K.; Neill, J. D.; Martin, D. C.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Valenti, S.; Smartt, S. J.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Astrophys Res Ctr, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Chornock, R.; Berger, E.; Soderberg, A. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mattila, S.; Kankare, E.] Univ Turku, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuorla Observ, FI-21500 Piikkio, Finland. [Mattila, S.] AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Astron, Stockholm Observ, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kankare, E.] Nord Opt Telescope, E-38700 Santa Cruz De La Palma, Spain. [Burgett, W. S.; Chambers, K. C.; Dombeck, T.; Heasley, J. N.; Hodapp, K. W.; Jedicke, R.; Kaiser, N.; Kudritzki, R.; Luppino, G.; Magnier, E. A.; Morgan, J. S.; Onaka, P. M.; Price, P. A.; Rhoads, P. H.; Siegmund, W. A.; Tonry, J. L.; Wainscoat, R. J.; Waterson, M. F.; Wynn-Williams, C. G.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Lupton, R. H.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Monet, D. G.] USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Gezari, S (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM suvi@pha.jhu.edu RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Waterson, Mark/B-7352-2013; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Waterson, Mark/0000-0002-0192-2686; Narayan, Gautham/0000-0001-6022-0484; Chambers, Kenneth /0000-0001-6965-7789 FU NASA through Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-HF-01219.01-A]; NASA [NAS 5-26555] FX S.G. thanks I. Rabinak and E. Nakar for kindly providing their models in the GALEX and PS1 filters, L. Dessart for helpful discussions, and the anonymous referee for useful comments. S. G. was supported by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF-01219.01-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555. The PS1 Surveys have been made possible through the combinations of the Institute for Astronomy at the University of Hawaii, The Pan-STARRS Project Office, the Max-Planck Society and its participating institutes, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, The Johns Hopkins University, the University of Durham, the University of Edinburgh, the Queen's University of Belfast, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Network, and the National Central University of Taiwan. We gratefully acknowledge NASA's support for construction, operation, and science analysis for the GALEX mission, developed in cooperation with CNES of France and the Korean MOST. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 720 IS 1 BP L77 EP L81 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/720/1/L77 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 647HW UT WOS:000281610100016 ER PT J AU Robbrecht, E Wang, YM AF Robbrecht, Eva Wang, Yi-Ming TI THE TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT NATURE OF CORONAL DIMMINGS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: filaments, prominences; Sun: magnetic topology; Sun: UV radiation ID MASS EJECTION ONSET; RECONNECTION; ORIGIN; FLARE; HOLES; SUN AB The opening-up of the magnetic field during solar eruptive events is often accompanied by a dimming of the local coronal emission. From observations of filament eruptions recorded with the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imager on STEREO during 2008-2009, it is evident that these dimmings are much more pronounced in 19.5 nm than in the lower-temperature line 17.1 nm, as viewed either on the disk or above the limb. We conclude that most of the cooler coronal plasma is not ejected but remains gravitationally bound when the loops open up. This result is consistent with Doppler measurements by Imada and coworkers, who found that the upflow speeds in a transient coronal hole increased dramatically above a temperature of 1 MK; it is also consistent with the quasistatic behavior of polar plumes, as compared with the hotter interplume regions that are the main source of the fast solar wind. When the open flux reconnects and closes down again, the trapped plasma is initially heated to such high temperatures that it is no longer visible at Fe IX 17.1 nm. Correspondingly, 17.1 nm images show a dark ribbon or "heat wave" propagating away from the polarity inversion line and coinciding with the brightened Fe XV 28.4 nm and Fe XII 19.5 nm post-eruptive loops and their footpoint areas. Such dark ribbons provide a clear example of dimmings that are not caused by a density depletion. The propagation of the "heat wave" is driven by the closing-down, not the opening-up, of the flux and can be observed both off-limb and on-disk. C1 [Robbrecht, Eva] Royal Observ Belgium, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Wang, Yi-Ming] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Robbrecht, E (reprint author), Royal Observ Belgium, Ringlaan 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. EM Eva.Robbrecht@oma.be; Yi.Wang@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA; Office of Naval Research FX We are indebted to G. A. Doschek, G. Stenborg, I. Ugarte-Urra, H. P. Warren, and P. R. Young for informative discussions. The SECCHI data is produced by an international consortium of the NRL, LMSAL and NASA GSFC (USA), RAL and U. Bham (UK), MPS (Germany), CSL (Belgium), and IOTA and IAS (France). This work was supported by NASA and the Office of Naval Research. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 720 IS 1 BP L88 EP L92 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/720/1/L88 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 647HW UT WOS:000281610100018 ER PT J AU Raghavan, D McAlister, HA Henry, TJ Latham, DW Marcy, GW Mason, BD Gies, DR White, RJ ten Brummelaar, TA AF Raghavan, Deepak McAlister, Harold A. Henry, Todd J. Latham, David W. Marcy, Geoffrey W. Mason, Brian D. Gies, Douglas R. White, Russel J. ten Brummelaar, Theo A. TI A SURVEY OF STELLAR FAMILIES: MULTIPLICITY OF SOLAR-TYPE STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE binaries: general; planetary systems; stars: solar-type; stars: statistics; surveys ID ALL-SKY SURVEY; BROWN DWARF DESERT; EXOPLANET HOST STARS; PROPER-MOTION STARS; SPECTROSCOPIC BINARY ORBITS; ICCD SPECKLE OBSERVATIONS; PHOTOELECTRIC RADIAL-VELOCITIES; LONG-PERIOD COMPANIONS; ADAPTIVE OPTICS SURVEY; RHO-CORONAE-BOREALIS AB We present the results of a comprehensive assessment of companions to solar-type stars. A sample of 454 stars, including the Sun, was selected from the Hipparcos catalog with pi > 40 mas, sigma(pi)/pi < 0.05, 0.5 <= B - V <= 1.0 (similar to F6-K3), and constrained by absolute magnitude and color to exclude evolved stars. These criteria are equivalent to selecting all dwarf and subdwarf stars within 25 pc with V-band flux between 0.1 and 10 times that of the Sun, giving us a physical basis for the term "solar-type." New observational aspects of this work include surveys for (1) very close companions with long-baseline interferometry at the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy Array, (2) close companions with speckle interferometry, and (3) wide proper-motion companions identified by blinking multi-epoch archival images. In addition, we include the results from extensive radial-velocity monitoring programs and evaluate companion information from various catalogs covering many different techniques. The results presented here include four new common proper-motion companions discovered by blinking archival images. Additionally, the spectroscopic data searched reveal five new stellar companions. Our synthesis of results from many methods and sources results in a thorough evaluation of stellar and brown dwarf companions to nearby Sun-like stars. The overall observed fractions of single, double, triple, and higher-order systems are 56% +/- 2%, 33% +/- 2%, 8% +/- 1%, and 3% +/- 1%, respectively, counting all confirmed stellar and brown dwarf companions. If all candidate, i.e., unconfirmed, companions identified are found to be real, the percentages would change to 54% +/- 2%, 34% +/- 2%, 9% +/- 2%, and 3% +/- 1%, respectively. Our completeness analysis indicates that only a few undiscovered companions remain in this well-studied sample, implying that the majority (54% +/- 2%) of solar-type stars are single, in contrast to the results of prior multiplicity studies. Our sample is large enough to enable a check of the multiplicity dependence on various physical parameters by analyzing appropriate subsamples. Bluer, more massive stars are seen as more likely to have companions than redder, less massive ones, consistent with the trend seen over the entire spectral range. Systems with larger interaction cross sections, i.e., those with more than two components or long orbital periods, are preferentially younger, suggesting that companions may be stripped over time by dynamical interactions. We confirm the planet-metallicity correlation (i.e., higher metallicity stars are more likely to host planets), but are unable to check it for brown dwarfs due to the paucity of such companions, implying that the brown dwarf desert extends over all separation regimes. We find no correlation between stellar companions and metallicity for B - V < 0.625, but among the redder subset, metal-poor stars ([Fe/H] < -0.3) are more likely to have companions with a 2.4 sigma significance. The orbital-period distribution of companions is unimodal and roughly log normal with a peak and median of about 300 years. The period-eccentricity relation shows the expected circularization for periods below 12 days, caused by tidal forces over the age of the Galaxy, followed by a roughly flat distribution. The mass-ratio distribution shows a preference for like-mass pairs, which occur more frequently in relatively close pairs. The fraction of planet hosts among single, binary, and multiple systems are statistically inditinguishable, suggesting that planets are as likely to form around single stars as they are around components of binary or multiple systems with sufficiently wide separations. This, along with the preference of long orbital periods among stellar systems, increases the space around stars conducive for planet formation, and perhaps life. C1 [Raghavan, Deepak; McAlister, Harold A.; Henry, Todd J.; Gies, Douglas R.; White, Russel J.] Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Latham, David W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Marcy, Geoffrey W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mason, Brian D.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [ten Brummelaar, Theo A.] Mt Wilson Observ, CHARA Array, Mt Wilson, CA 91023 USA. RP Raghavan, D (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, POB 3969, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. EM raghavan@chara.gsu.edu FU College of Arts and Sciences at Georgia State University; National Science Foundation [AST-0606958, AST-0908253]; U.S. Government [NAGW-2166]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We thank Andy Boden, Bill Cochran, Richard Gray, Roger Griffin, Bill Hartkopf, Artie Hatzes, Elliott Horch, Mike Ireland, Hugh Jones, Davy Kirkpatrick, Dagny Looper, Dimitri Pourbaix, Sam Quinn, Andrei Tokovinin, and Nils Turner for their helpful insights on the nature of some specific systems, and in some instances, for making specific observations at our request and sharing their unpublished results. We acknowledge the insightful comments from an anonymous referee, which resulted in a more robust completion analysis of this survey, improving the confidence in our results. Research at the CHARA Array is supported by the College of Arts and Sciences at Georgia State University and by the National Science Foundation through NSF grants AST-0606958 and AST-0908253. Some of the photometric and spectroscopic observations reported here were carried out under the auspices of the SMARTS (Small and Moderate Aperture Research Telescope System) Consortium, which operates several small telescopes at CTIO. We thank RECONS group members, particularly, Jennifer Winters for reducing photometry data, and Wei-Chun Jao for his insights with some of the analysis. This research has made use of the SIMBAD literature database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, NASA's Astrophysics Data System, and the Washington Double Star Catalog maintained by the U.S. Naval Observatory. This effort used multi-epoch images from the Digitized Sky Survey, which was produced at the Space Telescope Science Institute under U.S. Government grant NAGW-2166, and from the SuperCOSMOS Sky Survey. This publication also made use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. NR 215 TC 514 Z9 516 U1 2 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 190 IS 1 BP 1 EP 42 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/190/1/1 PG 42 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 654WN UT WOS:000282201900001 ER PT J AU Crawford, MJ AF Crawford, Michael J. TI 1812: War with America SO BRITAIN AND THE WORLD LA English DT Book Review C1 [Crawford, Michael J.] USN, Hist & Heritage Command, Washington, DC USA. RP Crawford, MJ (reprint author), USN, Hist & Heritage Command, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDINBURGH UNIV PRESS PI EDINBURGH PA 22 GEORGE SQUARE, EDINBURGH EH8 9LF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 2043-8567 J9 BRIT WORLD JI Br. World PD SEP PY 2010 VL 3 IS 2 BP 282 EP 284 DI 10.3366/brw.2010.0411 PG 4 WC History SC History GA V26OP UT WOS:000208555200011 ER PT J AU Fromm, M Lindsey, DT Servranckx, R Yue, G Trickl, T Sica, R Doucet, P Godin-Beekmann, SE AF Fromm, Michael Lindsey, Daniel T. Servranckx, Rene Yue, Glenn Trickl, Thomas Sica, Robert Doucet, Paul Godin-Beekmann, Sophi E. TI THE UNTOLD STORY OF PYROCUMULONIMBUS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FOREST-FIRE SMOKE; EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS; LIDAR OBSERVATIONS; EL-CHICHON; SAGE-II; PINATUBO ERUPTION; MOUNT-PINATUBO; BOREAL FOREST; AEROSOL CLOUD C1 [Fromm, Michael] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lindsey, Daniel T.] NOAA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Servranckx, Rene] Canadian Meteorol Ctr, Dorval, PQ, Canada. [Yue, Glenn] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Trickl, Thomas] IMK IFU, Karlsruher Inst Technol, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Sica, Robert; Doucet, Paul] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON, Canada. [Godin-Beekmann, Sophi E.] UPMC CNRS, Observat Spatiale, Lab Atmosphere, Paris, France. RP Fromm, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mike.fromm@nrl.navy.mil RI Trickl, Thomas/F-7331-2010; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 FU Office of Naval Research FX Level-2 TOMS aerosol index data were provided by the NASA TOMS team. We thank Peter Englefield for Canada fire-location data, and Chuck McHugh for U. S. Forest Service fire data. We also thank Gian Paul Gobbi and the ISAC-CNR Rome group for Frascati lidar data, and Horst Jager for the Garmisch-Partenkirchen aerosol lidar data. The Haute Provence lidar data are from the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and are available online (www.ndacc.org). Radiosonde-derived data were accessed online (http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html), as was the SPARC Data Center (www.sparc.sunysb.edu/html/hres.html). The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA/Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and/or READY Web site (www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.html) as well as NOAA's Comprehensive Large Array-Data Stewardship (CLASS; online at www.class.ncdc.noaa.gov/saa/products/welcome) for satellite data used in this publication. The Goddard Automailer interface was also used for trajectory calculations. Pat Kablick provided valuable help improving the manuscript. MDF was supported by NRL internal funding (from the Office of Naval Research). The views, opinions, and findings in this report are those of the authors, and should not be construed as an official NOAA and or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 76 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 91 IS 9 BP 1193 EP 1209 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS3004.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 660XC UT WOS:000282678800003 ER PT J AU Gottschalck, J Wheeler, M Weickmann, K Vitart, F Savage, N Lin, H Hendon, H Waliser, D Sperber, K Nakagawa, M Prestrelo, C Flatau, M Higgins, W AF Gottschalck, J. Wheeler, M. Weickmann, K. Vitart, F. Savage, N. Lin, H. Hendon, H. Waliser, D. Sperber, K. Nakagawa, M. Prestrelo, C. Flatau, M. Higgins, W. TI A FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING OPERATIONAL MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION FORECASTS A CLIVAR MJO Working Group Project SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; EXTREME PRECIPITATION EVENTS; ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEM; COUPLED EQUATORIAL WAVES; AMERICAN-MONSOON-SYSTEM; 1997-98 EL-NINO; CIRCULATION ANOMALIES; SUMMER MONSOON; SIMULATION DIAGNOSTICS; BREAK PHASES C1 [Gottschalck, J.] NOAA NCEP Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Wheeler, M.; Hendon, H.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Weickmann, K.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Vitart, F.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Savage, N.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Lin, H.] Environm Canada, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Waliser, D.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Sperber, K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Livermore, CA USA. [Nakagawa, M.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Flatau, M.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Prestrelo, C.] Ctr Weather Forecasting & Climate Studies, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Gottschalck, J (reprint author), NOAA NCEP Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM jon.gottschalck@noaa.gov RI Wheeler, Matthew/C-9038-2011; Prestrelo, Cristiano/I-5139-2015; Sperber, Kenneth/H-2333-2012; OI Wheeler, Matthew/0000-0002-9769-1973; Savage, Nicholas/0000-0001-9391-5100 FU U.S. CLIVAR, International CLIVAR; U.S. CLIVAR Office; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors would like to thank the entire MJOWG (in alphabetical order)-Maria Flatau, Jon Gottschalck, Harry Hendon, Wayne Higgins, In-Sik Kang, Daehyun Kim, Hai Lin, Eric Maloney, Mitch Moncrief, Kathy Pegion, Nicholas Savage, Siegfried Schubert, Ken Sperber (cochair), Bill Stern, Augustin Vintzileos, Frederic Vitart, Duane Waliser (cochair), Bin Wang, Wanqui Wang, Klaus Weickmann, Matt Wheeler, and Chidong Zhang. The MJOWG wishes to acknowledge and thank U.S. CLIVAR, International CLIVAR, and the U.S. CLIVAR Office (specifically David Legler and Cathy Stephens) for supporting this working group and its activities. JG wishes to acknowledge and thank Kyong-Hwan Seo and Qin Zhang from Pusan National University Korea and NOAA/CPC respectively for their contributions to code development. KS was supported under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Climate Change Prediction Program by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. DW's contribution to this study was carried out on behalf of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 71 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 91 IS 9 BP 1247 EP 1258 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2816.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 660XC UT WOS:000282678800006 ER PT J AU Ditto, WL Miliotis, A Murali, K Sinha, S Spano, ML AF Ditto, William L. Miliotis, A. Murali, K. Sinha, Sudeshna Spano, Mark L. TI Chaogates: Morphing logic gates that exploit dynamical patterns SO CHAOS LA English DT Article DE chaos; logic gates; nonlinear dynamical systems ID ADAPTIVE DYNAMICS; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; NOR GATE; CHAOS; IMPLEMENTATION; CONSTRUCTION; REALIZATION; COMPUTATION; CIRCUIT; SYSTEM AB Chaotic systems can yield a wide variety of patterns. Here we use this feature to generate all possible fundamental logic gate functions. This forms the basis of the design of a dynamical computing device, a chaogate, that can be rapidly morphed to become any desired logic gate. Here we review the basic concepts underlying this and present an extension of the formalism to include asymmetric logic functions. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3489889] C1 [Ditto, William L.] Arizona State Univ, Harrington Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Miliotis, A.] Univ Florida, J Crayton Pruitt Family Dept Biomed Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Murali, K.] Anna Univ, Dept Phys, Madras 600025, Tamil Nadu, India. [Sinha, Sudeshna] Indian Inst Sci Educ & Res, Chandigarh 160019, India. [Spano, Mark L.] NSWC, Carderock Lab, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Ditto, WL (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Harrington Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Spano, Mark/B-6883-2011; OI Ditto, William/0000-0002-7416-8012 NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD SEP PY 2010 VL 20 IS 3 AR 037107 DI 10.1063/1.3489889 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 657TY UT WOS:000282438500033 PM 20887073 ER PT J AU Gu, SP Maeng, S Suh, Y Levy, RA Deavenport, DL Gomez, FJ Newberg, SS Brooman, EW Berman, ES Kleek, JJ Beatty, JH Schwartz, AS Gaydos, SP AF Gu, Sipeng Maeng, Sungmin Suh, Yongseok Levy, Roland A. Deavenport, Dennis L. Gomez, Fernando J. Newberg, Samuel S. Brooman, Eric W. Berman, Elizabeth S. Kleek, John J. Beatty, John H. Schwartz, Andrew S. Gaydos, Stephen P. TI Investigation of Atmospheric Pressure CVD-Produced Aluminum Coatings for the Protection of Steel from Corrosion SO CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION LA English DT Article DE Aluminum; APCVD; Corrosion protection; Step coverage; TIBAL ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CHEMISTRY; CADMIUM AB This study investigates the use of atmospheric pressure (AP)CVD-produced aluminum (Al) coatings for the protection of steel from corrosion. Coatings produced through thermal decomposition of a triisobutylaluminum (TIBAL)-based precursor at 548 and 573 K are shown to exhibit growth rates of 0.5 and 1.1 mu m min(-1), respectively. Glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) reveals that, in the main, the coatings consist of pure Al with oxygen present as a minor constituent. Results of the structural, morphological, electrical, and mechanical characterization reveal that the APCVD Al coatings exhibit a face center cubic (fcc) structure with no preferred orientation, a non-columnar grain structure with grain size ranging from 3 to 10 mu m, and a surface roughness close to 2 mu m. Such coatings are also shown to offer an electrical resistivity of 3.5 mu Omega.cm, a density of 2.60 g cm(-3), and an adhesive strength of 703 kg cm(-2). Cross-sectional examination of coated samples indicate that the APCVD process can yield excellent step coverage and throwing power. Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) tests reveal that Al-coated bars with no post baking experience premature failure due to the presence of incorporated reaction product, hydrogen, in the steel substrate. Samples post-baked at 463 K for 23 h to remove the hydrogen from the substrate are shown to withstand the load for as long as 202 h. Corrosion studies conducted using potentiodynamic polarization measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and salt fog tests show that the corrosion resistance of the APCVD Al coatings is comparable to that of pure Al foils, and that such coatings provide acceptable sacrificial protection for steel substrates. C1 [Gu, Sipeng; Maeng, Sungmin; Suh, Yongseok; Levy, Roland A.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Deavenport, Dennis L.] Akzo Nobel Polymer Chem, Deer Pk, TX 77536 USA. [Gomez, Fernando J.; Newberg, Samuel S.] Chem Innovat Unit Akzo Nobel, Chicago, IL USA. [Brooman, Eric W.; Berman, Elizabeth S.; Kleek, John J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Beatty, John H.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Schwartz, Andrew S.] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Gaydos, Stephen P.] Boeing Co, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. RP Gu, SP (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM sg75@njit.edu; yongseok.suh@gmail.com RI gu, sipeng/A-1991-2010 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) FX This program was funded by a grant from the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0948-1907 J9 CHEM VAPOR DEPOS JI Chem. Vapor Depos. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 16 IS 7-9 BP 231 EP 238 DI 10.1002/cvde.201006845 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 661QY UT WOS:000282744000007 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ Denning, DE AF Denning, Peter J. Denning, Dorothy E. TI Discussing Cyber Attack SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Denning, Peter J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Innovat & Informat Super, Monterey, CA USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Innovat & Informat Super, Monterey, CA USA. EM pjd@nps.edu; dedennin@nps.edu NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD SEP PY 2010 VL 53 IS 9 BP 29 EP 31 DI 10.1145/1810891.1810904 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 648KT UT WOS:000281693300017 ER PT J AU LeBlanc, J Shukla, A AF LeBlanc, James Shukla, Arun TI Dynamic response and damage evolution in composite materials subjected to underwater explosive loading: An experimental and computational study SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Composite materials; Shock loading; Composite damage; Underwater explosion; Fluid-structure interaction ID PROGRESSIVE DAMAGE; MODEL; SIMULATION AB The effect of underwater shock loading on an E-Glass/Epoxy composite material has been studied. The work consists of experimental testing, utilizing a water filled conical shock tube and computational simulations, utilizing the commercially available LS-DYNA finite element code. Two test series have been performed and simulated: (1) a reduced energy series which allowed for the use of strain gages and (2) a series with increased energy which imparted material damage. The strain gage data and the computational results show a high level of correlation using the Russell error measure. The finite element models are also shown to be able to simulate the onset of material damage by both in-plane and delamination mechanisms. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [LeBlanc, James] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Shukla, Arun] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP LeBlanc, J (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM JAMES.M.LEBLANC@Navy.mil FU Naval Undersea Warfare Center; Office of Naval Research [N00014-04-1-0268] FX The financial support of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (Division Newport) In-house Laboratory Independent Research program (ILIR) directed by Dr. Anthony Ruffa is greatly acknowledged. Arun Shukla would like to acknowledge the support of Office of Naval Research under Grant No. N00014-04-1-0268 to the University of Rhode Island. NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 92 IS 10 BP 2421 EP 2430 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2010.02.017 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 605LE UT WOS:000278348300010 ER PT J AU Campbell, T Allard, R Preller, R Smedstad, L Wallcraft, A Chen, S Jin, H Gabersek, S Hodur, R Reich, J Fry, CD Eccles, V Cheng, HP Cheng, JRC Hunter, R DeLuca, C Theurich, G AF Campbell, Tim Allard, Richard Preller, Ruth Smedstad, Lucy Wallcraft, Alan Chen, Sue Jin, Hao Gabersek, Sasa Hodur, Richard Reich, Joseph Fry, Craig D. Ghee Eccles, Vince Cheng, Hwai-Ping Cheng, Jing-Ru C. Hunter, Robert DeLuca, Cecelia Theurich, Gerhard TI Integrated Modeling of the Battlespace Environment SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND AB The goal of the Battlespace Environments Institute (BE!) is to integrate Earth and space modeling capabilities into a seamless, whole-Earth common modeling infrastructure that facilitates interservice development of multiple, mission-specific environmental simulations and supports battlefield decisions, improves interoperability, and reduces operating costs. C1 [Campbell, Tim; Allard, Richard] USN, Res Lab, Oceanog Div,Nearshore & Coupled Models Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Chen, Sue; Jin, Hao] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Hodur, Richard; Theurich, Gerhard] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Reich, Joseph] USAF, Weather Agcy, Space Weather Integrat Team, Offutt AFB, NE USA. [Fry, Craig D. Ghee] Explorat Phys Int, Huntsville, AL USA. [Eccles, Vince] Space Environm Corp, Providence, UT USA. [Cheng, Jing-Ru C.; Hunter, Robert] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Informat Technol Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. [DeLuca, Cecelia] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Campbell, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Oceanog Div,Nearshore & Coupled Models Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. EM tim.campbell@nrlssc.navy.mil; richard.allard@nrlssc.navy.mil; ruth.preller@nrlssc.navy.mil; lucy.smedstad@nrlssc.navy.mil; alan.wallcraft@nrlssc.navy.mil; sue.chen@nrlmry.navy.mil; hao.jin@nrlmry.navy.mil; sasa.gabersek.ctr@nrlmry.navy.mil; richard.hodurctr@nrlmry.navy.mil; joseph.reich@offutt.af.mil; gfry@expi.com; vince@spacenv.com; hwai-ping.cheng@usace.army.mil; Ruth.C.Cheng@usace.army.mil; Robert.M.Hunter@usace.army.mil; cecelia.deluca@noaa.gov; theurich@sourcespring.net OI Allard, Richard/0000-0002-6066-2722 FU US DoD; NASA; NOAA National Weather Service and Climate Program Office; US National Science Foundation FX BEI is sponsored by the US DoD HPC Modernization Program (HPCMP) and we carried out our simulations at HPCMP supercomputing resource centers. We thank the NRL's Paul Martin, Paul May, James Doyle, and Eric Rogers for contributing both insight and code to the COAMPS project; and the ERDC's Jerry Lin for model construction, data analyses, and mesh generation. Support and funding for ESMF is through the DoD HPCMP, the NASA Modeling Analysis and Prediction Program, the NOAA National Weather Service and Climate Program Office, and the US National Science Foundation. COAMPS is a registered trademark of the US NRL. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 12 IS 5 BP 36 EP 45 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 643IQ UT WOS:000281289200009 ER PT J AU Simpkins, BS Kansal, AD Pehrsson, PE AF Simpkins, B. S. Kansal, Aman D. Pehrsson, P. E. TI Induced Epitaxy for Growth of Aligned Indium Nitride Nano- and Microrods SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE-AREA GROWTH; BAND-GAP; CATALYST-FREE; INN; NANOWIRES AB Wurtzite indium nitride nano- and microscale crystals were grown on c-plane sapphire substrates in an oxide-, template-, and catalyst-free chemical vapor deposition reactor using the halogen-based precursor InCl(3). The impact of growth temperature, In flux, and ammonia flow on the InN microstructure and epitaxial alignment was evaluated. Increased growth temperature resulted in nanorods with high-aspect ratio and enhanced epitaxial alignment of InN(001)//Al(2)O(3)(001). Faceting exhibited by our growth product confirmed that simple bond-counting does not determine the exhibited planes and phenomena such as dipole-dipole attractions and surface diffusion determined crystal morphology under certain conditions. An increase in growth product with increased In flux indicated our growths are carried out under heavily N-rich conditions with V/III similar to 10(4). These results provide a stronger understanding of the growth mechanisms of this unique semiconductor. C1 [Simpkins, B. S.; Pehrsson, P. E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kansal, Aman D.] Thomas Jefferson High Sch Sci & Technol, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Simpkins, BS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM blake.simpkins@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; NRL Science and Engineering Program FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research. A.K., a student at Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology in McClean Virginia, acknowledges support from the NRL Science and Engineering Program and thanks Dr. A. Epshteyn for his help with the XRD technique. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 10 IS 9 BP 3887 EP 3891 DI 10.1021/cg100221w PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 644DW UT WOS:000281353900010 ER PT J AU Levina, GV Montgomery, MT AF Levina, G. V. Montgomery, M. T. TI A first examination of the helical nature of tropical cyclogenesis SO DOKLADY EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CONVECTION; TURBULENCE; CYCLONE C1 [Levina, G. V.] Inst Continuous Media Mech UB RAS, Perm, Russia. [Levina, G. V.] Space Res Inst RAS, Moscow, Russia. [Montgomery, M. T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Montgomery, M. T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Levina, GV (reprint author), Inst Continuous Media Mech UB RAS, Perm, Russia. EM levina@icmm.ru; mtmontgo@nps.edu FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [10-05-00100]; U.S. National Science Foundation [ATM-0733380]; International Science and Technology Center [3726] FX We would like to thank G. S. Golitsyn, L.Kh. Ingel, M. V. Kurgansky, P. G. Frick, and O.G. Chkhetiani for stimulating discussions. G. L. is grateful to S. Barve, M. E. Nicholls, and R. A. Stepanov for their help and consultations in organization of numerical simulation. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 10-05-00100), by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant ATM-0733380, and the International Science and Technology Center (project no. 3726). NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1028-334X J9 DOKL EARTH SCI JI Dokl. Earth Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 434 IS 1 BP 1285 EP 1289 DI 10.1134/S1028334X1009031X PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 655BR UT WOS:000282217600031 ER PT J AU Baturina, OA Gould, BD Garsany, Y Swider-Lyons, KE AF Baturina, Olga A. Gould, Benjamin D. Garsany, Yannick Swider-Lyons, Karen E. TI Insights on the SO2 poisoning of Pt3Co/VC and Pt/VC fuel cell catalysts SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE SO2 poisoning; Carbon-supported Pt3Co catalyst; Rotating disk electrode; Platinum electrochemical surface area; Proton exchange membrane fuel cell ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; PT/VULCAN CARBON ELECTROCATALYSTS; HIGH-SURFACE-AREA; PARTICLE-SIZE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; CO; PLATINUM; ALLOY; ADSORPTION AB SO2 poisoning of carbon-supported Pt3Co (Pt3Co/VC) catalyst is performed at the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) in order to link previously reported results at the electrode/solution interface to the FC environment. First, the surface area of Pt3Co/VC catalyst is rigorously characterized by hydrogen adsorption, CO stripping voltammetry and underpotential deposition (upd) of copper adatoms. Then the performance of PEMFC cathodes employing 30 wt.% Pt3Co/VC and 50 wt.% Pt/VC catalysts is compared after exposure to 1 ppm SO2 in air for 3 h at constant cell voltage of 0.6V. In agreement with results reported for the electrode/solution interface, the Pt3Co/VC is more susceptive to SO2 poisoning than Pt/VC at a given platinum loading. Both catalysts can be recovered from adsorbed sulfur species by running successive polarization curves in air or cyclic voltammetry (CV) in inert atmosphere. However, the activity of Pt3Co/VC having similar to 3 times higher sulfur coverage is recovered more easily than Pt/VC. To understand the difference between the two catalysts in terms of activity recovery, platinum-sulfur interaction is probed by thermal programmed desorption at the catalyst/inert gas interface and CV at the electrode/solution interface and in the FC environment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Baturina, Olga A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Garsany, Yannick] EXCET Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. RP Baturina, OA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6113,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM olga.baturina@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors are grateful to the Office of Naval Research for financial support of this project. BG is an American Society of Engineering Education Postdoctoral Fellow. NR 39 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 55 IS 22 BP 6676 EP 6686 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.06.004 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 645YC UT WOS:000281501100046 ER PT J AU White, AR Ryoo, S Bugaj, L Attarzadeh, DO Thiyagarajan, S Chen, KX Attwater, S Abbot, B Li, DC Champion, HC Shoukas, AA Nyhan, D Hare, JM Berkowitz, DE Tuday, EC AF White, Anthony R. Ryoo, Sungwoo Bugaj, Lukasz Attarzadeh, David O. Thiyagarajan, Srikanth Chen, Kexun Attwater, Sarah Abbot, Bryce Li, Dechun Champion, Hunter C. Shoukas, Artin A. Nyhan, Daniel Hare, Joshua M. Berkowitz, Dan E. Tuday, Eric C. TI Early changes in vasoreactivity after simulated microgravity are due to an upregulation of the endothelium-dependent nitric oxide/cGMP pathway SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microgravity; Vascular; Aorta; Hindlimb unweighting; Endothelium ID POSTSPACEFLIGHT ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION; CEREBRAL-ARTERIES; RAT MODEL; SYNTHASE; PHOSPHORYLATION; ACTIVATION; HSP90; CELLS; SPACEFLIGHT; INTOLERANCE AB Emerging evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO) plays a pivotal role in the mechanism of vascular hyporesponsiveness contributing to microgravity-induced orthostatic intolerance. The cellular and enzymatic source of the NO, however, remains controversial. In addition, the time course of the endothelial-dependent contribution remains unstudied. We tested the hypotheses that the change in vasoresponsiveness seen in acute (3-day) hindlimb unweighted (HLU) animals is due to an endothelium-dependent mechanism and that endothelial-dependent attenuation in vasoreactivity is due to endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS-3) dependent activation. Vasoreactivity was investigated in rat aortic rings following acute HLU treatment. Dose responsiveness to norepinepherine (NE) was depressed after 3-day HLU [1,338 +/- A 54 vs. 2,325 +/- A 58 mg at max (NE), HLU vs. C, P < 0.001]. However, removal of the endothelium restored the vascular contractility to that of C. In addition, 1H-oxadiazole quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), a soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, restored the reduced vasoconstrictor responses to phenylephrine (PE) seen in 3-day HLU rings (1.30 +/- A 0.10 vs. 0.53 +/- A 0.07 g, HLU + ODQ vs. HLU, P = 0.0001). Ca(+) dependent nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity was increased, as was vascular NO products as a result of HLU. While NOS-3 expression was not increased in HLU rats, phosphorylation of NOS-3 at serine-1177 (an activator of NOS-3) was increased while phosphorylation of serine-495 (an inactivator of NOS-3) was decreased. These findings demonstrate that changes in vasoresponsiveness in the acute HLU model of microgravity are due to an upregulation of the endothelial-dependent NO/cGMP pathway through NOS phosphorylation. C1 [Ryoo, Sungwoo; Li, Dechun; Nyhan, Daniel; Berkowitz, Dan E.] Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Anesthesiol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. [Ryoo, Sungwoo; Li, Dechun; Nyhan, Daniel; Berkowitz, Dan E.] Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Crit Care Med, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. [White, Anthony R.; Bugaj, Lukasz; Attarzadeh, David O.; Thiyagarajan, Srikanth; Chen, Kexun; Shoukas, Artin A.; Berkowitz, Dan E.; Tuday, Eric C.] Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Biomed Engn, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. [Champion, Hunter C.] Univ Pittsburgh, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Attwater, Sarah; Abbot, Bryce] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Hare, Joshua M.] Univ Miami, ISCI, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. RP Berkowitz, DE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Anesthesiol, 600 N Wolfe St,Tower 711, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM dberkowi@jhmi.edu FU NIH [R01 AG021523]; National Space Biomedical Research Institute through the National Aeronautics and Space Administration [CA00405] FX This work was supported by NIH grant R01 AG021523 (to D.E.B.), National Space Biomedical Research Institute grant CA00405 through the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (to A.S.). NR 39 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1439-6319 J9 EUR J APPL PHYSIOL JI Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 110 IS 2 BP 395 EP 404 DI 10.1007/s00421-010-1514-7 PG 10 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 644MD UT WOS:000281380800020 PM 20512503 ER PT J AU Carreiro, LG Burke, AA Dubois, L AF Carreiro, Louis G. Burke, A. Alan Dubois, Lily TI Co-generation of acetylene and hydrogen for a carbide-based fuel system SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Calcium carbide; Acetylene; SOFC ID CATALYSTS; VEHICLES AB The co-generation of acetylene and hydrogen from the hydrolysis of calcium carbide and calcium hydride was investigated as part of a unique carbide-based fuel system intended for high-temperature fuel cells. To gain better control of this highly energetic reaction, glycerin was used to coat the reactant particles to form slurry prior to their reaction with water. This process was shown to moderate the rate of gas production, as well as to provide a means for preparing slurry that could be pumped into the reactor vessel. It was also observed that the presence of calcium hydroxide, a by-product of hydrolysis, lowered the solubility of acetylene resulting in a higher initial flow rate due to less acetylene being dissolved in solution. However, the buildup of calcium hydroxide with time inhibited the hydrolysis of both calcium carbide and calcium hydride causing the acetylene and hydrogen flow rates to decrease. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Carreiro, Louis G.; Burke, A. Alan] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Dubois, Lily] Stonehill Coll, Dept Chem, Easton, MA 02357 USA. RP Carreiro, LG (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Code 8231,1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM louis.carreiro@navy.mil FU Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport FX We acknowledge the Independent Laboratory Initiative Research program at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport in support of this work. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 91 IS 9 BP 1028 EP 1032 DI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.03.008 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 633TW UT WOS:000280530600007 ER PT J AU Lawson, DM Regan, HM Zedler, PH Franklin, A AF Lawson, Dawn M. Regan, Helen M. Zedler, Paul H. Franklin, Anet TI Cumulative effects of land use, altered fire regime and climate change on persistence of Ceanothus verrucosus, a rare, fire-dependent plant species SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ceanothus verrucosus; chaparral; climate change; fire; habitat fragmentation; Mediterranean systems; obligate seeding shrub; population model ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION; BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL CHANGE; POPULATION; VEGETATION; WILDFIRE; DISPERSAL; SEEDLINGS AB Mediterranean ecosystems are among the highest in species richness and endemism globally and are also among the most sensitive to climate and land-use change. Fire is an important driver of ecosystem processes in these systems; however, fire regimes have been substantially changed by human activities. Climate change is predicted to further alter fire regimes and species distributions, leading to habitat loss and threatening biodiversity. It is currently unknown what the population-level effects of these landscape-level changes will be. We linked a spatially explicit stochastic population model to dynamic bioclimate envelopes to investigate the effects of climate change, habitat loss and fragm entation and altered fire regime on population abundances of a long-lived obligate seeding shrub, Ceanothus verrucosus, a rare endemic species of southern California. We tested a range of fire return intervals under the present and two future climate scenarios. We also assessed the impact of potential anthropogenic land-use change by excluding land identified as developable by local governments. We found that the 35-50 year fire return interval resulted in the highest population abundances. Expected minimum population abundance (EMA) declined gradually as fire return interval increased, but declined dramatically for shorter fire intervals. Simulated future development resulted in a 33% decline in EMA, but relatively stable population trajectories over the time frame modeled. Relative changes in EMA for alternative fire intervals were similar for all climate and habitat loss scenarios, except under the more severe climate scenario which resulted in a change in the relative ranking of the fire scenarios. Our results show climate change to be the most serious threat facing obligate seeding shrubs embedded in urban landscapes, resulting in population decline and increased local extirpation, and that likely interactions with other threats increase risks to these species. Taking account of parameter uncertainty did not alter our conclusions. C1 [Lawson, Dawn M.; Franklin, Anet] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Lawson, Dawn M.] USN, Facil Engn Command SW, San Diego, CA 92132 USA. [Regan, Helen M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Zedler, Paul H.] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Environm Studies & Arboretum, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lawson, DM (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM DMLawson@ucdavis.edu FU U.S. Department of Defense; National Science Foundation [NSF-DEB-0824708] FX This project was funded by the U.S. Department of Defense, through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), and by a grant (NSF-DEB-0824708) from the National Science Foundation to HMR and JF. Findings and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. Downscaled future climate projections were provided by Dan Cayan, Hugo Hidalgo Tapash Das, Mike Dettinger, and Mary Tyree of Sustainability Solutions Institute. Comments on preliminary models and access to field sites were provided by Andrea Compton of the National Parks Service, Bryan Munson and Kim O'Connor of the US Navy, Jason Lopez of the San Dieguito River Valley Conservancy and Dave Boyer of the U.S. Marine Corps. We thank Kevin Cummins for providing unpublished seedbank data and helping us relocate field sites. We thank Alexandra Syphard and two anonymous reviewers for commenting on previous versions of this manuscript. NR 84 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 63 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 16 IS 9 BP 2518 EP 2529 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02143.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 635CR UT WOS:000280633700010 ER PT J AU Woodman, R Brown, C Lockette, W AF Woodman, Ryan Brown, Christina Lockette, Warren TI Chlorthalidone Decreases Platelet Aggregation and Vascular Permeability and Promotes Angiogenesis SO HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE humans; hypertension; stroke; thiazides; heart failure; VEGF-C; TGF-beta 3; carbonic anhydrase; ALLHAT study; ACCOMPLISH study ID ENDOTHELIAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; TARGET ORGAN DAMAGE; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; RENAL INJURY; FACTOR-BETA; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; IDENTIFICATION; TRIAL AB Variations in diuretic-mediated inhibition of carbonic anhydrase-dependent chloride transport in platelets and vascular smooth muscle could account for the contrasting efficacy of the thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics in reducing cardiovascular morbidity in patients with hypertension. We assessed platelet carbonic anhydrase activity and catecholamine-induced platelet aggregation in the presence of a thiazide and a "thiazide-like" inhibitor of the sodium-chloride cotransporter. Individual variation in platelet carbonic anhydrase activity correlated with contrasting sensitivity to epinephrine-mediated platelet aggregation. Both chlorthalidone, which potently inhibits platelet carbonic anhydrase, and bendroflumethiazide, which has much less effect on this enzyme, increased the amount of epinephrine needed to induce platelet aggregation when compared with the absence of a diuretic. However, chlorthalidone was significantly more effective than bendroflumethiazide in reducing epinephrine-mediated platelet aggregation. Chlorthalidone also induced marked changes in the number of gene transcripts for two proteins that mediate angiogenesis and vascular permeability, vascular endothelial growth factor C and transforming growth factor-beta 3; chlorthalidone and bendroflumethiazide had contrasting effects on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C. Chlorthalidone and bendroflumethiazide reduced vascular permeability to albumin, but only chlorthalidone increased angiogenesis. Thiazides and thiazide-like diuretics can comparably reduce blood pressure, but the drugs in this class are not all alike. It can be suggested from our findings that thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics vary in their pleiotropic effects on platelets and in the vasculature, and these differences could explain the contrasting ability of these drugs to reduce cardiovascular morbidity despite comparable reduction in blood pressure. (Hypertension. 2010;56:463-470.) C1 [Woodman, Ryan; Brown, Christina; Lockette, Warren] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Lockette, Warren] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Lockette, Warren] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Lockette, W (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Mail Code KCA,34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM warren.lockette@med.navy.mil FU Naval Medical Center San Diego FX This study was supported by the Naval Medical Center San Diego. NR 44 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0194-911X J9 HYPERTENSION JI Hypertension PD SEP PY 2010 VL 56 IS 3 BP 463 EP U257 DI 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.154476 PG 13 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 641NB UT WOS:000281132900024 PM 20625077 ER PT J AU Restelli, A Bienfang, JC Clark, CW Rech, I Labanca, I Ghioni, M Cova, S AF Restelli, Alessandro Bienfang, Joshua C. Clark, Charles W. Rech, Ivan Labanca, Ivan Ghioni, Massimo Cova, Sergio TI Improved Timing Resolution Single-Photon Detectors in Daytime Free-Space Quantum Key Distribution With 1.25 GHz Transmission Rate SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Free-space optical communication; photon timing; quantum key distribution (QKD); single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) ID PERFORMANCE AB In free-space single-photon quantum key distribution (QKD), the error rate due to daytime background photons can be reduced with strong temporal filtering. In this case, the improvement in performance is determined by the receiver's ability to resolve signal-photon arrival times. We use fast clock recovery and commercially available single-photon detectors with timing resolution enhanced by additional electronic circuitry to implement temporal gating down to 50 ps in a free-space QKD system. The single-photon channel operates at 850 nm, and the improved timing resolution enables transmission rates of 1.25 GHz. We observe daytime quantum bit error rates of 0.04, which is less than one-third of the ungated error rate. We present the design and performance of the system and demonstrate its benefit to free-space QKD. C1 [Restelli, Alessandro; Bienfang, Joshua C.; Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Restelli, Alessandro; Bienfang, Joshua C.; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Rech, Ivan; Labanca, Ivan; Ghioni, Massimo; Cova, Sergio] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Elettron & Informaz, I-20 Milan, Italy. [Rech, Ivan; Labanca, Ivan; Ghioni, Massimo; Cova, Sergio] CNR, Ist Foton & Nanotecnol, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Ghioni, Massimo; Cova, Sergio] Micro Photon Devices, I-39100 Bolzano, Italy. RP Restelli, A (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alessandro.restelli@nist.gov; bienfang@nist.gov; clark@nist.gov; rech@elet.polimi.it; ghioni@elet.polimi.it RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Bienfang, Joshua/A-7285-2010; Restelli, Alessandro/A-4897-2009; OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Restelli, Alessandro/0000-0002-1289-3171; Rech, Ivan/0000-0002-1430-1010 FU U.S. Department of Commerce; National Institute of Standards and Technology; EC [248095, FP7-ICT-2009-4] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology and in part by EC Grant Agreement 248095 (Q-ESSENCE) FP7-ICT-2009-4. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X EI 1558-4542 J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 16 IS 5 BP 1084 EP 1090 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2010.2040710 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 669SZ UT WOS:000283371800005 ER PT J AU Kindt, RW Vouvakis, MN AF Kindt, Rick W. Vouvakis, Marinos N. TI Analysis of a Wavelength-Scaled Array (WSA) Architecture SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Antenna arrays; domain decomposition; phased arrays; ultrawideband arrays; wavelength-scaled arrays ID FINITE ANTENNA-ARRAYS; DESIGN; ELEMENTS AB Wavelength-scaled array architectures use scaled elements to achieve ultrawideband performance with significantly fewer overall radiators than traditional ultrawideband arrays based on a single element type. Compared to a conventional ultrawideband array with 8:1 bandwidth, a wavelength-scaled array that uses elements of three different sizes creates an aperture with fewer than 16% of the original element count, i.e., 6.4-times fewer elements, and by extension a comparable reduction in electronics required to feed the array. In this paper, a study of an asymmetric wavelength-scaled array architecture is presented for finite arrays of offset-centered dual-polarized flared-notch radiators. The unique element transitions within the finite array structure are modeled via a non-matching grid Domain Decomposition-Finite Element Method that allows for rigorous impedance and radiation pattern prediction of full-sized wavelength-scaled arrays. This design study shows that the wavelength-scaled array has comparable performance to traditional ultrawideband arrays in terms of VSWR, radiation patterns, array mismatch efficiency, and cross-polarization levels. C1 [Kindt, Rick W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Vouvakis, Marinos N.] Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Sensor & Commun Antennas, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Kindt, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rick.kindt@nrl.navy.mil; vou-vakis@ecs.umass.edu FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This work was sponsored by the U.S. Office of Naval Research in 2007. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 58 IS 9 BP 2866 EP 2874 DI 10.1109/TAP.2010.2052566 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 667ZV UT WOS:000283238800010 ER PT J AU Mirotznik, MS Good, BL Ransom, P Wikner, D Mait, JN AF Mirotznik, Mark S. Good, Brandon L. Ransom, Paul Wikner, David Mait, Joseph N. TI Broadband Antireflective Properties of Inverse Motheye Surfaces SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Antireflection; effective medium; millimeter wave; rigorous couple wave; subwavelength gratings ID COUPLED-WAVE ANALYSIS; MILLIMETER-WAVE; BINARY GRATINGS; IMPLEMENTATION; FORMULATION; DESIGN AB A new method for synthesizing broadband antireflective (AR) surfaces at microwave and millimeter wave frequencies is demonstrated. The AR surface, we call an inverse motheye, was formed by machining a multi-layer grating of subwavelength circular holes into a non-absorptive dielectric. This created low reflected energies (< -30 dB) over reasonably large bandwidths and incidence angles. An optimization algorithm, based on a direct pattern search, integrated with a rigorous electromagnetic model was used to design the grating geometries. Experimental results are provided at Ka-band demonstrating the validity of the method. C1 [Mirotznik, Mark S.; Good, Brandon L.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Mirotznik, Mark S.; Good, Brandon L.; Ransom, Paul] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Ransom, Paul] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Wikner, David; Mait, Joseph N.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Mirotznik, MS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM mirotzni@ece.udel.edu; Brandon.good@navy.mil; paul.ransom@navy.mil; david.wikner@arl.army.mil; jmait@arl.army.mil NR 17 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 58 IS 9 BP 2969 EP 2980 DI 10.1109/TAP.2010.2052575 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 667ZV UT WOS:000283238800021 ER PT J AU Loop, BP Sudhoff, SD Zak, SH Zivi, EL AF Loop, Benjamin P. Sudhoff, Scott D. Zak, Stanislaw H. Zivi, Edwin L. TI Estimating Regions of Asymptotic Stability of Power Electronics Systems Using Genetic Algorithms SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Genetic algorithms; Lyapunov methods; optimization methods; power electronics systems; stability ID FIELD-ORIENTED CONTROL; SIMPLEX-METHOD; CONVERTERS; LYAPUNOV; OPTIMIZATION AB Electric power distribution systems composed of power electronics converters are susceptible to instabilities under certain conditions. Small-signal impedance approaches to stability analysis are incapable of predicting large-signal stability properties. Herein, a practical and scalable genetic algorithm based procedure for the estimation of regions of asymptotic stability of power electronics systems is proposed. The procedure is demonstrated on six nonlinear models that range from 6 to 75 state variables. The models represent the dynamics of Naval power electronics-based system components and systems. C1 [Loop, Benjamin P.] PC Krause & Associates, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Sudhoff, Scott D.; Zak, Stanislaw H.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zivi, Edwin L.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Loop, BP (reprint author), PC Krause & Associates, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM loop@ieee.org FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-02-1-0990]; National Science Foundation [9972752-DGE] FX Manuscript received October 22, 2008; revised March 21, 2009; accepted June 09, 2009. Manuscript received in final form August 24, 2009. First published October 09, 2009; current version published August 25, 2010. Recommended by I. Hiskens. This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-02-1-0990 "Polytopic Model Based Stability Analysis and Genetic Design of Electric Warship Power Systems" and by the National Science Foundation under Grant 9972752-DGE, "IGERT: Variable Speed Electromechanical Drive Systems." NR 54 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-6536 J9 IEEE T CONTR SYST T JI IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 18 IS 5 BP 1011 EP 1022 DI 10.1109/TCST.2009.2031325 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 667IS UT WOS:000283187100002 ER PT J AU Ericsen, T AF Ericsen, Terry TI The Second Electronic Revolution (It's All About Control) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference CY SEP 14-16, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE, Ind Applicat Soc DE Complex systems; control; electric ship design; integrated power system; medium-voltage dc distribution; modeling and simulation; power electronic building blocks (PEBBs); power electronics; ship electric power system standards ID SIMULATION; DEVICES AB Systems for ships, offshore platforms, chemical plants, foundries, and utilities are rapidly changing as a result of the second electronic revolution. The first revolution was with integrated circuits which gave us the microprocessor, PCs, cell phones, and MP3 players. The second electronic revolution started with power electronics, which give us motor controllers, switching power supplies, hybrid cars, and electric ships. Just as the first electronic revolution changed our concepts of information, the second electronic revolution is redefining control. This paper discusses these changes and the opportunities enabled by new technologies and levels of control. Most notably, this paper provides a logical argument for future controller abilities to control any system to near perfection-accurately, precisely, reliably, and safely. This paper also proposes the use of building block concepts with modeling and simulation to create new tools and methods for designing and building power systems. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Ericsen, T (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM terry.ericsen@navy.mil NR 19 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1778 EP 1786 DI 10.1109/TIA.2010.2057400 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 684WC UT WOS:000284584900013 ER PT J AU Julian, AL Oriti, G Blevins, ST AF Julian, Alexander L. Oriti, Giovanna Blevins, Stephen T. TI Operating Standby Redundant Controller to Improve Voltage-Source Inverter Reliability SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition CY SEP 20-24, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE DE Digital control system; fault tolerance; field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs); operating standby redundancy; reliability; voltage-source inverters (VSIs) AB This paper presents a digital control architecture that demonstrates operating standby redundancy for a voltage-source inverter (VSI) controller. The reliability analysis shows the increased lifetime of the VSI using a standby redundant controller. The VSI control system is designed to switch from the primary to the secondary controller when a fault to the primary controller occurs. Simulated and experimental results validate that the redundant controller design switches between field-programmable gate-array-based redundant controllers with no measurable disturbance to the output voltage. C1 [Julian, Alexander L.; Oriti, Giovanna] USN, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Blevins, Stephen T.] USN, SE Reg Maintenance Ctr, Mayport, FL 32228 USA. RP Julian, AL (reprint author), USN, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ajulian@nps.edu; goriti@nps.edu; stephen.t.blevins@navy.mil NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2008 EP 2014 DI 10.1109/TIA.2010.2058081 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 684WC UT WOS:000284584900039 ER PT J AU Sanghera, JS Shaw, LB Pureza, P Nguyen, VQ Gibson, D Busse, L Aggarwal, ID Florea, CM Kung, FH AF Sanghera, Jas S. Shaw, Leslie B. Pureza, Paul Nguyen, Vinh Q. Gibson, Dan Busse, Lynda Aggarwal, Ishwar D. Florea, Catalin M. Kung, Frederic H. TI Nonlinear Properties of Chalcogenide Glass Fibers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED GLASS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB We demonstrate that the chalcogenide glasses possess large nonlinearities that can enable compact Raman amplifiers as well as fiber lasers and amplifiers in the mid-IR. These high nonlinearities also allow efficient supercontinuum generation, which is useful for broadband sources in the near and mid-IR. These materials can also be poled to induce an effective chi((2)), opening up the potential of waveguide parametric amplifiers and sources. The Brillouin gain coefficients are relatively large and enable the demonstration of slow light in small core fibers. Results lead to a figure of merit that is about 140 times larger, or a theoretical gain about 45 times larger, than the best silica-based fiber configurations reported to date. C1 [Sanghera, Jas S.; Shaw, Leslie B.; Pureza, Paul; Nguyen, Vinh Q.; Gibson, Dan; Busse, Lynda; Aggarwal, Ishwar D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Florea, Catalin M.] GTEC Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Kung, Frederic H.] Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Sanghera, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sanghera@nrl.navy.mil RI Gibson, Daniel/F-2743-2013 OI Gibson, Daniel/0000-0001-7560-2549 NR 39 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA ONE MONTGOMERY ST, SUITE 1200, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104 USA SN 2041-1286 J9 INT J APPL GLASS SCI JI Int. J. Appl. Glass Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 1 IS 3 SI SI BP 296 EP 308 DI 10.1111/j.2041-1294.2010.00021.x PG 13 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA V26BJ UT WOS:000208520800008 ER PT J AU Berger, MT Reese, JY AF Berger, Mark T. Reese, Justin Y. TI From nation-states in conflict to conflict in nation-states: The United States of America and nation building from South Vietnam to Afghanistan SO INTERNATIONAL POLITICS LA English DT Article DE nation building; nation-state; security; development; geopolitics; failed state ID FAILED STATES AB This article engages with the latest (post-Cold War) debate about the theory and practice of nation building (state building). This is linked to a discussion of the shift in US foreign policy towards Afghanistan relative to Iraq between late 2008 and late 2009. Afghanistan is currently a major focus of nation building efforts and counter-insurgency programs led by the United States of America. Meanwhile, the discussion here ranges from South Vietnam to Colombia, Iraq and Afghanistan, and explores some of the ghosts that now haunt the US presence in Afghanistan 9 years on from the start Operation Enduring Freedom at the end of 2001. We argue that the possibility of successful nation building in Afghanistan is both far-fetched and far-off. In fact, what is required is the reorientation and reduction (even termination) of Washington and its allies' direct commitment to Kabul. Washington and its allies should focus on a grand strategy for the Middle East and Asia that attaches far less importance to Afghanistan. This should occur in the context of understanding the history of the emergence, universalization and contemporary crisis of the nation-state system. Nowhere are the limits of the nation-state system and the failure of nation building more apparent today than in Afghanistan. In this context a whole new approach to questions of war, peace and progress is in order. The comprehensive elaboration of a new security-development framework is beyond the scope of this article, but we conclude by elaborating some of the main elements of a new framework: this will include a point of departure for research and policy to move beyond the current crisis of the nation-state system and nation building. International Politics (2010) 47, 451-471. doi:10.1057/ip.2010.21 C1 [Berger, Mark T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Berger, Mark T.] Univ British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada. [Reese, Justin Y.] USA, Airborne Div 101, Washington, DC USA. RP Berger, MT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM mtberger@nps.edu; reesejy@gmail.com NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 17 PU PALGRAVE MACMILLAN LTD PI BASINGSTOKE PA BRUNEL RD BLDG, HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1384-5748 J9 INT POLITICS JI Int. Polit. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 47 IS 5 BP 451 EP 471 DI 10.1057/ip.2010.21 PG 21 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 660EL UT WOS:000282622700001 ER PT J AU Rivera, XR Stevenson-Gaines, T AF Rivera, Xanthe R. Stevenson-Gaines, Tanya TI Q Fever: Development of a Multidisciplinary Plan of Care for the Laboring Woman SO JOGNN-JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC GYNECOLOGIC AND NEONATAL NURSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Rivera, Xanthe R.] USN, Maternal Infant Nursing Dept Labor & Delivery, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Rivera, XR (reprint author), USN, Maternal Infant Nursing Dept Labor & Delivery, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0884-2175 J9 JOGNN-J OBST GYN NEO JI JOGNN PD SEP PY 2010 VL 39 SU 1 SI SI BP S120 EP S120 PG 1 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 656GK UT WOS:000282316000148 ER PT J AU Ghommem, M Hajj, MR Pettit, CL Beran, PS AF Ghommem, M. Hajj, M. R. Pettit, C. L. Beran, P. S. TI Stochastic Modeling of Incident Gust Effects on Aerodynamic Lift SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION; POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; FLOW SIMULATIONS; TURBULENCE AB The intrusive formulation of polynomial chaos expansion is implemented to determine uncertainty in aerodynamic loads on a rigid airfoil due to imprecise parameters that characterize an incoming gust. The results yield the sensitivity of the lift coefficient to variations in intensities and integral length scales of the gust fluctuations. The results show that lift coefficient fluctuations about the mean of each time step are affected primarily by the intensity of the fluctuations of the vertical velocity component, which should be expected. Next in order of importance is the integral length scale of the vertical velocity component. This implementation of the intrusive polynomial chaos expansion provides guidance for future efforts to quantify uncertain gust loads on micro air vehicles with higher fidelity models. C1 [Ghommem, M.; Hajj, M. R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Pettit, C. L.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Beran, P. S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ghommem, M (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Hajj, Muhammad/A-1176-2010 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA 8650-09-02-3938] FX Support by Air Force Research Laboratory Contract FA 8650-09-02-3938 is acknowledged. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1720 EP 1727 DI 10.2514/1.C000257 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 667PM UT WOS:000283206100023 ER PT J AU Graswald, M Brown, RE Sinibaldi, JO Nolte, T Rothe, H AF Graswald, Markus Brown, Ronald E. Sinibaldi, Jose O. Nolte, Timo Rothe, Hendrik TI Vulnerability of Mortar Projectiles by Intercepting Fragmentation Warheads SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Symposium on Ballistics CY MAY 17-21, 2010 CL Nanjing Univ Sci & Technolog, China Ordnance Soc, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Ballistics Comm, Natl Defense Ind Assoc, USA HO Nanjing Univ Sci & Technolog, China Ordnance Soc ID SHOCK INITIATION; EXPLOSIVES AB A general methodology for estimating the requirements for defeating an explosive-containing mortar threat by an intercepting array of explosively generated natural and controlled fragments is discussed along with the experimental data supporting quantitative interpretation. The target response of covered TNT impacted by single fragments is predicted through numerically determined shock-to-detonation thresholds as well as empirical penetration equations. Included in the methodology is a comprehensive, deterministic endgame model that consists of an intercept model, a static and dynamic fragment model, and a hit model generating the number of effective hits for arbitrary intercept situations. Experimental data supporting the assumptions of the models are reported. The model is also useful in establishing interceptor requirements. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4001713] C1 [Graswald, Markus] TDW GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen, Germany. [Brown, Ronald E.; Sinibaldi, Jose O.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Nolte, Timo; Rothe, Hendrik] Helmut Schmidt Univ, D-22043 Hamburg, Germany. RP Graswald, M (reprint author), TDW GmbH, Hagenauer Forst 27, D-86529 Schrobenhausen, Germany. EM markus.graswald@mbda-systems.de; rebrown@nps.edu OI Sinibaldi, Jose/0000-0002-9871-0590 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2010 VL 77 IS 5 SI SI AR 051804 DI 10.1115/1.4001713 PG 8 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 649JV UT WOS:000281765800018 ER PT J AU Myers-Ward, RL VanMil, BL Lew, KK Klein, PB Glaser, ER Caldwell, JD Mastro, MA Wang, L Zhao, P Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK AF Myers-Ward, R. L. VanMil, B. L. Lew, K. -K. Klein, P. B. Glaser, E. R. Caldwell, J. D. Mastro, M. A. Wang, L. Zhao, P. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Gaskill, D. K. TI Investigation of deep levels in nitrogen doped 4H-SiC epitaxial layers grown on 4 degrees and 8 degrees off-axis substrates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CARRIER LIFETIMES; TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; REDUCTION; DEFECTS; EPILAYERS; CARBIDE; DIODES; TRAPS AB Intentionally doped n-type 4H-SiC films were grown on 4 degrees and 8 degrees off-axis substrates to investigate the influence of electron concentration on the incorporation of electron traps Z(1/2) and EH(6/7). No discernible change was seen in the Z(1/2) and EH(6/7) trap concentrations for films grown on both orientations with electron concentrations in the range of 1 x 10(14) to 1 x 10(16) cm(-3), suggesting that the Z(1/2) and EH(6/7) traps are not associated with isolated carbon vacancies. The defect concentrations did not correlate with the measured carrier lifetimes, which is consistent with a carrier lifetime controlled by other recombination centers. Observed decreases in lifetime were related to increases in doping levels, with similar trends seen for both orientations. Carrier lifetimes in 8 degrees material were slightly longer than in 4 degrees films for similar doping concentrations, most likely being associated with surface recombination and/or extended defects. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3475152] C1 [Myers-Ward, R. L.; VanMil, B. L.; Lew, K. -K.; Klein, P. B.; Glaser, E. R.; Caldwell, J. D.; Mastro, M. A.; Wang, L.; Zhao, P.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Myers-Ward, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rachael.myers-ward@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 FU American Society for Engineering Education-Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research FX K.-K. Lew and B. L. VanMil acknowledge support from the American Society for Engineering Education-Naval Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. Research at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory is supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 5 AR 054906 DI 10.1063/1.3475152 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 658GQ UT WOS:000282478900115 ER PT J AU Tokish, JM McBratney, CM Solomon, DJ LeClere, L Dewing, CB Provencher, MT AF Tokish, John M. McBratney, Colleen M. Solomon, Daniel J. LeClere, Lance Dewing, Christopher B. Provencher, Matthew T. TI Arthroscopic Repair of Circumferential Lesions of the Glenoid Labrum Surgical Technique SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article AB BACKGROUND: Symptomatic pan-labral or circumferential (360) tears of the glenohumeral labrum are an uncommon injury. The purpose of the present study was to report the results of surgical treatment of circumferential lesions of the glenoid labrum with use of validated outcome instruments. METHODS: From July 2003 to May 2006, forty-one shoulders in thirty-nine patients (thirty-four men and five women) with a mean age of 25.1 years were prospectively enrolled in a multicenter study and were managed for a circumferential (360) lesion of the glenoid labrum. All patients had a primary diagnosis of pain and recurrent shoulder instability, and all underwent arthroscopic repair of the circumferential labral tear with a mean of 7.1 suture anchors. The outcomes for thirty-nine of the forty-one shoulders were assessed after a mean duration of follow-up of 31.8 months on the basis of the rating of pain and instability on a scale of 0 to 10, a physical examination, and three outcome instruments (the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score, the modified American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and the Short Form-12 score). RESULTS: Significant improvement was noted in terms of the mean pain score (from 4.3 to 1.1), the mean instability score (from 7.3 to 0.2), the mean modified American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (from 55.5 to 89.6), the mean Short Form-12 score (from 75.7 to 90.0), and the mean Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score (from 36.7 to 88.5). Six shoulders required revision surgery because of recurrent instability (two), recalcitrant biceps tendinitis (two), or postoperative tightness (two). All patients returned to their preinjury activity level. CONCLUSIONS: Pan-labral or circumferential lesions are an uncommon yet extensive injury of the glenohumeral joint that may result in recurrent instability and pain. The present study demonstrates that arthroscopic capsulolabral repair with suture anchor fixation can restore the stability of the glenohumeral joint and can provide a reliable improvement in subjective and objective outcome measures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION: "Arthroscopic Repair of Circumferential Lesions of the Glenoid Labrum" (2009;91:2795-802). C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Tokish, JM (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96819 USA. FU Arthrex; Pacific Medical FX The authors did not receive any outside funding or grants in support of their research for or preparation of this work. One or more of the authors, or a member of his or her immediate family, received, in any one year, payments or other benefits of less than $10,000 or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits from commercial entities (Arthrex and Pacific Medical). NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 92A SU 1 BP 130 EP 144 DI 10.2106/JBJS.J.00234 PN 2 PG 15 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 649PT UT WOS:000281785400002 PM 20844170 ER PT J AU Ancheta, IB Battie, C Ancheta, CV Caudilla, C AF Ancheta, Irma B. Battie, Cynthia Ancheta, Christine V. Caudilla, Calinica TI 3rd Place Winner: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Study of the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Between Filipino American and Filipino Women SO JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR NURSING LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ancheta, Irma B.; Battie, Cynthia; Ancheta, Christine V.] Univ N Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. [Caudilla, Calinica] USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0889-4655 J9 J CARDIOVASC NURS JI J. Cardiovasc. Nurs. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 5 BP 356 EP 356 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Nursing SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Nursing GA 641GK UT WOS:000281112600010 ER PT J AU Ancheta, IB Battie, C Ancheta, CV Caudilla, C AF Ancheta, Irma B. Battie, Cynthia Ancheta, Christine V. Caudilla, Calinica TI A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Study of the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Between Filipino American and Filipino Women SO JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR NURSING LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ancheta, Irma B.; Battie, Cynthia; Ancheta, Christine V.] Univ N Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. [Caudilla, Calinica] USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0889-4655 J9 J CARDIOVASC NURS JI J. Cardiovasc. Nurs. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 5 BP 368 EP 368 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Nursing SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Nursing GA 641GK UT WOS:000281112600034 ER PT J AU Rivera, FP Ochoa, TJ Maves, RC Bernal, M Medina, AM Meza, R Barletta, F Mercado, E Ecker, L Gil, AI Hall, ER Huicho, L Lanata, CF AF Rivera, F. P. Ochoa, T. J. Maves, R. C. Bernal, M. Medina, A. M. Meza, R. Barletta, F. Mercado, E. Ecker, L. Gil, A. I. Hall, E. R. Huicho, L. Lanata, C. F. TI Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Peruvian Children SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GM1-ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; COLONIZATION FACTORS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; DIARRHEA; TOXIN; DISEASE; ETEC; INFECTIONS AB Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of childhood diarrhea. The present study sought to determine the prevalence and distribution of toxin types, colonization factors (CFs), and antimicrobial susceptibility of ETEC strains isolated from Peruvian children. We analyzed ETEC strains isolated from Peruvian children between 2 and 24 months of age in a passive surveillance study. Five E. coli colonies per patient were studied by multiplex real-time PCR to identify ETEC virulence factors. ETEC-associated toxins were confirmed using a GM1-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Confirmed strains were tested for CFs by dot blot assay using 21 monoclonal antibodies. We analyzed 1,129 samples from children with diarrhea and 744 control children and found ETEC in 5.3% and 4.3%, respectively. ETEC was more frequently isolated from children > 12 months of age than from children < 12 months of age (P < 0.001). Fifty-two percent of ETEC isolates from children with diarrhea and 72% of isolates from controls were heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) positive and heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) negative; 25% and 19%, respectively, were LT negative and ST positive; and 23% and 9%, respectively, were LT positive and ST positive. CFs were identified in 64% of diarrheal samples and 37% of control samples (P < 0.05). The most common CFs were CS6 (14% and 7%, respectively), CS12 (12% and 4%, respectively), and CS1 (9% and 4%, respectively). ST-producing ETEC strains caused more severe diarrhea than non-ST-producing ETEC strains. The strains were most frequently resistant to ampicillin (71%) and co-trimoxazole (61%). ETEC was thus found to be more prevalent in older infants. LT was the most common toxin type; 64% of strains had an identified CF. These data are relevant in estimating the burden of disease due to ETEC and the potential coverage of children in Peru by investigational vaccines. C1 [Ochoa, T. J.] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Inst Med Trop Alexander von Humboldt, Lima 31, Peru. [Ochoa, T. J.] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. [Maves, R. C.; Bernal, M.; Meza, R.] US Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Ecker, L.; Gil, A. I.; Lanata, C. F.] Inst Invest Nutr, Lima, Peru. [Hall, E. R.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Huicho, L.] Inst Nacl Salud Nino, Lima, Peru. [Lanata, C. F.] Univ Peruana Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru. RP Ochoa, TJ (reprint author), Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Inst Med Trop Alexander von Humboldt, Av Honorio Delgado 430, Lima 31, Peru. EM Theresa.J.Ochoa@uth.tmc.edu RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Instituto Nacional de Salud del Nino, Lima, Peru; United States Military Infectious Disease Research Program (MIDRP) [60000.000.0.B0017]; [1K01TW007405] FX T. J. Ochoa is supported by grant 1K01TW007405. This work has been partially funded by institutional research funds (Fondo Concursable) from the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and from the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Nino, Lima, Peru; Institutional Research Funds to C. F. Lanata; and work unit number 60000.000.0.B0017 from the United States Military Infectious Disease Research Program (MIDRP). NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 48 IS 9 BP 3198 EP 3203 DI 10.1128/JCM.00644-10 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 645QZ UT WOS:000281480400024 PM 20631096 ER PT J AU Wagner, DK AF Wagner, Donald K. TI On Mighton's characterization of graphic matroids SO JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL THEORY SERIES B LA English DT Article DE Binary matroids; Graphic matroids; Graph realization AB Mighton (2008) [5] recently gave a new characterization of graphic matroids. This note combines Mighton's approach with a result of Cunningham (1982) [4] to provide a shorter, more direct proof of Mighton's result. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Off Naval Res, Math Comp & Informat Sci Div, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Wagner, DK (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Math Comp & Informat Sci Div, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM don.wagner@navy.mil NR 8 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0095-8956 J9 J COMB THEORY B JI J. Comb. Theory Ser. B PD SEP PY 2010 VL 100 IS 5 BP 493 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.jctb.2010.01.005 PG 4 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 592QR UT WOS:000277395000007 ER PT J AU Reeder, DB Chiu, LYS Chen, CF AF Reeder, D. Benjamin Chiu, Linus Y. S. Chen, Chi-Fang TI EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE OF HORIZONTAL REFRACTION BY NONLINEAR INTERNAL WAVES OF ELEVATION IN SHALLOW WATER IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA: 3D VERSUS Nx2D ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION MODELING SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article DE Acoustic ducting; horizontal refraction; nonlinear internal waves; elevation waves; South China Sea; NLIWI; FOR3D ID INTENSITY FLUCTUATIONS; EQUATION AB A joint Taiwanese-U.S. field experiment was conducted in the South China Sea (SCS), entitled the South China Sea Oceanic Processes Experiment (Taiwan)/Non-Linear Internal Waves Initiative (US) (SCOPE/NLIWI), the ocean acoustics portion of which occurred during April 12-22, 2007. The acoustics objective was to quantify the temporal and spatial variability in acoustic propagation characteristics on the continental shelf in the presence of locally-generated and trans-basin nonlinear internal waves (NLIW). Broadband (400 Hz center frequency) m-sequence signals transmitted nearly continuously by a source moored near the seabed were received by vertical line arrays at 3 and 6 km range. The acoustic transect was oriented approximately parallel to the wave fronts of the shoaling trans-basin NLIW's which had crossed the deep basin from their origin in the Luzon Strait. The acoustic propagation variability due to strong vertical and horizontal refraction induced by the very large NLIW's creates an extremely complex acoustic field as a function of time and space. Experimental data and numerical acoustic propagation modeling results are presented to (1) examine and estimate the contribution of internal wave induced horizontal refraction to the received acoustic field; and (2) to quantify the range of propagation angles relative to the internal wave fronts within which strong horizontal refraction occurs and 3D propagation models are required to accurately predict the range-and depth-dependent acoustic propagation. C1 [Reeder, D. Benjamin] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Chiu, Linus Y. S.; Chen, Chi-Fang] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Ocean Engn, Taipei 106, Taiwan. RP Reeder, DB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dbreeder@nps.edu; f91525002@ntu.edu.tw NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-396X J9 J COMPUT ACOUST JI J. Comput. Acoust. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3 BP 267 EP 278 DI 10.1142/S0218396X10004176 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Acoustics; Mathematics GA 652PM UT WOS:000282021100006 ER PT J AU Chiu, LYS Chang, AYY Chen, CF Wei, RC Yang, YJ Reeder, DB AF Chiu, Linus Y. S. Chang, Andrea Y. Y. Chen, Chi-Fang Wei, Ruey-Chang Yang, Ying-Jang Reeder, D. Benjamin TI THREE-DIMENSIONAL ACOUSTIC SIMULATION OF AN ACOUSTIC REFRACTION BY A NONLINEAR INTERNAL WAVE IN A WEDGE BATHYMETRY SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear internal wave (NIW); WA-FOR3D; 3D effect; horizontal refraction ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; CROSS-RANGE COHERENCE; SHALLOW-WATER; SOUND INTENSITY; PROPAGATION; SOLITONS; FIELD; PACKETS; MODEL; TIME AB Nonlinear internal wave (NIW) results in three dimensional acoustic effect such as ducting and whispering gallery effects in acoustic propagation. Acoustic energy restricted within internal wave crests (crest-crest) on the shelf constitutes the ducting effect, and energy confined along the crest when the source is located upslope from the NIW crest is known as the whispering gallery effect. Numerical experiments are presented in this paper for the study of 3D acoustic effects caused by both internal wave and wedge-bathymetry. 3D effects are predicted by Wide-Angle- FOR3D and the modal contents are calculated by MOS3DPEF. Following are the case studies detailing differences between 2D and 3D calculation, and the joint effect of propagating internal waves with upslope-bathymetry. Modeled time series of transmission Loss reveal that internal wave induces the oceanic waveguide and concentrate acoustic energy along the wave front. By modeling larger calculation ranges (20 km) and deeper deploying sources, the changing of the growth and decline of acoustic energy and lower acoustic mode amplitude by range, along the front of internal wave can be observed in this paper. C1 [Chiu, Linus Y. S.; Chang, Andrea Y. Y.; Chen, Chi-Fang] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Ocean Engn, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Wei, Ruey-Chang] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Appl Marine Phys & Undersea Technol, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan. [Yang, Ying-Jang] ROC Naval Acad, Dept Marine Sci, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan. [Reeder, D. Benjamin] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chiu, LYS (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Ocean Engn, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM f91525002@ntu.edu.tw; rcwei@mail.nsysu.edu.tw; yjyang@mail.cna.edu.tw; dbreeder@nps.edu OI Yang, Yiing-Jang/0000-0002-6637-9311 FU National Science Council of Taiwan FX The authors are very grateful to Dr. Ding Lee for his insightful comments. We are also indebted to the VANS/WISE and NLIWI team's great achievement in making a successful experiment. Their efforts are greatly appreciated. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Ching-Sang Chiu, Dr. Lynch, J. F and Dr. Ying-Tsong Lin, for useful discussion on various aspects of this paper. The work is supported by National Science Council of Taiwan. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-396X J9 J COMPUT ACOUST JI J. Comput. Acoust. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3 BP 279 EP 296 DI 10.1142/S0218396X1000419X PG 18 WC Acoustics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Acoustics; Mathematics GA 652PM UT WOS:000282021100007 ER PT J AU Freitas, JA Grzegory, I Ehrentraut, D AF Freitas, Jaime A., Jr. Grzegory, Izabella Ehrentraut, D. TI Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductors Galindia, Iznota, Poland 23-28 August 2009 Preface SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Freitas, Jaime A., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Grzegory, Izabella] UNIPRESS, Inst High Pressure Phys, PL-01142 Warsaw, Poland. [Ehrentraut, D.] Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jaime.freitas@nrl.navy.mil; izabella@unipress.waw.pl; ehrentraut@wpi-aimr.tohoku.ac.jp NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 312 IS 18 BP VII EP VII DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.04.034 PG 1 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 642AB UT WOS:000281173900001 ER PT J AU Feigelson, BN Hite, JK Garces, NY Freitas, JA Tischler, JG Klein, PB AF Feigelson, B. N. Hite, J. K. Garces, N. Y. Freitas, J. A., Jr. Tischler, J. G. Klein, P. B. TI GaN single crystals of different habit grown from solution at near atmospheric pressure SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductors CY AUG 23-28, 2009 CL Galindia, POLAND DE Growth from high temperature solutions; Single crystal growth; Nitrides; GaN ID BULK GAN; AMMONOTHERMAL GROWTH; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT; FLUX METHOD; GALLIUM; MELT; ALN AB Near atmospheric pressure solution growth is one of the many developing methods for growing bulk GaN from solution. Apart from other approaches, this method holds certain advantages, such as relatively low growth pressure and temperature, and the ability to grow high quality GaN crystals with different orientations by varying the solvent composition. GaN whiskers of millimeter scale size with exceptional mechanical and optical properties were grown from solution. Crystals of near isotropic shape were also grown from solution by manipulating additives in the basic solvent. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Feigelson, B. N.; Hite, J. K.; Garces, N. Y.; Freitas, J. A., Jr.; Tischler, J. G.; Klein, P. B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Feigelson, BN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM borisf@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 312 IS 18 BP 2551 EP 2557 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.04.011 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 642AB UT WOS:000281173900012 ER PT J AU Garces, NY Feigelson, BN Freitas, JA Kim, J Myers-Ward, R Glaser, ER AF Garces, N. Y. Feigelson, B. N. Freitas, J. A., Jr. Kim, Jihyun Myers-Ward, R. Glaser, E. R. TI Characterization of bulk GaN crystals grown from solution at near atmospheric pressure SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductors CY AUG 23-28, 2009 CL Galindia, POLAND DE Characterization; Nitrides; Semiconducting III-V materials ID PHASE EPITAXIAL GAN; AMMONOTHERMAL GAN; SPIN-RESONANCE; WURTZITE GAN; DOPED GAN; DONORS; RAMAN; SPECTROSCOPY; LUMINESCENCE; TEMPLATES AB The properties of GaN crystals grown from solution at temperatures ranging from 780 to 810 degrees C and near atmospheric pressure similar to 0.14 MPa, have been investigated using low temperature X-band (similar to 9.5 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescense spectroscopy, and photoluminescence imaging. Our samples are spontaneously nucleated thin platelets of approximate dimensions of 2 x 2 x 0.025 mm(3), or samples grown on both polycrystalline and single crystal HVPE large-area (similar to 3 x 8 x 0.5 mm(3)) seeds. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra consists of a single Lorentzian line with axial symmetry about the c-axis, with approximate g-values, g(parallel to) = 1.951 and g(perpendicular to) = 1.948 and a peak-to-peak linewidth of similar to 4.0 G. This resonance has been previously assigned to shallow impurity donors/conduction electrons in GaN and attributed to Si- and/or O impurities. Room temperature photoluminescence and photoluminescence imaging data from both Ga- and N-faces show different dominant emission bands, suggesting different incorporation of impurities and/or native defects. Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction show moderate to good crystalline quality. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Garces, N. Y.; Feigelson, B. N.; Freitas, J. A., Jr.; Myers-Ward, R.; Glaser, E. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, Jihyun] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul, South Korea. RP Garces, NY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Codes 6877,6882, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM garces@bloch.nrl.navy.mil; hyunhyun7@korea.ac.kr RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 312 IS 18 BP 2558 EP 2563 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.04.012 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 642AB UT WOS:000281173900013 ER PT J AU Freitas, JA Tischler, JG Garces, NY Feigelson, BN AF Freitas, J. A., Jr. Tischler, J. G. Garces, N. Y. Feigelson, B. N. TI Optical probing of low-pressure solution grown GaN crystal properties SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductors CY AUG 23-28, 2009 CL Galindia, POLAND DE Characterization; Growth from solution; Impurities; Single crystal growth; Nitrides ID BULK AMMONOTHERMAL GAN; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; FABRICATION; EPITAXY; FILMS AB The structural and optical properties of self-nucleated crystals grown by a near atmospheric pressure solution growth method are presented. High-resolution room temperature Raman scattering studies demonstrate that stress-free crystals with low free-electron background have been produced. Low and room temperature photoluminescence experiments confirm the presence of shallow donors and an unknown shallow acceptor. Large relative intensity variations of the emission bands assigned to recombination process involving donors and acceptor, resulting from significant changes in the incorporation and/or activation of defect associated with each recombination channel, reflect major changes in the intrinsic material properties. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Freitas, J. A., Jr.; Tischler, J. G.; Feigelson, B. N.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Garces, N. Y.] GSNA, Crofton, MD USA. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jaime.freitas@nrl.navy.mil NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 312 IS 18 BP 2564 EP 2568 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.04.013 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 642AB UT WOS:000281173900014 ER PT J AU Freitas, JA Mastro, MA Imhoff, EA Tadjer, MJ Eddy, CR Kub, FJ AF Freitas, J. A., Jr. Mastro, M. A. Imhoff, E. A. Tadjer, M. J. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Kub, F. J. TI Thick homoepitaxial GaN with low carrier concentration for high blocking voltage SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductors CY AUG 23-28, 2009 CL Galindia, POLAND DE Characterization; Impurities; Hydride vapor phase epitaxy; Nitrides; Semiconductors III-V materials ID SCHOTTKY; RECTIFIERS; DEVICES AB High voltage GaN Schottky diodes require a thick blocking layer with an exceptionally low carrier concentration. To this aim, a metal organic chemical vapor deposition process was developed to create a (14 mu m) thick stress-free homoepitaxial GaN film. Low temperature photoluminescence measurements are consistent with low donor background and low concentration of deep compensating centers. Capacitance-voltage measurements performed at 30 degrees C verified a low level of about 2 x 10(15) cm(-3) of n-type free carriers (unintentional doping), which enabled a breakdown voltage of about 500 V. A secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profile confirms the low concentration of background impurities and X-ray diffraction extracted a low dislocation density in the film. These results indicate that thick GaN films can be deposited with free carrier concentrations sufficiently low to enable high voltage rectifiers for power switching applications. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Freitas, J. A., Jr.; Mastro, M. A.; Imhoff, E. A.; Tadjer, M. J.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Kub, F. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jaime.freitas@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 312 IS 18 BP 2616 EP 2619 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.04.022 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 642AB UT WOS:000281173900023 ER PT J AU Karpenko, M Sepehri, N AF Karpenko, Mark Sepehri, Nariman TI Quantitative Fault Tolerant Control Design for a Leaking Hydraulic Actuator SO JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE closed loop systems; control system synthesis; controllers; fault tolerance; feedback; Fourier transforms; gain control; hydraulic actuators; position control; robust control ID SYSTEMS AB This paper documents the design of a low-order, fixed-gain, controller that can maintain the positioning performance of an electrohydraulic actuator operating under variable load with a leaking piston seal. A set of linear time-invariant equivalent models of the faulty hydraulic actuator is first established, in the frequency domain, by Fourier transformation of acceptable actuator input-output responses. Then, a robust position control law is synthesized by quantitative feedback theory to meet the prescribed design tolerances on closed-loop stability and reference tracking. The designed fault tolerant controller uses only actuator position as feedback, yet it can accommodate nonlinearities in the hydraulic functions, maintain robustness against typical parametric uncertainties, and maintain the closed-loop performance despite a leakage fault that can bypass up to 40% of the rated servovalve flow across the actuator piston. To demonstrate the utility of the fault tolerant control approach in a realistic application, the experimental fault tolerant hydraulic system is operated as a flight surface actuator in the hardware-in-the-loop simulation of a high-performance jet aircraft. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4001707] C1 [Sepehri, Nariman] Univ Manitoba, Dept Mech & Mfg Engn, Fluid Power Res Lab, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada. [Karpenko, Mark] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sepehri, N (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Mech & Mfg Engn, Fluid Power Res Lab, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada. EM nariman@cc.umanitoba.ca NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-0434 J9 J DYN SYST-T ASME JI J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2010 VL 132 IS 5 AR 054505 DI 10.1115/1.4001707 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 642LN UT WOS:000281215200016 ER PT J AU Wagner, MJ Wolf, S Promes, S McGee, D Hobgood, C Doty, C McErlean, MA Janssen, A Smith-Coggins, R Ling, L Mattu, A Tantama, S Beeson, M Brabson, T Christiansen, G King, B Luerssen, E Muelleman, R AF Wagner, Mary Jo Wolf, Stephen Promes, Susan McGee, Doug Hobgood, Cheri Doty, Christopher McErlean, Mara Ann Janssen, Alan Smith-Coggins, Rebecca Ling, Louis Mattu, Amal Tantama, Stephen Beeson, Michael Brabson, Thomas Christiansen, Greg King, Brent Luerssen, Emily Muelleman, Robert TI DUTY HOURS IN EMERGENCY MEDICINE: BALANCING PATIENT SAFETY, RESIDENT WELLNESS, AND THE RESIDENT TRAINING EXPERIENCE: A CONSENSUS RESPONSE TO THE 2008 INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE RESIDENT DUTY HOURS RECOMMENDATIONS SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE education; medical; graduate; internship and residency ID IMPACT; SUPERVISION; ASSOCIATION; DEPARTMENTS; MORTALITY; WORK; CARE AB Background: Representatives of emergency medicine (EM) were asked to develop a consensus report that provided a review of the past and potential future effects of duty hour requirements for EM residency training. In addition to the restrictions made in 2003 by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, the potential effects of the 2008 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report on resident duty hours were postulated. Discussion: The elements highlighted include patient safety, resident wellness, and the resident training experience. Many of the changes and recommendations did not affect EM as significantly as other specialties. Current training standards in EM have already emphasized patient safety by requiring continuous onsite supervision of residents. Resident fatigue has been addressed with restrictions of shift lengths and limitation of consecutive days worked. Conclusion: One recommendation from the IOM was a required 5-h rest period for residents on call. Emergency department (ED) patient safety becomes an important concern with the decrease in the availability and in the patient load of a resident consultant that may result from this recommendation. Of greater concern is the already observed slower throughput time for admitted patients waiting for resident care, which will increase ED crowding and decrease patient safety in academic institutions. A balance between being overly prescriptive with duty hour restrictions and trying to improve resident wellness was recommended. Discussion is included regarding the appropriate length of EM training programs if clinical experiences were limited by new duty hour regulations. Finally, this report presents a review of the financing issues associated with any changes. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. C1 [Wagner, Mary Jo] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wolf, Stephen] Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Promes, Susan] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [McGee, Doug] Albert Einstein Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19141 USA. [Hobgood, Cheri] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Doty, Christopher] Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. [McErlean, Mara Ann] Albany Med Ctr, Albany, NY USA. [Janssen, Alan] Genesys Reg Med Ctr, Grand Blanc, MI USA. [Smith-Coggins, Rebecca] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Ling, Louis] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mattu, Amal] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Tantama, Stephen] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Beeson, Michael] Akron Gen Med Ctr, Akron, OH USA. [Brabson, Thomas] Atlanticare Reg Med Ctr, Atlantic City, NJ USA. [Christiansen, Greg] Virginia Commonwealth Univ Hlth Syst, Richmond, VA USA. [King, Brent] Univ Texas Houston, Houston, TX USA. [Luerssen, Emily] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. [Muelleman, Robert] Univ Nebraska, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. RP Wagner, MJ (reprint author), Synergy Med Educ Alliance, Dept Emergency Med, 1000 Houghton Ave, Saginaw, MI 48602 USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 BP 348 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2010.05.058 PG 8 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 653FD UT WOS:000282072800019 PM 20634017 ER PT J AU Matteucci, MJ AF Matteucci, Michael John TI THE FIRST CASUALTY SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Matteucci, MJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 BP 366 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2010.04.002 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 653FD UT WOS:000282072800021 PM 20471194 ER PT J AU L'esperance, J Christman, M Stroup, SP Tomlinson, K Derweesh, I Auge, B AF L'esperance, J. Christman, M. Stroup, S. P. Tomlinson, K. Derweesh, I. Auge, B. TI ENERGY BASED NERVE SPARING ROBOTIC ASSISTED RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY: ASSESSMENT OF FUNCTIONAL RESULTS SO JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [L'esperance, J.; Christman, M.; Tomlinson, K.; Auge, B.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Stroup, S. P.; Derweesh, I.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0892-7790 J9 J ENDOUROL JI J. Endourol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 24 SU 1 BP A94 EP A95 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 675UR UT WOS:000283864900261 ER PT J AU Strom, KH Gu, X Stroup, SP Mehrazin, R Malcolm, J Christman, M Wake, R Gold, R Fabrizio, M Derweesh, I Wong, C AF Strom, K. H. Gu, X. Stroup, S. P. Mehrazin, R. Malcolm, J. Christman, M. Wake, R. Gold, R. Fabrizio, M. Derweesh, I. Wong, C. TI RECURRENCE RATES FOLLOWING PERCUTANEOUS AND LAPAROSCOPIC RENAL CRYOABLATION (RC) OF SMALL RENAL MASSES (SRM): DOES THE APPROACH MAKE A DIFFERENCE? SO JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Strom, K. H.; Gu, X.; Wong, C.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Urol, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Stroup, S. P.; Christman, M.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Mehrazin, R.; Wake, R.; Gold, R.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Malcolm, J.; Fabrizio, M.] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. [Derweesh, I.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0892-7790 J9 J ENDOUROL JI J. Endourol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 24 SU 1 BP A35 EP A36 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 675UR UT WOS:000283864900095 ER PT J AU Stroup, SP Choe, C Wong, C Mehrazin, R Malcolm, J Wake, R Strom, KH Palazzi-churas, K Fabrizio, M Christman, M Derweesh, I AF Stroup, S. P. Choe, C. Wong, C. Mehrazin, R. Malcolm, J. Wake, R. Strom, K. H. Palazzi-churas, K. Fabrizio, M. Christman, M. Derweesh, I. TI LAPAROSCOPIC PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY VERSUS RENAL CRYOABLATION: A MULTICENTER COMPARISON OF INTERMEDIATE ONCOLOGIC OUTCOMES SO JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Choe, C.; Christman, M.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Mehrazin, R.; Wake, R.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Malcolm, J.; Fabrizio, M.] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. [Strom, K. H.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Urol, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Palazzi-churas, K.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Urol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0892-7790 J9 J ENDOUROL JI J. Endourol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 24 SU 1 BP A261 EP A261 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 675UR UT WOS:000283864901181 ER PT J AU Vick, MJ Heyes, A Pullen, K AF Vick, Michael J. Heyes, Andrew Pullen, Keith TI Design Overview of a Three Kilowatt Recuperated Ceramic Turboshaft Engine SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; MICROTURBINES; OXIDATION AB A three kilowatt turboshaft engine with a ceramic recuperator and turbine has been designed for small unmanned air vehicle (UAV) propulsion and portable power generation. Compared with internal combustion (IC) engines, gas turbines offer superior reliability, engine life, noise and vibration characteristics, and compatibility with military fuels. However, the efficiency of miniature gas turbines must be improved substantially, without severely compromising weight and cost, if they are to compete effectively with small IC engines for long-endurance UAV propulsion. This paper presents a design overview and supporting analytical results for an engine that could meet this goal. The system architecture was chosen to accommodate the limitations of mature, cost-effective ceramic materials: silicon nitride for the turbine rotors and toughened mullite for the heat exchanger and turbine stators. An engine with a cycle pressure ratio below 2:1, a multistage turbine, and a highly effective recuperator is shown to have numerous advantages in this context. A key benefit is a very low water vapor-induced surface recession rate for silicon nitride, due to an extremely low partial pressure of water in the combustion products. Others include reduced sensitivity to internal flaws, creep, and foreign object damage; an output shaft speed low enough for grease-lubricated bearings; and the potential viability of a novel premixed heat-recirculating combustor. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4000585] C1 [Vick, Michael J.] USN, Res Lab, Vehicle Res Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Heyes, Andrew] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mech Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Pullen, Keith] City Univ London, Sch Engn & Math Sci, London EC1V 0HB, England. RP Vick, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Vehicle Res Sect, Code 5712, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.vick@nrl.navy.mil; a.heyes@imperial.ac.uk; k.pullen@city.ac.uk FU U.S. Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory's 6.1/6.2 Base Program, and the Office of Naval Research. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 11 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2010 VL 132 IS 9 AR 092301 DI 10.1115/1.4000585 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 614CC UT WOS:000279031700007 ER PT J AU Beck, MR Lohrenz, MC Trafton, JG AF Beck, Melissa R. Lohrenz, Maura C. Trafton, J. Gregory TI Measuring Search Efficiency in Complex Visual Search Tasks: Global and Local Clutter SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-APPLIED LA English DT Article DE visual search; clutter; attention ID CORTICAL MAGNIFICATION; FEATURE-INTEGRATION; ATTENTION; PRECEDENCE; TARGET; PARALLEL; FEATURES; OBJECTS; MEMORY; DEPEND AB Set size and crowding affect search efficiency by limiting attention for recognition and attention against competition; however, these factors can be difficult to quantify in complex search tasks. The current experiments use a quantitative measure of the amount and variability of visual information (i.e., clutter) in highly complex stimuli (i.e., digital aeronautical charts) to examine limits of attention in visual search. Undergraduates at a large southern university searched for a target among 4, 8, or 16 distractors in charts with high, medium, or low global clutter. The target was in a high or low local-clutter region of the chart. In Experiment 1, reaction time increased as global clutter increased, particularly when the target was in a high local-clutter region. However, there was no effect of distractor set size, supporting the notion that global clutter is a better measure of attention against competition in complex visual search tasks. As a control, Experiment 2 demonstrated that increasing the number of distractors leads to a typical set size effect when there is no additional clutter (i.e., no chart). In Experiment 3, the effects of global and local clutter were minimized when the target was highly salient. When the target was nonsalient, more fixations were observed in high global clutter charts, indicating that the number of elements competing with the target for attention was also high. The results suggest design techniques that could improve pilots' search performance in aeronautical charts. C1 [Beck, Melissa R.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [Lohrenz, Maura C.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Trafton, J. Gregory] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Beck, MR (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, 236 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. EM mbeck@lsu.edu NR 52 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1076-898X EI 1939-2192 J9 J EXP PSYCHOL-APPL JI J. Exp. Psychol.-Appl. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 16 IS 3 BP 238 EP 250 DI 10.1037/a0019633 PG 13 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 650WU UT WOS:000281885800002 PM 20853984 ER PT J AU Osterburg, AR Robinson, CT Schwemberger, S Mokashi, V Stockelman, M Babcock, GF AF Osterburg, Andrew R. Robinson, Chad T. Schwemberger, Sandy Mokashi, Vishwesh Stockelman, Michael Babcock, George F. TI Sodium tungstate (Na2WO4) exposure increases apoptosis in human peripheral blood lymphocytes SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apoptosis; cytokine; lymphocyte; sodium tungstate ID SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; XANTHINE-OXIDASE; HISTONE H1.2; CELLS; RATS; INHIBITION; PHOSPHORYLATION; PROLIFERATION; TRANSITION AB The potential for adverse health effects of using tungsten and its alloys in military munitions are an important concern to both civilians and the US military. The toxicological implications of exposure to tungsten, its alloys, and the soluble tungstate (Na2WO4) are currently under investigation. To examine tungstate toxicity, a series of experiments to determine its in vitro effects on cells of the immune system were performed. We identified alterations in isolated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) treated in vitro with sodium tungstate (0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mM). Analyses of apoptosis with annexin V and propidium iodide revealed a dose-and time-dependent increase in the quantity of cells in early apoptosis after tungstate exposure. Reductions in the number of cells entering into the cell cycle were also noted. Exposure of PBL to tungstate (1 mM) and Concanavalin A (ConA) for 72 h reduced the number of cells in S and G(2)/M phases of the cell cycle. There were alterations in the numbers of cells in G(0)/G(1), S, and G(2)/M phases of the cell cycle in long-term THP-1 (acute leukemic monocytes) cultures treated with tungstate (0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mM). Gel electrophoresis, silver staining, and LC-MS/MS showed the cytoplasmic presence of histone H1b and H1d after 72 h of tungstate exposure. The addition of tungstate to cultures resulted in significant reductions in the quantity of interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and IL-6 produced by stimulated [CD3/CD28, ConA, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] and tungstate-treated lymphocytes. Taken together, these data indicate that tungstate increases apoptosis of PBL, alters cell cycle progression, reduces cytokine production, and therefore warrants further investigation. C1 [Osterburg, Andrew R.; Robinson, Chad T.; Schwemberger, Sandy; Babcock, George F.] Cincinnati Shriners Hosp Children, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Osterburg, Andrew R.; Robinson, Chad T.; Schwemberger, Sandy; Babcock, George F.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Osterburg, Andrew R.; Mokashi, Vishwesh; Stockelman, Michael] WPAFB, USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Babcock, GF (reprint author), Shriners Hosp Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM aosterburg@shrinenet.org NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1547-691X J9 J IMMUNOTOXICOL JI J. Immunotoxicol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 7 IS 3 BP 174 EP 182 DI 10.3109/15476911003631617 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 651HU UT WOS:000281919600004 PM 20178456 ER PT J AU Said, MM El-Mohamady, H El-Beih, FM Rockabrand, DM Ismail, TF Monteville, MR Ahmed, SF Klena, JD Salama, MS AF Said, Mayar M. El-Mohamady, Hanan El-Beih, Fawkia M. Rockabrand, David M. Ismail, Tharwat F. Monteville, Marshall R. Ahmed, Salwa F. Klena, John D. Salama, Mohamed S. TI Detection of gyrA mutation among clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni isolated in Egypt by MAMA PCR SO JOURNAL OF INFECTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES LA English DT Article DE fluoroquinolone resistance; mismatch sequence detection; Africa AB Introduction: Campylobacter spp are the major cause of enteritis in humans and more than 90% of reported infections are caused by Campylobacter jejuni. Fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin are the antibiotics of choice for treatment. An increase in the frequency of ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter has been reported globally due to a single base mutation (C-257 to T) in codon 86 of the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA gene altering the amino acid sequence from threonine at position 86 to isoleucine (Thr-86 to Ile). Methodology: Campylobacter spp (n = 118) were selected from a collection of Egyptian isolates spanning 1998 to 2005. The presence of C. jejuni gyrA gene was confirmed in each isolate by a PCR assay amplifying 368bp portion of the gyrA gene. C to T alteration was detected by the mismatch amplification mutation assay MAMA PCR. The MIC of nalidixic acid (NA) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) was determined by E-test. Results: C. jejuni gyrA gene was detected in 100 of the Campylobacter spp studied; the other 18 isolates were found to be Campylobacter coli by lpxA PCR. The mutation was detected in 89 C. jejuni resistant isolates with MIC values (NA; 8 - >256 mu g/ml) and (CIP; 4 - >32 mu g/ml). The other 11 sensitive C. jejuni isolates with MIC values (NA; 0.38 - 3 mu g/ml) and (CIP; 0.03 - 0.125 mu g/ml) were not amplified by the MAMA primers. There was 100% congruence with MAMA PCR, MIC results and gyrA gene sequence analysis. Conclusions: In Egypt the main mechanism for resistance to fluoroquinolones is an alteration in the gyrA QRDR. MAMA PCR provides an economical and rapid means for screening fluoroquinolone resistance. C1 [Said, Mayar M.; El-Mohamady, Hanan; Rockabrand, David M.; Monteville, Marshall R.; Ahmed, Salwa F.; Klena, John D.] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [El-Beih, Fawkia M.; Salama, Mohamed S.] Ain Shams Univ, Fac Sci, Cairo, Egypt. [Ismail, Tharwat F.] World Hlth Org, Kabul, Afghanistan. RP Said, MM (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, PSC 452,Box 5000, Fpo, AE 09835 USA. EM mayar.said.eg@med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Salama, Mohamed/P-7169-2016 FU Clinical Trials Microbiology Laboratory; [847705.82000.25GB.E0018] FX We express our appreciation to the staff of the Clinical Trials Microbiology Laboratory for their support of this project. Work was supported by work unit# 847705.82000.25GB.E0018. The study protocol was approved by the Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 Institutional Review Board in compliance with all applicable Federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects. in Research CPHS# 96New DoD #NAMRU-3.2000.0002. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU J INFECTION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES PI TRAMANIGLIO PA JIDC CENT OFF PORTO CONTE RICERCHE RES CTR, S P 55, PORTO CONTE CAPO CACCIA KM 8.400 LOC, TRAMANIGLIO, 07041, ITALY SN 1972-2680 J9 J INFECT DEV COUNTR JI J. Infect. Dev. Ctries. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 4 IS 9 BP 546 EP 554 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA V22CF UT WOS:000208252600002 PM 21045366 ER PT J AU Garcia-Infanta, JM Zhilyaev, AP Carreno, F Ruano, OA Su, JQ Menon, SK McNelley, TR AF Garcia-Infanta, J. M. Zhilyaev, A. P. Carreno, F. Ruano, O. A. Su, J. Q. Menon, S. K. McNelley, T. R. TI Strain path and microstructure evolution during severe deformation processing of an as-cast hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Ultrafine Grained Materials CY FEB 14-18, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP Minerals, Metals & Mat Soc ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; HIGH-PRESSURE TORSION; GRAIN-REFINEMENT AB Microstructure evolution in an as-cast Na modified Al-7%Si (wt. pct.) alloy was examined during redundant and monotonic straining by repetitive equi-channel angular pressing (ECAP) under ambient temperature conditions, and during friction stir processing (FSP). Redundant straining during repetitive ECAP was accomplished by processing following route B(C) while monotonic straining employed route A. Single- and multi-pass FSP was conducted on this same as-cast material using an FSP tool having a threaded pin. The as-cast microstructure comprises equiaxed primary alpha dendrite cells embedded in the Al-Si eutectic constituent. The evolution of this microstructure during repetitive ECAP can be described by idealized models of this process. The primary and eutectic constituents can still be discerned and the Si particle distribution is not homogenized even during ambient temperature processing involving von Mises strains > 9.0. In contrast, the primary and eutectic constituents cannot be distinguished in the stir zone after even a single FSP pass. Strain estimates based on the shape change of the primary alpha constituent indicate that the Si particle distribution has become homogeneous at local von Mises strains of 2.5-3.0 during the FSP thermomechanical cycle. Mechanical property data are consistent with strain path during SPD processing by repetitive ECAP and FSP. C1 [Su, J. Q.; Menon, S. K.; McNelley, T. R.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Zhilyaev, A. P.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Superplast Problems, Ufa 450001, Russia. [Garcia-Infanta, J. M.; Zhilyaev, A. P.; Carreno, F.; Ruano, O. A.] CSIC, CENIM, Dept Met Phys, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP McNelley, TR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tmcnelley@nps.edu RI Carreno, Fernando/F-6141-2011; Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010; Ruano, Oscar/H-1835-2015; OI Carreno, Fernando/0000-0003-0754-2518; Ruano, Oscar/0000-0001-6368-986X; Zhilyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1902-8703 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 45 IS 17 SI SI BP 4613 EP 4620 DI 10.1007/s10853-010-4530-4 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 622RZ UT WOS:000279684400010 ER PT J AU Elster, EA Hawksworth, JS Cheng, O Leeser, DB Ring, M Tadaki, DK Kleiner, DE Eberhardt, JS Brown, TS Mannon, RB AF Elster, Eric A. Hawksworth, Jason S. Cheng, Orlena Leeser, David B. Ring, Michael Tadaki, Douglas K. Kleiner, David E. Eberhardt, John S., III Brown, Trevor S. Mannon, Roslyn B. TI Probabilistic (Bayesian) Modeling of Gene Expression in Transplant Glomerulopathy SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC ALLOGRAFT NEPHROPATHY; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; RENAL-TRANSPLANTATION; FUTURE-DIRECTIONS; ACUTE REJECTION; T-CELLS; RECIPIENTS; BIOPSIES; INJURY; C4D AB Transplant glomerulopathy (TG) is associated with rapid decline in glomerular filtration rate and poor outcome. We used low-density arrays with a novel probabilistic analysis to characterize relationships between gene transcripts and the development of TG in allograft recipients. Retrospective review identified TG in 10.8% of 963 core biopsies from 166 patients; patients with stable function were studied for comparison. The biopsies were analyzed for expression of 87 genes related to immune function and fibrosis by using real-time PCR, and a Bayesian model was generated and validated to predict histopathology based on gene expression. A total of 57 individual genes were increased in TG compared with stable function biopsies (P < 0.05). The Bayesian analysis identified critical relationships between ICAM-1, IL-10, CCL3, CD86, VCAM-1, MMP-9, MMP-7, and LAMC2 and allograft pathology. Moreover, Bayesian models predicted TG when derived from either immune function (area under the curve [95% confidence interval] of 0.875 [0.675 to 0.999], P = 0.004) or fibrosis (area under the curve [95% confidence interval] of 0.859 [0.754 to 0.963], P < 0.001) gene networks. Critical pathways in the Bayesian models were also analyzed by using the Fisher exact test and had P values <0.005. This study demonstrates that evaluating quantitative gene expression profiles with Bayesian modeling can identify significant transcriptional associations that have the potential to support the diagnostic capability of allograft histology. This integrated approach has broad implications in the field of transplant diagnostics. (J Mol Diagn 2010, 12:653-663; DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2010.090101) C1 [Elster, Eric A.; Hawksworth, Jason S.; Tadaki, Douglas K.; Brown, Trevor S.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Regenerat Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Elster, Eric A.; Hawksworth, Jason S.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Organ Transplant Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Elster, Eric A.; Cheng, Orlena; Ring, Michael; Mannon, Roslyn B.] NIDDK, NIH, Washington, DC USA. [Elster, Eric A.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Leeser, David B.] Weill Cornell Med Ctr, Dept Surg, New York, NY USA. [Kleiner, David E.] NCI, Pathol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Eberhardt, John S., III] Decis Q Corp, Washington, DC USA. RP Elster, EA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Regenerat Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM eric.elster1@med.navy.mil RI Brown, Trevor/K-4703-2012; Brown, Trevor/F-7392-2015; OI Brown, Trevor/0000-0001-7042-785X; Brown, Trevor/0000-0001-7042-785X; Kleiner, David/0000-0003-3442-4453 FU US Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery; National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney Diseases [Z01-DK062008] FX Supported in part by the US Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery and by the intramural research program of the National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney Diseases Z01-DK062008 (R.B.M.). NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 12 IS 5 BP 653 EP 663 DI 10.2353/jmoldx.2010.090101 PG 11 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 648JW UT WOS:000281690800014 PM 20688906 ER PT J AU Ardhuin, F Rogers, E Babanin, AV Filipot, JF Magne, R Roland, A van der Westhuysen, A Queffeulou, P Lefevre, JM Aouf, L Collard, F AF Ardhuin, Fabrice Rogers, Erick Babanin, Alexander V. Filipot, Jean-Francois Magne, Rudy Roland, Aaron van der Westhuysen, Andre Queffeulou, Pierre Lefevre, Jean-Michel Aouf, Lotfi Collard, Fabrice TI Semiempirical Dissipation Source Functions for Ocean Waves. Part I: Definition, Calibration, and Validation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; WIND-GENERATED WAVES; QUASI-LINEAR THEORY; GRAVITY-WAVES; BREAKING WAVES; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; EQUILIBRIUM RANGE; SURFACE-WAVES; MODEL; SPECTRUM AB New parameterizations for the spectral dissipation of wind-generated waves are proposed. The rates of dissipation have no predetermined spectral shapes and are functions of the wave spectrum and wind speed and direction, in a way consistent with observations of wave breaking and swell dissipation properties. Namely, the swell dissipation is nonlinear and proportional to the swell steepness, and dissipation due to wave breaking is nonzero only when a nondimensional spectrum exceeds the threshold at which waves are observed to start breaking. An additional source of short-wave dissipation is introduced to represent the dissipation of short waves due to longer breaking waves. A reduction of the wind-wave generation of short waves is meant to account for the momentum flux absorbed by longer waves. These parameterizations are combined and calibrated with the discrete interaction approximation for the nonlinear interactions. Parameters are adjusted to reproduce observed shapes of directional wave spectra, and the variability of spectral moments with wind speed and wave height. The wave energy balance is verified in a wide range of conditions and scales, from the global ocean to coastal settings. Wave height, peak and mean periods, and spectral data are validated using in situ and remote sensing data. Some systematic defects are still present, but, overall, the parameterizations probably yield the most accurate estimates of wave parameters to date. Perspectives for further improvement are also given. C1 [Ardhuin, Fabrice; Filipot, Jean-Francois; Magne, Rudy; Queffeulou, Pierre] Serv Hydrog & Oceanog Marine, Brest, France. [Rogers, Erick] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Babanin, Alexander V.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Roland, Aaron] Technol Univ Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany. [van der Westhuysen, Andre] Deltares, Delft, Netherlands. [Lefevre, Jean-Michel; Aouf, Lotfi] Meteo France CNRS, UMR GAME, Toulouse, France. [Collard, Fabrice] CLS, Div Radar, Plouzane, France. RP Ardhuin, F (reprint author), IFREMER, Lab Oceanog Spatiale, F-29200 Plouzane, France. EM ardhuin@ifremer.fr RI Ardhuin, Fabrice/A-1364-2011; Babanin, Alexander/A-6676-2008; OI Ardhuin, Fabrice/0000-0002-9309-9681; Babanin, Alexander/0000-0002-8595-8204 NR 103 TC 184 Z9 186 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1917 EP 1941 DI 10.1175/2010JPO4324.1 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 654VK UT WOS:000282198900001 ER PT J AU Thoppil, PG Hogan, PJ AF Thoppil, Prasad G. Hogan, Patrick J. TI A Modeling Study of Circulation and Eddies in the Persian Gulf SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ARABIAN GULF; RESIDUAL CURRENTS; COMPUTATION; DRIVEN; HORMUZ; STRAIT; FLOW AB The circulation and mesoscale eddies in the Persian Gulf are investigated using results from a high-resolution (similar to 1 km) Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). The circulation in the Persian Gulf is composed of two spatial scales: basin scale and mesoscale. The progression of a cyclonic circulation cell dominates the basin-scale circulation in the eastern half of the gulf (52 degrees-55 degrees E) during March-July. This is primarily the consequence of density-driven outflow-inflow through the Strait of Hormuz and strong stratification. A northwestward-flowing Iranian Coastal Current (ICC; 30-40 cm s(-1)) between the Strait of Hormuz and north of Qatar (similar to 52 degrees E) forms the northern flank of the cell. Between July and August the ICC becomes unstable because of the baroclinic instability mechanism by releasing the potential energy stored in the cross-shelf density gradient. As a result, the meanders in the ICC evolve into a series of mesoscale eddies, which is denoted as the Iranian coastal eddies (ICE). The ICE have a diameter of about 115-130 km and extend vertically over most of the water column. Three cyclonic eddies produced by the model during August-September 2005 compared quite well with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) SST and chlorophyll-a observations. The remnants of ICE are seen until November, after which they dissipate as the winter cooling causes the thermocline to collapse. C1 [Thoppil, Prasad G.; Hogan, Patrick J.] USN, Res Lab, Open Ocean Proc & Predict Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Thoppil, PG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Open Ocean Proc & Predict Sect, Code 7323, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM thoppil@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [601153N] FX This paper is a contribution to the coastal ocean nesting studies project sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under Program Element 601153N. It is also a contribution to the NRL project Full Column Mixing for Numerical Ocean Models. The simulations were performed on IBM-SP4 workstations at the Naval Oceanographic Office under a grant of computer time from the DoD High Performance Computer Modernization Office (HPCMO). Alan Wallcraft is thanked for his substantial contribution to this effort through his work on model development and his computer expertise. The insightful comments from the two reviewers helped improve the quality of the paper, and we thank them for their thorough review. We are extremely grateful to Dr. Frank Bub for drifter data from the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO). We have benefited from discussions with M. Ikeda, Hokkaido University, and J. Richman, NRL. MODIS data (available online at http://poet.jpl.nasa.gov and http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov) and NODC data (available online at http://www.nodc.noaa.gov) were downloaded. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 40 IS 9 BP 2122 EP 2134 DI 10.1175/2010JPO4227.1 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 654VK UT WOS:000282198900012 ER PT J AU Bautista, CT Todd, CS Abed, AMS Botros, BA Strathdee, SA Earhart, KC Safi, N Scott, PT AF Bautista, Christian T. Todd, Catherine S. Abed, Abdullah M. S. Botros, Boulos A. Strathdee, Steffanie A. Earhart, Kenneth C. Safi, Naqibullah Scott, Paul T. TI Effects of duration of injection drug use and age at first injection on HCV among IDU in Kabul, Afghanistan(dagger) SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Afghanistan; age; duration; first injection; HCV; IDU; risk ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; HIV; PROGRAMS; SEROCONVERSION; TRANSMISSION; INITIATION; EQUIPMENT AB Hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence is high among injection drug users (IDUs) in Afghanistan. Duration of injection and young age at first injection are common risk factors for HCV in IDU populations. The association of HCV with these time factors was analyzed. Socio-demographic and drug use behavior information were collected. Participants had rapid testing for HCV with recombinant immunoblot assay confirmation. Modeling of non-linear associations was performed using fractional polynomial logistic regression. Among 459 male IDUs, age at first injection had a constant HCV risk (odds ratio (OR): 1.01 per year; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98-1.03), while each additional year of injection drug use had a significantly increased risk (OR: 4.72 per year, 95% CI: 2.92-7.66). HCV risk increased significantly with each additional year of injecting drug use by groups of injectors: young (< 22 years, OR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.27-3.07), middle (23-28 years, OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.28-2.43) and older (>= 29 years, OR: 7.56; 95% CI: 3.15-18.14). The probability of HCV infection increased markedly by duration of injection drug use and varied according to age at first injection. Drug counseling and educational efforts should be directed to older drug users who have not yet initiated injecting and to young IDUs to avert infection and reduce risky drug use behaviors. C1 [Bautista, Christian T.; Scott, Paul T.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. [Todd, Catherine S.; Strathdee, Steffanie A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Int Hlth & Cross Cultural Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Abed, Abdullah M. S.] Minist Publ Hlth, Natl AIDS Control Program, Kabul, Afghanistan. [Botros, Boulos A.; Earhart, Kenneth C.; Safi, Naqibullah] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Virol Res Program, Cairo, Egypt. RP Bautista, CT (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. EM cbautista@hivresearch.org RI Bautista, Christian/B-2812-2011 FU Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) [1176, RV182] FX This work was supported by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR # 1176, RV182). NR 27 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1741-3842 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH-UK JI J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2010 VL 32 IS 3 BP 336 EP 341 DI 10.1093/pubmed/fdq020 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 642EG UT WOS:000281186000010 PM 20421237 ER PT J AU Shen, YT Hess, DE AF Shen, Young T. Hess, David E. TI An Experimental Method to Satisfy Dynamic Similarity Requirements for Model Submarine Maneuvers SO JOURNAL OF SHIP RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics (hull form); submersibles; manuevering AB Dimensional analysis and dynamic similarity requirements show that Reynolds, Froude, and Strouhal scales are important parameters to be satisfied for free-running submarine model (FRM) maneuvering experiments so that they correctly represent full-scale behavior. The requirement that all three scales be satisfied simultaneously presents conflicting demands on the relationship between the velocity U and the characteristic length L of the model. The inability to meet these demands presents technical challenges to properly satisfy dynamic similarity for the FRM. Instead, we take a first-principles approach by considering the forces and moments acting on the vehicle and seek solutions that dynamically produce the same scaled forces and moments on the model as exist on the full-scale vehicle. Thus, this paper presents an extended dynamic similarity theory, introducing scaling formulas that have been derived from similarity solutions. These are applied to an unsteady turning maneuver of the FRM to suggest an improved experimental program. The improved approach will then dynamically satisfy the aforementioned three scaling parameters. C1 [Shen, Young T.; Hess, David E.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Shen, YT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD USA. FU Office of Naval Research [331] FX This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research within the Turbulence Stratified Wakes program, and the program manager is Dr. Ronald Joslin, Code 331. We would like to express special thanks to Dr. Edward Ammeen for his continuous encouragement, guidance, discussion, and support. Valuable comments and discussion by Mr. Jude Brown are also greatly appreciated. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0022-4502 J9 J SHIP RES JI J. Ship Res. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 54 IS 3 BP 149 EP 160 PG 12 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 640UV UT WOS:000281080000001 ER PT J AU Hayek, SI Boisvert, JE AF Hayek, Sabih I. Boisvert, Jeffrey E. TI Vibration of elliptic cylindrical shells: Higher order shell theory SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CIRCUMFERENTIALLY VARYING THICKNESS; PROPAGATION; WAVES AB The equations for the free vibration of an elliptic cylindrical shell of constant thickness were derived using a Ritz approach. A higher order shell theory is employed that includes the effects of shear deformation, rotary inertia, and symmetric and antisymmetric thickness stretch deformations. The frequency-wavenumber spectrum has seven branches: flexural, extensional, torsional, two thickness shear, and two thickness stretch. The resulting seven coupled algebraic equations are symmetric and positive definite. The shell has a constant thickness, h, finite length, L, and is "simply supported" at its ends, (z=0, L), where z is the axial coordinate. The elliptic cross-section is defined by the shape parameter, a, and the half-length of the major axis, l. The modal solutions are expanded in a doubly infinite series of comparison functions in terms of circular functions in the angular and axial coordinates. Numerical results for the natural frequencies were obtained for two values of h/l and L/l, and various shape parameters, including the limiting case of a simply supported cylindrical shell (a approximate to 100). [DOI: 10.1121/1.3466873] C1 [Hayek, Sabih I.] Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Boisvert, Jeffrey E.] USN, Sea Syst Command Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Hayek, SI (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, 227 Hammond Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. FU Office of Naval Research/American Society of Engineering Education (ONR/ASEE) FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research/American Society of Engineering Education (ONR/ASEE) Summer Faculty Research Program. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 128 IS 3 BP 1063 EP 1072 DI 10.1121/1.3466873 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 649UP UT WOS:000281799800019 PM 20815443 ER PT J AU Au, WWL Houser, DS Finneran, JJ Lee, WJ Talmadge, LA Moore, PW AF Au, Whitlow W. L. Houser, Dorian S. Finneran, James J. Lee, Wu-Jung Talmadge, Lois A. Moore, Patrick W. TI The acoustic field on the forehead of echolocating Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Animal Sonar Symposium CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; BEAM; HEAD; TRANSMISSION; BLUBBER; TISSUES; SIGNALS; LIPIDS; WHALE; MELON AB Arrays of up to six broadband suction cup hydrophones were placed on the forehead of two bottlenose dolphins to determine the location where the beam axis emerges and to examine how signals in the acoustic near-field relate to signals in the far-field. Four different array geometries were used; a linear one with hydrophones arranged along the midline of the forehead, and two around the front of the melon at 1.4 and 4.2 cm above the rostrum insertion, and one across the melon in certain locations not measured by other configurations. The beam axis was found to be close to the midline of the melon, approximately 5.4 cm above the rostrum insert for both animals.. The signal path coincided with the low-density, low-velocity core of the melon; however, the data suggest that the signals are focused mainly by the air sacs. Slight asymmetry in the signals were found with higher amplitudes on the right side of the forehead. Although the signal waveform measured on the melon appeared distorted, when they are mathematically summed in the far-field, taking into account the relative time of arrival of the signals, the resultant waveform matched that measured by the hydrophone located at 1 m. (c) 2010 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3372643] C1 [Au, Whitlow W. L.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kailua, HI 96734 USA. [Houser, Dorian S.] Biomimetica, Santee, CA 92071 USA. [Finneran, James J.] USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92151 USA. [Lee, Wu-Jung] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, MIT WHOI Joint Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Talmadge, Lois A.; Moore, Patrick W.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. RP Au, WWL (reprint author), Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1106, Kailua, HI 96734 USA. OI Houser, Dorian/0000-0002-0960-8528 NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 128 IS 3 BP 1426 EP 1434 DI 10.1121/1.3372643 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 649UP UT WOS:000281799800052 PM 20815476 ER PT J AU Houser, DS Moore, PW Johnson, S Lutmerding, B Branstetter, B Ridgway, SH Trickey, J Finneran, JJ Jensen, E Hoh, C AF Houser, Dorian S. Moore, Patrick W. Johnson, Shawn Lutmerding, Betsy Branstetter, Brian Ridgway, Sam H. Trickey, Jennifer Finneran, James J. Jensen, Eric Hoh, Carl TI Relationship of blood flow and metabolism to acoustic processing centers of the dolphin brain SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Animal Sonar Symposium CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SLEEP; MECHANISMS; ASYMMETRY; DISPLAY AB Odontocete brain tissues associated with auditory processing are hypertrophied and modified relative to their terrestrial counterparts. The relationship between the functional demand on these tissues and metabolic substrate requirements is unknown. Using positron emission tomography (PET), relative cerebral blood flow was measured in a bottlenose dolphin. Approximately 60 mCi (13)NH(3) was administered to the dolphin via a catheter inserted into the hepatic vein and threaded proximate to the vena cava. Radio label initially appeared as distributed focal points in the cerebellum. Increasing scan time resulted in an increase in the number of focal regions and in the diffusivity of label activity throughout the brain. The time course and spatial distribution of radiolabel was consistent with a cerebral blood supply dominated by the spinal meningeal arteries. Blood flow was predominantly observed in the cerebellum and neocortex, particularly the auditory and visual cortex. Differential brain glucose uptake, previously measured in a separate dolphin, showed good agreement with the differential supply of blood to brain tissues. Rates of blood supply and glucose uptake in the auditory cortex, inferior colliculus, and cerebellum are consistent with a high metabolic demand of tissues which are important to the integration of auditory and other sensory inputs. (c) 2010 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3442572] C1 [Houser, Dorian S.; Moore, Patrick W.; Johnson, Shawn; Lutmerding, Betsy; Branstetter, Brian; Ridgway, Sam H.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Trickey, Jennifer] G2 Software Syst Inc, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [Hoh, Carl] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Finneran, James J.; Jensen, Eric] USN, Marine Mammal Program, SSC Pacific, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Houser, DS (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, 2240 Shelter Isl Dr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM dorian.houser@nmmfoundation.org OI Trickey, Jennifer/0000-0002-6080-8744; Houser, Dorian/0000-0002-0960-8528 NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 128 IS 3 BP 1460 EP 1466 DI 10.1121/1.3442572 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 649UP UT WOS:000281799800056 PM 20815480 ER PT J AU Finneran, JJ Houser, DS Moore, PW Branstetter, BK Trickey, JS Ridgway, SH AF Finneran, James J. Houser, Dorian S. Moore, Patrick W. Branstetter, Brian K. Trickey, Jennifer S. Ridgway, Sam H. TI A method to enable a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) to echolocate while out of water SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Animal Sonar Symposium CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE IMAGES; 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTIONS; HEARING; SENSITIVITY; ANATOMY; TARGET; BRAIN; GENERATION; WHALE; HEAD AB The study of site-specific brain activity associated with dolphin echolocation has been hampered by the difficulties inherent in administering radiolabels and performing medical imaging while a dolphin echolocates in an aquatic environment. To overcome these limitations, a system has been developed to allow a bottlenose dolphin to echolocate while out of the water. The system relies on a "phantom echo generator" (PEG) consisting of a Texas Instruments C6713 digital signal processor with an analog input/output daughtercard. Echolocation clicks produced by the dolphin are detected with a hydrophone embedded in a suction cup on the melon, then digitized within the PEG. Clicks exceeding a user-defined threshold are convolved with a target impulse response, delayed, and scaled before being converted to analog and transmitted through a sound projector embedded in a suction cup attached to the dolphin's lower jaw. Dolphin in-air echolocation behavior, inter-click intervals, and overall performance were analogous to those observed during comparable underwater testing with physical targets, demonstrating that the dolphin was indeed performing an echolocation task while out of water. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3471915] C1 [Finneran, James J.] USN, SSC Pacific, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Houser, Dorian S.; Moore, Patrick W.; Branstetter, Brian K.; Ridgway, Sam H.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Trickey, Jennifer S.] G2 Software Syst, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. RP Finneran, JJ (reprint author), USN, SSC Pacific, Marine Mammal Program, Code 71510,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. OI Trickey, Jennifer/0000-0002-6080-8744; Houser, Dorian/0000-0002-0960-8528 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 128 IS 3 BP 1483 EP 1489 DI 10.1121/1.3471915 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 649UP UT WOS:000281799800059 PM 20815483 ER PT J AU Joseph, JE Chiu, CS AF Joseph, John E. Chiu, Ching-Sang TI A computational assessment of the sensitivity of ambient noise level to ocean acidification SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOUND-ABSORPTION; EQUATION; SPECTRA; PH AB Low-frequency sound propagating through the ocean is partly attenuated by the pH-dependent boric acid relaxation process. Thus, the uptake of increased levels of atmospheric CO(2) by seawater, leading to reduced pH, has potential to change ambient noise levels. An important question is: By how much? Here, changes in ambient noise level due to hypothetical changes in seawater pH have been calculated at three receiver locations for years 1960 and 2250. The calculations used a range dependent propagation model that was applied to realistic environments based on climatology. Model results indicate changes in noise levels less than 0.21 dB are anticipated. C1 [Joseph, John E.; Chiu, Ching-Sang] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Joseph, JE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jejoseph@nps.edu; chiu@nps.edu NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 128 IS 3 BP EL144 EP EL149 DI 10.1121/1.3425738 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 649UP UT WOS:000281799800009 PM 20815431 ER PT J AU Reeder, DB Chiu, CS AF Reeder, D. Benjamin Chiu, Ching-Sang TI Ocean acidification and its impact on ocean noise: Phenomenology and analysis SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SPECTRA AB Ocean acidification has been observed since the beginning of the industrial era and is expected to further reduce ocean pH in the future. A significant increase in ocean noise has been suggested based upon the percentage change in acoustic absorption coefficient at low frequencies. Presented here is an analysis using transmission loss models of all relevant loss mechanisms for three environments experiencing a significant near-surface pH reduction of 8.1-7.4. Results show no observable change in the shallow water and surface duct environments, and a statistically insignificant change of less than 0.5 dB for all frequencies in the deep water environment. (C) 2010 Acoustical Society of America C1 [Reeder, D. Benjamin; Chiu, Ching-Sang] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Reeder, DB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dbreeder@nps.edu; chiu@nps.edu NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 16 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 128 IS 3 BP EL137 EP EL143 DI 10.1121/1.3431091 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 649UP UT WOS:000281799800008 PM 20815430 ER PT J AU Cevallos, A Gregory, MJ Gamble, CS Meza, R Nunez, G Bentzel, DE O'Dowd, A Hall, ER Savarino, SJ Porter, CK Maves, R AF Cevallos, A. Gregory, M. J. Gamble, C. S. Meza, R. Nunez, G. Bentzel, D. E. O'Dowd, A. Hall, E. R. Savarino, S. J. Porter, C. K. Maves, R. TI Serum Chemistry and Hematological Reference Values for Captive Aotus nancymaae Monkeys SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cevallos, A.; Gregory, M. J.; Gamble, C. S.; Meza, R.; Nunez, G.; Maves, R.] Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [O'Dowd, A.; Hall, E. R.; Savarino, S. J.; Porter, C. K.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Bentzel, D. E.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1559-6109 J9 J AM ASSOC LAB ANIM JI J. Amer. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 49 IS 5 BP 747 EP 747 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 652CG UT WOS:000281977900316 ER PT J AU Sassi, F Garcia, RR Marsh, D Koppel, KW AF Sassi, Fabrizio Garcia, R. R. Marsh, D. Koppel, K. W. TI The Role of the Middle Atmosphere in Simulations of the Troposphere during Northern Hemisphere Winter: Differences between High- and Low-Top Models SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC SUDDEN WARMINGS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GRAVITY-WAVE DRAG; WEATHER REGIMES; CLIMATE MODELS; PARAMETERIZATION; TEMPERATURES; PROPAGATION AB This paper compares present-day simulations made with two state-of-the-art climate models: a conventional model specifically designed to represent the tropospheric climate, which has a poorly resolved middle atmosphere, and a configuration that is built on the same physics and numerical algorithms but represents realistically the middle atmosphere and lower thermosphere. The atmospheric behavior is found to be different between the two model configurations, and it is shown that the differences in the two simulations can be attributed to differences in the behavior of the zonal mean state of the stratosphere, where reflection of quasi-stationary resolved planetary waves from the lid of the low-top model is prominent; the more realistic physics in the high-top model is not relevant. It is also shown that downward propagation of zonal wind anomalies during weak stratospheric vortex events is substantially different in the two model configurations. These findings extend earlier results that a poorly resolved stratosphere can influence simulations throughout the troposphere. C1 [Sassi, Fabrizio] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Garcia, R. R.; Marsh, D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Koppel, K. W.] USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sassi, F (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fabrizio.sassi@nrl.navy.mil RI Marsh, Daniel/A-8406-2008; OI Marsh, Daniel/0000-0001-6699-494X; Sassi, Fabrizio/0000-0002-9492-7434 FU Office of Naval Research through NRL; National Science Foundation FX The authors thank J. Perlwitz for comments on this manuscript. Comments from three anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. FS was supported by the Office of Naval Research through NRL's base 6.1 research program.; The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 67 IS 9 BP 3048 EP 3064 DI 10.1175/2010JAS3255.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 655LL UT WOS:000282251400021 ER PT J AU Wang, JW Jordan, EH Gell, M AF Wang, Jiwen Jordan, Eric H. Gell, Maurice TI Plasma Sprayed Dense MgO-Y2O3 Nanocomposite Coatings Using Sol-Gel Combustion Synthesized Powder SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air plasma spray; magnesia; nanocomposite; plasma spray coatings; yttria ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ZIRCONIA COATINGS; TITANIA COATINGS; THERMAL BARRIER; ALUMINA; CERAMICS; FABRICATION AB MgO-Y2O3 nanostructured composite powder (volume ratio of 50:50) was synthesized by a sol-gel combustion process which generated crystal sizes in the 10-20 nm range. The MgO-Y2O3 nanopowder was plasma sprayed using a conventional, DC arc plasma spray system. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the as-sprayed MgO-Y2O3 coating is composed of cubic MgO and Y2O3 phases and has similar to 95% density. Microstructure characterization by SEM reveals that the as-sprayed coating has fine grain sizes of 100-300 nm as a result of rapid solidification. The hardness of the coating, 7.5 +/- A 0.6 GPa, is higher than that of coarse-grained, dense MgO, and Y2O3 ceramics. This approach demonstrates the potential of plasma spray processes for making thick, dense MgO-Y2O3 nanocomposite performs for applications as durable, infrared windows. C1 [Wang, Jiwen; Gell, Maurice] Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Dept Chem Mat & Biomol Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Wang, Jiwen] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jordan, Eric H.] Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT USA. RP Wang, JW (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Dept Chem Mat & Biomol Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM wangjiwen@gmail.com; jordan@engr.uconn.edu FU Raytheon Corporation; DARPA/ONR FX This work is supported by a sub-contract from Raytheon Corporation, from a prime contract funded by DARPA/ONR. We also appreciate the characterization support of Dr. Lichun Zhang and Mr. Chigozie Muoto. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9630 J9 J THERM SPRAY TECHN JI J. Therm. Spray Technol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 19 IS 5 BP 873 EP 878 DI 10.1007/s11666-010-9496-x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 642YC UT WOS:000281256800004 ER PT J AU Wan, AS Kushto, GP Makinen, AJ AF Wan, A. S. Kushto, G. P. Maekinen, A. J. TI Monolayer structure of a liquid crystalline perylene derivative on bare and on thiol-terminated Au(111) surfaces SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; GROWTH; GOLD AB Monolayers of N,N-ditridecyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-C13) deposited on flat, vicinal, and alkane thiol-terminated surfaces of Au(111) exhibit a number of different phases. By carefully analyzing the structure of each monolayer phase, the authors are able to elucidate the effects of natural templating, provided by Au surface reconstruction and by the geometric constrain of stepped Au surface, in determining the phase of the PTCDI-C13 monolayer. This highlights the utility of surface templating for supramolecular chemistry and molecular electronics. (C) 2010 American Vacuum Society. [DOT: 10.1116/1.3462036] C1 [Wan, A. S.; Kushto, G. P.; Maekinen, A. J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wan, AS (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM antti.makinen@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research for support of this work. This research was performed while A.S.W. held a National Research Council Research Associateship at the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1275 EP 1278 DI 10.1116/1.3462036 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 655EX UT WOS:000282230400037 ER PT J AU Chang, CY Anderson, T Hite, J Lu, L Lo, CF Chu, BH Cheney, DJ Douglas, EA Gila, BP Ren, F Via, GD Whiting, P Holzworth, R Jones, KS Jang, S Pearton, SJ AF Chang, Chih-Yang Anderson, Travis Hite, Jennifer Lu, Liu Lo, Chien-Fong Chu, Byung-Hwan Cheney, D. J. Douglas, E. A. Gila, B. P. Ren, F. Via, G. D. Whiting, Patrick Holzworth, R. Jones, K. S. Jang, Soohwan Pearton, S. J. TI Reverse gate bias-induced degradation of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article DE aluminium compounds; electroluminescence; gallium compounds; high electron mobility transistors; III-V semiconductors; photoluminescence; stress effects; transmission electron microscopy; wide band gap semiconductors ID HEMTS; RELIABILITY; MECHANISMS; DEFECTS; VOLTAGE AB A threshold reverse bias of similar to 21 V was observed leading to a sharp increase in the gate current of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors biased at low source-drain voltage (5 V). The gate current increases by one to two orders of magnitude at this bias, corresponding to an electric field strength around 1.8 MV cm(-1). The gate current increased by roughly five orders of magnitude after step-stressing the gate bias from 10 to 42 V in 1 V increments for 1 min at each bias. The drain current was also decreased by similar to 20% after this step-stress cycle. The photoluminescence and electroluminescence intensity from the semiconductor is decreased along the periphery of the gate region after stressing and transmission electron microscopy shows a thin native oxide layer under the gate and this disappears as the gate metal reacts with the underlying AlGaN. (C) 2010 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3491038] C1 [Chang, Chih-Yang; Douglas, E. A.; Gila, B. P.; Whiting, Patrick; Holzworth, R.; Jones, K. S.; Pearton, S. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Anderson, Travis; Hite, Jennifer] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lu, Liu; Lo, Chien-Fong; Chu, Byung-Hwan; Ren, F.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Cheney, D. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Via, G. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jang, Soohwan] Dankook Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Yongin 448701, South Korea. RP Chang, CY (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu RI Douglas, Erica/J-3732-2014; Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Douglas, Erica/0000-0003-1873-0223; Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU AFOSR MURI FX This work is supported by an AFOSR MURI monitored by Kitt Reinhardt and Gregg Jessen. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1044 EP 1047 DI 10.1116/1.3491038 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 657TH UT WOS:000282434900030 ER PT J AU Kim, HC Lee, IY Chong, ST Richards, AL Gu, SH Song, JW Lee, JS Klein, TA AF Kim, Heung Chul Lee, In Yong Chong, Sung Tae Richards, Allen L. Gu, Se Hun Song, Jin-Won Lee, John S. Klein, Terry A. TI Serosurveillance of Scrub Typhus in Small Mammals Collected from Military Training Sites near the DMZ, Northern Gyeonggi-do, Korea, and Analysis of the Relative Abundance of Chiggers from Mammals Examined SO KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apodemus agrarius; Mus musculus; Crocidura lasiura; chigger; Leptotrombidium; scrub typhus ID REPUBLIC-OF-KOREA; FIRING POINTS 10; GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; SEROLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE; MURINE TYPHUS; LEPTOSPIROSIS; PROVINCE; TSUTSUGAMUSHI AB Comprehensive quarterly serosurveillance on scrub typhus in small mammals collected from military training sites located near the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), northern Gyeonggi-do (Province), ROK was conducted to determine the potential rodent-borne and associated ectoparasite disease risks to military personnel. A total of 1,196 rodents and insectivores representing 8 species, Apodemus agrarius (87.3%, n = 1,044), Mus musculus (5.4%, n = 65), Crocidura lasiura (3.3%, n = 40), Microtus fortis (2.6%, n = 31), Micromys minutus (0.3%, n = 4), Tscherskia triton (0.3%, n = 4), Rattus norvegicus (0.3%, n = 4), and Myodes regulus (0.3%, n = 4) were assayed for the presence of antibodies to Orientia tsutsugamushi. O. tsutsugamushi antibodies were detected in 6 of 8 species and seroprevalence determined; A. agrarius (45.6%), M. musculus (23.1%), M. fortis (48.4%), M. minutus (50.0%), T. triton (50.0%), and R. norvegicus (25.0%). A total of 31,184 chigger mites collected from 508 rodents and insectivores were slide-mounted and 10 species belonging to 4 genera were identified. Leptotrombidium pallidum (53.4%) was the most frequently collected, followed by L. palpale (15.7%), Neotrombicula tamiyai (14.3%), L. orientale (10.7%), L. zetum (3.1%), Walchia fragilis (2.1%), and L. gemiticulum (0.8%), while the remaining 3 species, L. subintermedium, N. gardellai, and Euschoengastia koreaensis were rarely observed (prevalence < 10%). In contrast to previous surveys, higher chigger indices of the primary scrub typhus vectors, L. pallidum (165.4), L. orientale (45.0), and L. palpale (21.4), were observed during the spring season. C1 [Lee, In Yong] Yonsei Univ, Dept Environm Med Biol, Coll Med, Seoul 120752, South Korea. [Kim, Heung Chul; Chong, Sung Tae] 168th Multifunct Med Detachment, Med Detachment 5, Med Brigade 65, Unit 15247, APO, AP 96205 USA. [Richards, Allen L.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Gu, Se Hun; Song, Jin-Won] Korea Univ, Coll Med, Dept Microbiol, Seoul 136705, South Korea. [Lee, John S.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Klein, Terry A.] USAMEDDAC Korea, Med Brigade 65, Unit 15281, APO, AP 96205 USA. RP Lee, IY (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Environm Med Biol, Coll Med, Seoul 120752, South Korea. EM iylee02@yuhs.ac RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center; Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, Silver Spring, MD; National Center for Medical Intelligence, Ft Detrick, MD FX We thank members of 5th and 38th Medical Detachment for conducting small mammal collections as part of the rodent-borne disease surveillance program of 65th Medical Brigade. We also appreciate the support from Dr. Glen Livet that he provided during this study. Funding for the portion of this work was provided by the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, Silver Spring, MD, and the National Center for Medical Intelligence, Ft Detrick, MD. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU KOREAN SOC PARASITOLOGY, SEOUL NATL UNIV COLL MEDI PI SEOUL PA DEPT PARASITOLOGY, SEOUL, 00000, SOUTH KOREA SN 0023-4001 J9 KOREAN J PARASITOL JI Korean J. Parasitol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 48 IS 3 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.3347/kjp.2010.48.3.237 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 662AQ UT WOS:000282778700007 PM 20877503 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM AF Jordan, P. M. TI On the application of the Cole-Hopf transformation to hyperbolic equations based on second-sound models SO MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTERS IN SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE Hyperbolic Burgers' equation; Cole-Hopf transformation; Kinematic-wave theory; Traveling waves ID HEAT-CONDUCTION; BLOW-UP; FISHER; WAVES; LAW AB We point out and examine two nonlinear, hyperbolic equations, both of which arise in kinematic-wave theory, that can be solved exactly using a conditional application of the Cole-Hopf transformation. Both of these equations are based on flux relations that were originally proposed as models of thermal wave phenomena, also known as second-sound. We then show how this method can be extended and used to obtain a particular type of exact solution to a class of nonlinear, hyperbolic PDEs. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of IMACS. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil FU ONR/NRL FX The author wishes to thank Prof. Thiab Taha for his efforts in making this special issue possible. The author also wishes to thank the four anonymous referees for their extremely helpful comments and suggestions. This work was supported by ONR/NRL funding. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4754 J9 MATH COMPUT SIMULAT JI Math. Comput. Simul. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 81 IS 1 BP 18 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.matcom.2010.06.011 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 659KX UT WOS:000282566500003 ER PT J AU Price, MC Kearsley, AT Burchell, MJ Horz, F Borg, J Bridges, JC Cole, MJ Floss, C Graham, G Green, SF Hoppe, P Leroux, H Marhas, KK Park, N Stroud, R Stadermann, FJ Telisch, N Wozniakiewicz, PJ AF Price, M. C. Kearsley, A. T. Burchell, M. J. Hoerz, F. Borg, J. Bridges, J. C. Cole, M. J. Floss, C. Graham, G. Green, S. F. Hoppe, P. Leroux, H. Marhas, K. K. Park, N. Stroud, R. Stadermann, F. J. Telisch, N. Wozniakiewicz, P. J. TI Comet 81P/Wild 2: The size distribution of finer (sub-10 mu m) dust collected by the Stardust spacecraft SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ALUMINUM FOILS; HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; LABORATORY IMPACTS; PARTICLE-SIZE; STRAIN-RATE; CRATERS; RESIDUES; SIMULATION AB The fluence of dust particles < 10 mu m in diameter was recorded by impacts on aluminum foil of the NASA Stardust spacecraft during a close flyby of comet 81P/Wild 2 in 2004. Initial interpretation of craters for impactor particle dimensions and mass was based upon laboratory experimental simulations using projectiles less than > 10 mu m in diameter and the resulting linear relationship of projectile to crater diameter was extrapolated to smaller sizes. We now describe a new experimental calibration program firing very small monodisperse silica projectiles (470 nm-10 mu m) at approximately 6 km s-1. The results show an unexpected departure from linear relationship between 1 and 10 mu m. We collated crater measurement data and, where applicable, impactor residue data for 596 craters gathered during the postmission preliminary examination phase. Using the new calibration, we recalculate the size of the particle responsible for each crater and hence reinterpret the cometary dust size distribution. We find a greater flux of small particles than previously reported. From crater morphology and residue composition of a subset of craters, the internal structure and dimensions of the fine dust particles are inferred and a "maximum-size" distribution for the subgrains composing aggregate particles is obtained. The size distribution of the small particles derived directly from the measured craters peaks at approximately 175 nm, but if this is corrected to allow for aggregate grains, the peak in subgrain sizes is at < 100 nm. C1 [Price, M. C.; Burchell, M. J.; Cole, M. J.] Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. [Kearsley, A. T.; Graham, G.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, IARC, London SW7 5BD, England. [Hoerz, F.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, LZ Technol ESCG, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Borg, J.] Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Bridges, J. C.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Space Res Ctr, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Floss, C.; Marhas, K. K.; Stadermann, F. J.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Green, S. F.] Open Univ, PSSRI, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Hoppe, P.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Leroux, H.] Univ Lille 1, Unite Mat & Transformat, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Park, N.] AWE, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Stroud, R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Telisch, N.; Wozniakiewicz, P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Price, MC (reprint author), Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. EM mcp2@star.kent.ac.uk RI Green, Simon/C-7408-2009; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 FU STFC (UK); CNES (Centre National des Etudes Spatiales); DoE [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The work at the University of Kent was funded by a grant from the STFC (UK). H. L. and J. B. thank the CNES (Centre National des Etudes Spatiales) for their support. Contributions from N. T. and P. J. W. were performed under the auspices of the USA. DoE by LLNL under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 37 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 45 IS 9 BP 1409 EP 1428 DI 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.01104.x PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 694NA UT WOS:000285303700001 ER PT J AU Russell, J AF Russell, James TI The Arab Gulf States: Beyond Oil and Islam SO MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Russell, James] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Russell, J (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIDDLE EAST INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1761 N ST NW, CIRCULATION DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2882 USA SN 0026-3141 J9 MIDDLE EAST J JI Middle East J. PD FAL PY 2010 VL 64 IS 4 BP 653 EP 654 PG 2 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 686EB UT WOS:000284678500014 ER PT J AU Chen, S Campbell, TJ Jin, H Gabersek, S Hodur, RM Martin, P AF Chen, Sue Campbell, Tim J. Jin, Hao Gabersek, Sasa Hodur, Richard M. Martin, Paul TI Effect of Two-Way Air-Sea Coupling in High and Low Wind Speed Regimes SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; PREDICTION SYSTEM; HURRICANE; OCEAN; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; SIMULATIONS; FRONTS; EDDIES AB A recent advance in the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) is described and used to study two-way air-sea coupling and its impact on two different weather scenarios. The first case examines the impact of a hurricane-induced cold ocean wake on simulated changes in the structure of Hurricane Katrina. The second case investigates the effect of wind- and current-induced island wakes and their impact on the local electromagnetic (EM) and acoustic propagation characteristics in the Southern California Bight region. In the Katrina case, both the atmosphere and ocean show a strong response from air-sea interaction. The model results show that wind- induced turbulent mixing, vertical advection, and horizontal advection are the three primary causes of the development of the trailing cold ocean wake. A distinct spatial separation is seen in these three primary forcing terms that are generating the bulk of the cooling in the ocean mixed layer. An asymmetric tropical cyclone structure change has been documented in detail from a more realistic, full physics, and tightly coupled model. These changes include a broadening of the eye, a reduced radius of hurricane-force wind, and a pronounced inner-core dry slot on the west side of the storm. In the island wake experiment, many finescale variations in the wind, current, and static stability structure resulting from the two-way interaction are described. These variations take the form of narrow vorticity and temperature anomalies that are found to reside in the ocean and atmosphere well downwind from the Channel Islands. Upwind differences in the lower-atmospheric wind and thermal structure also arise and are found to have a small impact on the lee-flow structure and EM characteristics of the southernmost Channel Islands. C1 [Chen, Sue; Jin, Hao] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Campbell, Tim J.; Martin, Paul] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Gabersek, Sasa] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Hodur, Richard M.] SAIC, Monterey, CA USA. RP Chen, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sue.chen@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Department of Defense FX The authors thank Dr. Paul May of SAIC for providing the software to generate the NCOM initial and boundary conditions for our second test case. We also appreciate discussions with Dr. Michael Montgomery of NPS regarding the TC vortex dynamics. We thank Drs. Jerome Schmidt and Peter Black of NRL Monterey and anonymous reviewers for their insightful suggestions on the revision of the manuscript. We would like to acknowledge Ms. Cecelia DeLuca and Mr. Gehard Theurich of the National Center for Atmospheric Research for the ESMF software upgrade and technical support. The funding that supported the completion of this project is provided by the Department of Defense High Performance Computer Modernization Program. NR 32 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 138 IS 9 BP 3579 EP 3602 DI 10.1175/2009MWR3119.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 656CO UT WOS:000282303700013 ER PT J AU Gunlycke, D Li, JW Mintmire, JW White, CT AF Gunlycke, Daniel Li, Junwen Mintmire, John W. White, Carter T. TI Edges Bring New Dimension to Graphene Nanoribbons SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Graphene nanoribbon; band gap; twist; density functional theory; Huckel; tight binding ID CARBON NANOTUBES; STATE AB Chemistry at the edges of saturated graphene nanoribbons can cause ribbons to leave the plane and form three-dimensional helical structures. Calculations, based on density functional theory and enabled by adopting helical symmetry, show that F-terminated armchair ribbons are intrinsically twisted in helices, unlike flat H-terminated strips. Twisting ribbons of either termination couple the conduction and valence bands, resulting in band gap modulation. This electromechanical response could be exploited in switches and sensor applications. C1 [Gunlycke, Daniel; White, Carter T.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Li, Junwen; Mintmire, John W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Gunlycke, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daniel.gunlycke.sw@nrl.navy.mil; junwen.li@okstate.edu RI Li, Junwen/H-6061-2011; Li, Junwen/C-9032-2015; OI Mintmire, John/0000-0002-6551-0349 FU ONR through NRL; DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46362] FX This work is supported by ONR, directly and through NRL. J.W.M. acknowledges support from DOE Grant DE-FG02-07ER46362. NR 26 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 10 IS 9 BP 3638 EP 3642 DI 10.1021/nl102034c PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 645WZ UT WOS:000281498200070 PM 20718402 ER PT J AU Weiss, G Zarikian, V AF Weiss, Gary Zarikian, Vrej TI PAVING SMALL MATRICES AND THE KADISON-SINGER EXTENSION PROBLEM SO OPERATORS AND MATRICES LA English DT Article DE Kadison-Singer extension problem; Anderson's paving problem ID STATES; B(H); NORM AB We compute paving parameters for classes of small matrices and the matrices that yield them. The convergence to 1 or not of the sequence of these parameters is equivalent to the Kadison-Singer Extension Problem. C1 [Weiss, Gary] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Zarikian, Vrej] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Weiss, G (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM gary.weiss@math.uc.edu; zarikian@usna.edu FU Charles Phelps Taft Foundation; Naval Academy Research Council; NSF FX G. Weiss was supported by several Charles Phelps Taft Foundation research grants. V. Zarikian was supported by Naval Academy Research Council seed grants. Part of the research was carried out at the 2006 Workshop in Linear Analysis and Probability at Texas A&M, which was supported in part by the NSF. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELEMENT PI ZAGREB PA R AUSTRIJE 11, 10000 ZAGREB, CROATIA SN 1846-3886 J9 OPER MATRICES JI Oper. Matrices PD SEP PY 2010 VL 4 IS 3 BP 301 EP 352 PG 52 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 647GK UT WOS:000281606100001 ER PT J AU Hu, J Menyuk, CR Shaw, LB Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Hu, Jonathan Menyuk, Curtis R. Shaw, L. Brandon Sanghera, Jasbinder S. Aggarwal, Ishwar D. TI Computational study of 3-5 mu m source created by using supercontinuum generation in As2S3 chalcogenide fibers with a pump at 2 mu m SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROSTRUCTURED-OPTICAL-FIBERS; SELF-FREQUENCY SHIFT; BANDWIDTH AB We present simulation results for supercontinuum generation using As2S3 chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers. We found that more than 25% of input power can be shifted into the region between 3 mu m and 5 mu m using a pump wavelength of 2 mu m with a peak power of 1 kW and an FWHM of 500 fs. The broad dispersion profile and high nonlinearity in As2S3 chalcogenide glass are essential for this application. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Hu, Jonathan; Menyuk, Curtis R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. [Shaw, L. Brandon; Sanghera, Jasbinder S.; Aggarwal, Ishwar D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hu, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, 5200 Westland Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. EM hu1@umbc.edu RI Hu, Jonathan/A-8618-2011 NR 18 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 17 BP 2907 EP 2909 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 646FI UT WOS:000281522700027 PM 20808365 ER PT J AU Wilks, T Gerber, RJ Erdie-Lalena, C AF Wilks, Timothy Gerber, R. Jason Erdie-Lalena, Christine TI Developmental Milestones: Cognitive Development SO PEDIATRICS IN REVIEW LA English DT Review ID EARLY LANGUAGE; DISORDERS; CHILDREN C1 [Wilks, Timothy] Med Corps, USN, LCDR, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA USA. [Wilks, Timothy; Gerber, R. Jason; Erdie-Lalena, Christine] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA USA. [Gerber, R. Jason] Med Corps, USAF, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA USA. [Erdie-Lalena, Christine] Med Corps, USAF, Lt Col, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA USA. RP Wilks, T (reprint author), Med Corps, USN, LCDR, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0191-9601 J9 PEDIATR REV JI Pediatr. Rev. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 31 IS 9 BP 364 EP 367 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 646JS UT WOS:000281536700002 PM 20810700 ER PT J AU Salmeron, J Apte, A AF Salmeron, Javier Apte, Aruna TI Stochastic Optimization for Natural Disaster Asset Prepositioning SO PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE humanitarian logistics; relief operations; stochastic optimization ID LOGISTICS; RELIEF AB A key strategic issue in pre-disaster planning for humanitarian logistics is the pre-establishment of adequate capacity and resources that enable efficient relief operations. This paper develops a two-stage stochastic optimization model to guide the allocation of budget to acquire and position relief assets, decisions that typically need to be made well in advance before a disaster strikes. The optimization focuses on minimizing the expected number of casualties, so our model includes first-stage decisions to represent the expansion of resources such as warehouses, medical facilities with personnel, ramp spaces, and shelters. Second-stage decisions concern the logistics of the problem, where allocated resources and contracted transportation assets are deployed to rescue critical population (in need of emergency evacuation), deliver required commodities to stay-back population, and transport the transfer population displaced by the disaster. Because of the uncertainty of the event's location and severity, these and other parameters are represented as scenarios. Computational results on notional test cases provide guidance on budget allocation and prove the potential benefit of using stochastic optimization. C1 [Salmeron, Javier] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Apte, Aruna] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Salmeron, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jsalmero@nps.edu; auapte@nps.edu NR 28 TC 73 Z9 82 U1 9 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1059-1478 J9 PROD OPER MANAG JI Prod. Oper. Manag. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 19 IS 5 BP 561 EP 574 DI 10.3401/poms.1080.01119 PG 14 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 646OQ UT WOS:000281552300006 ER PT J AU Sweetser, KD Brown, CW AF Sweetser, Kaye D. Brown, Charles W. TI An exploration of Iranian communication to multiple target audiences SO PUBLIC RELATIONS REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Propaganda; Second-level agenda setting; Attribute agenda-setting; Iran ID AGENDA; PROPAGANDA AB State-controlled media use similar message techniques to target specific publics that counterparts in democratic societies use. We explore talking points (attributes) and themes (frames) through content analysis in state-produced propaganda directed at two different audiences. Domestic and internationally targeted propaganda (N=1491) from Iran regarding the issue of regional security was reviewed. Results indicated Iran emphasized different attributes and frames based on audiences. Themes about enemy correlated, and relationships between officials and themes were explored. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sweetser, Kaye D.] Univ Georgia, Grady Coll Journalism & Mass Commun, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Brown, Charles W.] USN, Washington, DC USA. RP Sweetser, KD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Grady Coll Journalism & Mass Commun, 223-C Journalism Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM sweetser@uga.edu; charles.w.brown2@navy.mil NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0363-8111 J9 PUBLIC RELAT REV JI Public Relat. Rev. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 36 IS 3 BP 238 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.pubrev.2010.03.005 PG 11 WC Business; Communication SC Business & Economics; Communication GA 630GR UT WOS:000280261700005 ER PT J AU Chandrana, C Talman, J Pan, T Roy, S Fleischman, A AF Chandrana, Chaitanya Talman, James Pan, Tao Roy, Shuvo Fleischman, Aaron TI Design and Analysis of MEMS Based PVDF Ultrasonic Transducers for Vascular Imaging SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE ultrasound transducer; high-frequency ultrasound imaging; parasitic capacitance ID HIGH-FREQUENCY; ARRAYS AB Polyvinilidene fluoride (PVDF) single-element transducers for high-frequency (>30 MHz) ultrasound imaging applications have been developed using MEMS (Micro-electro-Mechanical Systems) compatible techniques. Performance of these transducers has been investigated by analyzing the sources and effects of on-chip parasitic capacitances on the insertion-loss of the transducers. Modeling and experimental studies showed that on-chip parasitic capacitances degraded the performance of the transducers and an improved method of fabrication was suggested and new devices were built. New devices developed with minimal parasitic effects were shown to improve the performance significantly. A 1-mm aperture PVDF device developed with minimal parasitic effects has resulted in a reduction of insertion loss of 21 dB compared with devices fabricated using a previous method. C1 [Chandrana, Chaitanya; Pan, Tao; Fleischman, Aaron] Cleveland Clin, Dept Biomed Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Chandrana, Chaitanya] Cleveland State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomed Engn, Cleveland, OH USA. [Talman, James] USN, Offboard Countermeasures Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Roy, Shuvo] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Bioengn & Therapeut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Fleischman, A (reprint author), Cleveland Clin, Dept Biomed Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM Chaitanya.Chandrana@sri.utoronto.ca; Jim.Talman@nrl.navy.mil; Taopan@gmail.com; Shuvo.Roy@ucsf.edu; Fleisca@ccf.org RI Chandrana, Chaitanya/E-8195-2013 FU NASA through the John Glenn Biomedical Engineering Consortium FX This project was partially supported by a grant from NASA through the John Glenn Biomedical Engineering Consortium. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD SEP PY 2010 VL 10 IS 9 BP 8740 EP 8750 DI 10.3390/s100908740 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 655BY UT WOS:000282218800052 PM 22163683 ER PT J AU Karlicky, M Kliem, B AF Karlicky, M. Kliem, B. TI Reconnection of a Kinking Flux Rope Triggering the Ejection of a Microwave and Hard X-ray Source I. Observations and Interpretation SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun: flares; Sun: radio radiation ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SLOWLY DRIFTING STRUCTURES; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; CURRENT SHEETS; ANOMALOUS RESISTIVITY; SOLAR ERUPTIONS; PLASMA EJECTION; IMPULSIVE FLARE; ACCELERATION; FILAMENT AB Imaging microwave observations of an eruptive, partially occulted solar flare on 18 April 2001 suggest that the global structure of the event can be described by the helical kink instability of a twisted magnetic flux rope. This model is suggested by the inverse gamma shape of the source exhibiting crossing legs of a rising flux loop and by evidence that the legs interact at or near the crossing point. The interaction is reflected by the location of peak brightness near the crossing point and by the formation of superimposed compact nonthermal sources most likely at or near the crossing point. These sources propagate upward along both legs, merge into a single, bright source at the top of the structure, and continue to rise at a velocity > 1000 km s(-1). The compact sources trap accelerated electrons which radiate in the radio and hard X-ray ranges. This suggests that they are plasmoids, although their internal structure is not revealed by the data. They exhibit variations of the radio brightness temperature at a characteristic time scale of similar to aEuro parts per thousand 40 s, anti-correlated to their area, which also support their interpretation as plasmoids. Their propagation path differs from the standard scenario of plasmoid formation and propagation in the flare current sheet, suggesting the helical current sheet formed by the instability instead. C1 [Karlicky, M.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Astron, CS-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. [Kliem, B.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Kliem, B.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Kliem, B.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Karlicky, M (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Astron, CS-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. EM karlicky@asu.cas.cz RI Karlicky, Marian/G-9023-2014 FU Nobeyama National Observatory; Grant Agency of the Czech Academy of Sciences [300030701]; DFG; STFC; NASA [NNH06AD58I, NNX08AG44G] FX The authors thank the referee for constructive comments which helped to improve the paper and T. Torok for a careful reading of the manuscript. M. Karlicky should like to acknowledge the support from the Nobeyama National Observatory and the kind hospitality of Prof. K. Shibasaki and his staff during his stay at Nobeyama. Furthermore, he thanks Dr. M. Shimojo for the maps presented in Figures 5 and 9. We acknowledge the HiRAS radio spectrum from the Hiraiso Solar Observatory, the use of the LASCO CME catalog, generated and maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA and The Catholic University of America in cooperation with the NRL, and the SOHO archive of EIT data. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. This study was supported by Grant 300030701 of Grant Agency of the Czech Academy of Sciences, by the DFG, an STFC Rolling Grant, and NASA grants NNH06AD58I and NNX08AG44G. NR 50 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 266 IS 1 BP 71 EP 89 DI 10.1007/s11207-010-9606-4 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 648IL UT WOS:000281685900006 ER PT J AU Kliem, B Linton, MG Torok, T Karlicky, M AF Kliem, B. Linton, M. G. Toeroek, T. Karlicky, M. TI Reconnection of a Kinking Flux Rope Triggering the Ejection of a Microwave and Hard X-Ray Source II. Numerical Modeling SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); Instabilities; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares; Sun: radio radiation ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC-FLUX; SOLAR ERUPTIONS; CURRENT SHEET; ELECTRIC-CURRENTS; ACTIVE REGIONS; INSTABILITY; EVOLUTION; FILAMENT; LOOPS AB Numerical simulations of the helical (m=1) kink instability of an arched, line-tied flux rope demonstrate that the helical deformation enforces reconnection between the legs of the rope if modes with two helical turns are dominant as a result of high initial twist in the range I broken vertical bar a parts per thousand(3)6 pi. Such a reconnection is complex, involving also the ambient field. In addition to breaking up the original rope, it can form a new, low-lying, less twisted flux rope. The new flux rope is pushed downward by the reconnection outflow, which typically forces it to break as well by reconnecting with the ambient field. The top part of the original rope, largely rooted in the sources of the ambient flux after the break-up, can fully erupt or be halted at low heights, producing a "failed eruption." The helical current sheet associated with the instability is squeezed between the approaching legs, temporarily forming a double current sheet. The leg -aEuro parts per thousand leg reconnection proceeds at a high rate, producing sufficiently strong electric fields that it would be able to accelerate particles. It may also form plasmoids, or plasmoid-like structures, which trap energetic particles and propagate out of the reconnection region up to the top of the erupting flux rope along the helical current sheet. The kinking of a highly twisted flux rope involving leg -aEuro parts per thousand leg reconnection can explain key features of an eruptive but partially occulted solar flare on 18 April 2001, which ejected a relatively compact hard X-ray and microwave source and was associated with a fast coronal mass ejection. C1 [Kliem, B.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Kliem, B.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Kliem, B.; Linton, M. G.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Toeroek, T.] Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC, CNRS, LESIA,Observ Paris, F-92190 Meudon, France. [Karlicky, M.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Astron, CS-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. RP Kliem, B (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. EM bkliem@uni-potsdam.de RI Karlicky, Marian/G-9023-2014 FU DFG; STFC; NASA [NNH06AD58I, NNX08AG44G]; Grant Agency of the Czech Academy of Sciences [300030701]; European Commission through the SOLAIRE network [MTRM-CT-2006-035484]; European Commission [FP7/2007-2013, 218816] FX We thank M. Shimojo for the Nobeyama Radioheliograph maps included in Figure 7 and T.G. Forbes for discussions of the instabilities considered here. This study was supported by the DFG, by an STFC Rolling Grant, by NASA Grants NNH06AD58I and NNX08AG44G, and by Grant 300030701 of the Grant Agency of the Czech Academy of Sciences. Financial support by the European Commission through the SOLAIRE network (MTRM-CT-2006-035484) is gratefully acknowledged. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under the grant agreement no. 218816 (SOTERIA project, www.soteria-space.eu). NR 66 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 266 IS 1 BP 91 EP 107 DI 10.1007/s11207-010-9609-1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 648IL UT WOS:000281685900007 ER PT J AU Forsythe, B Ghodadra, N Romeo, AA Provencher, MT AF Forsythe, Brian Ghodadra, Neil Romeo, Anthony A. Provencher, Matthew T. TI Management of the Failed Posterior/Multidirectional Instability Patient SO SPORTS MEDICINE AND ARTHROSCOPY REVIEW LA English DT Review DE revision shoulder surgery; multidirectional instability; posterior shoulder instability; shoulder arthroscopy; failed P-MDI surgery; diagnosis of P-MDI ID POSTERIOR SHOULDER INSTABILITY; ROTATOR INTERVAL CLOSURE; INFERIOR CAPSULAR SHIFT; MULTIDIRECTIONAL INSTABILITY; GLENOHUMERAL JOINT; ARTHROSCOPIC REPAIR; BONE BLOCK; POSTEROINFERIOR INSTABILITY; THERMAL CAPSULORRHAPHY; BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS AB Although the results of operative treatment of posterior and multidirectional instability (P-MDI) of the shoulder have improved, they are not as reliable as those treated for anterior instability of the shoulder. This may be attributed to the complexities in the classification, etiology, and physical examination of a patient with suspected posterior and multidirectional instability. Failure to address the primary and concurrent lesion adequately and the development of pain and/or stiffness are contributing factors to the failure of P-MDI procedures. Other pitfalls include errors in history and physical examination, failure to recognize concomitant pathology, and problems with the surgical technique or implant failure. Patulous capsular tissues and glenoid version also play in role management of failed P-MDI patients. With an improved understanding of pertinent clinical complaints and physical examination findings and the advent of arthroscopic techniques and improved implants, successful strategies for the nonoperative and operative management of the patient after a failed posterior or multidirectional instability surgery may be elucidated. This article highlights the common presentation, physical findings, and radiographic workup in a patient that presents after a failed P-MDI repair and offers strategies for revision surgical repair. C1 [Provencher, Matthew T.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Ghodadra, Neil; Romeo, Anthony A.] Rush Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Forsythe, Brian] OAK Orthoped, Frankfort, IL USA. RP Provencher, MT (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM matthew.provencher@med.navy.mil OI Romeo, Anthony/0000-0003-4848-3411 NR 107 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1062-8592 J9 SPORTS MED ARTHROSC JI Sports Med. Arthrosc. Rev. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3 BP 149 EP 161 DI 10.1097/JSA.0b013e3181ec4397 PG 13 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 641GB UT WOS:000281111700004 PM 20711046 ER PT J AU Taller, J Wisbach, G Bertucci, W AF Taller, Janos Wisbach, Gordon Bertucci, William TI Single-incision laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity: video technique and review of first 10 patients SO SURGERY FOR OBESITY AND RELATED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Taller, Janos; Wisbach, Gordon; Bertucci, William] Naval Med Center, Dept Gen Surg, San Diego, CA USA. RP Taller, J (reprint author), Pacific Bariatr Surg Med Group, 4060 4th Ave,Suite 330, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1550-7289 J9 SURG OBES RELAT DIS JI Surg. Obes. Relat. Dis. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 6 IS 5 BP 559 EP 560 DI 10.1016/j.soard.2010.07.007 PG 2 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 660VB UT WOS:000282673400024 PM 20870188 ER PT J AU Seto, J Walsh, MP Metzgar, D Seto, D AF Seto, Jason Walsh, Michael P. Metzgar, David Seto, Donald TI Computational analysis of adenovirus serotype 5 (HAdV-C5) from an HAdV coinfection shows genome stability after 45 years of circulation SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Adenovirus evolution; Coinfection; Genome stability; Viral bioinformatics; Viral genomics; Sequencing error ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; EPIDEMIC KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS; ANTIGENIC RELATIONSHIPS; VECTOR DEVELOPMENT; MILITARY RECRUITS; CROSSOVER SITES; AIDS PATIENT; GENE-THERAPY AB Adenovirus coinfections present opportunities for genome recombination. Computational analysis of an HAdV-C5 field strain genome, recovered from a patient with acute respiratory disease and coinfected with HAdV-B21, shows that there was no exchange of genomic material into HAdV-C5. Comparison of this genome to the sparsely amplified prototype demonstrates a high level of sequence conservation and stability of this genome across 45 years. Further, comparison to a version of the prototype that had been passaged in laboratory settings shows stability as well. HAdV genome stability and evolution are considerations for applications as vaccines and as vectors for gene delivery. In the annotation analysis, a single sequencing error in the HAdV-C5_ARM (Adenovirus Reference Material) genome is noted and may lead to erroneous annotation and biological interpretations. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Seto, Jason; Walsh, Michael P.; Seto, Donald] George Mason Univ, Dept Bioinformat & Computat Biol, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Metzgar, David] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Resp Dis Res, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Seto, D (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Bioinformat & Computat Biol, 10900 Univ Blvd,MSN 5B3, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. EM jseto@gmu.edu; mwalsh5@gmu.edu; david.metzgar@med.navy.mil; dseto@gmu.edu FU US Army Medical Research and Material Command (USAMRMC) [DAMD17-03-2-0089]; EOS; HQ USAF Surgeon General Office, Directorate of Modernization (SGR); Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA); NHRC [7151] FX We thank Clark Tibbetts for initial discussions and for providing the impetus and opportunity to pursue this line of research. Anjan Purkayastha, James M. Clark, and Kevin Russell provided appreciated preliminary analyses and discussions. During the collection of the genome data and preliminary data analyses, DS (2002-2004), AP (2003-2005), JMC (2004), and CT (2001-2005) were affiliated with the HQ USAF Surgeon General Office, Directorate of Modernization (SGR) and the Epidemic Outbreak Surveillance (EOS) Program, 5201 Leesburg Pike, Suite 1401, Falls Church, VA 22041. Portions of this work were funded, during these time periods, by a grant from the US Army Medical Research and Material Command (USAMRMC; DAMD17-03-2-0089) and additional support was through the EOS Project, funded by HQ USAF Surgeon General Office, Directorate of Modernization (SGR) and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). Therefore, it is noted that the opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the US Department of Defense.; NHRC 7151 was collected with the support of the Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (GEIS), a Division of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, MD (www. afhsc.mil). NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 404 IS 2 BP 180 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2010.05.010 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 629OP UT WOS:000280209800005 PM 20627349 ER PT J AU Lindquist, JM Neta, B Giraldo, FX AF Lindquist, Joseph M. Neta, Beny Giraldo, Francis X. TI A spectral element solution of the Klein-Gordon equation with high-order treatment of time and non-reflecting boundary SO WAVE MOTION LA English DT Article DE Klein-Gordon equation; High-order; Non-reflecting boundary condition; Spectral elements; Higdon; Givoli-Neta; Runge-Kutta ID DEPENDENT SCATTERING; DISPERSIVE WAVES; FORMULATION; EXTENSIONS; SCHEME AB A spectral element (SE) implementation of the Givoli-Neta non-reflecting boundary condition (NRBC) is considered for the solution of the Klein-Gordon equation. The infinite domain is truncated via an artificial boundary B, and a high-order NRBC is applied on B. Numerical examples, in various configurations, concerning the propagation of a pressure pulse are used to demonstrate the performance of the SE implementation. Effects of time integration techniques and long term results are discussed. Specifically, we show that in order to achieve the full benefits of high-order accuracy requires balancing all errors involved: this includes the order of accuracy of the spatial discretization method, time-integrators, and boundary conditions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lindquist, Joseph M.; Neta, Beny; Giraldo, Francis X.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lindquist, JM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jmlindqu@nps.edu; bneta@nps.edu; fxgirald@nps.edu RI Neta, Beny/B-1737-2009; OI Neta, Beny/0000-0002-7417-7496 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2125 J9 WAVE MOTION JI Wave Motion PD SEP PY 2010 VL 47 IS 5 BP 289 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.wavemoti.2009.11.007 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics GA 598ZQ UT WOS:000277879800003 ER PT J AU Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alakhverdyants, AV Alekseev, I Alford, J Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barnby, LS Baumgart, S Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Biritz, B Bland, LC Bonner, BE Bouchet, J Braidot, E Brandin, AV Bridgeman, A Bruna, E Bueltmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Catu, O Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, KE Christie, W Chung, P Clarke, RF Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Dash, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Didenko, L Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Efimov, LG Elhalhuli, E Elnimr, M Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Eun, L Evdokimov, O Fachini, P Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Fersch, RG Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Ganti, MS Garcia-Solis, EJ Geromitsos, A Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gordon, A Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gupta, N Guryn, W Haag, B Hamed, A Han, LX Harris, JW Hays-Wehle, JP Heinz, M Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffman, AM Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Horner, MJ Huang, B Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Huo, L Igo, G Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jena, C Jin, F Jones, CL Jones, PG Joseph, J Judd, EG Kabana, S Kajimoto, K Kang, K Kapitan, J Kauder, K Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klein, SR Knospe, AG Kocoloski, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Koralt, I Koroleva, L Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Krus, M Kumar, L Kurnadi, P Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, L Li, N Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, ZM Lin, G Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Luo, X Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mall, OI Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McDonald, D McShane, TS Meschanin, A Milner, R Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mischke, A Mitrovski, MK Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, B Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nattrass, C Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Ng, MJ Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldag, EW Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Pile, P Planinic, M Ploskon, MA Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Poskanzer, AM Potukuchi, BVKS Powell, CB Prindle, D Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Redwine, R Reed, R Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Sahoo, R Sakai, S Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schuster, TR Seele, J Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shi, SS Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Tram, VN Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Leeuwen, M van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xie, W Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, W Xu, Y Xu, Z Xue, L Yang, Y Yepes, P Yip, K Yoo, IK Yue, Q Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhan, W Zhang, JB Zhang, S Zhang, WM Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, J Zhou, W Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y AF Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alakhverdyants, A. V. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Anderson, B. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Barnby, L. S. Baumgart, S. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Biritz, B. Bland, L. C. Bonner, B. E. Bouchet, J. Braidot, E. Brandin, A. V. Bridgeman, A. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Catu, O. Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, K. E. Christie, W. Chung, P. Clarke, R. F. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Dash, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Derevschikov, A. A. de Souza, R. Derradi Didenko, L. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Efimov, L. G. Elhalhuli, E. Elnimr, M. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Fachini, P. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Fersch, R. G. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Ganti, M. S. Garcia-Solis, E. J. Geromitsos, A. Geurts, F. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. N. Gordon, A. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Guertin, S. M. Gupta, A. Gupta, N. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hamed, A. Han, L. -X. Harris, J. W. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heinz, M. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffman, A. M. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Horner, M. J. Huang, B. Huang, H. Z. Humanic, T. J. Huo, L. Igo, G. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jena, C. Jin, F. Jones, C. L. Jones, P. G. Joseph, J. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kajimoto, K. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kauder, K. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Klein, S. R. Knospe, A. G. Kocoloski, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Koralt, I. Koroleva, L. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Krus, M. Kumar, L. Kurnadi, P. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C. -H. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, L. Li, N. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. M. Lin, G. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Luo, X. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mall, O. I. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Meschanin, A. Milner, R. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, A. Mitrovski, M. K. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, B. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nattrass, C. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Netrakanti, P. K. Ng, M. J. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okorokov, V. Oldag, E. W. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Ploskon, M. A. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Powell, C. B. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Redwine, R. Reed, R. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Sahoo, R. Sakai, S. Sakrejda, I. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Schuster, T. R. Seele, J. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. de Toledo, A. Szanto Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarini, L. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trainor, T. A. Tram, V. N. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Leeuwen, M. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xie, W. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xue, L. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yip, K. Yoo, I. -K. Yue, Q. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhan, W. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, J. Zhou, W. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. CA STAR Collaboration TI Azimuthal di-hadron correlations in d plus Au and Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV measured at the STAR detector SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID AU+AU COLLISIONS; RADIATION; PLASMA AB Yields, correlation shapes, and mean transverse momenta p(T) of charged particles associated with intermediate-to high-p(T) trigger particles (2.5 < p(T) < 10 GeV/c) in d + Au and Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV are presented. For associated particles at higher p(T) greater than or similar to 2.5 GeV/c, narrow correlation peaks are seen in d + Au and Au + Au, indicating that the main production mechanism is jet fragmentation. At lower associated particle pT < 2 GeV/c, a large enhancement of the near- (Delta phi similar to 0) and away-side (Delta phi similar to pi) associated yields is found, together with a strong broadening of the away-side azimuthal distributions in Au + Au collisions compared to d + Au measurements, suggesting that other particle production mechanisms play a role. This is further supported by the observed significant softening of the away-side associated particle yield distribution at Delta phi similar to pi in central Au + Au collisions. C1 [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Pruthi, N. K.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Bridgeman, A.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Barnby, L. S.; Elhalhuli, E.; Jones, P. G.; Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fachini, P.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Gordon, A.; Guryn, W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Ogawa, A.; Perevoztchikov, V.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Ng, M. J.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; McShane, T. S.; Seger, J.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Biritz, B.; Cendejas, R.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Guertin, S. M.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Kurnadi, P.; Sakai, S.; Staszak, D.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Whitten, C., Jr.; Xu, W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [de Souza, R. Derradi; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Betts, R. R.; Evdokimov, O.; Garcia-Solis, E. J.; Hofman, D. J.; Kauder, K.; Suarez, M. C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; McShane, T. S.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Krus, M.; Pachr, M.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, CZ-11519 Prague, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Chung, P.; Kapitan, J.; Kouchpil, V.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.] Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. [Kollegger, T.; Mitrovski, M. K.; Schuster, T. R.; Stock, R.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany. [Dash, S.; Jena, C.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Phatak, S. C.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Selyuzhenkov, I.; Sowinski, J.; Stevens, J. R.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Koroleva, L.; Morozov, B.; Svirida, D. N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Bhasin, A.; Dogra, S. M.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, N.; Mangotra, L. K.; Potukuchi, B. V. K. S.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Alakhverdyants, A. V.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneev, R.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Dubna Joint Nucl Res Inst, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. [Alford, J.; Anderson, B. D.; Bouchet, J.; Joseph, J.; Keane, D.; Kumar, L.; Margetis, S.; Pandit, Y.; Subba, N. L.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.; Zhang, W. M.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Fatemi, R.; Fersch, R. G.; Korsch, W.; Webb, G.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Yang, Y.; Zhan, W.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Ahammed, Z.; Dong, X.; Grebenyuk, O.; Hjort, E.; Horner, M. J.; Jacobs, P.; Kikola, D. P.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S. R.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Odyniec, G.; Olson, D.; Ploskon, M. A.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Powell, C. B.; Ritter, H. G.; Rose, A.; Sakrejda, I.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X. M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Thomas, J. H.; Tram, V. N.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balewski, J.; Betancourt, M. J.; Corliss, R.; Hays-Wehle, J. P.; Hoffman, A. M.; Jones, C. L.; Kocoloski, A.; Leight, W.; Milner, R.; Redwine, R.; Sakuma, T.; Seele, J.; Surrow, B.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Walker, M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.; Simon, F.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Tarnowsky, T.; Wang, H.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.; Timoshenko, S.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Lindenbaum, S. J.] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; van Leeuwen, M.] NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; van Leeuwen, M.] Univ Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Chajecki, Z.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bueltmann, S.; Koralt, I.; Plyku, D.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Eun, L.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Matulenko, Yu. A.; Meschanin, A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Hirsch, A.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Skoby, M. J.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Ulery, J.; Wang, F.; Wang, Q.; Xie, W.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Choi, K. E.; Lee, C. -H.; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Bonner, B. E.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Liu, J.; Llope, W. J.; McDonald, D.; Roberts, J. B.; Yepes, P.; Zhou, J.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Munhoz, M. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; de Toledo, A. Szanto] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, H. F.; Huang, B.; Li, C.; Lu, Y.; Luo, X.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Li, X.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhou, W.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Cai, X. Z.; Chen, J. H.; Han, L. -X.; Jin, F.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Tian, J.; Xue, L.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Y. H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Erazmus, B.; Estienne, M.; Geromitsos, A.; Kabana, S.; Pal, S. K.; Roy, C.; Sahoo, R.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Cervantes, M. C.; Clarke, R. F.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Djawotho, P.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Huo, L.; Mioduszewski, S.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Leyva, A. Davila; Hoffmann, G. W.; Kajimoto, K.; Li, L.; Markert, C.; Oldag, E. W.; Ray, R. L.; Thein, D.; Wada, M.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cheng, J.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Yue, Q.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Witt, R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Manweiler, R.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Chattopadhyay, S.; Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta; Ganti, M. S.; Ghosh, P.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Nayak, T. K.; Singaraju, R. N.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zawisza, M.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.; Kettler, D.; Prindle, D.; Trainor, T. A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bellwied, R.; De Silva, L. C.; Elnimr, M.; LaPointe, S.; Pruneau, C.; Sharma, M.; Tarini, L. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Chen, J. Y.; Li, N.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Shi, S. S.; Wu, Y. F.; Zhang, J. B.] CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Baumgart, S.; Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Catu, O.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Knospe, A. G.; Lin, G.; Majka, R.; Nattrass, C.; Putschke, J.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Aggarwal, MM (reprint author), Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. RI Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Xu, Wenqin/H-7553-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Nattrass, Christine/J-6752-2016; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Xue, Liang/F-8077-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Pandit, Yadav/I-2170-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Yang, Yanyun/B-9485-2014 OI Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Xu, Wenqin/0000-0002-5976-4991; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Nattrass, Christine/0000-0002-8768-6468; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Xue, Liang/0000-0002-2321-9019; Pandit, Yadav/0000-0003-2809-7943; Yang, Yanyun/0000-0002-5982-1706 FU RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; Open Science Grid consortium; Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science; US NSF; Sloan Foundation; DFG; CNRS/IN2P3; STFC; EPSRC of the UnitedKingdom; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Ed. and Sci. of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; GA; MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM and NWO of the Netherlands; DAE; DST; CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Sci. and Higher Ed., Korea Research Foundation; Ministry of Sci., Ed. and Sports of the Rep. of Croatia; Russian Ministry of Sci. and Tech; RosAtom of Russia FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science, the US NSF, the Sloan Foundation, the DFG cluster of excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe' of Germany, CNRS/IN2P3, STFC, and EPSRC of the UnitedKingdom, FAPESP CNPq of Brazil, Ministry of Ed. and Sci. of the Russian Federation, NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FOM and NWO of the Netherlands, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India, Polish Ministry of Sci. and Higher Ed., Korea Research Foundation, Ministry of Sci., Ed. and Sports of the Rep. of Croatia, Russian Ministry of Sci. and Tech, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 45 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG 30 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 2 AR 024912 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.82.024912 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 644KY UT WOS:000281377300002 ER PT J AU Helle, MH Kaganovich, D Gordon, DF Ting, A AF Helle, M. H. Kaganovich, D. Gordon, D. F. Ting, A. TI Measurement of Electro-Optic Shock and Electron Acceleration in a Strongly Cavitated LaserWakefield Accelerator SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BEAMS AB Conically emitted second harmonic radiation was observed when a relativistically intense, ultrashort laser pulse was focused into a jet of gas. This second harmonic electro-optic shock is the result of frequency mixing within the sheath of electrons surrounding a highly cavitated plasma region created by the ponderomotive force of the laser. Strong correlation between the second harmonic characteristics and electron acceleration has been observed. C1 [Helle, M. H.; Kaganovich, D.; Gordon, D. F.; Ting, A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gordon, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daniel.gordon@nrl.navy.mil OI Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 FU Office of Naval Research; Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the Department of Energy. We acknowledge discussions with B. Hafizi and E. Van Keuren. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 30 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 10 AR 105001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.105001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 644LH UT WOS:000281378400005 PM 20867524 ER PT J AU Burlaga, LF Ness, NF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR Richardson, JD AF Burlaga, L. F. Ness, N. F. Wang, Y. -M. Sheeley, N. R., Jr. Richardson, J. D. TI Observations of the magnetic field and plasma in the heliosheath by Voyager 2 from 2007.7 to 2009.4 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WIND TERMINATION SHOCK; SOLAR-WIND; 95 AU; EVOLUTION; UPSTREAM; IONS AB The density and temperature profiles of the plasma measured by Voyager 2 (V2) behind the termination shock changed abruptly near 2008.6 from relatively large average values and large fluctuations during 2007.7 to 2008.6 (interval A) to relatively low average values and very small-amplitude fluctuations during 2008.6 to 2009.4 (interval B). This paper shows that the change in the magnetic field strength B(t) was less abrupt than the plasma changes, and the fluctuations of the magnetic field strength in interval B were of moderate amplitude, with indications of a quasiperiodic structure in part of the interval. The magnetic field was directed away from the sun (positive polarity) similar to 78% +/- 5% of the time in both interval A and interval B, changing in an irregular way from positive to negative polarities throughout the interval. The polarity distribution indicates that the minimum latitudinal extent of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) was near V2 throughout the interval, consistent with the extrapolated minimum latitudes of the HCS computed from solar magnetic field observations. Thus, V2 was observing magnetic fields from the southern polar coronal hole most of the time. The distribution of B was lognormal in interval A and Gaussian interval B. C1 [Burlaga, L. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Geospace Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ness, N. F.] Catholic Univ Amer, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Richardson, J. D.] MIT, Kavali Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Wang, Y. -M.; Sheeley, N. R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Burlaga, LF (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Geospace Phys Lab, Mail Code 673,Bldg 2,Rm 244, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM lburlagahsp@verizon.net; nfnudel@yahoo.com; yi.wang@nrl.navy.mil; neil.sheeley@nrl.navy.mil; jdr@space.mit.edu FU NASA [NNX06AG99G] FX T. McClanahan and S. Kramer processed the data, and Daniel Berdischevsky computed the zero level offsets of the instrument. N. F. Ness was partially supported in part by NASA Grant NNX06AG99G to CUA. One of the authors (LB) acknowledges helpful conversations with E. Roelof. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A08107 DI 10.1029/2009JA015239 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 644YI UT WOS:000281417700007 ER PT J AU Emmert, JT Richmond, AD Drob, DP AF Emmert, J. T. Richmond, A. D. Drob, D. P. TI A computationally compact representation of Magnetic-Apex and Quasi-Dipole coordinates with smooth base vectors SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-LATITUDES; SYSTEM; THERMOSPHERE; FIELD AB Many structural and dynamical features of the ionized and neutral upper atmosphere are strongly organized by the geomagnetic field, and several magnetic coordinate systems have been developed to exploit this organization. Quasi-Dipole coordinates are appropriate for calculations involving horizontally stratified phenomena like height-integrated currents, electron densities, and thermospheric winds; Modified Apex coordinates are appropriate for calculations involving electric fields and magnetic field-aligned currents. The calculation of these coordinates requires computationally expensive tracing of magnetic field lines to their apexes. Interpolation on a precomputed grid provides faster coordinate conversions, but requires the overhead of a sufficiently fine grid, as well as finite differencing to obtain coordinate base vectors. In this paper, we develop a compact and robust representation of the transformation from geodetic to Quasi-Dipole (QD), Apex, and Modified Apex coordinates, by fitting the QD coordinates to spherical harmonics in geodetic longitude and latitude. With this representation, base vectors may be calculated directly from the expansion coefficients. For an expansion truncated at order 6, the fitted coordinates deviate from the actual coordinates by a maximum of 0.4 degrees, and typically by 0.1 degrees. The largest errors occur in the equatorial Atlantic region. Compared to interpolation on a pre-computed grid, the spherical harmonic representation is much more compact and produces smooth base vectors. An algorithm for efficiently and concurrently computing scalar and vector spherical harmonic functions is provided in the appendix. Computer code for producing the expansion coefficients and evaluating the fitted coordinates and base vectors is included in the auxiliary material. C1 [Emmert, J. T.; Drob, D. P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Richmond, A. D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Emmert, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7643,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.emmert@nrl.navy.mil RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014; OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740; Richmond, Arthur/0000-0002-6708-1023 FU Office of Naval Research; NASA [04-000-0098]; AFOSR [FA9550-08-C-0046] FX J. T. Emmert and D. P. Drob acknowledge support from the Office of Naval Research and from the NASA Living with a Star (LWS) Program (grant 04-000-0098). A. D. Richmond acknowledges support from the NASA LWS Strategic Capabilities Program and from AFOSR contract FA9550-08-C-0046. Geoff Crowley provided the TIME-GCM runs under NASA LWS grant 04-000-0098. IGRF parameters were obtained from http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/IAGA/vmod/igrf.html. NR 26 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A08322 DI 10.1029/2010JA015326 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 644YI UT WOS:000281417700009 ER PT J AU McCormack, JP Eckermann, SD Hoppel, KW Vincent, RA AF McCormack, J. P. Eckermann, S. D. Hoppel, K. W. Vincent, R. A. TI Amplification of the quasi-two day wave through nonlinear interaction with the migrating diurnal tide SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2-DAY WAVE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; MESOSPHERE; SUMMER; SABER; MODEL AB [1] We present a case study of the non-linear interaction between the quasi-two day wave (Q2DW) and the migrating diurnal tide based on global synoptic meridional wind fields for January 2006 and January 2008 from a high-altitude data assimilation/forecast system. We find large quasi-two day wave amplitudes, small diurnal tide amplitudes, and phase locking of the Q2DW with the diurnal cycle during January 2006. In January 2008 the amplitudes of the Q2DW were much smaller, with no evidence of phase locking, while the tidal amplitudes were larger than in the 2006 case. Space-time spectral analysis reveals an enhancement in a diurnal zonal wavenumber 6 feature in the January 2006 case, which can be attributed to a non-linear interaction between the Q2DW and migrating diurnal tide. The relatively strong summer easterly jet in the extratropical upper mesosphere during early January 2006 appears to have created conditions favoring this interaction. Citation: McCormack, J. P., S. D. Eckermann, K. W. Hoppel, and R. A. Vincent (2010), Amplification of the quasi-two day wave through nonlinear interaction with the migrating diurnal tide, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L16810, doi:10.1029/2010GL043906. C1 [McCormack, J. P.; Eckermann, S. D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hoppel, K. W.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Vincent, R. A.] Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP McCormack, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.mccormack@nrl.navy.mil OI McCormack, John/0000-0002-3674-0508 FU Office of Naval Research; NASA [NNH09AK64I]; Australian Research Council [DP0558361, DP0878144] FX Work at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research and by the NASA Heliophysics Guest Investigator Program (Award NNH09AK64I). The work at Adelaide was supported by Australian Research Council grants DP0558361 and DP0878144. NR 19 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 27 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L16810 DI 10.1029/2010GL043906 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 644WR UT WOS:000281413100001 ER PT J AU Solomon, SC Woods, TN Didkovsky, LV Emmert, JT Qian, L AF Solomon, Stanley C. Woods, Thomas N. Didkovsky, Leonid V. Emmert, John T. Qian, Liying TI Anomalously low solar extreme-ultraviolet irradiance and thermospheric density during solar minimum SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EUV FLUX; MESOSPHERE AB Solar activity during 2007-2009 was very low, and during this protracted solar minimum period, the terrestrial thermosphere was cooler and lower in density than expected. Measurements from instruments on the SOHO and TIMED spacecraft, and by suborbital rocket flights, indicate that solar extreme-ultraviolet irradiance levels were lower than they were during the previous solar minimum. Analysis of atmospheric drag on satellite orbits indicate that the thermosphere was lower in density, and therefore cooler, and than at any time since the beginning of the space age. However, secular change due to increasing levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which cool the upper atmosphere, also plays a role in thermospheric climate. Simulations by the NCAR Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model are compared to thermospheric density measurements, yielding evidence that the primary cause of the low thermospheric density was the unusually low level of solar extreme-ultraviolet irradiance. Citation: Solomon, S. C., T. N. Woods, L. V. Didkovsky, J. T. Emmert, and L. Qian (2010), Anomalously low solar extreme-ultraviolet irradiance and thermospheric density during solar minimum, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L16103, doi:10.1029/2010GL044468. C1 [Solomon, Stanley C.; Qian, Liying] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Woods, Thomas N.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Didkovsky, Leonid V.] Univ So Calif, Ctr Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Emmert, John T.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Solomon, SC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM stans@ucar.edu RI Solomon, Stanley/J-4847-2012; Qian, Liying/D-9236-2013 OI Solomon, Stanley/0000-0002-5291-3034; Qian, Liying/0000-0003-2430-1388 FU NASA [NNH10AN62I, NAG5-11408, NNX08AM74G, NNX10AF21G, NNX07AC61G]; ONR; National Science Foundation FX This research was supported by NASA grant NNH10AN62I and ONR funding to the Naval Research Laboratory, NASA grant NAG5-11408 to the University of Colorado, NASA grant NNX08AM74G to the University of Southern California, and NASA grants NNX10AF21G and NNX07AC61G to the National Center for Atmospheric Research. NCAR is supported by the National Science Foundation. NR 26 TC 127 Z9 129 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L16103 DI 10.1029/2010GL044468 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 644WO UT WOS:000281412800005 ER PT J AU Vasudevan, S Walczak, K Ghosh, AW AF Vasudevan, Smitha Walczak, Kamil Ghosh, Avik W. TI Coupling optical and electrical gating for electronic readout of quantum dot dynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-ELECTRON; TIME-DOMAIN; TRANSPORT; SPIN; OSCILLATIONS; CONDUCTANCE; MOLECULES; SYSTEM AB We explore the coherent transfer of electronic signatures from a strongly correlated, optically gated nanoscale quantum dot to a weakly interacting, electrically backgated microscale channel. In this unique side-coupled "T" geometry for transport, we predict a mechanism for detecting Rabi oscillations induced in the dot through quantum, rather than electrostatic means. This detection shows up directly in the dc conductance-voltage spectrum as a field-tunable split in the Fano lineshape arising due to interference between the dipole coupled dot states and the channel continuum. The split is further modified by the Coulomb interactions within the dot that influence the detuning of the Rabi oscillations. Furthermore, time resolving the signal we see clear beats when the Rabi frequencies approach the intrinsic Bohr frequencies in the dot. Capturing these coupled dynamics requires attention to memory effects and quantum interference in the channel as well as many-body effects in the dot. We accomplish this coupling by combining a Fock-space master equation for the dot dynamics with the phase-coherent, non-Markovian time-dependent nonequilibrium Green's function transport formalism in the channel through a properly evaluated self-energy and a Coulomb integral. The strength of the interactions can further be modulated using a backgate that controls the degree of hybridization and charge polarization at the transistor surface. C1 [Vasudevan, Smitha; Ghosh, Avik W.] Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Walczak, Kamil] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vasudevan, S (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. FU DARPA-AFOSR; NSF-NIRT; NSF; NRC/NRL FX lWe would like to thank Keith Williams, Robert Weikle, and Lloyd Harriott for useful discussions. This work was supported by DARPA-AFOSR, NSF-NIRT, and NSF-CAREER awards. K. Walczak is grateful to NRC/NRL for support. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 25 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 8 AR 085324 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.085324 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 642OT UT WOS:000281226200002 ER PT J AU Chen, PE Willner, KM Butani, A Dorsey, S George, M Stewart, A Lentz, SM Cook, CE Akmal, A Price, LB Keim, PS Mateczun, A Brahmbhatt, TN Bishop-Lilly, KA Zwick, ME Read, TD Sozhamannan, S AF Chen, Peter E. Willner, Kristin M. Butani, Amy Dorsey, Shakia George, Matroner Stewart, Andrew Lentz, Shannon M. Cook, Christopher E. Akmal, Arya Price, Lance B. Keim, Paul S. Mateczun, Alfred Brahmbhatt, Trupti N. Bishop-Lilly, Kimberly A. Zwick, Michael E. Read, Timothy D. Sozhamannan, Shanmuga TI Rapid Identification of Genetic Modifications in Bacillus anthracis Using Whole Genome Draft Sequences Generated by 454 Pyrosequencing SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; TECHNOLOGIES; CEREUS; BIOTERRORISM; EVOLUTION; STRAIN AB Background: The anthrax letter attacks of 2001 highlighted the need for rapid identification of biothreat agents not only for epidemiological surveillance of the intentional outbreak but also for implementing appropriate countermeasures, such as antibiotic treatment, in a timely manner to prevent further casualties. It is clear from the 2001 cases that survival may be markedly improved by administration of antimicrobial therapy during the early symptomatic phase of the illness; i. e., within 3 days of appearance of symptoms. Microbiological detection methods are feasible only for organisms that can be cultured in vitro and cannot detect all genetic modifications with the exception of antibiotic resistance. Currently available immuno or nucleic acid-based rapid detection assays utilize known, organism-specific proteins or genomic DNA signatures respectively. Hence, these assays lack the ability to detect novel natural variations or intentional genetic modifications that circumvent the targets of the detection assays or in the case of a biological attack using an antibiotic resistant or virulence enhanced Bacillus anthracis, to advise on therapeutic treatments. Methodology/ Principal Findings: We show here that the Roche 454-based pyrosequencing can generate whole genome draft sequences of deep and broad enough coverage of a bacterial genome in less than 24 hours. Furthermore, using the unfinished draft sequences, we demonstrate that unbiased identification of known as well as heretofore-unreported genetic modifications that include indels and single nucleotide polymorphisms conferring antibiotic and phage resistances is feasible within the next 12 hours. Conclusions/ Significance: Second generation sequencing technologies have paved the way for sequence-based rapid identification of both known and previously undocumented genetic modifications in cultured, conventional and newly emerging biothreat agents. Our findings have significant implications in the context of whole genome sequencing-based routine clinical diagnostics as well as epidemiological surveillance of natural disease outbreaks caused by bacterial and viral agents. C1 [Chen, Peter E.; Willner, Kristin M.; Butani, Amy; Dorsey, Shakia; George, Matroner; Stewart, Andrew; Lentz, Shannon M.; Cook, Christopher E.; Akmal, Arya; Mateczun, Alfred; Brahmbhatt, Trupti N.; Bishop-Lilly, Kimberly A.; Sozhamannan, Shanmuga] USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Price, Lance B.; Keim, Paul S.] Translat Genom Res Inst, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Keim, Paul S.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Zwick, Michael E.; Read, Timothy D.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA USA. [Read, Timothy D.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chen, PE (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM Shanmuga.Sozhamannan@med.navy.mil RI Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; Read, Timothy/E-6240-2011 NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 25 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 8 AR e12397 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0012397 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 642RO UT WOS:000281234700021 PM 20811637 ER PT J AU Houng, HSH Gong, HP Kajon, AE Jones, MS Kuschner, RA Lyons, A Lott, L Lin, KH Metzgar, D AF Houng, Huo-Shu H. Gong, Heping Kajon, Adriana E. Jones, Morris S. Kuschner, Robert A. Lyons, Arthur Lott, Lisa Lin, Kuei-Hsiang Metzgar, David TI Genome sequences of Human Adenovirus 14 isolates from mild respiratory cases and a fatal pneumonia, isolated during 2006-2007 epidemics in North America SO RESPIRATORY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MILITARY RECRUITS; INFECTIONS; DISEASE; TYPE-7; ILLNESS; SEROTYPES; EVOLUTION; CHILDREN; TAIWAN; CAMP AB Background: Human adenovirus 14 (HAdV-14) is a recognized causative agent of epidemic febrile respiratory illness (FRI). Last reported in Eurasia in 1963, this virus has since been conspicuously absent in broad surveys, and was never isolated in North America despite inclusion of specific tests for this serotype in surveillance methods. In 2006 and 2007, this virus suddenly emerged in North America, causing high attack rate epidemics of FRI and, in some cases, severe pneumonias and occasional fatalities. Some outbreaks have been relatively mild, with low rates of progression beyond uncomplicated FRI, while other outbreaks have involved high rates of more serious outcomes. Methodology and Findings: In this paper we present the complete genomic sequence of this emerging pathogen, and compare genomic sequences of isolates from both mild and severe outbreaks. We also compare the genome sequences of the recent isolates with those of the prototype HAdV-14 that circulated in Eurasia 30 years ago and the closely related sequence of HAdV-11a, which has been circulating in southeast Asia. Conclusions: The data suggest that the currently circulating strain of HAdV-14 is closely related to the historically recognized prototype throughout its genome, though it does display a couple of potentially functional mutations in the fiber knob and E1A genes. There are no polymorphisms that suggest an obvious explanation for the divergence in severity between outbreak events, suggesting that differences in outcome are more likely environmental or host determined rather than viral genetics. C1 [Houng, Huo-Shu H.; Gong, Heping; Kuschner, Robert A.; Lyons, Arthur] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Viral Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kajon, Adriana E.] Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Program Infect Dis, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Jones, Morris S.] David Grant USAF Med Ctr DGMC, Clin Invest Facil, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. [Lott, Lisa] Off AF Surg Gen, Adv Diagnost Lab, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Lin, Kuei-Hsiang] Kaohsiung Med Univ, Dept Clin Lab, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan. [Metzgar, David] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Resp Dis Res, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Houng, HSH (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Viral Dis, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM huo-shu.houng@amedd.army.mil RI Lyons, Arthur/B-8923-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1465-9921 J9 RESP RES JI Respir. Res. PD AUG 25 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 116 DI 10.1186/1465-9921-11-116 PG 8 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 659FP UT WOS:000282552700001 PM 20738863 ER PT J AU Sedegah, M Kim, Y Peters, B McGrath, S Ganeshan, H Lejano, J Abot, E Banania, G Belmonte, M Sayo, R Farooq, F Doolan, DL Regis, D Tamminga, C Chuang, I Bruder, JT King, CR Ockenhouse, CF Faber, B Remarque, E Hollingdale, MR Richie, TL Sette, A AF Sedegah, Martha Kim, Yohan Peters, Bjoern McGrath, Shannon Ganeshan, Harini Lejano, Jennylynn Abot, Esteban Banania, Glenna Belmonte, Maria Sayo, Renato Farooq, Fouzia Doolan, Denise L. Regis, David Tamminga, Cindy Chuang, Ilin Bruder, Joseph T. King, C. Richter Ockenhouse, Christian F. Faber, Bart Remarque, Edmond Hollingdale, Michael R. Richie, Thomas L. Sette, Alessandro TI Identification and localization of minimal MHC-restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes within the Plasmodium falciparum AMA1 protein SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1; MALARIA VACCINE CANDIDATE; NATURAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; BLOOD-STAGE VACCINE; BAY COHORT PROJECT; CLASS-I SUPERTYPES; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CLINICAL-TRIAL AB Background: Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1) is a leading malaria vaccine candidate antigen that is expressed by sporozoite, liver and blood stage parasites. Since CD8+ T cell responses have been implicated in protection against pre-erythrocytic stage malaria, this study was designed to identify MHC class I-restricted epitopes within AMA1. Methods: A recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 vector expressing P. falciparum AMA1 was highly immunogenic when administered to healthy, malaria-naive adult volunteers as determined by IFN-gamma ELISpot responses to peptide pools containing overlapping 15-mer peptides spanning full-length AMA1. Computerized algorithms (NetMHC software) were used to predict minimal MHC-restricted 8-10-mer epitope sequences within AMA1 15-mer peptides active in ELISpot. A subset of epitopes was synthesized and tested for induction of CD8+ T cell IFN-gamma responses by ELISpot depletion and ICS assays. A 3-dimensional model combining Domains I + II of P. falciparum AMA1 and Domain III of P. vivax AMA1 was used to map these epitopes. Results: Fourteen 8-10-mer epitopes were predicted to bind to HLA supertypes A01 (3 epitopes), A02 (4 epitopes), B08 (2 epitopes) and B44 (5 epitopes). Nine of the 14 predicted epitopes were recognized in ELISpot or ELISpot and ICS assays by one or more volunteers. Depletion of T cell subsets confirmed that these epitopes were CD8+ T cell-dependent. A mixture of the 14 minimal epitopes was capable of recalling CD8+ T cell IFN-gamma responses from PBMC of immunized volunteers. Thirteen of the 14 predicted epitopes were polymorphic and the majority localized to the more conserved front surface of the AMA1 model structure. Conclusions: This study predicted 14 and confirmed nine MHC class I-restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes on AMA1 recognized in the context of seven HLA alleles. These HLA alleles belong to four HLA supertypes that have a phenotypic frequency between 23% - 100% in different human populations. C1 [Sedegah, Martha; Ganeshan, Harini; Lejano, Jennylynn; Abot, Esteban; Banania, Glenna; Belmonte, Maria; Sayo, Renato; Farooq, Fouzia; Regis, David; Tamminga, Cindy; Chuang, Ilin; Richie, Thomas L.] USN, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kim, Yohan; Peters, Bjoern; Sette, Alessandro] La Jolla Inst Allergy & Immunol, La Jolla, CA USA. [McGrath, Shannon; Ockenhouse, Christian F.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Ganeshan, Harini; Lejano, Jennylynn; Abot, Esteban; Banania, Glenna; Belmonte, Maria; Sayo, Renato; Farooq, Fouzia] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Doolan, Denise L.] Queensland Inst Med Res, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia. [Bruder, Joseph T.; King, C. Richter] GenVec, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Faber, Bart; Remarque, Edmond] Biomed Primate Res Ctr, Rijswijk, Netherlands. [Hollingdale, Michael R.] NMRC, Malaria Dept, USMMVP, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hollingdale, MR (reprint author), NMRC, Malaria Dept, USMMVP, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM mikedc110@gmail.com RI Belmonte, Maria/A-8032-2011; Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015; OI Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 FU USAID; Military Infectious Diseases Research Program; Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program; Pfizer; [6000.RAD1.F.A0309] FX The authors thankfully acknowledge Henk van Westbroek who created Figure 5. DR, CT, IC, CFO and TLR are active duty military personnel at the time they contributed to this work; MS is a US Government employee. The work of these individuals was prepared as part of official government duties. Title 17 U.S.C. 105 provides that 'Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government.' Title 17 U.S.C. 101 defines a U.S. Government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employee of the U.S. Government as part of that person's official duties. The work of authors affiliated with the Naval Medical Research Center was supported by work unit number 6000.RAD1.F.A0309. Major funding for this work was provided by USAID, the Military Infectious Diseases Research Program, and the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program. DLD was supported by a Pfizer Australia Senior Research Fellowship. The study protocol for the clinical trial presented in this manuscript was approved by the National Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical Research Center and Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Institutional Review Boards, in compliance with all applicable Federal regulations governing protection of human subjects. All study subjects gave written informed consent. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U. S. Government. NR 70 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD AUG 24 PY 2010 VL 9 AR 241 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-9-241 PG 16 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 657MM UT WOS:000282416800001 PM 20735847 ER PT J AU Economou, SE Lindner, N Rudolph, T AF Economou, Sophia E. Lindner, Netanel Rudolph, Terry TI Optically Generated 2-Dimensional Photonic Cluster State from Coupled Quantum Dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER; SPIN AB We propose a method to generate a two-dimensional cluster state of polarization encoded photonic qubits from two coupled quantum dot emitters. We combine the proposal for generating one-dimensional cluster state strings from a single dot, with a new proposal for an induced conditional phase gate between the two quantum dots. The entanglement between the two dots translates to entanglement between the two photonic cluster state strings. Further interpair coupling of the quantum dots using cavities and wave-guides can lead to a two-dimensional cluster sheet, the importance of which stems from the fact that it is a universal resource for quantum computation. Analysis of errors indicates that our proposal is feasible with current technology. Crucially, the emitted photons need not have identical frequencies, and so there are no constraints on the resonance energies for the quantum dots. C1 [Economou, Sophia E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lindner, Netanel] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Lindner, Netanel] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Rudolph, Terry] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Inst Math Sci, London SW7 2PG, England. RP Economou, SE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindner, Netanel/C-6966-2008; OI Rudolph, Terence/0000-0002-1678-3893 FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; U.S. Office of Naval Research; NSA/LPS FX This work was supported in part by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and the U.S. Office of Naval Research and NSA/LPS. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 24 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 9 AR 093601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.093601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 641XC UT WOS:000281164200007 PM 20868157 ER PT J AU Ahn, J Mastro, MA Hite, J Eddy, CR Kim, J AF Ahn, Jaehui Mastro, Michael A. Hite, Jennifer Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Kim, Jihyun TI Electroluminescence from ZnO nanoflowers/GaN thin film p-n heterojunction SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; DIELECTROPHORETIC MANIPULATION; CELL-SEPARATION; MULTICOLOR; FABRICATION; NANOWIRES; NANORODS AB Dielectrophoretic force was employed to position ZnO nanoflowers on a p-type GaN thin film prepatterned with Ti/Al/Ni/Au n-type and Ni/Au p-type contact metallizations. Analytical and finite element calculations were employed to determine the optimal alternating current frequency to attract the randomly dispersed ZnO nanoflowers to the n-type contact located on but isolated from the p-GaN thin film. The n-type ZnO nanoflower/p-type GaN thin film heterojunction displayed rectifying current-voltage behavior characteristic of a pristine p-n junction diode and emitted violet light under forward bias above 4.7-5.5 V. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3481415] C1 [Ahn, Jaehui; Kim, Jihyun] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Mastro, Michael A.; Hite, Jennifer; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ahn, J (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. EM michael.mastro@nrl.navy.mil; hyunhyun7@korea.ac.kr RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013; Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korea; Office of the Naval Research FX The research at Korea University was supported by the Carbon Dioxide Reduction and Sequestration Center, one of the 21st Century Frontier R&D Program funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korea. The research at U.S. Naval Research Laboratory was supported by Office of the Naval Research. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 23 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 8 AR 082111 DI 10.1063/1.3481415 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 643OM UT WOS:000281306500041 ER PT J AU Tribble, D Kaminski, R Cantrell, J Nelson, M Porter, C Baqar, S Williams, C Arora, R Saunders, J Ananthakrishnan, M Sanders, J Zaucha, G Turbyfill, R Oaks, E AF Tribble, D. Kaminski, R. Cantrell, J. Nelson, M. Porter, C. Baqar, S. Williams, C. Arora, R. Saunders, J. Ananthakrishnan, M. Sanders, J. Zaucha, G. Turbyfill, R. Oaks, E. TI Safety and immunogenicity of a Shigella flexneri 2a Invaplex 50 intranasal vaccine in adult volunteers SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Shigella flexneri; Invaplex; Nasal vaccine ID INVASIN COMPLEX; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; INFECTION; EFFICACY; DIARRHEA; MODEL; LIVE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; OPTIMIZATION; PATHOGENESIS AB Shigellosis is a leading cause of diarrhea worldwide prompting vaccine development. The Shigella flexneri Invaplex 50 is a macromolecular complex containing IpaB, IpaC, and LPS, formulated from an aqueous extract of virulent Shigella delivered via nasal administration. Preclinical vaccine testing demonstrated safety, immunogenicity and efficacy. An open-label dose-escalating phase 1 study evaluated a 3-dose (2-week intervals) regimen via nasal pipette delivery. Thirty-two subjects were enrolled into one of four vaccine dose groups (10, 50,240, or 480 mu g). The vaccine was well tolerated with minor short-lived nasal symptoms without evidence of dose effect. Antibody-secreting cell (ASC) responses were elicited at doses >= 50 mu g with the highest IgG ASC, Invaplex 50 (100%) and S. flexneri 2a LPS (71%), as well as, serologic responses (43%) occurring with the 240 mu g dose. Fecal IgA responses, Invaplex 50(38.5%) and LPS (30.8%), were observed at doses >= 240 mu g. The Invaplex 50 nasal vaccine was safe with encouraging mucosal immune responses. Follow-on studies will optimize dose, delivery mechanism and assess efficacy in a S. flexneri 2a challenge study. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tribble, D.; Cantrell, J.; Porter, C.; Baqar, S.; Williams, C.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kaminski, R.; Saunders, J.; Ananthakrishnan, M.; Zaucha, G.; Turbyfill, R.; Oaks, E.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Nelson, M.; Arora, R.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Saunders, J.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Tribble, D (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Prevent Med & Biometr Dept, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM dtribble@usuhs.mil FU Work Unit [643807A.849.D.A0002.] FX This work was supported by Work Unit Number 643807A.849.D.A0002. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 23 PY 2010 VL 28 IS 37 BP 6076 EP 6085 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.06.086 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 647OF UT WOS:000281627100022 PM 20619378 ER PT J AU Gourdin, G Jiang, T Smith, P Qu, DY AF Gourdin, Gerald Jiang, Thomas Smith, Patricia Qu, Deyang TI Comparison of post-stress responses of various porous carbon electrodes in supercapacitors SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02125 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 61-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164703204 ER PT J AU Kolel-Veetil, MK Keller, TM AF Kolel-Veetil, Manoj K. Keller, Teddy M. TI Comparison of the reactivities of a terminal alkene and an internal alkyne in platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation reactions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kolel-Veetil, Manoj K.; Keller, Teddy M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 3-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164703400 ER PT J AU Kovaleski, KJ Matzdorf, CA Nickerson, WC AF Kovaleski, Kevin J. Matzdorf, Craig A. Nickerson, William C. TI Assessment of accelerated corrosion tests compared to beachfront testing and proposed evaluation method of coated panels SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kovaleski, Kevin J.; Matzdorf, Craig A.; Nickerson, William C.] NAVAIR, Mat Engn Div, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 104-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706309 ER PT J AU Long, JW Hahn, BP Sassin, MB Wallace, JM Pettigrew, KA Osofsky, M Mansour, AN Rolison, DR AF Long, Jeffrey W. Hahn, Benjamin P. Sassin, Megan B. Wallace, Jean Marie Pettigrew, Katherine A. Osofsky, Michael Mansour, Azzam N. Rolison, Debra R. TI Using disorder and architectural design to improve electrical energy storage devices SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Surface Chem Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Mat & Sensors Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Syst & Mat Power & Protect Branch, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 398-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164703494 ER PT J AU Long, JW Sassin, MB Chervin, CN Wallace, JM Pettigrew, KA Dysart, JL Rolison, DR Mansour, AN AF Long, Jeffrey W. Sassin, Megan B. Chervin, Christopher N. Wallace, Jean M. Pettigrew, Katherine A. Dysart, Jennifer L. Rolison, Debra R. Mansour, Azzam N. TI Multifunctional carbon nanoarchitectures as designer platforms for electrochemical power sources SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Syst & Mat Power & Protect Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 282-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164700432 ER PT J AU Ouellette, W Prosvirin, AV Dunbar, KR Zubieta, JA AF Ouellette, Wayne Prosvirin, Andrey V. Dunbar, Kim R. Zubieta, Jon A. TI Structural chemistry and properties of metal organic frameworks based on polyazaheteroaromatic ligands SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 275-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164703379 ER PT J AU Rolison, DR Chervin, CN Long, JW Owrutsky, JC Brock, SL Melinger, JS AF Rolison, Debra R. Chervin, Christopher N. Long, Jeffrey W. Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. Brock, Stephanie L. Melinger, Joseph S. TI Nanoparticulate ruthenium dioxide shells on optical substrate cores: An old material as a new TCO with broadband transparency and metallic conductivity SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rolison, Debra R.; Chervin, Christopher N.; Long, Jeffrey W.; Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.; Brock, Stephanie L.; Melinger, Joseph S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 267-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164700420 ER PT J AU Tender, LM Strycharz, S Snider, R AF Tender, Leonard M. Strycharz, Sarah Snider, Rachel TI So you think you're an electrochemist, well say hello to my little friend SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tender, Leonard M.; Strycharz, Sarah; Snider, Rachel] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 284-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164700434 ER PT J AU Trulove, PC Reichert, WM Foley, MP McIlvaine, WB O'Sullivan, DW De Long, HC AF Trulove, Paul C. Reichert, W. Matthew Foley, Matthew P. McIlvaine, William B. O'Sullivan, Daniel W. De Long, Hugh C. TI Application of ionic liquids for the conversion of cellulosic biomass into usable fuels SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USAF, Directorate Math Informat & Life Sci, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 65-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164703087 ER PT J AU Wynne, JH Watson, KE Lundin, JG Yesinowski, JP AF Wynne, James H. Watson, Kelly E. Lundin, Jeffrey G. Yesinowski, James P. TI Novel environmentally friendly approach to paint strippers based in interfacial mechanistic studies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Div Chem, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 281-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702663 ER PT J AU Moon, HR Siddiqui, MA Sun, G Filippov, IV Landsman, NA Lee, YC Adams, KM Barchi, JJ Deschamps, JR Nicklaus, MC Kelley, JA Marquez, VE AF Moon, Hyung Ryong Siddiqui, Maqbool A. Sun, Guangyu Filippov, Igor V. Landsman, Nicholas A. Lee, Yi-Chien Adams, Kristie M. Barchi, Joseph J., Jr. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Nicklaus, Marc C. Kelley, James A. Marquez, Victor E. TI Using conformationally locked nucleosides to calibrate the anomeric effect: implications for glycosyl bond stability SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOROTATIONAL EQUILIBRIUM; PENTOFURANOSE MOIETY; ALCOHOLS; H-1-NMR; SYSTEM AB Steric and electronic parameters, such as the anomeric effect (AE) and gauche effect play significant roles in steering the North <-> South equilibrium of nucleosides in solution. Two isomeric oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane nucleosides that are conformationally locked in either the North or the South conformation of the pseudorotational cycle were designed to study the consequences of having the AE operational or not, independent of other parameters. The rigidity of the system allowed the orientation of the orbitals involved to be set in 'fixed' relationships, either antiperiplanar where the AE is permanently 'on', or gauche where the AE is impaired. The consequences of these two alternatives were subjected to high-level calculations and measured experimentally by X-ray crystallography, hydrolytic stability of the glycosyl bond, and pK(a) values. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Moon, Hyung Ryong; Siddiqui, Maqbool A.; Sun, Guangyu; Landsman, Nicholas A.; Lee, Yi-Chien; Adams, Kristie M.; Barchi, Joseph J., Jr.; Nicklaus, Marc C.; Kelley, James A.; Marquez, Victor E.] NCI, Biol Chem Lab, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Filippov, Igor V.] SAIC Frederick Inc, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marquez, VE (reprint author), NCI, Biol Chem Lab, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. EM marquezv@mail.nih.gov RI Nicklaus, Marc/N-4183-2014; Barchi Jr., Joseph/N-3784-2014; OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010; Nicklaus, Marc/0000-0002-4775-7030 FU NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health [N01-00-12400] FX The authors wish to express their gratitude to Professor Christopher J. Cramer from the Department of Chemical Physics and Scientific Computation at the University of Minnesota for his advice. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research. The project was also funded in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under contract N01-00-12400. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD AUG 21 PY 2010 VL 66 IS 34 BP 6707 EP 6717 DI 10.1016/j.tet.2010.06.044 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 639EL UT WOS:000280953500002 PM 21052524 ER PT J AU Rouillard, AP Lavraud, B Sheeley, NR Davies, JA Burlaga, LF Savani, NP Jacquey, C Forsyth, RJ AF Rouillard, A. P. Lavraud, B. Sheeley, N. R. Davies, J. A. Burlaga, L. F. Savani, N. P. Jacquey, C. Forsyth, R. J. TI WHITE LIGHT AND IN SITU COMPARISON OF A FORMING MERGED INTERACTION REGION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; solar wind; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; MAGNETIC CLOUD EXPANSION; STEREO MISSION; SOLAR-WIND; HELIOSPHERIC IMAGERS; 1 AU; SECCHI; BRIGHTNESS; TRACKING; EARTH AB The images taken by the Heliospheric Imager (HI) instruments, part of the SECCHI imaging package on board the pair of STEREO spacecraft, provide information on the radial and latitudinal evolution of the plasma transported by coronal mass ejections (CMEs). In this case study, a CME, appearing near 15 UT on 2007 November 15 in SECCHI coronagraph images, leads to the formation of two out-flowing density structures (DSs) in the heliosphere. The analysis of time-elongation maps constructed from images obtained by the HI instruments shows that these DSs were propagating along the Sun-Earth line. A direct comparison of HI images and in situ measurements taken near Earth could therefore be performed. These two DSs are separated by a cavity associated with little brightness variation or equivalently little electron density variation. In situ measurements made in the solar wind near Earth on 2007 November 20 show that this cavity corresponds to a magnetic cloud (MC). While the leading DS is related to the sheath in front of the MC, the second DS is located on the sunward side of the MC where high-speed solar wind from a coronal hole catches up and interacts with the MC. We conclude that HI observes the sub-structures of a merged interaction region (MIR), a region of the interplanetary medium where the total solar wind pressure is greatly enhanced by the interaction of an MC with the ambient solar wind. This MIR caused the largest geomagnetic storm in 2007. C1 [Rouillard, A. P.; Lavraud, B.; Jacquey, C.] Univ Toulouse, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-21028 Toulouse, France. [Rouillard, A. P.; Lavraud, B.; Jacquey, C.] CNRS, UMR 5187, Toulouse, France. [Sheeley, N. R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Davies, J. A.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Chilton OX11 0QX, England. [Burlaga, L. F.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Savani, N. P.; Forsyth, R. J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. RP Rouillard, AP (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM arouilla@gmu.edu RI Savani, Neel/G-4066-2014 OI Savani, Neel/0000-0002-1916-7877 NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2010 VL 719 IS 2 BP 1385 EP 1392 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/719/2/1385 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 635LU UT WOS:000280658000028 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Atwood, WB Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Baughman, BM Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Brandt, TJ Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Cannon, A Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Colafrancesco, S Cominsky, LR Conrad, J Costamante, L Davis, DS Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F do Couto e Silva, E Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Falcone, A Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Finke, J Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Georganopoulos, M Germani, S Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grandi, P Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Harding, AK Hase, H Hayashida, M Hays, E Horan, D Hughes, RE Itoh, R Jackson, MS Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Kadler, M Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kishishita, T Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lee, SH Lemoine-Goumard, M Garde, ML Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McConville, W McEnery, JE Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Muller, C Nakamori, T Naumann-Godo, M Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohno, M Ohsugi, T Ojha, R Okumura, A Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Pagani, C Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Plotz, C Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Razzaque, S Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ripken, J Ritz, S Rodriguez, AY Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Scargle, JD Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Starck, JL Stawarz, L Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Yang, Z Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Atwood, W. B. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Baughman, B. M. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Brandt, T. J. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Cannon, A. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Colafrancesco, S. Cominsky, L. R. Conrad, J. Costamante, L. Davis, D. S. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Falcone, A. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Finke, J. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Georganopoulos, M. Germani, S. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grandi, P. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Harding, A. K. Hase, Hayo Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Itoh, R. Jackson, M. S. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Kadler, M. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kishishita, T. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lee, S. -H. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Garde, M. Llena Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McConville, W. McEnery, J. E. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Mueller, C. Nakamori, T. Naumann-Godo, M. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohno, M. Ohsugi, T. Ojha, R. Okumura, A. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Pagani, C. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Plotz, C. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ripken, J. Ritz, S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Starck, J. -L. Stawarz, L. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Yang, Z. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE VIEW OF THE CORE OF THE RADIO GALAXY CENTAURUS A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: individual (Centaurus A); galaxies: jets; gamma rays: galaxies; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ENERGY COSMIC-RAYS; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; X-RAY; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; TEV BLAZARS; NGC 5128 AB We present gamma-ray observations with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope of the nearby radio galaxy Centaurus A (Cen A). The previous EGRET detection is confirmed, and the localization is improved using data from the first 10 months of Fermi science operation. In previous work, we presented the detection of the lobes by the LAT; in this work, we concentrate on the gamma-ray core of Cen A. Flux levels as seen by the LAT are not significantly different from that found by EGRET, nor is the extremely soft LAT spectrum (Gamma = 2.67 +/- 0.10(stat) +/- 0.08(sys) where the photon flux is Phi alpha E-Gamma). The LAT core spectrum, extrapolated to higher energies, is marginally consistent with the non-simultaneous HESS spectrum of the source. The LAT observations are complemented by simultaneous observations from Suzaku, the Swift Burst Alert Telescope and X-ray Telescope, and radio observations with the Tracking Active Galactic Nuclei with Austral Milliarcsecond Interferometry program, along with a variety of non-simultaneous archival data from a variety of instruments and wavelengths to produce a spectral energy distribution (SED). We fit this broadband data set with a single-zone synchrotron/synchrotron self-Compton model, which describes the radio through GeV emission well, but fails to account for the non-simultaneous higher energy TeV emission observed by HESS from 2004 to 2008. The fit requires a low Doppler factor, in contrast to BL Lac objects which generally require larger values to fit their broadband SEDs. This indicates that the gamma-ray emission originates from a slower region than that from BL Lac objects, consistent with previous modeling results from Cen A. This slower region could be a slower moving layer around a fast spine, or a slower region farther out from the black hole in a decelerating flow. The fit parameters are also consistent with Cen A being able to accelerate ultra-high energy cosmic-rays, as hinted at by results from the Auger observatory. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Finke, J.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Razzaque, S.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.; Finke, J.; Razzaque, S.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Costamante, L.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Costamante, L.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Naumann-Godo, M.; Starck, J. -L.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, Serv Astrophys, CEA Saclay, Lab AIM,CEA IRFU,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Carrigan, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Baughman, B. M.; Brandt, T. J.; Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brandt, T. J.; Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Giebels, B.; Horan, D.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Cannon, A.; Celik, Oe; Davis, D. S.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Johnson, T. J.; Kadler, M.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cannon, A.] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Colafrancesco, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Giommi, P.] ASI, Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Celik, Oe; Kadler, M.; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Davis, D. S.; Georganopoulos, M.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe; Davis, D. S.; Georganopoulos, M.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Cominsky, L. R.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; Ripken, J.; Yang, Z.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Garde, M. Llena; Ripken, J.; Ryde, F.; Yang, Z.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Coll Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Reposeur, T.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, UMR 5797, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Reposeur, T.] Univ Bordeaux, CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Falcone, A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Osservatorio Astron Trieste, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Itoh, R.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Grandi, P.] INAF IASF Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Guillemot, L.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Hase, Hayo] Bundesamt Kartog & Geodasie, Concepcion, Chile. [Jackson, M. S.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol, KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kadler, M.; Mueller, C.] Dr Remeis Sternwarte Bamberg, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Kadler, M.] Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Kadler, M.] USRA, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Kataoka, J.; Nakamori, T.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Kishishita, T.; Ohno, M.; Okumura, A.; Ozaki, M.; Stawarz, L.; Takahashi, T.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Ojha, R.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pagani, C.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Div Space Sci, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Stawarz, L.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM justin.finke@nrl.navy.mil; fukazawa@hep01.hepl.hiroshima-u.ac.jp RI Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Starck, Jean-Luc/D-9467-2011; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013 OI Kadler, Matthias/0000-0001-5606-6154; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Grandi, Paola/0000-0003-1848-6013; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Starck, Jean-Luc/0000-0003-2177-7794; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; FU Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France; NASA [NNX08AV77G, NNX09AU07G]; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP) program FX Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France.; We are grateful to the anonymous referee for useful comments which have improved the manuscript. We thank N. Odegard for providing us with the WMAP image and the Suzaku team for their calibration and satellite operation. We also acknowledge the Swift Team and the Swift/XRT monitoring program efforts as well as Swift analysis supported by NASA grants NNX08AV77G and NNX09AU07G.; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow funded by a grant from the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation.; Partially supported by the International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP) program. NR 105 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2010 VL 719 IS 2 BP 1433 EP 1444 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/719/2/1433 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 635LU UT WOS:000280658000033 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Stenborg, G AF Wang, Y. -M. Stenborg, G. TI SPINNING MOTIONS IN CORONAL CAVITIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: filaments, prominences; Sun: magnetic topology; Sun: surface magnetism; Sun: UV radiation ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SOLAR PROMINENCES; ACTIVE-REGION; FLOWS; DENSITIES; DYNAMICS AB In movies made from Fe XII 19.5 nm images, coronal cavities that graze or are detached from the solar limb appear as continually spinning structures, with sky-plane projected flow speeds in the range 5-10 km s(-1). These whirling motions often persist in the same sense for up to several days and provide strong evidence that the cavities and the immediately surrounding streamer material have the form of helical flux ropes viewed along their axes. A pronounced bias toward spin in the equatorward direction is observed during 2008. We attribute this bias to the poleward concentration of the photospheric magnetic flux near sunspot minimum, which leads to asymmetric heating along large-scale coronal loops and tends to drive a flow from higher to lower latitudes; this flow is converted into an equatorward spinning motion when the loops pinch off to form a flux rope. As sunspot activity increases and the polar fields weaken, we expect the preferred direction of the spin to reverse. C1 [Wang, Y. -M.; Stenborg, G.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stenborg, G.] Interferometrics Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yi.wang@nrl.navy.mil; guillermo.stenborg.ctr.ar@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by NASA and the Office of Naval Research. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2010 VL 719 IS 2 BP L181 EP L184 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/719/2/L181 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 642HP UT WOS:000281199900016 ER PT J AU Frigo, NJ Bucholtz, F AF Frigo, N. J. Bucholtz, F. TI Measurement of polarisation-dependent phase shift in DPSK demodulator SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIBER-OPTIC SENSORS; PHOTONIC LINKS; NOISE AB The recent availability of DPSK demodulators has spurred interest in phase-modulated analogue RF photonic links, but phase shifts due to birefringence can cause transmission impairments. Presented are measurements of the polarisation-dependent phase shift in a DPSK demodulator created by the relative angle (in Stokes space) between the launch SOP and the demodulator's eigenstate. This phase shift is connected to earlier theoretical predictions, and results are compared to a vendor's specifications for three models. Since imperfect phase modulators may cause modulation of the polarisation at the signal frequency, these impairments may limit RF photonic link performance. C1 [Frigo, N. J.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Bucholtz, F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Frigo, NJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, 572C Holloway Rd,M-S 9C, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM frigo@usna.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD AUG 19 PY 2010 VL 46 IS 17 BP 1211 EP U66 DI 10.1049/el.2010.0781 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 639WD UT WOS:000281006100028 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA Zhang, BA Toporkov, JV Perrie, W AF Hwang, Paul A. Zhang, Biao Toporkov, Jakov V. Perrie, William TI Comparison of composite Bragg theory and quad-polarization radar backscatter from RADARSAT-2: With applications to wave breaking and high wind retrieval SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID LOW GRAZING ANGLES; SEA-SURFACE; ROUGH-SURFACE; SAR IMAGERY; WATER-WAVES; C-BAND; MODEL; OCEAN; SCATTERING; SPEED AB Depolarized (de-pol) radar backscatter is now produced by many spaceborne satellites. Analysis of RADARSAT-2 (R2) quad-polarization (quad-pol) data with collocated in situ ocean wind measurements reveals that the de-pol radar backscatter does not saturate in high winds. This is a significant development for radar wind sensing, because wind retrieval with copolarized (co-pol) backscatter suffers from problems of incidence-and-azimuth-angle-dependent signal saturation and dampening in high winds. We present a study comparing satellite quad-pol measurements with the composite surface Bragg (CB) theory of radar backscattering from the ocean surface. The co-pol data are in good agreement with the CB theory. De-pol data are more sensitive to wind speed compared to theoretical prediction, thus retrieval of high winds is more accurate using the de-pol return. The cubic wind speed dependence of de-pol returns in high winds reflects the significant breaking wave contributions. The relationship can be used to obtain wave-breaking properties from space. C1 [Hwang, Paul A.; Toporkov, Jakov V.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zhang, Biao; Perrie, William] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Paul.Hwang@nrl.navy.mil; Biao.Zhang@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; Toporkov@nrl.navy.mil; William.Perrie@dfo-mpo.gc.ca FU Office of Naval Research [61153N]; Canadian Space Agency; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-201]; National Science Foundation of China [40706058] FX This work is sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (NRL program element 61153N), Canadian Space Agency (GRIP Programme), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Knowledge Innovation Program grant KZCX2-YW-201), and National Science Foundation of China (grant 40706058). The in situ data used in this analysis are provided by NDBC. We have benefited from many discussions on radar back-scatter with Mark Sletten and Tom Ainsworth (both at NRL) and R2 system noise with Paris Vachon (at DND Ottawa). NRL contribution NRL/JA/7260-10-0039. NR 56 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 19 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C08019 DI 10.1029/2009JC005995 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 641QT UT WOS:000281145500002 ER PT J AU Susumu, K Medintz, IL Delehanty, JB Boeneman, K Mattoussi, H AF Susumu, Kimihiro Medintz, Igor L. Delehanty, James B. Boeneman, Kelly Mattoussi, Hedi TI Modification of Poly(ethylene glycol)-Capped Quantum Dots with Nickel Nitrilotriacetic Acid and Self-Assembly with Histidine-Tagged Proteins SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID CORE/SHELL SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; LIVE CELLS; MULTIFUNCTIONAL LIGANDS; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; NANOPARTICLES; STABILITY; PROBES; FLUOROPHORES; PEPTIDES AB We describe the design and preparation of luminescent quantum dots (QDs) modified with terminal nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) groups via simple EDC (N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride) condensation, to form QD-Ni-NTA complexes. The QDs were prepared starting from CdSe-ZnS core shell QDs surface-capped with carboxy-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) ligands. This modification allowed coupling of a controllable number of oligohistidine-tagged proteins via metal-affinity interactions. In particular, QD-Ni-NTA complexes were coupled to 5 x His-tagged maltose binding proteins labeled with Texas red, where effective formation of the QD-MBP-Texas red conjugates was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis and fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies. The stability of the QD-MBP conjugates was further tested inside live cells following microinjection directly into the cytoplasm. This design expands on the good colloidal stability afforded by our earlier PEG-based modular ligands which provided QDs with great colloidal stability over a broad range of biologically relevant conditions. C1 [Susumu, Kimihiro; Mattoussi, Hedi] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Medintz, Igor L.; Delehanty, James B.; Boeneman, Kelly] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Susumu, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM susumu@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; mattoussi@chem.fsu.edu RI Gemmill, Kelly/G-2167-2012 FU CB Directorate Physical S&T Division (DTRA); NRL; Office of Naval Research (ONR); Army Research Office FX The authors acknowledge the CB Directorate Physical S&T Division (DTRA), NRL, Office of Naval Research (ONR), and the Army Research Office for financial support. NR 36 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 58 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 19 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 32 BP 13526 EP 13531 DI 10.1021/jp103872j PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 636JE UT WOS:000280727500017 ER PT J AU Mazeina, L Perkins, FK Bermudez, VM Arnold, SP Prokes, SM AF Mazeina, Lena Perkins, F. Keith Bermudez, Victor M. Arnold, Stephen P. Prokes, S. M. TI Functionalized Ga2O3 Nanowires as Active Material in Room Temperature Capacitance-Based Gas Sensors SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; PYRUVIC-ACID; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; ADSORPTION; OXIDE; INJECTION AB We report the first evidence for functionalization of Ga2O3 nanowires (NWs), which have been incorporated as the active material in room temperature capacitance gas-sensing devices. An adsorbed layer of pyruvic acid (PA) was successfully formed on Ga2O3 NWs by simple room temperature vapor transport, which was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effect of the adsorbed PA on the surface properties was demonstrated by the change in the response of the NW gas-sensing devices. Results indicate that the adsorption of PA reduced the sensitivity of the Ga2O3 NW device to common hydrocarbons such as nitromethane and acetone while improving the response to triethylamine by an order of magnitude. Taking into account the simplicity of this functionalization together with the ease of producing these capacitance-based gas-sensing devices, this approach represents a viable technique for sensor development. C1 [Mazeina, Lena; Perkins, F. Keith; Bermudez, Victor M.; Arnold, Stephen P.; Prokes, S. M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mazeina, L (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lena_mazeina@yahoo.com; sharka.prokes@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. L.M. thanks the National Research Council for administrative support. Art Snow is thanked for providing distilled TEA. NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 17 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 16 BP 13722 EP 13726 DI 10.1021/la101760k PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 635PI UT WOS:000280667900094 PM 20695626 ER PT J AU Healy, BC Liguori, M Tran, D Chitnis, T Glanz, B Wolfish, C Gauthier, S Buckle, G Houtchens, M Stazzone, L Khoury, S Hartzmann, R Fernandez-Vina, M Hafler, DA Weiner, HL Guttmann, CRG De Jager, PL AF Healy, B. C. Liguori, M. Tran, D. Chitnis, T. Glanz, B. Wolfish, C. Gauthier, S. Buckle, G. Houtchens, M. Stazzone, L. Khoury, S. Hartzmann, R. Fernandez-Vina, M. Hafler, D. A. Weiner, H. L. Guttmann, C. R. G. De Jager, P. L. TI HLA B*44 Protective effects in MS susceptibility and MRI outcome SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS SUSCEPTIBILITY; CLASS-I REGION; HLA-A; DISEASE SEVERITY; GENES; POPULATION; DISABILITY; RISK; HLA-DRB1-ASTERISK-1501; ASSOCIATION AB Objective: In addition to the main multiple sclerosis (MS) major histocompatibility complex (MHC) risk allele (HLA DRB1*1501), investigations of the MHC have implicated several class I MHC loci (HLA A, HLA B, and HLA C) as potential independent MS susceptibility loci. Here, we evaluate the role of 3 putative protective alleles in MS: HLA A*02, HLA B*44, and HLA C*05. Methods: Subjects include a clinic-based patient sample with a diagnosis of either MS or a clinically isolated syndrome (n = 532), compared to subjects in a bone marrow donor registry (n = 776). All subjects have 2-digit HLA data. Logistic regression was used to determine the independence of each allele's effect. We used linear regression and an additive model to test for correlation between an allele and MRI and clinical measures of disease course. Results: After accounting for the effect of HLA DRB1*1501, both HLA A*02 and HLA B*44 are validated as susceptibility alleles (p A*02 0.00039 and p B*44 0.00092) and remain significantly associated with MS susceptibility in the presence of the other allele. Although A*02 is not associated with MS outcome measures, HLA B*44 demonstrates association with a better radiologic outcome both in terms of brain parenchymal fraction and T2 hyperintense lesion volume (p = 0.03 for each outcome). Conclusion: The MHC class I alleles HLA A*02 and HLA B*44 independently reduce susceptibility to MS, but only HLA B*44 appears to influence disease course, preserving brain volume and reducing the burden of T2 hyperintense lesions in subjects with MS. Neurology (R) 2010; 75: 634-640 C1 [De Jager, P. L.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Program Translat NeuroPsychiat Genom, Partners MS Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Healy, B. C.; Chitnis, T.; Glanz, B.; Wolfish, C.; Gauthier, S.; Buckle, G.; Houtchens, M.; Stazzone, L.; Khoury, S.; Hafler, D. A.; Weiner, H. L.; Guttmann, C. R. G.; De Jager, P. L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Healy, B. C.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Healy, B. C.] Ctr Biostat, Boston, MA USA. [Liguori, M.; Guttmann, C. R. G.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Neurol Imaging, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Liguori, M.] CNR, Inst Neurol Sci, Mangone, Italy. [Tran, D.; Hafler, D. A.; De Jager, P. L.] Broad Inst, Program Med & Populat Genet, Cambridge, MA USA. [Hartzmann, R.; Fernandez-Vina, M.] Georgetown Univ, USN, Med Res Ctr, CW Bill Young Dept,Def Marrow Program, Kensington, MA USA. [Fernandez-Vina, M.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC USA. [Hafler, D. A.] Yale Univ, Dept Neurol, Med Ctr, New Haven, CT USA. RP De Jager, PL (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Program Translat NeuroPsychiat Genom, Partners MS Ctr, 77 Ave Louis Pasteur,NRB 168C, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM pdejager@rics.bwh.harvard.edu RI Liguori, Maria/D-4390-2016 OI khoury, samia/0000-0003-3198-6063; Liguori, Maria/0000-0003-4338-0392 FU Merck Serono; NIH [NINDS K08 NS 047669-01, 5R01NS055083-03, R01 AI071448, R01 AI067472, R56 AI058680-05]; National Multiple Sclerosis Society; Biogen Idec FX Dr. Healy receives research support from Merck Serono. Dr. Liguori and D. Tran report no disclosures. Dr. Chitnis has served as a consultant for Biogen Idec, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., and EMD Serono, Inc.; served on a speakers' bureau for EMD Serono, Inc.; and receives research support from the NIH (NINDS K08 NS 047669-01 [PI]) and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Dr. Glanz receives research support from Merck Serono, the NIH (NINDS 5R01NS055083-03 [coinvestigator]), and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. C. Wolfish reports no disclosures. Dr. Gauthier has received funding for travel or speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec and EMD Serono, Inc.; and has received research support from EMD Serono, Inc. Dr. Buckle has served on scientific advisory boards for Acorda Therapeutics Inc., Biogen Idec, EMD Serono, Inc., Bayer Schering Pharma, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., and Pfizer Inc.; and has served on speakers' bureaus for and received speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec, EMD Serono, Inc., Bayer Schering Pharma, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., and Pfizer Inc. Dr. Houtchens has served on scientific advisory boards for and received speaker honoraria from EMD Serono, Inc., Biogen Idec, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. L. Stazzone has received funding for travel and speaker honoraria from EMD Serono, Inc. Dr. Khoury has served on scientific advisory boards for EpiVax and Repligen Corporation; serves as a Section Editor for Clinical Immunology; has received speaker honoraria from Repligen Corporation and EMD Serono, Inc.; has received research support from Biogen Idec, the NIH (R01 AI071448 [PI], R01 AI067472 [PI], and R56 AI058680-05 [PI]), the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, and the Fidelity Foundation; and her spouse receives research support from Genzyme Corporation. Dr. Hartzmann is an employee of the US Navy and has received intramural research funding from the Office of Naval Research and Naval Medical Research Center. Dr. Fernandez-Vina serves on editorial advisory boards for Immunogenetics and Human Immunology and serves as a consultant for the National Marrow Donor Program. Dr. Hafler serves on scientific advisory boards and as medico-legal consultant for, and has received speaker honoraria from, Allozyne, Inc., Eisai Inc., and Xceed Molecular Inc.; and receives research support from the NIH (NINDS R37 NS024247 [PI], NINDS POI NS038037, NINDS ROI NS049477, U19 AI0703S2 [PI], POI AI073748, and P01 AI045757) and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Dr. Weiner has served/serves on scientific advisory boards for and received speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec, Genentech, Inc., EMD Serono, Inc., and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.; serves on the editorial boards of Clinical Immunology, Multiple Sclerosis, the Journal of Immunology, and the Journal of Autoimmunity; and receives research support from the NIH (NINDS P01 NS 038037-06A2 [Program Director], NIAID R01 AI43458 [PI], and R01 AG027437 [PI]), and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Dr. Guttmann has served on a scientific advisory board for Tibotec Therapeutics/ Johnson & Johnson; holds patents re: Versatile stereotactic device and methods of use and overlay of tinted images for visualizing change in serial radiologic images; and has received/ receives research support from Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.; , the NIH (R01 AG022092-01 [PI of subcontract], HRCA PO1AG004390 [PI of subcontract], NIH R01 NS036524-05 [PI of subcontract], R01 NS055083-01A1 [coinvestigator], NCRR UL1 RR025758-01 [coinvestigator], 2P41RR013218 Supplemnt [coinvestigator], 2U01AI063623-06 [coinvestigator], NCRR P41 RR013218 [coinvestigator]), the Maurice Pechet Foundation, and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Dr. De Jager has served on scientific advisory boards for Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. and Biogen Idec; serves on the editorial board of the Journal of Neuroimmunology; has received speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec and The Jackson Laboratory; has served as a consultant for Merck Serono; and receives research support from the NIH (ARRA RC2 AG036650 [PI], R01 NS067305 [PI], ARRA RC2 AG036547 [coinvestigator], ARRA RC2 GM093080 [coinvestigator], ARRA RC2 NS070340 [coinvestigator], and R01 AG036042 2008-R01 AG15819 [coinvestigator]), and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. NR 35 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD AUG 17 PY 2010 VL 75 IS 7 BP 634 EP 640 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 640QO UT WOS:000281066700010 PM 20713950 ER PT J AU Botez, D Kumar, S Shin, JC Mawst, LJ Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Botez, D. Kumar, S. Shin, J. C. Mawst, L. J. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. TI Temperature dependence of the key electro-optical characteristics for midinfrared emitting quantum cascade lasers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE current density; electro-optical effects; leakage currents; quantum cascade lasers ID PERFORMANCE AB The equations for threshold-current density J(th), differential quantum efficiency eta(d), and maximum wallplug efficiency eta(wp,max) for quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) are modified for electron leakage and backfilling. A thermal-excitation model of "hot" injected electrons from the upper laser state to upper active-region states is used to calculate leakage currents. The calculated characteristic temperature T(0) for J(th) is found to agree well with experiment for both conventional and deep-well (DW) QCLs. For conventional QCLs eta(wp,max) is found to be strongly temperature dependent; explaining experimental data. At 300 K for optimized DW-QCLs, front-facet, continuous-wave eta(wp,max) values >20% are projected. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3478836] C1 [Botez, D.; Shin, J. C.; Mawst, L. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kumar, S.] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Botez, D (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1415 Johnson Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM botez@engr.wisc.edu FU NSF [ECCS-0925104] FX This work was supported in part by NSF under Grant No. ECCS-0925104. The authors gratefully acknowledge valuable discussions with Jerome Faist. NR 14 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 7 AR 071101 DI 10.1063/1.3478836 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 641TW UT WOS:000281153600001 ER PT J AU McKinney, JD AF McKinney, Jason D. TI Background-Free Arbitrary Waveform Generation via Polarization Pulse Shaping SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Arbitrary waveform generation; microwave photonics; pulse shaping; ultra-wideband (UWB) ID SIGNALS; SHAPER AB A new technique for photonic synthesis of background-free arbitrary electrical waveforms is demonstrated. Optical intensity waveforms exhibiting complementary modulation are synthesized via polarization pulse shaping; balanced photodetection is then utilized to suppress the waveform pedestal in the electrical domain. This work demonstrates more than 25-dB suppression of unwanted low-frequency content which is within 5 dB of the limit set by the balanced photodiode. C1 USN, Res Lab, Appl Microwave Photon Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McKinney, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Appl Microwave Photon Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jdm@ccs.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 16 BP 1193 EP 1195 DI 10.1109/LPT.2010.2051538 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 671UV UT WOS:000283537800003 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JD Stahlbush, RE Ancona, MG Glembocki, OJ Hobart, KD AF Caldwell, Joshua D. Stahlbush, Robert E. Ancona, Mario G. Glembocki, Orest J. Hobart, Karl D. TI On the driving force for recombination-induced stacking fault motion in 4H-SiC SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED DISLOCATION GLIDE; PIN DIODES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LUMINESCENCE; DEFECTS; DEVICES AB The formation and expansion of recombination-induced stacking faults (SFs) within 4H-SiC bipolar and unipolar devices is known to induce a drift in the forward voltage during forward bias operation. This drift renders devices unsuitable for commercial applications. While the expansion of SFs in 4H-SiC occurs by the recombination-enhanced dislocation glide mechanism, why SF expansion occurs, i.e., the energetic driving force, remains unclear. Recent experiments have revealed that SF contraction and a recovery of the forward voltage drift can be induced under many conditions, including forward bias operation. Such observations have enabled the identification of SF-related degradation in devices where imaging methods are not possible and are inconsistent with the previously reported energetic driving force models. We present a model that qualitatively explains these recent experimental observations, which is based on the quasi-Fermi energy of the electron population during forward bias operation. Device simulation results and further experiments are also reported in support of this model. [doi:10.1063/1.3467793] C1 [Caldwell, Joshua D.; Stahlbush, Robert E.; Ancona, Mario G.; Glembocki, Orest J.; Hobart, Karl D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Caldwell, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joshua.caldwell@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 FU ONR; DARPA; ASEE FX The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to M. Skowronski and X. Zhang for many helpful discussions. Further thanks are extended to E. Imhoff and M. Tadjer for their assistance is experimental setup. This work was made possible by funding from ONR, DARPA, and ASEE, while the pin diode samples were provided by CREE, Inc. NR 36 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 4 AR 044503 DI 10.1063/1.3467793 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 650NV UT WOS:000281857100124 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL Yater, JE Shaw, JL Myers, RE Pate, BB Butler, JE Feygelson, T AF Jensen, Kevin L. Yater, Joan E. Shaw, Jonathan L. Myers, Robert E. Pate, Bradford B. Butler, James E. Feygelson, Tatyana TI Bunch characteristics of an electron beam generated by a diamond secondary emitter amplifier SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; NATURAL DIAMOND; NEEDLE CATHODES; FILMS; RADIATION; EMISSION; ENERGY AB Electron bunches for high performance free electron lasers are subject to constraints on charge per bunch and pulse shape. A Diamond secondary emitter used in conjunction with a photocathode and drive laser has potential to enable a high brightness, high peak current photoinjector by increasing the effective quantum efficiency of the photocathode. A theoretical characterization of the bunches so produced has been heretofore absent. Using a combination of Monte Carlo and analytical models, the shape of the bunches, their transit time, and emission time constants are determined and shown to be sensitive to the accelerating field in the diamond flake, incident beam profile, doping, and surface conditions. Methods to allow for extension to regimes of technological interest in terms of diamond thickness, external field, and primary pulse shape are given. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3462437] C1 [Jensen, Kevin L.; Yater, Joan E.; Shaw, Jonathan L.; Myers, Robert E.] USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Code 6840,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kevin.jensen@nrl.navy.mil RI Pate, Bradford/B-4752-2010; Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015; OI Pate, Bradford/0000-0002-3288-2947; Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680; butler, james/0000-0002-4794-7176 FU Joint Technology Office (JTO); Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX We thank the Joint Technology Office (JTO) and the Office of Naval Research (ONR) for support of this work. We thank J. Smedley (BNL) and P. O'Shea (UMD) for useful discussions. NR 73 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 4 AR 044509 DI 10.1063/1.3462437 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 650NV UT WOS:000281857100130 ER PT J AU Silber, GK Slutsky, J Bettridge, S AF Silber, Gregory K. Slutsky, Jonathan Bettridge, Shannon TI Hydrodynamics of a ship/whale collision SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrodynamics; Ship strike; Whale/vessel collisions ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; VESSEL SPEED; MORTALITY; SHIPS; RISK AB All endangered large whale species are vulnerable to collisions with large ships: and "ship strikes" are the greatest known threat to one of the world's rarest whales, the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis). The magnitude of this threat is likely to increase as maritime commerce expands. Factors influencing the incidence and severity of ship strikes are not well understood, although vessel speed appears to be a strong contributor. The purpose of this study was to characterize the hydrodynamic effects near a moving hull that may cause a whale to be drawn to or repelled from the hull, and to assess the accelerations exerted on a whale at the time of impact. Using scale models of a container ship and a right whale in experimental flow tanks, we assessed hydrodynamic effects and measured accelerations experienced by the whale model in the presence of a moving vessel. Accelerations at impact were measured while the whale was at the surface, for various vessel speeds, orientations of the whale relative to the vessel path, and distances off the direct path of the vessel. Accelerations experienced by the whale model in a collision: increased in magnitude with increasing ship speed: were not dependent on whale orientation to the vessel path: and decreased exponentially with increasing separation distances from the ship track. Subsequent experiments with the whale model submerged at one to two times the ship's draft indicated a pronounced propeller suction effect, a drawing of the whale toward the hull, and increased probability of propeller strikes resulting from this class of encounter. Measured accelerations are a proxy for impact severity, but do not constitute a detailed study of injury mechanism in a living animal, though they may help inform future work. We present a heuristic map of the hydrodynamic field around a transiting hull likely involved in close whale/vessel encounters. These results may have bearing on policy decisions, particularly those involving vessel speed, aimed at protecting large whales from ship strikes worldwide. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Silber, Gregory K.; Bettridge, Shannon] NOAA, Off Protected Resources, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Slutsky, Jonathan] USN, Dept Hydrodynam, Carderock Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Silber, GK (reprint author), NOAA, Off Protected Resources, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 EW Highway,F PR2,SSMC 3, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM greg.silber@noaa.gov; jonathan.slutsky@navy.mil; shannon.bettridge@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service's Office of Protected Resources FX We are grateful for the encouragement and expertise provided by Cybelline Aclan, Michael Benulis, David Cottingham, Tom Fetherston, Gabor Karafaith, Daniel Lyons, Dennis Mullinix, and Hung Vo. Igor Tsukrov and Regina Campbell-Malone contributed much to our thinking on this problem during various discussions. Regina Campbell-Malone, David Rothstein, Amy Scholik-Schlomer, Igor Tsukrov, Chris Uyeda, and several anonymous reviewers improved the paper by providing constructive comments on various versions. Support of the study was provided by, the National Marine Fisheries Service's Office of Protected Resources through a contract to the Naval Surface Warfare Center. [SS] NR 37 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 391 IS 1-2 BP 10 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.05.013 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 641ZT UT WOS:000281173000002 ER PT J AU Hanson, DE Roland, CM AF Hanson, David E. Roland, C. M. TI Theoretical Implications of the Elastic Modulus Discontinuity in Rubber Networks SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE elastomers; strain; stress; theory ID LINKED NATURAL-RUBBER; SMALL-STRAIN BEHAVIOR; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); COMPRESSIONS; EXTENSION; STRESS; RANGE AB The existence of a discontinuity in the modulus of rubber as the strain transitions from compression to extension is strongly suggested by multiple experiments. Classical rubber elasticity theories, however, do not admit such behavior. Here, we investigate a modification of the assumptions of classical elasticity theory to reconcile this discrepancy. We present an analysis of the consequences of assuming that chain forces are nonzero only for chain extension relative to the unstrained state, in contrast to the classical elasticity theory, which assumes that the chain force is directly proportional to the chain end-to-end distance (an entropic spring). Assuming an affine transformation of the network node coordinates, we derive two modulus discontinuity factors between compression and extension: D(1), based on the differing number of network chains being extended and D(2), based on the average differential chain extension. The discontinuities arise due to geometric effects, inherent in the affine transformation between compressive and extensive strains. We find that D(1), the ratio of the numbers of participating chains (compressive/extensive = 1.37), suffices to account for the experimentally observed modulus discontinuity in natural rubber of 1.34. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1795-1798, 2010 C1 [Hanson, David E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Roland, C. M.] USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hanson, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM deh@lanl.gov FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Office of Naval Research FX This work was performed under the auspices of Los Alamos National Laboratory, which is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396, and at the Naval Research Laboratory with support from the Office of Naval Research. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 48 IS 16 BP 1795 EP 1798 DI 10.1002/polb.22045 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 634GE UT WOS:000280567500003 ER PT J AU Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alakhverdyants, AV Alekseev, I Alford, J Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barnby, LS Baumgart, S Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Biritz, B Bland, LC Bonner, BE Bouchet, J Braidot, E Brandin, AV Bridgeman, A Bruna, E Bueltmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Catu, O Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, KE Christie, W Chung, P Clarke, RF Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Dash, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Didenko, L Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Efimov, LG Elhalhuli, E Elnimr, M Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Eun, L Evdokimov, O Fachini, P Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Fersch, RG Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Ganti, MS Garcia-Solis, EJ Geromitsos, A Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gordon, A Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gupta, N Guryn, W Haag, B Hamed, A Han, LX Harris, JW Hays-Wehle, JP Heinz, M Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffman, AM Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Huang, B Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Huo, L Igo, G Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jena, C Jin, F Jones, CL Jones, PG Joseph, J Judd, EG Kabana, S Kajimoto, K Kang, K Kapitan, J Kauder, K Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klein, SR Knospe, AG Kocoloski, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Koralt, I Koroleva, L Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Krus, M Kumar, L Kurnadi, P Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, L Li, N Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, ZM Lin, G Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Luo, X Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mall, OI Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McDonald, D McShane, TS Meschanin, A Milner, R Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mischke, A Mitrovski, MK Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, B Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nattrass, C Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Ng, MJ Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldag, EW Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Pile, P Planinic, M Ploskon, MA Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Poskanzer, AM Potukuchi, BVKS Powell, CB Prindle, D Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Redwine, R Reed, R Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Sahoo, R Sakai, S Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schuster, TR Seele, J Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shi, SS Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM De Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Tram, VN Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Leeuwen, M van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xie, W Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, W Xu, Y Xu, Z Xue, L Yang, Y Yepes, P Yip, K Yoo, IK Yue, Q Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhan, W Zhang, JB Zhang, S Zhang, WM Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, J Zhou, W Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y AF Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alakhverdyants, A. V. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Anderson, B. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Barnby, L. S. Baumgart, S. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Biritz, B. Bland, L. C. Bonner, B. E. Bouchet, J. Braidot, E. Brandin, A. V. Bridgeman, A. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Catu, O. Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, K. E. Christie, W. Chung, P. Clarke, R. F. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Dash, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Derevschikov, A. A. de Souza, R. Derradi Didenko, L. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Efimov, L. G. Elhalhuli, E. Elnimr, M. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Fachini, P. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Fersch, R. G. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Ganti, M. S. Garcia-Solis, E. J. Geromitsos, A. Geurts, F. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. N. Gordon, A. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Guertin, S. M. Gupta, A. Gupta, N. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hamed, A. Han, L-X. Harris, J. W. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heinz, M. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffman, A. M. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Huang, B. Huang, H. Z. Humanic, T. J. Huo, L. Igo, G. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jena, C. Jin, F. Jones, C. L. Jones, P. G. Joseph, J. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kajimoto, K. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kauder, K. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Klein, S. R. Knospe, A. G. Kocoloski, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Koralt, I. Koroleva, L. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Krus, M. Kumar, L. Kurnadi, P. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C-H. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, L. Li, N. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. M. Lin, G. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Luo, X. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mall, O. I. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Meschanin, A. Milner, R. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, A. Mitrovski, M. K. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, B. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nattrass, C. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Netrakanti, P. K. Ng, M. J. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okorokov, V. Oldag, E. W. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Ploskon, M. A. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Powell, C. B. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Redwine, R. Reed, R. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Sahoo, R. Sakai, S. Sakrejda, I. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Schuster, T. R. Seele, J. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. De Toledo, A. Szanto Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarini, L. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Tram, V. N. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Leeuwen, M. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xie, W. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xue, L. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yip, K. Yoo, I-K. Yue, Q. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhan, W. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, J. Zhou, W. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. CA STAR Collaboration TI Balance functions from Au+Au, d+Au, and p+p collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; AU-AU COLLISIONS; TIME PROJECTION CHAMBER; BY-EVENT FLUCTUATIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; MEAN-P(T) FLUCTUATIONS; MODEL; HADRONIZATION; SIGNATURES AB Balance functions have been measured for charged-particle pairs, identified charged-pion pairs, and identified charged-kaon pairs in Au + Au, d + Au, and p + p collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider using the STAR detector. These balance functions are presented in terms of relative pseudorapidity, Delta eta, relative rapidity, Delta y, relative azimuthal angle, Delta phi, and invariant relative momentum, q(inv). For charged-particle pairs, the width of the balance function in terms of Delta eta scales smoothly with the number of participating nucleons, while HIJING and UrQMD model calculations show no dependence on centrality or system size. For charged-particle and charged-pion pairs, the balance functions widths in terms of Delta eta and Delta y are narrower in central Au + Au collisions than in peripheral collisions. The width for central collisions is consistent with thermal blast-wave models where the balancing charges are highly correlated in coordinate space at breakup. This strong correlation might be explained by either delayed hadronization or limited diffusion during the reaction. Furthermore, the narrowing trend is consistent with the lower kinetic temperatures inherent to more central collisions. In contrast, the width of the balance function for charged-kaon pairs in terms of Delta y shows little centrality dependence, which may signal a different production mechanism for kaons. The widths of the balance functions for charged pions and kaons in terms of q(inv) narrow in central collisions compared to peripheral collisions, which may be driven by the change in the kinetic temperature. C1 [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Pruthi, N. K.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Bridgeman, A.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Barnby, L. S.; Elhalhuli, E.; Jones, P. G.; Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fachini, P.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Gordon, A.; Guryn, W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Ogawa, A.; Perevoztchikov, V.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Ng, M. J.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Das, D.; Draper, J. E.; Haag, B.; Liu, H.; Mall, O. I.; Reed, R.; Romero, J. L.; Salur, S.; Sangaline, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Biritz, B.; Cendejas, R.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Guertin, S. M.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Kurnadi, P.; Sakai, S.; Staszak, D.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Whitten, C., Jr.; Xu, W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [de Souza, R. Derradi; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Betts, R. R.; Evdokimov, O.; Garcia-Solis, E. J.; Hofman, D. J.; Kauder, K.; Suarez, M. C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Anderson, B. D.; Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; McShane, T. S.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Krus, M.; Pachr, M.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, CZ-115 Prague 19, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Chung, P.; Kapitan, J.; Kouchpil, V.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.] Nucl Phys Inst CR, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. [Kollegger, T.; Mitrovski, M. K.; Schuster, T. R.; Stock, R.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany. [Dash, S.; Jena, C.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Phatak, S. C.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Selyuzhenkov, I.; Sowinski, J.; Stevens, J. R.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Koroleva, L.; Morozov, B.; Svirida, D. N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Bhasin, A.; Dogra, S. M.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, N.; Mangotra, L. K.; Potukuchi, B. V. K. S.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Alakhverdyants, A. V.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneev, R.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Alford, J.; Anderson, B. D.; Bouchet, J.; Joseph, J.; Keane, D.; Kumar, L.; Margetis, S.; Pandit, Y.; Subba, N. L.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.; Zhang, W. M.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Fatemi, R.; Fersch, R. G.; Korsch, W.; Webb, G.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Yang, Y.; Zhan, W.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Ahammed, Z.; Dong, X.; Grebenyuk, O.; Hjort, E.; Jacobs, P.; Kikola, D. P.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S. R.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Odyniec, G.; Olson, D.; Ploskon, M. A.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Powell, C. B.; Ritter, H. G.; Rose, A.; Sakrejda, I.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X. M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Thomas, J. H.; Tram, V. N.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balewski, J.; Betancourt, M. J.; Corliss, R.; Hays-Wehle, J. P.; Hoffman, A. M.; Jones, C. L.; Kocoloski, A.; Leight, W.; Milner, R.; Redwine, R.; Sakuma, T.; Seele, J.; Surrow, B.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Walker, M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.; Simon, F.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Tarnowsky, T.; Wang, H.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.; Timoshenko, S.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Lindenbaum, S. J.] CUNY, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; van Leeuwen, M.] Univ Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; van Leeuwen, M.] NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Chajecki, Z.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bueltmann, S.; Koralt, I.; Plyku, D.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Eun, L.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Matulenko, Yu. A.; Meschanin, A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Hirsch, A.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Skoby, M. J.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Ulery, J.; Wang, F.; Wang, Q.; Xie, W.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Choi, K. E.; Lee, C-H.; Yoo, I-K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Bonner, B. E.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Liu, J.; Llope, W. J.; McDonald, D.; Roberts, J. B.; Yepes, P.; Zhou, J.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Munhoz, M. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; De Toledo, A. Szanto] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, H. F.; Huang, B.; Li, C.; Lu, Y.; Luo, X.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Anhua 230026, Peoples R China. [Li, X.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhou, W.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Cai, X. Z.; Chen, J. H.; Han, L-X.; Jin, F.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Tian, J.; Xue, L.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Y. H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Erazmus, B.; Estienne, M.; Geromitsos, A.; Kabana, S.; Roy, C.; Sahoo, R.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Cervantes, M. C.; Clarke, R. F.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Djawotho, P.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Huo, L.; Mioduszewski, S.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Cheng, J.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Yue, Q.; Zhu, X.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Witt, R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Manweiler, R.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Chattopadhyay, S.; Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta; Ganti, M. S.; Ghosh, P.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Singaraju, R. N.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Variable Energy Cyclotron Ctr, Kolkata 700064, India. [Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zawisza, M.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.; Kettler, D.; Prindle, D.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Chen, J. Y.; Li, N.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Shi, S. S.; Wu, Y. F.; Zhang, J. B.] CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Baumgart, S.; Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Catu, O.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Knospe, A. G.; Lin, G.; Majka, R.; Nattrass, C.; Putschke, J.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Aggarwal, MM (reprint author), Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. RI Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Yang, Yanyun/B-9485-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Yoo, In-Kwon/J-6222-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Xue, Liang/F-8077-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Pandit, Yadav/I-2170-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Xu, Wenqin/H-7553-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Nattrass, Christine/J-6752-2016; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016 OI Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Mohanty, Bedangadas/0000-0001-9610-2914; Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Yang, Yanyun/0000-0002-5982-1706; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Xue, Liang/0000-0002-2321-9019; Pandit, Yadav/0000-0003-2809-7943; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Xu, Wenqin/0000-0002-5976-4991; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Nattrass, Christine/0000-0002-8768-6468; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; FU RHIC Operations Group; RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; Open Science Grid; Office of NP, US Department of Energy Office of Science; Office of HEP, US Department of Energy Office of Science; US NSF; Sloan Foundation; DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe" of Germany; CNRS/IN2P3 of the United Kingdom; STFC of the United Kingdom; EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC of China; CAS of China; MoST of China; MoE of China; GA of the Czech Republic; MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM of the Netherlands; NWO of the Netherlands; DAE of India; DST of India; CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Korea Research Foundation; Ministry of Science, Education, and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; Russian Ministry of Science and Technology; RosAtom of Russia FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the US Department of Energy Office of Science, the US NSF, the Sloan Foundation; the DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe" of Germany; CNRS/IN2P3, STFC, and EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM and NWO of the Netherlands; DAE, DST, and CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Korea Research Foundation; Ministry of Science, Education, and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; and the Russian Ministry of Science and Technology and RosAtom of Russia. NR 52 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG 11 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 2 AR 024905 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.82.024905 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 637KZ UT WOS:000280817700002 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Pereira, NR Weber, BV Schumer, JW Apruzese, JP Hudson, LT Szabo, CI Boyer, CN Skirlo, S AF Seely, John F. Pereira, Nino R. Weber, Bruce V. Schumer, Joseph W. Apruzese, John P. Hudson, Lawrence T. Szabo, Csilla I. Boyer, Craig N. Skirlo, Scott TI Spatial resolution of a hard x-ray CCD detector SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID POWER AB The spatial resolution of an x-ray CCD detector was determined from the widths of the tungsten x-ray lines in the spectrum formed by a crystal spectrometer in the 58 to 70 keV energy range. The detector had 20 mu m pixel, 1700 by 1200 pixel format, and a CsI x-ray conversion scintillator. The spectral lines from a megavolt x-ray generator were focused on the spectrometer's Rowland circle by a curved transmission crystal. The line shapes were Lorentzian with an average width after removal of the natural and instrumental line widths of 95 mu m (4.75 pixels). A high spatial frequency background, primarily resulting from scattered gamma rays, was removed from the spectral image by Fourier analysis. The spectral lines, having low spatial frequency in the direction perpendicular to the dispersion, were enhanced by partially removing the Lorentzian line shape and by fitting Lorentzian curves to broad unresolved spectral features. This demonstrates the ability to improve the spectral resolution of hard x-ray spectra that are recorded by a CCD detector with well-characterized intrinsic spatial resolution. C1 [Seely, John F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pereira, Nino R.] Ecopulse Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. [Weber, Bruce V.; Schumer, Joseph W.; Apruzese, John P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hudson, Lawrence T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Szabo, Csilla I.] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Boyer, Craig N.] L3 Commun, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Skirlo, Scott] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency; Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX The mention of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government or that the mentioned commercial products are the best for the application. This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (C-WMD Basic Research Program) and by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 10 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 23 BP 4372 EP 4378 DI 10.1364/AO.49.004372 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 636OP UT WOS:000280747700007 PM 20697439 ER PT J AU Nguyen, AN Nittler, LR Stadermann, FJ Stroud, RM Alexander, CMO AF Nguyen, Ann N. Nittler, Larry R. Stadermann, Frank J. Stroud, Rhonda M. Alexander, Conel M. O'D. TI COORDINATED ANALYSES OF PRESOLAR GRAINS IN THE ALLAN HILLS 77307 AND QUEEN ELIZABETH RANGE 99177 METEORITES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; dust, extinction; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; stars: AGB and post-AGB; stars: winds, outflows; supernovae: general ID ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; SILICON-CARBIDE GRAINS; TITANIUM ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; GALACTIC CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; CIRCUMSTELLAR GRAPHITE GRAINS; INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; SIC GRAINS; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; MURCHISON METEORITE; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM AB We report the identification of presolar silicates (similar to 177 ppm), presolar oxides (similar to 11 ppm), and one presolar SiO(2) grain in the Allan Hills (ALHA) 77307 chondrite. Three grains having Si-isotopic compositions similar to SiC X and Z grains were also identified, though the mineral phases are unconfirmed. Similar abundances of presolar silicates (similar to 152 ppm) and oxides (similar to 8 ppm) were also uncovered in the primitive CR chondrite Queen Elizabeth Range (QUE) 99177, along with 13 presolar SiC grains and one presolar silicon nitride. The O-isotopic compositions of the presolar silicates and oxides indicate that most of the grains condensed in low-mass red giant and asymptotic giant branch stars. Interestingly, unlike presolar oxides, few presolar silicate grains have isotopic compositions pointing to low-metallicity, low-mass stars (Group 3). The (18)O-rich (Group 4) silicates, along with the few Group 3 silicates that were identified, likely have origins in supernova outflows. This is supported by their O- and Si-isotopic compositions. Elemental compositions for 74 presolar silicate grains were determined by scanning Auger spectroscopy. Most of the grains have non-stoichiometric elemental compositions inconsistent with pyroxene or olivine, the phases commonly used to fit astronomical spectra, and have comparable Mg and Fe contents. Non-equilibrium condensation and/or secondary alteration could produce the high Fe contents. Transmission electron microscopic analysis of three silicate grains also reveals non-stoichiometric compositions, attributable to non-equilibrium or multistep condensation, and very fine scale elemental heterogeneity, possibly due to subsequent annealing. The mineralogies of presolar silicates identified in meteorites thus far seem to differ from those in interplanetary dust particles. C1 [Stadermann, Frank J.] Washington Univ, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Stadermann, Frank J.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Stroud, Rhonda M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nguyen, Ann N.; Nittler, Larry R.; Alexander, Conel M. O'D.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Nguyen, AN (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci Directorate, Robert M Walker Lab Space Sci, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM lan-anh.n.nguyen@nasa.gov RI Alexander, Conel/N-7533-2013; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Alexander, Conel/0000-0002-8558-1427; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 FU NASA [NNG04GF61G, NNX07AJ71G, NNX08AI13G, NNX07AI82G, NNH09AL20I, NNH07AG02I]; Office of Naval Research; Carnegie Institution of Washington FX The work of L.R.N. was supported by NASA grants NNG04GF61G and NNX07AJ71G. The work of F.J.S. was possible through NASA grants NNX08AI13G and NNX07AI82G. R. M. S. acknowledges the NASA Cosmochemistry and LARS programs (grants NNH09AL20I and NNH07AG02I), as well as the Office of Naval Research. A.N. acknowledges support from the Carnegie Institution of Washington. We are grateful to Scott Messenger for a helpful and positive review. NR 131 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2010 VL 719 IS 1 BP 166 EP 189 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/719/1/166 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 635KD UT WOS:000280653100015 ER PT J AU Torres, DF Zhang, S Li, JA Rea, N Caliandro, GA Hadasch, D Chen, YP Wang, JM Ray, PS AF Torres, Diego F. Zhang, Shu Li, Jian Rea, Nanda Andrea Caliandro, G. Hadasch, Daniela Chen, Yupeng Wang, Jianmin Ray, Paul S. TI VARIABILITY IN THE ORBITAL PROFILES OF THE X-RAY EMISSION OF THE gamma-RAY BINARY LS I+61 degrees 303 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE X-rays: binaries; X-rays: individual (LS 61 degrees 303) ID CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; LEPTONIC MODEL; RADIO; LSI+61-DEGREES-303; SPECTRUM; LS-I-+61-303; PECULIAR; LS-5039 AB We report on the analysis of Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer Proportional Counter Array (PCA) monitoring observations of the gamma-ray binary system LS I + 61 degrees 303, covering 35 full cycles of its orbital motion. This constitutes the largest continuous X-ray-monitoring data set analyzed to date for this source. Such an extended analysis allows us to report (1) the discovery of variability in the orbital profiles of the X-ray emission, (2) the existence of a few (recent) short flares on top of the overall behavior typical of the source, which, given the PCA field of view, may or may not be associated with LS I + 61. 303, and (3) the determination of the orbital periodicity using soft X-ray data alone. C1 [Torres, Diego F.; Rea, Nanda; Andrea Caliandro, G.; Hadasch, Daniela] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai, IEEC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Torres, Diego F.] ICREA, Barcelona 08010, Spain. [Zhang, Shu; Li, Jian; Chen, Yupeng; Wang, Jianmin] Inst High Energy Phys, Lab Particle Astrophys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jianmin] CAS, TPCSF, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Ray, Paul S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Torres, DF (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai, IEEC, Campus UAB,Torre C5,2A Planta, Barcelona 08193, Spain. EM dtorres@ieec.uab.es RI Rea, Nanda/I-2853-2015; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016 OI Rea, Nanda/0000-0003-2177-6388; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [KJCX2-YW-T03]; 973 program [2009CB824800]; NASA [NNG08E1671]; Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC-10325313, 10521001, 10733010]; Ramon y Cajal Fellowship; [AYA2009-07391]; [SGR2009-811] FX This work has been supported by grants AYA2009-07391 and SGR2009-811 and was further subsidized by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the CAS key Project KJCX2-YW-T03, and 973 program 2009CB824800. This work was also partially supported by NASA DPR No. NNG08E1671. J.-M.W. thanks the Natural Science Foundation of China for support via NSFC-10325313, 10521001, and 10733010. N. R. is supported by a Ramon y Cajal Fellowship. NR 47 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 10 PY 2010 VL 719 IS 1 BP L104 EP L108 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/719/1/L104 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 637YB UT WOS:000280853500023 ER PT J AU Kendall, E Marshall, R Parris, RT Bhatt, A Coster, A Pedersen, T Bernhardt, P Selcher, C AF Kendall, Elizabeth Marshall, Robert Parris, Richard Todd Bhatt, Asti Coster, Anthea Pedersen, Todd Bernhardt, Paul Selcher, Craig TI Decameter structure in heater-induced airglow at the High frequency Active Auroral Research Program facility SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IONOSPHERIC MODIFICATION EXPERIMENTS; ARTIFICIAL OPTICAL-EMISSIONS; PUMP-ENHANCED AIRGLOW; POWER RADIO-WAVES; SPORADIC-E; ARECIBO; DENSITY; PLASMA; HAARP; EXCITATION AB On 28 October 2008, small-scale rayed artificial airglow was observed at the High frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) heating facility by the HAARP telescopic imager. This airglow occurred during an experiment at twilight from 02551600 UT (1855-2000 LT) and with estimated scale sizes of 100 m (at assumed 225 km altitude) constitutes the smallest structure observed in artificial airglow to date. The rays appeared to be oriented along the geomagnetic field lines. During this period, other instruments, SuperDARN, GPS receivers, stimulated electromagnetic emissions receivers, also recorded unusual data sets with the general characteristic of time scales longer than anticipated for features to form. The experiment took place at the commencement of a small geomagnetic disturbance (Kp of 4.3). This unique observation is as yet unexplained. The airglow features start as large scale structures and then become smaller as heating continues in apparent contradiction to current theories on irregularity development. A thermal gradient instability at boundary of the ionospheric footprint of the plasmapause may be responsible for causing the small-scale structuring. Observations of 427.8 nm N-2(+) (first negative group) emissions indicate the presence of ionization. C1 [Kendall, Elizabeth] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bhatt, Asti; Coster, Anthea] MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. [Bernhardt, Paul; Selcher, Craig] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Marshall, Robert] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Parris, Richard Todd] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Pedersen, Todd] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Kendall, E (reprint author), SRI Int, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM elizabeth.kendall@sri.com RI Marshall, Robert/D-4202-2015; Marshall, Robert/N-1396-2016; OI Marshall, Robert/0000-0003-0974-1609; Bhatt, Asti/0000-0002-8881-5348; Pedersen, Todd/0000-0002-6940-0112 FU High frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP); United States Air Force and Navy; Office of Naval Research [N00014-05-C-0369] FX Data for the basis of this paper were acquired through support from the High frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP), jointly managed by the United States Air Force and Navy. E. Kendall's efforts were supported through funding by the Office of Naval Research grant N00014-05-C-0369. The HAARP research at the Naval Research Laboratory was funded by the Office of Naval Research. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 10 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A08306 DI 10.1029/2009JA015043 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 639FT UT WOS:000280958700004 ER PT J AU Amin, A Okawara, C Cross, L AF Amin, Ahmed Okawara, Chiaki Cross, Leslie TI Stability of domain engineered lead zinc niobate-lead titanate single crystals for 32-mode sound projectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE domains; ferroelasticity; lead compounds ID PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; PZN-PT; POLARIZATION ROTATION; TRANSITIONS; PHASE; BEHAVIOR AB We investigated the stability of length extensional, transversely poled and driven (32-mode) single crystals fabricated from a morphotropic lead zinc niobate-lead titanate composition under mechanical compression and electric field. A surface that defines the thermal, mechanical, and electrical variables required for stable 32-mode operation is developed. The results are compared to 31-mode. Ferroelastoelectric state shifts in domain engineered single crystals are briefly discussed. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3476345] C1 [Amin, Ahmed] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Okawara, Chiaki] Japan Minist Def, Tech Res & Dev Inst, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628830, Japan. [Cross, Leslie] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. RP Amin, A (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM ahmed.amin@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [141WX20476] FX We thank the Office of Naval Research for financial support (Grant No. 141WX20476). Chiaki Okawara wishes to thank Engineers and Scientists Exchange Program (ESEP) between Japan Ministry of Defense and Department of Defense (DoD). NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 9 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 6 AR 062903 DI 10.1063/1.3476345 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 638ZP UT WOS:000280940900055 ER PT J AU Bucholtz, A Hlavka, DL McGill, MJ Schmidt, KS Pilewskie, P Davis, SM Reid, EA Walker, AL AF Bucholtz, Anthony Hlavka, Dennis L. McGill, Matthew J. Schmidt, K. Sebastian Pilewskie, Peter Davis, Sean M. Reid, Elizabeth A. Walker, Annette L. TI Directly measured heating rates of a tropical subvisible cirrus cloud SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; ACCURATE PARAMETERIZATION; LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; CLIMATE MODELS; TROPOPAUSE; THIN; IMPACT; STRATOSPHERE; TROPOSPHERE; AEROSOL AB We present the first direct measurements of the infrared and solar heating rates of a tropical subvisible cirrus (SVC) cloud sampled off the east coast of Nicaragua on 25 July 2007 by the NASA ER-2 aircraft during the Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling Experiment (TC4). On this day a persistent thin cirrus layer, with mostly clear skies underneath, was detected in real time by the cloud lidar on the ER-2, and the aircraft was directed to profile down through the SVC. Measurements of the net broadband infrared irradiance and spectrally integrated solar irradiance above, below, and through the SVC are used to determine the infrared and solar heating rates of the cloud. The lidar measurements show that the variable SVC layer was located between similar to 13 and 15 km. Its midvisible optical depth varied from 0.01 to 0.10 with a mean of 0.034 +/- 0.033. Its depolarization ratio was approximately 0.4, indicative of ice clouds. From the divergence of the measured net irradiances the infrared heating rate of the SVC was determined to be similar to 2.50-3.24 K d(-1) and the solar heating rate was found to be negligible. These values are consistent with previous indirect observations of other SVC and with model-generated heating rates of SVC with similar optical depths. This study illustrates the utility and potential of the profiling sampling strategy employed here. A more fully instrumented high-altitude aircraft that also included in situ cloud and aerosol probes would provide a comprehensive data set for characterizing both the radiative and microphysical properties of these ubiquitous tropical clouds. C1 [Bucholtz, Anthony; Reid, Elizabeth A.; Walker, Annette L.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [McGill, Matthew J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hlavka, Dennis L.] Sci Syst & Applicat, Lanham, MD USA. [Schmidt, K. Sebastian; Pilewskie, Peter] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Davis, Sean M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bucholtz, A (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM anthony.bucholtz@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; McGill, Matthew/D-8176-2012; SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/C-1258-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158; SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/0000-0003-3899-228X; Hlavka, Dennis/0000-0002-2976-7243 FU NASA [NNH07A-F56I] FX We are grateful to Warren Gore and Tony Trias from NASA Ames Research Center for their engineering and technical support during TC4, especially with the integration of the BBIR instruments into the SSFR data acquisition system on the ER-2 aircraft. This work was supported by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program under grant NNH07A-F56I (TC4). NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 5 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D00J09 DI 10.1029/2009JD013128 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636GB UT WOS:000280718400004 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL O'Shea, PG Feldman, DW AF Jensen, Kevin L. O'Shea, P. G. Feldman, D. W. TI Emittance of a photocathode: Effects of temperature and field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION; SEMICONDUCTORS; CATHODES; GROWTH AB The emittance of a photocathode is evaluated using a distribution function ("Moments") approach to calculate the moments of the momentum. The effects of temperature and field, which affect the electron distribution and transmission probability, respectively, of electrons incident on the surface barrier, are found. The resulting formulations of emittance are compared to the asymptotic limit found by D. H. Dowell and J.F. Schmerge [Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 12, 074201 (2009)], and their formulation is shown to be more generally applicable than the approximations within it would indicate for metals. The methodology is extended to develop an asymptotic emittance estimate for semiconductor photocathodes. C1 [Jensen, Kevin L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [O'Shea, P. G.; Feldman, D. W.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 FU Joint Technology Office; Office of Naval Research FX We thank the Joint Technology Office and the Office of Naval Research for supporting this work. We are especially grateful to D. Dowell and J. Schmerge for bringing to our attention the necessity of including the photon energy in the evaluation of < kperpendicular to2>, and to D. Dowell in particular for many profitable discussions thereafter. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD AUG 5 PY 2010 VL 13 IS 8 AR 080704 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.13.080704 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 634VB UT WOS:000280612600002 ER PT J AU Nyadjro, ES Subrahmanyam, B Murty, VSN Shriver, JF AF Nyadjro, Ebenezer S. Subrahmanyam, Bulusu Murty, V. S. N. Shriver, Jay F. TI Salt transport in the near-surface layer in the monsoon-influenced Indian Ocean using HYCOM SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MIXED-LAYER; SALINITY; SEA AB Salt advection in the top 5 m layer of the monsoon-influenced Indian Ocean has been studied with high resolution HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) simulated sea surface salinity (SSS) during 2003-06. The effect of monsoon reversals and roles of Ekman drift and geostrophic currents are emphasized. The Ekman drift component is found to be more important than the geostrophic component in exchange of salt in the basins; an indication of the influence of winds and the associated surface currents. The strongest differences in the salt advection terms occurred in the Bay of Bengal (BoB), an indication of the significant role of advection for the distribution of freshwater and the Ekman processes. The Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is seen to influence advection patterns via Ekman drift along the equatorial region. This results in the creation of two salt advection bands whose positions vary seasonally. This study will help to interpret data from the recently launched Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and future Aquarius salinity missions for the Indian Ocean. Citation: Nyadjro, E. S., B. Subrahmanyam, V. S. N. Murty, and J. F. Shriver (2010), Salt transport in the near-surface layer in the monsoon-influenced Indian Ocean using HYCOM, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L15603, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044127. C1 [Nyadjro, Ebenezer S.; Subrahmanyam, Bulusu] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Murty, V. S. N.] Oceanog Reg Ctr, Natl Inst, Visakhapatnam 530017, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Shriver, Jay F.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Subrahmanyam, Bulusu] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Nyadjro, ES (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, EWS 603,712 Main St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM sbulusu@geol.sc.edu FU NASA [NNX08AO33G]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [601153N] FX This work was supported in part by the NASA project NNX08AO33G awarded to BS. JS was supported by the 6.1 project "Global and Remote Littoral Forcing in Global Ocean Models" sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under program element 601153N. The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for all their helpful comments and suggestions. This has the NIO contribution number 4794. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L15603 DI 10.1029/2010GL044127 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 636FV UT WOS:000280717800002 ER PT J AU Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ Johannes, MD AF Papaconstantopoulos, D. A. Mehl, M. J. Johannes, M. D. TI Tight-binding Hamiltonian for LaOFeAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB First-principles electronic-structure calculations have been very useful in understanding some of the properties of the new iron-based superconductors. Further explorations of the role of the individual atomic orbitals in explaining various aspects of research in these materials, including experimental work, would benefit from the availability of a tight-binding (TB) Hamiltonian that accurately reproduces the first-principles band-structure results. In this work we have used the Naval Research Laboratory-TB method to construct a TB Hamiltonian from linearized augmented plane wave (LAPW) results. Our TB model includes the Fe d orbitals and the p orbitals from both As and O for the prototype material LaOFeAs. The resulting TB band structure agrees well with that of the LAPW calculations from 2.7 eV below to 0.8 eV above the Fermi level, epsilon(F), and the Fermi surface matches perfectly to that of the LAPW. The TB densities of states (DOSs) are also in very good agreement with those from the LAPW in the above energy range, including the per orbital decomposition. We use our results to provide insights on the existence of a pseudogap in the DOS just above the Fermi level. We have also performed a separate TB fit to a database of LAPW results as a function of volume and with variations in the As positions. This fit although less accurate regarding the band structure near epsilon(F), reproduces the LAPW total energies very well and has transferability to nonfitted energies. C1 [Papaconstantopoulos, D. A.] George Mason Univ, Dept Computat & Data Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Mehl, M. J.; Johannes, M. D.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Papaconstantopoulos, DA (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Computat & Data Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 FU ONR [N000140911025]; Office of Naval Research FX We thank Igor Mazin for useful discussion. The work at GMU is supported by ONR under Grant No. N000140911025 and the work at NRL is supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 4 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 5 AR 054503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.054503 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 634JB UT WOS:000280575800003 ER PT J AU Feng, SM AF Feng, Simin TI Graphical retrieval method for orthorhombic anisotropic materials SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE-INDEX; METAMATERIALS; REFRACTION AB We apply the equivalent theory to orthorhombic anisotropic materials and provide a general unit-cell design criterion for achieving a length-independent retrieval of the effective material parameters from a single layer of unit cells. We introduce a graphical retrieval method and phase unwrapping techniques. The graphical method utilizes the linear regression technique. Our method can reduce the uncertainty of experimental measurements and the ambiguity of phase unwrapping. Moreover, the graphical method can simultaneously determine the bulk values of the six effective material parameters, permittivity and permeability tensors, from a single layer of unit cells. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Intelligence Dept, Phys Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Feng, SM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Intelligence Dept, Phys Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM simin.feng@navy.mil FU NAVAIR; Office of Naval Research FX The author thanks NAVAIR's ILIR program and the program managers Mark Spector and Steven Russell in Office of Naval Research for funding of this work. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 2 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 16 BP 17009 EP 17019 DI 10.1364/OE.18.017009 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 640IB UT WOS:000281042400075 PM 20721089 ER PT J AU Jung, Y Mastro, MA Hite, J Eddy, CR Kim, J AF Jung, Younghun Mastro, Michael A. Hite, Jennifer Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Kim, Jihyun TI Post-annealing behavior of Ni/Au Schottky contact on non-polar a-plane GaN SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Non-polar GaN; Schottky barrier height; Annealing ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; P-TYPE GAN; ALGAN/GAN AB The effects of annealing on the performance of Schottky devices on a-plane GaN/r-plane sapphire were investigated. The results show that the post-anneal Schottky barrier height (SBH) increased with increasing annealing temperature, reaching a peak increase of 43% at 500 degrees C. A further increase in the anneal temperature above 500 degrees C degraded the SBH. The ideality factor displayed a weak dependence on post-annealing temperature until rising dramatically at a post-annealing temperature of 600 degrees C. The degradation at 600 degrees C post-annealing temperature can be attributed to the formation of Nickel-Gallides. In-situ current-voltage characteristics obtained between 15 degrees C and 165 degrees C revealed that both the ideality factor and SBH were stable up to 165 degrees C with increasing in-situ measurement temperature. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jung, Younghun; Kim, Jihyun] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Mastro, Michael A.; Hite, Jennifer; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. EM hyunhyun7@korea.ac.kr RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013; Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU Office of Naval Research; Carbon Dioxide Reduction and Sequestration Center; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korea FX Research at the Naval Research Lab is supported by the Office of Naval Research. Research at Korea University was supported by the Carbon Dioxide Reduction and Sequestration Center, one of the 21st Century Frontier R&D Programs funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korea. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD AUG 2 PY 2010 VL 518 IS 20 BP 5810 EP 5812 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.05.113 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 633XU UT WOS:000280541400038 ER PT J AU Tanabe, P Reddin, C Thornton, VL Todd, KH Wun, T Lyons, JS AF Tanabe, Paula Reddin, Christopher Thornton, Victoria L. Todd, Knox H. Wun, Ted Lyons, John S. TI Emergency Department Throughput, Crowding, and Financial Outcomes for Hospitals SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT 05-06, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys DE crowding; financial management; hospitals; outcome and process assessment (health care) ID SICKLE-CELL-DISEASE; CLINICAL DECISION RULES; ACUTE ANKLE INJURIES; ACUTE KNEE INJURIES; PROSPECTIVE VALIDATION; SUPPORT-SYSTEMS; RADIOGRAPHY; PAIN; MORTALITY; HEALTH AB P>Emergency department (ED) crowding has been identified as a major public health problem in the United States by the Institute of Medicine. ED crowding not only is associated with poorer patient outcomes, but it also contributes to lost demand for ED services when patients leave without being seen and hospitals must go on ambulance diversion. However, somewhat paradoxically, ED crowding may financially benefit hospitals. This is because ED crowding allows hospitals to maximize occupancy with well-insured, elective patients while patients wait in the ED. In this article, the authors propose a more holistic model of hospital flow and revenue that contradicts this notion and offer suggestions for improvements in ED and hospital management that may not only reduce crowding and improve quality, but also increase hospital revenues. Also proposed is that increased efficiency and quality in U.S. hospitals will require changes in systematic microeconomic and macroeconomic incentives that drive the delivery of health services in the United States. Finally, the authors address several questions to propose mutually beneficial solutions to ED crowding that include the realignment of hospital incentives, changing culture to promote flow, and several ED-based strategies to improve ED efficiency. C1 [Tanabe, Paula] Northwestern Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Tanabe, Paula] Northwestern Univ, Inst Hlth Care Studies, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Reddin, Christopher] USN, Nurse Corps, Chicago, IL USA. [Reddin, Christopher] Rush Univ, Coll Nursing, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Thornton, Victoria L.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Todd, Knox H.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, New York, NY USA. [Todd, Knox H.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Pain & Emergency Med Inst, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Wun, Ted] Univ Calif Davis, Clin & Translat Sci Ctr, Clin Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Wun, Ted] VA No CA Hlth Care Syst, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Tanabe, P (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM Ptanabe2@nmff.org FU NINR NIH HHS [K23 NR010940, K23 NR010940-03] NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 17 IS 8 BP 848 EP 858 DI 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2010.00779.x PG 11 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 632SX UT WOS:000280449500009 PM 20670322 ER PT J AU Cronin, WA Morgan, JA Weeks, WB AF Cronin, William A. Morgan, Jessica A. Weeks, William B. TI The Cost of Pursuing a Medical Career in the Military: A Tale of Five Specialties SO ACADEMIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICIAN WORKFORCE; STATES AB Purpose The physician payment system is a focus of potential reform in the United States. The authors explored the effects of the military's method of physician payment on physicians' returns on educational investment for several specialties. Method This retrospective, observational study used national data from 2003 and standard financial techniques to calculate the net present value-the current value of an expected stream of cash flows at a particular rate of interest-of the educational investments of medical students in ten 30-year career paths: either military or civilian careers in internal medicine, psychiatry, gastroenterology, general surgery, or orthopedics. Results At a 5% discount rate, in the civilian world, the lowest return on an educational investment accrued to psychiatrists ($1.136 million) and the highest to orthopedists ($2.489 million), a range of $1.354 million. In the military, the lowest returns accrued to internists ($1.377 million) and the highest to orthopedists ($1.604 million); however, the range was only $0.227 million, one-sixth that found in the civilian sector. The authors also found that most military physicians do not remain in the military for their full careers. Conclusions Choosing a military career substantially decreases the net present value of an educational investment for interventionalists, but it does so only modestly for primary care physicians. Further, a military career path markedly diminishes specialty-specific variation in the net present values of educational investment. Adopting a military structure for engaging medical students might help reverse the current trend of declining interest in primary care. C1 [Morgan, Jessica A.] Dartmouth Med Sch, MD MBA Program, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Cronin, William A.; Morgan, Jessica A.] Tuck Sch Business, Hanover, NH USA. [Cronin, William A.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Weeks, William B.] Dartmouth Inst Hlth Policy & Clin Practice, Lebanon, NH USA. RP Morgan, JA (reprint author), Dartmouth Med Sch, MD MBA Program, 466 Kellogg Bldg, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Jessica.a.morgan@dartmouth.edu RI Weeks, William/G-7436-2014 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1040-2446 J9 ACAD MED JI Acad. Med. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1316 EP 1320 DI 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181e5d6b8 PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 632UD UT WOS:000280453500014 PM 20671458 ER PT J AU Sassin, MB Mansour, AN Pettigrew, KA Rolison, DR Long, JW AF Sassin, Megan B. Mansour, Azzam N. Pettigrew, Katherine A. Rolison, Debra R. Long, Jeffrey W. TI Electroless Deposition of Conformal Nanoscale Iron Oxide on Carbon Nanoarchitectures for Electrochemical Charge Storage SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE iron oxide; electrochemical capacitor; battery; charge storage; pseudocapacitance; aerogel ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ION BATTERIES; ENERGY-STORAGE; THIN-FILM; PERFORMANCE; CAPACITORS; CATHODE; SUPERCAPACITORS; MNO2 AB We describe a simple self-limiting electroless deposition process whereby conformal, nanoscale iron oxide (FeO(x)) coatings are generated at the interior and exterior surfaces of macroscopically thick (similar to 90 mu m) carbon nanofoam paper substrates via redox reaction with aqueous K(2)FeO(4). The resulting FeO(x)-carbon nanofoams are characterized as device-ready electrode structures for aqueous electrochemical capacitors and they demonstrate a 3-to-7 fold increase in charge-storage capacity relative to the native carbon nanofoam when cycled in a mild aqueous electrolyte (2.5 M Li(2)SO(4)), yielding mass-, volume-, and footprint-normalized capacitances of 84 F g(-1), 121 F cm(-3), and 0.85 F cm(-2), respectively, even at modest FeO(x) loadings (27 wt %). The additional charge-storage capacity arises from faradaic pseudocapacitance of the FeO(x) coating, delivering specific capacitance >300 F g(-1) normalized to the content of FeO(x) as FeOOH, as verified by electrochemical measurements and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The additional capacitance is electrochemically addressable within tens of seconds, a time scale of relevance for high-rate electrochemical charge storage. We also demonstrate that the addition of borate to buffer the Li(2)SO(4) electrolyte effectively suppresses the electrochemical dissolution of the FeO(x) coating, resulting in <20% capacitance fade over 1000 consecutive cycles. C1 [Sassin, Megan B.; Rolison, Debra R.; Long, Jeffrey W.] USN, Code 6170, Surface Chem Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mansour, Azzam N.] USN, Syst & Mat Power & Protect Branch, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Pettigrew, Katherine A.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Long, JW (reprint author), USN, Code 6170, Surface Chem Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.long@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Financial support was provided by the Office of Naval Research. M.B.S. acknowledges the National Research Council for a postdoctoral fellowship (2009-2011). The XAS experiments were conducted at the National Synchrotron Light Source of Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 44 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 11 U2 140 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD AUG PY 2010 VL 4 IS 8 BP 4505 EP 4514 DI 10.1021/nn100572a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 640LM UT WOS:000281052700022 PM 20731433 ER PT J AU Fader, AN Alward, EK Niederhauser, A Chirico, C Lesnock, JL Zwiesler, DJ Guido, RS Lofgren, DJ Gold, MA Moore, KN AF Fader, Amanda N. Alward, Erin K. Niederhauser, Amy Chirico, Christina Lesnock, Jamie L. Zwiesler, Daniel J. Guido, Richard S. Lofgren, Darla J. Gold, Michael A. Moore, Kathleen N. TI Cervical dysplasia in pregnancy: a multi-institutional evaluation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Biennial Meeting of the American-Society-for-Colposcopy-and-Cervical-Pathology CY MAR 16-22, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Soc Colposcopy & Cervical Pathol DE cervical dysplasia; colposcopy; HSIL; pregnancy ID INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; MANAGEMENT AB OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to identify the prognostic indicators associated with postpartum regression of cervical dysplasia diagnosed in pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study of pregnant women referred for colposcopy from 2004-2007 at four academic centers. RESULTS: One thousand seventy-nine patients were identified. Colposcopic impression by cervical cytology is detailed later in the text. Of patients who underwent biopsy, results correlated with or were less severe than colposcopic impression in 83% with CIN 1 and 56% with CIN 2/3. Fifty-seven percent had follow-up postpartum, with 61% reverting normal. Resolution of cervical dysplasia was inversely associated with smoking (P = .002). No progression to cancer occurred during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Colposcopic impression in pregnancy correlated with cervical biopsy results and postpartum colposcopic findings when performed by expert colposcopists. A high proportion of cervical dysplasia regressed postpartum. Cervical biopsies in pregnancy may not be necessary unless invasive cancer is suspected. C1 [Fader, Amanda N.] Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Greater Baltimore Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Baltimore, MD 21204 USA. [Lesnock, Jamie L.; Guido, Richard S.] Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Magee Womens Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Alward, Erin K.; Moore, Kathleen N.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Niederhauser, Amy; Chirico, Christina] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Zwiesler, Daniel J.; Lofgren, Darla J.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Tulsa, OK USA. [Gold, Michael A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Nashville, TN USA. RP Fader, AN (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Greater Baltimore Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 6569 N Charles St,Ste 306, Baltimore, MD 21204 USA. EM amandanfader@gmail.com FU NCI NIH HHS [N02-CP-31102]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR-14467] NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 203 IS 2 AR 113.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.04.016 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 629XN UT WOS:000280234500008 PM 20522409 ER PT J AU Mohr, SB Garland, FC Garland, CF Gorham, ED Ricordi, C AF Mohr, Sharif B. Garland, Frank C. Garland, Cedric F. Gorham, Edward D. Ricordi, Camillo TI Is There a Role of Vitamin D Deficiency in Type 1 Diabetes of Children? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID FINNISH CHILDREN; RISK; CHILDHOOD; MELLITUS; COHORT C1 [Mohr, Sharif B.; Garland, Frank C.; Garland, Cedric F.; Gorham, Edward D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Mohr, Sharif B.; Garland, Frank C.; Gorham, Edward D.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Ricordi, Camillo] Univ Miami, Diabet Res Inst, Miami, FL USA. RP Garland, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 9500 Gilman Dr,0631C, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM cgarland@ucsd.edu OI Ricordi, Camillo/0000-0001-8092-7153 NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 39 IS 2 BP 189 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.03.023 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 632MP UT WOS:000280429100012 PM 20621268 ER PT J AU Shen, YC Hsia, RY AF Shen, Yu-Chu Hsia, Renee Y. TI Changes in Emergency Department Access Between 2001 and 2005 Among General and Vulnerable Populations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; SAFETY-NET HOSPITALS; RACIAL DISPARITIES; PRIMARY-CARE; HEALTH-INSURANCE; UNITED-STATES; FINANCIAL-PRESSURE; RISK-FACTORS; MORTALITY; TRENDS AB Objectives. We analyzed how ease of geographic access to emergency departments (EDs), defined as driving time to the closest ED, changed between 2001 and 2005, and whether access deterioration was more likely to occur in vulnerable communities. Methods. We classified communities on the basis of American Hospital Association and Census data into 3 categories according to driving time to the nearest ED: no increase, less than a 10-minute increase, and a 10-minute or more increase. We estimated a multinomial logit model to examine the relative risk ratio (RRR) of various community characteristics. Results. More than 95% of communities experienced no ED access deterioration. However, 11.4 million people experienced increased driving time to their nearest ED. Low-income communities had a higher risk of facing deteriorating access compared with high-income communities (urban: RRR=3.67; P<.01; rural: RRR= 1.75; P<.10), and communities with higher shares of Hispanics also had higher risks of facing declines (urban: RRR=3.41; P<.10; rural: RRR=2.67; P<.01). Conclusions. Deteriorating access to EDs is more likely to occur in communities with economic hardship and high shares of Hispanic populations. The uneven access to critical services warrants increased attention from policy-making bodies. (Am J Public Health. 2010;100:1462-1469. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.175828) C1 [Shen, Yu-Chu] USN, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Shen, Yu-Chu] Natl Bur Econ Res, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hsia, Renee Y.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Emergency Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Hsia, Renee Y.] San Francisco Gen Hosp, Emergency Dept, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. RP Shen, YC (reprint author), USN, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Postgrad Sch, 555 Dyer Rd,Code GB, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM yshen@nps.edu FU Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Changes in Health Care Financing and Organization initiative [63974]; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; National Institutes of Health/National Center for Research Resources, University of California, San Francisco Clinical and Translational Science [KL2 RR024130] FX This project was supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Changes in Health Care Financing and Organization initiative (grant 63974). In addition, R.Y. Hsia was supported in part by a grant under the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Physician Faculty Scholars Program and the National Institutes of Health/National Center for Research Resources, University of California, San Francisco Clinical and Translational Science (KL2 RR024130). NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2010 VL 100 IS 8 BP 1462 EP 1469 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2009.175828 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 656RR UT WOS:000282354800025 PM 20558800 ER PT J AU Provencher, MT Handfield, K Boniquit, NT Reiff, SN Sekiya, JK Romeo, AA AF Provencher, Matthew T. Handfield, Kent Boniquit, Nicole T. Reiff, Stefanie N. Sekiya, Jon K. Romeo, Anthony A. TI Injuries to the Pectoralis Major Muscle Diagnosis and Management SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE pectoralis major; shoulder; shoulder injury; tendon; tendon rupture ID DELAYED REPAIR; RUPTURE; TENDON; AVULSION; ANATOMY; COMPLICATION; INSERTION; NERVES; TEARS AB Injuries to the pectoralis major muscle are relatively infrequent but result in pain, weakness, and deformity of the upper extremity. The usual injury mechanism is during eccentric shortening of the pectoralis major under heavy load, such as when performing a bench press exercise. The ability to detect and treat a pectoralis major rupture is important for both the clinician and the patient and is aided with knowledge of the anatomy, the clinical findings, and results of nonoperative and operative care. It is important to understand the physical demands and desires of the patient as well as to understand the outcomes of both nonoperative and operative care to make an informed decision regarding optimal treatment. This article highlights the importance of the clinical examination in identifying the injury, examines various surgical techniques to repair the rupture, and reports on potential complication and reinjury rates. C1 [Provencher, Matthew T.; Handfield, Kent] USN, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Sekiya, Jon K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Boniquit, Nicole T.; Reiff, Stefanie N.; Romeo, Anthony A.] Rush Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Provencher, MT (reprint author), USN, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Med Ctr San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM matthew.provencher@med.navy.mil OI Romeo, Anthony/0000-0003-4848-3411 NR 76 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1693 EP 1705 DI 10.1177/0363546509348051 PG 13 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 635HF UT WOS:000280645500026 PM 20675652 ER PT J AU Nguku, PM Sharif, SK Mutonga, D Amwayi, S Omolo, J Mohammed, O Farnon, EC Gould, LH Lederman, E Rao, C Sang, R Schnabel, D Feikin, DR Hightower, A Njenga, MK Breiman, RF AF Nguku, Patrick M. Sharif, S. K. Mutonga, David Amwayi, Samuel Omolo, Jared Mohammed, Omar Farnon, Eileen C. Gould, L. Hannah Lederman, Edith Rao, Carol Sang, Rosemary Schnabel, David Feikin, Daniel R. Hightower, Allen Njenga, M. Kariuki Breiman, Robert F. TI An Investigation of a Major Outbreak of Rift Valley Fever in Kenya: 2006-2007 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SAUDI-ARABIA; SOUTH-AFRICA; EAST-AFRICA; VIRUS; EPIDEMIC; HUMANS; DISEASE; EGYPT; PCR AB An outbreak of Rift Valley fever (RVF) occurred in Kenya during November 2006 through March 2007. We characterized the magnitude of the outbreak through disease surveillance and serosurveys, and investigated contributing factors to enhance strategies for forecasting to prevent or minimize the impact of future outbreaks. Of 700 suspected cases, 392 met probable or confirmed case definitions; demographic data were available for 340 (87%), including 90 (26.4%) deaths. Male cases were more likely to die than females, Case Fatality Rate Ratio 1.8 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.3-3.8). Serosurveys suggested an attack rate up to 13% of residents in heavily affected areas. Genetic sequencing showed high homology among viruses from this and earlier RVF outbreaks. Case areas were more likely than non-case areas to have soil types that retain surface moisture. The outbreak had a devastatingly high case-fatality rate for hospitalized patients. However, there were up to 180,000 infected mildly ill or asymptomatic people within highly affected areas. Soil type data may add specificity to climate-based forecasting models for RVF. C1 [Breiman, Robert F.] CDC Kenya, Global Dis Detect Div, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Minist Publ Hlth & Sanitat, Nairobi, Kenya. [Amwayi, Samuel] Field Epidemiol & Lab Training Program, Dept Dis Prevent & Control, Minist Publ Hlth & Sanitat, Nairobi, Kenya. Prov Med Off, Garissa, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Virol Res, Nairobi, Kenya. [Schnabel, David] US Army Med Res Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [Nguku, Patrick M.] Minist Publ Hlth & Sanitat, Div Communicable Dis Control, Nairobi, Kenya. [Mutonga, David] Minist Hlth, Div Dis Surveillance & Response, Nairobi, Kenya. [Farnon, Eileen C.; Hightower, Allen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gould, L. Hannah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lederman, Edith] USN, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Rao, Carol] CDC China, Int Emerging Infect Program, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Sang, Rosemary] Kenya Med Res Inst KEMRI, Nairobi, Kenya. [Feikin, Daniel R.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Njenga, M. Kariuki] KEMRI Headquarters, Int Emerging Infect Program, CDC Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [Breiman, Robert F.] KEMRI Headquarters, Off Director, CDC Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Breiman, RF (reprint author), CDC Kenya, Global Dis Detect Div, Mbagathi Rd,Mbagathi Way, Nairobi, Kenya. EM drnguku@yahoo.com; sksharif@africaonline.co.ke; davidmutonga@yahoo.com; amwayi2004@yahoo.com; jaredom2000@yahoo.com; edf6@cdc.gov; dvj9@cdc.gov; edith.lederman@med.navy.mil; cnr3@cdc.gov; Rsang@wrp-nbo.org; dschnabel@wrp-nbo.org; dfeikin@jhsph.edu; awh1@cdc.gov; KNjenga@ke.cdc.gov; rbreiman@ke.cdc.gov NR 37 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 83 IS 2 SU S BP 5 EP 13 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0288 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 635YS UT WOS:000280694500002 PM 20682900 ER PT J AU Sang, R Kioko, E Lutomiah, J Warigia, M Ochieng, C O'Guinn, M Lee, JS Koka, H Godsey, M Hoel, D Hanafi, H Miller, B Schnabel, D Breiman, RE Richardson, J AF Sang, Rosemary Kioko, Elizabeth Lutomiah, Joel Warigia, Marion Ochieng, Caroline O'Guinn, Monica Lee, John S. Koka, Hellen Godsey, Marvin Hoel, David Hanafi, Hanafi Miller, Barry Schnabel, David Breiman, Robert E. Richardson, Jason TI Rift Valley Fever Virus Epidemic in Kenya, 2006/2007: The Entomologic Investigations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MOSQUITO SPECIES SUCCESSION; VECTOR COMPETENCE; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; WEST-AFRICA; RICE FIELDS; OUTBREAK; TRANSMISSION; DIPTERA; EGYPT; MAURITANIA AB In December 2006, Rift Valley fever (RVF) was diagnosed in humans in Garissa Hospital, Kenya and an outbreak reported affecting 11 districts. Entomologic surveillance was performed in four districts to determine the epidemic/epizootic vectors of RVF virus (RVFV). Approximately 297,000 mosquitoes were collected, 164,626 identified to species, 72,058 sorted into 3,003 pools and tested for RVFV by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Seventy-seven pools representing 10 species tested positive for RVFV, including Aedes mcintoshi/circumluteolus (26 pools), Aedes ochraceus (23 pools), Mansonia uniformis (15 pools); Culex poicilipes, Culex bitaeniorhynchus (3 pools each); Anopheles squamosus, Mansonia africana (2 pools each); Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex univittatus, Aedes pembaensis (1 pool each). Positive Ae. pembaensis, Cx. univittatus, and Cx. bitaeniorhynchus was a first time observation. Species composition, densities, and infection varied among districts supporting hypothesis that different mosquito species serve as epizootic/epidemic vectors of RVFV in diverse ecologies, creating a complex epidemiologic pattern in East Africa. C1 Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Virus Res, Nairobi, Kenya. USAMRU, Nairobi, Kenya. USAMRIID, Frederick, MD USA. Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. US Naval Med Res Unit 3, Vector Biol Res Program, Cairo, Egypt. [Breiman, Robert E.] CDC Kenya, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nairobi, Kenya. [Kioko, Elizabeth; Ochieng, Caroline; Koka, Hellen; Schnabel, David] US Army Med Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. [O'Guinn, Monica; Lee, John S.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Godsey, Marvin; Miller, Barry] Natl Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Hoel, David] USN, Marine Corps Publ Hlth Ctr Detachment, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Sang, Rosemary; Lutomiah, Joel; Warigia, Marion] Kenya Med Res Inst KEMRI, Ctr Virus Res, Arbovirol Hemorrhag Fevers Lab, Nairobi, Kenya. [Richardson, Jason] AFRIMS, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Sang, R (reprint author), Kenya Med Res Inst KEMRI, Ctr Virus Res, Arbovirol Hemorrhag Fevers Lab, POB 54628, Nairobi, Kenya. EM rsang@kemri.org; ekioko@wrp-ksm.org; jlutomiah@kemri.org; mwarigia@kemri.org; COchieng@wrp-nbo.org; monica.oguinn@us.army.mil; john.s.lee@us.army.mil; hkoka@wrp-nbo.org; mjg9@cdc.gov; HoelD@NAMRU3.med.navy.mil; Hanafi.Hanafi.eg@med.navy.mil; brm4@cdc.gov; DSchnabel@wrp-nbo.org; Rbreiman@ke.cdc.gov; Jason.Richardson@afrims.org RI Richardson, Jason/A-9441-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU GETS; USAMRU-Kenya; Global Disease Detection program; CDC - Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute FX This work received financial assistance from GETS program, USAMRU-Kenya, the Global Disease Detection program, CDC - Kenya, and Kenya Medical Research Institute. NR 57 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 83 IS 2 SU S BP 28 EP 37 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0319 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 635YS UT WOS:000280694500005 PM 20682903 ER PT J AU Shieh, WJ Paddock, CD Lederman, E Rao, CY Gould, LH Mohamed, M Mosha, F Mghamba, J Bloland, P Njenga, MK Mutonga, D Samuel, AA Guarner, J Breiman, RF Zaki, SR AF Shieh, Wun-Ju Paddock, Chris D. Lederman, Edith Rao, Carol Y. Gould, L. Hannah Mohamed, Mohamed Mosha, Fausta Mghamba, Janeth Bloland, Peter Njenga, M. Kariuki Mutonga, David Samuel, Amwayi A. Guarner, Jeannette Breiman, Robert F. Zaki, Sherif R. TI Pathologic Studies on Suspect Animal and Human Cases of Rift Valley Fever from an Outbreak in Eastern Africa, 2006-2007 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; NEWBORN LAMBS; LASSA FEVER; VIRUS; PATHOGENESIS; TISSUES; LESIONS; DIAGNOSIS; ANTIGEN; DISEASE AB Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an important viral zoonotic disease in Africa with periodic outbreaks associated with severe disease, death, and economic hardship. During the 2006-2007 outbreaks in Eastern Africa, postmortem and necropsy tissue samples from 14 animals and 20 humans clinically suspected of RVF were studied with histopathologic evaluation and immunohistochemical (IHC) assays. Six animal and 11 human samples had IHC evidence of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) antigens. We found that extensive hepatocellular necrosis without prominent inflammatory cell infiltrates is the most distinctive histopathologic change in liver tissues infected with RVFV. Pathologic studies on postmortem tissue samples can help establish the diagnosis of RVF, differentiating from endemic diseases with clinical manifestations similar to RVF, such as malaria, leptospirosis, or yellow fever. C1 [Shieh, Wun-Ju; Paddock, Chris D.; Zaki, Sherif R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis Vector Borne & Enter, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Mohamed, Mohamed; Mghamba, Janeth] Tanzania Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Epidemiol Sect, Prevent Dept, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Tanzania Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Hosp Serv Dept, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Bloland, Peter] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Njenga, M. Kariuki; Breiman, Robert F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Kenya, Global Dis Detect Div, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nairobi, Kenya. [Mutonga, David; Samuel, Amwayi A.] FELTP, Dept Dis Control & Prevent, Minist Publ Hlth & Sanitat, Nairobi, Kenya. [Lederman, Edith] USN, Div Infect Dis, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Rao, Carol Y.] Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Prevent & Response Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gould, L. Hannah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mosha, Fausta] Tanzania Field Epidemiol & Lab Training Programme, African Field Epidemiol Network, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Guarner, Jeannette] Emory Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Sch Med, Emory Univ Hosp, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Shieh, WJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop G-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wshieh@cdc.gov; cdp9@cdc.gov; Edith.Lederman@med.navy.mil; cnr3@cdc.gov; dvj9@cdc.gov; mahd67@yahoo.com; fausta_mosha@yahoo.com; mashaka_2000@yahoo.com; pbb1@cdc.gov; knjenga@ke.cdc.gov; doctordavidm2000@yahoo.com; amwayi2004@yahoo.com; jguarne@emory.edu; rbeiman@ke.cdc.gov; sxz1@cdc.gov RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 83 IS 2 SU S BP 38 EP 42 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0463 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 635YS UT WOS:000280694500006 PM 20682904 ER PT J AU Garsany, Y Baturina, OA Swider-Lyons, KE Kocha, SS AF Garsany, Yannick Baturina, Olga A. Swider-Lyons, Karen E. Kocha, Shyam S. TI Experimental Methods for Quantifying the Activity of Platinum Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ROTATING-DISK ELECTRODE; O-2 REDUCTION; THIN-FILM; AREA; CATALYST; KINETICS; PEMFCS; MODEL AB A tutorial is provided for methods to accurately and reproducibly determine the activity of Pt-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells and other applications. The impact of various experimental parameters on electrocatalyst activity is demonstrated, and explicit experimental procedures and measurement protocols are given for comparison of electrocatalyst activity to fuel cell standards. (To listen to a podcast about this article, please go to the Analytical Chemistry multimedia page at pubs.acs.org/page/ancham/audio/index.html.) C1 [Garsany, Yannick; Baturina, Olga A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Alternat Energy Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Garsany, Y (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Alternat Energy Sect, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yannick.garsany@nrl.navy.mil; karen.lyons@nrl.navy.mil RI Thandavarayan, Maiyalagan/C-5716-2011 OI Thandavarayan, Maiyalagan/0000-0003-3528-3824 NR 19 TC 230 Z9 231 U1 19 U2 135 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 15 BP 6321 EP 6328 DI 10.1021/ac100306c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 632DS UT WOS:000280401400003 PM 20590161 ER PT J AU Schuh, JR Bettendorf, R Shapiro, D Trowbridge, DL Lujan, E Boyle, P Birmingham, S Dacanay, R Green, R AF Schuh, Jason R. Bettendorf, Robert Shapiro, David Trowbridge, David L. Lujan, Eugenio Boyle, Patrick Birmingham, Sean Dacanay, Rhodel Green, Richard TI Negative Intratracheal Pressure Produced by Esophageal Detector Devices Causes Tracheal Wall Collapse in a Porcine Cardiac Arrest Model SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Article ID SELF-INFLATING BULB; TUBE PLACEMENT; SPHINCTER PRESSURE; CESAREAN-SECTION; MORBIDLY OBESE; INTUBATION; EFFICACY; VERIFICATION; RELIABILITY; PARTURIENT AB BACKGROUND: Esophageal detector devices (EDDs) impose negative pressure on the trachea or esophagus to verify endotracheal tube (FIT) position. In cardiac arrest, the smooth muscle of the lower esophageal sphincter relaxes in a time-dependent and irreversible manner. If relaxation also occurs in the muscular posterior tracheal wall, it could predispose tracheal invagination or collapse with negative pressure, potentially yielding false-negative (tracheal ET, EDD indicates esophagus) results. We compared 3 different EDDs in their ability to correctly discriminate tracheal and esophageal intubation. METHODS: ETTs were placed into the trachea and esophagus of 5 domestic swine, and bronchoscopy was used to visualize the trachea while 3 EDDs were tested. Tracheal wall activity was observed before and after induced cardiac arrest. Tracheal ETTs were aspirated with increasing negative force and pressures at initial wall movement and >50% tracheal lumen obliteration were recorded. Measurements were repeated at 4, 8, and 12 minutes postarrest and pressures at tracheal wall collapse pre- and postarrest were determined. EDDs were also tested on esophageal ETTs prearrest and at 6 and 10 minutes postarrest. RESULTS: In a closed system, each EDD generated more than -100 cm H(2)O pressure. Average prearrest pressure at tracheal collapse was -112 cm H(2)O. Average postarrest collapse pressures were -68, -66, and -54 cm H(2)O at 4, 8, and 12 minutes postarrest. One EDD consistently gave equivocal results; the remaining 2 gave accurate results in all subjects. Most observed movement was insufficient to cause device failure although tracheal wall movement was noted in all postarrest EDD trials. Esophageal intubation was correctly determined at all times pre- and postarrest. CONCLUSION: These findings describe a mechanism for false-negative results from decreased posterior tracheal wall tone during cardiac arrest. Further studies are required to elucidate factors contributing to its occurrence and impact on EDD use. (Anesth Analg 2010;111:468-72) C1 [Schuh, Jason R.; Bettendorf, Robert; Shapiro, David; Trowbridge, David L.; Lujan, Eugenio; Boyle, Patrick; Birmingham, Sean; Dacanay, Rhodel; Green, Richard] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol & Postanesthesia Care, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Lujan, E (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM eugenio.lujan@med.navy.mil NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 111 IS 2 BP 468 EP 472 DI 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181e6689c PG 5 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 633CZ UT WOS:000280478400034 PM 20584869 ER PT J AU Bily, MA Kwon, YW Pollak, RD AF Bily, Mollie A. Kwon, Young W. Pollak, Randall D. TI Study of Composite Interface Fracture and Crack Growth Monitoring Using Carbon Nanotubes SO APPLIED COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Composites interface; Fracture strength; Carbon nanotubes; Crack monitoring ID STRAIN; REINFORCEMENT; STRENGTH AB Interface fracture of woven fabric composite layers was studied using Mode II fracture testing. Both carbon fiber and E-glass fiber composites were used with a vinyl ester resin. First, the single-step cured (i.e., co-cured) composite interface strength was compared to that of the two-step cured interface as used in the scarf joint technique. The results showed that the two-step cured interface was as strong as the co-cured interface. Carbon nanotubes were then applied to the composite interface using two-step curing, and then followed by Mode II fracture testing. The results indicated a significant improvement of the interface fracture toughness due to the dispersed carbon nanotube layer for both carbon fiber and E-glass fiber composites. The carbon nanotube layer was then evaluated as a means to monitor crack growth along the interface. Because carbon nanotubes have very high electrical conductivity, the electrical resistance was measured through the interface as a crack grew, thus disrupting the carbon nanotube network and increasing the resistance. The results showed a linear relationship between crack length and interface resistance for the carbon fiber composites, and allowed initial detection of failure in the E-glass fiber composites. This study demonstrated that the application of carbon nanotubes along a critical composite interface not only improves fracture properties but can also be used to detect and monitor interfacial damage. C1 [Bily, Mollie A.; Kwon, Young W.; Pollak, Randall D.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM ywkwon@nps.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division FX This project was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division. The authors gratefully thank Professor Sarath Menon of the Naval Postgraduate School for assistance in imaging CNT samples. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-189X J9 APPL COMPOS MATER JI Appl. Compos. Mater. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 17 IS 4 BP 347 EP 362 DI 10.1007/s10443-009-9124-4 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 622ZL UT WOS:000279706100001 ER PT J AU Bubb, DM Corgan, J Yi, SY Khan, M Hughes, L Gurudas, U Papantonakis, M McGill, RA AF Bubb, Daniel M. Corgan, Jeff Yi, SunYong Khan, Mishae Hughes, Leon Gurudas, Ullas Papantonakis, Michael McGill, R. Andrew TI An experimental investigation of inhomogeneities in resonant infrared matrix-assisted pulsed-laser deposited thin polymer films SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID EVAPORATION MAPLE TECHNIQUE; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL FILMS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; FLUENCE DEPOSITION; DEGREES K; ABLATION; SURFACE; TEMPERATURE; MORPHOLOGY; ALCOHOL AB Thin polymer films are deposited using matrix-assisted pulsed-laser evaporation and subsequently are characterized by scanning electron and atomic force microscopies. An Er : YAG laser (2937 nm, 350 mu s) is used as a light source and the effect of the energy density supplied by the laser on the morphology of the deposited films is investigated. It is found that the appearance of undesirable non-uniform morphological features arises from either poor solubility of the guest molecules or insufficient energy density provided by the laser to vaporize the entire ejected volume. In addition, the surface roughness of two guest-host systems is found to depend linearly on the polymer concentration. These results allow us to better understand earlier work in the field and to establish a framework by which MAPLE films may be improved. C1 [Bubb, Daniel M.; Corgan, Jeff; Yi, SunYong; Khan, Mishae; Hughes, Leon; Gurudas, Ullas] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Camden, NJ 08102 USA. [Bubb, Daniel M.; Papantonakis, Michael; McGill, R. Andrew] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bubb, DM (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, 227 Penn St, Camden, NJ 08102 USA. EM dbubb@camden.rutgers.edu RI Papantonakis, Michael/G-3888-2012 FU Research Corporation; National Science Foundation [DMI-0613837, CMMI-0727713, CMMI-0922946]; Office of Naval Research FX A number of undergraduate students participated in depositing films including Danielle Hogan, Jessica Lindorff, Julie Griepenburg, Michael O'Connor, Josh Wood, and Brian Collins. D.M. Bubb acknowledges a Cottrell College Award from Research Corporation and Awards DMI-0613837, CMMI-0727713, and CMMI-0922946 from the National Science Foundation. Work at the Naval Research Laboratory is partially supported by the Office of Naval Research. We are grateful to J. Fitz-Gerald and L. Zhigilei for useful conversations and thank R. Narayan and S. Gittard for the AFM image in Fig. 8. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 100 IS 2 SI SI BP 523 EP 531 DI 10.1007/s00339-010-5854-2 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 634CI UT WOS:000280556600033 ER PT J AU Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI Wycoff, GL AF Mason, Brian D. Hartkopf, William I. Wycoff, Gary L. TI SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY AT THE US NAVAL OBSERVATORY. XV. SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: general; binaries: visual ID BINARY STAR ORBITS; SYSTEMS; OPHIUCHI; ELEMENTS; MASSES; XI AB Results of 2433 intensified CCD observations of double stars, made with the 26 inch refractor of the U. S. Naval Observatory, are presented. Each observation of a system represents a combination of over 2000 short-exposure images. These observations are averaged into 1013 mean relative positions and range in separation from 0.'' 96 to 58.'' 05, with a mean separation of 13.'' 50. This paper is the 15th in the series of papers and covers the period 2008 January 3 through 2008 December 21. C1 [Mason, Brian D.; Hartkopf, William I.; Wycoff, Gary L.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Mason, BD (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM bdm@usno.navy.mil; wih@usno.navy.mil; glw@usno.navy.mil FU U.S. Naval Observatory FX The continued instrument maintenance by the USNO instrument shop, Gary Wieder, John Evans, Tie Siemers, and David Smith, makes the operation of this vintage telescope a true delight. Thanks also to Ted Rafferty (USNO, retired) for his assistance with equipment upgrades and maintenance, and the foresight to initiate the backup camera project. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. Thanks are also extended to Ken Johnston, Ralph Gaume, and the U.S. Naval Observatory for their continued support of the Double Star Program. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 140 IS 2 BP 480 EP 482 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/140/2/480 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 626HW UT WOS:000279958000014 ER PT J AU Fischer, TC Crenshaw, DM Kraemer, SB Schmitt, HR Trippe, ML AF Fischer, T. C. Crenshaw, D. M. Kraemer, S. B. Schmitt, H. R. Trippe, M. L. TI MODELING THE OUTFLOW IN THE NARROW-LINE REGION OF MARKARIAN 573: BICONICAL ILLUMINATION OF A GASEOUS DISK SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (Mrk 573); galaxies: Seyfert ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SEYFERT-2 GALAXY NGC-1068; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INFRARED-SELECTED SAMPLE; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; EMISSION-LINE; RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY; IONIZING-RADIATION; UNIFIED SCHEMES; KINEMATICS AB We present a study of the outflowing ionized gas in the resolved narrow-line region of the Seyfert 2 galaxy Mrk 573, and its interaction with an inner dust/gas disk, based on Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 and Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph observations. From the spectroscopic and imaging information, we determined the fundamental geometry of the outflow and inner disk, via two modeling programs used to recreate the morphology of these regions imaged with HST. We also determined that the bicone of ionizing radiation from the active galactic nucleus intersects with the inner disk, illuminating a section of the disk including inner segments of spiral arms, fully seen through structure mapping, which appear to be outflowing and expanding. In addition, we see high velocities at projected distances of >= 2 '' (similar to 700 pc) from the nucleus, which could be due to rotation or in situ acceleration of gas off the spiral arms. We find that the true half-opening angle of the ionizing bicone (53 degrees) is much larger than the apparent half-opening angle (34 degrees) due to the above geometry, which may apply to a number of other Seyferts as well. C1 [Fischer, T. C.; Crenshaw, D. M.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Astron Off, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Kraemer, S. B.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Schmitt, H. R.] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Schmitt, H. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Trippe, M. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Fischer, TC (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Astron Off, 1 Pk Pl S SE,Suite 700, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM fischer@chara.gsu.edu FU NASA [NAS 5-26555] FX Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. NR 51 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 140 IS 2 BP 577 EP 583 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/140/2/577 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 626HW UT WOS:000279958000023 ER PT J AU Zacharias, N Einicke, OH Augustesen, K Clausen, JV Finch, C Hog, E Wycoff, GL AF Zacharias, N. Einicke, O. H. Augustesen, K. Clausen, J. V. Finch, C. Hog, E. Wycoff, G. L. TI BRORFELDE SCHMIDT CCD CATALOG SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; catalogs; methods: data analysis ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SURVEY 2MASS; UCAC3 AB The Brorfelde Schmidt CCD Catalog (BSCC) contains about 13.7 million stars, north of +49 degrees decl. with precise positions and V, R photometry. The catalog has been constructed from the reductions of 18,667 CCD frames observed with the Brorfelde Schmidt Telescope between 2000 and 2007. The Tycho-2 catalog was used for astrometric and photometric reference stars. Errors of individual positions are about 20-200 mas for stars in the R = 10-18 mag range. External comparisons with the Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) and Sloan Digital Sky Survey reveal possible small systematic errors in the BSCC of up to about 30 mas. The catalog is supplemented with J, H, and K(s) magnitudes from the 2MASS catalog. C1 [Zacharias, N.; Finch, C.; Wycoff, G. L.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Einicke, O. H.; Augustesen, K.; Clausen, J. V.; Hog, E.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. RP Zacharias, N (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM nz@usno.navy.mil FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England FX This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation.; Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS Web site is http://www.sdss.org/. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 140 IS 2 BP 652 EP 661 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/140/2/652 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 626HW UT WOS:000279958000031 ER PT J AU Vandenbroucke, J Buehler, R Ajello, M Bechtol, K Bellini, A Bolte, M Cheung, CC Civano, F Donato, D Fuhrmann, L Funk, S Healey, SE Hill, AB Knigge, C Madejski, GM Romani, RW Santander-Garcia, M Shaw, MS Steeghs, D Torres, MAP Van Etten, A Williams, KA AF Vandenbroucke, J. Buehler, R. Ajello, M. Bechtol, K. Bellini, A. Bolte, M. Cheung, C. C. Civano, F. Donato, D. Fuhrmann, L. Funk, S. Healey, S. E. Hill, A. B. Knigge, C. Madejski, G. M. Romani, R. W. Santander-Garcia, M. Shaw, M. S. Steeghs, D. Torres, M. A. P. Van Etten, A. Williams, K. A. TI DISCOVERY OF A GeV BLAZAR SHINING THROUGH THE GALACTIC PLANE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; VARIABLE RADIO-SOURCES; NORTHERN MILKY-WAY; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; GHZ SOURCES; SKY SURVEY; CATALOG; SPECTRA; PATROL AB The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) discovered a new gamma-ray source near the Galactic plane, Fermi J0109+6134, when it flared brightly in 2010 February. The low Galactic latitude (b = -1 degrees.2) indicated that the source could be located within the Galaxy, which motivated rapid multi-wavelength follow-up including radio, optical, and X-ray observations. We report the results of analyzing all 19 months of LAT data for the source, and of X-ray observations with both Swift and the Chandra X-ray Observatory. We determined the source redshift, z = 0.783, using a Keck Low-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer observation. Finally, we compiled a broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) from both historical and new observations contemporaneous with the 2010 February flare. The redshift, SED, optical line width, X-ray absorption, and multi-band variability indicate that this new GeV source is a blazar seen through the Galactic plane. Because several of the optical emission lines have equivalent width > 5 angstrom, this blazar belongs in the flat-spectrum radio quasar category. C1 [Vandenbroucke, J.; Buehler, R.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Funk, S.; Healey, S. E.; Madejski, G. M.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Van Etten, A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol,Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Vandenbroucke, J.; Buehler, R.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Funk, S.; Healey, S. E.; Madejski, G. M.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Van Etten, A.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bellini, A.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Bellini, A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Bolte, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Bolte, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Cheung, C. C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Civano, F.; Torres, M. A. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Donato, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fuhrmann, L.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Hill, A. B.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, LAOG, UMR 5571, F-38041 Grenoble 09, France. [Knigge, C.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Santander-Garcia, M.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38205 San Cristobal la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. [Santander-Garcia, M.] Isaac Newton Grp Telescopes, E-38700 Sta Cruz De La Palms, Spain. [Santander-Garcia, M.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain. [Steeghs, D.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Williams, K. A.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 75712 USA. RP Vandenbroucke, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol,Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM justinv@stanford.edu; buehler@stanford.edu RI Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; OI Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Hill, Adam/0000-0003-3470-4834; Williams, Kurtis/0000-0002-1413-7679 FU Kavli Foundation; INAF in Italy; CNES in France; NASA in the United States; DOE in the United States; CEA/Irfu in France; IN2P3/CNRS in France; ASI in Italy; INFN in Italy; MEXT in Japan; KEK in Japan; JAXA in Japan; K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; Swedish Research Council, Sweden; National Space Board in Sweden FX We thank the Chandra and Swift teams for timely and high-quality X-ray observations. We are grateful for valuable comments on the manuscript from Berrie Giebels. J.V. is supported by a Kavli Fellowship from the Kavli Foundation. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges support from a number of agencies and institutes for both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include NASA and DOE in the United States, CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS in France, ASI and INFN in Italy, MEXT, KEK, and JAXA in Japan, and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support from INAF in Italy and CNES in France for science analysis during the operations phase is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 718 IS 2 BP L166 EP L170 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/718/2/L166 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 636EI UT WOS:000280710700025 ER PT J AU Gierach, GL Loud, JT Chow, CK Prindiville, SA Eng-Wong, J Soballe, PW Giambartolomei, C Mai, PL Galbo, CE Nichols, K Calzone, KA Vachon, C Gail, MH Greene, MH AF Gierach, Gretchen L. Loud, Jennifer T. Chow, Catherine K. Prindiville, Sheila A. Eng-Wong, Jennifer Soballe, Peter W. Giambartolomei, Claudia Mai, Phuong L. Galbo, Claudia E. Nichols, Kathryn Calzone, Kathleen A. Vachon, Celine Gail, Mitchell H. Greene, Mark H. TI Mammographic density does not differ between unaffected BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and women at low-to-average risk of breast cancer SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE Mammographic density; Breast cancer risk; Breast cancer screening; Gene, BRCA1; Gene, BRCA2; Genetic predisposition to disease ID INCREASED GENETIC RISK; PARENCHYMAL PATTERNS; FAMILY-HISTORY; COMPUTERIZED ANALYSIS; FEATURES; CARCINOMA; TISSUE; AGE AB Elevated mammographic density (MD) is one of the strongest risk factors for sporadic breast cancer. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that MD is, in part, genetically determined; however, the relationship between MD and BRCA1/2 mutation status is equivocal. We compared MD in unaffected BRCA1/2 mutation carriers enrolled in the U.S. National Cancer Institute's Clinical Genetics Branch's Breast Imaging Study (n = 143) with women at low-to-average breast cancer risk enrolled in the same study (n = 29) or the NCI/National Naval Medical Center's Susceptibility to Breast Cancer Study (n = 90). The latter were BRCA mutation-negative members of mutation-positive families or women with no prior breast cancer, a Pedigree Assessment Tool score < 8 (i.e., low risk of a hereditary breast cancer syndrome) and a Gail score < 1.67. A single experienced mammographer measured MD using a computer-assisted thresholding method. We collected standard breast cancer risk factor information in both studies. Unadjusted mean percent MD was higher in women with BRCA1/2 mutations compared with women at low-to-average breast cancer risk (37.3% vs. 33.4%; P = 0.04), but these differences disappeared after adjusting for age and body mass index (34.9% vs. 36.3%; P = 0.43). We explored age at menarche, nulliparity, age at first birth, menopausal status, number of breast biopsies, and exposure to exogenous hormonal agents as potential confounders of the MD and BRCA1/2 association. Taking these factors into account did not significantly alter the results of the age/body mass index-adjusted analysis. Our results do not provide support for an independent effect of BRCA1/2 mutation status on mammographic density. C1 [Gierach, Gretchen L.] NCI, Hormonal & Reprod Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gierach, Gretchen L.] NCI, Canc Prevent Fellowship Program, Off Prevent Oncol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Loud, Jennifer T.; Giambartolomei, Claudia; Mai, Phuong L.; Greene, Mark H.] NCI, Clin Genet Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gail, Mitchell H.] NCI, Biostat Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Chow, Catherine K.] NIH, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Prindiville, Sheila A.] NCI, Coordinating Ctr Clin Trials, Off Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Eng-Wong, Jennifer] Georgetown Univ, Lombardi Comprehens Canc Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Galbo, Claudia E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Nichols, Kathryn] WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Calzone, Kathleen A.] NCI, Genet Branch, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Vachon, Celine] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Sci Res, Rochester, MN USA. [Galbo, Claudia E.] USN, Natl Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Gierach, GL (reprint author), 6120 Execut Blvd,Suite 550,Room 5016, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. EM gierachg@mail.nih.gov; loudj@mail.nih.gov; cchow@wrapc.com; prindivs@mail.nih.gov; je95@georgetown.edu; Peter.Soballe@med.navy.mil; clagiamba@yahoo.it; maip@mail.nih.gov; Claudia.galbo@med.navy.mil; kathrynnichols@westat.com; calzonek@mail.nih.gov; vachon.celine@mayo.edu; gailm@mail.nih.gov; greenem@mail.nih.gov RI Gierach, Gretchen/E-1817-2016 OI Gierach, Gretchen/0000-0002-0165-5522 FU National Cancer Institute [NO2-CP-11019-50, NO2-CP-65504-50] FX The Breast Imaging Study (NCI Protocol #01-C-009); The Susceptibility to Breast Cancer Study (NCI Protocol #00-C-0079/NNMC Protocol #NNMC.2000.0010). We wish to thank Ruthann Giusti, Christine Mueller, and Paul Han for clinical support; Nicole Dupree, Jason Hu, Beth Mittl, Usha Singh, and Andrea Wilson for their help in data preparation; Pamela Klein for the original design of the NCI/NNMC Susceptibility to Breast Cancer Study; and Fang Fang Wu for the Cumulus density assessments. Special thanks to all our study participants, without whose cooperation this study could not have been done. Financial Support: This project was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute, and by contracts NO2-CP-11019-50 and NO2-CP-65504-50 with Westat, Inc. Dr. Gierach was supported by the NCI Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program. The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the U. S. Government. NR 49 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 123 IS 1 BP 245 EP 255 DI 10.1007/s10549-010-0749-7 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 627SP UT WOS:000280063200029 PM 20130984 ER PT J AU Bougeault, P Toth, Z Bishop, C Brown, B Burridge, D Chen, DH Ebert, B Fuentes, M Hamill, TM Mylne, K Nicolau, J Paccagnella, T Park, YY Parsons, D Raoult, B Schuster, D Dias, PS Swinbank, R Takeuchi, Y Tennant, W Wilson, L Worley, S AF Bougeault, Philippe Toth, Zoltan Bishop, Craig Brown, Barbara Burridge, David Chen, De Hui Ebert, Beth Fuentes, Manuel Hamill, Thomas M. Mylne, Ken Nicolau, Jean Paccagnella, Tiziana Park, Young-Youn Parsons, David Raoult, Baudouin Schuster, Doug Dias, Pedro Silva Swinbank, Richard Takeuchi, Yoshiaki Tennant, Warren Wilson, Laurence Worley, Steve TI THE THORPEX INTERACTIVE GRAND GLOBAL ENSEMBLE SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Bougeault, Philippe; Fuentes, Manuel; Raoult, Baudouin] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Toth, Zoltan] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Bishop, Craig] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Brown, Barbara; Schuster, Doug; Worley, Steve] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Burridge, David; Parsons, David] World Meteorol Org, Geneva, Switzerland. [Chen, De Hui] Chinese Meteorol Adm, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Ebert, Beth] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Hamill, Thomas M.] NOAA, Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Mylne, Ken; Swinbank, Richard; Tennant, Warren] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Paccagnella, Tiziana] Agenzia Reg Prevenz Ambiante Emili, Bologna, Italy. [Park, Young-Youn] Korean Meteorol Adm, Seoul, South Korea. [Dias, Pedro Silva] Natl Lab Sci Comp, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Dias, Pedro Silva] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Takeuchi, Yoshiaki] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Wilson, Laurence] Meteorol Serv Canada, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Bougeault, P (reprint author), European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. EM philippe.bougeault@meteo.fr RI Leite da Silva Dias, Pedro/H-1183-2016; Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015 OI Leite da Silva Dias, Pedro/0000-0002-4051-2962; paccagnella, tiziana/0000-0001-6422-7341; Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194 NR 15 TC 120 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 91 IS 8 BP 1059 EP 1072 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2853.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 648OV UT WOS:000281704700005 ER PT J AU Geernaert, G Businger, S Jeffery, C Dunn, T Elsberry, R MacGorman, D AF Geernaert, Gerald Businger, Steven Jeffery, Christopher Dunn, Thomas Elsberry, Russ MacGorman, Don TI USING NOVEL LIGHTNING DATA AND ADVANCED MODELING APPROACHES TO PREDICT MARITIME CYCLOGENESIS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Geernaert, Gerald; Jeffery, Christopher] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Businger, Steven; Dunn, Thomas] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Elsberry, Russ] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [MacGorman, Don] NOAA NSSL, Norman, OK USA. RP Geernaert, G (reprint author), LANL MS T 006, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM geernaert@lanl.gov OI MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 91 IS 8 BP 1091 EP 1093 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2926.1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 648OV UT WOS:000281704700008 ER PT J AU Qiao, L Gan, Y Nishiie, T Dahm, WJA Oran, ES AF Qiao, L. Gan, Y. Nishiie, T. Dahm, W. J. A. Oran, E. S. TI Extinction of premixed methane/air flames in microgravity by diluents: Effects of radiation and Lewis number SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Extinction; Microgravity; Inert gases; Lewis number; Radiation and reabsorption; Chemical suppression ID COUNTERFLOW DIFFUSION FLAMES; FLAMMABILITY-LIMIT; HEAT-LOSS; ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS; H-2-AIR FLAMES; NOX FORMATION; CO2 ADDITION; INERT-GASES; CUP-BURNER; LAMINAR AB Laminar burning velocities and flammability limits of premixed methane/air flames in the presence of various diluents were investigated by combined use of experiments and numerical simulations. The experiments used a 1-m free-fall spherical combustion chamber to eliminate the effect of buoyancy, enabling accurate measurements of near-limit burning velocities and flammability limits. Burning velocities were measured for CH(4)/air flames with varying concentrations of He, Ar, N(2) and CO(2) at NTP. The limiting concentration of each diluent was measured by systematically varying the composition and ignition energy and finding the limiting condition through successive experiment trials. The corresponding freely-propagating, planar 1-D flames were simulated using PREMIX. The transient spherically-expanding flames were simulated using the 1-D Spherical Flame & Reactor Module of COSILAB considering detailed radiation models. The results show that helium exhibits more complex limit behavior than the other diluents due to the large Lewis number of helium mixtures. The near-limit helium-diluted flames require much higher ignition energy than the other flames. In addition, for the spherically expanding helium-diluted flames studied here (Le > 1), stretch suppresses flame propagation and may cause flame extinction. For the CO(2)-diluted flames, the flame speed predicted by the optically-thick model based on the Discrete Transfer Method (DTW) and a modified wide band model has better agreement with measurements in the near-limit region. A significant amount of heat is absorbed by the dilution gas CO(2), resulting in elevation of temperature of the ambient gases. The optically-thick model, however, still overpredicts flame speed, indicating a more sophisticated radiation property model may be needed. Finally, the chemical effect of CO(2) on flame suppression was quantified by a numerical analysis. The results show that the chemical effect of CO(2) is more important than the other diluents due to its active participation in the reaction CO(2) + H = CO + OH, which competes for H radicals with the chain-branching reactions and thus reduces flame speed. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Qiao, L.; Gan, Y.; Nishiie, T.] Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dahm, W. J. A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Oran, E. S.] USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Qiao, L (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, 701W Stadium Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM lqiao@ecn.purdue.edu NR 58 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD AUG PY 2010 VL 157 IS 8 BP 1446 EP 1455 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.04.004 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 617SF UT WOS:000279300800002 ER PT J AU Gingeras, R AF Gingeras, Ryan TI Beyond Istanbul's 'Laz Underworld': Ottoman Paramilitarism and the Rise of Turkish Organised Crime, 1908-1950 SO CONTEMPORARY EUROPEAN HISTORY LA English DT Article ID ANATOLIA AB Although the Turkish mafia is increasingly recognised as a powerful force in the ongoing trade in weapons, narcotics and people in Europe and beyond, there are few critical histories of organised crime's origins in Turkey. Rather than present some pedantic general survey of the history of organized crime in modern Turkey, this essay attempts to address two broader critical points of departure. First, how did Anatolia's journey from imperial to republican rule impact, and how was it impacted by, criminal gangs? Second, how do we situate the experience of modern gangs in Turkey in a global context? In attempting to answer these questions, this paper looks at the development of criminal syndicates among Laz migrants in the greater Istanbul area during the first half of the twentieth century. The case of the Laz shows particularly how war, migration, imperial politics, urbanisation and the rise of the international drug trade shaped the parallel development of organised crime and the nascent Turkish Republic. C1 [Gingeras, Ryan] USN, Postgrad Inst, Monterey, CA USA. RP Gingeras, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Inst, Monterey, CA USA. EM rgingeras@yahoo.com NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0960-7773 J9 CONTEMP EUR HIST JI Contemp. Eur. Hist. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 19 IS 3 BP 215 EP 230 DI 10.1017/S0960777310000135 PG 16 WC History SC History GA 628QH UT WOS:000280135100003 ER PT J AU Soto, CM Ratna, BR AF Soto, Carissa M. Ratna, Banahalli R. TI Virus hybrids as nanomaterials for biotechnology SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; SUPRAMOLECULAR BUILDING-BLOCKS; STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; COMPLEX PATTERN-FORMATION; SINGLE-DOMAIN ANTIBODIES; COAT PROTEIN; DNA MICROARRAYS; PLANT-VIRUSES; MOTTLE VIRUS; PATHOGEN IDENTIFICATION AB The current review describes advances in the field of bionanotechnology in which viruses are used to fabricate nanomaterials. Viruses are introduced as protein cages, scaffolds, and templates for the production of biohybrid nanostructured materials where organic and inorganic molecules are incorporated in a precise and a controlled fashion. Genetic engineering enables the insertion or replacement of selected amino acids on virus capsids for uses from bioconjugation to crystal growth. The variety of nanomaterials generated in rod-like and spherical viruses is highlighted for tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), M13 bacteriophage, cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), and cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV). Functional biohybrid nanomaterials find applications in biosensing, memory devices, nanocircuits, light-harvesting systems, and nanobatteries. C1 [Soto, Carissa M.; Ratna, Banahalli R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Soto, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM carissa.soto@nrl.navy.mil; ratna@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX T. Lin, A. Chatterji, J.E. Johnson, and Q. Wang for providing CPMV; M. Moore, T. Schull, S. K. Pollack, and J.M. Tour for their chemical synthesis expertise; A.S. Blum for her contributions to the nanocircuit research conducted in our laboratory; G.J. Vora for his comments on the manuscript; and the Office of Naval Research for financial support. NR 124 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 7 U2 80 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 EI 1879-0429 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 21 IS 4 BP 426 EP 438 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.07.004 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 661HP UT WOS:000282717000006 PM 20688511 ER PT J AU Thoppil, PG Hogan, PJ AF Thoppil, Prasad G. Hogan, Patrick J. TI Persian Gulf response to a wintertime shamal wind event SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Persian Gulf; Shamal wind; Heat flux; Circulation; Numerical model ID VERTICAL DIFFUSIVITIES; OCEAN TURBULENCE; RESIDUAL FLOW; ARABIAN GULF; HEAT; HORMUZ; MOMENTUM; STRAIT; MODEL AB The results from a similar to 1 km resolution HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), forced by 1/2 degrees Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) atmospheric data, were used in order to study the dynamic response of the Persian Gulf to wintertime shamal forcing. Shamal winds are strong northwesterly winds that occur in the Persian Gulf area behind southeast moving cold fronts. The period from 20 November to 5 December 2004 included a well defined shamal event that lasted 4-5 days. In addition to strong winds (16 m s(-1)) the winter shamal also brought cold dry air (T(a) = 20 degrees C, q(a) = 10 g kg(-1)) which led to a net heat loss in excess of 1000 W m(-2) by increasing the latent heat flux. This resulted in SST cooling of up to 10 degrees C most notably in the northern and shallower shelf regions. A sensitivity experiment with a constant specific humidity of q(a) = 15 g kg(-1) confirmed that about 38% of net heat loss was due to the air-sea humidity differences. The time integral of SST cooling closely followed the air-sea heat loss, indicating an approximate one-dimensional vertical heat balance. It was found that the shamal induced convective vertical mixing provided a direct mechanism for the erosion of stratification and deepening of the mixed layer by 30 m. The strong wind not only strengthened the circulation in the entire Persian Gulf but also established a northwestward flowing Iranian Coastal Current (ICC, 25-30 cm s(-1)) from the Strait of Hormuz to about 52 degrees E, where it veered offshore. The strongest negative sea level of 25-40 cm was generated in the northernmost portion of the Gulf while the wind setup against the coast of the United Arab Emirates established a positive sea level of 15-30 cm. The transport through the Strait of Hormuz at 56.2 degrees E indicated an enhanced outflow of 0.25 Sv (Sv equivalent to 10(6) m(3) s(-1)) during 24 November followed by an equivalent inflow on the next day. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Thoppil, Prasad G.; Hogan, Patrick J.] USN, Res Lab, Open Ocean Proc & Predict Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Thoppil, Prasad G.] QinetiQ N Amer, Technol Solut Grp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Thoppil, PG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Open Ocean Proc & Predict Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM thoppil@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [601153N] FX This paper is a contribution to the coastal ocean nesting studies project sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under the program element 601153N. It is also a contribution to the NRL project Full Column Mixing for Numerical Ocean Models. The simulations were performed on IBM-SP4 workstations at the Naval Oceanographic Office under a grant of computer time from the DoD High Performance Computer Modernization Office (HPCMO). Alan Wallcraft is thanked for his substantial contribution to this effort through his work on model development and his computer expertise. MODIS data is downloaded from poet.jpl.nasa.gov and oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 8 BP 946 EP 955 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.03.002 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 630IW UT WOS:000280267600002 ER PT J AU Boyko, EJ Jacobson, IG Smith, B Ryan, MAK Hoofer, TI Amoroso, PJ Gackstetter, GD Barrett-Connor, E Smith, TC AF Boyko, Edward J. Jacobson, Isabel G. Smith, Besa Ryan, Margaret A. K. Hoofer, Tomoko I. Amoroso, Paul J. Gackstetter, Gary D. Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth Smith, Tyler C. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Risk of Diabetes in US Military Service Members in Relation to Combat Deployment and Mental Health SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PRIMARY-CARE; DEPRESSION; PERFORMANCE; CHECKLIST; VETERANS; MELLITUS; ADULTS; SPAN AB OBJECTIVE Few prospective data exist on the risk of diabetes in individuals serving in the U.S. military. The objectives of this study were to determine whether military deployment, combat exposures, and mental health conditions were related to the risk of newly reported diabetes over 3 years. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data were from Millennium Cohort Study participants who completed baseline (July 2001-June 2003) and follow-up (June 2004-February 2006) questionnaires (follow-up response rate = 71.4%). After exclusion criteria were applied, adjusted analyses included 44,754 participants (median age 36 years, range 18-68 years). Survey instruments collected demographics, height, weight, lifestyle, military service, clinician-diagnosed diabetes, and other physical and mental health conditions. Deployment was defined by U.S. Department of Defense databases, and combat exposure was assessed by self-report at follow-up. Odds of newly reported diabetes were estimated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Occurrence of diabetes during follow-up was 3 per 1,000 person-years. Individuals reporting diabetes at follow-up were significantly older, had greater baseline BMI, and were less likely to be Caucasian. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, education, race/ethnicity, military service characteristics, and mental health conditions, only baseline posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was significantly associated with risk of diabetes (odds ratio 2.07 [95% Cl 1.31-3.29]). Deployments since September 2001 were not significantly related to higher diabetes risk, with or without combat exposure. CONCLUSIONS In this military cohort, PTSD symptoms at baseline but not other mental health symptoms or military deployment experience were significantly associated with future risk of self-reported diabetes. C1 [Boyko, Edward J.] Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Dept Vet Affairs, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Jacobson, Isabel G.; Smith, Tyler C.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Smith, Besa; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] USN, Hosp Camp Pendleton, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. [Hoofer, Tomoko I.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Amoroso, Paul J.] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. [Gackstetter, Gary D.] Analyt Serv Inc ANSER, Arlington, VA USA. [Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Epidemiol Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Boyko, EJ (reprint author), Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Dept Vet Affairs, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. EM eboyko@uw.edu FU U.S. Department of Defense [60002]; U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland; Department of Veterans Affairs; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland FX w This represents report 09-35, supported by the U.S. Department of Defense, under work unit no. 60002. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of the Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research (protocol NHRC.2000.0007). The funding organization had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, analysis, or preparation of data; or preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.; The Millennium Cohort Study is funded through the Military Operational Medicine Research Program of the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland. The Department of Veterans Affairs supported E.J.B.'s involvement with this research.; We are indebted to the Millennium Cohort Study participants, without whom these analyses would not be possible. We thank Scott L. Seggerman from the Management Information Division, Defense Manpower Data Center, Seaside, California. In addition, we thank Melissa Bagnell, MPH, Gina Creaven, MBA, James Davies, Lacy Farnell, Nisara Granado, MPH, PhD, Gia Gumbs, MPH, Jaime Horton, Cynthia LeardMann, MPH, Travis Leleu, Jamie McGrew, Amanda Pietrucha, MPH, Teresa Powell, MS, Amber Seelig, MPH, Katherine Snell, Steven Speigle, Kari Welch, MA, Martin White, MPH, James Whitmer, and Charlene Wong, MPH, from the Department of Defense Center for Deployment Health Research, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, and Michelle Stoia, also from the Naval Health Research Center. We also thank the professionals from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, especially those from the Military Operational Medicine Research Program, Fort Detrick, Maryland. We appreciate the support of the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland. These individuals provided assistance as part of their official duties as employees of the Department of Defense, and none received additional financial compensation. NR 26 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD AUG PY 2010 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1771 EP 1777 DI 10.2337/dc10-0296 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 645AF UT WOS:000281422600016 PM 20484134 ER PT J AU Garfinkel, S Nelson, A White, D Roussev, V AF Garfinkel, Simson Nelson, Alex White, Douglas Roussev, Vassil TI Using purpose-built functions and block hashes to enable small block and sub-file forensics SO DIGITAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual DFRWS Conference CY AUG 02-04, 2010 CL Portland, OR AB This paper explores the use of purpose-built functions and cryptographic hashes of small data blocks for identifying data in sectors, file fragments, and entire files. It introduces and defines the concept of a "distinct" disk sector-a sector that is unlikely to exist elsewhere except as a copy of the original. Techniques are presented for improved detection of JPEG, MPEG and compressed data; for rapidly classifying the forensic contents of a drive using random sampling; and for carving data based on sector hashes. (C) 2010 Digital Forensic Research Workshop. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Garfinkel, Simson; Nelson, Alex; White, Douglas] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Operat & Informat Sci, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Roussev, Vassil] Univ New Orleans, Dept Comp Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Garfinkel, S (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Operat & Informat Sci, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM slgarfin@nps.edu; ajnelson@cs.ucsc.edu; douglas.white@nist.gov; vassil@cs.uno.edu NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-2876 EI 1873-202X J9 DIGIT INVEST JI Digit. Investig. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 7 SU 1 BP S13 EP S23 DI 10.1016/j.diin.2010.05.003 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 639XP UT WOS:000281010700003 ER PT J AU Garfinkel, SL AF Garfinkel, Simson L. TI Digital forensics research: The next 10 years SO DIGITAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual DFRWS Conference CY AUG 02-04, 2010 CL Portland, OR DE Forensics; Human subjects research; Corpora; Real data corpus; Realistic data AB Today's Golden Age of computer forensics is quickly coming to an end. Without a clear strategy for enabling research efforts that build upon one another, forensic research will fall behind the market, tools will become increasingly obsolete, and law enforcement, military and other users of computer forensics products will be unable to rely on the results of forensic analysis. This article summarizes current forensic research directions and argues that to move forward the community needs to adopt standardized, modular approaches for data representation and forensic processing. (C) 2010 Digital Forensic Research Workshop. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Garfinkel, SL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM simsong@acm.org NR 45 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-2876 J9 DIGIT INVEST JI Digit. Investig. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 7 SU 1 BP S64 EP S73 DI 10.1016/j.diin.2010.05.009 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 639XP UT WOS:000281010700009 ER PT J AU Metzger, EJ Hurlburt, HE Xu, X Shriver, JF Gordon, AL Sprintall, J Susanto, RD van Aken, HM AF Metzger, E. J. Hurlburt, H. E. Xu, X. Shriver, Jay F. Gordon, A. L. Sprintall, J. Susanto, R. D. van Aken, H. M. TI Simulated and observed circulation in the Indonesian Seas: 1/12 degrees global HYCOM and the INSTANT observations SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Indonesian Throughflow; Global HYCOM; INSTANT; Inter-ocean exchange; Ocean modeling ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; OCEAN MODEL HYCOM; INDIAN-OCEAN; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; VERTICAL DIFFUSIVITIES; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; WORLD OCEAN; PART I; THROUGHFLOW; DYNAMICS AB A 1/12 degrees global version of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) using 3-hourly atmospheric forcing is analyzed and directly compared against observations from the International Nusantara STratification ANd Transport (INSTANT) program that provides the first long-term (2004-2006) comprehensive view of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) inflow/outflow and establishes an important benchmark for inter-basin exchange, including the net throughflow transport. The simulated total ITF transport (-13.4 Sv) is similar to the observational estimate (similar to 15.0 Sy) and correctly distributed among the three outflow passages (Lombok Strait. Ombai Strait and Timor Passage). Makassar Strait carries similar to 75% of the observed total ITF inflow and while the temporal variability of the simulated transport has high correlation with the observations, the simulated mean volume transport is similar to 37% too low. This points to an incorrect partitioning between the western and eastern inflow routes in the model and is the largest shortcoming of this simulation. HYCOM simulates the very deep (>1250m) overflow at Lifamatola Passage (-2.0 Sv simulated vs. -2.5 Sv observed) and indicates overflow contributions originating from the North (South) Equatorial Current in boreal winter-spring (summer-autumn). A new finding of INSTANT is the mean eastward flow from the Indian Ocean toward the interior Indonesian Seas on the north side of Ombai Strait. This flow is not robustly simulated at 1/12 degrees resolution, but is found in a 1/25 degrees version of global HYCOM using climatological forcing, indicating the importance of horizontal resolution. However, the 1/25 degrees model also indicates that the mean eastward flow retroflects, turning back into the main southwestward Ombai Strait outflow, and in the mean does not enter the interior seas to become part of the water mass transformation process. The 1/12 degrees global HYCOM is also used to fill in the gaps not measured as part of the INSTANT observational network. It indicates the wide and shallow Java and Arafura Seas carry -0.8 Sv of inflow and that the three major outflow passages capture nearly all the total Pacific to Indian Ocean throughflow. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Metzger, E. J.; Hurlburt, H. E.; Shriver, Jay F.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Xu, X.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Gordon, A. L.; Susanto, R. D.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Sprintall, J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [van Aken, H. M.] NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Texel, Netherlands. RP Metzger, EJ (reprint author), NRL Code 7323, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM joe.metzger@nrlssc.navy.mil; harley.hurlburt@nrlssc.navy.mil; xiaobiao.xu@usm.edu; jay.shriver@nrlssc.navy.mil; agordon@ldeo.columbia.edu; jsprintall@ucsd.edu; dwi@ldeo.columbia.edu; aken@nioz.nl RI Gordon, Arnold/H-1049-2011; OI Gordon, Arnold/0000-0001-6480-6095; SUSANTO, Raden Dwi/0000-0003-1495-5951 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-07-25935, OCE-07-25476] FX The modeling component of this article is a contribution from the "6.1 Dynamics of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and Its Remote Impact" project sponsored by the Office of Naval Research under program element number 61153N. Grants of computer time were provided by the Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program and the simulations were performed on the IBM Power 4+ (Kraken), the IBM Power 6 (daVinci) and the Cray XT5 (Einstein) at the Navy DoD Supercomputing Resources Center, Stennis Space Center, MS. The INSTANT component of this article was sponsored by National Science Foundation grants OCE-07-25935 (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory [LDEO]) and OCE-07-25476 (Scripps Institution of Oceanography [SIO]). We also thank Dr. Alan Wallcraft for his computer expertise and developmental work on HYCOM. This is NRL contribution NRL/JA/7320-09-9336 and LDEO contribution 7346. It has been approved for public release and distribution is unlimited. NR 64 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0265 J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans PD AUG PY 2010 VL 50 IS 2 SI SI BP 275 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2010.04.002 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 628AO UT WOS:000280086600011 ER PT J AU De Gregorio, BT Stroud, RM Nittler, LR Alexander, CMO Kilcoyne, ALD Zega, TJ AF De Gregorio, Bradley T. Stroud, Rhonda M. Nittler, Larry R. Alexander, Conel M. O'D. Kilcoyne, A. L. David Zega, Thomas J. TI Isotopic anomalies in organic nanoglobules from Comet 81P/Wild 2: Comparison to Murchison nanoglobules and isotopic anomalies induced in terrestrial organics by electron irradiation SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; MOLECULAR-CLOUD MATERIAL; INNER-SHELL EXCITATION; DEUTERIUM FRACTIONATION; INTERPLANETARY DUST; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PRIMITIVE METEORITES; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; PRESOLAR GRAPHITE; CORE EXCITATION AB Nanoglobules are a form of organic matter found in interplanetary dust particles and primitive meteorites and are commonly associated with N-15 and D isotopic anomalies that are suggestive of interstellar processes. We report the discovery of two isotopically-anomalous organic globules from the Stardust collection of particles from Comet 81P/Wild 2 and compare them with nanoglobules from the Murchison CM2 meteorite. One globule from Stardust Cometary Track 80 contains highly aromatic organic matter and a large N-15 anomaly (delta N-15 = 1120 parts per thousand). Associated, non-globular, organic matter from this track is less enriched in N-15 and contains a mixture of aromatic and oxidized carbon similar to bulk insoluble organic material (IOM) from primitive meteorites. The second globule, from Cometary Track 2, contains non-aromatic organic matter with abundant nitrile (-C N) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups. It is significantly enriched in D (delta D = 1000 parts per thousand) but has a terrestrial N-15/N-14 ratio. Experiments indicate that similar D enrichments, unaccompanied by N-15 fractionation, can be reproduced in the laboratory by electron irradiation of epoxy or cyanoacrylate. Thus, a terrestrial origin for this globule cannot be ruled out, and, conversely, exposure to high-energy electron irradiation in space may be an important factor in producing D anomalies in organic materials. For comparison, we report two Murchison globules: one with a large N-15 enrichment and highly aromatic chemistry analogous to the Track 80 globule and the other only moderately enriched in N-15 with IOM-like chemistry. The observation of organic globules in Comet 81P/Wild 2 indicates that comets likely sampled the same reservoirs of organic matter as did the chondrite parent bodies. The observed isotopic anomalies in the globules are most likely preserved signatures of low temperature (<10 K) chemistry in the interstellar medium or perhaps the outer regions of the solar nebula. In other extraterrestrial samples, D isotopic anomalies, but not those of N-15, may be explained in part by exposure to ionizing electron radiation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [De Gregorio, Bradley T.; Stroud, Rhonda M.; Zega, Thomas J.] USN, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [De Gregorio, Bradley T.] USN, Res Lab, Natl Res Council Cooperat Res Fellow, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nittler, Larry R.; Alexander, Conel M. O'D.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Kilcoyne, A. L. David] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP De Gregorio, BT (reprint author), USN, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Res Lab, Code 6366,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bradley.degregorio.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; rhonda.stroud@nrl.navy.mil; lnittler@ciw.edu; alexander@dtm.ciw.edu; alkilcoyne@lbl.gov; thomas.zega@nrl.navy.mil RI Alexander, Conel/N-7533-2013; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; De Gregorio, Bradley/B-8465-2008 OI Alexander, Conel/0000-0002-8558-1427; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; De Gregorio, Bradley/0000-0001-9096-3545 FU US Department of Energy; Office of Naval Research; NASA; NASA Astrobiology Institute; National Research Council Research Associateship at the US Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Sue Wirick, Nabil Bassim, and Dominic Papineau with the acquisition of STXM data. Additional thoughtful discussion was provided by George Cody. We also sincerely thank the reviewers, Gary Huss, Frank Stadermann, and Laurence Garvie, whose criticisms and suggestions significantly improved the article's content and clarity. Use of the Advanced Light Source and the National Synchrotron Light Source was supported by the US Department of Energy. Financial support for this research came from the Office of Naval Research, NASA Discovery Data Analysis and Origins of Solar Systems Program, and NASA Astrobiology Institute. This research was conducted while the primary author held a National Research Council Research Associateship at the US Naval Research Laboratory. NR 89 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 74 IS 15 BP 4454 EP 4470 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2010.05.010 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 619FF UT WOS:000279413900019 ER PT J AU Sprangle, P Penano, J Hafizi, B Ben-Zvi, I AF Sprangle, Phillip Penano, Joseph Hafizi, Bahman Ben-Zvi, Ilan TI Wall-Plug Efficiency and Beam Dynamics in Free-Electron Lasers Using Energy Recovery Linacs SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Electron linear accelerators; free-electron laser (FEL) AB In a high average power free-electron laser (FEL) the wall-plug efficiency is of critical importance in determining the size, complexity, and cost of the overall system. The wall-plug efficiency for the FEL oscillator and amplifier (uniform and tapered wiggler) is strongly dependent on the energy recovery process. A theoretical model for electron beam dynamics in the energy recovery linac is derived and applied to the acceleration and deceleration of nano-Coulomb electron bunches for a tapered FEL amplifier. For the tapered amplifier, the spent electron beam exiting the wiggler consists of trapped and untrapped electrons. Decelerating these two populations using different phases of the radio-frequency wave in the recovery process enhances wall-plug efficiency. For the parameters considered here, the wall-plug efficiency for the tapered amplifier can be similar to 10% using this approach. C1 [Sprangle, Phillip; Penano, Joseph] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hafizi, Bahman] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. [Ben-Zvi, Ilan] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collidor Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sprangle, P (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM phillip.sprangle@nrl.navy.mil; joseph.penano@nrl.navy.mil; bahman.hafizi@nrl.navy.mil; benzvi@bnl.gov FU Office of Naval Research; Joint Technology Office FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research and the Joint Technology Office. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1135 EP 1144 DI 10.1109/JQE.2010.2043817 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 579YI UT WOS:000276413000001 ER PT J AU Dorsey, WM McDermitt, CS Bucholtz, F Parent, MG AF Dorsey, W. Mark McDermitt, Christopher S. Bucholtz, Frank Parent, Mark G. TI Design and Performance of Frequency Selective Surface With Integrated Photodiodes for Photonic Calibration of Phased Array Antennas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Frequency selective surface (FSS); radome; calibration AB The design, fabrication, and integration of a frequency selective surface (FSS) with integrated photodiodes to allow for photonic calibration of phased array antennas is presented. The design includes embedding electrically short dipole antennas in each unit cell of the FSS, with a zero-biased photodiode placed across the gap of the diode. Fibers from an optical distribution network are passed through the honeycomb core of the frequency selective surface and pigtailed to the photodiodes. The RF performance of the frequency selective surface with integrated optics is investigated via simulations and measurements, and the results show that the structure maintains RF-transparency. C1 [Dorsey, W. Mark; Parent, Mark G.] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [McDermitt, Christopher S.; Bucholtz, Frank] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dorsey, WM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dorsey@radar.nrl.navy.mil RI zhou, hang/H-3387-2011 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 58 IS 8 BP 2588 EP 2593 DI 10.1109/TAP.2010.2050451 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 670NV UT WOS:000283432500012 ER PT J AU Charvat, GL Kempel, LC Rothwell, EJ Coleman, CM Mokole, EL AF Charvat, Gregory L. Kempel, Leo C. Rothwell, Edward J. Coleman, Christopher M. Mokole, Eric L. TI A Through-Dielectric Radar Imaging System SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Dielectric slab; frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW); linear FM; linear frequency modulation (LFM); low-power radar; pulse compresion; radar imaging; rail SAR; synthetic aperture radar; through lossy-dielectric slab imaging; ultrawideband radar AB Through-lossy-slab radar imaging will be shown at stand-off ranges using a low-power, ultrawideband (UWB), frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar system. FMCW is desirable for through-slab applications because of the signal gain resulting from pulse compression of long transmit pulses (1.926-4.069 GHz chirp in 10 ms). The difficulty in utilizing FMCW radar for this application is that the air-slab boundary dominates the scattered return from the target scene and limits the upper bound of the receiver dynamic range, reducing sensitivity for targets behind the slab. A method of range-gating out the air-slab boundary by significant band-limiting of the IF stages facilitates imaging of low radar cross section (RCS) targets behind the slab. This sensor is combined with a 1D linear rail and utilized as a rail synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging system. A 2D model of a slab and cylinder shows that image blurring due to the slab is negligible when the SAR is located at a stand-off range of 6 m or greater, and thus, the two-way attenuation due to wave propagation through the slab is the greatest challenge at stand-off ranges when the air-slab boundary is range-gated out of the scattered return. Measurements agree with the model, and also show that this radar is capable of imaging target scenes of cylinders and rods 15.24 cm in height and 0.95 cm in diameter behind a 10 cm thick lossy dielectric slab. Further, this system is capable of imaging free-space target scenes with transmit power as low as 5 pW, providing capability for RCS measurement. C1 [Charvat, Gregory L.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Kempel, Leo C.; Rothwell, Edward J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Coleman, Christopher M.] Integr Applicat Inc, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Mokole, Eric L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Charvat, GL (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. EM gregory.charvat@ll.mit.edu; kempel@egr.msu.edu; rothwell@egr.msu.edu; ccoleman@integrity-apps.com; eric.mokole@nrl.navy.mil OI Kempel, Leo/0000-0002-8888-6197 FU Office of Naval Research [30]; Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare & Combating Terrorism Department FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research, ONR Code 30, the Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare & Combating Terrorism Department. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 58 IS 8 BP 2594 EP 2603 DI 10.1109/TAP.2010.2050424 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 670NV UT WOS:000283432500013 ER PT J AU Singh, V Ajeet, A Kwatra, N Cela, CJ Ziriax, J D'Andrea, J Lazzi, G AF Singh, Vinit Ajeet, Ajeet Kwatra, Nitin Cela, Carlos J. Ziriax, John D'Andrea, John Lazzi, Gianluca TI Computation of Induced Current Densities in the Human Body at Low Frequencies Due to Contact Electrodes Using the ADI-FDTD Method SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE D-H ADI-FDTD; HEMI devices; impedance method; low frequency computational bioelectromagnetics; neuron recruitment volume ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; FORMULATION; DOSIMETRY; EXPOSURE; DEVICES AB We report the use of the alternating direction implicit (ADI) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method in a D-H formulation to compute induced current densities and recruitment volumes in the human body due to contact electrodes for human electromuscular incapacitation devices at frequencies below 200 kHz. A computational model resolution of 1 mm has been used for most of the human body model, including regions proximal to the electrode contact points, while a progressively coarser resolution up to 5 mm is utilized, according to an expanding grid scheme for body regions distant from the source, such as the lower extremities. Using quasi-static assumptions, discrete Fourier transforms have been used to average the electric field values at the desired frequencies for times much shorter than their time periods. The field values induced in the human body were then obtained as ratios with respect to the source, which can be scaled depending on the magnitude. This study suggests that the ADI-FDTD method can be used for the solution of low-frequency large-scale bioelectromagnetic problems. It is shown that, when used with quasi-static assumptions, Fourier series decomposition, and expanding grid, the D-H ADI-FDTD can be an effective computational bioelectromagnetics tool. C1 [Singh, Vinit; Ajeet, Ajeet; Kwatra, Nitin; Cela, Carlos J.; Lazzi, Gianluca] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ziriax, John; D'Andrea, John] USN, Med Res Unit, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM vsingh@ncsu.edu; alnu@ncsu.edu; nkwatra@ncsu.edu; cjcela@ncsu.edu; john.ziriax@brooks.af.mil; john.dandrea@brooks.af.mil; lazzi@utah.edu NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 52 IS 3 BP 537 EP 544 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2009.2039482 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 665XK UT WOS:000283070600005 ER PT J AU Buchner, S Sibley, M Eaton, P Mavis, D McMorrow, D AF Buchner, Stephen Sibley, Michael Eaton, Paul Mavis, David McMorrow, Dale TI Total Dose Effect on the Propagation of Single Event Transients in a CMOS Inverter String SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS - 09) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Bruges, BELGIUM DE CMOS; inverter; laser; single event transient; total ionizing dose ID ERROR RATES; RADIATION; CHAINS; SOI AB Pulsed laser light has been used to reveal how total ionizing dose radiation affects the propagation of single event transients in a string of inverters. By holding the input to the string of inverters at high voltage (1.8 V) during exposure to ionizing radiation, an asymmetry in the threshold voltages of the n-channel transistors is induced, i.e., the inputs to the inverters alternate between high and low voltage, which results in every odd-numbered n-channel transistor experiencing more Total Ionizing Dose (TID) degradation than the even-numbered n-channel transistors. The asymmetry manifests itself as an additional broadening of laser-light induced transients when the input to the string of inverters is set to low voltage and a contraction of the transients when the input is set to high voltage. Exposure of the inverter string to heavy ions with a fixed input voltage resulted in a contraction of the transients, regardless of whether the input was at high or low voltage, behavior that is consistent with the results from pulsed laser testing. C1 [Buchner, Stephen] NASA, Radiat Hardened Elect Grp, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sibley, Michael; Eaton, Paul; Mavis, David] MICRO RDC, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. [McMorrow, Dale] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Buchner, S (reprint author), Global Strategies Grp Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM stephen.buchner.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; david.mavis@micro-rdc.com; mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1805 EP 1810 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2046752 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 665YR UT WOS:000283074500010 ER PT J AU Ferlet-Cavrois, V Kobayashi, D McMorrow, D Schwank, JR Ikeda, H Zadeh, A Flament, O Hirose, K AF Ferlet-Cavrois, V. Kobayashi, D. McMorrow, D. Schwank, J. R. Ikeda, H. Zadeh, A. Flament, O. Hirose, K. TI Large SET Duration Broadening in a Fully-Depleted SOI Technology-Mitigation With Body Contacts SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS - 09) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Bruges, BELGIUM DE Body contacts; floating body effects; propagation induced pulse broadening; single event transient ID SINGLE-EVENT TRANSIENTS; HEAVY-ION IRRADIATION; PULSED-LASER; DIGITAL CMOS; PROPAGATION; TRANSISTORS; MOSFETS; CIRCUITS; INSIGHTS; GENERATION AB Significant floating body effects were measured in 0.2 m fully-depleted SOI resulting in large amounts of single event transient (SET) broadening, i.e., SET duration stretching. The transient response of single transistors and the propagation of single-event transients (SET) in chains of logic gate (inverters and NOR gates) were investigated by using either heavy ion irradiation or focused laser pulses. Single transistors displayed a particularly slow recovery after an ion strike (>100 ns). In logic chains, large amounts of SET duration broadening, up to 30 ps/gate, were measured when the unattenuated rail-to-rail SET propagates to the output of the chain. These floating body effects occur mainly at low frequency. They are induced by the accumulation of majority carriers in the body region which contribute to reduce the threshold voltage of OFF-state transistors. This is a slow phenomenon which takes up to several tenths of a second to build-up. It is demonstrated that floating body effects are reduced when designed with body contacts or when the chain operates at high frequency. C1 [Ferlet-Cavrois, V.; Zadeh, A.] European Space Agcy, ESA ESTEC, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Kobayashi, D.; Ikeda, H.; Hirose, K.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, ISAS JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [McMorrow, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schwank, J. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Flament, O.] CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. RP Ferlet-Cavrois, V (reprint author), European Space Agcy, ESA ESTEC, Postbus 299, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1811 EP 1819 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2048927 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 665YR UT WOS:000283074500011 ER PT J AU Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR McMorrow, D Ferlet-Cavrois, V Dodd, P Heidel, DF Marshall, PW Pellish, JA LaBel, KA Rodbell, KP Hakey, M Flores, RS Swanson, SE Dalton, SM AF Schwank, James R. Shaneyfelt, Marty R. McMorrow, Dale Ferlet-Cavrois, Veronique Dodd, Paul Heidel, David F. Marshall, Paul W. Pellish, Jonathan A. LaBel, Kenneth A. Rodbell, Kenneth P. Hakey, Mark Flores, Richard S. Swanson, Scot E. Dalton, Scott M. TI Estimation of Heavy-Ion LET Thresholds in Advanced SOI IC Technologies From Two-Photon Absorption Laser Measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS - 09) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Bruges, BELGIUM DE Hardness assurance; heavy-ion testing; laser testing; single-event upset; threshold LET; two-photon absorption ID SINGLE-EVENT-UPSET; TRANSIENT-RESPONSE; PULSED-LASER; ENERGY; SRAM; TRANSISTORS; LATCHUP; IMPACT; CELLS AB The laser energy thresholds for SEU for SOI 1-Mbit SRAMs built in Sandia's 0.35-m SOI technology were measured using carrier generation by two-photon absorption. The laser measurements were correlated to heavy-ion threshold LET measurements to determine an empirical relationship between laser energy threshold and heavy-ion threshold LET. This empirical relationship was used to estimate the threshold LETs for other circuits built in Sandia's 0.35-m SOI technology and SRAMs built in IBM's 45 and 65-nm SOI technologies. For an ASIC built in Sandia's 0.35-m SOI technology the estimated threshold from laser measurements was close to the measured heavy-ion threshold LET. However, for a dual-port SRAM also built in Sandia's 0.35-m SOI technology and for the 45- and 65-nm IBM SOI SRAMs, the threshold LETs estimated from laser measurements did not correlate to the measured heavy-ion threshold LETs. For the IBM SRAMs, the likely cause of the discrepancy between the threshold LETs estimated from laser measurements and the threshold LETs measured by heavy-ion testing is due to the laser pulse simultaneously injecting charge into multiple transistors within a memory cell and/or in adjacent memory cells. This is due to the relatively large size of the laser spot size compared to the size of the SEU sensitive volume of the IBM SOI devices. The hardness assurance implications of these results are discussed. C1 [Schwank, James R.; Shaneyfelt, Marty R.; Dodd, Paul; Flores, Richard S.; Swanson, Scot E.; Dalton, Scott M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [McMorrow, Dale] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ferlet-Cavrois, Veronique] ESA ESTEC, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Heidel, David F.; Rodbell, Kenneth P.] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Marshall, Paul W.] NASA, Brookneal, VA 24528 USA. [Pellish, Jonathan A.; LaBel, Kenneth A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hakey, Mark] IBM Syst & Technol Grp, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. RP Schwank, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM shaneymr@sandia.gov; mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; Veronique.Ferlet-Cavrois@esa.int; pedodd@sandia.gov; heidel@us.ibm.com; pwmarshall@aol.com; jonathan.a.pellish@nasa.gov; kenneth.a.label@nasa.gov; rodbell@us.ibm.com; mhakey@us.ibm.com; floresr@sandia.gov; swansose@sandia.gov; smdalto@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1827 EP 1834 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2040754 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 665YR UT WOS:000283074500013 ER PT J AU DasGupta, S McMorrow, D Reed, RA Schrimpf, RD Boos, JB AF DasGupta, Sandeepan McMorrow, Dale Reed, Robert A. Schrimpf, Ronald D. Boos, J. Brad TI Gate Bias Dependence of Single Event Charge Collection in AlSb/InAs HEMTs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS - 09) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Bruges, BELGIUM DE AlSb/InAs; charge collection; HEMT; single event; TCAD ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; INAS AB Single event charge collection in AlSb/InAs HEMTs is shown to depend on the gate bias. Spatial correlation between excess channel carriers and the horizontal field is shown to be the key factor. Hole accumulation in the AlSb buffer layer increases the electron concentration in the two-dimensional electron gas, increasing the collected charge. Potential drop across access regions reduces charge collection towards zero gate bias. A secondary but perceptible dependence on high field electron mobility is demonstrated. C1 [DasGupta, Sandeepan; Reed, Robert A.; Schrimpf, Ronald D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [McMorrow, Dale; Boos, J. Brad] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DasGupta, S (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, VU Stn B 351825, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM sandeepan.dasgupta@van-derbilt.edu; mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; robert.reed@vanderbilt.edu; ron.schrimpf@vanderbilt.edu; boos@nrl.navy.mil RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1856 EP 1860 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2039806 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 665YR UT WOS:000283074500017 ER PT J AU Warner, JH Cress, CD Messenger, SR Walters, RJ Ringel, SA Park, J AF Warner, Jeffrey H. Cress, Cory D. Messenger, Scott R. Walters, Robert J. Ringel, Steve A. Park, Jeongho TI A Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy Study of Electron and Proton Irradiated p(+) n GaAs Diodes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS - 09) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Bruges, BELGIUM DE Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS); displacement damage; electron irradiation; GaAs; introduction rate; irradiation; molecular beam epitaxy (MBE); non-ionizing energy loss (NIEL); proton irradiation; recoil spectrum ID SILICON ION IRRADIATION; DISPLACEMENT DAMAGE; DEFECT INTRODUCTION; ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; SOLAR-CELLS; RADIATION; SEMICONDUCTORS; MECHANISMS; DEVICES; TRAPS AB Defects produced by 0.6 MeV, 1 MeV and 5 MeV electrons are compared with those produced by 2 MeV proton irradiations in p(+) n GaAs diodes using Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS). Following 0.6 and 1 MeV electron irradiation, the measured DLTS spectra matched that of the literature. After 5 MeV electron irradiation, however, a new DLTS peak was observed. The new peak is located on the low temperature side of the common E3 peak. This new electron-induced DLTS peak is assigned to be the same peak produced by proton irradiation and commonly labeled PR4 ''. Further analysis of the DLTS data indicate that the PR4 '' peak is independent of the displacement damage dose deposited but is dependent on the primary recoil energy. C1 [Warner, Jeffrey H.; Cress, Cory D.; Messenger, Scott R.; Walters, Robert J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ringel, Steve A.; Park, Jeongho] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Warner, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Warner@nrl.navy.mil; Cory.Cress@nrl.navy.mil; Scott.Messenger@nrl.navy.mil; Robert.Walters@nrl.navy.mil; Jeongho.Park@wpafb.af.mil RI Cress, Cory/A-8673-2009 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1940 EP 1945 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2046335 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 665YR UT WOS:000283074500028 ER PT J AU Sasao, T Nakahara, H Matsuura, M Kawamura, Y Butler, JT AF Sasao, Tsutomu Nakahara, Hiroki Matsuura, Munehiro Kawamura, Yoshifumi Butler, Jon T. TI A Quaternary Decision Diagram Machine: Optimization of Its Code SO IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE quarternary decision diagram; branching program machine ID LANGUAGE PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLER AB This paper first reviews the trends of VLSI design, focusing on the power dissipation and programmability. Then, we show the advantage of Quarternary Decision Diagrams (QDDs) in representing and evaluating logic functions. That is, we show how QDDs are used to implement QDD machines, which yield high-speed implementations. We compare QDD machines with binary decision diagram (BDD) machines, and show a speed improvement of 1.28-2.02 times when QDDs are chosen. We consider 1-and 2-address BDD machines, and 3- and 4-address QDD machines, and we show a method to minimize the number of instructions. C1 [Sasao, Tsutomu; Nakahara, Hiroki; Matsuura, Munehiro] Kyushu Inst Technol, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. [Kawamura, Yoshifumi] Renesas Elect Corp, Tokyo 1000004, Japan. [Butler, Jon T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sasao@cse.kyutech.ac.jp RI Sasao, Tsutomu/E-9702-2012 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology); U.S. Air Force/CVAQ FX This research is partly supported by The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant in Aid for Scientific Research, and the Knowledge Cluster Initiative (the second stage) of MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology), and by the U.S. Air Force/CVAQ (D. Nussbaum). Discussions with Prof. Shigeki Iwata and Mr. Hisashi Kajiwara were quite helpful. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG PI TOKYO PA KIKAI-SHINKO-KAIKAN BLDG, 3-5-8, SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105-0011, JAPAN SN 1745-1361 J9 IEICE T INF SYST JI IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst. PD AUG PY 2010 VL E93D IS 8 BP 2026 EP 2035 DI 10.1587/transinf.E93.D.2026 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 644AH UT WOS:000281342300002 ER PT J AU Nagayama, S Sasao, T Butler, JT AF Nagayama, Shinobu Sasao, Tsutomu Butler, Jon T. TI A Systematic Design Method for Two-Variable Numeric Function Generators Using Multiple-Valued Decision Diagrams SO IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE two-variable numeric function generators (NFGs); edge-valued multiple-valued decision diagrams (EVMDDs); edge-valued binary decision diagrams (EVBDDs); graph-based representation of numeric functions; programmable memory-based architecture ID ELEMENTARY-FUNCTIONS; HETEROGENEOUS MDDS; REPRESENTATIONS; APPROXIMATION; ALGORITHMS AB This paper proposes a high-speed architecture to realize two-variable numeric functions. It represents the given function as an edge-valued multiple-valued decision diagram (EVMDD), and shows a systematic design method based on the EVMDD. To achieve a design, we characterize a numeric function f by the values of I and p for which f is an l-restricted Mp-monotone increasing function. Here, l is a measure of sub-functions of f and p is a measure of the rate at which f increases with an increase in the dependent variable. For the special case of an EVMDD, the EVBDD, we show an upper bound on the number of nodes needed to realize an l-restricted Mp-monotone increasing function. Experimental results show that all of the two-variable numeric functions considered in this paper can be converted into an l-restricted Mp-monotone increasing function with p = 1 or 3. Thus, they can be compactly realized by EVBDDs. Since EVMDDs have shorter paths and smaller memory size than EVBDDs, EVMDDs can produce fast and compact NFGs. C1 [Nagayama, Shinobu] Hiroshima City Univ, Dept Comp & Network Engn, Hiroshima 7313194, Japan. [Sasao, Tsutomu] Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. [Butler, Jon T.] USN, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nagayama, S (reprint author), Hiroshima City Univ, Dept Comp & Network Engn, Hiroshima 7313194, Japan. EM nagayama@ieee.org; sasao@cse.kyutech.ac.jp; jon_butler@msn.com RI Sasao, Tsutomu/E-9702-2012 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) [200700051]; Hiroshima City University [8108] FX This research is partly supported by the Grant in Aid for Scientific Research of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), funds from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) via Knowledge Cluster Project, the MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B), 200700051, 2009, and Hiroshima City University Grant for Special Academic Research (General Studies), 8108, 2009. The comments of reviewers were helpful in improving this paper. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG PI TOKYO PA KIKAI-SHINKO-KAIKAN BLDG, 3-5-8, SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105-0011, JAPAN SN 1745-1361 J9 IEICE T INF SYST JI IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst. PD AUG PY 2010 VL E93D IS 8 BP 2059 EP 2067 DI 10.1587/transinf.E93.D.2059 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 644AH UT WOS:000281342300006 ER PT J AU Kersten, PR Jansen, RW Ainsworth, TL Toporkov, JV Sletten, MA AF Kersten, P. R. Jansen, R. W. Ainsworth, T. L. Toporkov, J. V. Sletten, M. A. TI Estimating surface water flow speeds using time-frequency methods SO IET SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID MOVING TARGETS AB Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation implicitly assumes that the backscattered returns arise from stationary isotropic targets. When objects move during the SAR integration time, signal anomalies appear that distort, displace and smear moving targets in the image. Although these anomalies degrade the image, they provide the information that allows analysis of the underlying target motion. Joint time-frequency analysis (JTFA) exploits these signal anomalies to estimate the motion of typical point targets. However, the weak, transient returns from water surface scatterers complicate standard JTFA estimates of water surface speeds. A time-frequency representation is applied based on the Capon's spectral estimation technique that allows joint analysis of multiple azimuth lines, thereby increasing the signal-to-clutter ratio of weak scatterers. The authors compare the time-frequency estimate, employing single-phase-centre SAR data, to along-track interferometric SAR estimates of the same flow and show that both the methods produce comparable results. The authors derive the JTFA equations and estimate water surface speed for data collected at a specific imaging geometry. This study highlights the feasibility of using a single-phase-centre SAR system to determine the motion of slow moving distributed targets representative of water flow. C1 [Kersten, P. R.; Jansen, R. W.; Ainsworth, T. L.; Toporkov, J. V.; Sletten, M. A.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kersten, PR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7200, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.kersten@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-9675 J9 IET SIGNAL PROCESS JI IET Signal Process. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 4 IS 4 BP 406 EP 412 DI 10.1049/iet-spr.2009.0074 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 636TY UT WOS:000280766800009 ER PT J AU Jordan, SA AF Jordan, Stephen A. TI Transition to turbulence in the separated shear layers of yawed circular cylinders SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND FLUID FLOW LA English DT Article DE Transition to turbulence; Yawed circular cylinders; Separated shear layers; Large-eddy simulation ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; REYNOLDS-NUMBERS; WAKE; INSTABILITY AB Spatial and temporal resolution of transition to turbulence inside the free-shear layers of two yawed circular cylinders is the subject of the present investigation. These physics were resolved using the large-eddy simulation (LES) methodology. An O-type grid was implemented such that the spatial scales of the LES computation fully resolved the energy range physics of the shear layers at Reynolds number Re(D) = 8000 based on the cylinder diameter. The two test cases modeled the cylinder span skewed at angles 45 degrees and 60 degrees from the horizontal axis. Observations revealed the same transition process as the normal cross-flow state. Soon after separation, Tollmien-Schlichting disturbances were predicted that evolved into Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) eddies before absorption by the large-scale Karman-type vortices. These eddies defaulted to a spanwise wavy pattern similar to a normal cross-flow due to their three-dimensional instability. No mixed modes were found between the K-H (Bloor) and Strouhal frequencies. The effect of yaw angle shortened the transition process. As a result, peak turbulence levels inside the wake formation zone approach the downstream cylinder periphery. In addition, the dimensionless frequencies of the K-H eddies lie above the normal cross-flow relationship as formulated by Bloor (1964). Disparity between the yawed and normal cross-flow states was further emphasized by the shear-layer transition characteristics. Although each property displayed the expected exponential growth during transition to turbulence, their dimensionless form was miss-aligned with those of the normal cross-flow case. Based on the present evidence, additional simulations (and/or experimental measurements) are necessary to form conclusive arguments regarding the expected behavior of the transition characteristics within the free-shear layers of yawed circular cylinders. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02842 USA. RP Jordan, SA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02842 USA. EM stephen.jordan@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport FX The author gratefully acknowledges the support of the Office of Naval Research (Dr. Ronald D. Joslin, Program Officer) and the In-House Laboratory Independent Research Program (Dr. Anthony A. Ruffa, Program Coordinator) at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0142-727X J9 INT J HEAT FLUID FL JI Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow PD AUG PY 2010 VL 31 IS 4 BP 489 EP 498 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2010.04.009 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 625KN UT WOS:000279894200001 ER PT J AU Limbert, J AF Limbert, John TI The Life and Times of the Shah SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MIDDLE EAST STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Limbert, John] USN Acad, Ctr Middle E & Islamic Studies, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Limbert, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Ctr Middle E & Islamic Studies, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM limbert@usna.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0020-7438 J9 INT J MIDDLE E STUD JI Int. J. Middle East Stud. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 BP 532 EP 533 DI 10.1017/S0020743810000711 PG 2 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 632WT UT WOS:000280460800029 ER PT J AU Crum-Cianflone, NF Ren, QA Eberly, LE Ganesan, A Weintrob, A Marconi, V Barthel, RV Agan, BK AF Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. Ren, Qian Eberly, Lynn E. Ganesan, Anuradha Weintrob, Amy Marconi, Vincent Barthel, Robert V. Agan, Brian K. TI Are HIV-Positive Persons Progressing Faster After Diagnosis Over the Epidemic? SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Letter ID SEROCONVERSION C1 [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.; Eberly, Lynn E.; Ganesan, Anuradha; Weintrob, Amy; Marconi, Vincent; Barthel, Robert V.; Agan, Brian K.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Ren, Qian; Eberly, Lynn E.] Univ Minnesota, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Ganesan, Anuradha] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Bethesda, MD USA. [Weintrob, Amy] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Marconi, Vincent] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, San Antonio, TX USA. [Barthel, Robert V.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Infect Dis Clin, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Crum-Cianflone, NF (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014; OI Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669; Eberly, Lynn/0000-0003-4763-330X FU NIAID NIH HHS [Y1-AI-5072, HU0001-05-2-0011, Y01 AI005072]; PHS HHS [HU0001-05-2-0011] NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 54 IS 4 BP E6 EP E7 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181e2d6c1 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 627BR UT WOS:000280013600020 PM 20611033 ER PT J AU Stanlake, C AF Stanlake, Christy TI Mapping the Americas: The Transnational Politics of Contemporary Native Culture SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Stanlake, Christy] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Stanlake, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0021-8758 J9 J AM STUD JI J. Am. Stud. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 44 IS 3 PG 3 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 661RB UT WOS:000282744300034 ER PT J AU Stanlake, C AF Stanlake, Christy TI Native American Performance and Representation SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Stanlake, Christy] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Stanlake, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0021-8758 J9 J AM STUD JI J. Am. Stud. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 44 IS 3 PG 3 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 661RB UT WOS:000282744300035 ER PT J AU Klein, PB Myers-Ward, R Lew, KK VanMil, BL Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK Shrivastava, A Sudarshan, TS AF Klein, P. B. Myers-Ward, R. Lew, K. -K. VanMil, B. L. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Gaskill, D. K. Shrivastava, A. Sudarshan, T. S. TI Recombination processes controlling the carrier lifetime in n(-)4H-SiC epilayers with low Z(1/2) concentrations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-ELECTRON IRRADIATION; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; 4H-SIC EPITAXIAL LAYERS; SURFACE-RECOMBINATION; BULK LIFETIME; INTERFACE RECOMBINATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACES; DEEP LEVELS; VELOCITY AB The dominant recombination processes controlling the carrier lifetime in n-type 4H-SiC epitaxial layers grown with low concentrations of the Z(1/2) defect (the dominant bulk lifetime killer), where Z(1/2) no longer determines the lifetime, have been investigated by studying the variation in the carrier lifetime with temperature. The temperature dependent lifetimes were obtained primarily by low-injection photoluminescence decay for several low-Z(1/2) epilayers over a wide temperature range. The results were fitted to simulations of the temperature dependent recombination rate, where bulk, surface and interface recombination was considered. No significant contribution from other bulk defects was observed, and upper limits to the bulk recombination rate were found to be consistent with the low Z(1/2) concentrations measured in these materials. There was also no significant contribution from carrier capture at the epilayer/substrate interface, which is consistent with behavior expected at low injection for low-doped epilayers grown on n(+) substrates. Corresponding high-injection measurements exhibited very different behavior, consistent with the surface/interface under flat-band conditions. Consequently, it is concluded that for low-Z(1/2) materials, control of the carrier lifetime has not been transferred from Z(1/2) to another bulk defect, but is instead dominated by surface and interface recombination. Simulations suggest that further enhancement of the total lifetime under the high injection conditions of a device structure would require very thick epilayers, effectively passivated surface and interface recombination and a further reduction in the remaining Z(1/2) concentrations. The temperature dependence of the low-injection carrier lifetime was also found to provide a method to estimate the surface band bending and the surface defect density. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3466745] C1 [Klein, P. B.; Myers-Ward, R.; Lew, K. -K.; VanMil, B. L.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shrivastava, A.; Sudarshan, T. S.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Klein, PB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.klein@nrl.navy.mil FU ASEE-NRL FX The authors would like to thank J. Caldwell and O. Glembocki for kindly carrying out supporting optical characterization measurements. Work at the Naval Research Laboratory is partially supported by ONR. KKL and BLV acknowledge the support from the ASEE-NRL Postdoctoral Fellows Program. NR 41 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 3 AR 033713 DI 10.1063/1.3466745 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 638ZQ UT WOS:000280941000057 ER PT J AU Koch, JD Piecuch, S Lightstone, JM Carney, JR Hooper, J AF Koch, Jon D. Piecuch, Scott Lightstone, James M. Carney, Joel R. Hooper, Joe TI Time-resolved measurements of near infrared emission spectra from explosions: Pure pentaerythritol tetranitrate and its mixtures containing silver and aluminum particles SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE barium compounds; critical current density (superconductivity); high-temperature superconductors; intermodulation distortion; lanthanum compounds; laser beam effects; microstrip resonators; superconducting resonators; superconducting thin films; yttrium compounds AB Measurements of chemical transients and thermodynamic conditions are difficult to obtain yet fundamentally important in understanding the behavior of explosives. We have constructed a fast near infrared (NIR) spectrometer and have made temporally and spectrally-resolved emission measurements during postdetonation combustion of pure pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) charges and PETN charges doped with 10 wt % microparticles composed of silver (Ag) and aluminum (Al). We have observed postdetonation PETN emission spectra between 750 and 1500 nm at rates up to 46 992 spectra/s. The instrument captures the highly structured spectra immediately following breakout as well as the longer-lived broadband NIR emission signals from hot particles. The early spectra reveal spectral signatures related to PETN and the reacting constituents of the particles. The later spectra provide a means to infer the gray-body temperature history of the particles. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3437056] C1 [Koch, Jon D.; Piecuch, Scott] Marquette Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. [Lightstone, James M.; Carney, Joel R.; Hooper, Joe] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dept Res & Technol, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Koch, JD (reprint author), Marquette Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. EM jon.koch@mu.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX The authors wish to thank Professor Scott Sanders for his helpful discussions. This work was sponsored by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 3 AR 036101 DI 10.1063/1.3437056 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 638ZQ UT WOS:000280941000151 ER PT J AU Mohammad, SN AF Mohammad, S. Noor TI Contact mechanisms and design principles for (Schottky and Ohmic) metal contacts to semiconductor nanowires SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WIDE TEMPERATURE-RANGE; GAN NANOWIRES; SILICON NANOWIRES; BARRIER HEIGHTS; BAND-GAP; I-V; ELECTRICAL-TRANSPORT; SERIES RESISTANCE; INTERFACE STATES; COHESIVE ENERGY AB Contact mechanisms and design principles for (Ohmic and Schottky) metal (M) contacts to semiconductor nanowires (NWs) have been studied. The NWs have been assumed to be cylindrical. A unified model has been developed for the contacts. The model takes into consideration the amorphicity of the M/NW interface structure, the diameter dependence of the energy band gap, the barrier height modulation, and the fluctuations in both the barrier height and the applied bias. While the fluctuations in the barrier height are assumed to involve band tails, the fluctuations in applied bias are assumed to involve tiny Gaussian peaks. Several different features of the Ohmic and the Schottky contacts have been addressed. These include temperature and dimension dependencies of the current-voltage characteristics, the influence of the M/NW interface on the contact characteristics, the relationship between the barrier height and the ideality factor, and the barrier height reduction as a function of temperature. The model appears to be very general. It seems to explain all experimental results available to date in the literature. The calculated results are almost always in good correspondence with the experimental results. The study seemingly demonstrates an alternative to the doping dependence of the Ohmic contacts. It elucidates the fundamental physics underlying M/NW contacts. It highlights means to yield low-resistivity Ohmic contacts by thermionic emission. It describes design criteria for both Ohmic and Schottky contacts. The design criteria for Ohmic contacts tend to address the long-term reliability concerns for devices. They explain also the behavior of both good and bad Ohmic contacts. All these may be the most striking attributes of the study. These attributes explain why Schottky contacts to NWs, with proper gate modulation, may act also as Schottky barrier transistors. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3446845] C1 [Mohammad, S. Noor] Sciencotech, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Mohammad, S. Noor] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mohammad, SN (reprint author), Sciencotech, 780 Girard St NW, Washington, DC 20001 USA. EM snmohammad2002@yahoo.com NR 79 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 3 AR 034311 DI 10.1063/1.3446845 PG 23 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 638ZQ UT WOS:000280941000104 ER PT J AU Yu, MC AF Yu, Maochun TI Honorable Survivor: Mao's China, McCarthy's America, and the Persecution of John S. Service SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Yu, Maochun] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Yu, MC (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM yu@usna.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0021-9118 J9 J ASIAN STUD JI J. Asian Stud. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 69 IS 3 BP 880 EP 881 DI 10.1017/S0021911810001658 PG 3 WC Area Studies; Asian Studies SC Area Studies; Asian Studies GA 662RG UT WOS:000282828600019 ER PT J AU Lindow, JC Poly, F Tribble, DR Guerry, P Carmolli, MP Baqar, S Porter, CK Pierce, KK Darsley, MJ Sadigh, KS Dill, EA Kirkpatrick, BD AF Lindow, J. C. Poly, F. Tribble, D. R. Guerry, P. Carmolli, M. P. Baqar, S. Porter, C. K. Pierce, K. K. Darsley, M. J. Sadigh, K. S. Dill, E. A. Kirkpatrick, B. D. CA Campylobacter Study Team TI Caught in the Act: In Vivo Development of Macrolide Resistance to Campylobacter jejuni Infection SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLI; MECHANISMS; STABILITY; FITNESS; STRAINS; STATES; FOOD; PCR AB We report the first instance of macrolide resistance developing in vivo following appropriate antibiotic use in a healthy volunteer as a part of a controlled human infection with Campylobacter jejuni. In vivo development of macrolide resistance may be an important contributor to antibiotic resistance in C. jejuni. C1 [Lindow, J. C.; Carmolli, M. P.; Pierce, K. K.; Sadigh, K. S.; Dill, E. A.; Kirkpatrick, B. D.] Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Vaccine Testing Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Lindow, J. C.; Carmolli, M. P.; Pierce, K. K.; Sadigh, K. S.; Dill, E. A.; Kirkpatrick, B. D.] Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Dept Med, Infect Dis Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Poly, F.; Tribble, D. R.; Guerry, P.; Baqar, S.; Porter, C. K.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Enter Dis, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Tribble, D. R.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Darsley, M. J.; Campylobacter Study Team] ACE Biosci, Hillerod, Denmark. RP Lindow, JC (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Vaccine Testing Ctr, 95 Carrigan Dr,110 Stafford Hall, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM janet.lindow@uvm.edu RI Guerry, Patricia/A-8024-2011; OI Lindow, Janet/0000-0003-3235-3698 FU University of Vermont General Clinical Research Center, NIH [MO1 RR000109]; Military Infectious Diseases Research Program; U.S. Naval Research and Development Command Work Unit [6000.RAD1.DA3.A0308] FX This work was supported by the University of Vermont General Clinical Research Center, NIH award MO1 RR000109, and the Military Infectious Diseases Research Program. ACE Biosciences work at NMRC was supported by U.S. Naval Research and Development Command Work Unit 6000.RAD1.DA3.A0308. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 48 IS 8 BP 3012 EP 3015 DI 10.1128/JCM.00768-10 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 634AQ UT WOS:000280550500063 PM 20554818 ER PT J AU Prevey, PS Jayaraman, N Ravindranath, RA Shepard, M AF Prevey, Paul S. Jayaraman, N. Ravindranath, Ravi A. Shepard, Michael TI Mitigation of Fretting Fatigue Damage in Blade and Disk Pressure Faces With Low Plasticity Burnishing SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID SURFACE MODIFICATION; STRESS; TI-6AL-4V AB Low plasticity burnishing (LPB) is now established as a surface enhancement technology capable of introducing through-thickness compressive residual stresses in the edges of gas turbine engine blades and vanes to mitigate foreign object damage (FOD). The "fatigue design diagram" (FDD) method has been described and demonstrated to determine the depth and magnitude of compression required to achieve the optimum high cycle fatigue strength, and to mitigate a given depth of damage characterized by the fatigue stress concentration factor, k(f). LPB surface treatment technology and the FDD method have been combined to successfully mitigate a wide variety of surface damage ranging from FOD to corrosion pits in titanium and steel gas turbine engine compressor and fan components. LPB mitigation of fretting-induced damage in Ti-6Al-4V in laboratory samples has now been extended to fan and compressor components. LPB tooling technology recently developed to allow the processing of the pressure faces of fan and compressor blade dovetails and mating disk slots is described. Fretting-induced microcracks that form at the pressure face edge of bedding on both the blade dovetail and the dovetail disk slots in Ti-6-4 compressor components can now be arrested by the introduction of deep stable compression in conventional computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools during manufacture or overhaul. The compressive residual stress field design method employing the FDD approach developed at Lambda Technologies is described in application to mitigate fretting damage. The depth and magnitude of compression and the fatigue and damage tolerance achieved are presented. It was found that microcracks as deep as 0.030 in. (0.75 mm) large enough to be readily detected by current nondestructive inspection (NDI) technology can be fully arrested by LPB. The depth of compression achieved could allow NDI screening followed by LPB processing of critical components to reliably restore fatigue performance and extend component life. C1 [Prevey, Paul S.; Jayaraman, N.] Lambda Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45227 USA. [Ravindranath, Ravi A.] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Shepard, Michael] WPAFB AFRL MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Prevey, PS (reprint author), Lambda Technol, 3929 Virginia Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45227 USA. EM pprevey@lambdatechs.com; njayaraman@lambdatechs.com; ravi.ravindranath@navy.mil; michael.shepard@wpafb.af.mil NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 15 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2010 VL 132 IS 8 AR 082105 DI 10.1115/1.2943154 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 603BF UT WOS:000278182200008 ER PT J AU Marzocca, P Nichols, JM Milanese, A AF Marzocca, P. Nichols, J. M. Milanese, A. TI An analytical formulation of bispectral densities for multiple degree-of-freedom systems SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Auto-bispectral density; Cross-bispectral density; Higher-Order-Spectra; Nonlinearity; Volterra series ID NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; FUNCTIONAL SERIES; GAUSSIAN INPUTS; SPECTRA AB Expressions for the bispectral density functions for multi-degree-of-freedom spring-mass-damper systems possessing quadratic nonlinearities and subject to Gaussian excitation are derived. The derivation uses a Volterra-series model for the system response and yields expressions for both auto-spectra, where the output of only one degree-of-freedom is used, and cross-spectra, where the bispectral density contains multiple output-response time series. The proposed formulation is used to identify the presence and location of quadratic nonlinearities in multiple degree-of-freedom systems. Results show that the ability to detect and localize nonlinearity is heavily dependent on which particular bispectral density is utilized. C1 [Marzocca, P.; Milanese, A.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Nichols, J. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marzocca, P (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM pmarzocc@clarkson.edu FU ASEE/ONR FX The first author wishes to thank ASEE/ONR Summer Fellowship program for the financial support provided during the summer '07. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0833 J9 J ENG MATH JI J. Eng. Math. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 67 IS 4 BP 351 EP 367 DI 10.1007/s10665-009-9349-0 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 642VT UT WOS:000281249800007 ER PT J AU Landi, BJ Cress, CD Raffaelle, RP AF Landi, Brian J. Cress, Cory D. Raffaelle, Ryne P. TI High energy density lithium-ion batteries with carbon nanotube anodes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CATHODE MATERIALS; ELECTRODES; CAPACITY AB Recent advancements using carbon nanotube electrodes show the ability for multifunctionality as a lithium-ion storage material and as an electrically conductive support for other high capacity materials like silicon or germanium. Experimental data show that replacement of conventional anode designs, which use graphite composites coated on copper foil, with a freestanding silicon-[single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)] anode, can increase the usable anode capacity by up to 20 times. In this work, a series of calculations were performed to elucidate the relative improvement in battery energy density for such anodes paired with conventional LiCoO(2), LiFePO(4), and LiNiCoAlO(2) cathodes. Results for theoretical flat plate prismatic batteries comprising freestanding silicon-SWCNT anodes with conventional cathodes show energy densities of 275 Wh/kg and 600 Wh/L to be theoretically achievable; this is a 50% improvement over today's commercial cells. C1 [Landi, Brian J.; Raffaelle, Ryne P.] Rochester Inst Technol, NanoPower Res Labs, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Cress, Cory D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Landi, BJ (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, NanoPower Res Labs, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM brian.landi@rit.edu RI Cress, Cory/A-8673-2009; OI Cress, Cory/0000-0001-7563-6693 FU U.S. Government and Lockheed Martin; National Research Council FX The authors acknowledge financial support from the U.S. Government and Lockheed Martin. C. Cress acknowledges postdoctoral funding from the National Research Council. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 35 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1636 EP 1644 DI 10.1557/JMR.2010.0209 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 632SG UT WOS:000280447400029 ER PT J AU Ray, R Lizewski, S Fitzgerald, LA Little, B Ringeisen, BR AF Ray, R. Lizewski, S. Fitzgerald, L. A. Little, B. Ringeisen, B. R. TI Methods for imaging Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 nanofilaments SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Nanofilaments; Nanowires; Scanning electron microscopy; Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IV PILI; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; BACTERIAL NANOWIRES; BIOFILM FORMATION; HRP PILUS; FLAGELLA AB Nanofilament production by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was evaluated as a function of lifestyle (planktonic vs. sessile) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions using different sample preparation techniques prior to imaging with scanning electron microscopy. Nanofilaments could be imaged on MR-1 cells grown in biofilms or planktonically under both aerobic and anaerobic batch culture conditions after fixation, critical point drying and coating with a conductive metal. Critical point drying was a requirement for imaging nanofilaments attached to planktonically grown MR-1 cells, but not for cells grown in a biofilm. Techniques described in this paper cannot be used to differentiate nanowires from pill or flagella. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lizewski, S.; Fitzgerald, L. A.; Ringeisen, B. R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ray, R.; Little, B.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, John C Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ringeisen@nrl.navy.mil FU ONR [NRL/JA/7330-10-334] FX This work was funded by ONR Program Element 0601153N (NRL 6.1) number NRL/JA/7330-10-334. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD AUG PY 2010 VL 82 IS 2 BP 187 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2010.05.011 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 629RN UT WOS:000280217500013 PM 20561956 ER PT J AU Zalalutdinov, MK Cross, JD Baldwin, JW Ilic, BR Zhou, WZ Houston, BH Parpia, JM AF Zalalutdinov, Maxim K. Cross, Joshua D. Baldwin, Jeffrey W. Ilic, Bojan R. Zhou, Wenzhe Houston, Brian H. Parpia, Jeevak M. TI CMOS-Integrated RF MEMS Resonators SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE CMOS; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS); radio frequency (RF); resonator; sensor ID OSCILLATOR AB We present a design approach that enables monolithic integration of high-quality-factor (Q) radio-frequency (RF) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) resonators with CMOS electronics. Commercially available CMOS processes that feature two polysilicon layers and field oxide isolation can be used to implement this approach. By using a nonplanar resonator geometry in conjunction with mechanical stress in polycrystalline silicon (poly) gate layers, we create rigid and robust mechanical structures with efficient electromechanical transduction. We demonstrate polysilicon domes with capacitive pickup and arch-bridge resonators with piezoresistive readout. The small footprint of our MEMS structures enables on-chip integration of large arrays of resonators for RF signal processing or sensing applications. Their large surface-to-volume ratio in combination with high rigidity (that alleviates stiction associated with wet chemistry processing) can make these resonators particularly useful for sensors that require surface functionalization. [2009-0223] C1 [Zalalutdinov, Maxim K.] Global Def Technol & Syst Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Cross, Joshua D.; Ilic, Bojan R.; Zhou, Wenzhe; Parpia, Jeevak M.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Zalalutdinov, Maxim K.; Baldwin, Jeffrey W.; Houston, Brian H.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zalalutdinov, MK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM maxim.zalalutdinov@nrl.navy.mil; jdc47@cornell.edu; rob@cnf.cornell.edu; wz85@cornell.edu; houston@code7136.nrl.navy.mil; jeevak@ccmr.cornell.edu RI Ilic, Rob/N-1359-2014 FU Office of Naval Research; Microsystems Technology Office, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [HR0011-06-1-0042] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research and in part by the Microsystems Technology Office, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, under Grant HR0011-06-1-0042. Subject Editor G. K. Fedder. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 BP 807 EP 815 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2010.2049194 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 671WO UT WOS:000283543400009 ER PT J AU Lin, RQ Hoyt, JG AF Lin, Ray-Qing Hoyt, John G., III TI A New Numerical Tool for Fast Ships in Following Seas SO JOURNAL OF OFFSHORE MECHANICS AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID WAVE INTERACTION; MODEL; WATER AB The six-degrees-of-freedom ship motions of a ship at speeds other than zero are always measured in terms of encounter frequency, and often, the incident waves in experimental data are also measured only in the encounter frequency domain. Using these measured data to obtain transfer functions from irregular following sea ship motions is complicated by the combined effects of very low encounter frequencies and the "folding" of the sea spectra. This results in having both overtaking and encountered waves of the same encounter frequency but different wavelengths. Computing transfer functions becomes untenable when the ship speed approaches the wave phase velocity, where the encounter spectrum has a mathematical singularity. St. Denis and Pierson (1953, "On the Motions of Ships in Confused Seas," Soc. Nay. Archit. Mar Eng., Trans., 61, pp. 280-357) suggested the basic relationships between response ship motions or moments that can be developed in the wave frequency domain at the outset. The St. Denis Pierson method is based on a linear theory and works well when the ship response regime is linear or weakly nonlinear However, for high-speed craft operating at different headings where the problems are nonlinear; especially strongly nonlinear, the St. Denis Pierson assumptions will break down inducing error (1953, "On the Motions of Ships in Confused Seas," Soc. Nay. Archit. Mar Eng., Trans., 61, pp. 280-357). Furthermore, using the frequency resolution method to remove the singularity point may also induce errors, especially when the singularity point is located near the peak of stationary frequency. How to obtain the correct frequency resolution in the local region of singularity point is still an unsolved problem. In this study, we will propose a new method capable of predicting ship response motions for crafts with nonlinear or strongly nonlinear behaviors quantitatively. For example, using this method, one can use measured ship motion data in head seas to predict the motions of the ship at high speed in following seas. The new method has six steps, including using a filter to eliminate those unexpected modes that are not from incident waves, inertial motions, or nonlinear interactions, and applying a higher-order Taylor expansion to eliminate the singularity point. We refer to the new method as the Lin-Hoyt method, which agrees reasonably well with computations of the nonlinear "digital, self-consistent, ship experimental laboratory ship motion model," also known as DiSSEL (2006, "Numerical Modeling of Nonlinear Interactions Between Ships and Surface Gravity Waves II: Ship Boundary Condition," J. Ship Res., 50(2), pp. 181-186). We also use experimental head sea data to validate the simulations of DiSSEL. The Lin-Hoyt method is fast and inexpensive. The differences in the results of the numerical simulations obtained by the Lin-Hoyt method and other linear methods diverge rapidly with increased forward ship speed due to the nonlinearity of ship motion responses. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4000502] C1 [Lin, Ray-Qing; Hoyt, John G., III] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Dept Hydromech, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Lin, RQ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Dept Hydromech, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. FU NSWC [2120]; David Taylor; Model Basin; Carderock Division; Naval Surface Warfare Center; Independent Laboratory In-House Research (ILIR) FX This work is supported by NSWC Code 2120, Marine Corp. Projects Office administered by Mr. Rodney Peterson and the AAV. Program Office administered by Mr. Bryan Prosser.; The development of DiSSEL ship motion model is supported by David Taylor, Model Basin, Carderock Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center, and Independent Laboratory In-House Research (ILIR) Program administered by Dr. Barkyoumb. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0892-7219 J9 J OFFSHORE MECH ARCT JI J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2010 VL 132 IS 3 AR 031602 DI 10.1115/1.4000502 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 646FF UT WOS:000281522200011 ER PT J AU Lovald, S Baack, B Gaball, C Olson, G Hoard, A AF Lovald, Scott Baack, Bret Gaball, Curtis Olson, Garth Hoard, Anna TI Biomechanical Optimization of Bone Plates Used in Rigid Fixation of Mandibular Symphysis Fractures SO JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL FINITE-ELEMENT; ANGLE FRACTURES; OSTEOSYNTHESIS; REDUCTION; SYSTEMS AB Purpose: To design and optimize a bone plate for fractures of the mandibular symphysis that will provide maximum fracture stability with minimal implanted volume and patient intrusion. The design will be driven by the unique biomechanics specific to this fracture location. Materials and Methods: A finite element model of a fractured human mandible was created using computed tomography scans. The boundary conditions included simulating molar, canine, and incisal loading. The bone plate design process included a shape optimization routine and design parameter analysis using the model. The optimized bone plate design was finally compared with standard bone plate configurations according to stress and strain measures. Results: Compared with the miniplate combination, the Inter Flex III plate, with the same thickness and just 14% more implanted volume, had only 55% of the plate stress and 25% less fracture strain under the strongest loads considered by the model. Compared with the band/fracture plate combination, the Inter Flex plate had 88% of the fracture strain and 74% of the plate stress, despite having only 60% of the plate volume. Conclusions: The results have demonstrated that the new optimized plate is a hybrid of fixation hardware with the small profile of the smallest miniplate configuration and the superior fixation strength and safety that exceeds that of the larger fracture plate configuration. (c) 2010 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 68:1833-1841, 2010 C1 [Lovald, Scott] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. [Baack, Bret] Univ New Mexico, Dept Surg, Div Plast Surg, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. [Gaball, Curtis] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Sect Facial Plast & Reconstruct Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Olson, Garth; Hoard, Anna] Univ New Mexico, Dept Surg, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Lovald, S (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, 306 Walter St SE,1, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. EM lovalds@hotmail.com NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0278-2391 J9 J ORAL MAXIL SURG JI J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 68 IS 8 BP 1833 EP 1841 DI 10.1016/j.joms.2009.09.108 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 635TT UT WOS:000280680200019 PM 20537782 ER PT J AU Finneran, JJ Schlundt, CE AF Finneran, James J. Schlundt, Carolyn E. TI Frequency-dependent and longitudinal changes in noise-induced hearing loss in a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) (L) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TEMPORARY THRESHOLD SHIFT; EXPOSURE; TONES; SENSITIVITY; POTENTIALS; EAR AB Temporary threshold shift (TTS) was measured in a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) after exposure to 16-s tones at 3 and 20 kHz to examine the effects of exposure frequency on the onset and growth of TTS. Thresholds were measured approximately one-half octave above the exposure frequency using a behavioral response paradigm featuring an adaptive staircase procedure. Preliminary data provide evidence of frequency-specific differences in TTS onset and growth, and increased susceptibility to auditory fatigue after exposure to 3-kHz tones compared to data obtained two years earlier. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3458814] C1 [Finneran, James J.] USN, Marine Mammal Program, Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific Code 7151, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Schlundt, Carolyn E.] ITT Corp, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. RP Finneran, JJ (reprint author), USN, Marine Mammal Program, Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific Code 7151, 53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX We thank R. Dear, L. Green, E. Robinson, M. Tormey, H. Aihara, and M. Sloan for animal training and logistics support and D. Houser and B. Branstetter for helpful discussions on the manuscript. Financial support was provided by the U.S. Office of Naval Research, Marine Mammal Science and Technology Program (Code 32). The study followed a protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 13 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 128 IS 2 BP 567 EP 570 DI 10.1121/1.3458814 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 636UY UT WOS:000280769800009 PM 20707425 ER PT J AU Zhu, X Yee, JH Swartz, WH Talaat, ER Coy, L AF Zhu, Xun Yee, Jeng-Hwa Swartz, William H. Talaat, Elsayed R. Coy, Lawrence TI A Spectral Parameterization of Drag, Eddy Diffusion, and Wave Heating for a Three-Dimensional Flow Induced by Breaking Gravity Waves SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ELIASSEN-PALM FLUX; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; PLANETARY-WAVES; MOUNTAIN WAVES; DIURNAL TIDE; MESOSPHERE; PROPAGATION AB There are three distinct processes by which upward-propagating gravity waves influence the large-scale dynamics and energetics of the middle atmosphere: (i) nonlocalized transport of momentum through wave propagation in three dimensions that remotely redistributes atmospheric momentum in both zonal and meridional directions from wave generation to wave dissipation regions; (ii) localized diffusive transport of momentum, heat, and tracers due to mixing induced by wave breaking; and (iii) localized transport of heat by perturbing wave structures due to dissipation that redistributes the thermal energy within a finite domain. These effects become most significant for breaking waves when momentum drag, eddy diffusion, and wave heating- the "breaking trinity"-are all imposed on the background state. This paper develops a 3D parameterization scheme that self-consistently includes the breaking trinity in large-scale numerical models. The 3D parameterization scheme is developed based on the general relationship between the wave action flux and the subgrid-scale momentum and heat fluxes developed by Zhu in 1987 and a mapping approximation between the wave source spectrum and momentum deposition distribution developed by Alexander and Dunkerton in 1999. For a set of given input wind and temperature profiles at each model grid, the parameterization scheme outputs the vertical profiles of the subgrid-scale force terms together with the eddy diffusion coefficients in the momentum and energy equations for a 3D background flow. C1 [Zhu, Xun; Yee, Jeng-Hwa; Swartz, William H.; Talaat, Elsayed R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Coy, Lawrence] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhu, X (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM xun.zhu@jhuapl.edu RI Swartz, William/A-1965-2010; Zhu, Xun/C-2097-2016 OI Swartz, William/0000-0002-9172-7189; Zhu, Xun/0000-0001-7860-6430 FU NASA [NAS5-97179, NNG05GG57G, NNX09AH77G]; NSF [ATM-0730158, ATM-0640864] FX The authors wish to thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the original manuscript. Xun Zhu wishes to thank Hans G. Mayr for helpful discussions and suggestions in this study. This research was supported by the TIMED project sponsored by NASA under Contract NAS5-97179, NASA Grants NNG05GG57G and NNX09AH77G, and in part by NSF Grants ATM-0730158 and ATM-0640864 to The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. NR 72 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 67 IS 8 BP 2520 EP 2536 DI 10.1175/2010JAS3302.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 645WY UT WOS:000281498100007 ER PT J AU Talmy, IG Zaykoski, JA Opeka, MM AF Talmy, I. G. Zaykoski, J. A. Opeka, M. M. TI Synthesis, processing and properties of TaC-TaB2-C ceramics SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Aerospace Materials for Extreme Environments CY AUG 03-05, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP USAF Off Sci Res DE Sintering; Microstructure; Carbides; Carbon; Borides ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TANTALUM CARBIDE; DIFFUSION; CARBON; DENSIFICATION; SYSTEMS AB Multi-phase ceramics in the TaC-TaB2-C system were prepared from TaC and B4C mixtures by reactive pressureless sintering at 1700-1900 degrees C The pressureless densification was promoted by the use of nano-TaC and by the presence of active carbon in the reaction products. The presence of TaB2 inhibited gram growth of TaC and Increased the hardness compared to pure TaC. If a coarse TaC powder was used, the compositions did not densify In contrast, pure nano-TaC was pressureless sintered at 1800 degrees C by the addition of 2 wt.% carbon introduced as carbon black or graphite The introduction of carbon black resulted in fully dense TaC ceramics at temperatures as low as 1500 degrees C. The grain size of nominally pure TaC ceramics was a strong function of carbon stoichiometry. Enhanced grain size in sub-stoichiometric TaC, compared to stoichiometric TaC, was observed Additional work is necessary to optimize processing parameters and evaluate the properties of ceramics in the TaC-TaB2-C system. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Talmy, I. G.; Zaykoski, J. A.; Opeka, M. M.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Talmy, IG (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd W, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 33 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 30 IS 11 SI SI BP 2253 EP 2263 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.01.032 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 621IO UT WOS:000279569900013 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, LA Wu, PK Gurnon, JR Biffinger, JC Ringeisen, BR Van Etten, JL AF Fitzgerald, Lisa A. Wu, Peter K. Gurnon, James R. Biffinger, Justin C. Ringeisen, Bradley R. Van Etten, James L. TI Isolation of the phycodnavirus PBCV-1 by biological laser printing SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Chlorella virus PBCV-1; Phycodnaviridae; Chlorella NC64A; Biological laser printing (BioLP) ID PROTEIN MICROARRAYS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SEQUENCE; VIRUS; CELLS; PATTERNS; COMMUNITIES; ANNOTATION; VIABILITY AB The Phycodnaviridae family of viruses is diverse genetically but similar morphologically. These viruses infect eukaryotic algal hosts from both fresh and marine waters, and are an Important component of aqueous environments. They play important roles in the dynamics of algal blooms, nutrient cycling, algal community structure, and possibly gene transfer between organisms As such, it is important to identify new viruses within the Phycodnaviridae family. Biological laser printing (BioLP) was used to Isolate single virus particles from solution. BioLP prints droplets containing a single virus particle directly onto a host medium, thereby enabling viruses to be isolated from unmodified samples This manuscript demonstrates how BioLP can be used as a single-step method to separate and possibly identify viruses from complex environmental specimens Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fitzgerald, Lisa A.; Wu, Peter K.; Biffinger, Justin C.; Ringeisen, Bradley R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gurnon, James R.; Van Etten, James L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Van Etten, James L.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Virol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Fitzgerald, LA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6113, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research through Naval Research Laboratory [PE 62236N]; Public Health Service [GM32441]; National Center for Research Resources (JLVE) [P20RR15635]; National Research Council FX This investigation was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research through Naval Research Laboratory 6.2 funds PE#62236N (BRR), Public Health Service Grant GM32441 (JLVE) and NIH grant P20RR15635 from the COBRE program of the National Center for Research Resources (JLVE). LAF was supported by a National Research Council research associateship. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD AUG PY 2010 VL 167 IS 2 BP 223 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.04.005 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 621HT UT WOS:000279567400019 PM 20399229 ER PT J AU Ryan, JP Johnson, SB Sherman, A Rajan, K Py, F Thomas, H Harvey, JBJ Bird, L Paduan, JD Vrijenhoek, RC AF Ryan, J. P. Johnson, S. B. Sherman, A. Rajan, K. Py, F. Thomas, H. Harvey, J. B. J. Bird, L. Paduan, J. D. Vrijenhoek, R. C. TI Mobile autonomous process sampling within coastal ocean observing systems SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID INTERMEDIATE NEPHELOID LAYERS; MARINE INVERTEBRATE LARVAE; POPULATION CONNECTIVITY; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; ATLANTIC BIGHT; BIVALVE LARVAE; MONTEREY BAY; TRANSPORT; NUTRIENT AB Predicting when and where key oceanic processes will be encountered is problematic in dynamic coastal waters where diverse physical, chemical, and biological factors interact in varied and rapidly changing combinations. Defining key processes often requires efficient sampling of specific water masses and prompt sample return for subsequent analyses. This compound challenge motivated our efforts to develop mobile autonomous process sampling (MAPS) for use with autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). With this system, features are recognized by artificial intelligence that integrates AUV sensor data to estimate probabilistic states for adaptive control of survey navigation and triggering of targeted water samplers. To demonstrate the utility of the MAPS/AUV system, we focused on intermediate nepheloid layers (INLs), episodic transport events that may play a role in zooplankton ecology. During multiple field tests in Monterey Bay, California, the MAPS/AUV system recognized, mapped, and sampled INLs. Invertebrate larvae contained in the water samples were subsequently characterized with molecular probes developed for high-throughput screening. Preliminary results support the hypothesis that INLs function as vehicles for episodic larval transport. Applying MAPS within a greater coastal ocean observing system permitted description of regional oceanographic dynamics that influenced the patterns and scales of INL and larval transport. C1 [Ryan, J. P.; Johnson, S. B.; Sherman, A.; Rajan, K.; Py, F.; Thomas, H.; Harvey, J. B. J.; Bird, L.; Vrijenhoek, R. C.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Paduan, J. D.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Ryan, JP (reprint author), 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM ryjo@mbari.org FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX This research was funded by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. We thank the MBARI AUV and R/V Zephyr teams for support of AUV operations. MODIS Level 1 data were provided by the LAADS data system; data processing was enabled by the NASA SeaDAS team and the MODIS Ocean Biology Processing Group. HF radar data were provided by the Central and Northern California Ocean Observing System (CeNCOOS). NR 32 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 8 BP 394 EP 402 DI 10.4319/lom.2010.8.394 PG 9 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 678UJ UT WOS:000284106600003 ER PT J AU Lewis, RB Lattin, GE Makhlouf, HR Levy, AD AF Lewis, Rachel B. Lattin, Grant E., Jr. Makhlouf, Hala R. Levy, Angela D. TI Tumors of the Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Ducts: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Liver; Hepatic neoplasms; Magnetic resonance imaging ID FOCAL NODULAR HYPERPLASIA; MR-IMAGING FEATURES; SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR; NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; HEPATIC ANGIOMYOLIPOMA; BILIARY CYSTADENOMA; EPITHELIOID HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA; GADOBENATE DIMEGLUMINE; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE AB Primary tumors of the liver can be classified pathologically based on their cell of origin into epithelial tumors, arising from hepatocytes or biliary epithelium, and non-epithelial tumors, including mesenchymal tumors and lymphoma. Characteristic findings on MR imaging can be seen in many cases. This article reviews the MR imaging appearance of these tumors with pathologic correlation. C1 [Lewis, Rachel B.; Lattin, Grant E., Jr.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. [Lewis, Rachel B.] USN, Dept Radiol, Natl Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Lewis, Rachel B.; Lattin, Grant E., Jr.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Makhlouf, Hala R.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Div Hepat & Gastrointestinal Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. [Levy, Angela D.] Georgetown Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Lewis, RB (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, 6825 16th St NW, Washington, DC 20306 USA. EM rachel.lewis@med.navy.mil NR 91 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 1064-9689 J9 MAGN RESON IMAGING C JI Magn. Reson. Imaging Clin. N. Am. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3 BP 587 EP + DI 10.1016/j.mric.2010.08.010 PG 24 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 701VF UT WOS:000285851200015 PM 21094457 ER PT J AU Yang, WY Dall, TM Zhang, YD Hogan, PF Arday, DR Gantt, CJ AF Yang, Wenya Dall, Timothy M. Zhang, Yiduo Hogan, Paul F. Arday, David R. Gantt, Cynthia J. TI Disease Management 360 degrees A Scorecard Approach to Evaluating TRICARE's Programs for Asthma, Congestive Heart Failure, and Diabetes SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE disease management; scorecard; predictive model; TRICARE; effect size ID CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; BALANCED SCORECARD; HEALTH-CARE; REGRESSION; PERFORMANCE AB Objective: To assess the effect of TRICARE's asthma, congestive heart failure, and diabetes disease management programs using a scorecard approach. Evaluation Measures: Patient healthcare utilization, financial, clinical, and humanistic outcomes. Absolute measures were translated into effect size and incorporated into a scorecard. Research Design: Actual outcomes for program participants were compared with outcomes predicted in the absence of disease management. The predictive equations were established from regression models based on historical control groups (n = 39,217). Z scores were calculated for the humanistic measures obtained through a mailed survey. Data Collection Methods: Administrative records containing medical claims, patient demographics and characteristics, and program participation status were linked using an encrypted patient identifier (n = 57,489). The study time frame is 1 year prior to program inception through 2 years afterward (October 2005-September 2008). A historical control group was identified with the baseline year starting October 2003 and a 1-year follow-up period starting October 2004. A survey was administered to a subset of participants 6 months after baseline assessment (39% response rate). Results: Within the observation window-24 months for asthma and congestive heart failure, and 15 months for the diabetes program-we observed modest reductions in hospital days and healthcare cost for all 3 programs and reductions in emergency visits for 2 programs. Most clinical outcomes moved in the direction anticipated. Conclusions: The scorecard provided a useful tool to track performance of 3 regional contractors for each of 3 diseases and over time. C1 [Yang, Wenya; Dall, Timothy M.; Zhang, Yiduo; Hogan, Paul F.] Lewin Grp, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. [Arday, David R.] TRICARE Management Act, Populat Hlth & Med Management Div, Off Chief Med Officer, Falls Church, VA USA. [Gantt, Cynthia J.] USN Hosp Guam, Agana, GU USA. RP Yang, WY (reprint author), Lewin Grp, 3130 Fairview Pk Dr,Suite 800, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. EM grace.yang@lewin.com FU Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense; TRICARE Management Activity; Health Program Analysis; Evaluation Division (HPAE); Office of the Chief Medical Officer (OCMO) FX Supported by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, TRICARE Management Activity, the Health Program Analysis and Evaluation Division (HPA&E), and the Office of the Chief Medical Officer (OCMO), Falls Church, VA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD AUG PY 2010 VL 48 IS 8 BP 683 EP 693 DI 10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181e419c9 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 628JM UT WOS:000280115700004 PM 20613658 ER PT J AU Sharghi-Moshtaghin, R Kahn, H Ge, YD Gu, XT Martin, FJ Natishan, PM Rayne, RJ Michal, GM Ernst, F Heuer, AH AF Sharghi-Moshtaghin, Reza Kahn, Harold Ge, Yindong Gu, Xiaoting Martin, Farrel J. Natishan, Paul M. Rayne, Roy J. Michal, Gary M. Ernst, Frank Heuer, Arthur H. TI Low-Temperature Carburization of the Ni-base Superalloy IN718: Improvements in Surface Hardness and Crevice Corrosion Resistance SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; PARAEQUILIBRIUM CARBURIZATION; CARBON SUPERSATURATION; NICKEL; DIFFUSION; CHROMIUM; ALLOY; PRECIPITATION; INCONEL-718; VOLUME AB "Case-hardening" of the Ni-base superalloy IN718 has been achieved by low-temperature gas-phase carburization. After carburization under optimum conditions, the hardened surface layer (the "case") has about twice the hardness of the core (HV of a parts per thousand 800) and contains a parts per thousand 12 at pct carbon in interstitial solid solution. This causes a lattice parameter expansion of a parts per thousand 1 pct perpendicular to the surface and, because of the mechanical constraint provided by the noncarburized core below, develops a large biaxial surface compressive residual stress (a parts per thousand 1.9 GPa) parallel to the surface. Microstructural studies and X-ray diffractometry reveal no carbide precipitates in the case. In agreement with this observation, low-temperature carburization does not compromise the ductility and actually improves the crevice corrosion resistance of the alloy. C1 [Sharghi-Moshtaghin, Reza; Kahn, Harold; Ge, Yindong; Gu, Xiaoting; Michal, Gary M.; Ernst, Frank; Heuer, Arthur H.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Martin, Farrel J.; Natishan, Paul M.; Rayne, Roy J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sharghi-Moshtaghin, R (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM heuer@ca-se.edu RI Ernst, Frank/J-4016-2013; OI Ernst, Frank/0000-0002-4823-2041 FU DARPA; Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Leo Christodoulou, DARPA. We thank Sunniva Collins, Steven Marx, and Peter Williams for constructive discussions and the Swagelok Company for carburization of the specimens and for hardness measurements. This research was supported financially by DARPA and the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 41A IS 8 BP 2022 EP 2032 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0299-y PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 614UZ UT WOS:000279086600017 ER PT J AU Silveira, ACG Robertson, KL Lin, BC Wang, Z Vora, GJ Vasconcelos, ATR Thompson, FL AF Silveira, Ana Cristina G. Robertson, Kelly L. Lin, Baochuan Wang, Zheng Vora, Gary J. Vasconcelos, Ana Tereza R. Thompson, Fabiano L. TI Identification of non-coding RNAs in environmental vibrios SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE-EXPRESSION; SOLUBLE-RNAS; BACTERIA; CHOLERAE; MECHANISM; IDENTIFY; HARVEYI; ANTISILENCER; CHROMOSOME AB The discovery of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) has been mainly limited to laboratory model systems and human pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we begin to explore the ncRNA diversity in four recently sequenced environmental Vibrio species (Vibrio alginolyticus 40B, Wino communis 1DA3, Vibrio mimicus VM573 and Vibrio campbellii BAA-1116) by performing in silico searches using Infernal and Rfam for the identification of putative ncRNA-encoding genes This search method resulted in the identification of 31-38 putative ncRNA genes per species and the total ncRNA catalogue spanned an assortment of regulatory mechanisms (riboswitches, cis-encoded ncRNAs, trans-encoded ncRNAs, modulators of protein activity, ribonucleoproteins, transcription termination ncRNAs and unknown). We chose to experimentally validate the identifications for V campbellii BAA-1116 using a microarray-based expression profiling strategy. Transcript hybridization to tiled probes targeting annotated V. campbellii BAA-1116 intergenic regions revealed that 21 of the 38 predicted ncRNA genes were expressed in mid-exponential-phase cultures grown in nutrient-rich medium. The microarray findings were confirmed by testing a subset of three highly expressed (6S, tmRNA and TPP-2) and three moderately expressed (CsrB, GcvB and purine) ncRNAs via reverse transcription PCR. Our findings provide new information on the diversity of ncRNA in environmental vibrios while simultaneously promoting a more accurate annotation of genomic intergenic regions C1 [Silveira, Ana Cristina G.; Thompson, Fabiano L.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Microbiol Lab, Inst Biol, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Silveira, Ana Cristina G.; Vasconcelos, Ana Tereza R.] Natl Lab Sci Comp LNCC, Petropolis, RJ, Brazil. [Lin, Baochuan; Wang, Zheng; Vora, Gary J.; Vasconcelos, Ana Tereza R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thompson, FL (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Microbiol Lab, Inst Biol, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RI Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009; Vasconcelos, Ana Tereza/I-1011-2012 OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785; Vasconcelos, Ana Tereza/0000-0002-4632-2086 FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico c Tecnologico (CNPq); Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior's (CAPES); US Embassy; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); International Foundation for Science (IFS) FX A C G S, A T R. V. and F L T acknowledge the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico c Tecnologico (CNPq), Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior's (CAPES), US Embassy, Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), and International Foundation for Science (IFS) for funding. G J V acknowledges funding from the Office of Naval Research via US Naval Research Laboratory core funds NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD AUG PY 2010 VL 156 BP 2452 EP 2458 DI 10.1099/mic.0.039149-0 PN 8 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 642TA UT WOS:000281239600018 PM 20447992 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB Grasso, I Maslowski, K AF Johnson, W. Brad Grasso, Ian Maslowski, Kate TI Conflicts Between Ethics and Law for Military Mental Health Providers SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PSYCHOLOGY; WAR AB Military mental health providers routinely experience mixed-agency ethical dilemmas when obligations to patients and the military conflict. Particularly difficult mixed-agency dilemmas occur when a military psychiatrist, psychologist, or social worker encounters an apparent conflict between an ethical obligation-enumerated in a professional code of ethics-and a federal statute. This article explores ethical-legal conflicts for uniformed mental health providers. Three case vignettes illustrate situations in which military providers may find themselves stuck between incongruent ethical and legal demands. The authors conclude with several recommendations designed to prevent and resolve ethical-legal conflicts for military mental health providers. C1 [Johnson, W. Brad; Grasso, Ian; Maslowski, Kate] USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall,Stop 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 175 IS 8 BP 548 EP 553 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 632VB UT WOS:000280456000004 PM 20731257 ER PT J AU Britch, SC Linthicum, KJ Wynn, WW Walker, TW Farooq, M Smith, VL Robinson, CA Lothrop, BB Snelling, M Gutierrez, A Lothrop, HD AF Britch, Seth C. Linthicum, Kenneth J. Wynn, Wayne W. Walker, Todd W. Farooq, Muhammad Smith, Vincent L. Robinson, Cathy A. Lothrop, Branka B. Snelling, Melissa Gutierrez, Arturo Lothrop, Hugh D. TI Residual Mosquito Barrier Treatments on US Military Camouflage Netting in a Southern California Desert Environment SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 75th Annual Meeting of the American-Mosquito-Control-Association CY APR 06, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Mosquito Control Assoc ID FIELD-EVALUATION; MALARIA VECTORS; INSECTICIDE; BIFENTHRIN; PERMETHRIN; PROTECTION; VEGETATION; AUSTRALIA; MALATHION; DIPTERA AB Treating perimeters of vegetation with residual insecticides for protection from mosquito vectors has potential for U.S. military force health protection. However, for current U.S. military operations in hot-arid environments with little or no vegetation, residual applications on portable artificial materials may be a viable alternative. We evaluated bifenthrin residual treatments of U.S. military camouflage netting under hot-arid field conditions in a desert area in southern California exposed to abundant wild Culex tarsalis mosquitoes. We assessed the ability of the treatment to reduce the numbers of mosquitoes penetrating perimeters of netting and reaching CO(2)-baited mosquito traps. Treated camouflage netting barriers reduced mosquitoes by >= 50% for 7-14 days and by 20-35% for 21-28 days compared to untreated barriers. Although reductions may be translated into reductions in risk of exposure to mosquito-borne diseases, we emphasize that barrier treatments should be a component in a suite of insect control measures to be effective. C1 [Britch, Seth C.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.; Wynn, Wayne W.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Walker, Todd W.; Farooq, Muhammad; Smith, Vincent L.; Robinson, Cathy A.] USN, Air Stn, Navy Entomol Ctr Excellence, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. [Lothrop, Branka B.; Snelling, Melissa; Gutierrez, Arturo] Coachella Valley Mosquito & Vector Control Dist, Indio, CA 92201 USA. [Lothrop, Hugh D.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Ctr Vectorborne Dis, Arbovirus Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Britch, SC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 175 IS 8 BP 599 EP 606 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 632VB UT WOS:000280456000012 PM 20731265 ER PT J AU Shen-Gunther, J Shank, JJ AF Shen-Gunther, Jane Shank, Jessica J. TI Nerve-Sparing Radical Hysterectomy Using Modern Bipolar Electrosurgical Instruments Based on the ForceTriad Energy Platform SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Armed Forces District of the American-College-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY OCT 12-15, 2008 CL Norfolk, VA SP Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Armed Forces Dist ID CERVICAL-CANCER; COMPLICATIONS; DISSECTION; RECURRENCE; SURGERY; IIA AB Objective: To describe and evaluate a novel technique of nerve-sparing radical abdominal hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy (NSRH/PLND) using the bipolar Ligasure Atlas sealer/divider and Bissenger bipolar shears. Methods: Retrospective study of 4 consecutive patients who underwent NSRH/PLND for stage IB1-IIB cervical carcinoma was conducted. Resection of the cardinal and uterosacral ligaments was performed with the Ligasure Atlas. Pelvic autonomic nerve dissection and lymphadenectomy were completed with the bipolar shears. Outcomes were collectively analyzed. Results: Mean operative time was 251 minutes (range, 230-265). Blood loss averaged 625 mL (range, 400-900). Average LOS was 5 days (range, 4-5). Average duration until normal postvoid residual volume was 17 days (range, 10-24). No perioperative complications were encountered. Conclusion: Bipolar surgical instrumentation offers many advantages. The Ligasure Atlas provides efficient sealing and division of vascular pedicles, while the bipolar shears allow precise and fine dissection. Our results demonstrate the "bipolar sealer and shears technique" a preferable method of NSRH/PLND. C1 [Shen-Gunther, Jane] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Gynecol Oncol Serv, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Shen-Gunther, Jane] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Shank, Jessica J.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Shen-Gunther, J (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Gynecol Oncol Serv, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 175 IS 8 BP 610 EP 615 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 632VB UT WOS:000280456000014 PM 20731267 ER PT J AU Kleyensteuber, B Ruterbusch, V Bennett, J Llewellyn, D Loeffler, G AF Kleyensteuber, Brian Ruterbusch, Victor Bennett, Jason Llewellyn, David Loeffler, George TI Limbic Encephalitis Presenting With Seizures, Anterograde Amnesia, and Psychosis in a Patient Seven Weeks Status Post Immature Ovarian Teratoma Removal SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PARANEOPLASTIC ENCEPHALITIS; RECEPTOR ANTIBODIES AB A paraneoplastic syndrome associated with anti-N-methyl-D-asparate (NMDA) receptors can initially present as a neurologic or psychiatric disturbance. Removal of the tumor is usually curative, and the syndrome is associated with the presence, rather than the history, of tumor. We present a case in which a 25-year-old, Hispanic woman presented with seizures, memory loss, and unusual behavioral changes. The woman had a teratoma removed 2 months earlier. Because of the time course, a paraneoplastic syndrome was initially considered unlikely. Brain imaging, electroencephalography (EEG) and neurologic work-up were negative. The patient was treated for a suspected somatoform disorder and psychosis. Based on the clinical picture, the working diagnosis was changed to delirium due to paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. A course of intravenous immunoglobins (IVIg), and high dose steroids was administered. The patient's symptoms improved, and she was discharged home. After discharge, studies came back positive for antibodies against NR1/NR2 of the NMDA receptor. C1 [Kleyensteuber, Brian; Bennett, Jason; Loeffler, George] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Mental Hlth, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Llewellyn, David] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Ruterbusch, Victor] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Mental Hlth, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Kleyensteuber, B (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Mental Hlth, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 175 IS 8 BP 616 EP 618 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 632VB UT WOS:000280456000015 PM 20731268 ER PT J AU Fernandez, WG Biswas, AK AF Fernandez, William G. Biswas, Abhik K. TI Myocardial Infarction Associated With Sibutramine Use: Case Report and Discussion SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB We present the case of a young woman presenting to a military field hospital in Afghanistan with a non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) associated with the diet drug sibutramine. We also provide a brief literature review on the association between sibutramine and myocardial infarction. C1 [Fernandez, William G.; Biswas, Abhik K.] Kandahar Air Field, NATO Role Multinat Med Unit 3, Kandahar, Afghanistan. [Fernandez, William G.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Biswas, Abhik K.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Pulm Crit Care, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Fernandez, WG (reprint author), Kandahar Air Field, NATO Role Multinat Med Unit 3, Kandahar, Afghanistan. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 175 IS 8 BP 622 EP 624 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 632VB UT WOS:000280456000017 PM 20731270 ER PT J AU Jiang, QF Wang, SP O'Neill, L AF Jiang, Qingfang Wang, Shouping O'Neill, Larry TI Some Insights into the Characteristics and Dynamics of the Chilean Low-Level Coastal Jet SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; SUBTROPICAL SOUTH-AMERICA; WEST-COAST; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; OCEAN; CALIFORNIA; MESOSCALE; MODEL; FLOW; PARAMETERIZATION AB The characteristics and dynamics of the Chilean low-level coastal jet (CLLCJ) are examined here through diagnosing real-time mesoscale model forecasts in support of the Variability of the American Monsoon System (VAMOS) Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere Land Study (VOCALS) and additional sensitivity simulations. The forecasted surface winds over the southeast Pacific compare favorably with available observations. According to the forecasts and sensitivity simulations, the Southeast Pacific high pressure system(SEPH) plays a primary role in driving the CLLCJ. The Andes significantly intensify the CLLCJ mainly through interacting with the SEPH and anchoring a baroclinic zone along the Chilean coast. The land-sea differential heating also enhances the CLLCJ by strengthening the coastal baroclinic zone. Based on the location of the SEPH center, the CLLCJ can be separated into two types: a strong-forcing jet, with the SEPH close to the central Chilean coastline; and a weak-forcing jet, with the SEPH centered far away from the coastline. The former is much more intense and associated with stronger interaction between the SEPH and the Andes. The CLLCJ is slightly supergeostrophic within the marine boundary layer top inversion, where weak easterlies develop, and subgeostrophic in the turbulent boundary layer below, where westerlies are present. The inversion easterlies induce strong subsidence along the coast, which contributes to the formation of the coastal low and the coastal baroclinic zone. C1 [Jiang, Qingfang] Univ Cooperat Atmospher Res, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Wang, Shouping; O'Neill, Larry] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Jiang, QF (reprint author), Univ Cooperat Atmospher Res, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM jiang@nrlmry.navy.mil FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0749011]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [0601153N, 0602435N]; National Research Council FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation (ATM-0749011) and by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under Program Elements (PE) 0601153N and 0602435N. LWO is funded through a National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship Award. The first author greatly benefited from discussions with Dr. Jim Doyle. We also want to thank Dr. Garreaud and two other anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. The simulations were made using the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) developed by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 138 IS 8 BP 3185 EP 3206 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3368.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 646CZ UT WOS:000281514900011 ER PT J AU Lee, CS Cheung, KKW Fang, WT Elsberry, RL AF Lee, Cheng-Shang Cheung, Kevin K. W. Fang, Wei-Ting Elsberry, Russell L. TI Initial Maintenance of Tropical Cyclone Size in the Western North Pacific SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; AIRCRAFT RECONNAISSANCE; WIND STRUCTURE; ESTIMATION ALGORITHMS; ANNULAR HURRICANES; TYPHOON STRUCTURE; KINETIC-ENERGY; CLIMATOLOGY; PARAMETERS; VARIABILITY AB A tropical cyclone (TC) size parameter, which is defined here as the radius of 15 m s(-1) near-surface wind speed (R15), is calculated for 145 TCs in the western North Pacific during 2000-05 based on QuikSCAT oceanic winds. For the 73 TCs that intensified to typhoon intensity during their lifetimes, the 33% and 67% respective percentiles of R15 at tropical storm intensity and at typhoon intensity are used to categorize small, medium, and large TCs. Whereas many of the small TCs form from an easterly wave synoptic pattern, the monsoon-related formation patterns are favorable for forming medium to large TCs. Most of these 73 TCs stay in the same size category during intensification, which implies specific physical mechanisms for maintaining TC size in the basin. The 18 persistently large TCs from the tropical storm to the typhoon stage mostly have northwestward or north-northwestward tracks, while the 16 persistently small TCs either move westward-northwestward in lower latitudes or develop at higher latitudes with various track types. For the large TCs, strong low-level southwesterly winds exist in the outer core region south of the TC center throughout the intensification period. The small TCs are more influenced by the subtropical high during intensification. The conclusion is that it is the low-level environment that determines the difference between large and small size storms during the early intensification period in the western North Pacific. C1 [Cheung, Kevin K. W.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Environm & Geog, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Cheung, Kevin K. W.] Macquarie Univ, Climate Futures Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Lee, Cheng-Shang; Fang, Wei-Ting] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Lee, Cheng-Shang] Typhoon & Flood Res Inst, Natl Appl Res Labs, Taipei, Taiwan. [Elsberry, Russell L.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cheung, KKW (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Dept Environm & Geog, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. EM kcheung@els.mq.edu.au OI Lee, Cheng-Shang/0000-0003-4553-4172 FU National Science Council; National Applied Research Laboratories of the Republic of China (Taiwan); Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology Division FX Comments and suggestions from Dr. John Knaff and the other two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript substantially, and are much appreciated. This research is supported by the National Science Council and the National Applied Research Laboratories of the Republic of China (Taiwan). The participation of R. Elsberry was funded by the Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology Division. Mrs. Penny Jones assisted in the manuscript preparation. NR 44 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 138 IS 8 BP 3207 EP 3223 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3023.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 646CZ UT WOS:000281514900012 ER PT J AU Hendricks, EA Peng, MS Fu, B Li, T AF Hendricks, Eric A. Peng, Melinda S. Fu, Bing Li, Tim TI Quantifying Environmental Control on Tropical Cyclone Intensity Change SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC PREDICTION SYSTEM; SEA INTERACTION THEORY; HURRICANE-OPAL 1995; GULF-OF-MEXICO; RAPID INTENSIFICATION; VERTICAL SHEAR; NORTH PACIFIC; EXTERNAL INFLUENCES; VORTEX RESILIENCY; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM AB Composite analysis is used to examine environmental and climatology and persistence characteristics of tropical cyclones (TCs) undergoing different intensity changes in the western North Pacific (WPAC) and North Atlantic (ATL) ocean basins. Using the cumulative distribution functions of 24-h intensity changes from the 2003-08 best-track data, four intensity change bins are defined: rapidly intensifying (RI), intensifying, neutral, and weakening. The Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System daily 0000 and 1200 UTC global analysis and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager data are then used as proxies for the real atmosphere, and composites of various environmental fields believed relevant to TC intensity change are made in the vicinity of the TCs. These composites give the average characteristics near the TC, prior to undergoing a given intensity change episode. For the environmental variables, statistically significant differences are examined between RI storms and the other groups. While some environmental differences were found between RI and weakening/neutral TCs in both basins, an interesting result from this study is that the environment of RI TCs and intensifying TCs is quite similar. This indicates that the rate of intensification is only weakly dependent on the environmental conditions, on average, provided the environment is favorable. Notable exceptions were that in the WPAC, RI events occurred in environments with significantly larger conditional instability than intensifying events. In the ATL, RI events occurred in environments with weaker deep-layer shear than intensifying events. An important finding of this work is that SSTs are similar between intensifying and rapidly intensifying TCs, indicating that the rate of intensification is not critically dependent on SST. The TCs in both basins were more intense prior to undergoing an RI episode than an intensifying or neutral episode. In the WPAC, the three groups had similar translational speeds and headings, and average initial position. In the ATL, RI storms were located farther south than intensifying and neutral storms, and had a larger translational speed and a more westward component to the heading. C1 [Hendricks, Eric A.; Peng, Melinda S.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Fu, Bing; Li, Tim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Fu, Bing; Li, Tim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Hendricks, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM eric.hendricks@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Fu, Bing/E-7034-2013 FU ONR [N000140710145, N000140810256, PE0602435N]; NRL [N00173-06-1-07031]; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC); NASA [NNX07AG53G]; NOAA [NA17RJ1230] FX This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory in Monterey, California. The work was partially supported by ONR Grants N000140710145, N000140810256, PE0602435N, and NRL Subcontract N00173-06-1-07031. The International Pacific Research Center is partially sponsored by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), NASA (NNX07AG53G), and NOAA (NA17RJ1230). We are grateful for the constructive comments of three anonymous reviewers, which led to improvements in this manuscript. NR 62 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 138 IS 8 BP 3243 EP 3271 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3185.1 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 646CZ UT WOS:000281514900014 ER PT J AU Hsiao, LF Liou, CS Yeh, TC Guo, YR Chen, DS Huang, KN Terng, CT Chen, JH AF Hsiao, Ling-Feng Liou, Chi-Sann Yeh, Tien-Chiang Guo, Yong-Run Chen, Der-Song Huang, Kang-Ning Terng, Chuen-Teyr Chen, Jen-Her TI A Vortex Relocation Scheme for Tropical Cyclone Initialization in Advanced Research WRF SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; PREDICTION SYSTEM; MODEL; SIMULATION; PERFORMANCE; ENSEMBLE; MOTION AB This paper introduces a relocation scheme for tropical cyclone (TC) initialization in the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (ARW-WRF) model and demonstrates its application to 70 forecasts of Typhoons Sinlaku (2008), Jangmi (2008), and Linfa (2009) for which Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau (CWB) issued typhoon warnings. An efficient and dynamically consistent TC vortex relocation scheme for the WRF terrain-following mass coordinate has been developed to improve the first guess of the TC analysis, and hence improves the tropical cyclone initialization. The vortex relocation scheme separates the first-guess atmospheric flow into a TC circulation and environmental flow, relocates the TC circulation to its observed location, and adds the relocated TC circulation back to the environmental flow to obtain the updated first guess with a correct TC position. Analysis of these typhoon cases indicates that the relocation procedure moves the typhoon circulation to the observed typhoon position without generating discontinuities or sharp gradients in the first guess. Numerical experiments with and without the vortex relocation procedure for Typhoons Sinlaku, Jangmi, and Linfa forecasts show that about 67% of the first-guess fields need a vortex relocation to correct typhoon position errors while eliminates the topographical effect. As the vortex relocation effectively removes the typhoon position errors in the analysis, the simulated typhoon tracks are considerably improved for all forecast times, especially in the early periods as large adjustments appeared without the vortex relocation. Comparison of the horizontal and vertical vortex structures shows that large errors in the first-guess fields due to an incorrect typhoon position are eliminated by the vortex relocation scheme and that the analyzed typhoon circulation is stronger and more symmetric without distortions, and better agrees with observations. The result suggests that the main difficulty of objective analysis methods [e. g., three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR)], in TC analysis comes from poor first-guess fields with incorrect TC positions rather than not enough model resolution or observations. In addition, by computing the eccentricity and correlation of the axes of the initial typhoon circulation, the distorted typhoon circulation caused by the position error without the vortex relocation scheme is demonstrated to be responsible for larger track errors. Therefore, by eliminating the typhoon position error in the first guess that avoids a distorted initial typhoon circulation, the vortex relocation scheme is able to improve the ARW-WRF typhoon initialization and forecasts particularly when using data assimilation update cycling. C1 [Hsiao, Ling-Feng; Yeh, Tien-Chiang; Chen, Der-Song; Huang, Kang-Ning; Terng, Chuen-Teyr; Chen, Jen-Her] Cent Weather Bur, Taipei 10048, Taiwan. [Hsiao, Ling-Feng] Taiwan Typhoon & Flood Res Inst, Taipei, Taiwan. [Liou, Chi-Sann] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Guo, Yong-Run] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Hsiao, LF (reprint author), Cent Weather Bur, 64 Gongyuan Rd, Taipei 10048, Taiwan. EM lfhsiao@rdc.cwb.gov.tw FU National Science Council of the R.O.C. [NSC96-2625-Z-052-003, NSC97-2625-M-052-002]; Office of Naval Research [PE-0602435N] FX This study was financially supported by the National Science Council of the R.O.C. under Grants NSC96-2625-Z-052-003 and NSC97-2625-M-052-002; and (for the second author) by the Office of Naval Research through Program PE-0602435N. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Ying-Hwa (Bill) Kuo, Dr. Jim Bresch, and the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions on the manuscript. NR 32 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 138 IS 8 BP 3298 EP 3315 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3275.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 646CZ UT WOS:000281514900016 ER PT J AU Robinson, JT Burgess, JS Junkermeier, CE Badescu, SC Reinecke, TL Perkins, FK Zalalutdniov, MK Baldwin, JW Culbertson, JC Sheehan, PE Snow, ES AF Robinson, Jeremy T. Burgess, James S. Junkermeier, Chad E. Badescu, Stefan C. Reinecke, Thomas L. Perkins, F. Keith Zalalutdniov, Maxim K. Baldwin, Jeffrey W. Culbertson, James C. Sheehan, Paul E. Snow, Eric S. TI Properties of Fluorinated Graphene Films SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Graphene; fluorine; perfluorographane; graphene fluoride; functionalization ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; POLY(CARBON MONOFLUORIDE); THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; LAYERED FLUOROCARBON; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; GRAPHITE FLUORIDE AB Graphene films grown on Cu foils have been fluorinated with xenon difluoride (XeF(2)) gas on one or both sides. When exposed on one side the F coverage saturates at 25% (C(4)F), which is optically transparent, over 6 orders of magnitude more resistive than graphene, and readily patterned. Density functional calculations for varying coverages indicate that a C(4)F configuration is lowest in energy and that the calculated band gap increases with increasing coverage, becoming 2.93 eV for one C(4)F configuration. During defluorination, we find hydrazine treatment effectively removes fluorine while retaining graphene's carbon skeleton. The same films may be fluorinated on both sides by transferring graphene to a silicon-on-insulator substrate enabling XeF(2) gas to etch the Si underlayer and fluorinate the backside of the graphene film to form perfluorographane (CF) for which calculated the band gap is 3.07 eV. Our results indicate single-side fluorination provides the necessary electronic and optical changes to be practical for graphene device applications. C1 [Robinson, Jeremy T.; Burgess, James S.; Junkermeier, Chad E.; Badescu, Stefan C.; Reinecke, Thomas L.; Perkins, F. Keith; Zalalutdniov, Maxim K.; Baldwin, Jeffrey W.; Culbertson, James C.; Sheehan, Paul E.; Snow, Eric S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Robinson, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jeremy.robinson@nrl.navy.mil RI Robinson, Jeremy/F-2748-2010; Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124 FU Office of Naval Research; NRL's Nanoscience Institute FX J.T.R. would like to thank R. S. Ruoff and X. Li for hosting a visit to The University of Texas at Austin and for fruitful discussions of graphene growth on copper and P. Campbell for assistance in fabricating devices and for a critical reading of this manuscript. This research was performed while J.S.B. and C.E.J. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory. This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research and NRL's Nanoscience Institute. NR 38 TC 504 Z9 510 U1 42 U2 371 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 10 IS 8 BP 3001 EP 3005 DI 10.1021/nl101437p PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 636JO UT WOS:000280728900045 PM 20698613 ER PT J AU Erwin, SC Himpsel, FJ AF Erwin, Steven C. Himpsel, F. J. TI Intrinsic magnetism at silicon surfaces SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO; SPIN; RECONSTRUCTION; SI(557)-AU; INSULATOR; CHAINS; OXIDE AB It has been a long-standing goal to create magnetism in a non-magnetic material by manipulating its structure at the nanoscale. Many structural defects have unpaired spins; an ordered arrangement of these can create a magnetically ordered state. In this article we predict theoretically that stepped silicon surfaces stabilized by adsorbed gold achieve this state by self-assembly, creating chains of polarized electron spins with atomically precise structural order. The spins are localized at silicon step edges having the form of graphitic ribbons. The predicted magnetic state is supported by recent experimental observations, such as the coexistence of double-and triple-period distortions and the absence of edge states in photoemission. Ordered arrays of surface spins can be accessed by probes with single-spin sensitivity, such as spin-polarized scanning tunnelling microscopy. The integration of structural and magnetic order is crucial for technologies involving spin-based computation and storage at the atomic level. C1 [Erwin, Steven C.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Himpsel, F. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Erwin, SC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM steven.erwin@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; NSF [DMR-0705145, DMR-0084402] FX Helpful conversations with David L Huber are gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research, and by the NSF under award nos. DMR-0705145 and DMR-0084402 (SRC). Computations were performed at the DoD Major Shared Resource Center at AFRL. NR 44 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 40 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 1 AR 58 DI 10.1038/ncomms1056 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 673FV UT WOS:000283645400009 PM 20975712 ER PT J AU Han, WQ Meehl, GA Rajagopalan, B Fasullo, JT Hu, AX Lin, JL Large, WG Wang, JW Quan, XW Trenary, LL Wallcraft, A Shinoda, T Yeager, S AF Han, Weiqing Meehl, Gerald A. Rajagopalan, Balaji Fasullo, John T. Hu, Aixue Lin, Jialin Large, William G. Wang, Jih-wang Quan, Xiao-Wei Trenary, Laurie L. Wallcraft, Alan Shinoda, Toshiaki Yeager, Stephen TI Patterns of Indian Ocean sea-level change in a warming climate SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RISE; SURFACE; TRENDS AB Global sea level has risen during the past decades as a result of thermal expansion of the warming ocean and freshwater addition from melting continental ice(1). However, sea-level rise is not globally uniform(1-5). Regional sea levels can be affected by changes in atmospheric or oceanic circulation. As long-term observational records are scarce, regional changes in sea level in the Indian Ocean are poorly constrained. Yet estimates of future sea-level changes are essential for effective risk assessment(2). Here we combine in situ and satellite observations of Indian Ocean sea level with climate-model simulations, to identify a distinct spatial pattern of sea-level rise since the 1960s. We find that sea level has decreased substantially in the south tropical Indian Ocean whereas it has increased elsewhere. This pattern is driven by changing surface winds associated with a combined invigoration of the Indian Ocean Hadley and Walker cells, patterns of atmospheric overturning circulation in the north-south and east-west direction, respectively, which is partly attributable to rising levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases. We conclude that-if ongoing anthropogenic warming dominates natural variability-the pattern we detected is likely to persist and to increase the environmental stress on some coasts and islands in the Indian Ocean. C1 [Han, Weiqing; Wang, Jih-wang; Trenary, Laurie L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Meehl, Gerald A.; Fasullo, John T.; Hu, Aixue; Large, William G.; Yeager, Stephen] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lin, Jialin] Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Quan, Xiao-Wei] Univ Colorado, CIRES, ESRL NOAA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wallcraft, Alan; Shinoda, Toshiaki] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Han, WQ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, UCB 311, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM whan@enso.colorado.edu RI Rajagopalan, Balaji/A-5383-2013; Hu, Aixue/E-1063-2013; Shinoda, Toshiaki/J-3745-2016; OI Rajagopalan, Balaji/0000-0002-6883-7240; Hu, Aixue/0000-0002-1337-287X; Shinoda, Toshiaki/0000-0003-1416-2206; FASULLO, JOHN/0000-0003-1216-892X FU CCR/NCAR; NSF [OCE 0847605]; NASA [NNX08AR62G, NNX07AKG82G]; Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-FC02 97ER62402] FX This work was completed when W.H. was on sabbatical leave at NCAR. She thanks CCR/NCAR for providing partial summer salary support. Thanks also go to K. Trenberth, A.Timmermann, C.Deser and A.Dai for their insightful comments and stimulating discussions. W.H., J-W.W. and L.L.T. are supported by NSF CAREER award OCE 0847605 and NASA OSTST award NNX08AR62G. Portions of this study were supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC02 97ER62402, and the National Science Foundation. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. J.T.F's participation is sponsored by NASA Award No. NNX07AKG82G. We thank NCAR CISL for computational support. NR 27 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 28 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 3 IS 8 BP 546 EP 550 DI 10.1038/ngeo901 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 645NK UT WOS:000281467500014 ER PT J AU Medintz, IL Stewart, MH Trammell, SA Susumu, K Delehanty, JB Mei, BC Melinger, JS Blanco-Canosa, JB Dawson, PE Mattoussi, H AF Medintz, Igor L. Stewart, Michael H. Trammell, Scott A. Susumu, Kimihiro Delehanty, James B. Mei, Bing C. Melinger, Joseph S. Blanco-Canosa, Juan B. Dawson, Philip E. Mattoussi, Hedi TI Quantum-dot/dopamine bioconjugates function as redox coupled assemblies for in vitro and intracellular pH sensing SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID INTERFACIAL ELECTRON-TRANSFER; RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; DOTS; SEMICONDUCTOR; NANOCRYSTALS; LUMINESCENT; DOPAMINE; SURFACE; NANOPARTICLES; PROTON AB The use of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) for bioimaging and sensing has progressively matured over the past decade. QDs are highly sensitive to charge-transfer processes, which can alter their optical properties. Here, we demonstrate that QD-dopamine-peptide bioconjugates can function as charge-transfer coupled pH sensors. Dopamine is normally characterized by two intrinsic redox properties: a Nernstian dependence of formal potential on pH and oxidation of hydroquinone to quinone by O(2) at basic pH. We show that the latter quinone can function as an electron acceptor quenching QD photoluminescence in a manner that depends directly on pH. We characterize the pH-dependent QD quenching using both electrochemistry and spectroscopy. QD-dopamine conjugates were also used as pH sensors that measured changes in cytoplasmic pH as cells underwent drug-induced alkalosis. A detailed mechanism describing the QD quenching processes that is consistent with dopamine's inherent redox chemistry is presented. C1 [Medintz, Igor L.; Trammell, Scott A.; Delehanty, James B.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stewart, Michael H.; Susumu, Kimihiro; Mei, Bing C.; Mattoussi, Hedi] USN, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div Code 5611, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mei, Bing C.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil FU CB Directorate/Physical S&T Division (DTRA); ONR; NRL; NRL-NSI; NRC; Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship FX The authors thank T. O'Shaughnessy and I. Willner for helpful suggestions and acknowledge the CB Directorate/Physical S&T Division (DTRA), ONR, NRL and the NRL-NSI for financial support. M.H.S. acknowledges an NRC fellowship through NRL. J.B.B-C. acknowledges a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship. NR 65 TC 225 Z9 225 U1 21 U2 195 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 9 IS 8 BP 676 EP 684 DI 10.1038/NMAT2811 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 630BB UT WOS:000280245000025 PM 20651808 ER PT J AU Sato, H Royset, JO AF Sato, Hiroyuki Royset, Johannes O. TI Path Optimization for the Resource-Constrained Searcher SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE search theory; branch-and-bound algorithm; military applications ID MOVING-TARGET; SHORTEST; ALGORITHM; AIRCRAFT AB We formulate and solve a discrete-time path-optimization problem where a single searcher, operating in a discretized three-dimensional airspace, looks for a moving target in a finite set of cells. The searcher is constrained by maximum limits on the consumption of one or more resources such as time, fuel, and risk along any path. We develop a specialized branch-and-bound algorithm for this problem that uses several network reduction procedures as well as a new bounding technique based on Lagrangian relaxation and network expansion. The resulting algorithm outperforms a state-of-the-art algorithm for solving time-constrained problems and also is the first algorithm to solve multi-constrained problems. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* Naval Research Logistics 57: 422-440, 2010 C1 [Sato, Hiroyuki; Royset, Johannes O.] USN, Dept Operat Res, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Royset, JO (reprint author), USN, Dept Operat Res, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM joroyset@nps.edu NR 25 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 5 BP 422 EP 440 DI 10.1002/nav.20411 PG 19 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 627GJ UT WOS:000280027200003 ER PT J AU Bartlett, JL Park, C Kanneganti, S Ianna, PA AF Bartlett, Jennifer Lynn Park, Chan Kanneganti, Srikrishna Ianna, Philip A. TI Feasibility of an infrared parallax program using the Fan Mountain Tinsley reflector SO NEW ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE Instrumentation: detectors; Methods: data analysis; Site testing; Astrometry ID OPEN CLUSTERS; T-DWARFS; STARS; CATALOG; MOTIONS; 2MASS; USNO AB Despite the continuing importance of ground-based parallax measurements, few active programs remain. Because new members of the solar neighborhood tend towards later spectral types, infrared parallax programs are particularly desirable. Therefore, the astrometric quality of the new infrared camera, FanCam, developed by the Virginia Astronomical Instrumentation Laboratory (VAIL) for the 31-in. (0.8 m) Tinsley reflector at Fan Mountain Observatory was assessed using 68 J-band exposures of an open cluster, NGC 2420, over a range of hour angles during 2005. Positions of 16 astrometric evaluation stars were measured and the repeatability of those positions was evaluated using the mean error in a single observation of unit weight. Overall, a precision of 1.3 +/- 0.7 mu m in x (RA) and 1.3 +/- 0.8 mu m in y (Dec) was attained, which corresponds to 0.04" +/- 0.02" in each axis. Although greater precision is expected from CCDs in the visual and near-infrared, this instrument can achieve precision similar to that of the ESO NTT infrared parallax program. Therefore, measuring parallaxes in the infrared would be feasible using this equipment. If initiated, such a program could provide essential distances for brown dwarfs and very low mass stars that would contribute significantly to the solar neighborhood census. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bartlett, Jennifer Lynn; Park, Chan; Kanneganti, Srikrishna; Ianna, Philip A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Bartlett, JL (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM jennifer.bartlett@usno.navy.mil; chanpark@kasi.re.kr; sk4zw@virginia.edu; p.ianna@juno.com FU NASA; NSF; Peninsula Community Foundation; UVa Governor's Fellowship and Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Hampden-Sydney College; USNO FX This research used the NASA ADS Bibliographic Services; Aladin; VizieR catalog access tool and SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France; the WEBDA database, operated at the Institute for Astronomy of the University of Vienna; data products from 2MASS, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and IPAC/CalTech, funded by NASA and NSF; and the M, L, and T dwarf compendium housed at DwarfArchives.org and maintained by C. Gelino, D. Kirkpatrick, and A. Burgasser. In addition, we acknowledge the data analysis facilities provided by the Starlink Project, which is run by the CCLRC on behalf of PPARC.; The F.H. Levinson Fund of the Peninsula Community Foundation, UVa Governor's Fellowship and Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Hampden-Sydney College, and the USNO funded this research. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-1076 J9 NEW ASTRON JI New Astron. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 15 IS 6 BP 547 EP 553 DI 10.1016/j.newast.2010.01.003 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 597IX UT WOS:000277751400008 ER PT J AU Wisbach, G Pratt, JS AF Wisbach, Gordon Pratt, Janey S. TI Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass Technique Using Anterior Approach To Ligament Of Treitz SO OBESITY SURGERY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th World Congress of International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO) CY SEP 03-07, 2010 CL Amer Soc Metabolic Bariatric Surg, Long Beach, CA HO Amer Soc Metabolic Bariatric Surg C1 [Wisbach, Gordon] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Pratt, Janey S.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0960-8923 J9 OBES SURG JI Obes. Surg. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1026 EP 1026 PG 1 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 636OD UT WOS:000280746100142 ER PT J AU Murakami, M Sarukura, N Azechi, H Temporal, M Schmitt, AJ AF Murakami, M. Sarukura, N. Azechi, H. Temporal, M. Schmitt, A. J. TI Optimization of irradiation configuration in laser fusion utilizing self-organizing electrodynamic system SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID CONSTRAINED GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; HIGH-GAIN; UNIFORMITY; IGNITION; TARGETS; REACTOR; ENERGY; PELLET AB A simple numerical method to determine an optimum beam configuration for highly uniform irradiation is proposed for direct-drive laser fusion systems and is applied to an arbitrary number of laser beams, NB. Driven by the Coulomb repulsion force, NB randomly distributed like charges move on a spherical surface to settle with a stable configuration having the minimum Coulomb energy for the system. Such resultant charge configurations practically do not depend on the initial conditions, and thus the solutions are very robust and unique. The irradiation uniformity is numerically assessed by overlapping NB beam patterns and calculating the laser absorption based on various spatial absorption patterns for the individual beams. The present method provides some improved illumination configurations for laser fusion compared with previously proposed designs. In particular, new coordinates for N(B)=48 and 72 are found to give an extraordinarily higher uniformity than for other numbers of NB. The influence of system imperfection on the irradiation uniformity is also discussed. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3467497] C1 [Murakami, M.; Sarukura, N.; Azechi, H.] Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Temporal, M.] Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSIA, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Schmitt, A. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Murakami, M (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. RI Temporal, Mauro/A-7569-2012; Sarukura, Nobuhiko/F-3276-2015; Azechi, Hiroshi/H-5876-2015; murakami, masakatsu/I-2309-2015 OI Temporal, Mauro/0000-0002-7290-4602; Sarukura, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-2353-645X; murakami, masakatsu/0000-0003-2220-7638 NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2010 VL 17 IS 8 AR 082702 DI 10.1063/1.3467497 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 651EA UT WOS:000281906300043 ER PT J AU Pelfrey, S Cantu, T Papantonakis, MR Simonson, DL McGill, RA Macossay, J AF Pelfrey, Sean Cantu, Travis Papantonakis, Michael R. Simonson, Duane L. McGill, R. Andrew Macossay, Javier TI Microscopic and spectroscopic studies of thermally enhanced electrospun PMMA micro- and nanofibers SO POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; POLYMER NANOFIBERS; METHACRYLATE); POLYSTYRENE; COMPOSITES; FIBERS; ALIGNMENT; STRENGTH; MODULUS AB Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have been incorporated into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) through electrospinning. The resulting micro- and nanofibers have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which confirmed fiber formation and demonstrated a core-sheath structure of the PMMA fibers. thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to obtain the thermal properties of the materials, indicating an enhancement in the thermal properties of the composite fibers. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to investigate the interactions of PMMA micro- and nanofibers with CNFs, demonstrating the preferred sites of intermolecular interactions between the polymer matrix and the filler. C1 [Pelfrey, Sean; Cantu, Travis; Macossay, Javier] Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Chem, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. [Papantonakis, Michael R.; Simonson, Duane L.; McGill, R. Andrew] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Macossay, J (reprint author), Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Chem, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. EM jmacossay@utpa.edu RI Papantonakis, Michael/G-3888-2012 FU Welch Foundation [BG-0017]; NIH-NIGMS-NIA [ISC2AG036825-01] FX Financial support for this work from the Welch Foundation grant # BG-0017 and NIH-NIGMS-NIA grant # ISC2AG036825-01 for JM are gratefully acknowledged. The authors are also indebted for the support from the Office of Naval Research. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9954 J9 POLYM CHEM-UK JI Polym. Chem. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 1 IS 6 BP 866 EP 869 DI 10.1039/c0py00012d PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 635JL UT WOS:000280651300013 PM 20640234 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB Kennedy, CH AF Johnson, W. Brad Kennedy, Carrie H. TI Preparing Psychologists for High-Risk Jobs: Key Ethical Considerations for Military Clinical Supervisors SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE supervision; mixed agency; ethics; military psychology; competence ID MENTAL-HEALTH-SERVICES; MIXED AGENCY; ENVIRONMENTS; CHALLENGES; IMPAIRMENT; COMPETENCE; ISSUES; ROLES; IRAQ AB Military psychologists must provide a full gamut of mental health evaluation, treatment, and consultative services in a variety of nontraditional settings. Internship training and postdoctoral supervision are key to producing competent military psychologists that can simultaneously serve effectively as commissioned officers. The context of supervision has evolved in recent years as the majority of military psychologists are deployed to the combat theater and many are tasked with nontraditional operational roles. This article explores the key ethical considerations faced by supervisors who prepare psychology interns, postdoctoral residents, or civilian psychologists for high-risk military roles in a time of war. Recommendations are provided for both clinical supervisors and military psychology leaders. C1 [Johnson, W. Brad] USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kennedy, Carrie H.] USN, Aerosp Med Inst, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM johnsonb@usna.edu NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 41 IS 4 BP 298 EP 304 DI 10.1037/a0019899 PG 7 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 642LF UT WOS:000281214300003 ER PT J AU Pisacane, VL Dolecek, QE Malak, H Dicello, JF AF Pisacane, V. L. Dolecek, Q. E. Malak, H. Dicello, J. F. TI End-to-end system test for solid-state microdosemeters SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION QUALITY AB The gold standard in microdosemeters has been the tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) that utilises a gas cavity. An alternative is the solid-state microdosemeter that replaces the gas with a condensed phase (silicon) detector with microscopic sensitive volumes. Calibrations of gas and solid-state microdosemeters are generally carried out using radiation sources built into the detector that impose restrictions on their handling, transportation and licensing in accordance with the regulations from international, national and local nuclear regulatory bodies. Here a novel method is presented for carrying out a calibration and end-to-end system test of a microdosemeter using low-energy photons as the initiating energy source, thus obviating the need for a regulated ionising radiation source. This technique may be utilised to calibrate both a solid-state microdosemeter and, with modification, a TEPC with the higher average ionisation energy of a gas. C1 [Pisacane, V. L.; Dicello, J. F.] USN Acad, Aerosp Engn Dept Mail Stop 11B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Dolecek, Q. E.] QED Associates, Georgetown, DE 19947 USA. [Malak, H.] Amer Environm Syst Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21043 USA. RP Pisacane, VL (reprint author), USN Acad, Aerosp Engn Dept Mail Stop 11B, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM pisacane@usna.edu FU National Space Biomedical Research Institute through NASA [NCC 9-58] FX This research was supported by the National Space Biomedical Research Institute through NASA NCC 9-58. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 140 IS 4 BP 309 EP 318 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncq127 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 633XQ UT WOS:000280540900001 PM 20430854 ER PT J AU Robertson, KL Verhoeven, AB Thach, DC Chang, EL AF Robertson, Kelly L. Verhoeven, Anne Brooks Thach, Dzung C. Chang, Eddie L. TI Monitoring viral RNA in infected cells with LNA flow-FISH SO RNA-A PUBLICATION OF THE RNA SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE LNA; RNA; flow cytometry; fluorescence in situ hybridization; viral nucleic acids ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; FLUORESCENT INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; LOCKED NUCLEIC-ACIDS; MESSENGER-RNA; VIRUS-INFECTION; CYTOMETRIC DETECTION; PROBES; DNA; PCR; QUANTIFICATION AB We previously showed the feasibility of using locked nucleic acid (LNA) for flow cytometric-fluorescence in situ hybridization (LNA flow-FISH) detection of a target cellular mRNA. Here we demonstrate how the method can be used to monitor viral RNA in infected cells. We compared the results of the LNA flow-FISH with other methods of quantifying virus replication, including the use of an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) viral construct and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. We found that an LNA probe complementary to Sindbis virus RNA is able to track the increase in viral RNA over time in early infection. In addition, this method is comparable to the EGFP construct in sensitivity, with both peaking around 3 h and at the same level of infected cells. Finally, we observed that the LNA flow-FISH method responds to the decrease in levels of viral RNA caused by antiviral medication. This technique represents a straightforward way to monitor viral infection in cells and is easily applicable to any virus. C1 [Robertson, Kelly L.; Chang, Eddie L.] USN, Res Lab, Lab Biosensors & Biomat, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Verhoeven, Anne Brooks] George Mason Univ, Dept Mol & Microbiol, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Thach, Dzung C.] NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Chang, EL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Biosensors & Biomat, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM eddie.chang@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; JSTO-CBD/DTRA [4.10004.08.NRL] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research and in part by JSTO-CBD/DTRA Project Number 4.10004.08.NRL. NR 43 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1355-8382 J9 RNA JI RNA-Publ. RNA Soc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1679 EP 1685 DI 10.1261/rna.2016410 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 624XJ UT WOS:000279855200021 PM 20584898 ER PT J AU Vyas, KJ Patel, GR Shukla, D Mathews, WC AF Vyas, Kartavya J. Patel, Gulab R. Shukla, Deepak Mathews, William C. TI A comparison in HIV-associated stigma among healthcare workers in urban and rural Gujarat SO SAHARA J-JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ASPECTS OF HIV-AIDS LA English DT Article DE Stigma; healthcare workers; HIV-positive patients; India ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; SEX WORKERS; INDIA; EPIDEMIC; HIV/AIDS AB The present study measures levels of stigma within health care settings in urban and rural Gujarat, in an attempt to understand how this may have contributed to the state's increasing HIV incidence. Two sites were studied: a rural hospital in Bardoli and an urban hospital in Surat. HIV-associated stigma among healthcare workers (N = 170) was assessed using a Stigma Index. Overall, analyses suggest an increase in medical education was found to be associated with higher stigmatisation (p < 0.001). Furthermore, a statistically significant difference between stigma scores of HCWs in rural and urban Gujarat was not observed. C1 [Vyas, Kartavya J.] Naval Med Ctr, San Diego NMCSD, San Diego, CA USA. [Patel, Gulab R.] New Civil Hosp, Dept Surg, Surat, Gujarat, India. [Shukla, Deepak] Surat New Civil Hosp, ART Therapy Ctr, Surat, India. EM kvyas@ucsd.edu RI Mathews, William/E-4451-2010 OI Mathews, William/0000-0002-2352-0725 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SA MEDICAL ASSOC HEALTH & MEDICAL PUBL GROUP PI CLAREMONT PA 21 DREYER ST, 4TH FLOOR, SANCLARE BLDG, CLAREMONT, 7700, SOUTH AFRICA SN 1729-0376 J9 SAHARA J-J SOC ASP H JI Sahara J-J. Soc. Asp. HIV/AIDS PD AUG PY 2010 VL 7 IS 2 BP 71 EP 75 PG 5 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 643FP UT WOS:000281281300004 PM 21409297 ER PT J AU May, CA Cipriani, D Lorenz, KA AF May, Courtney A. Cipriani, Daniel Lorenz, Kent A. TI Power Development Through Complex Training for The Division I Collegiate Athlete SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE power development; complex training; power; weightlifting ID VERTICAL JUMP PERFORMANCE; PROFESSIONAL RUGBY PLAYERS; BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS; KINETIC-ANALYSIS; REST INTERVAL; BODY POWER; RECOVERY; ABILITY; OUTPUT; MUSCLE AB Sports requiring explosive movements require power production. A strength and conditioning program should consist of exercises that will promote power development in the athlete. Power can be defined as the product of a force and velocity, which can be trained and increased through resisted and plyometric movements. Complex training can be used in force development and yields an increase in power. The published literature on complex training does not necessarily reflect the practices of complex training in the weight room. This article's purpose is to compare the suggestions from the literature and strength and conditioning coaches in a practical setting. C1 [May, Courtney A.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Cipriani, Daniel; Lorenz, Kent A.] San Diego State Univ, Sch Exercise & Nutr Sci, Dept Exercise & Nutr Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP May, CA (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 32 IS 4 BP 30 EP 43 DI 10.1519/SSC.0b013e3181dd8f47 PG 14 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 633CC UT WOS:000280476100002 ER PT J AU Sampson, CR Wittmann, PA Tolman, HL AF Sampson, Charles R. Wittmann, Paul A. Tolman, Hendrik L. TI Consistent Tropical Cyclone Wind and Wave Forecasts for the US Navy SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED-FETCH WAVES; PREDICTION SYSTEM; MODEL; OCEAN; ASSIMILATION; CLIMATOLOGY; PERSISTENCE; CURRENTS; NCEP AB A new algorithm to generate wave heights consistent with tropical cyclone official forecasts from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) has been developed. The process involves generating synthetic observations from the forecast track and the 34-, 50-, and 64-kt wind radii. The JTWC estimate of the radius of maximum winds is used in the algorithm to generate observations for the forecast intensity (wind), and the JTWC-estimated radius of the outermost closed isobar is used to assign observations at the outermost extent of the tropical cyclone circulation. These observations are then interpolated to a high-resolution latitude-longitude grid covering the entire extent of the circulation. Finally, numerical weather prediction (NWP) model fields are obtained for each forecast time, the NWP model forecast tropical cyclone is removed from these fields, and the new JTWC vortex is inserted without blending zones between the vortex and the background. These modified fields are then used as input into a wave model to generate waves consistent with the JTWC forecasts. The algorithm is applied to Typhoon Yagi (2006), in anticipation of which U. S. Navy ships were moved from Tokyo Bay to an area off the southeastern coast of Kyushu. The decision to move (sortie) the ships was based on NWP model-driven long-range wave forecasts that indicated high seas impacting the coast in the vicinity of Tokyo Bay. The sortie decision was made approximately 84 h in advance of the high seas in order to give ships time to steam the approximately 500 n mi to safety. Results from the new algorithm indicate that the high seas would not affect the coast near Tokyo Bay within 84 h. This specific forecast verifies, but altimeter observations show that it does not outperform, the NWP model-driven wave analysis and forecasts for this particular case. Overall, the performance of the new algorithm is dependent on the JTWC tropical cyclone forecast performance, which has generally outperformed those of the NWP model over the last several years. C1 [Sampson, Charles R.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Wittmann, Paul A.] Fleet Numer Meteorol & Oceanog Ctr, Monterey, CA USA. [Tolman, Hendrik L.] NOAA, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Sampson, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sampson@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Sampson, Charles/F-5684-2010 FU Office of Naval Research [N0001409WX20179] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the JTWC for their diligent efforts with the ATCF. Appreciation is extended to Jake Hinz, Brian Howell, Dave Lamey, Mark Willis, Ben Jones, Joel Feldmeier, Greg Ireton, and others in U. S. Navy operations for their willingness to evaluate and use the products. The authors alsowish to acknowledge Jeff Dixon for the Yagi (2006) sortie information and help in getting this project funded. Thanks to Bill Anderson, Tim Hogan, and Paul May for providing the NOGAPS data. Great appreciation is extended to Mike Fiorino for the JTWC/WW3 php interface, and Jim Goerss, Ted Tsui, John Cook, and two anonymous reviewers for editorial comments. Most WW3 graphics were made with the Gridded Analysis and Display System (GrADS). This project is supported through a grant from the Office of Naval Research (N0001409WX20179). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official U. S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1293 EP 1306 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222376.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636KG UT WOS:000280731800018 ER PT J AU Giraldo, FX Restelli, M AF Giraldo, F. X. Restelli, M. TI High-order semi-implicit time-integrators for a triangular discontinuous Galerkin oceanic shallow water model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE discontinuous Galerkin; explicit; finite element; finite volume; implicit; semi-implicit; shallow water; triangle ID MONOMIAL CUBATURE RULES; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; SPECTRAL ELEMENT; COMPRESSIBLE FLOW; TSUNAMI; DISCRETIZATION; SIMULATIONS; COMPILATION; STROUD; SETS AB We extend the explicit in time high-order triangular discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method to semi-implicit (SI) and then apply the algorithm to the two-dimensional oceanic shallow water equations; we implement high-order SI time-integrators using the backward difference formulas from orders one to six. The reason for changing the time-integration method from explicit to SI is that explicit methods require a very small time step in order to maintain stability, especially for high-order DG methods. Changing the time-integration method to SI allows one to circumvent the stability criterion due to the gravity waves, which for most shallow water applications are the fastest waves in the system (the exception being supercritical flow where the Froude number is greater than one). The challenge of constructing a SI method for a DG model is that the DG machinery requires not only the standard finite element-type area integrals, but also the finite volume-type boundary integrals as well. These boundary integrals pose the biggest challenge in a SI discretization because they require the construction of a Riemann solver that is the true linear representation of the nonlinear Riemann problem; if this condition is not satisfied then the resulting numerical method will not be consistent with the continuous equations. In this paper we couple the SI time-integrators with the DG method while maintaining most of the usual attributes associated with DG methods such as: high-order accuracy (in both space and time), parallel efficiency, excellent stability, and conservation. The only property lost is that of a compact communication stencil typical of time-explicit DG methods; implicit methods will always require a much larger communication stencil. We apply the new high-order SI DG method to the shallow water equations and show results for many standard test cases of oceanic interest such as: standing, Kelvin and Rossby soliton waves, and the Stommel problem. The results show that the new high-order SI DG model, that has already been shown to yield exponentially convergent solutions in space for smooth problems, results in a more efficient model than its explicit counterpart. Furthermore, for those problems where the spatial resolution is sufficiently high compared with the length scales of the flow, the capacity to use high-order (HO) time-integrators is a necessary complement to the employment of HO space discretizations, since the total numerical error would be otherwise dominated by the time discretization error. In fact, in the limit of increasing spatial resolution, it makes little sense to use HO spatial discretizations coupled with low-order time discretizations. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Giraldo, F. X.] USN, Dept Appl Math, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Restelli, M.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. RP Giraldo, FX (reprint author), USN, Dept Appl Math, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM fxgirald@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research [PE-0602435N]; Naval Postgraduate School through a research initiative FX The first author (FXG) gratefully acknowledges the support of the Office of Naval Research through program element PE-0602435N and the Naval Postgraduate School through a research initiative grant. NR 42 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-2091 EI 1097-0363 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD JUL 30 PY 2010 VL 63 IS 9 BP 1077 EP 1102 DI 10.1002/fld.2118 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 627BC UT WOS:000280011900005 ER PT J AU Briggs, MS Fishman, GJ Connaughton, V Bhat, PN Paciesas, WS Preece, RD Wilson-Hodge, C Chaplin, VL Kippen, RM von Kienlin, A Meegan, CA Bissaldi, E Dwyer, JR Smith, DM Holzworth, RH Grove, JE Chekhtman, A AF Briggs, M. S. Fishman, G. J. Connaughton, V. Bhat, P. N. Paciesas, W. S. Preece, R. D. Wilson-Hodge, C. Chaplin, V. L. Kippen, R. M. von Kienlin, A. Meegan, C. A. Bissaldi, E. Dwyer, J. R. Smith, D. M. Holzworth, R. H. Grove, J. E. Chekhtman, A. TI First results on terrestrial gamma ray flashes from the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BREAKDOWN; SPACE; SPRITES; AIR AB The Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope detected 12 intense terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) during its first year of observation. Typical maximum energies for most of the TGFs are similar to 30 MeV, with one TGF having a 38 MeV photon; two of the TGFs are softer and longer than the others. After correcting for instrumental effects, a representative bright TGF is found to have a fluence of similar to 0.7 photons cm (2). Pulses are either symmetrical or have faster risetimes than fall times; they are well fit with Gaussian or lognormal functions. The fastest risetime observed was 7 mu s, constraining the source radius to be less than about 2 km from the velocity of light. TGFs with multiple pulses separated in time have been known since their discovery; the GBM sample also includes clear cases of partially overlapping pulses. Four TGFs are associated with lightning locations from the World Wide Lightning Location Network. With the several mu s absolute time accuracy of GBM, the time order can be confidently identified: one TGF occurred before the lightning, two were simultaneous, and one TGF occurred after the lightning. C1 [Briggs, M. S.; Connaughton, V.; Bhat, P. N.; Paciesas, W. S.; Preece, R. D.; Chaplin, V. L.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Fishman, G. J.; Wilson-Hodge, C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Paciesas, W. S.; Preece, R. D.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [von Kienlin, A.; Bissaldi, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Meegan, C. A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Dwyer, J. R.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Smith, D. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Holzworth, R. H.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kippen, R. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Grove, J. E.; Chekhtman, A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chekhtman, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Briggs, MS (reprint author), Univ Alabama, CSPAR, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM michael.briggs@nasa.gov; jerry.fishman@nasa.gov; mkippen@lanl.gov; azk@mpe.mpg.de; jdwyer@fit.edu; dsmith@scipp.ucsc.edu; bobholz@ess.washington.edu; eric.grove@nrl.navy.mil RI Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; OI Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335 FU NASA, United States; DRL, Germany; NSF [ATM 0607885] FX The Fermi GBM Collaboration acknowledges the support of NASA in the United States and DRL in Germany. This work was supported in part by NSF grant ATM 0607885. The authors wish to thank the World Wide Lightning Location Network, a collaboration among over 40 universities and institutions, for providing the lightning location data used in this paper. NR 39 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 30 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A07323 DI 10.1029/2009JA015242 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 634NQ UT WOS:000280590200004 ER PT J AU Johannes, MD Mazin, II Parker, DS AF Johannes, M. D. Mazin, I. I. Parker, D. S. TI Effect of doping and pressure on magnetism and lattice structure of iron-based superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID WAVE AB Using first-principles calculations, we analyze structural and magnetic trends as a function of charge doping and pressure in BaFe(2)As(2), and compare to experimentally established facts. We find that density-functional theory, while accurately reproducing the structural and magnetic ordering at ambient pressure, fails to reproduce some structural trends as pressure is increased. Most notably, the Fe-As bond length which is a gauge of the magnitude of the magnetic moment, mu, is rigid in experiment but soft in calculation, indicating residual local Coulomb interactions. By calculating the magnitude of the magnetic ordering energy, we show that the disruption of magnetic order as a function of pressure or doping can be qualitatively reproduced but that in calculation, it is achieved through diminishment of vertical bar mu vertical bar, and therefore likely does not reflect the same physics as detected in experiment. We also find that the strength of the stripe order as a function of doping is strongly site dependent: magnetism decreases monotonically with the number of electrons doped at the Fe site but increases monotonically with the number of electrons doped at the Ba site. Intraplanar magnetic ordering energy (the difference between checkerboard and stripe orderings) and interplanar coupling both follow a similar trend. C1 [Johannes, M. D.; Mazin, I. I.; Parker, D. S.] USN, Res Lab, Code 6393, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johannes, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6393, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 FU Office of Naval Research FX We acknowledge funding from the Office of Naval Research. NR 36 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 30 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 2 AR 024527 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.024527 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 633BP UT WOS:000280474800007 ER PT J AU Bousman, CA Glatt, SJ Cherner, M Atkinson, JH Grant, I Tsuang, MT Everall, IP AF Bousman, Chad A. Glatt, Stephen J. Cherner, Mariana Atkinson, J. Hampton Grant, Igor Tsuang, Ming T. Everall, Ian P. CA HNRC Grp TI Preliminary evidence of ethnic divergence in associations of putative genetic variants for methamphetamine dependence SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AKT1; COMT; OPRM1; ARRB2; BDNF; GSTP1 ID USE DISORDER; ABUSE; HAPLOTYPE; DRUG; GENOME; RISK AB Research into the biological processes that increase susceptibility to methamphetamine dependence has been conducted primarily in Asian populations. Using a case control design this study's purpose was to explore, among a population of methamphetamine-dependent Caucasians, six putative single nucleotide polymorphisms previously found to be associated with methamphetamine dependence in Asian populations. A total of 193 non-psychotic males (117 methamphetamine-dependent and 76 controls) were genotyped for variants located in six genes (AKT1, ARRB2, BDNF, COMT, GSTP1, OPRM1). Genotypic and allelic frequencies, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. None of the putative gene associations was significantly replicated in our sample of Caucasian men. Effect size comparisons suggest a trend toward allelic divergence for arrestin beta 2 (ARRB2) and glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) and allelic convergence for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Results provide preliminary support for further exploration and validation of candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for methamphetamine (METH) dependence reported among Asian populations across other ethnic/ancestral groups. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bousman, Chad A.; Glatt, Stephen J.; Tsuang, Ming T.; Everall, Ian P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Behav Genom, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Bousman, Chad A.; Cherner, Mariana; Atkinson, J. Hampton; Grant, Igor; Tsuang, Ming T.; Everall, Ian P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Bousman, Chad A.] San Diego State Univ Calif, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program Publ Hlth Hlth B, San Diego, CA USA. [Glatt, Stephen J.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Syracuse, NY USA. [Glatt, Stephen J.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Med Genet Res Ctr, Syracuse, NY USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. USN Hosp, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [HNRC Grp] Vet Affairs San Diego Healthcare Syst, San Diego, CA USA. RP Bousman, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Behav Genom, 140 Arbor Dr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM cbousman@ucsd.edu OI Glatt, Stephen/0000-0002-0360-7567; Bousman, Chad/0000-0001-6303-8696 FU United States National Institutes of Health [P01-DA12065, P30-MH62512] FX The authors wish to acknowledge support from the United States National Institutes of Health (grant numbers P01-DA12065 and P30-MH62512) and the contributions of study participants and staff at the HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center (HNRC), San Diego, CA, USA. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy. Department of Defense, nor the United States Government. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0165-1781 J9 PSYCHIAT RES JI Psychiatry Res. PD JUL 30 PY 2010 VL 178 IS 2 BP 295 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.07.019 PG 4 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 626TC UT WOS:000279988900013 PM 20478633 ER PT J AU Abelev, BI Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alakhverdyants, AV Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barnby, LS Baumgart, S Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Biritz, B Bland, LC Bonner, BE Bouchet, J Braidot, E Brandin, AV Bridgeman, A Bruna, E Bueltmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCDB Catu, O Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, KE Christie, W Chung, P Clarke, RF Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cosentino, MR Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Dash, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG DePhillips, M Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Didenko, L Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Efimov, LG Elhalhuli, E Elnimr, M Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Eun, L Evdokimov, O Fachini, P Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Fersch, RG Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Ganti, MS Garcia-Solis, EJ Geromitsos, A Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gordon, A Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Grube, B Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gupta, N Guryn, W Haag, B Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Han, LX Harris, JW Hays-Wehle, JP Heinz, M Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffman, AM Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Huo, L Igo, G Iordanova, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jakl, P Jena, C Jin, F Jones, CL Jones, PG Joseph, J Judd, EG Kabana, S Kajimoto, K Kang, K Kapitan, J Kauder, K Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Knospe, AG Kocoloski, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Kopytine, M Koralt, I Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Krus, M Kumar, L Kurnadi, P Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, L Li, N Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, Z Lin, G Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mall, OI Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McDonald, D McShane, TS Meschanin, A Milner, R Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mischke, A Mitrovski, MK Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nattrass, C Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Ng, MJ Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okada, H Okorokov, V Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Pile, P Planinic, M Ploskon, MA Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Poskanzer, AM Potukuchi, BVKS Powell, CB Prindle, D Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Redwine, R Reed, R Rehberg, JM Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Sahoo, R Sakai, S Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schuster, TR Seele, J Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shi, SS Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Tram, VN Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Leeuwen, M van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wingfield, E Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, Y Xie, W Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, W Xu, Y Xu, Z Xue, L Yang, Y Yepes, P Yip, K Yoo, IK Yue, Q Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhan, W Zhang, S Zhang, WM Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, J Zhou, W Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y AF Abelev, B. I. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alakhverdyants, A. V. Anderson, B. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Barnby, L. S. Baumgart, S. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Biritz, B. Bland, L. C. Bonner, B. E. Bouchet, J. Braidot, E. Brandin, A. V. Bridgeman, A. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Catu, O. Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, K. E. Christie, W. Chung, P. Clarke, R. F. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cosentino, M. R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Dash, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. DePhillips, M. Derevschikov, A. A. Derradi de Souza, R. Didenko, L. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Efimov, L. G. Elhalhuli, E. Elnimr, M. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Fachini, P. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Fersch, R. G. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Ganti, M. S. Garcia-Solis, E. J. Geromitsos, A. Geurts, F. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. N. Gordon, A. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Grube, B. Guertin, S. M. Gupta, A. Gupta, N. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hallman, T. J. Hamed, A. Han, L-X. Harris, J. W. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heinz, M. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffman, A. M. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Huang, H. Z. Humanic, T. J. Huo, L. Igo, G. Iordanova, A. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jakl, P. Jena, C. Jin, F. Jones, C. L. Jones, P. G. Joseph, J. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kajimoto, K. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kauder, K. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Knospe, A. G. Kocoloski, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Kopytine, M. Koralt, I. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Krus, M. Kumar, L. Kurnadi, P. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C-H. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, L. Li, N. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Lin, G. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mall, O. I. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Meschanin, A. Milner, R. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, A. Mitrovski, M. K. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nattrass, C. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Netrakanti, P. K. Ng, M. J. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okada, H. Okorokov, V. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Ploskon, M. A. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Powell, C. B. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Redwine, R. Reed, R. Rehberg, J. M. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Sahoo, R. Sakai, S. Sakrejda, I. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Schuster, T. R. Seele, J. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Symons, T. J. M. Szanto de Toledo, A. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarini, L. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trainor, T. A. Tram, V. N. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Leeuwen, M. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wingfield, E. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. Xie, W. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xue, L. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yip, K. Yoo, I-K. Yue, Q. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhan, W. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, J. Zhou, W. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. TI upsilon cross section in p plus p collisions at root s=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; J-PSI; SUPPRESSION; RESONANCES; DIMUON; GAMMA AB We report on a measurement of the gamma(1S + 2S + 3S) -> e(+)e(-) cross section at midrapidity in p + p collisions at root s = 200 GeV. We find the cross section to be 114 +/- 38(stat + fit)(-24)(+23)(syst) pb. Perturbative QCD calculations at next-to-leading order in the color evaporation model are in agreement with our measurement, while calculations in the color singlet model underestimate it by 2 sigma. Our result is consistent with the trend seen in world data as a function of the center-of-mass energy of the collision and extends the availability of gamma data to RHIC energies. The dielectron continuum in the invariant-mass range near the gamma is also studied to obtain a combined yield of e(+)e(-) pairs from the sum of the Drell-Yan process and b-(b) over bar production. C1 [Abelev, B. I.; Betts, R. R.; Evdokimov, O.; Garcia-Solis, E. J.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Iordanova, A.; Kauder, K.; Suarez, M. C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Bridgeman, A.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Barnby, L. S.; Burton, T. P.; Elhalhuli, E.; Jones, P. G.; Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; DePhillips, M.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fachini, P.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Gordon, A.; Guryn, W.; Hallman, T. J.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Ogawa, A.; Okada, H.; Perevoztchikov, V.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Ng, M. J.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Das, D.; Draper, J. E.; Haag, B.; Liu, H.; Mall, O. I.; Reed, R.; Romero, J. L.; Salur, S.; Sangaline, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Biritz, B.; Cendejas, R.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Guertin, S. M.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Kurnadi, P.; Sakai, S.; Staszak, D.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Whitten, C., Jr.; Xu, W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Derradi de Souza, R.; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; McShane, T. S.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Krus, M.; Pachr, M.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Chung, P.; Jakl, P.; Kapitan, J.; Kouchpil, V.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.] Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. [Kollegger, T.; Mitrovski, M. K.; Rehberg, J. M.; Schuster, T. R.; Stock, R.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany. [Dash, S.; Jena, C.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Phatak, S. C.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Selyuzhenkov, I.; Sowinski, J.; Stevens, J. R.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Bhasin, A.; Dogra, S. M.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, N.; Mangotra, L. K.; Potukuchi, B. V. K. S.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Alakhverdyants, A. V.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneev, R.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Anderson, B. D.; Bouchet, J.; Joseph, J.; Keane, D.; Kopytine, M.; Margetis, S.; Pandit, Y.; Subba, N. L.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.; Zhang, W. M.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Fatemi, R.; Fersch, R. G.; Korsch, W.; Webb, G.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Yang, Y.; Zhan, W.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Dong, X.; Grebenyuk, O.; Hjort, E.; Jacobs, P.; Kikola, D. P.; Kiryluk, J.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Odyniec, G.; Olson, D.; Ploskon, M. A.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Powell, C. B.; Ritter, H. G.; Rose, A.; Sakrejda, I.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X. M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Thomas, J. H.; Tram, V. N.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, Y.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balewski, J.; Betancourt, M. J.; Corliss, R.; Hays-Wehle, J. P.; Hoffman, A. M.; Jones, C. L.; Kocoloski, A.; Leight, W.; Milner, R.; Redwine, R.; Sakuma, T.; Seele, J.; Surrow, B.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Walker, M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.; Simon, F.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Tarnowsky, T.; Wang, H.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.; Timoshenko, S.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Lindenbaum, S. J.] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; van Leeuwen, M.] NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; van Leeuwen, M.] Univ Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Chajecki, Z.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bueltmann, S.; Koralt, I.; Plyku, D.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Kumar, L.; Pruthi, N. K.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Eun, L.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Matulenko, Yu. A.; Meschanin, A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Hirsch, A.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Skoby, M. J.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Ulery, J.; Wang, F.; Wang, Q.; Xie, W.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Choi, K. E.; Grube, B.; Lee, C-H.; Yoo, I-K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Bonner, B. E.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Liu, J.; Llope, W. J.; McDonald, D.; Roberts, J. B.; Yepes, P.; Zhou, J.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Cosentino, M. R.; Munhoz, M. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; Szanto de Toledo, A.] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, H. F.; Li, C.; Lu, Y.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Li, X.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhou, W.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Cai, X. Z.; Chen, J. H.; Han, L-X.; Jin, F.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Tian, J.; Xue, L.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Y. H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Erazmus, B.; Estienne, M.; Geromitsos, A.; Kabana, S.; Roy, C.; Sahoo, R.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Cervantes, M. C.; Clarke, R. F.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Djawotho, P.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Huo, L.; Mioduszewski, S.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Leyva, A. Davila; Hoffmann, G. W.; Kajimoto, K.; Li, L.; Markert, C.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Thein, D.; Wada, M.; Wingfield, E.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cheng, J.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Yue, Q.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Witt, R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Manweiler, R.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta; Ganti, M. S.; Ghosh, P.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Singaraju, R. N.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zawisza, M.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.; Kettler, D.; Prindle, D.; Trainor, T. A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bellwied, R.; De Silva, L. C.; Elnimr, M.; LaPointe, S.; Pruneau, C.; Sharma, M.; Tarini, L. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Chen, J. Y.; Li, N.; Li, Z.; Liu, F.; Shi, S. S.; Wu, Y.] CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Baumgart, S.; Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Catu, O.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Knospe, A. G.; Lin, G.; Majka, R.; Nattrass, C.; Putschke, J.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Abelev, BI (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Cosentino, Mauro/L-2418-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Xu, Wenqin/H-7553-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Nattrass, Christine/J-6752-2016; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Xue, Liang/F-8077-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Pandit, Yadav/I-2170-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Yang, Yanyun/B-9485-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012 OI Cosentino, Mauro/0000-0002-7880-8611; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Xu, Wenqin/0000-0002-5976-4991; Nattrass, Christine/0000-0002-8768-6468; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Xue, Liang/0000-0002-2321-9019; Pandit, Yadav/0000-0003-2809-7943; Yang, Yanyun/0000-0002-5982-1706; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; FU RHIC; RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; Open Science Grid consortium; U.S. DOE Office of Science; U.S. NSF; Sloan Foundation; DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe'' of Germany; CNRS/IN2P3; STFC; EPSRC, United Kingdom; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; GA; MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM; NWO of the Netherlands; DAE; DST; CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Korea Research Foundation; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic Of Croatia; Russian Ministry of Science and Technology; RosAtom of Russia FX The authors thank R. Vogt and J.-P. Lansberg for providing several calculations and for useful discussions. We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science, the U.S. NSF, the Sloan Foundation, the DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe'' of Germany, CNRS/IN2P3, STFC, and EPSRC of the United Kingdom, FAPESP CNPq of Brazil, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FOM and NWO of the Netherlands, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India, the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Korea Research Foundation, Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic Of Croatia, Russian Ministry of Science and Technology, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 42 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL 29 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 1 AR 012004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.82.012004 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 633BW UT WOS:000280475500002 ER PT J AU Blanco-Canosa, JB Medintz, IL Farrell, D Mattoussi, H Dawson, PE AF Blanco-Canosa, Juan B. Medintz, Igor L. Farrell, Dorothy Mattoussi, Hedi Dawson, Philip E. TI Rapid Covalent Ligation of Fluorescent Peptides to Water Solubilized Quantum Dots SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; IN-VIVO; NUCLEOPHILIC CATALYSIS; LIVING CELLS; PROTEIN; NANOCRYSTALS; LIGANDS; COMPLEXES; MOLECULES; CHEMISTRY AB Water solubilized nanoparticles such as CdSe-ZnS core-shell nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs) have great potential in bioimaging and sensing applications due to their excellent photophysical properties. However, the efficient modification of QDs with complex biomolecules represents a significant challenge. Here, we describe a straightforward arylhydrazone approach for the chemoselective covalent modification of QDs that is compatible with neutral pH and micromolar concentrations of the peptide target. The kinetics of covalent modification can be monitored spectroscopically at 354 nm in the presence of the QD and average peptide/QD ratios from 2:1 to 11:1 were achieved with excellent control over the desired valency. These results suggest that aniline catalyzed hydrazone ligation has the potencial to provide a general method for the controlled assembly of a variety of nanoparticle-biomolecule hybrids. C1 [Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Farrell, Dorothy; Mattoussi, Hedi] USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Chem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM mattoussi@chem.fsu.edu; dawson@scripps.edu FU NTH [GM059380]; European Community; NRL-NRC FX This work was supported by NTH GM059380 (P.E.D.), ONR, NRL-NSI and DTRA (I.L.M.). J.B.B.-C. is supported by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the seventh European Community Framework Programme and D.F. acknowledges a NRL-NRC fellowship. NR 55 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 6 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 28 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 29 BP 10027 EP 10033 DI 10.1021/ja910988d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 629VH UT WOS:000280227700036 PM 20597509 ER PT J AU Ashman, CR Hellberg, CS Halilov, S AF Ashman, Christopher R. Hellberg, C. Stephen Halilov, Samed TI Ferroelectricity in strained Ca0.5Sr0.5TiO3 from first principles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SRTIO3; SILICON; OXIDE; INSTABILITIES; COMPUTATION; PEROVSKITES AB We present a density-functional theory investigation of strained Ca0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (CSTO). We have determined the structure and polarization for a number of arrangements of Ca and Sr in a 2 x 2 x 2 supercell. The a and b lattice vectors are strained to match the lattice constants of the rotated Si(001) face. To set the context for the CSTO study, we also include simulations of the Si(001) constrained structures for CaTiO3 and SrTiO3. Our primary findings are that all Ca0.5Sr0.5TiO3 structures examined except one are ferroelectric, exhibiting polarizations ranging from 0.08 C/m(2) for the lowest energy configuration to about 0.26 C/m(2) for the higher energy configurations. We find that the configurations with larger polarizations have lower c/a ratios. The net polarization of the cell is the result of Ti-O ferroelectric displacements regulated by A-site cations. C1 [Hellberg, C. Stephen] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci Code 6393, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Halilov, Samed] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Ashman, CR (reprint author), 1602 W 42nd St, Richmond, VA 23225 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 28 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 2 AR 024112 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.024112 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 632ZT UT WOS:000280469600003 ER PT J AU LeardMann, CA Smith, B Ryan, MAK AF LeardMann, Cynthia A. Smith, Besa Ryan, Margaret A. K. TI Do adverse childhood experiences increase the risk of postdeployment posttraumatic stress disorder in US Marines? SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; MALE VIETNAM VETERANS; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; NATIONAL SAMPLE; PTSD SYMPTOMS; COMBAT; ABUSE; MILITARY; ASSOCIATION; DEPLOYMENT AB Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD) has been associated with combat intensity, lack of social support, and adverse childhood factors among military personnel in previous studies. It has not been well established if adverse childhood experiences reported predeployment are independently associated with postdeployment PTSD. Methods: Data were evaluated from 8,391 male responders of the Recruit Assessment Program survey at Marine Corps Recruit Depot in San Diego who were deployed in support of military conflicts between September 2001 and June 2004. Using patient medical records to determine PTSD diagnoses, Cox proportional hazard modeling was performed to examine if adverse childhood experiences were independently associated with postdeployment PTSD. Results: After adjustment, those who reported adverse childhood experiences in more than one category were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with postdeployment PTSD. Specifically, childhood physical neglect was mostly strongly associated with postdeployment PTSD. Conclusions: Findings suggest that Marines who experience multiple types of adverse childhood experiences may be at increased risk for postdeployment PTSD. It is possible, however, that these results indicate that men willing to report childhood adverse experiences are also more willing to seek care for PTSD. C1 [LeardMann, Cynthia A.; Smith, Besa; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] USN, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP LeardMann, CA (reprint author), USN, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM cynthia.leardmann@med.navy.mil FU Department of Defense [60002] FX This work represents report 09 05, supported by the Department of Defense, under work unit no. 60002. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the US Government. The funding organization had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, analysis, or preparation of data; or preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 12 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JUL 26 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 437 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-10-437 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 650QB UT WOS:000281863500002 PM 20659342 ER PT J AU Abi-Salloum, TY Henry, B Davis, JP Narducci, FA AF Abi-Salloum, T. Y. Henry, B. Davis, J. P. Narducci, F. A. TI Resonances and excitation pathways in four-level N-scheme atomic systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY AB In this work, we theoretically study the absorption and dispersion coefficients of a probe field in four-level N-scheme atomic systems driven by two additional fields. We separate the steady-state solution of the appropriate density matrix element into the sum of three resonances. The effect of each resonance on the overall absorption and dispersion experienced by the probe is studied as a function of the strengths of the two other fields. In the limit of low saturation, we reveal the physics of these resonances and associate them with atomic excitation pathways, which we explicitly explain in the bare-states picture. C1 [Abi-Salloum, T. Y.; Henry, B.] Widener Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Chester, PA 19013 USA. [Davis, J. P.; Narducci, F. A.] Naval Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Abi-Salloum, TY (reprint author), Widener Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Chester, PA 19013 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX Two of us (J.P.D and F.A.N) gratefully acknowledge financial support from an In-House Laboratory Innovative Research (ILIR) grant from the Office of Naval Research. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 26 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 1 AR 013834 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.013834 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 630SC UT WOS:000280292700022 ER PT J AU Lebedev, N Griva, I Trammell, SA Kedziora, GS Tender, LM Schnur, J AF Lebedev, Nikolai Griva, Igor Trammell, Scott A. Kedziora, Gary S. Tender, Leonard M. Schnur, Joel TI On the Role of Oxygen in the Formation of Electron Transmission Channels in Oligo(Phenylene Vinylene) Quinone Molecular Conductance SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-MOLECULE; TRANSPORT; BRIDGES; HYDROQUINONE; SURFACES; SYSTEMS; GOLD AB Electron transmission parameters of oligo(phenylene vinylene) quinone (OPVQ) placed between two gold electrodes were calculated ab initio using density functional theory (DFT) with the nonequilibrium Green's function method. Compared to oligo(phenylene vinylene) (OPV)(3), the introduction of oxygen atoms into the phenyl ring for OPVQ leads to the appearance of a narrow transmission band at close proximity to the electrode Fermi levels. This band allows OPVQ to operate as an efficient n-type conductor with a single molecular electron transfer efficiency approaching I G(0) (quantum conductance). The close location to the Fermi level and the narrow shape of the band lead to high and stable molecular conductivity even at a very low bias. The presence of an efficient transmission hand close to the electrode Fermi level explains experimentally observed high molecular conductance of OPVQ, which will allow this molecule to be used in low band gap molecular electronic devices. C1 [Lebedev, Nikolai; Trammell, Scott A.; Tender, Leonard M.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Griva, Igor] George Mason Univ, Dept Math, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Griva, Igor] George Mason Univ, Dept Computat & Data Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Kedziora, Gary S.] High Performance Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schnur, Joel] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Lebedev, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nikolai.lebedev@nrl.navy.mil FU AFOSR; NRL base programs FX This work was supported in part by AFOSR and NRL base programs. The authors are very thankful to Anders Blom (QuantumWise A/S) for fruitful discussion of the calculation approaches. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUL 22 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 28 BP 12341 EP 12345 DI 10.1021/jp1031042 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 624AD UT WOS:000279787600037 ER PT J AU Zope, RR Baruah, T Richardson, SL Pederson, MR Dunlap, BI AF Zope, Rajendra R. Baruah, Tunna Richardson, Steven L. Pederson, Mark R. Dunlap, Brett I. TI Optical excitation energies, Stokes shift, and spin-splitting of C24H72Si14 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; SILICON QUANTUM DOTS; VARIATIONAL X-ALPHA; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; SI NANOCRYSTALS; CYCLOHEXAMANTANE C26H30; DIAMONDOID MOLECULE; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; ROW ATOMS; EXCHANGE AB As an initial step toward the synthesis and characterization of sila-diamondoids, such as sila-adamantane (Si10H16,T-d), the synthesis of a fourfold silylated sila-adamantane molecule (C24H72Si14,T-d) has been reported in literature [Fischer et al., Science 310, 825 (2005)]. We present the electronic structure, ionization energies, quasiparticle gap, and the excitation energies for the Si-14(CH3)(24) and the exact silicon analog of adamantane Si10H16 obtained at the all-electron level using the delta-self-consistent-field and transitional state methods within two different density functional models: (i) Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation and (ii) fully analytic density functional (ADFT) implementation with atom dependent potential. The ADFT is designed so that molecules separate into atoms having exact atomic energies. The calculations within the two models agree well, to within 0.25 eV for optical excitations. The effect of structural relaxation in the presence of electron-hole-pair excitations is examined to obtain its contribution to the luminescence Stokes shift. The spin-influence on exciton energies is also determined. Our calculations indicate overall decrease in the absorption, emission, quasiparticle, and highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gaps, ionization energies. Stokes shift, and exciton binding energy when passivating hydrogens in the Si10H16 are replaced with electron donating groups such as methyl (Me) and trimehylsilyl (-Si(Me)(3)). (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3459056] C1 [Zope, Rajendra R.; Richardson, Steven L.] Howard Univ, Sch Engn, NSF CREST Ctr Nanomat Characterizat Sci & Proc Te, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Zope, Rajendra R.; Baruah, Tunna] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Phys, El Paso, TX 79958 USA. [Richardson, Steven L.; Pederson, Mark R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dunlap, Brett I.] USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zope, RR (reprint author), Howard Univ, Sch Engn, NSF CREST Ctr Nanomat Characterizat Sci & Proc Te, 2300 6th St NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM rzope@utep.edu OI Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 FU Office of Naval Research through Naval Research Laboratory; NSF [HRD-0317607]; Office of Naval Research; [TG-DMR090071] FX This work is supported in part by the Office of Naval Research, directly and through the Naval Research Laboratory. R.R.Z. and S.L.R. are grateful for support from NSF CREST Grant No. HRD-0317607. S.L.R. also acknowledges financial support from the Office of Naval Research-American Society for Engineering Education Summer Research Program. The support for computational time through the TG-DMR090071 grant is gratefully acknowledged. NR 68 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 21 PY 2010 VL 133 IS 3 AR 034301 DI 10.1063/1.3459056 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 634QB UT WOS:000280596900023 PM 20649324 ER PT J AU Lynch, BJ Li, Y Thernisien, AFR Robbrecht, E Fisher, GH Luhmann, JG Vourlidas, A AF Lynch, B. J. Li, Y. Thernisien, A. F. R. Robbrecht, E. Fisher, G. H. Luhmann, J. G. Vourlidas, A. TI Sun to 1 AU propagation and evolution of a slow streamer-blowout coronal mass ejection SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC CLOUDS; FLUX-ROPES; SOLAR-WIND; LASCO OBSERVATIONS; SOHO LASCO; MODEL; HELICITY; ROTATION; EARTH; RECONNECTION AB We present a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the classic, slow streamer blowout CME of 1 June 2008 observed by the STEREO twin spacecraft to infer relevant properties of the pre-eruption source region which includes a substantial portion of the coronal helmet streamer belt. The CME was directed similar to 40 degrees East of the Sun-Earth line and the Heliospheric Imager observations are consistent with the CME propagating essentially radially to 1 AU. The elongation-time J-map constructed from the STEREO-A HI images tracks the arrival of two density peaks that bound the magnetic flux rope ICME seen at STEREO-B on 6 June 2008. From the STEREO-A elongation-time plots we measure the ICME flux rope radial size R-c(t) and find it well approximated by the constant expansion value V-exp = 24.5 km/s obtained from the STEREO-B declining velocity profile within the magnetic cloud. The flux rope spatial orientation, determined by forward modeling fits to the STEREO COR2 and HI1 data, approaches the observed 1 AU flux rope orientation and suggests large-scale rotation during propagation, as predicted by recent numerical simulations. We compare the ICME flux content to the PFSS model coronal field for Carrington Rotation 2070 and find sufficient streamer belt flux to account for the observed ICME poloidal/twist flux if reconnection during CME initiation process is responsible for the conversion of overlying field into the flux rope twist component in the standard fashion. However, the PFSS model field cannot account for the ICME toroidal/axial flux component. We estimate the field strength of the pre-eruption sheared/axial component in the low corona and the timescales required to accumulate this energized pre-eruption configuration via differential rotation and flux cancelation by supergranular diffusion at the polarity inversion line. We show that both mechanisms are capable of generating the desired shear component over time periods of roughly 1-2 months. We discuss the implications for slow streamer-blowout CMEs arising as a natural consequence of the corona's re-adjustment to the long term evolutionary driving of the photospheric fields. C1 [Lynch, B. J.; Li, Y.; Fisher, G. H.; Luhmann, J. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Thernisien, A. F. R.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Robbrecht, E.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Thernisien, A. F. R.; Robbrecht, E.; Vourlidas, A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lynch, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM blynch@ssl.berkeley.edu; yanli@ssl.berkeley.edu; arnaud.thernisien.ctr.fr@nrl.navy.mil; eva.robbrecht@oma.be; fisher@ssl.berkeley.edu; jgluhman@ssl.berkeley.edu; angelos.vourlidas@nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Lynch, Benjamin/B-1300-2013; Fisher, George/G-1380-2015; OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Fisher, George/0000-0002-6912-5704; Lynch, Benjamin/0000-0001-6886-855X FU NASA [NNX08AJ04G, NNG06GE51G] FX The authors would like to thank B. T. Welsch for helpful discussion. BJL, YL, and JGL gratefully acknowledge support from NASA HGIP NNX08AJ04G, NASA SRT NNG06GE51G, and SSL/UCB participation in the Center for Integrated Space-weather Modeling (CISM) collaboration NSF ATM-0120950. Support for the STEREO mission in situ data processing and analysis was provided through NASA contracts to the IMPACT (NAS5-03131) and PLASTIC (NAS5-00132) teams. SECCHI data used here were produced by an international consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory (USA), Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab (USA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (USA), Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), University of Birmingham (UK), Max-Planck-Institut for Solar System Research (Germany), Centre Spatiale de Liege (Belgium), Institut d'Optique Theorique et Appliquee (France), and Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (France). SOHO is a project of international cooperation of ESA and NASA. NR 86 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 21 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A07106 DI 10.1029/2009JA015099 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 631HO UT WOS:000280337600005 ER PT J AU Stewart, MH Susumu, K Mei, BC Medintz, IL Delehanty, JB Blanco-Canosa, JB Dawson, PE Mattoussi, H AF Stewart, Michael H. Susumu, Kimihiro Mei, Bing C. Medintz, Igor L. Delehanty, James B. Blanco-Canosa, Juan B. Dawson, Philip E. Mattoussi, Hedi TI Multidentate Poly(ethylene glycol) Ligands Provide Colloidal Stability to Semiconductor and Metallic Nanocrystals in Extreme Conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZATION SIGNAL PEPTIDE; ZNS QUANTUM DOTS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; MULTIFUNCTIONAL LIGANDS; CHELATING ALKANETHIOLS; CELL-NUCLEUS; PROTEINS; DELIVERY; ASSAYS; ACID AB We present the design and synthesis of a new set of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based ligands appended with multidentate anchoring groups and test their ability to provide colloidal stability to semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in extreme buffer conditions. The ligands are made of a PEG segment appended with two thioctic acid (TA) or two dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) anchoring groups, bis(TA)-PEG-OCH(3) or bis(DHLA)-PEG-OCH(3). The synthesis utilizes Michael addition to create a branch point at the end of a PEG chain combined with carbodiimide-coupling to attach two TA groups per PEG chain. Dispersions of CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs and AuNPs with remarkable long-term colloidal stability at pHs ranging from 1.1 to 13.9 and in the presence of 2 M NaCl have been prepared and tested using these ligands. AuNPs with strong resistance to competition from dithiothreitol (as high as 1.5 M) have also been prepared. This opens up possibilities for using them as stable probes in a variety of bio-related studies where resistance to degradation at extreme pHs, at high electrolyte concentration, and in thiol-rich environments is highly desirable. The improved colloidal stability of nanocrystals afforded by the tetradentate ligands was further demonstrated via the assembly of stable QD-nuclear localization signal peptide bioconjugates that promoted intracellular uptake. C1 [Stewart, Michael H.; Susumu, Kimihiro; Mei, Bing C.; Mattoussi, Hedi] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Medintz, Igor L.; Delehanty, James B.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Chem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM mattoussi@chem.fsu.edu FU NRL, Office of Naval Research (ONR), DTRA basic research; National Research Council through the Naval Research Laboratory FX We acknowledge NRL, Office of Naval Research (ONR), DTRA basic research for financial support. M.H.S acknowledges a National Research Council Fellowship through the Naval Research Laboratory. We also thank Dorothy Farrell for assistance with some experimental details. NR 44 TC 118 Z9 118 U1 4 U2 77 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 21 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 28 BP 9804 EP 9813 DI 10.1021/ja102898d PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 628AQ UT WOS:000280086800059 PM 20578776 ER PT J AU Melendez, M Kraemer, SB Schmitt, HR AF Melendez, M. Kraemer, S. B. Schmitt, H. R. TI A new radio loudness diagnostic for active galaxies: a radio-to-mid-infrared parameter SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Galaxy: stellar content; galaxies: Seyfert; infrared: galaxies ID BLACK-HOLE MASS; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; EXTENDED 12-MU-M SAMPLE; X-RAY LUMINOSITY; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; GALACTIC NUCLEI; STAR-FORMATION; LIMITED SAMPLE; MU-M; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS AB We have studied the relationship between the nuclear (high-resolution) radio emission, at 8.4 GHz (3.6 cm) and 1.4 GHz (20 cm), the [O iv] lambda 25.89 mu m, [Ne iii] lambda 15.56 mu m and [Ne ii] lambda 12.81 mu m emission lines and the black hole mass accretion rate for a sample of Seyfert galaxies. In order to characterize the radio contribution for the Seyfert nuclei we used the 8.4 GHz/[O iv] ratio, assuming that [O iv] scales with the luminosity of the active galactic nuclei (AGN). From this we find that Seyfert 1s (i.e. Seyfert 1.0s, 1.2s and 1.5s) and Seyfert 2s (i.e. Seyfert 1.8s, 1.9s and 2.0s) have similar radio contributions, relative to the AGN. On the other hand, sources in which the [Ne ii] emission is dominated either by the AGN or star formation have statistically different radio contributions, with star formation dominated sources more 'radio loud', by a factor of similar to 2.8 on average, than AGN dominated sources. We show that star formation dominated sources with relatively larger radio contribution have smaller mass accretion rates. Overall, we suggest that 8.4 GHz/[O iv], or alternatively, 1.4 GHz/[O iv] ratios, can be used to characterize the radio contribution, relative to the AGN, without the limitation of previous methods that rely on optical observables. C1 [Melendez, M.; Kraemer, S. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Melendez, M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kraemer, S. B.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Schmitt, H. R.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schmitt, H. R.] Interferometrics Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. RP Melendez, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM marcio.b.melendez@nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation FX We thank the referee for very useful comments that improved the paper. We would also like to acknowledge D. M. Crenshaw for valuable comments on the work. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. Also, this research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Data base (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The VLA is operated by the US National Radio Astronomy Observatory which is operated by Associated Universities, Inc., under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. SMART was developed by the IRS Team at Cornell University and is available through the Spitzer Science Center at Caltech. Basic research in astronomy at the NRL is supported by 6.1 base funding. NR 98 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 21 PY 2010 VL 406 IS 1 BP 493 EP 504 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16679.x PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 623TI UT WOS:000279766800061 ER PT J AU Lucke, RL Grun, J Manka, C Nikitin, S AF Lucke, Robert L. Grun, Jacob Manka, Charles Nikitin, Sergei TI Specular integrating tube for scattered-light spectroscopy SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN CELL AB A cylindrical sample cell is adapted to the problem of increasing the scattered-light signal from an optically thin liquid sample. The ends of the cylinder are coated with specularly reflecting aluminum to increase the signal by reflecting the stimulating light beam through the medium multiple times. The circumference of the cylinder is similarly coated to increase the fraction of the emitted light that is collected and sent into the slit of a spectrometer. Such a cell can greatly increase the signal measured by an analysis system without any modifications to the system. C1 [Lucke, Robert L.; Grun, Jacob] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Manka, Charles; Nikitin, Sergei] Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Lucke, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7231, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM robert.lucke@nrl.navy.mil RI Nikitin, Sergei/A-7156-2012 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 21 BP 4063 EP 4066 DI 10.1364/AO.49.004063 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 628LY UT WOS:000280122800007 PM 20648190 ER PT J AU Edmondson, JK Antiochos, SK DeVore, CR Zurbuchen, TH AF Edmondson, J. K. Antiochos, S. K. DeVore, C. R. Zurbuchen, T. H. TI FORMATION AND RECONNECTION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL CURRENT SHEETS IN THE SOLAR CORONA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: corona; Sun: magnetic topology ID HYPERBOLIC FLUX TUBES; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; MASS EJECTIONS; ENERGY-RELEASE; FIELDS; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; MODEL; ERUPTIONS; BREAKOUT AB Current-sheet formation and magnetic reconnection are believed to be the basic physical processes responsible for much of the activity observed in astrophysical plasmas, such as the Sun's corona. We investigate these processes for a magnetic configuration consisting of a uniform background field and an embedded line dipole, a topology that is expected to be ubiquitous in the corona. This magnetic system is driven by a uniform horizontal flow applied at the line-tied photosphere. Although both the initial field and the driver are translationally symmetric, the resulting evolution is calculated using a fully three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic simulation with adaptive mesh refinement that resolves the current sheet and reconnection dynamics in detail. The advantage of our approach is that it allows us to directly apply the vast body of knowledge gained from the many studies of two-dimensional (2D) reconnection to the fully 3D case. We find that a current sheet forms in close analogy to the classic Syrovatskii 2D mechanism, but the resulting evolution is different than expected. The current sheet is globally stable, showing no evidence for a disruption or a secondary instability even for aspect ratios as high as 80:1. The global evolution generally follows the standard Sweet-Parker 2D reconnection model except for an accelerated reconnection rate at a very thin current sheet, due to the tearing instability and the formation of magnetic islands. An interesting conclusion is that despite the formation of fully 3D structures at small scales, the system remains close to 2D at global scales. We discuss the implications of our results for observations of the solar corona. C1 [Edmondson, J. K.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Antiochos, S. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [DeVore, C. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zurbuchen, T. H.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Edmondson, JK (reprint author), NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jkedmond@umich.edu RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; DeVore, C/A-6067-2015 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X FU NASA; DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program FX This work was supported in part by the NASA HTP and SR&T programs. J.K.E. acknowledges support from the NASA GSRP Program. The numerical simulation was performed under a grant of time from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2010 VL 718 IS 1 BP 72 EP 85 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/718/1/72 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 631IU UT WOS:000280340800010 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Allafort, A Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Brandt, TJ Bregeon, J Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Chekhtman, A Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Dermer, CD de Palma, F Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Fukazawa, Y Fukui, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gehrels, N Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hays, E Horan, D Hughes, RE Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lee, SH Lemoine-Goumard, M Garde, ML Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakamori, T Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohno, M Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Rodriguez, Y Roth, M Sadrozinski, HFW Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Tibolla, O Torres, DF Tosti, G Uchiyama, Y Uehara, T Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Yamamoto, H Yamazaki, R Yang, Z Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Allafort, A. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Brandt, T. J. Bregeon, J. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Chekhtman, A. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Dermer, C. D. de Palma, F. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Fukazawa, Y. Fukui, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lee, S. -H. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Garde, M. Llena Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakamori, T. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohno, M. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Rodriguez, Y. Roth, M. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Tibolla, O. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Uchiyama, Y. Uehara, T. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Yamamoto, H. Yamazaki, R. Yang, Z. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF THE SUPERNOVA REMNANT W28 (G6.4-0.1) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; cosmic rays; gamma rays: ISM; ISM: individual objects (W28, G6.4-0.1); ISM: supernova remnants ID GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; H-II REGIONS; SHOCKED MOLECULAR GAS; GALACTIC COSMIC-RAYS; MHZ OH MASERS; IC 443; DISCOVERY; OUTFLOW; CLOUDS; W44 AB We present detailed analysis of two gamma-ray sources, 1FGL J1801.3-2322c and 1FGL J1800.5-2359c, that have been found toward the supernova remnant (SNR) W28 with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. 1FGL J1801.3-2322c is found to be an extended source within the boundary of SNR W28, and to extensively overlap with the TeV gamma-ray source HESS J1801-233, which is associated with a dense molecular cloud interacting with the SNR. The gamma-ray spectrum measured with the LAT from 0.2 to 100 GeV can be described by a broken power-law function with a break at similar to 1 GeV and photon indices of 2.09 +/- 0.08 (stat) +/- 0.28 (sys) below the break and 2.74 +/- 0.06 (stat) +/- 0.09 (sys) above the break. Given the clear association between HESS J1801-233 and the shocked molecular cloud and a smoothly connected spectrum in the GeV-TeV band, we consider the origin of the gamma-ray emission in both GeV and TeV ranges to be the interaction between particles accelerated in the SNR and the molecular cloud. The decay of neutral pions produced in interactions between accelerated hadrons and dense molecular gas provides a reasonable explanation for the broadband gamma-ray spectrum. 1FGL J1800.5-2359c, located outside the southern boundary of SNR W28, cannot be resolved. An upper limit on the size of the gamma-ray emission was estimated to be similar to 16' using events above similar to 2 GeV under the assumption of a circular shape with uniform surface brightness. It appears to coincide with the TeV source HESS J1800-240B, which is considered to be associated with a dense molecular cloud that contains the ultra compact H II region W28A2 (G5.89-0.39). We found no significant gamma-ray emission in the LAT energy band at the positions of TeV sources HESS J1800-230A and HESS J1800-230C. The LAT data for HESS J1800-230A combined with the TeV data points indicate a spectral break between 10 GeV and 100 GeV. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, CNRS,Lab AIM,CEA IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Carrigan, S.; Rando, R.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brandt, T. J.; Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Brandt, T. J.; Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rodriguez, Y.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; Yang, Z.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; Yang, Z.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Dumora, D.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Uehara, T.; Yamazaki, R.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Fukui, Y.; Yamamoto, H.] Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Nakamori, T.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ohno, M.; Ozaki, M.; Takahashi, T.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tibolla, O.] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM katagiri@hep01.hepl.hiroshima-u.ac.jp; htajima@slac.stanford.edu; ttanaka@slac.stanford.edu; uchiyama@slac.stanford.edu RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726 FU K.A. Wallenberg Foundation; International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP) program.; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy, United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules, France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Japan; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board, Sweden FX Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow, funded by a grant from the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation.; Partially supported by the International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP) program.; The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden.; Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. NR 48 TC 128 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2010 VL 718 IS 1 BP 348 EP 356 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/718/1/348 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 631IU UT WOS:000280340800029 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM Link, WA Murphy, KD Olson, CC AF Nichols, J. M. Link, W. A. Murphy, K. D. Olson, C. C. TI A Bayesian approach to identifying structural nonlinearity using free-decay response: Application to damage detection in composites SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; PROBABILISTIC APPROACH; SYSTEM-IDENTIFICATION; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; UPDATING MODELS; SIMULATION; UNCERTAINTIES AB This work discusses a Bayesian approach to approximating the distribution of parameters governing nonlinear structural systems. Specifically, we use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method for sampling the posterior parameter distributions thus producing both point and interval estimates for parameters. The method is first used to identify both linear and nonlinear parameters in a multiple degree-of-freedom structural systems using free-decay vibrations. The approach is then applied to the problem of identifying the location, size, and depth of delamination in a model composite beam. The influence of additive Gaussian noise on the response data is explored with respect to the quality of the resulting parameter estimates. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nichols, J. M.; Olson, C. C.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Link, W. A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Murphy, K. D.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.nichols@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-WX-2-1002] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Office of Naval Research under contract No. N00014-09-WX-2-1002 for providing funding for this work. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X EI 1095-8568 J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD JUL 19 PY 2010 VL 329 IS 15 BP 2995 EP 3007 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2010.02.004 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 595WV UT WOS:000277645300002 ER PT J AU Caffey, D Day, T Kim, CS Kim, M Vurgaftman, I Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Canedy, CL Abell, J Meyer, JR AF Caffey, David Day, Timothy Kim, Chul Soo Kim, Mijin Vurgaftman, Igor Bewley, William W. Lindle, J. Ryan Canedy, Chadwick L. Abell, Joshua Meyer, Jerry R. TI Performance characteristics of a continuous-wave compact widely tunable external cavity interband cascade lasers SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB We present the design and performance of a novel broadly tunable continuous-wave external-cavity interband cascade laser (ECicL). The ICL die growth and fabrication, as well as the external cavity geometry are described. Tuning across the 3.2-3.35 mu m wavelength range, limited by the gain width of the ICL active medium, is achieved at a maximum power level of 4 mW. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Caffey, David; Day, Timothy] Daylight Solut Inc, Poway, CA 92064 USA. [Kim, Chul Soo; Kim, Mijin; Vurgaftman, Igor; Meyer, Jerry R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Caffey, D (reprint author), Daylight Solut Inc, 13029 Danielson St,Suite 130, Poway, CA 92064 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil FU ONR; PNNL of DOE FX Support for NRL was provided by ONR. Daylight Solutions acknowledges support from PNNL of DOE. NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 19 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 15 BP 15691 EP 15696 DI 10.1364/OE.18.015691 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 635YG UT WOS:000280693300047 PM 20720951 ER PT J AU Raphael, MP Christodoulides, JA Qadri, SN Simpkins, BS Byers, JM AF Raphael, Marc P. Christodoulides, Joseph A. Qadri, Syed N. Simpkins, Blake S. Byers, Jeff M. TI Magnetic moment degradation of nanowires in biological media: real-time monitoring with SQUID magnetometry SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BICARBONATE SOLUTIONS; NICKEL NANOWIRES; DRUG-DELIVERY; NANOPARTICLES; OXIDE; COBALT; SPECTROSCOPY; HYPERTHERMIA; HYDROXIDE; CATALYSTS AB Magnetic nanoparticles are used throughout biology for applications from targeted drug and gene delivery to the labeling of cells. These nanoparticles typically react with the biological medium to which they are introduced, resulting in a diminished magnetic moment. The rate at which their magnetic moment is diminished limits their utility for targeting and can signal the unintended release of surface-functionalized biomolecules. A foreknowledge of the time-dependent degradation of the magnetic moment in a given medium can aid in the selection of the optimal buffering solution and in the prediction of a reasonable experimental time frame. With this goal in mind, we have developed a SQUID magnetometer based methodology for measuring the saturation magnetic moment of nanoparticles in real time while immersed in a biological medium. Measurements on Co and Ni nanowires in a variety of commonly used buffered salines demonstrated that the technique has the dynamic range and sensitivity to detect the rapid reduction in moment due to active corrosion as well as much more subtle changes from the formation of a passivating surface oxide layer. In order to correlate the magnetic moment reductions to these specific chemical processes, samples were additionally characterized using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The most reactive buffers studied were found to be phosphate and carbonate based, which caused active corrosion of the Co nanowires but only a comparatively slow passivation of the Ni nanowires by oxidation. C1 [Raphael, Marc P.; Christodoulides, Joseph A.; Qadri, Syed N.; Simpkins, Blake S.; Byers, Jeff M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Raphael, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marc.raphael@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX We thank L K Kurihara, W E O'Grady and F J Martin for thoughtful comments and discussions. Portions of this work were funded by the Office of Naval Research. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JUL 16 PY 2010 VL 21 IS 28 AR 285101 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/21/28/285101 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 617CT UT WOS:000279259100001 PM 20562492 ER PT J AU Scajev, P Gudelis, V Jarasiunas, K Klein, PB AF Scajev, P. Gudelis, V. Jarasiunas, K. Klein, P. B. TI Fast and slow carrier recombination transients in highly excited 4H-and 3C-SiC crystals at room temperature SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AUGER RECOMBINATION; SURFACE RECOMBINATION; ABSORPTION; 4H; 3C; PARAMETERS; DEPENDENCE; LIFETIME; SILICON; 6H AB Nonequilibrium carrier recombination in highly excited epitaxial layers of 4H-SiC and free standing 3C-SiC was analyzed numerically and studied experimentally by the time-resolved free carrier absorption (FCA) technique. The measurement setup combined interband carrier excitation by a picosecond laser pulse and probing of carrier dynamics at excess carrier densities in the Delta N = 10(17)-10(20) cm(-3) range by optically or electronically delayed probe pulses, thus providing temporal resolution of 10 ps and 10 ns, respectively. FCA decay kinetics at different excitation levels and subsequent numerical modeling were used to determine the bulk lifetime, surface recombination velocity, and bimolecular (B) and Auger recombination (C) coefficients at 300 K. Bulk lifetimes of similar to 800 ns and similar to 65 ns were determined in 4H and 3C epitaxial layers, respectively. The numerical fitting of FCA kinetics in the 4H layer provided values of B = (1.2 +/- 0.4) x 10(-12) cm(3)/s and C = (7 +/- 4) x 10(-31) cm(6)/s at lower excitations while the Auger coefficient decreased to C = (0.8 +/- 0.2) x 10(-31) cm(6)/s at Delta N similar to 10(20) cm(-3) due to screening of the Coulomb-enhanced Auger recombination. In 3C crystals, these values were measured to be B = (2.0 +/- 0.5) x 10(-12) cm(3)/s and C = (2.0 +/- 0.5) x 10(-32) cm(6)/s. The tendency for a strongly increased surface recombination rate in 3C at high excitation conditions was observed experimentally and associated with the screening of the surface potential by the high density carrier plasma. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3459894] C1 [Scajev, P.; Gudelis, V.; Jarasiunas, K.] Vilnius State Univ, Inst Appl Res, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Klein, P. B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scajev, P (reprint author), Vilnius State Univ, Inst Appl Res, Sauletekio Al 9-3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania. EM patrik.scajev@ff.vu.lt FU European Commission [MRTN-CT-2006-35735, E!4473] FX The research was supported by European Commission FP6 Contract No. MRTN-CT-2006-35735 and EUREKA Project No. E!4473. One of authors (K.J.) acknowledges Hiroyuki Nagasawa for interest in characterization of 3C-SiC/Si by innovative nonlinear optical techniques. NR 24 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 2 AR 023705 DI 10.1063/1.3459894 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 638QL UT WOS:000280909900038 ER PT J AU Suarez, SN Jayakody, JRP Greenbaum, SG Zawodzinski, T Fontanella, JJ AF Suarez, Sophia N. Jayakody, Jay R. P. Greenbaum, Steve G. Zawodzinski, Thomas, Jr. Fontanella, John J. TI A Fundamental Study of the Transport Properties of Aqueous Superacid Solutions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PROTON CONDUCTIVITY; FIELD GRADIENT; HYDROXYL IONS; LIQUID WATER; SPIN ECHOES; ACID; MEMBRANES; SOLVATION; MECHANISM; DIFFUSION AB An extensive investigation of the transport properties of aqueous acid solutions was undertaken. The acids studied were trifluoromethanesulfonic (CF3SO3H), bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [(CF3SO7)(2)NH], and para-toluenesulfonic (CH3C6H4SO3H), of which the first two are considered superacids. NMR measurements of self-diffusion coefficients (D), spin lattice relaxation times (T-1), and chemical shifts, in addition to ionic conductivity (sigma), viscosity (eta), and density measurements, were performed at 30 degrees C over the concentration range of 2-112 water to acid molecules. Results showed broad maxima in sigma for all three acids in the concentration range of 12-20 water to acid molecules. This coincided with minima in anion Ds and is attributed to a local molecular ordering, reduced solution dielectric permittivity, and increased ionic interactions. The location of the maxima in sigma correlates with what is observed for hydrated sulfonated perfluoropolymers such as Nation, which gives a maximum in ionic transport when the ratio of water to acid molecules is about 15-20. Of the three acids, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide was found to be the least dependent on hydration level. The occurrence of the anticorrelation between the ionic conductivity maximum and the anion self-diffusion minimum supports excess proton mobility in this region and may offer additional information on the strength of hydrogen bonding in aqueous media as well as on the role of high acid concentration in the Grotthuss proton transport mechanism. C1 [Suarez, Sophia N.] CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Phys, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. [Jayakody, Jay R. P.; Greenbaum, Steve G.] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Zawodzinski, Thomas, Jr.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Fontanella, John J.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Suarez, SN (reprint author), CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Phys, 2900 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. EM SNSuarez@brooklyn.cuny.edu OI Suarez, Sophia /0000-0001-6246-3498 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research; National Institutes of Health; National Science Foundation FX This research was supported in part by a grant from the U.S. Office of Naval Research. Fellowship support for S.S. was provided by the MBRS-RISE (funded by the National Institutes of Health) and LSAMP (funded by the National Science Foundation) programs. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 15 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 27 BP 8941 EP 8947 DI 10.1021/jp909572q PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 620NY UT WOS:000279507800015 PM 20568805 ER PT J AU Ramaker, DE Gatewood, D Korovina, A Garsany, Y Swider-Lyons, KE AF Ramaker, David E. Gatewood, Daniel Korovina, Anna Garsany, Yannick Swider-Lyons, Karen E. TI Resolving Sulfur Oxidation and Removal from Pt and Pt3Co Electrocatalysts Using in Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID PT/VULCAN CARBON ELECTROCATALYSTS; OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; MEMBRANE FUEL-CELLS; PLATINUM-ELECTRODE; ANION ADSORPTION; FINE-STRUCTURE; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGEN ADSORPTION; SULFATE ADSORPTION; TRANSITION-METALS AB Adsorbed sulfur is a poison to the Pt catalysts used in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, but it can be removed by potential cycling. This process is studied for Si-poisoned nanoscale Pt- and Pt3Co- on Vulcan carbon (Pt/VC and Pt3Co/VC) in perchloric acid electrolyte using the Delta mu adsorbate isolation technique for in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The Delta mu technique is modified to better distinguish the Delta mu signatures for H, O, and S-x on Pt. The resulting Delta mu analysis suggests that SO2 on nanoscale Pt is oxidized to bisulfate or sulfate species in two regions, near 1.05 V on the cluster edges of the Pt nanoparticle, and at higher potentials from the Pt(111) faces where oxygen is less strongly bound. The bisulfate or sulfate species desorb from the Pt surface at high potentials due to O(OH) adsorption/replacement and at low potentials due to loss of the Coulomb attraction between the bisulfate anion and the Pt. A similar oxidation process occurs for S-x-poisoned Pt3Co/VC, but at lower potentials because a ligand effect coming from Co shifts the oxidization potential of adsorbed SO2 to lower potentials while pushing OH adsorption to higher potentials. The spectroscopic results give insights into cyclic voltammetry data and are consistent with electrochemical cycling procedures for removing the sulfur. C1 [Ramaker, David E.; Gatewood, Daniel; Korovina, Anna] George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Ramaker, David E.; Gatewood, Daniel; Korovina, Anna; Garsany, Yannick; Swider-Lyons, Karen E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ramaker, DE (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM ramaker@gwu.edu FU Office of Naval Research; U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Material Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Naval Research Laboratory FX We thank the Office of Naval Research for the provided financial support. Dr. Olga Baturina provided insight into the electrochemistry of the sulfur poisoning and Drs. Michelle Johannes and Devina Pillay contributed to our understanding of the theory. The synchrotron measurements were successful due to the help of Dr. Kumi Pandya. The National Synchrotron Light Source is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Material Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The XII beamline is supported by the Naval Research Laboratory and contributions from Participating Research Team (PRT) members. NR 72 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUL 15 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 27 BP 11886 EP 11897 DI 10.1021/jp101977g PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 620NZ UT WOS:000279507900029 ER PT J AU Higgins, BA Simonson, DL Houser, EJ Kohl, JG McGill, RA AF Higgins, Bernadette A. Simonson, Duane L. Houser, Eric J. Kohl, James G. McGill, R. Andrew TI Synthesis and Characterization of a Hyperbranched Hydrogen Bond Acidic Carbosilane Sorbent Polymer SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA Rumanian DT Article DE carbosilane polymer; chemical agent; explosive; HCSFA2; hydrogen bond acid; sorbent polymer; hyperbranched; inverse gas chromatography; sorbent ID INVERSE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; ACOUSTIC-WAVE SENSORS; CHEMICAL SENSORS; SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION; MICROSENSOR COATINGS; PHOSPHORUS ESTERS; SAW SENSORS; ARRAYS; DESIGN AB Sorbent polymers can be designed to target molecular interactions with a variety of hazardous chemicals including explosives, chemical agents, narcotics, and toxic industrial chemicals. Applications of functionalized sorbent polymers include preconcentrator devices, SPME fibers, membrane introduction systems, chromatographic stationary phases and coatings for chemical sensors. One common feature of a wide range of hazardous chemicals is their hydrogen bond (h-b) basicity. In this work, we report on the synthesis and characterization of a h-b acidic hyperbranched carbosilane fluoroalcohol based sorbent polymer (poly(methyldi(1,1,1-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-2-hydroxypent-4-enyl)silane; HCSFA2), which is suitable for sorbing these hazardous h-b basic analytes. Multiple batches of HCSFA2 were characterized with routine composition, spectroscopic, thermal analysis, and inverse gas chromatography (iGC) to evaluate polymer physicochemical properties. In comparison with previously developed h-b acidic polymers (e.g., FPOL and SXFA), HCSFA2 exhibits a sorption improvement of 10-15 fold for h-b basic analytes. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3000-3009, 2010 C1 [Higgins, Bernadette A.; Simonson, Duane L.; Houser, Eric J.; McGill, R. Andrew] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kohl, James G.] Univ San Diego, Dept Engn, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. RP McGill, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6365, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mcgill@nrl.navy.mil RI Kohl, James /E-5365-2011 FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council FX The authors thank the Department of Homeland Security for their interest in this work, with funds administered by Dr. Richard Lareau, and the Office of Naval Research. B.H. acknowledges a fellowship from the National Research Council. NR 69 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 22 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 2010 VL 48 IS 14 BP 3000 EP 3009 DI 10.1002/pola.24078 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 622ZX UT WOS:000279707300005 ER PT J AU Schwalenberg, K Wood, W Pecher, I Hamdan, L Henrys, S Jegen, M Coffin, R AF Schwalenberg, Katrin Wood, Warren Pecher, Ingo Hamdan, Leila Henrys, Stuart Jegen, Marion Coffin, Richard TI Preliminary interpretation of electromagnetic, heat flow, seismic, and geochemical data for gas hydrate distribution across the Porangahau Ridge, New Zealand SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gas hydrate; Hikurangi Margin; Marine CSEM; Heat flow; Seismic; Geochemistry ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; METHANE HYDRATE; ANAEROBIC OXIDATION; BEARING SEDIMENTS; SULFATE REDUCTION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; MARGIN; CONDUCTIVITY; PROBE AB Porangahau Ridge, located offshore the Wairarapa on the Hikurangi Margin, is an active ocean-continent collision region in northeastern New Zealand coastal waters Bottom simulating reflections (BSRs) in seismic data indicate the potential for significant gas hydrate deposits across this part of the margin Beneath Porangahau Ridge a prominent high-amplitude reflection band has been observed to extend from a deep BSR towards the seafloor Review of the seismic data suggest that this high-amplitude band is caused by local shoaling of the base of gas hydrate stability due to advective heat flow and it may constitute the location of elevated gas hydrate concentrations. During R/V Tangaroa cruise TAN0607 in 2006 heat flow probing for measurements of vertical fluid migration, sediment coring for methane concentrations, and additional seismic profiles were obtained across the ridge In a subsequent 2007 expedition, on R/V Sonne cruise SO191, a controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) experiment was conducted along the same seismic. geochemical, and heat flow transect to reveal the electrical resistivity distribution CSEM data highlight a remarkable coincidence of anomalously high resistivity along the western, landward flank of the ridge which point to locally higher gas hydrate concentration above the high amplitude reflection band. Measured sediment temperature profiles, also along the western flank, consistently show non-linear and concave geothermal gradients typical of advective heat flow Geochemical data reveal elevated methane concentrations in surface sediments concomitant with a rapid decline in sulfate concentrations indicating elevated methane flux and oxidation of methane in conjunction with sulfate reduction at the landward ridge base Together, these data sets suggest that the western rim of Porangahau Ridge is a tectonically driven zone of rising fluids that transport methane and cause an upward inflection of the base of gas hydrate stability and the formation of locally enriched gas hydrate above the reflective zone (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved C1 [Schwalenberg, Katrin] Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources BGR, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. [Wood, Warren] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Pecher, Ingo] Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Petr Engn, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Hamdan, Leila; Coffin, Richard] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pecher, Ingo; Henrys, Stuart] Inst Geol & Nucl Sci, Wellington 6315, New Zealand. [Jegen, Marion] IFM Geomar, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. RP Schwalenberg, K (reprint author), Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources BGR, Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. RI Hamdan, Leila/A-4535-2009; Pecher, Ingo/D-9379-2012 OI Hamdan, Leila/0000-0001-7331-0729; FU German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [03G0191A]; Foundation of Research, Science, and Technology (FRST) [C05X0302]; GNS; NIWA; NRL research focus on an Advanced Research Initiative; Office of Naval Research (Naval Research Laboratory and Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, University of Hawaii for International Collaboration on Methane Hydrate Research and Development); Department of Energy (National Energy Technology Laboratory National Methane Hydrate RD) FX We acknowledge the initiators and leaders of the CHARMNZ Working group and the "New-Vents" Project for a strong focus on methane seepage and gas hydrate research on the Hikurangi Margin, and the shipboard scientific participants We also thank the captains and crews of R/V Tangaroa cruise TAN0607 and R/V Sonne cruise 50191 for excellent support. Helpful comments were provided by two reviewers and the editor. C Scholl is thanked for ongoing discussions and providing his ID inversion code "New Vents" was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), grant no. 03G0191A. Cruise TAN0607 on the Porangahau Ridge was jointly supported by the Foundation of Research, Science, and Technology (FRST, Energy Portfolio, contract C05X0302 to GNS Science), GNS and NIWA Capability Funds, further by the NRL research focus on an Advanced Research Initiative (ARI "Quantify the processes responsible for the distribution of gas hydrate (meters to hundreds of meters scale) associated with representative seafloor seeps"), the Office of Naval Research sponsored program for the Marine Biogeochemistry Section (Naval Research Laboratory and Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, University of Hawaii for International Collaboration on Methane Hydrate Research and Development), and the Department of Energy (National Energy Technology Laboratory National Methane Hydrate R&D). NR 40 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JUL 15 PY 2010 VL 272 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 89 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.10.024 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 609EN UT WOS:000278638300008 ER PT J AU Pecher, IA Henrys, SA Wood, WT Kukowski, N Crutchley, GJ Fohrmann, M Kilner, J Senger, K Gorman, AR Coffin, RB Greinert, J Faure, K AF Pecher, Ingo A. Henrys, Stuart A. Wood, Warren T. Kukowski, Nina Crutchley, Gareth J. Fohrmann, Miko Kilner, Jeremy Senger, Kim Gorman, Andrew R. Coffin, Richard B. Greinert, Jens Faure, Kevin TI Focussed fluid flow on the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand-Evidence from possible local upwarping of the base of gas hydrate stability SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fluid flow; Gas hydrates; Hikurangi Margin; Subduction zones ID BOTTOM-SIMULATING REFLECTORS; WAIRARAPA COASTAL CURRENT; CONDUCTIVE HEAT-FLOW; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; PLATE BOUNDARY; SEA-FLOOR; ACCRETIONARY COMPLEX; CONVERGENT MARGINS; NORTH-ISLAND; COSTA-RICA AB The southern Hikurangi Subduction Margin is characterized by significant accretion with predicted high rates of fluid expulsion Bottom simulating reflections (BSRs) are widespread on this margin, predominantly occurring beneath thrust ridges. We present seismic data across the Porangahau Ridge on the outer accretionary wedge The data show high-amplitude reflections above the regional BSR level Based on polarity and reflection strength, we interpret these reflections as being caused by free gas We propose that the presence of gas above the regional level of BSRs indicates local upwarping of the base of gas hydrate stability caused by advective heatflow from upward migrating fluids, although we cannot entirely rule out alternative processes Simplified modelling of the increase of the thermal gradient associated with fluid flow suggests that funnelling of upward migrating fluids beneath low-permeability slope basins into the Porangahau Ridge would not lead to the pronounced thermal anomaly inferred from upwarping of the base of gas hydrate stability Focussing of fluid flow is predicted to take place deep in the accretionary wedge and/or the underthrust sediments. Above the high-amplitude reflections, sediment reflectivity is low. A lack of lateral continuity of reflections suggests that reflectivity is lost because of a destruction of sediment layering from deformation rather than gas-hydrate-related amplitude blanking Structural permeability from fracturing of sediments during deformation may facilitate fluid expulsion on the ridge A gap in the BSR in the southern part of the study area may be caused by a loss of gas during fluid expulsion We speculate that gaps in otherwise continuous BSRs that are observed beneath some thrusts on the Hikurangi Margin may be characteristic of other locations experiencing focussed fluid expulsion (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pecher, Ingo A.; Henrys, Stuart A.; Faure, Kevin] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Pecher, Ingo A.] Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Petr Engn, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Pecher, Ingo A.] Heriot Watt Univ, ECOSSE, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Wood, Warren T.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Kukowski, Nina] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Crutchley, Gareth J.; Fohrmann, Miko; Kilner, Jeremy; Senger, Kim; Gorman, Andrew R.] Univ Otago, Dept Geol, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Coffin, Richard B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Greinert, Jens] Univ Ghent, Renard Ctr Marine Geol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Pecher, IA (reprint author), GNS Sci, POB 30368, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RI Pecher, Ingo/D-9379-2012; OI Gorman, Andrew/0000-0002-8581-0197; Greinert, Jens/0000-0001-6186-8573; Senger, Kim/0000-0001-5379-4658 FU New Zealand Foundation of Research, Science, and Technology (FRST) [C05X0302]; GNS; NIWA; NRL; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [03G0191A] FX We would like to thank captains and crews of R/V Tangaroa voyage TAN0607 and R/V Swine SO191 for excellent seamanship. We would also like to thank Nathan Bangs and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments and Keith Lewis as guest editor for handling of this manuscript. TAN0607 on the Porangahau Ridge was funded by the New Zealand Foundation of Research, Science, and Technology (FRST, contract C05X0302 to GNS Science), GNS and NIWA Capability Funds, NRL research focus on an Advanced Research Initiative (ARI "Quantify the processes responsible for the distribution of gas hydrate (meters to hundreds of meters scale) associated with representative seafloor seeps"), the Office of Naval Research and Office of Naval Research-Global sponsored program for the Marine Biogeochemistry Section (Naval Research Laboratory and Department of Energy (National Energy Technology Laboratory National Methane Hydrate R & D). SO191 was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). grant no 03G0191A. NR 80 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JUL 15 PY 2010 VL 272 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 99 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.10.006 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 609EN UT WOS:000278638300009 ER PT J AU Turlapaty, AC Anantharaj, VG Younan, NH Turk, FJ AF Turlapaty, Anish C. Anantharaj, Valentine G. Younan, Nicolas H. Turk, F. Joseph TI Precipitation data fusion using vector space transformation and artificial neural networks SO PATTERN RECOGNITION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Pattern recognition; Optimization; Data merging; Convergence; Artificial neural networks ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE; ALGORITHMS; RESOLUTION AB We have developed a new methodology to fuse several precipitation datasets, available from different estimation techniques. The method is based on artificial neural networks and vector space transformation function. The final merged product is statistically superior to any of the individual datasets over a seasonal period. The results have been tested against ground-based measurements of rainfall over a study area. This method is shown to have average success rates of 85% in the summer, 68% in the fall, 77% in the spring, and 55% in the winter. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Turlapaty, Anish C.; Younan, Nicolas H.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Turlapaty, Anish C.; Anantharaj, Valentine G.; Younan, Nicolas H.] Mississippi State Univ, Geosyst Res Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Turk, F. Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Turlapaty, AC (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM anish@gri.msstate.edu RI Turlapaty, Anish/D-5543-2013 OI Turlapaty, Anish/0000-0003-0078-3845 FU NASA [NNS06AA98B] FX This research is sponsored by the NASA Applied Sciences Program via NNS06AA98B. The authors thank Dr. Billy Olsen and the reference dataset. Our thanks also go to Dr. Yangrong Ling for acquiring and pre-processing the HRPP products used in this study. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8655 J9 PATTERN RECOGN LETT JI Pattern Recognit. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2010 VL 31 IS 10 SI SI BP 1184 EP 1200 DI 10.1016/j.patrec.2009.12.033 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 617MD UT WOS:000279284000015 ER PT J AU Boeri, L Calandra, M Mazin, II Dolgov, OV Mauri, F AF Boeri, L. Calandra, M. Mazin, I. I. Dolgov, O. V. Mauri, F. TI Effects of magnetism and doping on the electron-phonon coupling in BaFe2As2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROPNICTIDES AB We calculate the effect of local magnetic moments on the electron-phonon coupling in doped BaFe2As2 using the density-functional perturbation theory. We show that the magnetism enhances the total electron-phonon coupling by similar to 50%, up to lambda <= 0.35, still not enough to explain the high critical temperature, but strong enough to have a non-negligible effect on superconductivity, for instance, by frustrating the coupling with spin fluctuations and inducing order-parameter nodes. The enhancement comes not from the phonon softening but mostly from a renormalization of the electron-phonon matrix elements. We also investigate, in the rigid band approximation, the effect of doping, and find that lambda versus doping does not mirror the behavior of the density of states; while the latter decreases upon electron doping, the former does not, and even increases slightly. C1 [Boeri, L.; Dolgov, O. V.] Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Calandra, M.; Mauri, F.] CNRS, Inst Mineral & Phys Milieux Condenses, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Mazin, I. I.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Boeri, L (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Calandra, Matteo/B-6161-2014; Boeri, Lilia/B-6162-2015; mauri, francesco/K-5726-2012; Dolgov, Oleg/M-8120-2015 OI Boeri, Lilia/0000-0003-1186-2207; mauri, francesco/0000-0002-6666-4710; Dolgov, Oleg/0000-0001-8997-2671 NR 33 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 14 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 2 AR 020506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.020506 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 625HY UT WOS:000279887300001 ER PT J AU Heavner, MJ Morrill, JS Siefring, C Sentman, DD Moudry, DR Wescott, EM Bucsela, EJ AF Heavner, M. J. Morrill, J. S. Siefring, C. Sentman, D. D. Moudry, D. R. Wescott, E. M. Bucsela, E. J. TI Near-ultraviolet and blue spectral observations of sprites in the 320-460 nm region: N-2 (2PG) emissions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STATE VIBRATIONAL POPULATIONS; RED SPRITES; IONOSPHERE; NITROGEN AB A near-ultraviolet (NUV) spectrograph (320-460 nm) was flown on the EXL98 aircraft sprite observation campaign during July 1998. In this wavelength range video rate (60 fields/sec) spectrographic observations found the NUV and blue emissions to be predominantly N-2 (2PG). The negligible level of N-2 + (1NG) present in the spectrum is confirmed by observations of a co-aligned, narrowly filtered 427.8 nm imager and is in agreement with previous ground-based filtered photometer observations. The synthetic spectral fit to the observations indicates a characteristic energy of similar to 1.8 eV, in agreement with our other NUV observations. C1 [Heavner, M. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Bucsela, E. J.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Morrill, J. S.; Siefring, C.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sentman, D. D.; Moudry, D. R.; Wescott, E. M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Heavner, MJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D-436, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM heavner@lanl.gov FU NASA [NAG5-5125, NAG5-5019, NAG5-5172]; ONR; NRL FX We thank the Remote Sensing Division of NRL for the use of the UV intensified camera for the EXL98 flights. Dan Osborne, Jim Desroschers, Laura Peticolas, Veronika Besser, and Don Hampton were instrumental to data collection and campaign operations. Aeroair Inc., and particularly Jeff Tobolsky, made all the EXL98 aircraft missions fly. The University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute group was supported by NASA grants NAG5-5125 and NAG5-5019. The work at NRL was sponsored by NASA NAG5-5172 and ONR. Jeff S. Morrill was partially supported by the Edison Memorial graduate-training program at NRL. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 13 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A00E44 DI 10.1029/2009JA014858 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 627OX UT WOS:000280050500002 ER PT J AU Schofer, JM Nomura, JT Bauman, MJ Hyde, R Schmier, C AF Schofer, Joel M. Nomura, Jason T. Bauman, Michael J. Hyde, Robert Schmier, Charles TI The "Ski Lift": A Technique to Maximize Needle Visualization with the Long-axis Approach for Ultrasound-guided Vascular Access SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID VEIN C1 [Schofer, Joel M.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Nomura, Jason T.; Hyde, Robert; Schmier, Charles] Christiana Care Hlth Syst, Dept Emergency Med, Newark, DE USA. [Bauman, Michael J.] Presbyterian Med Grp, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Schofer, JM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. EM jschofer@gmail.com OI Nomura, Jason/0000-0002-6843-6690 NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD JUL 10 PY 2010 VL 17 IS 7 BP E83 EP E84 DI 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2010.00784.x PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 621VO UT WOS:000279613400006 PM 20653577 ER PT J AU Chen, J Kunkel, V AF Chen, James Kunkel, Valbona TI TEMPORAL AND PHYSICAL CONNECTION BETWEEN CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS AND FLARES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); stars: flare; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares; Sun: magnetic topology; Sun: X-rays, gamma rays ID FLUX-ROPE ACCELERATION; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION RATE; ERUPTIVE PROMINENCE; ENERGY-RELEASE; SOLAR ERUPTIONS; 2-RIBBON FLARES; LOOP TRANSIENTS; MODEL; EVOLUTION; FIELD AB The physical connection between the eruption of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and associated flare energy release is examined. The trajectories of five CMEs are determined using LASCO/SOHO or SECCHI/STEREO data, and the associated soft X-ray (SXR) light curves are obtained from GOES 1-8 angstrom data. As the theoretical description of CME physics, the existing erupting flux-rope model is used in which an initial flux rope is driven out of equilibrium by the increasing poloidal magnetic flux Phi(p)(t) (poloidal "flux injection"). Mathematically, this is represented by d Phi(p)(t)/dt. For each CME, this function is adjusted to obtain the solution that best fits the observed height-time data. The resulting d Phi(p)(t)/dt is shown to be strongly constrained by the CME height data. This function and the attendant electromotive force (EMF) given by epsilon(t) = -(1/c)d Phi(p)(t)/dt constitute predictions of the theory for each CME trajectory. It is shown that the best-fit solutions fit the CME trajectories within 1%-2% of the CME height data and that the temporal profile of the predicted d Phi(p)(t)/dt is correlated with that of the associated X-ray light curve regardless of the flare duration. Specifically, we find that the observed duration of SXR emission Delta T-SXR is comparable to and scales with the predicted duration Delta T-p of poloidal flux injection, i.e.,Delta T-SXR similar or equal to Delta T-p. Neither the predicted d Phi(p)(t)/dt nor the input CME height data contain any information on X-ray data. Thus, the correlation is nontrivial, constituting evidence that poloidal flux injection is physically connected to flare energy release. It is suggested that this connection is provided by the EMF that produces electric fields to accelerate particles. C1 [Chen, James] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kunkel, Valbona] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Kunkel, Valbona] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM James.Chen@nrl.navy.mil; vkunkel@gmu.edu NR 82 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2010 VL 717 IS 2 BP 1105 EP 1122 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/717/2/1105 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 635JG UT WOS:000280650800041 ER PT J AU Patruno, A Hartman, JM Wijnands, R Chakrabarty, D van der Klis, M AF Patruno, Alessandro Hartman, Jacob M. Wijnands, R. Chakrabarty, Deepto van der Klis, Michiel TI ACCRETION TORQUES AND MOTION OF THE HOT SPOT ON THE ACCRETING MILLISECOND PULSAR XTE J1807-294 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: individual (XTE J1807-294); stars: neutron; X-rays: stars ID LONG-TERM EVOLUTION; X-RAY PULSARS; SAX J1808.4-3658; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; ORBITAL PARAMETERS; INCLINED DIPOLE; DISK ACCRETION; 2002 OUTBURST; SPIN-DOWN; XTE-J1807-294 AB We present a coherent timing analysis of the 2003 outburst of the accreting millisecond pulsar (AMXP) XTEJ1807-294. We find a 95% confidence interval for the pulse frequency derivative of (+0.7, +4.7) x 10(-14) Hz s(-1) and (-0.6, +3.8) x 10(-14) Hz s(-1) for the fundamental and second harmonics, respectively. The sinusoidal fractional amplitudes of the pulsations are the highest observed among AMXPs and can reach values of up to 27% (2.5-30 keV). The pulse arrival time residuals of the fundamental frequency follow a linear anti-correlation with the fractional amplitudes that suggests hot spot motion both in longitude and latitude over the surface of the neutron star. An anti-correlation between residuals and X-ray flux suggests an influence of the accretion rate on pulse phase and casts doubts on the interpretation of pulse frequency derivatives in terms of changes of spin rates and torques on the neutron star. C1 [Patruno, Alessandro; Wijnands, R.; van der Klis, Michiel] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Hartman, Jacob M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chakrabarty, Deepto] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Chakrabarty, Deepto] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Patruno, A (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM a.patruno@uva.nl NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2010 VL 717 IS 2 BP 1253 EP 1261 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/717/2/1253 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 635JG UT WOS:000280650800051 ER PT J AU Wood, BE Linsky, JL AF Wood, Brian E. Linsky, Jeffrey L. TI RESOLVING THE xi BOO BINARY WITH CHANDRA, AND REVEALING THE SPECTRAL TYPE DEPENDENCE OF THE CORONAL "FIP EFFECT" SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: coronae; stars: individual (xi Boo); stars: late-type; X-rays: stars ID SOLAR-TYPE STARS; EMISSION MEASURE DISTRIBUTIONS; INTERMEDIATE-ACTIVITY LEVELS; XMM-NEWTON VIEW; RAY SPECTROSCOPY; STELLAR CORONAE; ATOMIC DATABASE; NE/O ABUNDANCE; ACTIVE REGIONS; EQ-PEGASI AB On 2008 May 2, Chandra observed the X-ray spectrum of xi Boo (G8 V+K4 V), resolving the binary for the first time in X-rays and allowing the coronae of the two stars to be studied separately. With the contributions of xi Boo A and B to the system's total X-ray emission now observationally established (88.5% and 11.5%, respectively), consideration of mass loss measurements for GK dwarfs of various activity levels (including one for xi Boo) leads to the surprising conclusion that xi Boo B may dominate the wind from the binary, with. Boo A's wind being very weak despite its active corona. Emission measure (EM) distributions and coronal abundances are computed for both stars and compared with Chandra measurements of other moderately active stars with G8-K5 spectral types, all of which exhibit a narrow peak in EM near log T = 6.6, indicating that the coronal heating process in these stars has a strong preference for this temperature. As is the case for the Sun and many other stars, our sample of stars shows coronal abundance anomalies dependent on the first ionization potential (FIP) of the element. We see no dependence of the degree of "FIP effect" on activity, but there is a dependence on spectral type, a correlation that becomes more convincing when moderately active main-sequence stars with a broader range of spectral types are considered. This clear dependence of coronal abundances on spectral type weakens if the stellar sample is allowed to be contaminated by evolved stars, interacting binaries, or extremely active stars with log L(X) > 29, explaining why this correlation has not been recognized in the past. C1 [Wood, Brian E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wood, BE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brian.wood@nrl.navy.mil; jlinsky@jila.colorado.edu FU Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration [GO8-9003Z, NAS8-03060] FX Support for this work was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Chandra Award Number GO8-9003Z issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contract NAS8-03060. NR 60 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2010 VL 717 IS 2 BP 1279 EP 1290 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/717/2/1279 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 635JG UT WOS:000280650800054 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ajello, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Baring, MG Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Bhat, PN Bissaldi, E Blandford, RD Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Bregeon, J Brez, A Briggs, MS Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chekhtman, A Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Connaughton, V Conrad, J Cutini, S Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F Digel, SW do Couto e Silva, E Drell, PS Dubois, R Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Granot, J Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hays, E Horan, D Hughes, RE Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kippen, RM Knodlseder, J Kocevski, D Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lee, SH Garde, ML Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McBreen, S McEnery, JE McGlynn, S Meegan, C Mehault, J Meszaros, P Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Moretti, E Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakajima, H Nakamori, T Naumann-Godo, M Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohno, M Ohsugi, T Okumura, A Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paciesas, WS Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Petrosian, V Piron, F Porter, TA Preece, R Racusin, JL Raino, S Rando, R Rau, A Razzano, M Razzaque, S Reimer, A Reimer, O Ripken, J Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sander, A Scargle, JD Schalk, TL Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stamatikos, M Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uehara, T Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J van der Horst, AJ Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V von Kienlin, A Waite, AP Wang, P Wilson-Hodge, C Winer, BL Wood, KS Wu, XF Yamazaki, R Yang, Z Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Baring, M. G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Bhat, P. N. Bissaldi, E. Blandford, R. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Briggs, M. S. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Connaughton, V. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Granot, J. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kippen, R. M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocevski, D. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lee, S. -H. Garde, M. Llena Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McBreen, S. McEnery, J. E. McGlynn, S. Meegan, C. Mehault, J. Meszaros, P. Michelson, P. F. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Moretti, E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakajima, H. Nakamori, T. Naumann-Godo, M. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohno, M. Ohsugi, T. Okumura, A. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paciesas, W. S. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Petrosian, V. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Preece, R. Racusin, J. L. Raino, S. Rando, R. Rau, A. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Ripken, J. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sander, A. Scargle, J. D. Schalk, T. L. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stamatikos, M. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uehara, T. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. van der Horst, A. J. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. von Kienlin, A. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Wilson-Hodge, C. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Wu, X. F. Yamazaki, R. Yang, Z. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI FERMI OBSERVATIONS OF HIGH-ENERGY GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM GRB 090217A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray burst: individual (GRB090217A) ID SYNCHROTRON SHOCK MODEL; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; SPECTRAL COMPONENT; BURST; PROMPT AB The Fermi observatory is advancing our knowledge of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) through pioneering observations at high energies, covering more than seven decades in energy with the two on-board detectors, the Large Area Telescope (LAT) and the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM). Here, we report on the observation of the long GRB 090217A which triggered the GBM and has been detected by the LAT with a significance greater than 9 sigma. We present the GBM and LAT observations and on-ground analyses, including the time-resolved spectra and the study of the temporal profile from 8 keV up to similar to 1 GeV. All spectra are well reproduced by a Band model. We compare these observations to the first two LAT-detected, long bursts GRB 080825C and GRB 080916C. These bursts were found to have time-dependent spectra and exhibited a delayed onset of the high-energy emission, which are not observed in the case of GRB 090217A. We discuss some theoretical implications for the high-energy emission of GRBs. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocevski, D.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Petrosian, V.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocevski, D.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Petrosian, V.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Naumann-Godo, M.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA IRFU, CNRS,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Moretti, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Moretti, E.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Carrigan, S.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bhat, P. N.; Briggs, M. S.; Connaughton, V.; Guiriec, S.; Paciesas, W. S.; Preece, R.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Bissaldi, E.; McBreen, S.; Orlando, E.; Rau, A.; von Kienlin, A.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe; Ferrara, E. C.; Gehrels, N.; Hays, E.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Racusin, J. L.; Stamatikos, M.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Razzaque, S.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Mehault, J.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, CNRS, IN2P3, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; Ripken, J.; Yang, Z.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; McGlynn, S.; Ripken, J.; Ryde, F.; Yang, Z.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Giommi, P.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Coll Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Osservatorio Astron Trieste, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Uehara, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Granot, J.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Sci & Technol Res Inst, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Guillemot, L.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Guillemot, L.] Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Guillemot, L.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Catalana Recerca Estudis Avancats ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Stamatikos, M.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kippen, R. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, CNRS, UPS, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [McBreen, S.] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. [McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McGlynn, S.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Meegan, C.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Meszaros, P.; Wu, X. F.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Nakajima, H.] Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Nakamori, T.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ohno, M.; Okumura, A.; Ozaki, M.] Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Razzaque, S.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Schalk, T. L.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Schalk, T. L.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tramacere, A.] Consorzio Interuniv Fis Spaziale CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [van der Horst, A. J.; Wilson-Hodge, C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Wu, X. F.] Joint Ctr Particle Nucl Phys & Cosmol J CPNPC, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Wu, X. F.] Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Yamazaki, R.] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM azk@mpe.mpg.de; sarac@slac.stanford.edu; piron@lpta.in2p3.fr RI Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; Wu, Xuefeng/G-5316-2015; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Racusin, Judith/D-2935-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; OI giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Wu, Xuefeng/0000-0002-6299-1263; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Moretti, Elena/0000-0001-5477-9097; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726 FU DOE in the United States; CEA/Irfu in France; IN2P3/CNRS in France; ASI in Italy; INFN in Italy; MEXT; KEK; JAXA in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; National Space Board in Sweden; INAF in Italy; CNES in France; NASA in the US; BMWi/DLR in Germany FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges support from a number of agencies and institutes for both development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include NASA and DOE in the United States, CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS in France, ASI and INFN in Italy, MEXT, KEK, and JAXA in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support from INAF in Italy and CNES in France for science analysis during the operations phase is also gratefully acknowledged. The Fermi GBM Collaboration acknowledges support for GBM development, operations and data analysis from NASA in the US and BMWi/DLR in Germany. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2010 VL 717 IS 2 BP L127 EP L132 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/717/2/L127 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 619LC UT WOS:000279430700011 ER PT J AU Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alakhverdyants, AV Alekseev, I Alford, J Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barnby, LS Baumgart, S Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Biritz, B Bland, LC Bonner, BE Bouchet, J Braidot, E Brandin, AV Bridgeman, A Bruna, E Bueltmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Catu, O Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, KE Christie, W Chung, P Clarke, RF Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Dash, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Didenko, L Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Efimov, LG Elhalhuli, E Elnimr, M Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Eun, L Evdokimov, O Fachini, P Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Fersch, RG Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Ganti, MS Garcia-Solis, EJ Geromitsos, A Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gordon, A Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gupta, N Guryn, W Haag, B Hamed, A Han, LX Harris, JW Hays-Wehle, JP Heinz, M Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffman, AM Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Huang, B Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Huo, L Igo, G Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jena, C Jin, F Jones, CL Jones, PG Joseph, J Judd, EG Kabana, S Kajimoto, K Kang, K Kapitan, J Kauder, K Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klein, SR Knospe, AG Kocoloski, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Koralt, I Koroleva, L Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Krus, M Kumar, L Kurnadi, P Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, L Li, N Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, ZM Lin, G Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Lukashov, EV Luo, X Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mall, OI Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McDonald, D McShane, TS Meschanin, A Milner, R Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mischke, A Mitrovski, MK Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, B Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nattrass, C Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Ng, MJ Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldag, EW Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Pile, P Planinic, M Ploskon, MA Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Poskanzer, AM Potukuchi, BVKS Powell, CB Prindle, D Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Qiu, H Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Redwine, R Reed, R Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Sahoo, R Sakai, S Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schuster, TR Seele, J Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shi, SS Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Tram, VN Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Leeuwen, M van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xie, W Xu, H Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, W Xu, Y Xu, Z Xue, L Yang, Y Yepes, P Yip, K Yoo, IK Yue, Q Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhan, W Zhang, JB Zhang, S Zhang, WM Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, J Zhou, W Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y AF Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alakhverdyants, A. V. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Anderson, B. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Barnby, L. S. Baumgart, S. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Biritz, B. Bland, L. C. Bonner, B. E. Bouchet, J. Braidot, E. Brandin, A. V. Bridgeman, A. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Catu, O. Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, K. E. Christie, W. Chung, P. Clarke, R. F. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Dash, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Derevschikov, A. A. Derradi de Souza, R. Didenko, L. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Efimov, L. G. Elhalhuli, E. Elnimr, M. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Fachini, P. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Fersch, R. G. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Ganti, M. S. Garcia-Solis, E. J. Geromitsos, A. Geurts, F. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. N. Gordon, A. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Guertin, S. M. Gupta, A. Gupta, N. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hamed, A. Han, L-X. Harris, J. W. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heinz, M. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffman, A. M. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Huang, B. Huang, H. Z. Humanic, T. J. Huo, L. Igo, G. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jena, C. Jin, F. Jones, C. L. Jones, P. G. Joseph, J. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kajimoto, K. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kauder, K. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Klein, S. R. Knospe, A. G. Kocoloski, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Koralt, I. Koroleva, L. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Krus, M. Kumar, L. Kurnadi, P. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C-H. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, L. Li, N. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. M. Lin, G. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Lukashov, E. V. Luo, X. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mall, O. I. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Meschanin, A. Milner, R. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, A. Mitrovski, M. K. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, B. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nattrass, C. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Netrakanti, P. K. Ng, M. J. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okorokov, V. Oldag, E. W. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Ploskon, M. A. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Powell, C. B. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Redwine, R. Reed, R. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Sahoo, R. Sakai, S. Sakrejda, I. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Schuster, T. R. Seele, J. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. Szanto de Toledo, A. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarini, L. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Tram, V. N. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Leeuwen, M. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xie, W. Xu, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xue, L. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yip, K. Yoo, I-K. Yue, Q. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhan, W. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, J. Zhou, W. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. CA STAR Collaboration TI Higher Moments of Net Proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QCD PHASE-DIAGRAM; CRITICAL-POINT; TRANSITION; COLLISIONS; MODEL AB 200 GeV corresponding to baryon chemical potentials (mu(B)) between 200 and 20 MeV. Our measurements of the products kappa sigma(2) and S sigma, which can be related to theoretical calculations sensitive to baryon number susceptibilities and long-range correlations, are constant as functions of collision centrality. We compare these products with results from lattice QCD and various models without a critical point and study the root s(NN) dependence of kappa sigma(2). From the measurements at the three beam energies, we find no evidence for a critical point in the QCD phase diagram for mu(B) below 200 MeV. C1 [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Pruthi, N. K.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Bridgeman, A.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Barnby, L. S.; Elhalhuli, E.; Jones, P. G.; Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fachini, P.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Gordon, A.; Guryn, W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Ogawa, A.; Perevoztchikov, V.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Ng, M. J.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Das, D.; Draper, J. E.; Haag, B.; Liu, H.; Mall, O. I.; Reed, R.; Romero, J. L.; Salur, S.; Sangaline, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Biritz, B.; Cendejas, R.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Guertin, S. M.; Igo, G.; Kurnadi, P.; Sakai, S.; Staszak, D.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Xu, W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Derradi de Souza, R.; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Betts, R. R.; Evdokimov, O.; Garcia-Solis, E. J.; Kauder, K.; Suarez, M. C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; McShane, T. S.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Krus, M.; Pachr, M.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Chung, P.; Kapitan, J.; Kouchpil, V.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.] Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. [Kollegger, T.; Mitrovski, M. K.; Schuster, T. R.; Stock, R.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany. [Dash, S.; Jena, C.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Phatak, S. C.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Selyuzhenkov, I.; Sowinski, J.; Stevens, J. R.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Koroleva, L.; Morozov, B.; Svirida, D. N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Bhasin, A.; Dogra, S. M.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, N.; Mangotra, L. K.; Potukuchi, B. V. K. S.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Alakhverdyants, A. V.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneev, R.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Alford, J.; Anderson, B. D.; Bouchet, J.; Joseph, J.; Keane, D.; Kumar, L.; Margetis, S.; Pandit, Y.; Subba, N. L.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.; Zhang, W. M.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Fatemi, R.; Fersch, R. G.; Korsch, W.; Webb, G.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Qiu, H.; Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Xu, H.; Yang, Y.; Zhan, W.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Ahammed, Z.; Dong, X.; Grebenyuk, O.; Hjort, E.; Jacobs, P.; Kikola, D. P.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S. R.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Odyniec, G.; Olson, D.; Ploskon, M. A.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Powell, C. B.; Ritter, H. G.; Rose, A.; Sakrejda, I.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X. M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Thomas, J. H.; Tram, V. N.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balewski, J.; Betancourt, M. J.; Corliss, R.; Hays-Wehle, J. P.; Hoffman, A. M.; Jones, C. L.; Kocoloski, A.; Leight, W.; Milner, R.; Redwine, R.; Sakuma, T.; Seele, J.; Surrow, B.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Walker, M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.; Simon, F.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Tarnowsky, T.; Wang, H.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Lukashov, E. V.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.; Timoshenko, S.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Lindenbaum, S. J.] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; van Leeuwen, M.] NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; van Leeuwen, M.] Univ Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Chajecki, Z.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bueltmann, S.; Koralt, I.; Plyku, D.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Eun, L.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Lee, J. H.; Matulenko, Yu. A.; Meschanin, A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Hirsch, A.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Skoby, M. J.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Ulery, J.; Wang, F.; Wang, Q.; Xie, W.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Choi, K. E.; Lee, C-H.; Yoo, I-K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Bonner, B. E.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Liu, J.; Llope, W. J.; McDonald, D.; Roberts, J. B.; Yepes, P.; Zhou, J.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Munhoz, M. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; Szanto de Toledo, A.] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, H. F.; Huang, B.; Li, C.; Lu, Y.; Luo, X.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Li, X.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhou, W.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Cai, X. Z.; Chen, J. H.; Han, L-X.; Jin, F.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Tian, J.; Xue, L.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Y. H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Erazmus, B.; Estienne, M.; Geromitsos, A.; Kabana, S.; Roy, C.; Sahoo, R.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Cervantes, M. C.; Clarke, R. F.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Djawotho, P.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Huo, L.; Mioduszewski, S.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Leyva, A. Davila; Hoffmann, G. W.; Kajimoto, K.; Li, L.; Markert, C.; Oldag, E. W.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Thein, D.; Wada, M.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cheng, J.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Yue, Q.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Witt, R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Manweiler, R.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Chattopadhyay, S.; Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta; Ganti, M. S.; Ghosh, P.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Singaraju, R. N.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zawisza, M.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.; Kettler, D.; Prindle, D.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bellwied, R.; De Silva, L. C.; Elnimr, M.; LaPointe, S.; Pruneau, C.; Sharma, M.; Tarini, L. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Chen, J. Y.; Li, N.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Shi, S. S.; Wu, Y. F.; Zhang, J. B.] CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Baumgart, S.; Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Catu, O.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Knospe, A. G.; Lin, G.; Majka, R.; Nattrass, C.; Putschke, J.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Aggarwal, MM (reprint author), Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. RI Xu, Wenqin/H-7553-2014; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Nattrass, Christine/J-6752-2016; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Yang, Yanyun/B-9485-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Xue, Liang/F-8077-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Pandit, Yadav/I-2170-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; OI Xu, Wenqin/0000-0002-5976-4991; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Nattrass, Christine/0000-0002-8768-6468; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; van Leeuwen, Marco/0000-0002-5222-4888; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Yang, Yanyun/0000-0002-5982-1706; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Xue, Liang/0000-0002-2321-9019; Pandit, Yadav/0000-0003-2809-7943; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Fisyak, Yuri/0000-0002-3151-8377; Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179; Sorensen, Paul/0000-0001-5056-9391; Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536 FU Offices of NP, U.S; Offices of HEP, U.S; DOE Office of Science; U.S. NSF; Sloan Foundation; DFG of Germany [CNRS/IN2P]; EMN of France; STFC; EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP of Brazil; Russian Ministry of Science and Technology; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; IRP; GA of the Czech Republic; FOM of the Netherlands; DAE; DST; CSIR of the Government of India; Polish State Committee for Scientific Research; Korea Science and Engineering Foundation FX We thank S. Gupta, F. Karsch, K. Rajagopal, K. Redlich, and M. Stephanov for discussions. We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, and the NERSC Center at LBNL and the Open Science Grid consortium for their support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP in the U.S. DOE Office of Science, the U.S. NSF, the Sloan Foundation, the DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe'' of Germany, CNRS/IN2P3, RA, RPL, and EMN of France, STFC and EPSRC of the United Kingdom, FAPESP of Brazil, the Russian Ministry of Science and Technology, the NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China, IRP and GA of the Czech Republic, FOM of the Netherlands, DAE, DST, and CSIR of the Government of India, the Polish State Committee for Scientific Research, and the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation. NR 39 TC 154 Z9 158 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 2 AR 022302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.022302 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 622WD UT WOS:000279695600001 PM 20867702 ER PT J AU Vicente, DA Henry, LR Hahm, G Soballe, PW Smart, D AF Vicente, Diego A. Henry, Leonard R. Hahm, George Soballe, Peter W. Smart, DeeDee TI Axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy after mastectomy: a case report SO WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECURRENT BREAST-CANCER; CARCINOMA; SURGERY AB Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy has been established as the preferred method for staging early breast cancer. A prior history of mastectomy is felt to be a contraindication. Case presentation: A patient with recurrent breast cancer in her skin flap was discovered to have positive axillary sentinel nodes by sentinel lymph node biopsy five years after mastectomy for ductal carcinoma in situ. Conclusion: A prior history of mastectomy may not be an absolute contraindication to sentinel lymph node biopsy. C1 [Vicente, Diego A.; Henry, Leonard R.; Hahm, George] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. [Henry, Leonard R.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Soballe, Peter W.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Smart, DeeDee] NCI, Radiat Oncol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Vicente, DA (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. EM diegoavicente@gmail.com NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1477-7819 J9 WORLD J SURG ONCOL JI World J. Surg. Oncol. PD JUL 9 PY 2010 VL 8 AR 59 DI 10.1186/1477-7819-8-59 PG 3 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 630XT UT WOS:000280309700001 PM 20618969 ER PT J AU Abelev, BI Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alakhverdyants, AV Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baumgart, S Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Biritz, B Bland, LC Bnzarov, I Bonner, BE Bouchet, J Braidot, E Brandin, AV Bridgeman, A Bruna, E Bueltmann, S Burton, TP Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Catu, O Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, KE Christie, W Chung, P Clarke, RF Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Dash, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG DePhillips, M Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Didenko, L Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Efimov, LG Elhalhuli, E Elnimr, M Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Eun, L Fachini, P Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Fersch, RG Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Ganti, MS Garcia-Solis, EJ Geromitsos, A Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gordon, A Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Grube, B Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gupta, N Guryn, W Haag, B Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Han, LX Harris, JW Hays-Wehle, JP Heinz, M Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffman, AM Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Huo, L Igo, G Iordanova, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jakl, P Jena, C Jin, F Jones, CL Jones, PG Joseph, J Judd, EG Kabana, S Kajimoto, K Kang, K Kapitan, J Kauder, K Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Khodyrev, VY Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Knospe, AG Kocoloski, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Kopytine, M Koralt, I Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Krus, M Kumar, L Kurnadi, P Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, L Li, N Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, Z Lin, G Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Ludlam, T Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mall, OI Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McDonald, D McShane, TS Meschanin, A Milner, R Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mischke, A Mitrovski, MK Mohanty, B Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nattrass, C Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Ng, MJ Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okada, H Okorokov, V Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Pile, P Planinic, M Ploskon, MA Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Poskanzer, AM Potukuchi, BVKS Powell, CB Prindle, D Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Redwine, R Reed, R Rehberg, JM Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Sahoo, R Sakai, S Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schuster, TR Seele, J Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shi, SS Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Tram, VN Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G van Leeuwen, M Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, X Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wingfield, E Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, Y Xie, W Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, W Xu, Y Xu, Z Xue, L Yang, Y Yepes, P Yip, K Yoo, IK Yue, Q Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhan, W Zhang, S Zhang, WM Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, J Zhou, W Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y AF Abelev, B. I. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alakhverdyants, A. V. Anderson, B. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Barannikova, O. Barnby, L. S. Baumgart, S. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Biritz, B. Bland, L. C. Bnzarov, I. Bonner, B. E. Bouchet, J. Braidot, E. Brandin, A. V. Bridgeman, A. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Burton, T. P. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Catu, O. Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, K. E. Christie, W. Chung, P. Clarke, R. F. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Dash, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. DePhillips, M. Derevschikov, A. A. de Souza, R. Derradi Didenko, L. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Efimov, L. G. Elhalhuli, E. Elnimr, M. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Eun, L. Fachini, P. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Fersch, R. G. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Ganti, M. S. Garcia-Solis, E. J. Geromitsos, A. Geurts, F. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. N. Gordon, A. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Grube, B. Guertin, S. M. Gupta, A. Gupta, N. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hallman, T. J. Hamed, A. Han, L-X. Harris, J. W. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heinz, M. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffman, A. M. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Huang, H. Z. Humanic, T. J. Huo, L. Igo, G. Iordanova, A. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jakl, P. Jena, C. Jin, F. Jones, C. L. Jones, P. G. Joseph, J. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kajimoto, K. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kauder, K. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Khodyrev, V. Yu. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Knospe, A. G. Kocoloski, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Kopytine, M. Koralt, I. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kravtsov, P. Kravtsov, V. I. Krueger, K. Krus, M. Kumar, L. Kurnadi, P. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C-H. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, L. Li, N. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Lin, G. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Ludlam, T. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mall, O. I. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Meschanin, A. Milner, R. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, A. Mitrovski, M. K. Mohanty, B. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nattrass, C. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Netrakanti, P. K. Ng, M. J. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okada, H. Okorokov, V. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Ploskon, M. A. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Powell, C. B. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Redwine, R. Reed, R. Rehberg, J. M. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Sahoo, R. Sakai, S. Sakrejda, I. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Schuster, T. R. Seele, J. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Symons, T. J. M. de Toledo, A. Szanto Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarini, L. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Tram, V. N. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. van Leeuwen, M. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wingfield, E. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. Xie, W. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xue, L. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yip, K. Yoo, I-K. Yue, Q. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhan, W. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, J. Zhou, W. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y-H. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. CA STAR Collaboration TI Three-Particle Coincidence of the Long Range Pseudorapidity Correlation in High Energy Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLASMA FLUX TUBES AB We report the first three-particle coincidence measurement in pseudorapidity (Delta eta) between a high transverse momentum (p(perpendicular to)) trigger particle and two lower p(perpendicular to) associated particles within azimuth |Delta phi| < 0.7 in root s(NN) = 200 GeV d + Au and Au + Au collisions. Charge ordering properties are exploited to separate the jetlike component and the ridge (long range Delta eta correlation). The results indicate that the correlation of ridge particles are uniform not only with respect to the trigger particle but also between themselves event by event in our measured Delta eta. In addition, the production of the ridge appears to be uncorrelated to the presence of the narrow jetlike component. C1 [Abelev, B. I.; Barannikova, O.; Betts, R. R.; Garcia-Solis, E. J.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Iordanova, A.; Kauder, K.; Suarez, M. C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Bridgeman, A.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Barnby, L. S.; Burton, T. P.; Elhalhuli, E.; Jones, P. G.; Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; DePhillips, M.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fachini, P.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Gordon, A.; Guryn, W.; Hallman, T. J.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Ludlam, T.; Ogawa, A.; Okada, H.; Perevoztchikov, V.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Ng, M. J.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Das, D.; Draper, J. E.; Haag, B.; Liu, H.; Mall, O. I.; Reed, R.; Romero, J. L.; Salur, S.; Sangaline, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Biritz, B.; Cendejas, R.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Guertin, S. M.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Kurnadi, P.; Sakai, S.; Staszak, D.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Whitten, C., Jr.; Xu, W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [de Souza, R. Derradi; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Gorbunov, Y. N.; McShane, T. S.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Krus, M.; Pachr, M.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Chung, P.; Jakl, P.; Kapitan, J.; Kouchpil, V.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.] Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. [Kollegger, T.; Mitrovski, M. K.; Rehberg, J. M.; Schuster, T. R.; Stock, R.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany. [Dash, S.; Jena, C.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Phatak, S. C.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Selyuzhenkov, I.; Sowinski, J.; Stevens, J. R.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Bhasin, A.; Dogra, S. M.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, N.; Mangotra, L. K.; Potukuchi, B. V. K. S.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Alakhverdyants, A. V.; Averichev, G. S.; Bnzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneev, R.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Anderson, B. D.; Bouchet, J.; Joseph, J.; Keane, D.; Kopytine, M.; Margetis, S.; Pandit, Y.; Subba, N. L.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.; Zhang, W. M.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Fatemi, R.; Fersch, R. G.; Korsch, W.; Webb, G.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Yang, Y.; Zhan, W.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Dong, X.; Grebenyuk, O.; Hjort, E.; Jacobs, P.; Kikola, D. P.; Kiryluk, J.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Odyniec, G.; Olson, D.; Ploskon, M. A.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Powell, C. B.; Ritter, H. G.; Rose, A.; Sakrejda, I.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X. M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Thomas, J. H.; Tram, V. N.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balewski, J.; Betancourt, M. J.; Corliss, R.; Hays-Wehle, J. P.; Hoffman, A. M.; Jones, C. L.; Kocoloski, A.; Leight, W.; Milner, R.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Redwine, R.; Sakuma, T.; Seele, J.; Surrow, B.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Walker, M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.; Simon, F.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Tarnowsky, T.; Wang, H.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.; Timoshenko, S.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Lindenbaum, S. J.] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; van Leeuwen, M.] NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; van Leeuwen, M.] Univ Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Chajecki, Z.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bueltmann, S.; Koralt, I.; Plyku, D.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Kumar, L.; Pruthi, N. K.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Eun, L.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Khodyrev, V. Yu.; Kravtsov, V. I.; Matulenko, Yu. A.; Meschanin, A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Hirsch, A.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Skoby, M. J.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Ulery, J.; Wang, F.; Wang, Q.; Xie, W.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Choi, K. E.; Grube, B.; Lee, C-H.; Yoo, I-K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Bonner, B. E.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Liu, J.; Llope, W. J.; McDonald, D.; Roberts, J. B.; Yepes, P.; Zhou, J.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Munhoz, M. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; de Toledo, A. Szanto] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, H. F.; Li, C.; Lu, Y.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Li, X.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhou, W.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Cai, X. Z.; Chen, J. H.; Han, L-X.; Jin, F.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Tian, J.; Xue, L.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Y-H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Erazmus, B.; Estienne, M.; Geromitsos, A.; Kabana, S.; Roy, C.; Sahoo, R.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Cervantes, M. C.; Clarke, R. F.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Djawotho, P.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Huo, L.; Mioduszewski, S.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Leyva, A. Davila; Hoffmann, G. W.; Kajimoto, K.; Li, L.; Markert, C.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Thein, D.; Wada, M.; Wingfield, E.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cheng, J.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, X.; Wang, Y.; Yue, Q.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Witt, R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Manweiler, R.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Webb, J. C.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta; Ganti, M. S.; Ghosh, P.; Mohanty, B.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Singaraju, R. N.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zawisza, M.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.; Kettler, D.; Prindle, D.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bellwied, R.; De Silva, L. C.; Elnimr, M.; LaPointe, S.; Pruneau, C.; Sharma, M.; Tarini, L. H.; Timmins, A. R.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Chen, J. Y.; Li, N.; Li, Z.; Liu, F.; Shi, S. S.; Wu, Y.] CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Baumgart, S.; Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Catu, O.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Knospe, A. G.; Lin, G.; Majka, R.; Nattrass, C.; Putschke, J.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Abelev, BI (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Pandit, Yadav/I-2170-2013; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Yang, Yanyun/B-9485-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Xue, Liang/F-8077-2013; Xu, Wenqin/H-7553-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Nattrass, Christine/J-6752-2016; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; OI Pandit, Yadav/0000-0003-2809-7943; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Yang, Yanyun/0000-0002-5982-1706; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Xue, Liang/0000-0002-2321-9019; Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179; Sorensen, Paul/0000-0001-5056-9391; Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536; van Leeuwen, Marco/0000-0002-5222-4888; Xu, Wenqin/0000-0002-5976-4991; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Nattrass, Christine/0000-0002-8768-6468; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Fisyak, Yuri/0000-0002-3151-8377 FU RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; Open Science Grid consortium; Offices of NP; U.S. DOE Office of Science; U.S. NSF; Sloan Foundation; DFG cluster of excellence; CNRS [IN2P3]; STFC; EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Ed. and Sci. of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science, the U.S. NSF, the Sloan Foundation, the DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe'', CNRS/IN2P3, STFC and EPSRC of the United Kingdom, FAPESP CNPq of Brazil, Ministry of Ed. and Sci. of the Russian Federation, NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FOM and NWO of the Netherlands, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India, Polish Ministry of Sci. and Higher Ed., Korea Research Foundation, Ministry of Sci., Ed. and Sports of the Rep. Of Croatia, Russian Ministry of Sci. and Tech, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 20 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 8 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 2 AR 022301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.022301 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 622HH UT WOS:000279651500001 PM 20867701 ER PT J AU Ivanov, LM Collins, CA Margolina, TM Eremeev, VN AF Ivanov, L. M. Collins, C. A. Margolina, T. M. Eremeev, V. N. TI Nonlinear Rossby waves off California SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A new interpretation of SSH anomalies propagating in the California Current System as weakly nonlinear Rossby waves (RWs) is suggested. Satellite altimetry and float data were used to extract annual and semi-annual components of RWs from a multi-scale altimetry signal and estimate their kinematic characteristics. Different propagation regimes for the waves were identified by propagation speed, wave steepness and length of spatial phase coherence (SPC). A transition from a SSH field dominated by waves to a turbulent-like field was detected in the saturation regime. The recurrence period for wave behavior was estimated as about 105-120 (195-210) days for the semiannual (annual) component. The propagation speed and length of SPC decreased when wave steepness increased, and westward propagation halted during the saturation regime. Citation: Ivanov, L. M., C. A. Collins, T. M. Margolina, and V. N. Eremeev (2010), Nonlinear Rossby waves off California, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L13602, doi:10.1029/2010GL043708. C1 [Ivanov, L. M.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Ivanov, L. M.; Collins, C. A.; Margolina, T. M.] USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Margolina, T. M.; Eremeev, V. N.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Marine Hydrophys, UA-99011 Sevastopol, Ukraine. RP Ivanov, LM (reprint author), Moss Landing Marine Labs, Pob 450, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM lmivanov@nps.edu FU NSF [OCE-0827527, OCE-0827160] FX The Argo data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Project (http://www.Argo.ucsd.edu; http://Argo.jcommops.org). Support for LI (CC) was provided by NSF grant OCE-0827527 (OCE-0827160). We thank an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments that allowed us to clarify these results. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L13602 DI 10.1029/2010GL043708 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 624MO UT WOS:000279823300002 ER PT J AU Garg, S Gao, HX Joo, YH Parrish, DA Huang, YG Shreeve, JM AF Garg, Sonali Gao, Haixiang Joo, Young-Hyuk Parrish, Damon A. Huang, Yangen Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI Taming of the Silver FOX SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL THEORY CALCULATIONS; ENERGY DENSITY MATERIAL; THEORETICAL CALCULATION; 1,1-DIAMINO-2,2-DINITROETHENE DADNE; CRYSTALLINE FOX-7; THERMAL-BEHAVIOR; DECOMPOSITION; REACTIVITY; DERIVATIVES; PRESSURE AB The first silver-FOX, silver-ammonia-FOX, and silver-amine-FOX compounds were synthesized by the reactions of silver nitrate with K-FOX or guanidine-FOX in water, aqueous ammonia, and amines, respectively. The crystal structure of silver-ammonia-FOX exhibits unique covalent bonding behavior, which is supported by NBO calculations. C1 [Garg, Sonali; Joo, Young-Hyuk; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Gao, Haixiang] China Agr Univ, Dept Appl Chem, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Parrish, Damon A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Huang, Yangen] Donghua Univ, Coll Chem Chem Engn & Biotechnol, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-07-1-0024]; National Science Foundation [CHE-0315275]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-1032] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (HDTRA1-07-1-0024), the National Science Foundation (CHE-0315275), and the Office of Naval Research (N00014-06-1-1032) NR 45 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 7 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 26 BP 8888 EP + DI 10.1021/ja103935q PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 621FP UT WOS:000279561200036 PM 20550113 ER PT J AU Li, F Shishkin, E Mastro, MA Hite, JK Eddy, CR Edgar, JH Ito, T AF Li, Feng Shishkin, Evgeniy Mastro, Michael A. Hite, Jennifer K. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Edgar, J. H. Ito, Takashi TI Photopolymerization of Self-Assembled Monolayers of Diacetylenic Alkylphosphonic Acids on Group-III Nitride Substrates SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM NITRIDE; POLYDIACETYLENE FILMS; PHOSPHONIC-ACIDS; GAN; OXIDE; POLYMERIZATION; MULTILAYERS; BIOSENSORS; SURFACES; LAYERS AB This paper describes the fabrication and characterization of photopolymerizable alkylphosphonate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on group-III nitride substrates including GaN and Al(x)Ga(1-x)N (AlGaN; x = 0.2 and 0.25). Contact angle goniometry, visible absorption spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy were used to assess the formation, desorption, and photopolymerization of SAMs of diacetylenic alkylphosphonicl acids (CH(3)(CH(2))(n) -C equivalent to C-C equivalent to C- (CH(2))(m)PO(OH)(2); (m, n) = (3, 11), (6, 8), and (9, 5)). As with GaN substrates (Ito, T.; Forman, S. M.; Cao, C.; Li, E.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Mastro, M. A.; Holm, R. T.; Henry, R. L.; Hohn, K.; Edgar, J. H. Langmuir 2008, 24, 6630-6635), alkylphosphonic acids formed SAMs on UV/O(3)-treated AlGaN substrates from their toluene solutions in contrast to other primary substituted hydrocarbons with a terminal -COOH, -NH(2), -OH, or -SH group, Diacetylenic alkylphosphonate SAMs on group-Ill nitrides could be polymerized by UV irradiation (254 nm), as indicated by the appearance of a visible absorption band around 640 nm and also by their significantly reduced desorption from the surface in a 0.1 M aqueous NaOH solution. A longer UV irradiation time was required to maximize the photopolymerization of a SAM having a diacetylene group close to the terminal phosphonatc moiety, probably because of the hindrance of the topochemical polymerization due to the limited flexibility of the cross-linking moieties on an atomically rough substrate surface. C1 [Li, Feng; Shishkin, Evgeniy; Ito, Takashi] Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Mastro, Michael A.; Hite, Jennifer K.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Edgar, J. H.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Ito, T (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, 213 CBC Bldg, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM ito@ksu.edu RI Ito, Takashi/A-4193-2008; Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Ito, Takashi/0000-0001-7443-3157; Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU Kansas State University; Office of Naval Research; American Society for Engineering Education-Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors thank Dr. Duy H. Hua and Dr. Huiping Zhao for their help with the organic synthesis, and Dr. Kenneth J. Klabunde and Dr. Kennedy K. Kalebaila for their assistance in the measurements of visible absorption spectra. They gratefully acknowledge financial support from Targeted Excellence Funds of Kansas State University. Work at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by the Office of Naval Research. J.K.H. and E.S. acknowledge the supports of the American Society for Engineering Education-Naval Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship Program and the Kansas State University Developing Scholars Program, respectively. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 6 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 13 BP 10725 EP 10730 DI 10.1021/la100273q PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 616VX UT WOS:000279239900045 PM 20524692 ER PT J AU Song, YM Wang, L Gyanda, R Sakhuja, R Cavallaro, M Jackson, DC Meher, NK Ciaramitaro, DA Bedford, CD Katritzky, AR Duran, RS AF Song, Yuming Wang, Ling Gyanda, Reena Sakhuja, Rajeev Cavallaro, Mayra Jackson, David Carnaby Meher, Nabin K. Ciaramitaro, David A. Bedford, Clifford D. Katritzky, Alan R. Duran, Randolph S. TI Effect of the Crosslink Functionality on the Mechanical Properties of Crosslinked 1,2,3-Triazole Polymers as Potential Binders for Rocket Propellants SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE crosslinking; mechanical properties; modulus; polyurethanes; strain ID AZIDE-ALKYNE CYCLOADDITION; ELASTOMERIC PROPERTIES; JUNCTION FUNCTIONALITY; CLICK CHEMISTRY; MODEL NETWORKS; DEPENDENCE; HYDROGELS; DENSITY; SCIENCE; CHAINS AB The mechanical properties of crosslinked polymers depend on their structural features, one of which is the functionality of the crosslinks in a polymer network. To study the effect of crosslink functionality (Phi) on the mechanical properties of 1,2,3-triazole polymers for potential application as rocket propellant binders, crosslinkers with different Phi's (3, 4, 6, 16, 32, and 64) were used in the polymerization. As the percentage of acetylenic groups provided by crosslinker was kept constant and the functionality of the crosslinker increased, the resulting polymer showed a higher modulus but a lower strain. Compared to traditional polyurethane binders, 1,2,3-triazole polymers showed comparable mechanical properties, although the stress and modulus tended to be lower and the strain capability tended to be greater for the triazole-linked rubbers. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 117: 473-478, 2010 C1 [Song, Yuming; Gyanda, Reena; Sakhuja, Rajeev; Meher, Nabin K.; Katritzky, Alan R.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Ctr Heterocycl Cpds, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ciaramitaro, David A.; Bedford, Clifford D.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Wang, Ling; Cavallaro, Mayra; Duran, Randolph S.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Polymer Res Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Jackson, David Carnaby] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Katritzky, AR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Ctr Heterocycl Cpds, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM katritzky@chem.ufl.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-1-0211] FX Contract grant sponsor: Office of Naval Research (from the Advanced Reactive and Energetic Materials Program); contract grant number: N00014-1-0211. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JUL 5 PY 2010 VL 117 IS 1 BP 473 EP 478 DI 10.1002/app.31426 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 594GF UT WOS:000277523500058 ER PT J AU Bolakis, C Grbovic, D Lavrik, NV Karunasiri, G AF Bolakis, C. Grbovic, D. Lavrik, N. V. Karunasiri, G. TI Design and characterization of terahertz-absorbing nano-laminates of dielectric and metal thin films SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB A terahertz-absorbing thin-film stack, containing a dielectric Bragg reflector and a thin chromium metal film, was fabricated on a silicon substrate for applications in bi-material terahertz (THz) sensors. The Bragg reflector is to be used for optical readout of sensor deformation under THz illumination. The THz absorption characteristics of the thin-film composite were measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The absorption of the structure was calculated both analytically and by finite element modeling and the two approaches agreed well. Finite element modeling provides a convenient way to extract the amount of power dissipation in each layer and is used to quantify the THz absorption in the multi-layer stack. The calculation and the model were verified by experimentally characterizing the multi-layer stack in the 3-5 THz range. The measured and simulated absorption characteristics show a reasonably good agreement. It was found that the composite film absorbed about 20% of the incident THz power. The model was used to optimize the thickness of the chromium film for achieving high THz absorption and found that about 50% absorption can be achieved when film thickness is around 9 nm. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Bolakis, C.; Grbovic, D.; Karunasiri, G.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Lavrik, N. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bolakis, C (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM gkarunas@nps.edu RI Lavrik, Nickolay/B-5268-2011 OI Lavrik, Nickolay/0000-0002-9543-5634 FU AFOSR; Scientific User Facilities Division, U.S. Department of Energy FX The authors would like to thank John Dunec at COMSOL for helpful discussions on finite element modeling. The work is supported in part by a grant from the AFOSR. A portion of this research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Scientific User Facilities Division, U. S. Department of Energy. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 20 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 5 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 14 BP 14488 EP 14495 DI 10.1364/OE.18.014488 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 622DN UT WOS:000279639900020 PM 20639934 ER PT J AU Duncan, B Nazarov-Stoica, C Surls, J Kehl, M Bona, C Casares, S Brumeanu, TD AF Duncan, Beverly Nazarov-Stoica, Cristina Surls, Jacqueline Kehl, Margaret Bona, Constantin Casares, Sofia Brumeanu, Teodor-D. TI Double Negative (CD3(+)4(-)8(-)) TCR alpha beta Splenic Cells from Young NOD Mice Provide Long-Lasting Protection against Type 1 Diabetes SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID REGULATORY T-CELLS; INVARIANT NKT CELLS; VERSUS-HOST-DISEASE; GAMMA-DELTA; IN-VIVO; SUPPRESSOR CELLS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; CUTTING EDGE; ANTIGEN; MOUSE AB Background: Double negative CD3(+)4(-)8(-) TCR alpha beta splenic cells (DNCD3) can suppress the immune responses to allo and xenografts, infectious agents, tumors, and some autoimmune disorders. However, little is known about their role in autoimmune diabetes, a disease characterized by the reduction of insulin production subsequent to destruction of pancreatic beta-cells by a polyclonal population of self-reactive T-cells. Herein, we analyzed the function and phenotype of DNCD3 splenic cells in young NOD mice predisposed to several autoimmune disorders among which, the human-like autoimmune diabetes. Methodology/Principal Findings: DNCD3 splenic cells from young NOD mice (1) provided long-lasting protection against diabetes transfer in NOD/Scid immunodeficient mice, (2) proliferated and differentiated in the spleen and pancreas of NOD/Scid mice and pre-diabetic NOD mice into IL-10-secreting T-R-1 like cells in a Th2-like environment, and (3) their anti-diabetogenic phenotype is CD3(+)(CD4(-)CD8(-))CD28(+)CD69(+)CD25(low) Foxp3(-) iCTLA-4(-)TCR alpha beta(+) with a predominant V beta 13 gene usage. Conclusions/Significance: These findings delineate a new T regulatory component in autoimmune diabetes apart from that of NKT and CD4(+)CD25(high) Foxp3(+)T-regulatory cells. DNCD3 splenic cells could be potentially manipulated towards the development of autologous cell therapies in autoimmune diabetes. C1 [Duncan, Beverly] NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Nazarov-Stoica, Cristina; Surls, Jacqueline; Kehl, Margaret; Casares, Sofia; Brumeanu, Teodor-D.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Bona, Constantin] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY USA. [Casares, Sofia] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Duncan, B (reprint author), NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM tbrumeanu@usuhs.edu RI e-, a/F-9947-2012 FU National Institutes of Health [DK61927, DK61326, DK077521, JDRF-12002-1151] FX This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (DK61927 & DK61326) to T.-D.B., and (DK077521 and JDRF-12002-1151) to S. C. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 74 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 2 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 7 AR e11427 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0011427 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 619YH UT WOS:000279465700012 PM 20625402 ER PT J AU Yakes, MK Cress, CD Tischler, JG Bracker, AS AF Yakes, Michael K. Cress, Cory D. Tischler, Joseph G. Bracker, Allan S. TI Three-Dimensional Control of Self-Assembled Quantum Dot Configurations SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE quantum dot; photoluminescence; nucleation; droplet epitaxy; molecular beam epitaxy ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; INAS ISLANDS; GAAS; GROWTH; NANOHOLES AB We demonstrate techniques for growing three-dimensional quantum dot configurations using molecular beam epitaxy on faceted template islands. Molecular beam shadowing leads to new geometries through selective nucleation of the dots on the template edges. Strain-induced stacking converts the planar configurations into three-dimensional structures. The resulting dot morphologies and their configurational uniformity are studied using cross sectional scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Combining photoluminescence measurements with structural characterization allows interpretation of the ensemble photoluminescence spectrum. Bright spectra for the three-dimensional structures suggest an improved method for combining lithographic nucleation sites with self-assembled dot growth. These techniques can be applied to lithographic templates to fabricate complex quantum dot networks. C1 [Yakes, Michael K.; Cress, Cory D.; Tischler, Joseph G.; Bracker, Allan S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bracker, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM allan.bracker@nrl.navy.mil RI Cress, Cory/A-8673-2009; Yakes, Michael/E-5510-2011; OI Cress, Cory/0000-0001-7563-6693 FU NSA/ARO; ONR FX Support from NSA/ARO and ONR is acknowledged. M.K.Y. is a NRC Research Associate at the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUL PY 2010 VL 4 IS 7 BP 3877 EP 3882 DI 10.1021/nn100623q PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 631RG UT WOS:000280364800040 PM 20557120 ER PT J AU Faierson, EJ Logan, KV Stewart, BK Hunt, MP AF Faierson, Eric J. Logan, Kathryn V. Stewart, Brian K. Hunt, Michael P. TI Demonstration of concept for fabrication of lunar physical assets utilizing lunar regolith simulant and a geothermite reaction SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE ISRU; Moon; Regolith; SHS; Dome; Habitat AB NASA's anticipated return to the Moon by 2020 and subsequent establishment of a lunar base will necessitate the development of methods to utilize lunar resources for various construction and resource extraction applications. In this study the design of a lunar physical asset utilizing in-situ resources available at the lunar surface was examined. The design incorporated a voussoir dome type of architecture that has been in use for centuries on Earth. Production of the desired dome elements was accomplished by initiating a geothermite reaction in a mixture of lunar regolith simulant and aluminum powder. Shaping of voussoir elements was accomplished during the reaction using a custom fabricated silica-slip crucible to contain the geothermite reactant mixture. The product of the reaction retained the shape of the crucible. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Faierson, Eric J.; Logan, Kathryn V.] Natl Inst Aerosp Virginia Tech, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Stewart, Brian K.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Hunt, Michael P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Faierson, EJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Aerosp Virginia Tech, 100 Explorat Way, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM faierson@vt.edu FU National Institute of Aerospace (NIA) [VT-03-01] FX This study was funded by National Institute of Aerospace (NIA) contract number VT-03-01. The authors thank NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) for the use of laboratory facilities. The authors also thank Dr. Norman Dowling and Mac McCord at Virginia Tech, as well as Dr. Wallace Vaughn and Craig Leggette at NASA LaRC for assistance with compressive strength testing. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.12.006 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 596LG UT WOS:000277685800004 ER PT J AU Novikova, EI Dietrich, WF Tylka, AJ Collins, J Phlips, BF AF Novikova, Elena I. Dietrich, William F. Tylka, Allan J. Collins, Jeb Phlips, Bernard F. TI Monte Carlo calibration of the response of the University of Chicago's Cosmic Ray Nuclei Experiment (CRNE) on IMP-8 to electrons above 0.5 MeV SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GEANT4; Monte Carlo; IMP-8; CRNE; Solar energetic particles (SEPs); Solar electrons ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS; HIGH-ENERGIES; SOLAR-FLARES; HEAVY-IONS; SPECTRA; ABUNDANCES; VARIABILITY; SPACECRAFT; HE-3 AB Modern instrument-simulation techniques offer the possibility of increasing the scientific yield from archival space datasets. In this paper, we report on a simulation of the electron response of the University of Chicago's Cosmic Ray Nuclei Experiment (CRNE) instrument on the IMP-8 satellite. IMP-8/CRNE returned data from 1973 to 2006. The CRNE particle telescope was designed to measure the isotopic composition of Galactic cosmic-ray (OCR) nuclei and has also been used in many studies of protons and ions above 10 MeV/nucleon from solar energetic particle (SEP) events. But CRNE also functions as a highly-capable detector for solar electrons above 0.5 MeV, an energy range that has not been extensively studied. Utilization of the CRNE electron data has heretofore been limited by the fact that CRNE was never calibrated for electrons. We have therefore used the GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation package to model the CRNE response to electrons and (separately) protons for multiple energies and incident angles. The results were used to compute the energy- and angle-dependence of the effective area and the energy-dependence of the geometric factor. The response to protons, which was already well understood, was used to verify the mass model, the simulation settings, and the post-processing software. Our simulation of the IMP-8/CRNE electron response now allows analysis of hundreds of relativistic solar electron events observed by CRNE over the years, including studies of evolution of electron energy spectra with high time resolution. We show examples of these results and briefly discuss potential applications to future scientific investigations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Novikova, Elena I.; Dietrich, William F.; Tylka, Allan J.; Phlips, Bernard F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Collins, Jeb] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Novikova, EI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM novikova@nrl.navy.mil RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 FU NSF [ATM-0339527]; DLR [50 OC 0105]; NASA [NNG06EC551, NNH07AG111]; Office of Naval Research FX We thank Dr. Clifford Lopate, Principal Investigator, for continued access to the CRNE and Climax data. The Climax neutron monitor data have been provided by the University of New Hampshire under NSF Grant ATM-0339527. SOHO/COSTEP has provided data through support under DLR Grant No. 50 OC 0105. This work has been supported by the Office of Naval Research and by NASA under DPRs NNG06EC551 and NNH07AG111. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 46 IS 1 BP 31 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2010.03.012 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 616OK UT WOS:000279218500003 ER PT J AU Patterson, MCL Brescia, A AF Patterson, M. C. L. Brescia, A. TI Operation of small sensor payloads on tactical sized unmanned air vehicles SO AERONAUTICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER-CONTENT; REFLECTANCE AB The miniaturisation of sensors has in recent years led to the ability to provide multiple sensor operations from a single Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) platform. Multiple UAS platforms can be synchronised to link devices from separate UAS platforms thus proving a powerful capability for data collection, while opening up interesting opportunities in the way data is retrieved and used. A range of new sensors being investigated will be discussed with reference to selected case studies that have taken place. As we move into an increasingly growing, data rich environment, data management, quality and pedigree will become of increasing importance. Operations for both defence and non-defence applications will be discussed with reference to the present capability and what is required in future systems. This paper describes some of the sensors currently being evaluated. In the coming years it is expected that we will see a sharp increase in the use of small tactical sized autonomous vehicles in general and a large growth in the capability of the payloads being used. C1 [Patterson, M. C. L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Brescia, A.] USN, Air Syst Command NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Patterson, MCL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mclp@email.arizona.edu FU US Navy; US Army; US Department of Homeland Security (HSARPA); University of Colorado, Cmdr.; CIRES/NOAA; NSF FX This paper was presented at the 23rd Bristol, UAV Systems conference in April 2008 and the authors would like to thank the organising committee for allowing it to be published. The authors also acknowledge support from the US Navy, the US Army and the US Department of Homeland Security (HSARPA). Special thanks are also acknowledged for Dr James Maslanik at the University of Colorado, Cmdr. John Adler (PhD) from CIRES/NOAA, to NOAA and NSF and all others who supported the two missions to Greenland in 2007 and 2008. To Dr Ramanathan and Hung Nguyen and other post graduate researchers from the Scripps Institute of Oceanography who have provided vision and pushed the envelope with small UAV platforms and climate data collection. Thanks are also extended to Drs Larry Stolarczyk, and Robert Troublefield and other representatives from Stolar Research Corporation who have developed the ground based EMG technology and helped transition to an airborne platform. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOC PI LONDON PA 4 HAMILTON PL, LONDON W1J 7BQ, ENGLAND SN 0001-9240 J9 AERONAUT J JI Aeronaut. J. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 114 IS 1157 BP 427 EP 436 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 632JA UT WOS:000280417800003 ER PT J AU Quinlan, JD Gauron, MR Deschere, BR Stephens, MB AF Quinlan, Jeffrey D. Gauron, Michael R. Deschere, Bruce R. Stephens, Mark B. TI Care of the Returning Veteran SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM; VIETNAM VETERANS; US VETERANS; RISK; ARMY; AFGHANISTAN; DEPRESSION; SOLDIERS AB Of the 23.8 million military veterans living in the United States, approximately 3 million have served in Operation Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom. The injuries and illnesses that affect veterans returning from combat are predictable. Blast injuries are common and most often present as mild traumatic brain injury, which is synonymous with concussion. Family physicians caring for returning veterans will also encounter conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder at rates higher than those in the general population. The symptoms associated with posttraumatic stress disorder and mild traumatic brain injury often overlap and can present concurrently. Treatment of traumatic brain injury should be based on symptoms and guided by clinical practice guidelines from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense. Family physicians should understand the range of post-war health concerns and screen returning service members for posttraumatic stress disorder, substance abuse, suicidality, and clinical depression. Family physicians are well positioned to offer continuity of care for issues affecting returning service members and to coordinate the delivery of specialized care when needed. (Am Fam Physician. 2010;82(1):43-49. Copyright (C) 2010 American Academy of Family Physicians.) C1 [Stephens, Mark B.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Quinlan, Jeffrey D.] USN, Med Support Command, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Gauron, Michael R.] Mike OCallaghan Fed Hosp, Family Med Residency Program, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [Deschere, Bruce R.] USN, Hosp Pensacola, Family Med Residency Program, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Stephens, MB (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM mstephens@usuhs.mil RI Stephens, Mark/A-2679-2015 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 PG 7 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 621PV UT WOS:000279594300008 PM 20590069 ER PT J AU Johnson, RW Newby, LK Granger, CB Cook, WA Peterson, ED Echols, M Bride, W Granger, BB AF Johnson, Rebecca W. Newby, L. Kristin Granger, Christopher B. Cook, Wendy A. Peterson, Eric D. Echols, Melvin Bride, Wanda Granger, Bradi B. TI DIFFERENCES IN LEVEL OF CARE AT THE END OF LIFE ACCORDING TO RACE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE; OF-LIFE; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; CRITICALLY-ILL; UNITED-STATES; LAST YEAR; OUTCOMES; TRENDS; DEATH; PREFERENCES AB Background Tailoring care for patients and their families at the end of life is important. Purpose To examine factors associated with patients' choices for level of care at the end of life. Methods Data on demographics and level of care (full code, do not resuscitate, or withdrawal of life support) were collected on 1072 patients who died between January 1998 and June 2006 on a cardiac care unit. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with level of care. Results Median (interquartile range) age of blacks was 64 (50-74) years and of whites was 70 (62-78) years. At the time of death, the level of care differed significantly between blacks and whites: 41.8% (n = 112) of blacks versus 26.7% (n = 194) of whites chose full code (P < .001), 37.3% (n = 96) of blacks versus 43.9% (n = 317) of whites chose do not resuscitate (P = .03), and 20.9% (n = 54) of blacks versus 29.3% ( n = 210) of whites chose withdrawal of life support (P = .005). After age, sex, diagnosis, and lengths of stay in intensive care unit and hospital were controlled for, blacks were more likely than whites to choose full code status at the time of death (odds ratio 1.91 [95% confidence interval, 2.63-1.39], P < .001). Conclusions Blacks are 1.9 times as likely as others to choose full code at time of death. Cultural differences should be acknowledged when providing end-of-life care. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2010; 19:335-344) C1 [Johnson, Rebecca W.; Echols, Melvin; Bride, Wanda] Duke Univ Hlth Syst, Ctr Heart, Durham, NC USA. [Newby, L. Kristin; Granger, Christopher B.; Peterson, Eric D.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Cook, Wendy A.] USN Hosp, Bremerton, WA USA. [Cook, Wendy A.] USN, Nurse Corps, Bremerton, WA USA. [Granger, Bradi B.] Duke Univ Hlth Syst, Duke Translat Nursing Inst, Durham, NC USA. [Granger, Bradi B.] Duke Univ, Sch Nursing, Durham, NC USA. [Johnson, Rebecca W.] Duke Univ Hlth Syst, Cardiac Care Unit, Durham, NC USA. RP Johnson, RW (reprint author), Duke Hosp, Box 100701,2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM johns151@mc.duke.edu RI Granger, Christopher/D-3458-2014 OI Granger, Christopher/0000-0002-0045-3291 FU American Association of Critical-Care Nurses; National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health FX This work was funded in part by a clinical practice grant from the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses and by a Clinical and Translational Science Award (UL1RR024128) from the National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CRITICAL CARE NURSES PI ALISO VIEJO PA 101 COLUMBIA, ALISO VIEJO, CA 92656 USA SN 1062-3264 J9 AM J CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Crit. Care PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 BP 335 EP 344 DI 10.4037/ajcc2010161 PG 10 WC Critical Care Medicine; Nursing SC General & Internal Medicine; Nursing GA 619AB UT WOS:000279397100005 PM 20595215 ER PT J AU Oduro, AR Fryauff, DJ Koram, KA Rogers, WO Anto, F Atuguba, F Anyorigiya, T Adjuik, M Ansah, P Hodgson, A Nkrumah, F AF Oduro, Abraham R. Fryauff, David J. Koram, Kwadwo A. Rogers, William O. Anto, Francis Atuguba, Frank Anyorigiya, Thomas Adjuik, Martin Ansah, Patrick Hodgson, Abraham Nkrumah, Francis TI Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine Based Intermittent Preventive Treatment, Bed Net Use, and Antenatal Care during Pregnancy: Demographic Trends and Impact on the Health of Newborns in the Kassena Nankana District, Northeastern Ghana SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN GHANA; MALARIA INFECTION; PLACENTAL MALARIA; BIRTH-WEIGHT; FETAL ANEMIA; AREA; MALAWI; KENYA; RISK AB Demographics and health practices of 2,232 pregnant women in rural northeastern Ghana and characteristics of their 2,279 newborns were analyzed to determine benefits associated with intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp), antenatal care, and/or bed net use during pregnancy. More than half reported bed net use, 90% reported at least two antenatal care visits, and > 82% took at least one IPTp dose of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. Most used a bed net and IPTp (45%) or IPTp alone (38%). Low birth weight (<2,500 grams) characterized 18.3% of the newborns and was significantly associated with female sex, Nankam ethnicity, first-born status, and multiple births. Among newborns of primigravidae, IPTp was associated with a significantly greater birth weight, significantly fewer low birth weight newborns, improved hemoglobin levels, and less anemia. Babies of multigravidae derived no benefit to birth weight or hemoglobin level from single or multiple doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine during pregnancy. No differences or benefits were seen when a bed net was the only protective factor. C1 [Fryauff, David J.; Rogers, William O.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Oduro, Abraham R.; Anto, Francis; Atuguba, Frank; Anyorigiya, Thomas; Adjuik, Martin; Ansah, Patrick; Hodgson, Abraham] Navrongo Hlth Res Ctr, Navrongo, Ghana. [Koram, Kwadwo A.; Nkrumah, Francis] Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, Accra, Ghana. RP Fryauff, DJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM david.fryauff@med.navy.mil FU National Institutes of Health Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases [HHSN266200400016C, Y1-AI-4866] FX This study was supported by National Institutes of Health Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Contract #HHSN266200400016C and interagency agreement #Y1-AI-4866. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 83 IS 1 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0066 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 618OU UT WOS:000279366300017 PM 20595482 ER PT J AU Pancrazzi, M Focardi, M Landini, F Romoli, M Fineschi, S Gherardi, A Pace, E Massone, G Antonucci, E Moses, D Newmark, J Wang, D Rossi, G AF Pancrazzi, M. Focardi, M. Landini, F. Romoli, M. Fineschi, S. Gherardi, A. Pace, E. Massone, G. Antonucci, E. Moses, D. Newmark, J. Wang, D. Rossi, G. TI HERSCHEL/SCORE, imaging the solar corona in visible and EUV light: CCD camera characterization SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE UV/vis detectors; Imaging; Coronagraph; Solar corona; CCD cameras ID WIND AB The HERSCHEL (helium resonant scattering in the corona and heliosphere) experiment is a rocket mission that was successfully launched last September from White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, USA. HERSCHEL was conceived to investigate the solar corona in the extreme UV (EUV) and in the visible broadband polarized brightness and provided, for the first time, a global map of helium in the solar environment. The HERSCHEL payload consisted of a telescope, HERSCHEL EUV Imaging Telescope (HEIT), and two coronagraphs, HECOR (helium coronagraph) and SCORE (sounding coronagraph experiment). The SCORE instrument was designed and developed mainly by Italian research institutes and it is an imaging coronagraph to observe the solar corona from 1.4 to 4 solar radii. SCORE has two detectors for the EUV lines at 121.6 nm (HI) and 30.4 nm (HeII) and the visible broadband polarized brightness. The SCORE UV detector is an intensified CCD with a microchannel plate coupled to a CCD through a fiber-optic bundle. The SCORE visible light detector is a frame-transfer CCD coupled to a polarimeter based on a liquid crystal variable retarder plate. The SCORE coronagraph is described together with the performances of the cameras for imaging the solar corona. C1 [Pancrazzi, M.; Focardi, M.; Landini, F.; Romoli, M.; Gherardi, A.; Pace, E.; Rossi, G.] Univ Florence, Dept Phys & Astron, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Fineschi, S.; Massone, G.; Antonucci, E.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. [Moses, D.; Newmark, J.; Wang, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pancrazzi, M (reprint author), Univ Florence, Dept Phys & Astron, Largo E Fermi 2, I-50125 Florence, Italy. EM panc@arcetri.astro.it RI Romoli, Marco/H-6859-2012; Focardi, Mauro/B-7880-2013; OI Focardi, Mauro/0000-0002-3806-4283; Pancrazzi, Maurizio/0000-0002-3789-2482 FU NRL scientific and technical team; Italian Space Agency [ASI/I/015/07] FX We are very grateful to Ziyu Wu and Augusto Marcelli for having invited one of us (M. P.) to the ITSR09 conference, giving great opportunity to discuss this work. We express our gratitude to the NRL scientific and technical team for the invaluable support during calibration and testing of SCORE, for the fruitful discussions on the topic, and for having offered us their experience. This work is supported by the Italian Space Agency contract ASI/I/015/07. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 397 IS 6 BP 2033 EP 2038 DI 10.1007/s00216-010-3697-5 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 619TK UT WOS:000279453000002 PM 20428852 ER PT J AU Kostic, MA Gutierrez, FJ Rieg, TS Moore, TS Gendron, RT AF Kostic, Mark A. Gutierrez, Francisco J. Rieg, Thomas S. Moore, Tammy S. Gendron, Richard T. TI A Prospective, Randomized Trial of Intravenous Prochlorperazine Versus Subcutaneous Sumatriptan in Acute Migraine Therapy in the Emergency Department SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Academic-Emergency-Medicine (SAEM) CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2008 CL Washington, DC SP Soc Acad Emergency Med ID DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL; PAIN SEVERITY; HEADACHES; KETOROLAC; ATTACKS AB Study objective: Intravenous (IV) prochlorperazine with diphenhydramine is superior to subcutaneous sumatriptan in the treatment of migraine patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, after providing written informed consent, patients presenting to the ED with a chief complaint of migraine received a 500-mL bolus of IV saline solution and either 10 mg prochlorperazine with 12.5 mg diphenhydramine IV plus saline solution placebo subcutaneously or saline solution placebo IV plus 6 mg sumatriptan subcutaneously. Pain intensity was assessed with 100-mm visual analog scales (visual analog scale at baseline and every 20 minutes for 80 minutes). The primary outcome was change in pain intensity from baseline to 80 minutes or time of ED discharge if subjects remained in the ED for fewer than 80 minutes after treatment. Sedation and nausea were assessed every 20 minutes with visual analog scale scales, and subjects were contacted within 72 hours to assess headache recurrence. Results: Sixty-eight subjects entered the trial, with complete data for 66 subjects. Baseline pain scores were similar for the prochlorperazine/diphenhydramine and sumatriptan groups (76 versus 71 mm). Mean reductions in pain intensity at 80 minutes or time of ED discharge were 73 mm for the prochlorperazine/diphenhydramine group and 50 mm for those receiving sumatriptan (mean difference 23 mm; 95% confidence interval 11 to 36 mm). Sedation, nausea, and headache recurrence rates were similar. Conclusion: IV prochlorperazine with diphenhydramine is superior to subcutaneous sumatriptan in the treatment of migraine. [Ann Emerg Med. 2010;56:1-6.] C1 [Kostic, Mark A.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Pediat Emergency Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Kostic, Mark A.; Gutierrez, Francisco J.; Moore, Tammy S.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Rieg, Thomas S.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest & Res, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Gendron, Richard T.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Kostic, MA (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Pediat Emergency Med, 999 N 92nd St,Suite C 660, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM mkostic@mcw.edu NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 56 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.11.020 PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 622KB UT WOS:000279660200003 PM 20045576 ER PT J AU Brigger, MT Ashland, JE Hartnick, C AF Brigger, Matthew T. Ashland, Jean E. Hartnick, Christopher TI Injection Pharyngoplasty With Calcium Hydroxylapatite for Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Patient Selection and Technique SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID VOCAL FOLD AUGMENTATION; CLEFT-PALATE SPEAKERS; COMPETENCE; SPHINCTER AB Objective: To identify children who may benefit from calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) injection pharyngoplasty for symptomatic velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). Design: Retrospective review of children with VPI who underwent injection pharyngoplasty with CaHA. Setting: Multidisciplinary pediatric aerodigestive center. Patients: Children with symptomatic VPI as defined by abnormal speech associated with subjective and objective measures of hypernasality. Intervention: Posterior pharyngeal wall augmentation with injectable CaHA. Main Outcome Measure: Nasalence scores recorded as number of standard deviations (SDs) from normalized scores, and perceptual scoring recorded as standardized weighted score and caretaker satisfaction from direct report. Results: Twelve children who had undergone injection pharyngoplasty with CaHA were identified. Of the 12 children, 8 demonstrated success at 3 months as defined by nasalence (<1 SD above normal nasalance scores), perceptual scoring (decrease in weighted score), and overall caretaker satisfaction. Four children were followed up for more than 24 months and continued to demonstrate stable success. The 4 children who failed the procedure all failed before the 3-month evaluation and demonstrated increased baseline severity of VPI as defined by increased preoperative nasalence scores (5.25 SD vs 2.4 SD above normalized scores), perceptual scores (weighted score, 4.25 vs 3.85), and characteristic nasendoscopy findings of a broad-based velopharyngeal gap or unilateral adynamism. Three of the 4 treatment failures occurred early in the senior author's (C.J.H.) experience with the technique. Conclusions: Injection pharyngoplasty with CaHA is a useful adjunct in the treatment of children with mild VPI. Efficacy and safety have been demonstrated more than 24 months after injection. Patient selection and operative technique are critical to the success of the procedure. Success is seen most often in children with mild VPI and small well-defined velopharyngeal gaps consistent with touch closure. C1 [Brigger, Matthew T.] USN, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Ashland, Jean E.] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Speech Language & Swallowing Disorders, Boston, MA USA. [Hartnick, Christopher] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Otol & Laryngol, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Brigger, MT (reprint author), USN, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Diego Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM matt.brigger@alumni.vanderbilt.edu NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0886-4470 J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 136 IS 7 BP 666 EP 670 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 625WA UT WOS:000279926300003 PM 20644060 ER PT J AU Whitmore, BC Chandar, R Schweizer, F Rothberg, B Leitherer, C Rieke, M Rieke, G Blair, WP Mengel, S Alonso-Herrero, A AF Whitmore, Bradley C. Chandar, Rupali Schweizer, Francois Rothberg, Barry Leitherer, Claus Rieke, Marcia Rieke, George Blair, W. P. Mengel, S. Alonso-Herrero, A. TI THE ANTENNAE GALAXIES (NGC 4038/4039) REVISITED: ADVANCED CAMERA FOR SURVEYS AND NICMOS OBSERVATIONS OF A PROTOTYPICAL MERGER SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (NGC 4038, NGC 4039); galaxies: interactions; galaxies: star clusters: general ID YOUNG STAR-CLUSTERS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; CHANDRA MONITORING OBSERVATIONS; EVOLUTIONARY SYNTHESIS MODELS; SMALL MAGELLANIC CLOUDS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; MASS FUNCTION; SPIRAL GALAXIES; PHOTOMETRIC PERFORMANCE; DISRUPTION MECHANISMS AB The Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) have been used to obtain new Hubble Space Telescope images of NGC 4038/4039 ("The Antennae"). These new observations allow us to better differentiate compact star clusters from individual stars, based on both size and color. We use this ability to extend the cluster luminosity function (LF) by approximately 2 mag over our previous WFPC2 results, and find that it continues as a single power law, dN/dL proportional to L(alpha) with alpha = -2.13 +/- 0.07, down to the observational limit of M(V) approximate to -7. Similarly, the mass function (MF) is a single power law dN/dM proportional to M beta with beta = -2.10 +/- 0.20 for clusters with ages <3 x 10(8) yr, corresponding to lower mass limits that range from 10(4) to 10(5) M(circle dot), depending on the age range of the subsample. Hence, the power-law indices for the luminosity and MFs are essentially the same. The LF for intermediate-age clusters (i.e., similar to 100-300 Myr old objects found in the loops, tails, and outer areas) shows no bend or turnover down to M(V) approximate to -6, consistent with relaxation-driven cluster disruption models which predict the turnover should not be observed until M(V) approximate to -4. An analysis of individual similar to 0.5 kpc sized areas over diverse environments shows good agreement between values of alpha and beta, similar to the results for the total population of clusters in the system. There is tentative evidence that the values of both alpha and beta are flatter for the youngest clusters in some areas, but it is possible that this is caused by observational biases. Several of the areas studied show evidence for age gradients, with somewhat older clusters appearing to have triggered the formation of younger clusters. The area around Knot B is a particularly interesting example, with a similar to 10-50 Myr old cluster of estimated mass similar to 10(6) M(circle dot) having apparently triggered the formation of several younger, more massive (up to 5 x 10(6) M(circle dot)) clusters along a dust lane. A comparison with new NICMOS observations reveals that only 16% +/- 6% of the IR-bright clusters in the Antennae are still heavily obscured, with values of A(V) > 3 mag. C1 [Whitmore, Bradley C.; Rothberg, Barry; Leitherer, Claus] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Chandar, Rupali] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Schweizer, Francois] Carnegie Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Rothberg, Barry] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rieke, Marcia; Rieke, George] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Blair, W. P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Astrophys Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Alonso-Herrero, A.] CSIC, Inst Estructura Mat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. RP Whitmore, BC (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM whitmore@stsci.edu; s.mengel@gmx.net RI Alonso-Herrero, Almudena/H-1426-2015 OI Alonso-Herrero, Almudena/0000-0001-6794-2519 FU NASA [GO-10188, NAS5-26555] FX We thank Stephane Charlot for making the CB07 population-synthesis models for HST passbands available ahead of publication, and Lars Christensen for the use of his beautiful color image of the Antennae. We thank Mike Fall, Nate Bastian, Mark Gieles, and Soeren Larsen for helpful discussions and comments on the manuscript. We also thank an anonymous referee for several comments that helped improve the paper. Support for Program GO-10188 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. NR 85 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 140 IS 1 BP 75 EP 109 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/140/1/75 PG 35 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 609XK UT WOS:000278691700007 ER PT J AU Baines, EK McAlister, HA ten Brummelaar, TA Turner, NH Sturmann, J Sturmann, L Goldfinger, PJ Farrington, CD Ridgway, ST AF Baines, Ellyn K. McAlister, Harold A. ten Brummelaar, Theo A. Turner, Nils H. Sturmann, Judit Sturmann, Laszlo Goldfinger, P. J. Farrington, Christopher D. Ridgway, Stephen T. TI RULING OUT POSSIBLE SECONDARY STARS TO EXOPLANET HOST STARS USING THE CHARA ARRAY SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: general; infrared: stars; planetary systems; techniques: interferometric ID K GIANT STARS; PALOMAR TESTBED INTERFEROMETER; ICCD SPECKLE OBSERVATIONS; PLANETARY COMPANIONS; ANGULAR DIAMETERS; SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES; STELLAR INTERFEROMETRY; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES; MASS STARS; CATALOG AB Of the over 450 exoplanets known to date, more than 420 of them have been discovered using radial velocity studies, a method that tells nothing about the inclination of the planet's orbit. Because it is more likely that the companion is a planetary-mass object in a moderate-to high-inclination orbit than a low-mass stellar object in a nearly face-on orbit, the secondary bodies are presumed to be planets. Interferometric observations allow us to inspect the angular diameter fit residuals to calibrated visibilities in order to rule out the possibility of a low-mass stellar companion in a very low-inclination orbit. We used the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy Array interferometer to observe 20 exoplanet host stars and considered five potential secondary spectral types: G5 V, K0 V, K5 V, M0 V, and M5 V. If a secondary star is present and is sufficiently bright, the effects of the added light will appear in interferometric observations where the planet will not. All secondary types could be eliminated from consideration for seven host stars and no secondary stars of any spectral type could be ruled out for seven more. The remaining six host stars showed a range of possible secondary types. C1 [Baines, Ellyn K.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [McAlister, Harold A.; ten Brummelaar, Theo A.; Turner, Nils H.; Sturmann, Judit; Sturmann, Laszlo; Goldfinger, P. J.; Farrington, Christopher D.] Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Ridgway, Stephen T.] Kitt Peak Natl Observ, Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. RP Baines, EK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ellyn.baines.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; hal@chara.gsu.edu; theo@chara-array.org; nils@chara-array.org; judit@chara-array.org; sturmann@chara-array.org; pj@chara-array.org; farrington@chara-array.org; ridgway@noao.edu FU National Science Foundation [AST-0908253]; Georgia State University through the College of Arts and Sciences; NASA [NNH09AK731] FX The CHARA Array is funded by the National Science Foundation through NSF grant AST-0908253 and by Georgia State University through the College of Arts and Sciences, and S. T. R. acknowledges partial support by NASA grant NNH09AK731. This research has made use of the SIMBAD literature database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, and of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 140 IS 1 BP 167 EP 176 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/140/1/167 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 609XK UT WOS:000278691700014 ER PT J AU Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI McAlister, HA AF Mason, Brian D. Hartkopf, William I. McAlister, Harold A. TI BINARY STAR ORBITS. III. REVISITING THE REMARKABLE CASE OF TWEEDLEDUM AND TWEEDLEDEE SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: general; binaries: visual; stars: individual (HR 7048); techniques: interferometric ID ICCD SPECKLE OBSERVATIONS; PEAK 4-M TELESCOPE; INTERFEROMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; KITT-PEAK; MICROMETER MEASURES; TYCHO-2 CATALOG; MULTIPLE STARS; VISUAL-SYSTEMS; CD-ROM AB Two of the most challenging objects for optical interferometry in the middle of the last century were the close components (FIN 332) of the wide visual binary STF2375 (= WDS 18455+0530 = HIP 92027 = ADS 11640). Each component of the wide pair was found to have subcomponents of approximately the same magnitude, position angle, and separation and, hence, were designated by the tongue-in-cheek monikers "Tweedledum and Tweedledee" by the great visual interferometrist William S. Finsen in 1953. They were later included in a list of "Double Stars that Vex the Observer" by W. H. van den Bos in 1958. While speckle interferometry has reaped a rich harvest investigating the close inteferometric binaries of Finsen, the "Tweedles" have continued to both fascinate and exasperate due to both the great similarity of the close pairs and the inherent 180 degrees ambiguity associated with interferometry. Detailed analysis of all published observations of the system has revealed several errors which are here corrected, allowing for determination of these orbital elements which resolve the quadrant ambiguity. A unique software filter was developed which allowed subarrays from archival ICCD speckle data from 1982 to be re-reduced. Those data, combined with new and unpublished observations obtained in 2001-2009 from NOAO 4 m telescopes, the Mount Wilson 100 inch telescope and the Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station 61 inch telescope as well as high-quality unresolved measures all allow for the correct orbits to be determined. Co-planarity of the multiple system is also investigated. C1 [Mason, Brian D.; Hartkopf, William I.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [McAlister, Harold A.] Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Mason, BD (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM bdm@usno.navy.mil; wih@usno.navy.mil; hal@chara.gsu.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH06AD70I] FX We acknowledge W. S. Finsen and W. van den Bos for their pioneering work in double star interferometry in the southern hemisphere. Also we thank the USNO on-site archives for access to the voluminous correspondence between W. S. Finsen and C. E. Worley, head of the USNO visual double star program and Washington Double Star catalog projects for more than 30 years. The USNO speckle interferometry program has been supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under reimbursable NNH06AD70I, issued through the Terrestrial Planet Finder Foundation Science program. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. Thanks are also extended to Ken Johnston and the U.S. Naval Observatory for their continued support of the Double Star Program. NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 140 IS 1 BP 242 EP 252 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/140/1/242 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 609XK UT WOS:000278691700023 ER PT J AU Fischer, J Sturm, E Gonzalez-Alfonso, E Gracia-Carpio, J Hailey-Dunsheath, S Poglitsch, A Contursi, A Lutz, D Genzel, R Sternberg, A Verma, A Tacconi, L AF Fischer, J. Sturm, E. Gonzalez-Alfonso, E. Gracia-Carpio, J. Hailey-Dunsheath, S. Poglitsch, A. Contursi, A. Lutz, D. Genzel, R. Sternberg, A. Verma, A. Tacconi, L. TI Herschel-PACS spectroscopic diagnostics of local ULIRGs: Conditions and kinematics in Markarian 231 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE infrared: galaxies; galaxies: ISM; quasars: absorption lines; galaxies: individual: Mrk 231 ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; MOLECULAR GAS; STARBURSTS; MERGERS; NUCLEI; SAMPLE; LINES AB In this first paper on the results of our Herschel PACS survey of local ultra luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs), as part of our SHINING survey of local galaxies, we present far-infrared spectroscopy of Mrk 231, the most luminous of the local ULIRGs, and a type 1 broad absorption line AGN. For the first time in a ULIRG, all observed far-infrared fine-structure lines in the PACS range were detected and all were found to be deficient relative to the far infrared luminosity by 1-2 orders of magnitude compared with lower luminosity galaxies. The deficits are similar to those for the mid-infrared lines, with the most deficient lines showing high ionization potentials. Aged starbursts may account for part of the deficits, but partial covering of the highest excitation AGN powered regions may explain the remaining line deficits. A massive molecular outflow, discovered in OH and (18)OH, showing outflow velocities out to at least 1400 km s(-1), is a unique signature of the clearing out of the molecular disk that formed by dissipative collapse during the merger. The outflow is characterized by extremely high ratios of (18)O/(16)O suggestive of interstellar medium processing by advanced starbursts. C1 [Fischer, J.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sturm, E.; Gracia-Carpio, J.; Hailey-Dunsheath, S.; Poglitsch, A.; Contursi, A.; Lutz, D.; Genzel, R.; Tacconi, L.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Gonzalez-Alfonso, E.] Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Fis, Alcala De Henares, Spain. [Sternberg, A.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Verma, A.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Fischer, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jackie.fischer@nrl.navy.mil FU BMVIT (Austria); ESA-PRODEX (Belgium); CEA/CNES (France); DLR (Germany); ASI/INAF (Italy); CICYT/MCYT (Spain); US ONR; NHSC FX PACS has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by MPE (Germany) and including UVIE (Austria); KU Leuven, CSL, IMEC (Belgium); CEA, LAM (France); MPIA (Germany); INAF-IFSI/OAA/OAP/OAT, LENS, SISSA (Italy); IAC (Spain). This development has been supported by the funding agencies BMVIT (Austria), ESA-PRODEX (Belgium), CEA/CNES (France), DLR (Germany), ASI/INAF (Italy), and CICYT/MCYT (Spain). We thank the HerCULES Key Project for providing the [NII] 205 mu m profile. Basic research in IR astronomy at NRL is funded by the US ONR. J.F. acknowledges support from the NHSC and wishes to thank MPE for its hospitality during the first exciting year of Herschel science. NR 27 TC 134 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 518 AR L41 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014676 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 646GQ UT WOS:000281527200042 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Alfonso, E Fischer, J Isaak, K Rykala, A Savini, G Spaans, M van der Werf, P Meijerink, R Israel, FP Loenen, AF Vlahakis, C Smith, HA Charmandaris, V Aalto, S Henkel, C Weiss, A Walter, F Greve, TR Martin-Pintado, J Naylor, DA Spinoglio, L Veilleux, S Harris, AI Armus, L Lord, S Mazzarella, J Xilouris, EM Sanders, DB Dasyra, KM Wiedner, MC Kramer, C Papadopoulos, PP Stacey, GJ Evans, AS Gao, Y AF Gonzalez-Alfonso, E. Fischer, J. Isaak, K. Rykala, A. Savini, G. Spaans, M. van der Werf, P. Meijerink, R. Israel, F. P. Loenen, A. F. Vlahakis, C. Smith, H. A. Charmandaris, V. Aalto, S. Henkel, C. Weiss, A. Walter, F. Greve, T. R. Martin-Pintado, J. Naylor, D. A. Spinoglio, L. Veilleux, S. Harris, A. I. Armus, L. Lord, S. Mazzarella, J. Xilouris, E. M. Sanders, D. B. Dasyra, K. M. Wiedner, M. C. Kramer, C. Papadopoulos, P. P. Stacey, G. J. Evans, A. S. Gao, Y. TI Herschel observations of water vapour in Markarian 231 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM: molecules; galaxies: ISM; galaxies: individual: Mrk 231; line: formation; infrared: ISM; submillimeter: galaxies ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; EXCITATION; NUCLEI; H2O AB The Ultra luminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) Mrk 231 reveals up to seven rotational lines of water (H(2)O) in emission, including a very high-lying (Eupper = 640 K) line detected at a 4 sigma level, within the Herschel/SPIRE wavelength range (190 < lambda(mu m) < 640), whereas PACS observations show one H(2)O line at 78 mu m in absorption, as found for other H(2)O lines previously detected by ISO. The absorption/emission dichotomy is caused by the pumping of the rotational levels by far-infrared radiation emitted by dust, and subsequent relaxation through lines at longer wavelengths, which allows us to estimate both the column density of H(2)O and the general characteristics of the underlying far-infrared continuum source. Radiative transfer models including excitation through both absorption of far-infrared radiation emitted by dust and collisions are used to calculate the equilibrium level populations of H(2)O and the corresponding line fluxes. The highest-lying H(2)O lines detected in emission, with levels at 300-640 K above the ground state, indicate that the source of far-infrared radiation responsible for the pumping is compact (radius = 110-180 pc) and warm (T(dust) = 85-95 K), accounting for at least 45% of the bolometric luminosity. The high column density, N(H(2)O) similar to 5 x 10(17) cm(-2), found in this nuclear component, is most probably the consequence of shocks/cosmic rays, an XDR chemistry, and/or an "undepleted chemistry" where grain mantles are evaporated. A more extended region, presumably the inner region of the 1-kpc disk observed in other molecular species, could contribute to the flux observed in low-lying H(2)O lines through dense hot cores, and/or shocks. The H(2)O 78 mu m line observed with PACS shows hints of a blue-shifted wing seen in absorption, possibly indicating the occurrence of H(2)O in the prominent outflow detected in OH (Fischer et al. 2010, A&A, 518, L41). Additional PACS/HIFI observations of H(2)O lines are required to constrain the kinematics of the nuclear component, as well as the distribution of H(2)O relative to the warm dust. C1 [Gonzalez-Alfonso, E.] Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Fis, Madrid 28871, Spain. [Fischer, J.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Isaak, K.; Rykala, A.] ESTEC SRE SA, Res & Sci Support Dept, ESA Astrophys Missions Div, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Savini, G.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Spaans, M.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [van der Werf, P.; Meijerink, R.; Israel, F. P.; Loenen, A. F.; Vlahakis, C.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Smith, H. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Charmandaris, V.] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 71003, Greece. [Aalto, S.] Chalmers, Onsala Space Observ, S-43992 Onsala, Sweden. [Henkel, C.; Weiss, A.] MPIfR, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Walter, F.; Greve, T. R.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Greve, T. R.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Martin-Pintado, J.] Ctr Astrobiol CSIC INTA, Madrid 28850, Spain. [Naylor, D. A.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Space Imaging Sci, Space Astron Div, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. [Spinoglio, L.] CNR, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Veilleux, S.; Harris, A. I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Armus, L.; Lord, S.; Mazzarella, J.] CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Xilouris, E. M.] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Astron & Astrophys, GR-15236 Athens, Greece. [Sanders, D. B.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Dasyra, K. M.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, CNRS, Lab AIM,CEA DSM,Irfu Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Charmandaris, V.; Wiedner, M. C.] UCP, UPMC, ENS, OP,CNRS,UMR 8112,LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. [Kramer, C.] IRAM, E-18012 Granada, Spain. [Papadopoulos, P. P.] Argelander Inst Fuer Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Stacey, G. J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Evans, A. S.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Gao, Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. RP Gonzalez-Alfonso, E (reprint author), Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Fis, Madrid 28871, Spain. EM eduardo.gonzalez@uah.es RI Charmandaris, Vassilis/A-7196-2008; Xilouris, Emmanuel/K-9459-2013; Martin-Pintado, Jesus/H-6107-2015 OI Meijerink, Rowin/0000-0001-7584-9293; Dasyra, Kalliopi/0000-0002-1482-2203; Mazzarella, Joseph/0000-0002-8204-8619; Spinoglio, Luigi/0000-0001-8840-1551; Savini, Giorgio/0000-0003-4449-9416; Charmandaris, Vassilis/0000-0002-2688-1956; Martin-Pintado, Jesus/0000-0003-4561-3508 FU DNRF FX We thank the SHINING consortium for proving us with the spectrum of the H2O 423 -> 312, E. Habart for providing us the SPIRE spectrum of the Orion Bar prior to its publication in this volume, and the SPIRE ICC FTS team for their great help in data reduction/analysis. E. G-A is a Research Associate at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. Dark Cosmology Centre is funded by DNRF. NR 22 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 518 AR L43 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014664 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 646GQ UT WOS:000281527200044 ER PT J AU Phillips, KJH Aggarwal, KM Landi, E Keenan, FP AF Phillips, K. J. H. Aggarwal, K. M. Landi, E. Keenan, F. P. TI Highly Ionized sodium X-ray line emission from the solar corona and the abundance of sodium SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE line: identification; Sun: abundances; Sun: corona; Sun: flares; Sun: X-rays, gamma rays ID ATOMIC DATABASE; SPECTRAL ATLAS; CHIANTI; IONS; ATMOSPHERE; FLARES; ARGON AB Context. The Na x X-ray lines between 10.9 and 11.2 angstrom have attracted little attention but are of interest since they enable an estimate the coronal abundance of Na to be made. This is of great interest in the continuing debate on the nature of the FIP (first ionization potential) effect. Aims. Observations of the Na x lines with the Solar Maximum Mission Flat Crystal Spectrometer and a rocket-borne X-ray spectrometer are used to measure the Na/Ne abundance ratio, i.e. the ratio of an element with very low FIP to one with high FIP. Methods. New atomic data are used to generate synthetic spectra which are compared with the observations, with temperature and the Na/Ne abundance ratio as free parameters. Results. Temperature estimates from the observations indicate that the line emission is principally from non-flaring active regions, and that the Na/Ne abundance ratio is 0.07 +/- 50%. Conclusions. The Na/Ne abundance ratio is close to a coronal value for which the abundances of low-FIP elements (FIP < 10 eV) are enhanced by a factor of 3 to 4 over those found in the photosphere. For low-temperature (T-e <= 1.5 MK) spectra, the presence of Fe XVII lines requires that either a higher-temperature component is present or a revision of ionization or recombination rates is needed. C1 [Phillips, K. J. H.] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Aggarwal, K. M.; Keenan, F. P.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Astrophys Res Ctr, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Landi, E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phillips, KJH (reprint author), UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM kjhp@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; K.Aggarwal@qub.ac.uk; enrico.landi@nrl.navy.mil; F.Keenan@qub.ac.uk RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 FU EPSRC; NASA; AWE Aldermaston FX K.M. Aggarwal acknowledges financial support from EPSRC. The work of E. Landi is supported by several NASA grants. F.P. Keenan is grateful to AWE Aldermaston for the award of a William Penney Fellowship. We are grateful to Dr Alexander Kramida for help and advice with running the adapted Cowan HFR program. Professor John Parkinson is also thanked for help and advice on his spectra, as is Dr M. F. Gu for advice on the Flexible Atomic Code used in this work. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 518 AR A41 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014454 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 695AH UT WOS:000285342500059 ER PT J AU Sturm, B Bouwman, J Henning, T Evans, NJ Acke, B Mulders, GD Waters, LBFM van Dishoeck, EF Meeus, G Green, JD Augereau, JC Olofsson, J Salyk, C Najita, J Herczeg, GJ van Kempen, TA Kristensen, LE Dominik, C Carr, JS Waelkens, C Bergin, E Blake, GA Brown, JM Chen, JH Cieza, L Dunham, MM Glassgold, A Gudel, M Harvey, PM Hogerheijde, MR Jaffe, D Jorgensen, JK Kim, HJ Knez, C Lacy, JH Lee, JE Maret, S Meijerink, R Merin, B Mundy, L Pontoppidan, KM Visser, R Yildiz, UA AF Sturm, B. Bouwman, J. Henning, Th. Evans, N. J., II Acke, B. Mulders, G. D. Waters, L. B. F. M. van Dishoeck, E. F. Meeus, G. Green, J. D. Augereau, J. C. Olofsson, J. Salyk, C. Najita, J. Herczeg, G. J. van Kempen, T. A. Kristensen, L. E. Dominik, C. Carr, J. S. Waelkens, C. Bergin, E. Blake, G. A. Brown, J. M. Chen, J. -H. Cieza, L. Dunham, M. M. Glassgold, A. Guedel, M. Harvey, P. M. Hogerheijde, M. R. Jaffe, D. Jorgensen, J. K. Kim, H. J. Knez, C. Lacy, J. H. Lee, J. -E. Maret, S. Meijerink, R. Merin, B. Mundy, L. Pontoppidan, K. M. Visser, R. Yildiz, U. A. TI First results of the Herschel key program "Dust, Ice and Gas In Time" (DIGIT): Dust and gas spectroscopy of HD 100546 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars: individual: HD 100546; infrared: general; stars: pre-main sequence; techniques: spectroscopic ID COMET HALE-BOPP; STAR HD-100546; CORONAGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; ASTRONOMICAL UNITS; INFRARED-SPECTRA; ISO-LWS; HERBIG; INNER; TEMPERATURE AB Context. We present far-infrared spectroscopic observations, taken with the Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) on the Herschel Space Observatory, of the protoplanetary disk around the pre-main-sequence star HD 100546. These observations are the first within the DIGIT Herschel key program, which aims to follow the evolution of dust, ice, and gas from young stellar objects still embedded in their parental molecular cloud core, through the final pre-main-sequence phases when the circumstellar disks are dissipated. Aims. Our aim is to improve the constraints on temperature and chemical composition of the crystalline olivines in the disk of HD 100546 and to give an inventory of the gas lines present in its far-infrared spectrum. Methods. The 69 mu m feature is analyzed in terms of position and shape to derive the dust temperature and composition. Furthermore, we detected 32 emission lines from five gaseous species and measured their line fluxes. Results. The 69 mu m emission comes either from dust grains with similar to 70 K at radii larger than 50 AU, as suggested by blackbody fitting, or it arises from similar to 200K dust at similar to 13AU, close to the midplane, as supported by radiative transfer models. We also conclude that the forsterite crystals have few defects and contain at most a few percent iron by mass. Forbidden line emission from [C II] at 157 mu m and [OI] at 63 and 145 mu m, most likely due to photodissociation by stellar photons, is detected. Furthermore, five H(2)O and several OH lines are detected. We also found high-J rotational transition lines of CO, with rotational temperatures of similar to 300K for the transitions up to J = 22-21 and T similar to 800 K for higher transitions. C1 [Sturm, B.; Bouwman, J.; Henning, Th.; Olofsson, J.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Evans, N. J., II; Green, J. D.; Salyk, C.; Chen, J. -H.; Dunham, M. M.; Harvey, P. M.; Jaffe, D.; Kim, H. J.; Lacy, J. H.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Mulders, G. D.; Waters, L. B. F. M.; Dominik, C.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. [van Dishoeck, E. F.; Kristensen, L. E.; Hogerheijde, M. R.; Meijerink, R.; Visser, R.; Yildiz, U. A.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Meeus, G.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Dpt Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [van Dishoeck, E. F.; Herczeg, G. J.; Brown, J. M.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Garching, Germany. [van Kempen, T. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Merin, B.] European Space Astron Ctr ESA, Herschel Sci Ctr, Villanueva De La Canada 28691, Madrid, Spain. [Augereau, J. C.; Maret, S.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Grenoble, UMR5571, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. [Acke, B.; Waters, L. B. F. M.; Waelkens, C.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Sterrenkunde, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Lee, J. -E.] Sejong Univ, Astrophys Res Ctr Struct & Evolut Cosmos, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Blake, G. A.; Pontoppidan, K. M.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Carr, J. S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Najita, J.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Knez, C.; Mundy, L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cieza, L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bergin, E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Glassgold, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Guedel, M.] Univ Vienna, Dept Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Mulders, G. D.] Univ Groningen, SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Dominik, C.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys IMAPP, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Jorgensen, J. K.] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr Star & Planet Format, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. RP Sturm, B (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. EM sturm@mpia-hd.mpg.de RI Yildiz, Umut/C-5257-2011; Kristensen, Lars/F-4774-2011; Visser, Ruud/J-8574-2012; Lee , Jeong-Eun/E-2387-2013; Jorgensen, Jes Kristian/L-7936-2014; Guedel, Manuel/C-8486-2015; OI Yildiz, Umut/0000-0001-6197-2864; Kristensen, Lars/0000-0003-1159-3721; Jorgensen, Jes Kristian/0000-0001-9133-8047; Guedel, Manuel/0000-0001-9818-0588; Merin, Bruno/0000-0002-8555-3012; Maret, Sebastien/0000-0003-1104-4554 FU NASA; [AYA 2008-01727] FX Support for this work, part of the Herschel open time key program, was provided by NASA through an award issued by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. G. Meeus is partly supported by Spanish grant AYA 2008-01727. The authors thank the referee C. Grady for helpful comments that improved the paper. NR 26 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 518 AR L129 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014674 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 646GQ UT WOS:000281527200130 ER PT J AU Sturm, E Verma, A Gracia-Carpio, J Hailey-Dunsheath, S Contursi, A Fischer, J Gonzalez-Alfonso, E Poglitsch, A Sternberg, A Genzel, R Lutz, D Tacconi, L Christopher, N de Jong, J AF Sturm, E. Verma, A. Gracia-Carpio, J. Hailey-Dunsheath, S. Contursi, A. Fischer, J. Gonzalez-Alfonso, E. Poglitsch, A. Sternberg, A. Genzel, R. Lutz, D. Tacconi, L. Christopher, N. de Jong, J. TI Herschel-PACS spectroscopy of IR-bright galaxies at high redshift SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM: general; galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: evolution ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; STARBURST GALAXY; FSC 10214+4724; MU-M; EMISSION; UNIVERSE; Z=1.3; SPECTRUM; QUASAR AB We present Herschel-PACS observations of rest-frame mid-infrared and far-infrared spectral line emissions from two lensed, ultra-luminous infrared galaxies at high redshift: MIPS J142824.0+352619 (MIPS J1428), a starburst-dominated system at z = 1.3, and IRAS F10214+4724 (F10214), a source at z = 2.3 hosting both star-formation and a luminous AGN. We have detected [OI] 63 mu m and [OIII] 52 mu m in MIPS J1428, and tentatively [O III] 52 mu m in F10214. Together with the recent ZEUS-CSO [CII] 158 mu m detection in MIPS J1428 we can for the first time combine [OI], [CII] and far-IR (FIR) continuum measurements for PDR modeling of an ultra-luminous (L(IR) >= 10(12) L(circle dot)) star forming galaxy at the peak epoch of cosmic star formation. We find that MIPS J1428, contrary to average local ULIRGs, does not show a deficit in [OI] relative to FIR. The combination of far-UV flux G(0) and gas density n (derived from the PDR models), as well as the star formation efficiency (derived from CO and FIR) is similar to normal or starburst galaxies, despite the high infrared luminosity of this system. In contrast, F10214 has stringent upper limits on [OIV] and [S III], and an [O III]/FIR ratio at least an order of magnitude lower than local starbursts or AGN, similar to local ULIRGs. C1 [Sturm, E.; Gracia-Carpio, J.; Hailey-Dunsheath, S.; Contursi, A.; Poglitsch, A.; Genzel, R.; Lutz, D.; Tacconi, L.; de Jong, J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Verma, A.; Christopher, N.] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Fischer, J.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gonzalez-Alfonso, E.] Univ Alcala de Henares, Madrid 28871, Spain. [Sternberg, A.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Sturm, E (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM sturm@mpe.mpg.de FU BMVIT (Austria); ESA-PRODEX (Belgium); CEA/CNES (France); DLR (Germany; ASI/INAF (Italy); CICYT/MCYT (Spain) FX PACS has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by MPE (Germany) and including UVIE (Austria); KU Leuven, CSL, IMEC (Belgium); CEA, LAM (France); MPIA (Germany); INAF-IFSI/OAA/OAP/OAT, LENS, SISSA (Italy); IAC (Spain). This development has been supported by the funding agencies BMVIT (Austria), ESA-PRODEX (Belgium), CEA/CNES (France), DLR (Germany), ASI/INAF (Italy), and CICYT/MCYT (Spain). NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 518 AR L36 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014560 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 646GQ UT WOS:000281527200037 ER PT J AU Tripathi, D Mason, HE Del Zanna, G Young, PR AF Tripathi, D. Mason, H. E. Del Zanna, G. Young, P. R. TI Active region moss Basic physical parameters and their temporal variation SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun: atmosphere; Sun: activity; Sun: corona; Sun: UV radiation; Sun: transition region; Sun: magnetic topology ID EUV IMAGING SPECTROMETER; X-RAY-TELESCOPE; TRANSITION REGION; SPECTROSCOPIC DIAGNOSTICS; CORONAL EXPLORER; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; SOLAR CORONA; FE-XII; HINODE AB Context. Active region moss are transition region phenomena, first noted in the images recorded by the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) in lambda 171. Moss regions are thought to be the footpoints of hot loops (3-5 MK) seen in the core of active regions. These hot loops appear "fuzzy" (unresolved). Therefore, it is difficult to study the physical plasma parameters in individual hot core loops and hence their heating mechanisms. Moss regions provide an excellent opportunity to study the physics of hot loops. In addition, they allow us to study the transition region dynamics in the footpoint regions. Aims. To derive the physical plasma parameters such as temperature, electron density, and filling factors in moss regions and to study their variation over a short (an hour) and a long time period (5 consecutive days). Methods. Primarily, we have analyzed spectroscopic observations recorded by the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) aboard Hinode. In addition we have used supplementary observations taken from TRACE and the X-Ray Telescope (XRT) aboard Hinode. Results. The moss emission is strongest in the Fe XII and Fe XIII lines. Based on analyses using line ratios and emission measure we found that moss regions have a characteristic temperature of log T[K] = 6.2. The temperature structure in moss region remains almost identical from one region to another and it does not change with time. The electron densities measured at different locations in the moss regions using Fe XII ratios are about 1-3x10(10) cm(-3) and about 2-4x10(9) cm(-3) using Fe XIII and Fe XIV The densities in the moss regions are similar in different places and show very little variation over short and long time scales. The derived electron density substantially increased (by a factor of about 3-4 or even more in some cases) when a background subtraction was performed. The filling factor of the moss plasma can vary between 0.1-1 and the path length along which the emission originates is from a few 100 to a few 1000 kms long. By combining the observations recorded by TRACE, EIS and XRT, we find that the moss regions correspond to the footpoints of both hot and warm loops. C1 [Tripathi, D.; Mason, H. E.; Del Zanna, G.] Univ Cambridge, DAMTP, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. [Young, P. R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Young, P. R.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Tripathi, D (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, DAMTP, Wilberforce Rd, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. EM D.Tripathi@damtp.cam.ac.uk RI Tripathi, Durgesh/D-9390-2012 OI Tripathi, Durgesh/0000-0003-1689-6254 FU STFC; Hinode/EIS team FX We thank the referee for the constructive and thoughtful comments. D. T., H. E. M. and G.D.Z. acknowledge the support from STFC. We thank Brendan O'Dwyer for various discussions. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, collaborating with NAOJ as a domestic partner, NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. Scientific operation of the Hinode mission is conducted by the Hinode science team organized at ISAS/JAXA. This team mainly consists of scientists from institutes in the partner countries. Support for the post-launch operation is provided by JAXA and NAOJ (Japan), STFC (UK), NASA (ESA), and NSC (Norway). The help and support of the Hinode/EIS team in particular is acknowledged. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 518 AR A42 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200913883 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 695AH UT WOS:000285342500021 ER PT J AU van der Werf, PP Isaak, KG Meijerink, R Spaans, M Rykala, A Fulton, T Loenen, AF Walter, F Weiss, A Armus, L Fischer, J Israel, FP Harris, AI Veilleux, S Henkel, C Savini, G Lord, S Smith, HA Gonzalez-Alfonso, E Naylor, D Aalto, S Charmandaris, V Dasyra, KM Evans, A Gao, Y Greve, TR Gusten, R Kramer, C Martin-Pintado, J Mazzarella, J Papadopoulos, PP Sanders, DB Spinoglio, L Stacey, G Vlahakis, C Wiedner, MC Xilouris, EM AF van der Werf, P. P. Isaak, K. G. Meijerink, R. Spaans, M. Rykala, A. Fulton, T. Loenen, A. F. Walter, F. Weiss, A. Armus, L. Fischer, J. Israel, F. P. Harris, A. I. Veilleux, S. Henkel, C. Savini, G. Lord, S. Smith, H. A. Gonzalez-Alfonso, E. Naylor, D. Aalto, S. Charmandaris, V. Dasyra, K. M. Evans, A. Gao, Y. Greve, T. R. Guesten, R. Kramer, C. Martin-Pintado, J. Mazzarella, J. Papadopoulos, P. P. Sanders, D. B. Spinoglio, L. Stacey, G. Vlahakis, C. Wiedner, M. C. Xilouris, E. M. TI Black hole accretion and star formation as drivers of gas excitation and chemistry in Markarian 231 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual: Mrk 231; galaxies: active; galaxies: ISM; galaxies: nuclei; galaxies: starburst; infrared: galaxies ID GALAXY NUCLEI; DENSE GAS; DIAGNOSTICS; EMISSION; LINES; CO AB We present a full high resolution SPIRE FTS spectrum of the nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxy Mrk 231. In total 25 lines are detected, including CO J = 5-4 through J = 13-12, 7 rotational lines of H(2)O, 3 of OH(+) and one line each of H(2)O(+), CH(+), and HF. We find that the excitation of the CO rotational levels up to J = 8 can be accounted for by UV radiation from star formation. However, the approximately flat luminosity distribution of the CO lines over the rotational ladder above J = 8 requires the presence of a separate source of excitation for the highest CO lines. We explore X-ray heating by the accreting supermassive black hole in Mrk 231 as a source of excitation for these lines, and find that it can reproduce the observed luminosities. We also consider a model with dense gas in a strong UV radiation field to produce the highest CO lines, but find that this model strongly overpredicts the hot dust mass in Mrk 231. Our favoured model consists of a star forming disk of radius 560 pc, containing clumps of dense gas exposed to strong UV radiation, dominating the emission of CO lines up to J = 8. X-rays from the accreting supermassive black hole in Mrk 231 dominate the excitation and chemistry of the inner disk out to a radius of 160 pc, consistent with the X-ray power of the AGN in Mrk 231. The extraordinary luminosity of the OH(+) and H(2)O(+) lines reveals the signature of X-ray driven excitation and chemistry in this region. C1 [van der Werf, P. P.; Meijerink, R.; Loenen, A. F.; Israel, F. P.; Vlahakis, C.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Isaak, K. G.; Rykala, A.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Isaak, K. G.] Estec, ESA Astrophys Missions Div, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Spaans, M.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Fulton, T.] Blue Sky Spect, Lethbridge, AB, Canada. [Walter, F.; Greve, T. R.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Weiss, A.; Henkel, C.; Guesten, R.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Armus, L.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Fischer, J.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Harris, A. I.; Veilleux, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Savini, G.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Lord, S.; Mazzarella, J.] CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Smith, H. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gonzalez-Alfonso, E.] Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Fis, Madrid 28871, Spain. [Naylor, D.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Phys, Lethbridge, AB T1J 1B1, Canada. [Aalto, S.] Chalmers, Onsala Observ, Dept Radio & Space Sci, S-43992 Onsala, Sweden. [Charmandaris, V.] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 71003, Greece. [Dasyra, K. M.] CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Evans, A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Evans, A.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Gao, Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Greve, T. R.] Univ Copenhagen, Dark Cosmol Ctr, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Kramer, C.] IRAM, E-18012 Granada, Spain. [Martin-Pintado, J.] CSIC, Dept Astrofis Mol & Infrarroja, Inst Estruct Mat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Papadopoulos, P. P.] Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Sanders, D. B.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Spinoglio, L.] CNR, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Stacey, G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wiedner, M. C.] LERMA, Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Xilouris, E. M.] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Athens 15236, Greece. RP van der Werf, PP (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM pvdwerf@strw.leidenuniv.nl RI Charmandaris, Vassilis/A-7196-2008; Xilouris, Emmanuel/K-9459-2013; Martin-Pintado, Jesus/H-6107-2015; OI Charmandaris, Vassilis/0000-0002-2688-1956; Martin-Pintado, Jesus/0000-0003-4561-3508; Meijerink, Rowin/0000-0001-7584-9293; Dasyra, Kalliopi/0000-0002-1482-2203; Mazzarella, Joseph/0000-0002-8204-8619; Spinoglio, Luigi/0000-0001-8840-1551; Savini, Giorgio/0000-0003-4449-9416 FU DNRF; CSA in Canada; NAOC in China; CNES; CNRS; CEA in France; ASI in Italy; MEC in Spain; Stockholm Observatory in Sweden; STFC in the UK; NASA in the USA; ESA FX We thank Ewine van Dishoeck, Xander Tielens, and Thomas Nikola for useful discussions. We especially thank Ed Polehampton, Peter Imhof-Davies and Bruce Swinyard for their help with the FTS data processing. JF thanks MPE for its hospitality. The Dark Cosmology Centre is funded by the DNRF. The following institutes have provided hardware and software elements to the SPIRE project: University of Lethbridge, Canada; NAOC, Beijing, China; CEA Saclay, CEA Grenoble and LAM in France; IFSI, Rome, and University of Padua, Italy; IAC, Tenerife, Spain; Stockholm Observatory, Sweden; Cardiff University, Imperial College London, UCL-MSSL, STFC-RAL, UK ATC Edinburgh, and the University of Sussex in the UK. Funding for SPIRE has been provided by the national agencies of the participating countries and by internal institute funding: CSA in Canada; NAOC in China; CNES, CNRS, and CEA in France; ASI in Italy; MEC in Spain; Stockholm Observatory in Sweden; STFC in the UK; and NASA in the USA. Additional funding support for some instrument activities has been provided by ESA. NR 21 TC 152 Z9 152 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 518 AR L42 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014682 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 646GQ UT WOS:000281527200043 ER PT J AU van Kempen, TA Green, JD Evans, NJ van Dishoeck, EF Kristensen, LE Herczeg, GJ Merin, B Lee, JE Jorgensen, JK Bouwman, J Acke, B Adamkovics, M Augereau, JC Bergin, E Blake, GA Brown, JM Carr, JS Chen, JH Cieza, L Dominik, C Dullemond, CP Dunham, MM Glassgold, A Gudel, M Harvey, PM Henning, T Hogerheijde, MR Jaffe, D Kim, HJ Knez, C Lacy, JH Maret, S Meeus, G Meijerink, R Mulders, GD Mundy, L Najita, J Olofsson, J Pontoppidan, KM Salyk, C Sturm, B Visser, R Waters, LBFM Waelkens, C Yildiz, UA AF van Kempen, T. A. Green, J. D. Evans, N. J., II van Dishoeck, E. F. Kristensen, L. E. Herczeg, G. J. Merin, B. Lee, J. -E. Jorgensen, J. K. Bouwman, J. Acke, B. Adamkovics, M. Augereau, J. C. Bergin, E. Blake, G. A. Brown, J. M. Carr, J. S. Chen, J. -H. Cieza, L. Dominik, C. Dullemond, C. P. Dunham, M. M. Glassgold, A. Guedel, M. Harvey, P. M. Henning, Th. Hogerheijde, M. R. Jaffe, D. Kim, H. J. Knez, C. Lacy, J. H. Maret, S. Meeus, G. Meijerink, R. Mulders, G. D. Mundy, L. Najita, J. Olofsson, J. Pontoppidan, K. M. Salyk, C. Sturm, B. Visser, R. Waters, L. B. F. M. Waelkens, C. Yildiz, U. A. TI Dust, Ice, and Gas In Time (DIGIT) Herschel program first results A full PACS-SED scan of the gas line emission in protostar DK Chamaeleontis SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; circumstellar matter; stars: formation; stars: protostars; infrared: ISM; submillimeter: ISM ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; SPITZER C2D SURVEY; ISO-LWS OBSERVATIONS; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; HERBIG AE; POPULATION; NEARBY; STAR; SPECTROSCOPY; OUTFLOW AB Aims. We aim to study the composition and energetics of the circumstellar material of DK Cha, an intermediate-mass star in transition from an embedded configuration to a star plus disk stage, during this pivotal stage of its evolution. Methods. Using the range scan mode of PACS on the Herschel Space Observatory, we obtained a spectrum of DK Cha from 55 to 210 mu m as part of the DIGIT key program. Results. Almost 50 molecular and atomic lines were detected, many more than the 7 lines detected in ISO-LWS. Nearly the entire ladder of CO from J = 14-13 to 38-37 (E(u)/k = 4080 K), water from levels as excited as J(K-1K+1) = 7(07) (E(u)/k = 843 K), and OH lines up to E(u)/k = 290 K were detected. Conclusions. The continuum emission in our PACS SED scan matches the flux expected by a model consisting of a star, a surrounding disk of 0.03 M(circle dot), and an envelope of a similar mass, supporting the suggestion that the object is emerging from its main accretion stage. Molecular, atomic, and ionic emission lines in the far-infrared reveal the outflow's influence on the envelope. The inferred hot gas may be photon-heated, but some emission may be caused by C-shocks in the walls of the outflow cavity. C1 [van Kempen, T. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Green, J. D.; Evans, N. J., II; Chen, J. -H.; Dunham, M. M.; Harvey, P. M.; Jaffe, D.; Kim, H. J.; Lacy, J. H.; Salyk, C.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [van Dishoeck, E. F.; Kristensen, L. E.; Hogerheijde, M. R.; Meijerink, R.; Visser, R.; Yildiz, U. A.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [van Dishoeck, E. F.; Herczeg, G. J.; Brown, J. M.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Garching, Germany. [Merin, B.] European Space Astron Ctr ESA, Herschel Sci Ctr, Villanueva De La Canada 28691, Madrid, Spain. [Lee, J. -E.] Sejong Univ, Astrophys Res Ctr Struct & Evolut Cosmos, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Jorgensen, J. K.] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr Star & Planet Format, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Bouwman, J.; Dullemond, C. P.; Henning, Th.; Olofsson, J.; Sturm, B.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Acke, B.; Waters, L. B. F. M.; Waelkens, C.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Sterrenkunde, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Adamkovics, M.; Glassgold, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Augereau, J. C.; Maret, S.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Grenoble, UMR5571, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. [Bergin, E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Blake, G. A.; Pontoppidan, K. M.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Carr, J. S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cieza, L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Dominik, C.; Mulders, G. D.; Waters, L. B. F. M.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Dominik, C.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys IMAPP, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Dullemond, C. P.] Univ Heidelberg, Inst Theoret Astrophys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Guedel, M.] Univ Vienna, Dept Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Knez, C.; Mundy, L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Meeus, G.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Dpt Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Mulders, G. D.] Univ Groningen, SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Najita, J.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Acke, B.] Fund Sci Res, Flanders, Belgium. RP van Kempen, TA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 78, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM tvankempen@cfa.harvard.edu RI Visser, Ruud/J-8574-2012; Lee , Jeong-Eun/E-2387-2013; Jorgensen, Jes Kristian/L-7936-2014; Guedel, Manuel/C-8486-2015; Yildiz, Umut/C-5257-2011; Kristensen, Lars/F-4774-2011 OI Jorgensen, Jes Kristian/0000-0001-9133-8047; Guedel, Manuel/0000-0001-9818-0588; Merin, Bruno/0000-0002-8555-3012; Yildiz, Umut/0000-0001-6197-2864; Maret, Sebastien/0000-0003-1104-4554; Kristensen, Lars/0000-0003-1159-3721 FU NASA FX Support for this work, part of the Herschel Open Time Key Project Program, was provided by NASA through an award issued by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. The authors would like to thank Bart VandenBussche and Alessandra Contursi for help with the data reduction, and David Ardila for his help in scheduling the observations prior to the ESAC SDP workshop. NR 26 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 518 AR L128 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014686 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 646GQ UT WOS:000281527200129 ER PT J AU Koubsky, P Hummel, CA Harmanec, P Tycner, C van Leeuwen, F Yang, S Slechta, M Bozic, H Zavala, RT Ruzdjak, D Sudar, D AF Koubsky, P. Hummel, C. A. Harmanec, P. Tycner, C. van Leeuwen, F. Yang, S. Slechta, M. Bozic, H. Zavala, R. T. Ruzdjak, D. Sudar, D. TI Properties and nature of Be stars 28. Implications of systematic observations for the nature of the multiple system with the Be star o Cassiwopeae and its circumstellar environment SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE binaries: close; binaries: spectroscopic; stars: emission-line, Be; stars: fundamental parameters; stars: individual: o Cas ID PROTOTYPE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER; RADIAL-VELOCITIES; UBV PHOTOMETRY; BRIGHT; REDUCTION; NORTHERN; VARIABILITY; MAGNITUDES; PARAMETERS; ENVELOPES AB The analysis of radial velocities of the Be star o Cas from spectra taken between 1992 and 2008 at the Ondrejov Observatory and the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory allowed us to reconfirm the binary nature of this object, first suggested by Abt and Levy in 1978, but later refuted by several authors. The orbital parameters of this SB1 system imply a very high mass function of about one solar mass. This in turn leads to a very high mass of the secondary, possibly higher than that of the primary. In order to look for such a massive secondary, o Cas was observed with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer, which allowed the binary components to be spatially resolved for the first time. The interferometric observations lead to the detection of a secondary, about 3 mag fainter than the primary. The possible properties of this peculiar binary system and the reasons why the massive secondary does not dominate the optical spectrum are discussed. C1 [Koubsky, P.; Slechta, M.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Astron, CS-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. [Hummel, C. A.] European Org Astron Res So Hemisphere, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Harmanec, P.] Charles Univ Prague, Astron Inst, Fac Math & Phys, CR-18000 Prague 8, Troja, Czech Republic. [Tycner, C.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [van Leeuwen, F.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Yang, S.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Bozic, H.; Ruzdjak, D.; Sudar, D.] Univ Zagreb, Fac Geodesy, Hvar Observ, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. [Zavala, R. T.] USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Koubsky, P (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Astron, CS-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. EM koubsky@sunstel.asu.cas.cz RI van Leeuwen, Floor/D-4586-2011; Zavala, Robert/D-7821-2011; Koubsky, Pavel/G-9031-2014; Slechta, Miroslav/G-9048-2014 OI Zavala, Robert/0000-0002-9402-2870; FU Czech Science Foundation [205/03/0788, 205/06/0304, 205/08/H005, P209/10/0715, AV0Z10030501] FX We acknowledge the use of the latest publicly available version of program FOTEL written by Dr. Petr Hadrava. We also gratefully acknowledge the use of several spectra of o Cas made available in the Be Star Spectra (BeSS) database maintained at the Paris-Meudon Observatory and a few additional publicly available spectra secured by Mr. C. Buil at his private observatory. Dr. H. F. Haupt kindly provided PH with two individual UBV observations of o Cas. Our thanks are also due to Drs. P. Hadrava, M. Wolf, P. Skoda, S. Stefl, V. Votruba and Ms. A. Budovi. cov~ and Mr. P. Chadima who obtained several spectra and UBV observations used in this study. The authors would also like to thank Jim Benson and the NPOI observational support staff whose efforts made this project possible. This research was supported by the grants 205/03/0788, 205/06/0304, 205/08/H005 and P209/10/0715 of the Czech Science Foundation, from the research project AV0Z10030501 of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and from the Research Program MSM0021620860 Physical study of objects and processes in the solar system and in astrophysics of the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic. The research of P. K. was supported from the ESA PECS grant 98058. C. T. acknowledges, with thanks, grant support from Research Corporation for Science Advancement and the Central Michigan University. The Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer is a joint project of the Naval Research Laboratory and the US Naval Observatory, in cooperation with Lowell Observatory, and is funded by the Office of Naval Research and the Oceanographer of the Navy. We acknowledge the use of the electronic database from CDS Strasbourg and electronic bibliography maintained by the NASA/ADS system. We are very grateful to an anonymous referee for a prompt and encouraging report, with useful comments and suggestions which helped to improve the manuscript. NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 517 AR A24 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014477 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 638WR UT WOS:000280929400034 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ajello, M Allafort, A Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Blandford, RD Blasi, P Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Brandt, TJ Bregeon, J Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Colafrancesco, S Cominsky, LR Conrad, J Dermer, CD de Palma, F Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Edmonds, Y Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hays, E Horan, D Hughes, RE Jeltema, TE Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lee, SH Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Naumann-Godo, M Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paneque, D Panetta, JH Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Petrosian, V Pfrommer, C Piron, F Porter, TA Profumo, S Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ripken, J Ritz, S Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Sadrozinski, HFW Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Starck, JL Stawarz, L Strickman, MS Strong, AW Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Tibaldo, L Tibolla, O Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Yang, Z Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Allafort, A. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Blandford, R. D. Blasi, P. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Brandt, T. J. Bregeon, J. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Colafrancesco, S. Cominsky, L. R. Conrad, J. Dermer, C. D. de Palma, F. Silva, E. do Couto e Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Edmonds, Y. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Jeltema, T. E. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lee, S. -H. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Naumann-Godo, M. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Petrosian, V. Pfrommer, C. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Profumo, S. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ripken, J. Ritz, S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Starck, J. -L. Stawarz, L. Strickman, M. S. Strong, A. W. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Tibaldo, L. Tibolla, O. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Yang, Z. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI GeV GAMMA-RAY FLUX UPPER LIMITS FROM CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; galaxies: clusters: general; gamma rays: galaxies: clusters; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; DIFFUSE RADIO-EMISSION; X-RAY; COMA CLUSTER; COSMIC-RAYS; SKY SURVEY; NONTHERMAL EMISSION; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; RELIC CANDIDATES; DARK-MATTER AB The detection of diffuse radio emission associated with clusters of galaxies indicates populations of relativistic leptons infusing the intracluster medium (ICM). Those electrons and positrons are either injected into and accelerated directly in the ICM, or produced as secondary pairs by cosmic-ray ions scattering on ambient protons. Radiation mechanisms involving the energetic leptons together with the decay of neutral pions produced by hadronic interactions have the potential to produce abundant GeV photons. Here, we report on the search for GeV emission from clusters of galaxies using data collected by the Large Area Telescope on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope from 2008 August to 2010 February. Thirty-three galaxy clusters have been selected according to their proximity and high mass, X-ray flux and temperature, and indications of non-thermal activity for this study. We report upper limits on the photon flux in the range 0.2-100 GeV toward a sample of observed clusters (typical values (1-5) x 10(-9) photon cm(-2) s(-1)) considering both point-like and spatially resolved models for the high-energy emission and discuss how these results constrain the characteristics of energetic leptons and hadrons, and magnetic fields in the ICM. The volume-averaged relativistic-hadron-to-thermal energy density ratio is found to be <5%-10% in several clusters. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Silva, E. do Couto e; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Edmonds, Y.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Petrosian, V.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Silva, E. do Couto e; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Edmonds, Y.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Petrosian, V.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Naumann-Godo, M.; Starck, J. -L.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA IFRU, CNRS,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Carrigan, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Blasi, P.] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brandt, T. J.; Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, UPS, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Brandt, T. J.; Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astro Particle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] IEEC CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF, Ist Astrofis Spaziale Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Colafrancesco, S.; Gasparrini, D.] ASI, Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Celik, Oe; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Johnson, T. J.; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, CNRS, IN2P3, Montpellier, France. [Cominsky, L. R.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Conrad, J.; Ripken, J.; Yang, Z.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Ripken, J.; Yang, Z.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Reposeur, T.] CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Reposeur, T.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Coll Udine, Udine, Italy. [Frailis, M.] Osserv Astron Trieste, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Giroletti, M.] INAF, Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Jeltema, T. E.; Profumo, S.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Jeltema, T. E.; Profumo, S.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Johnson, T. J.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Johnson, T. J.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Orlando, E.; Strong, A. W.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ozaki, M.; Stawarz, L.; Takahashi, T.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Pfrommer, C.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Stawarz, L.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tibolla, O.] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM bechtol@stanford.edu; blasi@arcetri.astro.it; funk@slac.stanford.edu; olaf.reimer@uibk.ac.at RI Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Blasi, Pasquale/O-9345-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Starck, Jean-Luc/D-9467-2011; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012 OI Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Blasi, Pasquale/0000-0003-2480-599X; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Starck, Jean-Luc/0000-0003-2177-7794; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP) FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden.; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow, funded by a grant from the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation.; Partially supported by the International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP) program. NR 51 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 717 IS 1 BP L71 EP L78 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/717/1/L71 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 619LB UT WOS:000279430600015 ER PT J AU Hodges-Kluck, EJ Reynolds, CS Miller, MC Cheung, CC AF Hodges-Kluck, Edmund J. Reynolds, Christopher S. Miller, M. Coleman Cheung, Chi C. TI A DEEP CHANDRA OBSERVATION OF THE X-SHAPED RADIO GALAXY 4C+00.58: A CANDIDATE FOR MERGER-INDUCED REORIENTATION? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: individual (4C+00.58) ID VORONOI TESSELLATIONS; DATA RELEASE; BLACK-HOLES; VIEW; II. AB Although rapid reorientation of a black hole spin axis ( lasting less than a few megayears) has been suggested as a mechanism for the formation of wings in X-shaped radio galaxies (XRGs), to date no convincing case of reorientation has been found in any XRG. Alternative wing formation models such as the hydrodynamic backflow models are supported by observed trends indicating that XRGs form preferentially with jets aligned along the major axis of the surrounding medium and wings along the minor axis. In this Letter, we present a deep Chandra observation of 4C +00.58, an odd XRG with its jet oriented along the minor axis. By using the X-ray data in tandem with available radio and optical data, we estimate relevant timescales with which to evaluate wing formation models. The hydrodynamic models have difficulty explaining the long wings, whereas the presence of X-ray cavities (suggesting jet activity along a prior axis) and a potential stellar shell ( indicating a recent merger) favor a merger-induced reorientation model. C1 [Hodges-Kluck, Edmund J.; Reynolds, Christopher S.; Miller, M. Coleman] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cheung, Chi C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hodges-Kluck, EJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ehodges@astro.umd.edu FU Chandra Guest Observer program [GO90111X, GO89109X] FX We thank the referee for helpful suggestions and clarification. E.J.H.-K. and C.S.R. thank the support of the Chandra Guest Observer program grants GO90111X and GO89109X. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 717 IS 1 BP L37 EP L41 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/717/1/L37 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 619LB UT WOS:000279430600008 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Elsberry, RL AF Wang, Zhuo Elsberry, Russell L. TI Modulation of the African easterly jet by a mesoscale convective system SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE African easterly jet; mesoscale convective system; mesoscale numerical stimulation ID WAVE DISTURBANCES; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; ATLANTIC HURRICANES; PHASE-III; RAINFALL; MONSOON; SUMMER; ERA-40; GATE AB The modulation of the African easterly jet (AEJ) by a mesoscale convective system (MCS) is examined in a numerical simulation. An AEJ with a strong and confined core is simulated before the formation of the MCS north of the AEJ axis, and the jet is 'split' with two separate cores after the passage of the MCS. Our diagnosis suggests that the MCS may be triggered by a wave propagating south of the AEJ axis. A momentum budget analysis indicates that the meridional circulation associated with the MCS weakens the jet to its south and forms the secondary jet to its north. Copyright (C) 2010 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Wang, Zhuo] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Elsberry, Russell L.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wang, Z (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM zhuowang@illinois.edu FU Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology section FX This study was supported by the Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology section. Computing resources were provided by the Arctic High Performance Computing Center. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 11 IS 3 BP 169 EP 174 DI 10.1002/asl.262 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 678BQ UT WOS:000284043600002 ER PT J AU Temme, LA Still, DL Acromite, MT AF Temme, Leonard A. Still, David L. Acromite, Michael T. TI Hypoxia and Flight Performance of Military Instructor Pilots in a Flight Simulator SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hypoxia; flight performance; aviation; simulation; instrument flight; reduced oxygen breathing device; ROBD AB TEMME LA, STILL DL, ACROMITE MT. Hypoxia and flight performance of military instructor pilots in a flight simulator. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2010; 81:7:654-9. Introduction: Military aircrew and other operational personnel frequently perform their duties at altitudes posing a significant hypoxia risk, often with limited access to supplemental oxygen. Despite the significant risk hypoxia poses, there are few studies relating it to primary flight performance, which is the purpose of the present study. Methods: Objective, quantitative measures of aircraft control were collected from 14 experienced, active duty instructor pilot volunteers as they breathed an air/nitrogen mix that provided an oxygen partial pressure equivalent to the atmosphere at 18,000 ft (5486.4 m) above mean sea level. The flight task required holding a constant airspeed, altitude, and heading at an airspeed significantly slower than the aircraft's minimum drag speed. The simulated aircraft's inherent instability at the target speed challenged the pilot to maintain constant control of the aircraft in order to minimize deviations from the assigned flight parameters. Results: Each pilot's flight performance was evaluated by measuring all deviations from assigned target values. Hypoxia degraded the pilot's precision of altitude and airspeed control by 53%, a statistically significant decrease in flight performance. The effect on heading control effects was not statistically significant. There was no evidence of performance differences when breathing room air pre- and post-hypoxia. Discussion: Moderate levels of hypoxia degraded the ability of military instructor pilots to perform a precision slow flight task. This is one of a small number of studies to quantify an effect of hypoxia on primary flight performance. C1 [Temme, Leonard A.; Still, David L.] USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. [Acromite, Michael T.] USN, Aerosp Med Inst, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Temme, LA (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, POB 620577, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. EM Leonard.temme@us.army.mil FU Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory (NAMRL) [FY02-03] FX The authors are grateful to the Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory (NAMRL) for supporting this research through the Annual Navy Medical In-House Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) Program (FY02-03) under the project: "Flight Performance With A Human-Centered Computing Cockpit Display System, OZ, Under Hypoxic Conditions." NR 15 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 81 IS 7 BP 654 EP 659 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2690.2010 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 616CZ UT WOS:000279187200005 PM 20597244 ER PT J AU O'Connor, P Cowan, S Alton, J AF O'Connor, Paul Cowan, Shawn Alton, Jeffrey TI A Comparison of Leading and Lagging Indicators of Safety in Naval Aviation SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE human factors; accidents; safety; leading indicators; lagging indicators; mishap investigation ID ACCIDENTS; CLIMATE; HFACS; ERROR AB O'CONNOR P, COWAN S. ALTON J. A comparison of leading and lagging indicators of safety in naval aviation. Aviat Space Environ Med 2010; 81:677-82. Background: The purpose of this paper is to examine the results of two different methods of identifying human factors safety concerns in U.S. Naval aviation. In both studies, the information was collected using the Department of Defense Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (DoD-HFACS). Methods: In the first study, aviation mishap data (a lagging indictor) was obtained on 47 F/A-18 and 16 H-60 mishaps. In the second study, the responses of 68 squadrons to a survey regarding the human factors issues that they considered to be of the greatest safety concern were examined (a leading indicator). Results: First study results revealed that skill-based errors were the most commonly cited factors for both F/A-18 and H-60 mishaps (70.2% and 81.3%, respectively). More specifically, the most commonly used nanocodes were 'over control/under control' (27.7% and 56.3%, respectively), 'breakdown in visual scan' (27.7% and 12.5%, respectively), and 'procedural errors' (23.4% and 37.6%, respectively). The second study identified that the main concern of F/A-18 and H-60 aviators was workload and operational tempo (identified by 85% of squadrons). Discussion: It can be concluded that the nanocodes that were most commonly used to classify the causes of past mishaps were not identified as major concerns by the squadrons who responded to the survey. The findings from these studies emphasize the importance of examining a number of performance metrics to ensure that effective measures are being taken to improve safety. C1 [O'Connor, Paul] USN, Dept Operat Res, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Alton, Jeffrey] USN, Safety Ctr, Norfolk, VA USA. RP O'Connor, P (reprint author), USN, Dept Operat Res, Postgrad Sch, 1411 Cunningham Rd,GL-231, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM poc73@hotmail.com RI OConnor, Paul/H-1221-2011 OI OConnor, Paul/0000-0001-9036-098X NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 81 IS 7 BP 677 EP 682 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2734.2010 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 616CZ UT WOS:000279187200009 PM 20597248 ER PT J AU Dennis, AM Sotto, DC Mei, BC Medintz, IL Mattoussi, H Bao, G AF Dennis, Allison M. Sotto, David C. Mei, Bing C. Medintz, Igor L. Mattoussi, Hedi Bao, Gang TI Surface Ligand Effects on Metal-Affinity Coordination to Quantum Dots: Implications for Nanoprobe Self-Assembly SO BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; MULTIFUNCTIONAL LIGANDS; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; PROTEINS; STABILITY; PEPTIDES; SEMICONDUCTOR; STREPTAVIDIN AB The conjugation of biomolecules such as proteins and peptides to semiconductor quantum dots (QD) is a critical step in the development of QD-based imaging probes and nanocarriers. Such protein-QD assemblies can have a wide range of biological applications including in vitro protein assays and live-cell fluorescence imaging. One conjugation scheme that has a number of advantages is the self-assembly of biomolecules on a QD surface via polyhistidine coordination. This approach has been demonstrated using QDs that have different coating types, resulting in different interactions between the biomolecule and QD surface. Here, we report the use of a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay to evaluate the self-assembly of fluorescent proteins on the surface of QDs with eight distinct coatings, including several used in commercial preparations. The results of this systematic comparison can provide a basis for rational design of self-assembled biomolecule-QD complexes for biomedical applications. C1 [Dennis, Allison M.; Sotto, David C.; Bao, Gang] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Biomed Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Dennis, Allison M.; Sotto, David C.; Bao, Gang] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Mei, Bing C.; Mattoussi, Hedi] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bao, G (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Biomed Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM gang.bao@gatech.edu RI Dennis, Allison/A-7654-2014 FU Nanomedicine Development Center [1PN2EY018244]; Program of Excellence in Nanotechnology [HL80711]; Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence [CA 119338]; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG); DTRA; ONR; NRL-NSI FX The authors gratefully acknowledge laboratory support from Andrea Fernandez and Annie Zheng as well as helpful discussions with Drs. Steven Dublin and Charles Glans. This work was supported by NW through a Nanomedicine Development Center award (1PN2EY018244 to G.B.), a Program of Excellence in Nanotechnology award (HL80711 to GB.), a Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence award (CA 119338 to G.B.), and a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship (to A.M.D.). B.M.C., IM., and H.M. acknowledge support from DTRA, ONR, and the NRL-NSI. NR 40 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 9 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1043-1802 J9 BIOCONJUGATE CHEM JI Bioconjugate Chem. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1160 EP 1170 DI 10.1021/bc900500m PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 627GS UT WOS:000280028100006 PM 20568725 ER PT J AU Crum-Cianflone, NF AF Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. TI The Clinical Picture The eyes: A window into the past SO CLEVELAND CLINIC JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID OCULAR HISTOPLASMOSIS SYNDROME; JUXTAFOVEAL CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY C1 [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] USN, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Crum-Cianflone, NF (reprint author), USN, Clin Invest Dept KCA, San Diego Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nancy.crum@med.navy.mil FU NIAID NIH HHS [HU0001-05-2-0011]; PHS HHS [HU0001-05-2-0011] NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CLEVELAND CLINIC PI CLEVELAND PA 9500 EUCLID AVE, CLEVELAND, OH 44106 USA SN 0891-1150 J9 CLEV CLIN J MED JI Clevel. Clin. J. Med. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 77 IS 7 BP 422 EP 424 DI 10.3949/ccjm.77a.09157 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 631LX UT WOS:000280349700004 PM 20601615 ER PT J AU Nordt, SP Minns, A Carstairs, S Kreshak, A Tomaszweski, C Campbell, C Joshua, A Hayden, S Clark, R Ly, B AF Nordt, S. P. Minns, A. Carstairs, S. Kreshak, A. Tomaszweski, C. Campbell, C. Joshua, A. Hayden, S. Clark, R. Ly, B. TI Suspected Mass Sociogenic Illness Reported as Carbon Monoxide Poisoning SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nordt, S. P.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Minns, A.; Kreshak, A.; Tomaszweski, C.; Campbell, C.; Joshua, A.; Hayden, S.; Clark, R.; Ly, B.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Carstairs, S.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 48 IS 6 MA 104 BP 625 EP 625 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 671HY UT WOS:000283492900124 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS Varney, S Sessions, D Barry, D Borys, D AF Bebarta, V. S. Varney, S. Sessions, D. Barry, D. Borys, D. TI Spice: A New "Legal" Herbal Mixture Abused by Young Active Duty Military Personnel SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bebarta, V. S.; Borys, D.] Texas A&M Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Temple, TX USA. [Varney, S.; Sessions, D.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. [Barry, D.] USN, Med Ctr, Portsmith, VA USA. RI Bebarta, Vikhyat/M-1513-2015 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 48 IS 6 MA 138 BP 632 EP 632 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 671HY UT WOS:000283492900158 ER PT J AU Nordt, SP Chen, J Clark, R AF Nordt, S. P. Chen, J. Clark, R. TI Severe Hypermagnesemia from Acute Epsom Salt Administration SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nordt, S. P.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Chen, J.] Naval Hosp Balboa, San Diego, CA USA. [Clark, R.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 48 IS 6 MA 238 BP 653 EP 653 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 671HY UT WOS:000283492900256 ER PT J AU Pion-Berlin, D Trinkunas, H AF Pion-Berlin, David Trinkunas, Harold TI Civilian Praetorianism and Military Shirking During Constitutional Crises in Latin America SO COMPARATIVE POLITICS LA English DT Article ID VENEZUELA; PROTEST AB How do military forces respond (or not respond) to mass protests during moments of constitutional crisis, when civilian opposition movements attempt to force elected officials from power before the end of their terms of office? Even in democracies, militaries deliberate about whether to obey orders to repress the opposition, balancing the costs of repression the-likelihood that they will face prosecution for human rights abuses or experience internal schisms-against the cost of disobeying the executive. The dominant strategy for militaries during moments of crisis is quartering-remaining confined to the barracks-and refusing to take sides. This finding is confirmed by contrasting military actions during three constitutional crises in Latin America-Argentina in 2001, Venezuela in 2002, and Bolivia in 2003. C1 [Pion-Berlin, David] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Trinkunas, Harold] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. RP Pion-Berlin, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU SHERIDAN PRESS PI HANOVER PA COMPARATIVE POLITICS, PO BOX 465, HANOVER, PA 17331 USA SN 0010-4159 J9 COMP POLIT JI Comp. Polit. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 42 IS 4 BP 395 EP + PG 18 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 623OU UT WOS:000279752500002 ER PT J AU Priebe, CE Park, Y Marchette, DJ Conroy, JM Grothendieck, J Gorin, AL AF Priebe, Carey E. Park, Youngser Marchette, David J. Conroy, John M. Grothendieck, John Gorin, Allen L. TI Statistical inference on attributed random graphs: Fusion of graph features and content: An experiment on time series of Enron graphs SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Time series analysis; Clustering; Metadata; Feature representation; Statistical methods; Graph theory AB Fusion of information from graph features and content can provide superior inference for an anomaly detection task, compared to the corresponding content-only or graph feature only statistics In this paper, we design and execute an experiment on a time series of attributed graphs extracted from the Enron email corpus which demonstrates the benefit of fusion The experiment is based on injecting a controlled anomaly into the real data and measuring its detectability (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Priebe, Carey E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Whiting Sch Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Marchette, David J.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Priebe, CE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Whiting Sch Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Priebe, Carey E./A-3305-2010 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9473 J9 COMPUT STAT DATA AN JI Comput. Stat. Data Anal. PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 54 IS 7 BP 1766 EP 1776 DI 10.1016/j.csda.2010.01.008 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 588YG UT WOS:000277110000006 ER PT J AU Liu, XA Robinson, JT Wei, ZQ Sheehan, PE Houston, BH Snow, ES AF Liu, Xiao Robinson, J. T. Wei, Zhongqing Sheehan, P. E. Houston, B. H. Snow, E. S. TI Low temperature elastic properties of chemically reduced and CVD-grown graphene thin films SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes and Nitrides CY SEP 06-10, 2009 CL Athens, GREECE DE Internal friction; Shear modulus; Graphene; Double-paddle oscillator; Tunneling states ID AMORPHOUS SOLIDS; SHEETS AB We have measured internal friction and shear modulus of both reduced graphene oxide and chemical-vapor deposited graphene films measuring as thin as 5 nm. Graphene oxide films were deposited from solutions by spin-coating, and graphene films were synthesized by chemical-vapor deposition (CVD) on Ni thin films. In both cases, these films were transferred from their host substrate into a water bath, then re-deposited onto to a high-Q single crystal silicon mechanical double-paddle oscillator. A minimal thickness dependence of both internal friction and shear modulus was found within the experimental uncertainty for reduced graphene oxide films varying thickness from 5 to 90 nm. The internal friction of all films exhibits a temperature independent plateau below 10 K. The values of the plateaus are similar for both the reduced graphene oxide films and CVD graphene films, and they are as high as the universal "glassy range" where the tunneling states dominated internal friction of amorphous solids lies. This result shows that from a mechanical loss point of view, both graphene oxide and CVD graphene films have high and similar level of disorder. Raman measurements performed on the same samples show higher structure order in CVD graphene films than in graphene oxide films. Our results suggest that internal friction probes different sources of disorder from those by Raman, and the disorder is not directly related to the existence of C-O binding in the graphene oxide films. The shear modulus averages 53 GPa after subtracting Young's modulus component from the vibration mode used in experiments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Liu, Xiao; Robinson, J. T.; Wei, Zhongqing; Sheehan, P. E.; Houston, B. H.; Snow, E. S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, XA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM xiao.liu@nrl.navy.mil RI Robinson, Jeremy/F-2748-2010; Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 19 IS 7-9 SI SI BP 875 EP 878 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2010.02.011 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 616SS UT WOS:000279229700037 ER PT J AU McCafferty, E AF McCafferty, E. TI A thermodynamic study of the effect of small-scale electrolytes on equilibrium redox potentials SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Redox potentials; Small size; Thermodynamics; Nanoelectrolyes ID PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; SURFACE; METAL; ADSORPTION; PARTICLES; CORROSION; CLUSTERS; DROPS AB Expressions are derived to calculate the equilibrium oxidation-reduction potentials for the Al(+3)/Al, Cu(+2)/Cu, and Zn(+2)/Zn systems in small-scale electrolytes. The geometrical system consists of a droplet of electrolyte resting on a flat metal plate, and the metal is considered to be immersed in a solution of its own ions. When the radius of the drop is allowed to vary, both the size of the electrolyte and the size of the active metal beneath the droplet change simultaneously. The total free energy change for the system consists of both electrochemical and surface chemical contributions. The interfacial free energy for the solid/liquid interface has been estimated from the Girifalco-Good expression or from spreading pressure considerations. When the droplet becomes sufficiently small in radius, the surface chemical contributions become significant, and the calculated redox potential changes from its normal value to more negative values as the size of the system decreases. The magnitude of this effect depends on the particular system. For 2 M Cu(+2), the calculated redox potential for a 0.8 nm radius droplet is 0.259 V more negative than for the bulk electrolyte. The effect is much smaller for aluminum and zinc. In all three systems, calculated redox potentials approach values for the bulk solution for droplet radii of about 10 nm. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McCafferty, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mccafferty@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 55 IS 17 BP 4865 EP 4869 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.03.078 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 609EE UT WOS:000278637200005 ER PT J AU Richards, AL Jiang, J Omulo, S Dare, R Abdirahman, K Ali, A Sharif, SK Feikin, DR Breiman, RF Njenga, MK AF Richards, Allen L. Jiang, Ju Omulo, Sylvia Dare, Ryan Abdirahman, Khalif Ali, Abdile Sharif, Shanaaz K. Feikin, Daniel R. Breiman, Robert F. Njenga, M. Kariuki TI Human Infection with Rickettsia felis, Kenya SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FEVER GROUP RICKETTSIAE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CAT FLEAS; MURINE TYPHUS; PREVALENCE; BLOOD; TSUTSUGAMUSHI; TRANSMISSION; ANTIBODIES; BOUCHE AB To determine the cause of acute febrile illnesses other than malaria in the North Eastern Province, Kenya, we investigated rickettsial infection among patients from Garissa Provincial Hospital for 23 months during 2006-2008. Nucleic acid preparations of serum from 6 (3.7%) of 163 patients were positive for rickettsial DNA as determined by a genus-specific quantitative real-time PCR and were subsequently confirmed by molecular sequencing to be positive for Rickettsia felis. The 6 febrile patients' symptoms included headache; nausea; and muscle, back, and joint pain. None of the patients had a skin rash. C1 [Richards, Allen L.; Jiang, Ju] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Richards, Allen L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Omulo, Sylvia; Dare, Ryan; Feikin, Daniel R.; Breiman, Robert F.; Njenga, M. Kariuki] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nairobi, Kenya. [Abdirahman, Khalif; Ali, Abdile; Sharif, Shanaaz K.] Kenya Minist Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Njenga, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Dis Detect Program Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. EM knjenga@ke.cdc.gov RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU US Department of Defense [0000188M.0931.001.A0074]; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The study was supported by the US Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System program (work unit no. 0000188M.0931.001.A0074) and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 40 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 6 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2010 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1081 EP 1086 DI 10.3201/eid1607.091885 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 620TG UT WOS:000279522200005 PM 20587178 ER PT J AU Keith, WL Cipolla, KM AF Keith, William L. Cipolla, Kimberly M. TI Features of the turbulent wall pressure field on a long towed cylinder SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYERS; FLUCTUATIONS; BENEATH AB Turbulent wall pressure fluctuation correlation functions were measured in water on a towed cylindrical model of length 129.8 m and diameter 3.8 cm for steady speeds ranging from 6.2 to 15.5 m/s. The drag on the model was measured with a strut-mounted load cell to provide estimates of the momentum thickness and friction velocity that are used for scaling the correlation functions. Very high momentum thickness Reynolds numbers Re(theta) were achieved, and varied from 4.8 x 10(5) to 1.1 x 10(6). The ratio of boundary layer thickness to cylinder radius was approximately 24, which is an order of magnitude greater than previous laboratory investigations. The ratio of momentum thickness to viscous length scale is significantly greater than for flat plate cases at comparable Re(theta). A similarity scaling is shown to be more effective than outer or inner boundary layer scalings for collapsing the correlation functions. Comparisons with the early streamwise and transverse correlation measurements of Willmarth and Yang are favorable, and show consistent trends of a more rapid loss of correlated energy for cylindrical turbulent boundary layers than for flat plate cases. Convection velocities are also presented and shown to collapse well with separation scaled on outer variables. A simple model that relates the peak of the correlation function to the average coherence levels is shown to be valid for spatial separations less than the approximate momentum thickness. C1 [Keith, William L.; Cipolla, Kimberly M.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Cipolla, KM (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM kimberly.cipolla@navy.mil FU Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport Internal Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) [0601152] FX Funding was provided by the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport Internal Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) Program, Program Manager Dr. Anthony Ruffa, Project "Axisymmetric Turbulent Boundary Layer Measurements on a Full Scale Towed Array Module,'' Program Element 0601152 N, Principal Investigator Dr. William Keith. Dr. Deborah Furey is gratefully acknowledged for her contribution to the design and execution of the experiment. The authors would like to thank the reviewers and also Dr. Alex Skvortsov of the Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO) for many constructive comments. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD JUL PY 2010 VL 49 IS 1 SI SI BP 203 EP 211 DI 10.1007/s00348-010-0841-0 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 612SQ UT WOS:000278923400017 ER PT J AU Bernick, SJ Kane, S AF Bernick, Steven J. Kane, Sunanda TI Insight into the widespread problem of nonadherence to therapy in ulcerative colitis patients SO EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE 5-ASA; adherence; compliance; mesalamine; persistence; ulcerative colitis ID 5-AMINOSALICYLIC ACID THERAPY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; MEDICATION NONADHERENCE; ADHERENCE; MAINTENANCE; PREDICTORS; IMPROVE; COMMUNICATION; NONCOMPLIANCE AB Ulcerative colitis is a chronic condition that requires long-term treatment. The first-line therapy remains 5-aminosalicylic acid, which is available in several different formulations and dosing schedules. Several studies have demonstrated that adherence rates to prescribed 5-aminosalicylic acid products are below those expected for a drug that has significant consequences on important outcomes. Worse disease outcomes, higher medical costs and even potentially higher rates of colorectal cancer have been associated with nonadherence. Nonadherence is multifactorial, fluid in nature over time and is dependent on disease activity level. Interventions to improve adherence rates have to be individualized. With the advent of simpler dosing regimens it was assumed that adherence rates would improve, but this has not been the case. Despite our current knowledge about nonadherence, it remains difficult to manage long term. C1 [Kane, Sunanda] Mayo Clin, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Bernick, Steven J.] USN, Dept Gastroenterol, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Kane, S (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM kane.sunanda@mayo.edu FU Shire and Warner Chilcott FX Sunanda Kane serves as a consultant to Kyorin, Shire and Warner Chilcott, and receives research support from Shire and Warner Chilcott. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU EXPERT REVIEWS PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1744-666X J9 EXPERT REV CLIN IMMU JI Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 6 IS 4 BP 677 EP 682 DI 10.1586/ECI.10.28 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 632AI UT WOS:000280391800026 PM 20594140 ER PT J AU Thorsos, EI Richardson, MD Lynch, JF AF Thorsos, Eric I. Richardson, Michael D. Lynch, James F. TI Special Issue on Sediment Acoustic Processes: Part III SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material ID SANDY SEDIMENT C1 [Thorsos, Eric I.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Richardson, Michael D.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Lynch, James F.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Thorsos, EI (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM eit@apl.washington.edu; mrichardson@nrlssc.navy.mil; jlynch@whoi.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 35 IS 3 SI SI BP 449 EP 452 DI 10.1109/JOE.2010.2060510 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 667WH UT WOS:000283226500001 ER PT J AU Briggs, KB Reed, AH Jackson, DR Tang, DJ AF Briggs, Kevin B. Reed, Allen H. Jackson, Darrell R. Tang, Dajun TI Fine-Scale Volume Heterogeneity in a Mixed Sand/Mud Sediment off Fort Walton Beach, FL SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Computed tomography (CT); conductivity; heterogeneity; sediment density; sediment sound speed ID BACKSCATTERING; SAX99 AB As part of the effort to characterize the acoustic and physical properties of the seafloor during the high-frequency 2004 Sediment Acoustics Experiment (SAX04), fine-scale variability of sediment sound speed and density was measured in a medium quartz sand using diver cores and an in situ conductivity probe. This study has a goal of providing environmental input to high-frequency backscatter modeling efforts. Because the experiment was conducted immediately following exposure of the site to Hurricane Ivan, measurements revealed storm-generated sedimentary structure that included mud deposits and trapped sand pockets suspended in the mud. Fluctuations of sediment sound speed and density were measured downcore at 1- and 2-cm increments, respectively, with standard laboratory techniques. Sediment density was also measured on a very fine scale with an in situ conductivity probe [in situ measurement of porosity (IMP2)] and by means of computed tomography (CT) imaging of a diver core. Overlap between the locations of the diver cores and the conductivity probe measurements allowed an examination of multiple scales of sediment heterogeneity and a comparison of techniques. Sediment heterogeneity was characterized using estimates of covariance corresponding to an algebraic form for the power spectrum of fluctuations obtained from core, conductivity, and CT measurements. Correcting for sampling brings the power spectra for density fluctuations determined from the various measurements into agreement, and supports description of heterogeneity at the site over a wide range of scales by a power spectrum having a simple algebraic form. C1 [Briggs, Kevin B.; Reed, Allen H.] USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Jackson, Darrell R.; Tang, Dajun] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Briggs, KB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM kbriggs@nrlssc.navy.mil; areed@nrlssc.navy.mil; drj@apl.washington.edu; djtang@apl.washington.edu OI Jackson, Darrell/0000-0001-8060-2439 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) [0601153N] FX Manuscript received May 25, 2008; revised August 05, 2009; accepted September 29, 2009. Date of publication July 26, 2010; date of current version September 01, 2010. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) and Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Program Element 0601153N. The NRL contribution number is JA/7400-08-0005. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 35 IS 3 SI SI BP 471 EP 487 DI 10.1109/JOE.2010.2041834 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 667WH UT WOS:000283226500003 ER PT J AU Zimmer, MA Bibee, LD Richardson, MD AF Zimmer, Michael A. Bibee, Leonard Dale Richardson, Michael D. TI Measurement of the Frequency Dependence of the Sound Speed and Attenuation of Seafloor Sands From 1 to 400 kHz SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Attenuation; dispersion; frequency; sand; sound speed ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ELASTIC WAVES; PROPAGATION; RANGE AB Measurements of sound speed and attenuation were performed over a frequency range from 1 to 400 kHz in the sandy seafloor near Ft. Walton Beach, FL, as part of the 2004 Sediment Acoustics Experiment (SAX04). The measurements at the lowest frequencies, from 1 to 20 kHz, were performed by transmitting tone burst signals from two acoustic sources positioned at depths up to 1 m below the seafloor which were recorded on a 4 m x 4 m array of 35 hydrophones emplaced to depths of between 0.1 and 1 m. Measurements were obtained at frequencies from 40 to 200 kHz with the In Situ Sediment Acoustic Measurement System (ISSAMS), a fixed linear array of four piezoelectric probes. The probes were inserted to a depth of 0.3 m, and the outer two probes were used as transmitters, with the inner probes acting as receivers. Sound-speed measurements were also made at 100, 200, and 400 kHz on diver-collected cores using four separate pairs of ultrasonic transducers. The sound-speed measurements above 40 kHz demonstrate an essentially constant sound-speed ratio with frequency of between 1.165 and 1.175, where the sound-speed ratio is the ratio of the speed through the sand to the speed through the overlying seawater. The sound-speed ratio determined from the low-frequency array data decreased from 1.135 to 1.115 with decreasing frequency below 20 kHz. Uncertainties in the sound-speed ratio values on the order of +/- 0.02 do not allow meaningful tests of the ability of Biot-Stoll or Buckingham propagation models to describe the observed dispersion. The measured attenuation values show a range from 1 to 120 dB/m with frequency from 1 to 400 kHz. At frequencies above 40 kHz, the attenuation follows a linear trend parallel to the estimates from the Buckingham model, as fit to the data with two free parameters, and at the highest frequencies significantly exceeding the Biot model prediction, as parameterized with values selected from the range of measurements of sediment and pore-water properties made from throughout the SAX04 site. At frequencies below 20 kHz, the data straddle the trends from the two models. C1 [Zimmer, Michael A.; Bibee, Leonard Dale; Richardson, Michael D.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Zimmer, MA (reprint author), ENSCO Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM zimmer.michael@ensco.com; dale.bibee@nrlssc.navy.mil; mike.richardson@nrlssc.navy.mil FU National Research Council; NRL [61115N] FX Manuscript received April 01, 2007; revised January 23, 2010; accepted June 23, 2010. Date of publication August 16, 2010; date of current version September 01, 2010. The work of M. A. Zimmer was supported by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship. This work was supported by NRL 6.1 Core Research Program Element 61115N, H. Eppert, Program Manager. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 35 IS 3 SI SI BP 538 EP 557 DI 10.1109/JOE.2010.2056230 PG 20 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 667WH UT WOS:000283226500007 ER PT J AU Bowman, SR O'Connor, SP Biswal, S Condon, NJ Rosenberg, A AF Bowman, Steven R. O'Connor, Shawn P. Biswal, Subrat Condon, Nicholas J. Rosenberg, Armand TI Minimizing Heat Generation in Solid-State Lasers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Laser thermal factors; solid lasers; ytterbium AB Novel high-power ytterbium YAG lasers are described. These lasers incorporate the principle of anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling to reduce or eliminate detrimental heating. Lasers with net heating and net cooling are demonstrated. By balancing the spontaneous and stimulated emission, we have reduced the net thermal loading to below 0.01% of the laser's average output power. Design, testing, and analysis are reported for lasers up to 500 W average power and pulsed operation up to 30 s. Issues and limitations of this approach are discussed. C1 [Bowman, Steven R.; Rosenberg, Armand] USN, Res Lab, Opt Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bowman, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Opt Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM steven.bowman@nrl.navy.mil; shawn.oconnor@nrl.navy.mil; busyb50@hotmail.com; nicholas.condon@nrl.navy.mil; Armand.Rosenberg@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Joint Technology Office for High Energy Lasers FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the Joint Technology Office for High Energy Lasers. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1076 EP 1085 DI 10.1109/JQE.2010.2043415 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 575SO UT WOS:000276088400009 ER PT J AU Irvine, C Nguyen, TD AF Irvine, Cynthia Nguyen, Thuy D. TI Educating the Systems Security Engineer's Apprentice SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Article C1 [Irvine, Cynthia; Nguyen, Thuy D.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA USA. RP Irvine, C (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA USA. EM irvine@nps.edu; tdnguyen@nps.edu NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 8 IS 4 BP 58 EP 61 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 636UM UT WOS:000280768600010 ER PT J AU McCamish, SB Romano, M Yun, XP AF McCamish, Shawn Baxter Romano, Marcello Yun, Xiaoping TI Autonomous Distributed Control of Simultaneous Multiple Spacecraft Proximity Maneuvers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Artificial potential function; automated docking; distributed control; linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control; multiple spacecraft; orbital robotics ID ARTIFICIAL POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS; SLIDING-MODE CONTROL; FUNCTION GUIDANCE AB An autonomous distributed control algorithm for multiple spacecraft performing simultaneous close proximity maneuvers has been developed. Examples of these maneuvers include automated on-orbit inspection, assembly, or servicing. The proposed control algorithm combines the control effort efficiency of the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) and the robust collision avoidance capability of the Artificial Potential Function (APF) method. The LQR control effort serves as the attractive force toward goal positions, while APF-based repulsive functions provide collision avoidance for both fixed and moving obstacles. Comprehensive validation and performance evaluation of the control algorithm is conducted by numerical simulations. The simulation results show the developed LQR/APF algorithm to be both robust and efficient for controlling multiple spacecraft during simultaneous docking maneuvers. Note to Practitioners-Use of multiple spacecraft for close proximity operations is expected to increase in future space missions. A challenging problem is how to automate motion planning and control of multiple spacecraft in close proximity. This paper presents a distributed control algorithm for simultaneous docking maneuvers of multiple spacecraft. C1 [McCamish, Shawn Baxter; Romano, Marcello; Yun, Xiaoping] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McCamish, SB (reprint author), US Natl Reconnaissance Off, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. EM shawn.mccamish@nro.mil; mromano@nps.edu; yun@nps.edu RI Romano, Marcello/C-7972-2013 FU U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) FX Manuscript received September 28, 2009; accepted October 19, 2009. Date of publication March 08, 2010; date of current version July 02, 2010. This paper was recommended for publication by Editor V. Kumar upon evaluation of the reviewers' comments. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-5955 J9 IEEE T AUTOM SCI ENG JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 7 IS 3 BP 630 EP 644 DI 10.1109/TASE.2009.2039010 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 651PB UT WOS:000281938500019 ER PT J AU Mu, QL Coleman, JO Scholnik, DP Popovic, Z AF Mu, Qianli Coleman, Jeffrey O. Scholnik, Dan P. Popovic, Zoya TI Circuit Approaches to Nonlinear-ISI Mitigation in Noise-Shaped Bandpass D/A Conversion SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear model; pulse modulation drain efficiency; switching-mode ID POWER-AMPLIFIERS; TRANSMITTERS; LINEARITY; MICROWAVE; DESIGN; RF AB This paper focuses on the analysis of nonlinear inter-symbol interference (ISI) in RF bandpass delta-sigma power digital-to-analog converters (DACs). Digital RF transmitters based on direct delta-sigma modulation have been proposed for efficient linear multi-functional radios. We show that a realistic one-bit DAC limits the linearity of such a transmitter. The linearity is discussed in terms of ISI, for both single-ended and differential DAC circuits. Theoretical and experimental comparisons are given with a three-tone delta-sigma test signal at a 1.5 GHz clock frequency with 60 MHz possible signal bandwidth centered at 375 MHz. The signal-to-noise-and-distortion (SINAD) is shown to be improved for the differential case. It is also shown that circuit design and bias voltages have a dramatic effect on signal linearity. C1 [Mu, Qianli; Popovic, Zoya] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Coleman, Jeffrey O.; Scholnik, Dan P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mu, QL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM qianli.mu@colorado.edu; jeffc@alum.mit.edu; dan.scholnik@nrl.navy.mil; zoya.popovic@colorado.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-05-1-0050] FX Manuscript received September 04, 2009; accepted October 18, 2009. Date of publication December 28, 2009; date of current version July 16, 2010. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under Grant N00014-05-1-0050. This paper was recommended by A. Demosthenous. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1549-8328 EI 1558-0806 J9 IEEE T CIRCUITS-I JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I-Regul. Pap. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 57 IS 7 BP 1559 EP 1572 DI 10.1109/TCSI.2009.2035988 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 659JE UT WOS:000282562000015 ER PT J AU Laupattarakasem, P Jones, WL Hennon, CC Allard, JR Harless, AR Black, PG AF Laupattarakasem, Peth Jones, W. Linwood Hennon, Christopher C. Allard, John R. Harless, Amy R. Black, Peter G. TI Improved Hurricane Ocean Vector Winds Using SeaWinds Active/Passive Retrievals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE H* Wind; hurricane retrieval; ocean vector wind (OVW) retrieval; QuikSCAT; rain correction; scatterometer; SeaWinds ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; SYSTEM; RADAR; NSCAT; MODEL; BAND; HRD AB The SeaWinds scatterometer, onboard the QuikSCAT satellite, infers global ocean vector winds (OVWs); however, for a number of reasons, these measurements in hurricanes are significantly degraded. This paper presents an improved hurricane OVW retrieval approach, known as Q-Winds, which is derived from combined SeaWinds active and passive measurements. In this technique, the effects of rain are implicitly included in a new geophysical model function, which relates oceanic brightness temperature and radar backscatter measurements (at the top of the atmosphere) to the surface wind vector under both clear sky and in the presence of light to moderate rain. This approach extends the useful wind speed measurement range for tropical cyclones beyond that exhibited by the standard SeaWinds Project Level-2B (L2B) 12.5-km wind vector algorithm. A description of the Q-Winds algorithm is given, and examples of OVW retrievals are presented for the Q-Winds and L2B 12.5-km algorithms for ten hurricane overpasses in 2003-2008. These data are also compared to independent surface wind vector estimates from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hurricane Research Division's objective hurricane surface wind analysis technique known as H* Wind. These comparisons suggest that the Q-Winds OVW product agrees better with independently derived H* Wind analysis winds than does the conventional L2B OVW product. C1 [Laupattarakasem, Peth] Webster Univ, Orlando, FL 32821 USA. [Laupattarakasem, Peth; Jones, W. Linwood] Univ Cent Florida, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32817 USA. [Hennon, Christopher C.; Allard, John R.] Univ N Carolina, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Harless, Amy R.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Harless, Amy R.] Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Black, Peter G.] SAIC Inc, Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Laupattarakasem, P (reprint author), Webster Univ, Orlando, FL 32821 USA. EM plaupat@gmail.com; ljones@pegasus.cc.ucf.edu; chennon@unca.edu; johnrall2@yahoo.com; arharles@unca.edu; peter.black@nrlmry.navy.mil FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters for the Earth Science Research FX This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters for the Earth Science Research Program investigations of the Ocean Vector Winds Science Team. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2010 VL 48 IS 7 BP 2909 EP 2923 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2043110 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 649RF UT WOS:000281789800013 ER PT J AU Alderson, DL Doyle, JC AF Alderson, David L. Doyle, John C. TI Contrasting Views of Complexity and Their Implications For Network-Centric Infrastructures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS LA English DT Article DE Architecture; complexity theory; networks; optimal control; optimization methods; protocols ID HIGHLY OPTIMIZED TOLERANCE; SCALE-FREE NETWORKS; INFORMETRIC DISTRIBUTIONS; ROBUSTNESS; SYSTEMS; ARCHITECTURES; ORGANIZATION; PERFORMANCE; ALGORITHMS; EMERGENCE AB There exists a widely recognized need to better understand andmanage complex "systems of systems," ranging from biology, ecology, and medicine to network-centric technologies. This is motivating the search for universal laws of highly evolved systems and driving demand for new mathematics and methods that are consistent, integrative, and predictive. However, the theoretical frameworks available today are not merely fragmented but sometimes contradictory and incompatible. We argue that complexity arises in highly evolved biological and technological systems primarily to provide mechanisms to create robustness. However, this complexity itself can be a source of new fragility, leading to "robust yet fragile" tradeoffs in system design. We focus on the role of robustness and architecture in networked infrastructures, and we highlight recent advances in the theory of distributed control driven by network technologies. This view of complexity in highly organized technological and biological systems is fundamentally different from the dominant perspective in the mainstream sciences, which downplays function, constraints, and tradeoffs, and tends to minimize the role of organization and design. C1 [Alderson, David L.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Doyle, John C.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Alderson, DL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dlalders@nps.edu; doyle@cds.caltech.edu FU Office of Naval Research [0001408WR20242, N000140810747] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under MURI Awards 0001408WR20242 and N000140810747. NR 68 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4427 EI 1558-2426 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY A JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Paart A-Syst. Hum. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 40 IS 4 BP 839 EP 852 DI 10.1109/TSMCA.2010.2048027 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 611KN UT WOS:000278814100017 ER PT J AU Okawara, C Robinson, H Stace, J Amin, A AF Okawara, Chiaki Robinson, Harold Stace, Joseph Amin, Ahmed TI Electromechanical Properties of High-Coupling (1-x)Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3-(x)PbTiO3 Single Crystals for Sound Projectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; PZN-PT; POLARIZATION ROTATION; ORTHORHOMBIC PHASE; TRANSITIONS; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM AB Isothermal weak field frequency sweeps were conducted over the temperature range 30 to 140 degrees C on multidomain, oriented, and poled (1-x)Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3-xPbTiO(3) (PZN-PT) single crystals with x = 0.045, 0.06, 0.07, and 0.08 near the ferroelectric rhombohedral (F-R)-ferroelectric tetragonal (F-T) morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). The temperature dependencies of the small-signal 33-mode electromechanical properties were derived from the isothermal frequency sweeps. Morphotropic compositions with x = 0.06 and 0.07 PT were found to exhibit the largest electromechanical coupling and piezoelectric coefficient, with k(33) > 0.90 and d(33) similar to 2300 pC/N, and the lowest short-circuit Young's modulus of similar to 9 GPa. Reversible zero-field elastic instability attributable to a F-R-F-O transition was observed under isothermal compression-decompression of a 0.94PZN-0.06PT single crystal. The application of a dc bias field enhanced the FR stability under compression. The large-signal, dc biased, 33-mode electromechanical response was measured under mechanical compressions similar to those used in sound projectors. The remarkable small-signal electromechanical properties are in a good agreement with the large-signal response. The crystal response to thermal, electrical, and mechanical variable is discussed in terms of high-coupling single crystal models. C1 [Okawara, Chiaki] Japan Minist Def, Tech Res & Dev Inst, Tokyo, Japan. [Robinson, Harold; Stace, Joseph; Amin, Ahmed] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI USA. RP Okawara, C (reprint author), Japan Minist Def, Tech Res & Dev Inst, Tokyo, Japan. EM ahmed.amin@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); Japan Ministry of Defense; Department of Defense (DoD) FX Manuscript received April 23, 2009; accepted February 20, 2010. We gratefully acknowledge the Office of Naval Research (ONR) for financial support of this work. C. Okawara wishes to thank the Engineers and Scientists Exchange Program (ESEP) between the Japan Ministry of Defense and the Department of Defense (DoD) for every support. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD JUL PY 2010 VL 57 IS 7 BP 1497 EP 1504 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2010.1580 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 656DU UT WOS:000282307200002 PM 20639145 ER PT J AU Crum-Cianflone, NF Grandits, G Echols, S Ganesan, A Landrum, M Weintrob, A Barthel, R Agan, B AF Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. Grandits, Greg Echols, Sara Ganesan, Anuradha Landrum, Michael Weintrob, Amy Barthel, Robert Agan, Brian CA Infect Dis Clinical Res Program TI Trends and Causes of Hospitalizations Among HIV-Infected Persons During the Late HAART Era: What Is the Impact of CD4 Counts and HAART Use? SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE complications; epidemiology; HIV; hospitalization; morbidity; MRSA infections; surgery ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INPATIENT ADMISSIONS; RATES; COHORT; MORTALITY; DEATH; AIDS; MORBIDITY; HEPATITIS; DIAGNOSES AB Background: Declining rates of hospitalizations occurred shortly after the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, trends in the late HAART era are less defined, and data on the impact of CD4 counts and HAART use on hospitalizations are needed. Methods: We evaluated hospitalization rates from 1999 to 2007 among HIV-infected persons enrolled in a large US military cohort. Poisson regression was used to compare hospitalization rates per year and to examine factors associated with hospitalization. Results: Of the 2429 participants, 822 (34%) were hospitalized at least once with 1770 separate hospital admissions. The rate of hospitalizations (137 per 1000 person-years) was constant over the study period [relative rate (RR) 1.00 per year change, 95% confidence interval: 0.98 to 1.02]. The hospitalization rates due to skin infections (RR: 1.50, P = 0.02), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (RR: 3.19, P = 0.03), liver disease (RR: 1.71, P = 0.04), and surgery (RR: 1.17, P = 0.04) significantly increased over time, whereas psychological causes (RR: 0.60, P < 0.01) and trauma (RR: 0.54, P < 0.01) decreased. In the multivariate model, higher nadir CD4 (RR: 0.92 per 50 cells, P < 0.01) and higher proximal CD4 counts (RR of 0.71 for 350-499 vs. <350 cells/mm(3) and RR 0.67 for >= 500 vs. <350 cells/mm3, both P < 0.01) were associated with lower risk of hospitalization. Risk of hospitalization was constant for proximal CD4 levels above 350 (RR: 0.94 P = 0.51, CD4 >= 500 vs. 350-499). HAART was associated with a reduced risk of hospitalization among those with a CD4,350 (RR: 0.72, P = 0.02) but had smaller estimated and nonsignificant effects at higher CD4 levels (RR: 0.81, P = 0.33 and 1.06, P = 0.71 for CD4 <350-499 and >= 500, respectively). Conclusions: Hospitalizations continue to occur at high rates among HIV-infected persons with increasing rates for skin infections, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, liver disease, and surgeries. Factors associated with a reduced risk of hospitalization include CD4 counts >350 cells per cubic millimeter and HAART use among patients with a CD4 count <350 cells per cubic millimeter. C1 [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept KCA, Infect Dis Clin, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.; Grandits, Greg; Echols, Sara; Ganesan, Anuradha; Landrum, Michael; Weintrob, Amy; Barthel, Robert; Agan, Brian] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Grandits, Greg] Univ Minnesota, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Ganesan, Anuradha] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Bethesda, MD USA. [Landrum, Michael] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, San Antonio, TX USA. [Weintrob, Amy] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Barthel, Robert] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Infect Dis Clin, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Crum-Cianflone, NF (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept KCA, Infect Dis Clin, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nancy.crum@med.navy.mil OI Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 FU Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences [028]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health [Y1-AI-5072] FX Support for this work (IDCRP #028) was provided by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP), a Department of Defense program executed through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. This project has been funded in whole, or in part, with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, under Inter-Agency Agreement Y1-AI-5072. NR 37 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 54 IS 3 BP 248 EP 257 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181c8ef22 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 613YV UT WOS:000279022300004 PM 20658748 ER PT J AU Henshaw, CG Sanner, RM AF Henshaw, Carl Glen Sanner, Robert M. TI Variational Technique for Spacecraft Trajectory Planning SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Spacecraft mission planning ID ORBIT AB This paper describes a spacecraft trajectory planning algorithm based on the calculus of variations which can solve 6-degree-of-freedom spacecraft docking and proximity operations problems. The design of a cost functional which trades off fuel use, obstacle clearance distance, and arrival time is discussed. The nonlinear orbital dynamic equations are treated as dynamic constraints. The Euler-Lagrange equations for this functional are derived, as is the Pontryagin criteria for the optimal control input given realistic saturating on-off thrusters. The indirect collocation method is chosen to solve the attendant boundary-value problem for its lack of sensitivity to initial conditions; continuation is used to further improve the algorithm's robustness. The manipulation of the Euler-Lagrange equations and the transversality condition into a form suitable for use with existing collocation codes is discussed. Results are shown for an end-to-end docking maneuver with a tumbling satellite. C1 [Henshaw, Carl Glen] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sanner, Robert M.] Univ Maryland, Space Syst Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Henshaw, CG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ghenshaw@space.nrl.navy.mil; rmsanner@eng.umd.edu NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 EI 1943-5525 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 23 IS 3 BP 147 EP 156 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000019 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 612OZ UT WOS:000278911000001 ER PT J AU Maximenko, SI Freitas, JA Myers-Ward, RL Lew, KK VanMil, BL Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK Muzykov, PG Sudarshan, TS AF Maximenko, S. I. Freitas, J. A., Jr. Myers-Ward, R. L. Lew, K. -K. VanMil, B. L. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Gaskill, D. K. Muzykov, P. G. Sudarshan, T. S. TI Effect of threading screw and edge dislocations on transport properties of 4H-SiC homoepitaxial layers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BEAM-INDUCED CURRENT; DIFFUSION LENGTH; SCHOTTKY BARRIERS; EPITAXIAL LAYERS; SILICON-CARBIDE; DEFECTS; BULK; SEMICONDUCTORS; DIODES; GROWTH AB Local recombination properties of threading screw and edge dislocations in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers have been studied using electron beam induced current (EBIC). The minority carrier diffusion length in the vicinity of dislocations was found to vary with dislocation type. Screw dislocations had a more pronounced impact on diffusion length than the edge dislocations, evidencing stronger recombination activity. Temperature dependence of EBIC contrast of dislocations suggests that their recombination activity is controlled by deep energy levels in the vicinity of dislocation cores. This paper shows that the type of dislocation (screw or edge) can be identified from analysis of EBIC contrast. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3448230] C1 [Maximenko, S. I.; Freitas, J. A., Jr.; Myers-Ward, R. L.; Lew, K. -K.; VanMil, B. L.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Muzykov, P. G.; Sudarshan, T. S.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Maximenko, SI (reprint author), Global Def Technol & Syst Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM serguei.maximenko.ctr.rs@nrl.navy.mil FU NRC; American Society for Engineering Education FX The authors are thankful to Dr. P. B. Klein for useful discussion and valuable suggestions during manuscript preparation. S. I. Maximenko acknowledges support of this research provided by the NRC program at NRL. B. L. Van-Mil and K. K. Lew acknowledge the support of the American Society for Engineering Education Postdoctoral Fellowship Program at NRL. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 108 IS 1 AR 013708 DI 10.1063/1.3448230 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 626XB UT WOS:000280000400048 ER PT J AU Maroules, CD Bhasin, M Sposato, J Whiting, E Mitchell, E AF Maroules, Christopher D. Bhasin, Mohit Sposato, Joseph Whiting, Eric Mitchell, Eric TI Evaluation of cor triatriatum dexter with use of 64-slice multidetector computed tomography SO JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Atrial septal defect; Cor triatriatum dexter; Multidetector CT AB Cor triatriatum dexter, a rare condition in which the right atrium is divided by an anomalous membrane, is shown with cardiac CT, magnetic resonance imaging and direct surgical visualization. Published by Elsevier Inc on behalf of Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. C1 [Maroules, Christopher D.; Sposato, Joseph; Mitchell, Eric] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Cardiol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Bhasin, Mohit] Sentara Heart Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Norfolk, VA USA. [Whiting, Eric] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Radiol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Maroules, CD (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Cardiol, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM christopher.maroules@med.navy.mil FU United States Navy FX All financial support for this study was provided by the United States Navy. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1934-5925 J9 J CARDIOVASC COMPUT JI J. Cardiovasc. Comput. Tomogr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 4 IS 4 BP 281 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.jcct.2010.05.014 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA V26BQ UT WOS:000208521500010 PM 20579621 ER PT J AU Jackson, EM Aifer, EH Canedy, CL Nolde, JA Cress, CD Weaver, BD Vurgaftman, I Warner, JH Meyer, JR Tischler, JG Shaw, SA Dedianous, CR AF Jackson, E. M. Aifer, E. H. Canedy, C. L. Nolde, J. A. Cress, C. D. Weaver, B. D. Vurgaftman, I. Warner, J. H. Meyer, J. R. Tischler, J. G. Shaw, S. A. Dedianous, C. R. TI Radiation Damage in Type II Superlattice Infrared Detectors SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th United States Workshop on Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY OCT 06-08, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP USA CECOM Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, USA Res Lab, USA SMDC, US Navy Electro Opt Ctr, Penn State Appl Res Lab, Off Naval Res, Air Force Res Lab, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE Type II superlattice; infrared; detector; radiation ID LOW-TEMPERATURE; SOLAR-CELLS; PHOTODIODES; LONG AB The effects of 2 MeV proton irradiation on a set of four long-wave infrared type II superlattice photodiodes with various structures were studied. Changes were monitored in operating bias, quantum efficiency (QE), and dark current. Shifts in operating bias indicate that irradiation causes the superlattices to become more p-type, and decreases in QE are found to be consistent with a reduction in carrier lifetime. Leakage currents remain lower in graded-gap diodes at all fluences. C1 [Jackson, E. M.; Aifer, E. H.; Canedy, C. L.; Nolde, J. A.; Cress, C. D.; Weaver, B. D.; Vurgaftman, I.; Warner, J. H.; Meyer, J. R.; Tischler, J. G.; Shaw, S. A.; Dedianous, C. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jackson, EM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM eric.jackson@nrl.navy.mil RI Cress, Cory/A-8673-2009; OI Cress, Cory/0000-0001-7563-6693 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 39 IS 7 BP 852 EP 856 DI 10.1007/s11664-010-1227-z PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 620MS UT WOS:000279504600005 ER PT J AU Aifer, EH Warner, JH Canedy, CL Vurgaftman, I Jackson, EM Tischler, JG Meyer, JR Powell, SP Olver, K Tennant, WE AF Aifer, E. H. Warner, J. H. Canedy, C. L. Vurgaftman, I. Jackson, E. M. Tischler, J. G. Meyer, J. R. Powell, S. P. Olver, K. Tennant, W. E. TI Shallow-Etch Mesa Isolation of Graded-Bandgap "W''-Structured Type II Superlattice Photodiodes SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th United States Workshop on Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY OCT 06-08, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP USA CECOM Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, USA Res Lab, USA SMDC, US Navy Electro Opt Ctr, Penn State Appl Res Lab, Off Naval Res, Air Force Res Lab, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE Type II superlattice; antimonide; GaSb; infrared detector AB Shallow-etch mesa isolation (SEMI) of graded-bandgap "W''-structured type II superlattice (GGW) infrared photodiodes provides a powerful means for reducing excess dark currents due to surface and bulk junction related processes, and it is particularly well suited for focal-plane array fabrication. In the n-on-p GGW photodiode structure the energy gap is increased in a series of steps from that of the lightly p-type infrared-absorbing region to a value typically two to three times larger. The wider gap levels off about 10 nm short of the doping-defined junction, and continues for another 0.25 mu m into the heavily n-doped cathode before the structure is terminated by an n(+)-doped InAs top cap layer. The increased bandgap in the high-field region near the junction helps to strongly suppress both bulk tunneling and generation-recombination (G-R) current by imposing a much larger tunneling barrier and exponentially lowering the intrinsic carrier concentration. The SEMI approach takes further advantage of the graded structure by exposing only the widest-gap layers on etched surfaces. This lowers surface recombination and trap-assisted tunneling in much the same way as the GGW suppresses these processes in the bulk. Using SEMI, individual photodiodes are defined using a shallow etch that typically terminates only 10 nm to 20 nm past the junction, which is sufficient to isolate neighboring pixels while leaving the narrow-gap absorber layer buried 100 nm to 200 nm below the surface. This provides for separate optimization of the photodiode's electrical and optical area. The area of the junction can be reduced to a fraction of that of the pixel, lowering bulk junction current, while maintaining 100% optical fill factor with the undisturbed absorber layer. Finally, with the elimination of deep, high-aspect-ratio trenches, SEMI simplifies array fabrication. We report herein results from SEMI-processed GGW devices, including large-area discrete photodiodes, mini-arrays, and a focal-plane array. Current-voltage data show strong suppression of side-wall leakage relative to that for more deeply etched devices, as well as scaling of dark current with junction area without loss of quantum efficiency. C1 [Aifer, E. H.; Warner, J. H.; Canedy, C. L.; Vurgaftman, I.; Jackson, E. M.; Tischler, J. G.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Powell, S. P.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Olver, K.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Tennant, W. E.] Teledyne Imaging Sensors, Camarillo, CA 93212 USA. RP Aifer, EH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM edward.aifer@nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1070 EP 1079 DI 10.1007/s11664-009-1056-0 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 620MS UT WOS:000279504600039 ER PT J AU Enright, MP Chan, KS Moody, JP Golden, PJ Chandra, R Pentz, AC AF Enright, Michael P. Chan, Kwai S. Moody, Jonathan P. Golden, Patrick J. Chandra, Ramesh Pentz, Alan C. TI Probabilistic Fretting Fatigue Assessment of Aircraft Engine Disks SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE aerospace engines; aircraft; fatigue cracks; finite element analysis; fracture mechanics; gas turbines; inspection; integral equations; probability; stress analysis; wear ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; FRACTURE-MECHANICS APPROACH; DESIGN METHODOLOGY; CONTACT FATIGUE; PREDICTION; NOTCH AB Fretting fatigue is a random process that continues to be a major source of damage associated with the failure of aircraft gas turbine engine components. Fretting fatigue is dominated by the fatigue crack growth phase and is strongly dependent on the magnitude of the stress values in the contact region. These stress values often have the most influence on small cracks where traditional long-crack fracture mechanics may not apply. A number of random variables can be used to model the uncertainty associated with the fatigue crack growth process. However, these variables can often be reduced to a few primary random variables related to the size and location of the initial crack, variability associated with applied stress and crack growth life models, and uncertainty in the quality and frequency of nondeterministic inspections. In this paper, an approach is presented for estimating the risk reduction associated with the nondestructive inspection of aircraft engine components subjected to fretting fatigue. Contact stress values in the blade attachment region are estimated using a fine mesh finite element model coupled with a singular integral equation solver and combined with bulk stress values to obtain the total stress gradient at the edge of contact. This stress gradient is applied to the crack growth life prediction of a mode I fretting fatigue crack. A probabilistic model of the fretting process is formulated and calibrated using failure data from an existing engine fleet. The resulting calibrated model is used to quantify the influence of inspection on the probability of fracture of an actual military engine disk under real life loading conditions. The results can be applied to quantitative risk predictions of gas turbine engine components subjected to fretting fatigue. C1 [Enright, Michael P.; Chan, Kwai S.; Moody, Jonathan P.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Golden, Patrick J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chandra, Ramesh; Pentz, Alan C.] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Enright, MP (reprint author), SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. FU NAVAIR [EDO-08-SA-0021]; Air Force Research Laboratory/Major Shared Resource Center (AFRL/MSRC) FX This work was supported by NAVAIR under Agreement No. EDO-08-SA-0021. The authors wish to acknowledge Dr. Sam Naboulsi for performing the fine mesh finite element computations at the Air Force Research Laboratory/Major Shared Resource Center (AFRL/MSRC) at Wright-Patterson AFB. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 20 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2010 VL 132 IS 7 AR 072502 DI 10.1115/1.4000130 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 588NY UT WOS:000277079800010 ER PT J AU Hellum, AM Mukherjee, R Hull, AJ AF Hellum, A. M. Mukherjee, R. Hull, A. J. TI Dynamics of pipes conveying fluid with non-uniform turbulent and laminar velocity profiles SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Fluid-conveying pipe; Non-uniform velocity profile; Internal flow; Flutter; Instability; Laminar flow; Viscous flow ID STABILITY; TUBES AB Previous analytical work on stability of fluid-conveying pipes assumed a uniform velocity profile for the conveyed fluid. In real fluid flows, the presence of viscosity leads to a sheared region near the wall. Earlier studies correctly note that viscous forces do not affect the dynamics of the system since these forces are balanced by pressure drop in the conveyed fluid. Although viscous shear has not been ignored in these studies, a uniform velocity profile assumes that the sheared region is infinitely thin. Prior analysis was extended to account for a fully developed non-uniform profile such as would be encountered in real fluid flows. A modified, highly tractable equation of motion was derived, which includes a single additional parameter to account for the true momentum of the fluid. This empirical parameter was determined by numerical analysis over the Reynolds number range of interest. The stability of cantilever pipes conveying fluid with two types of non-uniform velocity profile was assessed. In the first case, the profile was a function of Reynolds number and transition to turbulence occurred before the onset of flutter instability. This case had stability properties similar to the uniform velocity case except in specific narrow regions of the parameter space. The second case required that the Reynolds number be such that the flow was always laminar. For this case, lower fluid velocity was required to achieve instability, and the oscillation frequency at instability was considerably lower over much of the parameter space, compared to the uniform case. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hellum, A. M.; Mukherjee, R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hull, A. J.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous & Def Syst Dept, Adv Acoust Syst Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Mukherjee, R (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 2555 Engn Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM hellumar@egr.msu.edu; mukherji@egr.msu.edu; andrew.hull@navy.mil RI Mukherjee, Ranjan/A-7518-2009 FU Office of Naval Research, ONR [N00014-08-1-0460] FX The support provided by the Office of Naval Research, ONR Grant no. N00014-08-1-0460, is gratefully acknowledged. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0889-9746 J9 J FLUID STRUCT JI J. Fluids Struct. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 26 IS 5 BP 804 EP 813 DI 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2010.05.001 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 652DV UT WOS:000281982500008 ER PT J AU Curti, F Romano, M Bevilacqua, R AF Curti, Fabio Romano, Marcello Bevilacqua, Riccardo TI Lyapunov-Based Thrusters' Selection for Spacecraft Control: Analysis and Experimentation SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; MOTION AB This paper introduces a method for spacecraft rotation and translation control by on off thrusters with guaranteed Lyapunov-stable tracking of linear dynamic models. In particular, the proposed control method switches on, at each time step, only those thrusters needed to maintain stability. Furthermore, the strategy allocates the configuration so that the minimum number of actuators is used. One of the benefits of the proposed method is that it substitutes both the thruster mapping and the pulse modulation algorithms typically used for real-time allocation of the firing thrusters and for determining the duration of the firing. The proposed approach reduces the computational burden of the onboard computer versus the use of classical thruster mapping algorithms, which typically involve iterative matrix operations. The paper presents analytical demonstrations, numerical simulations on a six-degree-of-freedom spacecraft, and experimental tests on a hardware-in-the-loop three-degree-of-freedom spacecraft simulator floating over air pads on a flat floor. The method proves to be effective and easy to implement in real time. C1 [Curti, Fabio] Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00184 Rome, Italy. [Romano, Marcello; Bevilacqua, Riccardo] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Curti, F (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00184 Rome, Italy. RI Romano, Marcello/C-7972-2013 FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award FX This research was performed while R. Bevilacqua was holding a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Spacecraft Robotics Laboratory of the Naval Postgraduate School. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1143 EP 1160 DI 10.2514/1.47296 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 625IT UT WOS:000279889400011 ER PT J AU Kajon, AE Lu, XY Erdman, DD Louie, J Schnurr, D St George, K Koopmans, MP Allibhai, T Metzgar, D AF Kajon, Adriana E. Lu, Xiaoyan Erdman, Dean D. Louie, Janice Schnurr, David St George, Kirsten Koopmans, Marion P. Allibhai, Taslim Metzgar, David TI Molecular Epidemiology and Brief History of Emerging Adenovirus 14-Associated Respiratory Disease in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MILITARY RECRUITS; CARE FACILITY; GENOME TYPES; SEROTYPE 14; OUTBREAK; INFECTION; ILLNESS; EMERGENCE; TYPE-3; PNEUMONIA AB Background. First isolated in the Netherlands in 1955 during an outbreak of acute respiratory disease (ARD) among military recruits, human adenovirus 14 (HAdV-14) has historically been considered rare. With no precedent of circulation in North America, HAdV-14 has been isolated from military and civilian cases of ARD of variable severity since 2003 in the United States. Methods. Ninety-nine isolates from military and civilian cases from different geographic locations and circulation periods were characterized by restriction enzyme analysis of viral DNA and select gene sequencing. Results. All examined viruses were found to be identical and to belong to a new genome type designated "HAdV-14p1" (formerly known as "14a"). Comparative alignments of E1A, hexon, and fiber gene sequences with other subspecies B2 HAdVs suggest that HAdV-14p1, like the closely related HAdV-11a, arose from recombination among similar HAdV-11 and HAdV-14 ancestral strains. A deletion of 2 amino acids in the knob region of the fiber protein is the only identified unique characteristic of HAdV-14p1. Conclusion. The current geographic distribution of HAdV-14p1 involves at least 15 states in the Unites States. The role of the fiber mutations in the recent emergence of HAdV-14p1 ARD in North America warrants further study. C1 [Kajon, Adriana E.] Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Program Infect Dis, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Lu, Xiaoyan; Erdman, Dean D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Louie, Janice; Schnurr, David] Publ Hlth Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Calif Dept Hlth, Richmond, CA USA. [Metzgar, David] USN, Dept Resp Dis Res, Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [St George, Kirsten] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12237 USA. [Allibhai, Taslim] USAF Lackland AF Base, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Koopmans, Marion P.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Kajon, AE (reprint author), Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Program Infect Dis, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM akajon@lrri.org RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 46 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 202 IS 1 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.1086/653083 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 605BM UT WOS:000278322300011 PM 20500088 ER PT J AU Birnbaum, AJ Wahl, KJ Auyeung, RCY Pique, A AF Birnbaum, A. J. Wahl, K. J. Auyeung, R. C. Y. Pique, A. TI Nanoporosity-induced effects on Ag-based metallic nano-inks for non-lithographic fabrication SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID LASER DIRECT-WRITE; THIN-FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; INKJET; MICROSTRUCTURE; NANOPARTICLE; TRANSISTORS; ELECTRODES; POLYMERS AB The mechanical response of a thermally cured Ag nano-ink comprising silver nanoparticles of 3-7 nm diameter was evaluated and compared to a fully dense electron-beam-evaporated Ag film. Curing the nano-ink for 60 min at 250 degrees C resulted in a 78% dense structure. Nanoindentation of the partially dense nano-ink yielded Young's modulus, E(np) = 54.8 +/- 2.2 GPa, consistent with theoretical models predicting the modulus of metallic foams and hardness of H = 1.37 +/- 0.08 GPa. Cross-sectional analysis of individual indents was also performed via focused ion beam milling. C1 [Birnbaum, A. J.; Auyeung, R. C. Y.; Pique, A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wahl, K. J.] USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Birnbaum, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6364, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM birnbaum@anvil.nrl.navy.mil OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 20 IS 7 AR 077002 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/20/7/077002 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 617DG UT WOS:000279260400044 ER PT J AU Hsieh, WWS AF Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang TI America's Civil War: The Operational Battlefield, 1861-1863 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hsieh, WWS (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 74 IS 3 BP 929 EP 930 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 623NA UT WOS:000279746500025 ER PT J AU Porch, D AF Porch, Douglas TI From El Billar to Operations Fenix and Jaque: The Colombian Security Force Experience, 1998-2008 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Porch, Douglas] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Porch, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 74 IS 3 BP 987 EP 988 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 623NA UT WOS:000279746500068 ER PT J AU Miller, PE Lazarus, P Lesko, SM Muscat, JE Harper, G Cross, AJ Sinha, R Ryczak, K Escobar, G Mauger, DT Hartman, TJ AF Miller, Paige E. Lazarus, Philip Lesko, Samuel M. Muscat, Joshua E. Harper, Gregory Cross, Amanda J. Sinha, Rashmi Ryczak, Karen Escobar, Gladys Mauger, David T. Hartman, Terryl J. TI Diet Index-Based and Empirically Derived Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Colorectal Cancer Risk SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID HEALTHY EATING INDEX-2005; COLON-CANCER; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; ENERGY-INTAKE; WOMEN; QUALITY; ADENOMA; MEN; VALIDATION; GUIDELINES AB Previous studies have derived patterns by measuring compliance with preestablished dietary guidance or empirical methods, such as principal components analysis (PCA). Our objective was to examine colorectal cancer risk associated with patterns identified by both methods. The study included 431 incident colorectal cancer cases (225 men, 206 women) and 726 healthy controls (330 men, 396 women) participating in a population-based, case-control study. PCA identified sex-specific dietary patterns and the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-05) assessed adherence to the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. A fruits and vegetables pattern and a meat, potatoes, and refined grains pattern were identified among men and women; a third pattern (alcohol and sweetened beverages) was identified in men. The fruits and vegetables pattern was inversely associated with risk among men [odds ratio (OR) = 0.38, 95% Cl = 0.21-0.69 for the highest compared with the lowest quartile] and women (OR = 0.35, 95% Cl = 0.19-0.65). The meat, potatoes, and refined grains pattern was positively associated with risk in women (OR = 2.20, 95% Cl = 1.08-4.50) and there was a suggestion of a positive association among men (OR = 1.56, 95% Cl = 0.84-2.90; P-trend = 0.070). Men and women with greater HE)05 scores had a significantly reduced risk of colorectal cancer (OR = 0.56, 95% Cl = 0.31-0.99; OR = 0.44, 95% Cl = 0.24-0.77, respectively). Following the Dietary Guidelines or a dietary pattern lower in meat, potatoes, high fat, and refined foods and higher in fruits and vegetables may reduce colorectal cancer risk. J. Nutr. 140: 1267-1273, 2010. C1 [Miller, Paige E.; Hartman, Terryl J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lazarus, Philip] Penn State Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol, Hershey, PA 17078 USA. [Lazarus, Philip; Muscat, Joshua E.; Escobar, Gladys; Mauger, David T.] Penn State Coll Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Hershey, PA 17078 USA. [Lazarus, Philip; Lesko, Samuel M.; Muscat, Joshua E.; Harper, Gregory; Hartman, Terryl J.] Penn State Hershey Canc Inst, Canc Prevent & Control Program, Hershey, PA 17078 USA. [Lesko, Samuel M.] NE Reg Canc Inst, Scranton, PA 18510 USA. [Harper, Gregory; Ryczak, Karen] Lehigh Valley Hosp, Dept Med, Allentown, PA 18103 USA. [Cross, Amanda J.; Sinha, Rashmi] USN Hosp, NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Miller, PE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM pem136@psu.edu RI Sinha, Rashmi/G-7446-2015 OI Sinha, Rashmi/0000-0002-2466-7462 FU Pennsylvania Department of Health [4100038714] FX Supported by the Pennsylvania Department of Health Grant number 4100038714. NR 42 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 140 IS 7 BP 1267 EP 1273 DI 10.3945/jn.110.121780 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 613IW UT WOS:000278973600010 PM 20444952 ER PT J AU Garsany, Y Epshteyn, A Purdy, AP More, KL Swider-Lyons, KE AF Garsany, Yannick Epshteyn, Albert Purdy, Andrew P. More, Karren L. Swider-Lyons, Karen E. TI High-Activity, Durable Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst: Nanoscale Composite of Platinum-Tantalum Oxyphosphate on Vulcan Carbon SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FUEL-CELLS; CATALYSTS; PEMFCS; ALLOY; PT/C; STABILITY; MOOX AB A new oxygen reduction electrocatalyst for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is synthesized by dispersing nanoscale Pt on a nanoscale tantalum oxyphosphate phase on a Vulcan carbon support, designated as Pt/[TaOPO4/VC]. Electrocatalytic activity is measured by the thin-film rotating disk electrode methodology in 0.1 M HClO4 electrolyte. The Pd[TaOPO4/VC] electrocatalyst has a high mass-specific activity of 0.46 A mg(Pt)(-1) compared to 0.20 A mg(Pt)(-1) for a Pt/Vulcan carbon standard and has met the 2015 DOE goal of 0.44 A mg(Pt)(-1). This tantalum-containing electrocatalyst is twice as durable as the standard Pt/carbon in terms of its loss of Pt electrochemical surface area after aggressive electrochemical cycling. C1 [Garsany, Yannick; Epshteyn, Albert; Purdy, Andrew P.; Swider-Lyons, Karen E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Garsany, Yannick] EXCET INC, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [More, Karren L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Garsany, Y (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yannick.garsany@nrl.navy.mil RI More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 FU Office of Naval Research; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Dept. of Energy FX The authors thank the Office of Naval Research for financial support. The authors also acknowledge Dr. Stephen Campbell (AFFC) for technical discussions. Microscopy conducted in ORNL's Share User Facility, which is sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Dept. of Energy. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 1 IS 13 BP 1977 EP 1981 DI 10.1021/jz100681g PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 620OC UT WOS:000279508200015 ER PT J AU Wang, X Lau, KC Turner, CH Dunlap, BI AF Wang, Xian Lau, Kah Chun Turner, C. Heath Dunlap, Brett I. TI Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of the elementary electrochemistry in a hydrogen-powered solid oxide fuel cell SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC); Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC); Elementary electrochemistry; Cathode reaction; Anode reaction ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; PT(111) SURFACE; OXYGEN; ADSORPTION; SYSTEM; YSZ; ELECTROLYTES; DIFFUSION; IMPEDANCE; OXIDATION AB A hydrogen-powered solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), with a Pt cathode and a Ni anode, is modeled with a kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation technique. A series of reversible elementary steps are adopted from experiments and theories for simulating the oxygen reduction reaction near the cathode-electrolyte interface and the hydrogen-oxidation mechanism near the anode-electrolyte interface. By studying the change in the ionic current density, the sensitivity of the kinetic parameters is analyzed, and the influence of various operating conditions and different material properties are also explored. The results show that the dominant elementary process is the oxygen incorporation into the yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte at the cathode. Increasing the applied bias voltage, operating temperature, and relative permittivity of the YSZ, but reducing the thickness of the YSZ enhance the ionic current density and improve the efficiency of the SOFC. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Xian; Turner, C. Heath] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Lau, Kah Chun] George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Dunlap, Brett I.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Turner, CH (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Box 870203, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM hturner@eng.ua.edu RI Lau, Kah Chun/A-9348-2013; OI Lau, Kah Chun/0000-0002-4925-3397; Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 FU Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory FX The Office of Naval Research directly and through the Naval Research Laboratory supported this research. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 195 IS 13 SI SI BP 4177 EP 4184 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.12.130 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 584PL UT WOS:000276764600031 ER PT J AU Kaplan, CR Bernhardt, PA AF Kaplan, Carolyn R. Bernhardt, Paul A. TI Effect of an Altitude-Dependent Background Atmosphere on Shuttle Plumes SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; SPACE-SHUTTLE; INCOHERENT-SCATTER; IONOSPHERE; EXHAUST; MODEL C1 [Kaplan, Carolyn R.] USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bernhardt, Paul A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kaplan, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Code 6410, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research through Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Office of Naval Research through Naval Research Laboratory 6 2 funds NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 47 IS 4 BP 700 EP 704 DI 10.2514/1.47339 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 640AM UT WOS:000281019200019 ER PT J AU Oba, RM AF Oba, Roger M. TI Global boundary flattening transforms for acoustic propagation under rough sea surfaces SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE acoustic field; acoustic wave propagation; Helmholtz equations ID PARABOLIC WAVE-EQUATION; INTEGRAL-EQUATION; SCATTERING; TERRAIN AB This paper introduces a conformal transform of an acoustic domain under a one-dimensional, rough sea surface onto a domain with a flat top. This non-perturbative transform can include many hundreds of wavelengths of the surface variation. The resulting two-dimensional, flat-topped domain allows direct application of any existing, acoustic propagation model of the Helmholtz or wave equation using transformed sound speeds. Such a transform-model combination applies where the surface particle velocity is much slower than sound speed, such that the boundary motion can be neglected. Once the acoustic field is computed, the bijective (one-to-one and onto) mapping permits the field interpolation in terms of the original coordinates. The Bergstroumlm method for inverse Riemann maps determines the transform by iterated solution of an integral equation for a surface matching term. Rough sea surface forward scatter test cases provide verification of the method using a particular parabolic equation model of the Helmholtz equation. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3445783] C1 USN, Acoust Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Oba, RM (reprint author), USN, Acoust Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX The author wishes to thank Eric Thorsos and Richard Evans for their data for test case I, and Richard Keiffer for integral method code. This work was supported by funding from the Office of Naval Research. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 128 IS 1 BP 39 EP 49 DI 10.1121/1.3445783 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 626WV UT WOS:000279999700018 PM 20649199 ER PT J AU Eckermann, SD Lindeman, J Broutman, D Ma, J Boybeyi, Z AF Eckermann, Stephen D. Lindeman, John Broutman, Dave Ma, Jun Boybeyi, Zafer TI Momentum Fluxes of Gravity Waves Generated by Variable Froude Number Flow over Three-Dimensional Obstacles SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STRONGLY STRATIFIED FLOW; OFFICE UNIFIED MODEL; MOUNTAIN WAVES; HYDROSTATIC FLOW; OROGRAPHIC DRAG; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; ANISOTROPIC OROGRAPHY; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; NONLINEAR FLOW; FOURIER METHOD AB Fully nonlinear mesoscale model simulations are used to investigate the momentum fluxes of gravity waves that emerge at a "far-field" height of 6 km from steady unsheared flow over both an axisymmetric and elliptical obstacle for nondimensional mountain heights (h) over cap (m) = Fr(-1) in the range 0.1-5, where Fr is the surface Froude number. Fourier- and Hilbert-transform diagnostics of model output yield local estimates of phase-averaged momentum flux, while area integrals of momentum flux quantify the amount of surface pressure drag that translates into far-field gravity waves, referred to here as the "wave drag" component. Estimates of surface and wave drag are compared to parameterization predictions and theory. Surface dynamics transition from linear to high-drag (wave breaking) states at critical inverse Froude numbers Fr(c)(-1) predicted to within 10% by transform relations. Wave drag peaks at Fr(c)(-1) < <(h)over cap>(m) less than or similar to 2, where for the elliptical obstacle both surface and wave drag vacillate owing to cyclical buildup and breakdown of waves. For the axisymmetric obstacle, this occurs only at (h) over cap (m) = 1.2. At (h) over cap (m) greater than or similar to 2-3 vacillation abates and normalized pressure drag assumes a common normalized form for both obstacles that varies approximately as (h) over cap (-1.3)(m). Wave drag in this range asymptotes to a constant absolute value that, despite its theoretical shortcomings, is predicted to within 10%-40% by an analytical relation based on linear clipped-obstacle drag for a Sheppard-based prediction of dividing streamline height. Constant wave drag at (h) over cap (m) similar to 2-5 arises despite large variations with (h) over cap (m) in the three-dimensional morphology of the local wave momentum fluxes. Specific implications of these results for the parameterization of subgrid-scale orographic drag in global climate and weather models are discussed. C1 [Eckermann, Stephen D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lindeman, John; Boybeyi, Zafer] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Broutman, Dave; Ma, Jun] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. RP Eckermann, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7646,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stephen.eckermann@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory; NASA [NNTG06HM19I]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0435789, ATM-0448888] FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research's base 6.1 research program at the Naval Research Laboratory, by NASA GMAP Contract NNTG06HM19I, and by the National Science Foundation through Grants ATM-0435789 (DB) and ATM-0448888 (JL). NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 67 IS 7 BP 2260 EP 2278 DI 10.1175/2010JAS3375.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 631JK UT WOS:000280342500009 ER PT J AU Jiang, QF Doyle, JD Grubisic, V Smith, RB AF Jiang, Qingfang Doyle, James D. Grubisic, Vanda Smith, Ronald B. TI Turbulence Characteristics in an Elevated Shear Layer over Owens Valley SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ BILLOWS; ROTOR EXPERIMENT; WAVELET ANALYSIS; MOUNTAIN WAVE; GRAVITY-WAVES; AIRCRAFT; FLOW; STRATOSPHERE; EVOLUTION; BREAKING AB Characteristics of turbulence in the lower and middle troposphere over Owens Valley have been examined using aircraft in situ measurements obtained from the Terrain-Induced Rotor Experiment. The two events analyzed in this study are characterized by a deep turbulent layer from the valley floor up to the midtroposphere associated with the interaction between trapped waves and an elevated shear layer. Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability develops above the mountaintop level and often along the wave crests where the Richardson number is reduced. The turbulence induced by KH instability is characterized by a progressive downscale energy cascade, a well-defined inertial subrange up to 1 km, and large eddies with vertical to horizontal aspect ratios less than unity. The turbulence below the mountaintop level is largely shear induced, associated with wave steepening and breaking, and is more isotropic. Evaluation of structure functions indicates that while the turbulence energy cascade is predominately downscale, upscale energy transfer exists with horizontal scales from a few hundred meters to a few kilometers because of the transient energy dispersion of large eddies generated by KH instability and gravity wave steepening or breaking. C1 [Jiang, Qingfang] UCAR, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Doyle, James D.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Grubisic, Vanda] Univ Vienna, Dept Meteorol & Geophys, Vienna, Austria. [Smith, Ronald B.] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT USA. RP Jiang, QF (reprint author), UCAR, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jiang@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [0601153N]; NSF [ATM-0524891, ATM-0531212] FX The primary sponsor of T-REX is the U. S. National Science Foundation. The authors want to thank University of Wyoming King-Air flight staff and Dr. Larry Armi at Scripps Institution of Oceanography for their contributions to King-Air data collection. The first and second authors acknowledge support through Office of Naval Research Program Element 0601153N. V. Grubisic and R. B. Smith were supported by NSF through Grants ATM-0524891 and ATM-0531212, respectively. The first author has greatly benefited from discussions with Drs. Shouping Wang at the Naval Research Laboratory, Larry Oolman at University of Wyoming, Qing Wang from the Naval Postgraduate School, and Larry O'Neill from the National Research Council. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 67 IS 7 BP 2355 EP 2371 DI 10.1175/2010JAS3156.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 631JK UT WOS:000280342500016 ER PT J AU Larabee, MD AF Larabee, Mark D. TI Baedekers as Casualty: Great War Nationalism and the Fate of Travel Writing SO JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF IDEAS LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Larabee, MD (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PI PHILADELPHIA PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 3905 SPRUCE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA SN 0022-5037 J9 J HIST IDEAS JI J. Hist. Ideas PD JUL PY 2010 VL 71 IS 3 BP 457 EP 480 PG 24 WC Ethics; History; Philosophy SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; History; Philosophy GA 627SJ UT WOS:000280062500006 ER PT J AU Borut, LTJ Acosta, JA Tadlock, M Dye, JL Galarneau, M Elshire, D AF Borut, L. T. Jeffrey Acosta, Jose A. Tadlock, Matthew Dye, Judy L. Galarneau, Michael Elshire, Donnel TI The Use of Temporary Vascular Shunts in Military Extremity Wounds: A Preliminary Outcome Analysis With 2-Year Follow-Up SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE Temporary vascular shunt; Limb salvage; Extremity vascular injury ID INTRALUMINAL ARTERIAL SHUNTS; SYSTEMIC ANTICOAGULATION; PROLONGED USE; MANAGEMENT; INJURIES; TRAUMA; ADJUNCT; REPAIR AB Background: The use of temporary vascular shunts (TVS)s in the management of wartime extremity vascular injuries has received an increasing amount of attention. However, the overall impact of this adjunct remains incompletely defined. The objective of this study is to characterize outcomes of those patients who suffered wartime extremity vascular injuries managed with TVSs. Methods: This is a retrospective review of the Navy and Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry examining peripheral vascular injuries treated during the military conflicts in the Middle East. Patient demographics, injury severity score, mechanism of injury, and vessels injured were recorded. Operative reports were reviewed for use of TVSs, type of definitive repair, the need for amputation, and survival. Results: Eighty patients were included. Forty-six (57%) had TVSs placed and 34 (43%) underwent repair at initial presentation. The mean injury severity score for the TVS group and the non-TVS groups were 15.0 +/- 5.05 and 12.9 +/- 10.18, respectively, (p = 0.229). There were a total of 13 amputations, 6 (13%) in the TVS group and 7 (21%) in the non-TVS group (p = 0.38). There was no difference in amputation rates between either group. There were no recorded mortalities in either group. Median patient follow-up was 24.5 months (range, 3-48 months). Conclusions: This study demonstrates the importance and utility of TVSs in the management of wartime extremity vascular injury. When used to restore perfusion to an injured extremity, there seems to be no adverse effects or overall increase in limb loss rates and therefore a useful adjunct in the surgery for limb salvage. C1 [Borut, L. T. Jeffrey] USN, Dept Gen Surg, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Dye, Judy L.; Galarneau, Michael] USN, Res Ctr, Naval Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Borut, LTJ (reprint author), USN, Dept Gen Surg, San Diego Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM jeffborut@hotmail.com NR 26 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUL PY 2010 VL 69 IS 1 BP 174 EP 178 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181e03e71 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 627AQ UT WOS:000280010600027 PM 20622589 ER PT J AU Hospenthal, DR Crouch, HK English, JF Leach, F Pool, J Conger, NG Whitman, TJ Wortmann, GW Murray, CK Cordts, PR Gamble, WB AF Hospenthal, Duane R. Crouch, Helen K. English, Judith F. Leach, Fluryanne Pool, Jane Conger, Nicholas G. Whitman, Timothy J. Wortmann, Glenn W. Murray, Clinton K. Cordts, Paul R. Gamble, W. Bryan TI Response to Infection Control Challenges in the Deployed Setting: Operations Iraqi and Enduring Freedom SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE Infection prevention and control; Infection; Military; Combat; Trauma ID US ARMY SOLDIERS; ACINETOBACTER-BAUMANNII; COLONIZATION; CASUALTIES; RECOVERY; OUTBREAK; TRAUMA AB Background: Infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), including Acinetobacter, have complicated the care of military personnel injured in Operations Iraqi and Enduring Freedom. Cumulative data suggest that nosocomial transmission of MDROs in deployed medical treatment facilities (MTFs) has contributed to these infections. A 2008 review of deployed MTFs identified multiple factors impeding the performance of infection prevention and control (IC) practices. In response, efforts to emphasize IC basics, improve expertise, and better track MDRO colonization were pursued. Methods: Efforts to increase awareness and enhance IC in deployed MTFs were focused on educating leaders and deploying personnel, producing deployed IC resources, and standardizing level IV and V admission screening for MDRO colonization. A repeat mission in 2009 reviewed interval progress. Results: Increased awareness and the need for emphasis on basic IC practice, including hand hygiene, use of transmission-based (isolation) precautions, and cohorting of patients, were imparted to leaders and deploying personnel through briefings, presentations, and an All Army Activities message. Enhancement of IC expertise was implemented through increased standardization of IC practice, establishment of a predeployment IC short course, an IC teleconsultation service, and dedicated Internet resources. Standardization of admission colonization screening of personnel evacuated from the combat theater was established to better define and respond to the MDRO problem. A repeat review of the deployed MTFs found overall improvement in IC practice, including clear command emphasis in the Iraqi theater of operations. Conclusions: Maintaining a strong IC effort in the deployed setting, even in a stabilized operational environment, is difficult. Use of innovative strategies to enhance expertise and practice were implemented to reduce MDRO infections. C1 [Hospenthal, Duane R.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, MCHE MDI, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Crouch, Helen K.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Control Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Hospenthal, Duane R.; Wortmann, Glenn W.; Murray, Clinton K.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [English, Judith F.] USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC USA. [Leach, Fluryanne] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Control Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Wortmann, Glenn W.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Pool, Jane] Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Infect Control Div, Ramstein AFB, Germany. [Conger, Nicholas G.] Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Ramstein AFB, Germany. [Cordts, Paul R.] USA, Hlth Policy Serv, Off Surg Gen, Falls Church, VA USA. [Whitman, Timothy J.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD USA. [Gamble, W. Bryan] US Cent Command, Command Surg Off, MacDill AFB, FL USA. RP Hospenthal, DR (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, MCHE MDI, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM duane.hospenthal@amedd.army.mil NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUL PY 2010 VL 69 SU 1 BP S94 EP S101 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181e44b3f PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 627AC UT WOS:000280009000015 PM 20622627 ER PT J AU Freeman, RJ Mancuso, JD Riddle, MS Keep, LW AF Freeman, Randall J. Mancuso, James D. Riddle, Mark S. Keep, Lisa W. TI Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of TST Conversion Risk in Deployed Military and Long-Term Civilian Travelers SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TUBERCULIN SKIN-TEST; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTION; AREAS; PREVALENCE; BURDEN; ARMY AB Methods. We performed a systematic review to acquire all published and unpublished data on TST conversion in long-term civilian and military travelers from 1990 to June 2008. Point estimates and confidence intervals (CIs) of the incidence of TST conversion were combined in a random effects model and assessed for heterogeneity. Results. The cumulative risk with CI for LTBI as measured by TST conversion was 2.0% (99% CI: 1.6%-2.4%). There was a marked heterogeneity (chi 2 heterogeneity statistic, p < 0.0001) which could not be explained by evaluable study characteristics. When stratifying by military and civilian studies, the cumulative risk estimate was 2.0% (99% CI: 1.6-2.4) for military and 2.3% (99% CI: 2.1-2.5) for civilian studies. Conclusion. The overall cumulative incidence of 2.0% is what could be expected to occur among the local population in many developing-country settings, though TST conversion likely overestimates the risk of TB infection because of the low positive predictive value (PPV) of the TST in low-prevalence populations such as travelers. To maximize the PPV of a screening test for LTBI, a targeted testing strategy for long-term military and civilian travelers is recommended, based on exposures known to increase the risk of TB. Studies to better define higher risk groups, activities, and locations are needed. C1 [Freeman, Randall J.; Mancuso, James D.; Keep, Lisa W.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Freeman, Randall J.; Mancuso, James D.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Riddle, Mark S.] USN, Enter Dis Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Freeman, RJ (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM Randall.Freeman@AMEDD.ARMY.MIL RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011 NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 17 IS 4 BP 233 EP 242 DI 10.1111/j.1708-8305.2010.00424.x PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 619SE UT WOS:000279449800004 PM 20636596 ER PT J AU Park, SY Di Giacomo, SJ Anisha, R Berger, PR Thompson, PE Adesida, I AF Park, Si-Young Di Giacomo, Sandro J. Anisha, R. Berger, Paul R. Thompson, Phillip E. Adesida, Ilesanmi TI Fabrication of nanowires with high aspect ratios utilized by dry etching with SF(6):C(4)F(8) and self-limiting thermal oxidation on Si substrate SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID SILICON; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; DAMAGE; NANORODS; ATOMS; ZNO AB Si-based nanowires with high aspect ratios have been fabricated using an inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) with a continuous processing gas mixture of fluorine-based SF(6):C(4)F(8) combined with a thermal oxidation technique. The subsequent thermal oxidation further reduced the nanowire diameter utilizing the self-limiting oxidation effect below the lithographic dimensions. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of the completed nanostructures revealed the total oxide thickness and the consumption of the Si core which determines the inner nanowire diameter. The final dimensions of the inner Si nanowire are about 600 nm tall and less than 25 nm wide using top-down processing techniques. (C) 2010 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3455498] C1 [Park, Si-Young; Di Giacomo, Sandro J.; Anisha, R.; Berger, Paul R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Thompson, Phillip E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Adesida, Ilesanmi] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Berger, Paul R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Berger, PR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM pberger@ieee.org RI Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014 OI Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349 FU National Science Foundation; Office of Naval Research FX The work at Ohio State was supported by the National Science Foundation. The work at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The authors wish to thank Henk Colijn of Campus Electron Optics Facility (CEOF) at The Ohio State University (OSU) for providing valuable TEM images. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL PY 2010 VL 28 IS 4 BP 763 EP 768 DI 10.1116/1.3455498 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 640AP UT WOS:000281019500019 ER PT J AU Thoma, GR Ford, G Antani, S Demner-Fushman, D Chung, M Simpson, M AF Thoma, George R. Ford, Glenn Antani, Sameer Demner-Fushman, Dina Chung, Michael Simpson, Matthew TI Interactive publication: The document as a research tool SO JOURNAL OF WEB SEMANTICS LA English DT Article DE Interactive publication; Multimedia; Visualization tool; Authoring tool; Clinical images; DICOM; Medical video AB The increasing prevalence of multimedia and research data generated by scientific work affords an opportunity to reformulate the idea of a scientific article from the traditional static document, or even one with links to supplemental material in remote databases, to a self-contained, multimedia-rich interactive publication. This paper describes our concept of such a document, and the design of tools for authoring (Forge) and visualization/analysis (Panorama). They are platform-independent applications written in Java, and developed in Eclipse(1) using its Rich Client Platform (RCP) framework. Both applications operate on PDF files with links to XML files that de. ne the media type, location, and action to be performed. We also briefly cite the challenges posed by the potentially large size of interactive publications, the need for evaluating their value to improved comprehension and learning, and the need for their long-term preservation by the National Library of Medicine and other libraries. Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 [Thoma, George R.; Ford, Glenn; Antani, Sameer; Demner-Fushman, Dina; Chung, Michael; Simpson, Matthew] USN, Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Antani, S (reprint author), USN, Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. EM santani@mail.nih.gov OI Antani, Sameer/0000-0002-0040-1387 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Library of Medicine (NLM); Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) FX This research is supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Library of Medicine (NLM), and Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC). NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-8268 J9 J WEB SEMANT JI J. Web Semant. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 8 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 145 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.websem.2010.04.001 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 620WP UT WOS:000279532700006 ER PT J AU Ezenwa, VO Hines, AM Archie, EA Hoberg, EP Asmundsson, IM Hogg, JT AF Ezenwa, Vanessa O. Hines, Alicia M. Archie, Elizabeth A. Hoberg, Eric P. Asmundsson, Ingrid M. Hogg, John T. TI Muellerius capillaris Dominates the Lungworm Community of Bighorn Sheep at the National Bison Range, Montana SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bighorn sheep; lungworms; Muellerius capillaris; Ovis canadensis; Pratostrongylus ID PARELAPHOSTRONGYLUS-ODOCOILEI; NORTH-AMERICA; NEMATODA; LARVAE; PROTOSTRONGYLIDAE; OREGON; FECES AB Lungworm infections are common among bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) North America, and the predominant species reported are Protostrongylus stilest and P rushi The only records of another lungworm species, Muellerius capillaris, infecting bighorns come from South Dakota, USA At the National Bison Range (NBR), Montana, USA we found that across six sampling periods, 100% of wild bighorn sheep surveyed were passing first-stage dorsal-spined larvae (DSL) which appeared to be consistent with M capillaris By contrast, only 39% or fewer sheep were passing Protostrongylus larvae. Using molecular techniques, we positively identified the DSL from the NBR bighorns as M capillaris This is the first definitive record of M capillaris infection in a free-ranging bighorn sheep population outside of South Dakota C1 [Ezenwa, Vanessa O.; Hines, Alicia M.; Archie, Elizabeth A.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Hoberg, Eric P.; Asmundsson, Ingrid M.] ARS, USN, Parasite Collect & Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hogg, John T.] Montana Conservat Sci Inst, Missoula, MT 59803 USA. RP Ezenwa, VO (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. FU Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana FX We thank the National Bison Range for permission to conduct research. and Stefan Ekernas, Bree Hogg, Mike Dacey, Morgan Anderson, Lila Tauzer, Kei Yasuda, Zea Walton, Charlie Henderson, Carson Lindbeck, Vicky Zero, and Wesley Sarmento for assistance collecting and processing samples This work was funded by the Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, and stimulated in part by collaborations generated through a University of Montana Project PACE Award to V.O.E. A.M.H was supported by an HHMI MILES Undergraduate Fellowship and a Davidson's Honors College Watkin's Research Award NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 46 IS 3 BP 988 EP 993 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 635XE UT WOS:000280690400038 PM 20688711 ER PT J AU Regan, TD Uebelhoer, NS Satter, E Ross, EV AF Regan, Thomas D. Uebelhoer, Nathan S. Satter, Elizabeth Ross, E. Victor TI Depth of Tissue Ablation and Residual Thermal Damage Caused by a Pixilated 2,940 nm Laser in a Swine Skin Model SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Er:YAG; laser; fractional photothermolysis; ablation; 2,940 nm ID FRACTIONAL PHOTOTHERMOLYSIS; SCARS; RATES; ER AB Background/Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of fluence, pulse stacking, and multiple passes on the depth of injury caused by a fractionated Er:YAG laser in an in vivo farm pig model. Design/Material/Methods: A fractionated 2,940nm Er:YAG laser (Pixel, Alma Lasers, Caesarea, Israel) was applied to the flank skin of a Yorkshire cross pig. The 11 mm x 11 mm handpiece was comprised of either 49 or 81 microbeams (200 pm diameter), depending on the tip configuration. There were six different parameter sets divided according to total energy per pulse (150, 285, and 500 mJ) and tip type (81 or 49 microbeams per 11 mm x 11 mm macrospot). Each of these six groups was subdivided according to number of stacked pulses (1, 3, and 6) and number of passes (1, 3, and 6). This resulted in a total of 36 treatment parameters. Results: With the 49 microbeam configuration, a single pulse resulted in partial epidermal ablation at 150 mJ, complete epidermal ablation at 285 mJ and partial dermal ablation at 500 mJ to a depth of 90 pm. Stacking the pulses resulted in a significant increase in ablation with each fluence with the maximal depth of ablation measured at 140 pm after six stacked pulses at 500 mJ. Increasing the number of passes did not result in a significant increase in ablative depth, but did create a larger surface area of ablation. Residual thermal damage (RTD) was minimal and remained between 10 and 20 mu m. Conclusions: The fractionated Er:YAG laser exhibited some of the same tissue interactions as its fully ablative counterparts. An increase in fluence resulted in an increase in ablative depth with minimal RTD. Additionally, RTD was unaffected by pulse stacking or by additional passes. Differences were that pulse stacking appeared to yield a more rapid decrease in ablation efficiency and additional passes did not seem to increase the depth of ablation. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:408-411, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Regan, Thomas D.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Uebelhoer, Nathan S.; Satter, Elizabeth] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Ross, E. Victor] Scripps Clin Carmel Valley, San Diego, CA USA. RP Regan, TD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 2200 Bergquist Dr Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM thomas.regan2@us.army.mil NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 42 IS 5 BP 408 EP 411 DI 10.1002/lsm.20929 PG 4 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 618EO UT WOS:000279334500008 PM 20583246 ER PT J AU Eickstedt, DP Sideleau, SR AF Eickstedt, Donald P. Sideleau, Scott R. TI The Backseat Control Architecture for Autonomous Robotic Vehicles: A Case Study with the Iver2 AUV SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV); Marine robotics; Autonomy AB In this paper, an innovative hybrid control architecture for real-time control of autonomous robotic vehicles is described as well as its implementation on a commercially available autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). This architecture has two major components, a behavior-based intelligent autonomous controller and an interface to a classical dynamic controller that is responsible for real-time dynamic control of the vehicle given the decisions of the intelligent controller over the decision state space (e.g., vehicle course, speed, and depth). The driving force behind the development of this architecture was a desire to make autonomy software development for underwater vehicles independent from the dynamic control specifics of any given vehicle. The resulting software portability allows significant code reuse and frees autonomy software developers from being tied to a particular vehicle manufacturer's autonomy software and support as long as the vehicle supports the required interface between the intelligent controller and the dynamic controller. This paper will describe in detail the components of the backseat driver architecture as implemented on the Iver2 underwater vehicle, provide several examples of its use, and discuss the future direction of the architecture. C1 [Eickstedt, Donald P.; Sideleau, Scott R.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI USA. RP Eickstedt, DP (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI USA. EM donald.eickstedt@navy.mil; scott.sideleau@navy.mil RI Eickstedt, Donald/B-5018-2010 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 44 IS 4 BP 42 EP 54 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 646KB UT WOS:000281537600005 ER PT J AU Berger, EL Lauretta, DS Zega, TJ Keller, LP AF Berger, E. L. Lauretta, D. S. Zega, T. J. Keller, L. P. TI STARDUST AND CI-CHONDRITE SULFIDES: EVIDENCE FOR PARENT BODY AQUEOUS PROCESSING SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 73rd Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2010 CL New York, NY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Berger, E. L.; Lauretta, D. S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Zega, T. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Keller, L. P.] Johnson Space Ctr, ARES, Robert M Walker Lab Space Sci, Houston, TX 77573 USA. EM elberger@lpl.arizona.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 45 SU S BP A14 EP A14 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 633DC UT WOS:000280478700020 ER PT J AU De Gregorio, BT Stroud, RM Nittler, LR Cody, GD Alexander, MO Herd, CDK AF De Gregorio, B. T. Stroud, R. M. Nittler, L. R. Cody, G. D. Alexander, M. O'D. Herd, C. D. K. TI ISOTOPIC AND CHEMICAL VARIATIONS ON THE NANOSCALE OF DISTINCT LITHOLOGIES FROM THE TAGISH LAKE METEORITE SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 73rd Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2010 CL New York, NY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [De Gregorio, B. T.; Stroud, R. M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nittler, L. R.; Cody, G. D.; Alexander, M. O'D.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Herd, C. D. K.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. EM brad.degregorio@gmail.com RI De Gregorio, Bradley/B-8465-2008 OI De Gregorio, Bradley/0000-0001-9096-3545 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 45 SU S BP A69 EP A69 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 633DC UT WOS:000280478700129 ER PT J AU Stroud, RM Chisholm, MF Alexander, CMO Heck, PR AF Stroud, R. M. Chisholm, M. F. Alexander, C. M. O'D. Heck, P. R. TI SPATIALLY RESOLVED SP2 AND SP3 CARBON IN NANODIAMOND RESIDUES FROM THE ALLENDE AND MURCHISON METEORITES SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 73rd Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2010 CL New York, NY SP Meteorit Soc ID DIAMONDS C1 [Stroud, R. M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Chisholm, M. F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Alexander, C. M. O'D.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Heck, P. R.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. EM stroud@nrl.navy.mil RI Heck, Philipp/C-6092-2012 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 45 SU S BP A198 EP A198 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 633DC UT WOS:000280478700385 ER PT J AU Zega, TJ Simon, SB Grossman, L AF Zega, T. J. Simon, S. B. Grossman, L. TI MICROSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF A WARK-LOVERING RIM AROUND AN ALLENDE CAIMICROSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF A WARK-LOVERING RIM AROUND AN ALLENDE CAI SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 73rd Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2010 CL New York, NY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Zega, T. J.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Simon, S. B.; Grossman, L.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM tzega@nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 45 SU S BP A223 EP A223 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 633DC UT WOS:000280478700432 ER PT J AU Stojadinovic, A Elster, E Potter, BK Davis, TA Tadaki, DK Brown, TS Ahlers, S Attinger, CE Andersen, RC Burris, D Centeno, J Champion, H Crumbley, DR Denobile, J Duga, M Dunne, JR Eberhardt, J Ennis, WJ Forsberg, JA Hawksworth, J Helling, TS Lazarus, GS Milner, SM Mullick, FG Owner, CR Pasquina, PF Patel, CR Peoples, GE Nissan, A Ring, M Sandberg, GD Schaden, W Schultz, GS Scofield, T Shawen, SB Sheppard, FR Stannard, JP Weina, PJ Zenilman, JM AF Stojadinovic, Alexander Elster, Eric Potter, Benjamin K. Davis, Thomas A. Tadaki, Doug K. Brown, Trevor S. Ahlers, Stephen Attinger, Christopher E. Andersen, Romney C. Burris, David Centeno, Jose Champion, Hunter Crumbley, David R. Denobile, John Duga, Michael Dunne, James R. Eberhardt, John Ennis, William J. Forsberg, Jonathan A. Hawksworth, Jason Helling, Thomas S. Lazarus, Gerald S. Milner, Stephen M. Mullick, Florabel G. Owner, Christopher R. Pasquina, Paul F. Patel, Chirag R. Peoples, George E. Nissan, Aviram Ring, Michael Sandberg, Glenn D. Schaden, Wolfgang Schultz, Gregory S. Scofield, Tom Shawen, Scott B. Sheppard, Forest R. Stannard, James P. Weina, Peter J. Zenilman, Jonathan M. TI Combat Wound Initiative Program SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK-WAVE; THERAPY AB The Combat Wound Initiative (CWI) program is a collaborative, multidisciplinary, and interservice public-private partnership that provides personalized, state-of-the-art, and complex wound care via targeted clinical and translational research. The CWI uses a bench-to-bedside approach to translational research, including the rapid development of a human extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) study in complex wounds after establishing the potential efficacy, biologic mechanisms, and safety of this treatment modality in a murine model. Additional clinical trials include the prospective use of clinical data, serum and wound biomarkers, and wound gene expression profiles to predict wound healing/failure and additional clinical patient outcomes following combat-related trauma. These clinical research data are analyzed using machine-based learning algorithms to develop predictive treatment models to guide clinical decision-making. Future CWI directions include additional clinical trials and study centers and the refinement and deployment of our genetically driven, personalized medicine initiative to provide patient-specific care across multiple medical disciplines, with an emphasis on combat casualty care. C1 [Stojadinovic, Alexander] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Elster, Eric; Davis, Thomas A.; Tadaki, Doug K.; Brown, Trevor S.; Ahlers, Stephen] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Potter, Benjamin K.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Mil Adv Training Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Attinger, Christopher E.] Georgetown Univ Hosp, PHC, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Andersen, Romney C.; Pasquina, Paul F.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Burris, David] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Norman M Rich Dept Surg, Amer Coll Surg, Comm Trauma, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Centeno, Jose] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. [Champion, Hunter] Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Denobile, John] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Eberhardt, John] DecisionQ Corp, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Ennis, William J.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Helling, Thomas S.] Temple Univ, Conemaugh Mem Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Johnstown, PA 15905 USA. [Lazarus, Gerald S.; Milner, Stephen M.] Johns Hopkins Bayview Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Peoples, George E.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Nissan, Aviram] Hadassah Univ Hosp, Dept Surg, IL-91240 Jerusalem, Israel. [Ring, Michael] NIDDK, NIH, Transplant Sect, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Schaden, Wolfgang] Trauma Ctr Meidling, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. [Schultz, Gregory S.] Univ Florida, Inst Wound Res, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Scofield, Tom] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Shawen, Scott B.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthoped Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Stannard, James P.] Univ Alabama, Dept Orthoped Trauma, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Weina, Peter J.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Zenilman, Jonathan M.] Johns Hopkins Bayview Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Stojadinovic, A (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Patel, Chirag/J-7030-2013; Brown, Trevor/K-4703-2012 OI Brown, Trevor/0000-0001-7042-785X FU United States Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity, Fort Detrick, Maryland [W81XWH-08-2-0700]; U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery [PE 0604771N]; Office of Naval Research [BUMED/ML 601153N.04508.5180.A0801] FX The Combat Wound Initiative program received financial support from U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command through the United States Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity, Fort Detrick, Maryland, grant number W81XWH-08-2-0700, effective September 18,2008. This effort was also supported in part by the U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery under the Medical Development Program (PE 0604771N) and the Office of Naval Research (BUMED/ML 601153N.04508.5180.A0801). NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 175 IS 7 SU S BP 18 EP 24 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 624EP UT WOS:000279799400005 PM 23634474 ER PT J AU Clifton, T Pappas, JA Pavlik, M Papay, D Holmes, JP Ponniah, S Peoples, GE AF Clifton, Travis Pappas, Jennifer A. Pavlik, Maureen Papay, Diane Holmes, Jarrod P. Ponniah, Sathibalan Peoples, George E. TI Cancer Vaccine Development Program Collaborations SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GROUP-STUDY I-01; HER2/NEU E75 VACCINE; I CLINICAL-TRIAL; GM-CSF VACCINE; PEPTIDE E75; T-CELLS; BREAST; RECURRENCE; PREVENTION AB Immunotherapy for cancer, which uses the body's immune system to fight the disease, is an increasingly active area of research. Successful therapies such as trastuzamab (Herceptin) for breast cancer and cytokine therapy for renal cell carcinoma and melanoma have validated the field as a viable area of investigation. However, the goal of developing an effective cancer vaccine has not yet been achieved. The military's Cancer Vaccine Development Program (CVDP) is collaborating with other military programs, along with civilian institutions, to advance scientific research surrounding cancer vaccines. C1 [Clifton, Travis; Peoples, George E.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Serv, Dept Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Pappas, Jennifer A.; Pavlik, Maureen; Papay, Diane; Ponniah, Sathibalan; Peoples, George E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Canc Vaccine Dev Program, US Mil Canc Inst, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Holmes, Jarrod P.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Hematol Oncol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Clifton, T (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Serv, Dept Surg, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. FU United States Military Cancer Institute; Department of Surgery; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Department of Clinical Investigation; Walter Reed Army Medical Center FX The authors acknowledge the contributions of the principal investigators and study coordinators at the individual military and civilian study sites, as well as the industry collaborators who provide funding for the clinical trials. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Dr. Sathibalan Ponniah, Kathy Ciano, Yusuf Jama, Mohamed Mursal, and Athina Zacharia. This work was supported by the United States Military Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, and the Department of Clinical Investigation, Walter Reed Army Medical Center. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 175 IS 7 SU S BP 54 EP 56 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 624EP UT WOS:000279799400012 PM 23634481 ER PT J AU Belmont, PJ Goodman, GP Waterman, B DeZee, K Burks, R Owens, BD AF Belmont, Philip J., Jr. Goodman, Gens P. Waterman, Brian DeZee, Kent Burks, Rob Owens, Brett D. TI Disease and Nonbattle Injuries Sustained by a US Army Brigade Combat Team During Operation Iraqi Freedom SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURY; UNITED-STATES MILITARY; PERSIAN-GULF-WAR; SHOULDER DISLOCATION; ANKLE SPRAINS; SURGICAL-TEAM; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BATTLE; CASUALTY; AFGHANISTAN AB Background: A longitudinal cohort analysis of disease nonbattle injuries (DNBI) sustained by a large combat-deployed maneuver unit has not been performed. Methods: A descriptive analysis was undertaken to evaluate for DNBI casualty care statistics incurred by a U.S. Army Brigade Combat Team (BCT) during a counterinsurgency campaign of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Results: Of the 4,122 soldiers deployed, there were 1,324 DNBI with 5 (0.38%) deaths, 208 (15.7%) medical evacuations (MEDEVAC), and 1,111 (83.9%) returned to duty. The DNBI casualty rate for the BCT was 257.0/1,000 soldier combat-years. Females, compared with males, had a significantly increased incidence rate ratio for becoming a DNBI casualty 1.67 (95% CI 1.37, 2.04). Of 47 female soldiers receiving MEDEVAC 35 (74%) were for pregnancy-related issues. Musculoskeletal injuries (50.4%) and psychiatric disorders (23.3%) were the most common body systems involved with DNBI casualties. Among the BCT cohort the psychiatric DNBI casualty rate and suicide rate were 59.8 and 0.58 per 1,000 soldier combat-years. The BCT cohort incidence rates for common musculoskeletal injuries per 1,000 combat years were as follows: ankle sprain 15.3, anterior cruciate ligament rupture 3.3 and shoulder dislocation 1.2. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal injuries and psychiatric disorders accounted for 74% of the total DNBI casualties, and 43% of the DNBI casualties requiring subsequent MEDEVAC. The BCT cohort had a suicide rate nearly four times greater than previously reported, and selected musculoskeletal injury incidence rates were fivefold greater than the general population. C1 [Belmont, Philip J., Jr.; Goodman, Gens P.; Waterman, Brian; DeZee, Kent] William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. [Burks, Rob] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Operat & Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Owens, Brett D.] US Mil Acad, Keller Army Community Hosp, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Belmont, PJ (reprint author), William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. RI Burks, Robert/J-2481-2015; OI Burks, Robert/0000-0001-6443-6653; Belmont, Philip/0000-0003-2618-199X NR 40 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 175 IS 7 BP 469 EP 476 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 624EN UT WOS:000279799200004 PM 20684449 ER PT J AU Williams, RA Hagerty, BM Brasington, SJ Clem, JB Williams, DA AF Williams, Reg Arthur Hagerty, Bonnie M. Brasington, Steve J. Clem, Joseph B. Williams, David A. TI Stress Gym: Feasibility of Deploying a Web-Enhanced Behavioral Self-Management Program for Stress in a Military Setting SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; NAVY RECRUITS; COMBAT STRESS; INTERVENTION; AFGHANISTAN; IRAQ; INTERNET; ANXIETY AB Stress and depression can adversely impact the performance of military personnel. Cognitive-behavioral (CBT) interventions for managing stress are efficacious in traditional face-to-face formats, but the Internet supports a broader reach of these programs. This study reports on the feasibility of using an Internet-based self-help stress-management intervention in military personnel. There were 142 officers/enlisted sailors at a Naval Medical Center who completed the program. Evaluation of the program titled "Stress Gym" was positive for the user interface, content, feasibility, and satisfaction. Positive evaluation was not influenced by rank/status, sex, or previous deployment. Stress ratings also decreased significantly while using the program. These data support Stress Gym as being an online CBT-based self-help intervention that is feasible to deploy, accepted by the intended end users, and demonstrates the intended goal of reducing stress. C1 [Williams, Reg Arthur] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Sch Nursing & Psychiat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hagerty, Bonnie M.] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Sch Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Williams, David A.] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Sch Anesthesiol Med Psychiat & Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Brasington, Steve J.] USN, Med Ctr, Mental Hlth Serv, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Clem, Joseph B.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Williams, RA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Sch Nursing & Psychiat, 400 N Ingalls Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth; Office of the Vice President for Research; School of Nursing, University of Michigan; Department of Defense; TriService Nursing Research at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences [TSNRP N04-014, MDA-905-04-T504] FX The authors extend appreciation to Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, Office of the Vice President for Research, the School of Nursing, University of Michigan, and Gary Gatien, project manager for their support of this research project. The Department of Defense, TriService Nursing Research Program sponsored this research (TSNRP N04-014, MDA-905-04-T504) at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 175 IS 7 BP 487 EP 493 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 624EN UT WOS:000279799200007 ER PT J AU Moore, RW Martius, O Spengler, T AF Moore, Richard W. Martius, Olivia Spengler, Thomas TI The Modulation of the Subtropical and Extratropical Atmosphere in the Pacific Basin in Response to the Madden-Julian Oscillation SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; EDDY LIFE-CYCLES; ROSSBY-WAVE-BREAKING; CIRCULATION ANOMALIES; TROPICAL CONVECTION; BLOCKING; WINTER; CLIMATOLOGY; PROPAGATION; VARIABILITY AB The 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) data are combined with a number of novel climatologies to conduct a comprehensive examination of the response of the subtropical and extratropical atmosphere over the Pacific basin to an evolving Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) event. The adopted approach constitutes a symbiosis of a climatological analysis during the Northern Hemisphere winter from 1979 to 2002 and a case study analysis of a distinct MJO event that occurred in January-February 1993. The former is designed to obtain the general characteristics observed during a composite MJO life cycle, while the latter is used to provide insight into the instantaneous mechanisms responsible for the observed composite evolution. A primary component of the study involves the diagnosis of anomalous wave breaking activity in response to MJO forcing in the form of tropical convection and/or upper-level divergence. Wave breaking events are separated by their characteristic life cycles: LC1 (anticyclonic) and LC2 (cyclonic) events. Statistically significant anomalies in wave breaking activity are found to be prevalent during the composite MJO event. Furthermore, the dynamical distinction between LC1 and LC2 wave breaking is useful in that the two different characteristic life cycles exhibit significantly different anomalous behavior during the MJO. Statistically significant variability is also identified in both the subtropical and extratropical flow and atmospheric blocking and surface cyclone frequency. These data, taken in conjunction with the observed evolution of the 1993 MJO event, provide a relatively coherent picture of the response of the atmosphere to MJO forcing. A schematic representation of the evolution is presented. C1 [Moore, Richard W.; Martius, Olivia; Spengler, Thomas] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Moore, RW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rwmoor1@nps.edu OI Martius, Olivia/0000-0002-8645-4702 FU NCCR FX The authors thank the NCCR for project financing, Meteoswiss for access to ERA-40 data, Cornelia Schwierz and Mischa Croci-Maspoli for access to their blocking climatology, Heini Wernli and Cornelia Schwierz for access to their surface cyclone climatology, Huw Davies for his advice and support, and the reviewers for their thoughtful and constructive comments. NR 56 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 138 IS 7 BP 2761 EP 2779 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3194.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 637PI UT WOS:000280830200014 ER PT J AU Majumdar, SJ Sellwood, KJ Hodyss, D Toth, Z Song, YC AF Majumdar, Sharanya J. Sellwood, Kathryn J. Hodyss, Daniel Toth, Zoltan Song, Yucheng TI Characteristics of Target Areas Selected by the Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter for Medium-Range Forecasts of High-Impact Winter Weather SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID DOWNSTREAM BAROCLINIC DEVELOPMENT; ADAPTIVE OBSERVING GUIDANCE; ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES; DATA ASSIMILATION; SINGULAR VECTORS; MESOSCALE PREDICTABILITY; INITIAL PERTURBATIONS; UPSTREAM DEVELOPMENT; WAVE-PACKETS; STORM TRACK AB The characteristics of "target'' locations of tropospheric wind and temperature identified by a modified version of the ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF), in order to reduce 0-7-day forecast errors over North America, are explored from the perspective of a field program planner. Twenty cases of potential high-impact weather over the continent were investigated, using a 145-member ensemble comprising perturbations from NCEP, ECMWF, and the Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC). Multiple targets were found to exist in the midlatitude storm track. In half of the cases, distinctive targets could be traced upstream near Japan at lead times of 4-7 days. In these cases, the flow was predominantly zonal and a coherent Rossby wave packet was present over the northern Pacific Ocean. The targets at the longest lead times were often located within propagating areas of baroclinic energy conversion far upstream. As the lead time was reduced, these targets were found to diminish in importance, with downstream targets corresponding to a separate synoptic system gaining in prominence. This shift in optimal targets is sometimes consistent with the radiation of ageostrophic geopotential fluxes and transfer of eddy kinetic energy downstream, associated with downstream baroclinic development. Concurrently, multiple targets arise due to spurious long-distance correlations in the ETKF. The targets were least coherent in blocked flows, in which the ETKF is known to be least reliable. The effectiveness of targeting in the medium range requires evaluation, using data such as those collected during the winter phase of The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Pacific Asian Regional Field Campaign (T-PARC) in 2009. C1 [Majumdar, Sharanya J.] Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hodyss, Daniel] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Toth, Zoltan; Song, Yucheng] NOAA, NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Majumdar, SJ (reprint author), Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM smajumdar@rsmas.miami.edu RI Sellwood, Kathryn/H-6500-2014; Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015 OI Sellwood, Kathryn/0000-0001-7978-9101; Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194 FU NOAA THORPEX; postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Miami's Rosenstiel School of Marine Atmospheric Science; Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research [0601153N] FX The authors are grateful to Greg Hakim and two anonymous reviewers for their comments, which helped improve the manuscript. Sharanya Majumdar and Kathryn Sellwood gratefully acknowledge funding by NOAA THORPEX. Daniel Hodyss was sponsored by a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Miami's Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, and the Naval Research Laboratory and the Office of Naval Research under Program Element 0601153N. The authors are also grateful to the National Centers for Environmental Prediction for provision of the ensemble data and supercomputer time, and to Craig Bishop and Istvan Szunyogh for helpful discussions. Carolyn Reynolds and Justin McLay of the Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California, provided the NAVDAS estimates of analysis error variance. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 138 IS 7 BP 2803 EP 2824 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3106.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 637PI UT WOS:000280830200016 ER PT J AU Coleman, J Huang, XY Liu, JZ Kopke, R Jackson, R AF Coleman, John Huang, Xinyan Liu, Jianzhong Kopke, Richard Jackson, Ronald TI Dosing study on the effectiveness of salicylate/N-acetylcysteine for prevention of noise-induced hearing loss SO NOISE & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Anti-inflammation; antioxidant; chinchilla; dose-response; hair cell; hearing threshold ID GUINEA-PIG COCHLEA; HAIR CELL LOSS; N-ACETYLCYSTEINE; ACOUSTIC TRAUMA; SODIUM-SALICYLATE; INDUCED OTOTOXICITY; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; FREE-RADICALS; ANIMAL-MODEL; KAPPA-B AB The efficacy of three different doses of sodium salicylate (SAL) in combination with one dose of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to prevent noise-induced hearing loss was studied in chinchillas. After obtaining baseline-hearing thresholds, the chinchillas were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: three sets were injected intraperitoneally with 325 mg/kg NAC combined with 25, 50, or 75 mg/kg SAL, and a separate control group was injected with an equal volume of saline. Animals were injected twice daily for 2 days prior to and 1 hour before the noise exposure (6 hours to a 105-dB Standard Pressure Level octave band noise centered at 4 kHz). Immediate post-noise hearing thresholds were obtained followed by post-noise treatments at 1 hour then twice-daily for 2 days. Hearing tests continued at 1, 2, and 3 weeks post-noise, and immediately after the last hearing test, animals' cochleae were stained for hair cell counts. All the groups showed hearing improvement until week 2. However, at week 3, saline treated animals demonstrated a 17-33 dB SPL permanent threshold shift (PTS) across the test frequencies. Hearing loss was lowest in the 50 SAL/325 NAC mg/kg group (all frequencies, P<0.001), and although PTS was reduced in the 25 and 75 mg/kg SAL dosage groups compared to the saline group, only the 75 mg/kg SAL group was significantly different at all but 2 kHz frequency. Coupled with the hearing loss, outer hair cell (OHC) loss was maximal in the 4-8 kHz cochlear region of saline treated animals. However, there was a substantial reduction in the mean OHC loss of the NAC plus 50 or 75 mg/kg (but not the 25 mg/kg) SAL groups. These findings suggest that SAL in combination with NAC is effective in reducing noise damage to the cochlea, but SAL has a relatively narrow therapeutic dosing window. C1 [Coleman, John; Liu, Jianzhong; Jackson, Ronald] USN, Spatial Orientat Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Huang, Xinyan] Springfield Clin, Springfield, IL 62703 USA. [Kopke, Richard] House Ear Res Inst, Oklahoma City, OK 73112 USA. RP Jackson, R (reprint author), USN, Spatial Orientat Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM ronald.jackson@med.navy.mil FU Department of the Army; Office of Naval Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the generous support of the National Organization of Hearing Research. They also recognize the help of Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy, Department of Clinical Investigation at Naval Medical Center San Diego. Thanks are especially to Ms. Waine Macalister for her excellent review and editing, and Department of the Army for its support of this project.; Research was supported by a grant from the Office of Naval Research, Conflict of Interest/Disclosure: One of the authors (Richard Kopke, MD) and the Navy own two patents (6,177,434 and 6,649,621) on this technology NR 61 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS PI MUMBAI PA B-9, KANARA BUSINESS CENTRE, OFF LINK RD, GHAKTOPAR-E, MUMBAI, 400075, INDIA SN 1463-1741 J9 NOISE HEALTH JI Noise Health PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 12 IS 48 BP 159 EP 165 DI 10.4103/1463-1741.64972 PG 7 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 709YX UT WOS:000286478400002 PM 20603572 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Hudson, LT AF Seely, J. F. Hudson, L. T. TI Laser-produced MeV electrons and hard X-ray spectroscopic diagnostics SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Radiation Physics CY SEP 20-25, 2009 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA DE X-ray source size; MeV electron propagation; K-shell transitions; X-ray spectroscopy ID RESONANT-INTERACTION REGION; GENERATED MAGNETIC-FIELDS; 2-DIMENSIONAL DISTRIBUTION; CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER; RETURN-CURRENT; PLASMA; ENERGY; SPECTROGRAPHY; TRANSMISSION; TRANSPORT AB A new spectroscopic technique for the measurement of the sizes of hard X-ray sources produced by the irradiation of solid-density targets by intense laser radiation is discussed. The technique is based on the source broadening of K shell spectral lines from targets irradiated by intense picosecond laser pulses. The spectra are recorded by a modified Cauchois type spectrometer, where the detector is placed far behind the Rowland circle where source broadening dominates instrumental resolution. The laser irradiation with focused intensity greater than 10(18) W/cm(2) produces relativistic electrons that propagate from the focal spot into the surrounding target material with mm range. The energetic electrons produce 1 s electron ionization and K shell radiation with picosecond duration that can be utilized for transient radiography of dense objects including evolving dense plasmas. However, the hard X-ray source has mm lateral size when extended targets are utilized while a much smaller source size (of order 10 mu m) is necessary for high-resolution point projection radiography. The lateral source size can be greatly reduced by using targets with limited aspect to the radiography object such as thin foils and wires, but the brightness of these sources is greatly reduced compared to thick planar targets. Studies indicate that the electron range and source size can also be reduced by utilizing an electrically resistive target material such as teflon. In this case the electron propagation from the focal spot is inhibited by a weak return current and incomplete space-charge neutralization. These experimental results are important not only for producing a small hard X-ray source for picosecond radiography but also for reducing the lateral propagation of energetic electrons that can be detrimental to fast-ignition fusion. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Seely, J. F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hudson, L. T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil NR 35 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 619 IS 1-3 BP 479 EP 486 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2009.12.004 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 627GA UT WOS:000280026300113 ER PT J AU Condon, NJ Bowman, SR O'Connor, SP Myers, MJ AF Condon, Nicholas J. Bowman, Steven R. O'Connor, Shawn P. Myers, Michael J. TI Heat loads in erbium-doped laser materials SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Erbium-doped laser materials; Resonant pumping ID UP-CONVERSION; YAG LASER; ER; CRYSTAL; NM AB In order to study the feasibility of power scaling in resonantly-pumped Er-doped lasers, the fractional heat loads of several laser materials were measured using direct thermocouple calorimetry under low-power illumination with similar to 1550 nm light. A sample of 2% Er:YAG exhibited heat loads (relative to the absorbed power) of less than 5.4%, while samples of 1.1% Er-doped fluorophosphate glasses showed similar results, with heat loads of less than 5.3%. A fluorophosphate glass codoped with 2.2% Er and 2.5% Yb showed much higher heat loads of 11-14%, and samples of singly Er-doped and Er/Yb-codoped phosphate glasses both showed even higher heat loads in excess of 17%. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Condon, Nicholas J.; Bowman, Steven R.; O'Connor, Shawn P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Myers, Michael J.] Kigre Inc, Hilton Head Isl, SC USA. RP Condon, NJ (reprint author), 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nicholas.condon@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors wish to thank John Ventrovec for his assistance with sample coordination. This work has been funded by the Office of Naval Research. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 32 IS 9 BP 1050 EP 1054 DI 10.1016/j.optmat.2010.02.029 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 621XU UT WOS:000279620900039 ER PT J AU Provencher, MT Ghodadra, N Romeo, AA AF Provencher, Matthew T. Ghodadra, Neil Romeo, Anthony A. TI Arthroscopic Management of Anterior Instability: Pearls, Pitfalls, and Lessons Learned SO ORTHOPEDIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Anterior shoulder instability; Arthroscopy; Bankart lesion; Arthroscopic management; Revision; Glenoid bone loss ID GLENOID BONE LOSS; HILL-SACHS LESION; SHOULDER INSTABILITY; EXTERNAL ROTATION; BANKART REPAIR; NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT; STABILIZATION; DISLOCATION; RECURRENCE; STABILITY AB Despite advances in the understanding of anterior shoulder instability, failure rates after open and arthroscopic surgery have been reported to be as high as 30%. In general, a successful operative outcome for patients with shoulder instability requires the surgeon to perform a complete preoperative evaluation, a thorough diagnostic arthroscopy to evaluate for concomitant co-pathology, and implement an effective postoperative therapy program tailored to the repair strategy. In addition to the Bankart lesion, the treating surgeon must be aware of other co-pathologies, such as the HAGL lesion, ALPSA lesion, and SLAP tears, that can occur in concert with capsular pathology and present as potential barriers to a successful outcome. This article focuses specifically on the pearls and pitfalls that are important to recognize in the preoperative workup, intraoperative evaluation, and arthroscopic surgery to optimize surgical outcomes for anterior instability. C1 [Provencher, Matthew T.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Shoulder & Sports Surg, Dept Orthoped Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Provencher, Matthew T.] USUHS, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. [Ghodadra, Neil] Rush Univ, Dept Orthoped Surg, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Romeo, Anthony A.] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Sect Shoulder & Elbow, Dept Orthoped Surg,Div Sports Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Provencher, MT (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Shoulder & Sports Surg, Dept Orthoped Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 112, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM matthew.provencher@med.navy.mil OI Romeo, Anthony/0000-0003-4848-3411 NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0030-5898 J9 ORTHOP CLIN N AM JI Orthop. Clin. North Am. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 41 IS 3 BP 325 EP + DI 10.1016/j.ocl.2010.02.007 PG 15 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 617AW UT WOS:000279254200005 PM 20497809 ER PT J AU Mohr, SB Garland, CF Gorham, ED Grant, WB Garland, FC AF Mohr, Sharif B. Garland, Cedric F. Gorham, Edward D. Grant, William B. Garland, Frank C. TI Ultraviolet B Irradiance and Vitamin D Status are Inversely Associated With Incidence Rates of Pancreatic Cancer Worldwide SO PANCREAS LA English DT Article DE pancreatic neoplasms; incidence; vitamin D; alcohol; smoking; multiple regression ID MORTALITY-RATES; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; SOLAR-RADIATION; OVARIAN-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; 107 COUNTRIES; COLON CANCER; RISK-FACTORS; BREAST; SUNLIGHT AB Objectives: To determine if an inverse association exits between latitude, ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance and incidence rates of pancreatic cancer worldwide. Methods: Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the relationship and between UVB irradiance incidence rates of pancreatic cancer and while controlling for cigarette, alcohol and sugar consumption, and proportion overweight. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] levels were estimated, and their association with incidence rates also was analyzed. Results: Incidence rates were higher at higher latitudes (R(2) for latitude for men, 0.51; P < 0.001; R(2) for latitude for women, 0.32; P < 0.001). Ultraviolet B irradiance also was independently inversely associated with incidence in men (P < 0.01) and women (P = 0.02). Alcohol (P < 0.0001) and cigarette (P <= 0.01) consumption were positively associated with incidence in men (R(2) for overall model for men, 0.76; P < 0.0001). Alcohol (P < 0.0001) and sugar (P = 0.001) consumption were positively associated with incidence rates in women (R(2) for overall model for women, 0.64; P < 0.0001). Incidence rates were half as high in countries with estimated serum 25(OH) >30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L) than in those with <= 30 ng/mL. Conclusions: Countries with lower UVB irradiance had higher incidence rates of pancreatic cancer in both hemispheres, with occasional exceptions. C1 [Garland, Cedric F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Mohr, Sharif B.; Gorham, Edward D.; Garland, Frank C.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Grant, William B.] Sunlight Nutr & Hlth Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Garland, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 0631C,9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM cgarland@ucsd.edu RI Grant, William/B-8311-2009 OI Grant, William/0000-0002-1439-3285 FU Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute of the Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, through the Naval Health Research Center; Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Department of the Navy [60126] FX This research was supported by a Congressional allocation to the Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute of the Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, through the Naval Health Research Center and the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Department of the Navy, under Work Unit No. 60126. NR 54 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0885-3177 J9 PANCREAS JI Pancreas PD JUL PY 2010 VL 39 IS 5 BP 669 EP 674 DI 10.1097/MPA.0b013e3181ce654d PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 612RD UT WOS:000278919100020 PM 20442683 ER PT J AU Satter, EK Tokarz, VA AF Satter, Elizabeth K. Tokarz, Valerie A. TI Secondary Yaws: An Endemic Treponemal Infection SO PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYPHILIS AB Although yaws is rare in developed countries, as worldwide travel has become commonplace, it is essential to recognize this condition when evaluating patients who traveled from endemic regions. Herein, we discuss a case of secondary yaws presenting as extensive expanding annular lesions to raise awareness of this condition. C1 [Satter, Elizabeth K.; Tokarz, Valerie A.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Satter, Elizabeth K.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Satter, EK (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 34520 Bob Wilson Dr Suite 300, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM elizabeth.satter@med.navy.mil NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0736-8046 J9 PEDIATR DERMATOL JI Pediatr. Dermatol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 27 IS 4 BP 364 EP 367 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2010.01184.x PG 4 WC Dermatology; Pediatrics SC Dermatology; Pediatrics GA 628VQ UT WOS:000280152000007 PM 20653853 ER PT J AU Gerber, RJ Wilks, T Erdie-Lalena, C AF Gerber, R. Jason Wilks, Timothy Erdie-Lalena, Christine TI Developmental Milestones: Motor Development SO PEDIATRICS IN REVIEW LA English DT Review C1 [Gerber, R. Jason; Erdie-Lalena, Christine] USAF, Med Corps, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA USA. [Gerber, R. Jason; Wilks, Timothy; Erdie-Lalena, Christine] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA USA. [Wilks, Timothy] USN, Med Corps, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA USA. RP Gerber, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Med Corps, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA USA. NR 8 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0191-9601 J9 PEDIATR REV JI Pediatr. Rev. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 31 IS 7 BP 267 EP 277 PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 619BP UT WOS:000279403600001 PM 20595440 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM Olson, CC Michalowicz, JV Bucholtz, F AF Nichols, J. M. Olson, C. C. Michalowicz, J. V. Bucholtz, F. TI A simple algorithm for generating spectrally colored, non-Gaussian signals SO PROBABILISTIC ENGINEERING MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Surrogate data; Colored noise; Non-Gaussian; Random process ID SPECIFIED PROBABILITY DENSITY; TIME-SERIES; WAVE INTERACTIONS; SURROGATE DATA; SIMULATION; NONLINEARITY; FIELDS AB This work describes a simple method for generating signals conforming to a stationary random process for which the practitioner specifies both the power spectral density function and the marginal probability density function. The general approach is to first create a Gaussian random process with the appropriate spectral density and then apply a memoryless nonlinear transformation to achieve the desired marginal density. The transformation is not specified a priori but rather is simulated via an iterative "shuffling" procedure. The method is very simple to implement and yields results that are comparable to some of the more complicated methods. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Nichols, J. M.; Bucholtz, F.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Olson, C. C.] USN, Natl Res Council, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Michalowicz, J. V.] Global Strategies Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.nichols@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-WX-2-1107]; Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to acknowledge funding from both the Office of Naval Research, under contract No. N00014-08-WX-2-1107, and the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8920 EI 1878-4275 J9 PROBABILIST ENG MECH JI Probab. Eng. Eng. Mech. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 25 IS 3 BP 315 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.probengmech.2010.01.005 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mechanics; Mathematics GA 612XG UT WOS:000278938500003 ER PT J AU Wingert, N Tavakoli, H Yoder, E AF Wingert, Nathaniel Tavakoli, Hamid Yoder, Elizabeth TI Acute Hepatitis and Personality Change in a 31-Year-Old Man Taking Prohormone Supplement SUS500 SO PSYCHOSOMATICS LA English DT Article ID CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION; ALPHA-KETOISOCAPROATE; PERFORMANCE; LEUCINE; HUMANS; STEROIDS; SPORTS; MUSCLE AB Background: For decades, anabolic-androgenic steroids have been abused to enhance muscle growth. The harm inflicted by these compounds is well documented. Objective: The authors investigated and report on a case in which a male patient self-prescribed some newer dietary supplements, about which less is known. Method: The authors report on a case of hepatitis and aggressive personality changes in a 31-year-old man taking purported prohormone agent SUS500 and other, newer supplements. Results: Diagnosis was based on history, mental status exam, and laboratory findings. With discontinuation of all supplements and supportive care, the patient's personality changes resolved, and normal liver function returned. Conclusion: The authors conclude that newer anabolic supplements may cause some of the same side effects as traditional steroid hormones. (Psychosomatics 2010; 51:340-344) C1 [Tavakoli, Hamid] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Tavakoli, H (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM Hamid.Tavakoli@med.navy.mil NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0033-3182 J9 PSYCHOSOMATICS JI Psychosomatics PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 51 IS 4 BP 340 EP 344 PG 5 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 617YK UT WOS:000279317600011 PM 20587764 ER PT J AU Johnson, RT Montgomery, DC AF Johnson, Rachel T. Montgomery, Douglas C. TI Designing Experiments for Nonlinear Models-An Introduction SO QUALITY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE optimal design; factorial design; Bayesian D-optimal AB We illustrate the construction of Bayesian D-optimal designs for nonlinear models and compare the relative efficiency of standard designs with these designs for several models and prior distributions on the parameters. Through a relative efficiency analysis, we show that standard designs can perform well in situations where the nonlinear model is intrinsically linear. However, if the model is nonlinear and its expectation function cannot be linearized by simple transformations, the nonlinear optimal design is considerably more efficient than the standard design. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Johnson, Rachel T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Montgomery, Douglas C.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Johnson, RT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rtjohnso@nps.edu NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0748-8017 J9 QUAL RELIAB ENG INT JI Qual. Reliab. Eng. Int. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 26 IS 5 BP 431 EP 441 DI 10.1002/qre.1063 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 638RW UT WOS:000280914600004 ER PT J AU Alexander, MJ Geller, M McLandress, C Polavarapu, S Preusse, P Sassi, F Sato, K Eckermann, S Ern, M Hertzog, A Kawatani, Y Pulido, M Shaw, TA Sigmond, M Vincent, R Watanabe, S AF Alexander, M. J. Geller, M. McLandress, C. Polavarapu, S. Preusse, P. Sassi, F. Sato, K. Eckermann, S. Ern, M. Hertzog, A. Kawatani, Y. Pulido, M. Shaw, T. A. Sigmond, M. Vincent, R. Watanabe, S. TI Recent developments in gravity-wave effects in climate models and the global distribution of gravity-wave momentum flux from observations and models SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE atmosphere; gravity wave; momentum flux; drag; force; wind tendency; climate; global model ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; AMSU-A RADIANCES; STRATOSPHERIC BALLOON FLIGHTS; DATA ASSIMILATION PRINCIPLES; BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; DIRECTIONAL WIND-SHEAR; QBO-LIKE OSCILLATION; MIDDLE-ATMOSPHERE; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS AB Recent observational and theoretical studies of the global properties of small-scale atmospheric gravity waves have highlighted the global effects of these waves on the circulation from the surface to the middle atmosphere. The effects of gravity waves on the large-scale circulation have long been treated via parametrizations in both climate and weather-forecasting applications. In these parametrizations, key parameters describe the global distributions of gravity-wave momentum flux, wavelengths and frequencies. Until recently, global observations could not define the required parameters because the waves are small in scale and intermittent in occurrence. Recent satellite and other global datasets with improved resolution, along with innovative analysis methods, are now providing constraints for the parametrizations that can improve the treatment of these waves in climate-prediction models. Research using very-high-resolution global models has also recently demonstrated the capability to resolve gravity waves and their circulation effects, and when tested against observations these models show some very realistic properties. Here we review recent studies on gravity-wave effects in stratosphere-resolving climate models, recent observations and analysis methods that reveal global patterns in gravity-wave momentum fluxes and results of very-high-resolution model studies, and we outline some future research requirements to improve the treatment of these waves in climate simulations. Copyright (C) 2010 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown in the right of Canada C1 [Alexander, M. J.] NWRA Colorado Res Associates, Boulder, CO USA. [Geller, M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [McLandress, C.; Pulido, M.; Sigmond, M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Polavarapu, S.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Preusse, P.; Ern, M.] Forschungzentrum Julich, Julich, Germany. [Sassi, F.; Eckermann, S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sato, K.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [Hertzog, A.] Univ Paris 06, Meteorol Dynam Lab, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Kawatani, Y.; Watanabe, S.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Shaw, T. A.] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, Ctr Atmosphere Ocean Sci, New York, NY USA. [Vincent, R.] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. RP Alexander, MJ (reprint author), NWRA Colorado Res Associates Div, 3380 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM alexand@cora.nwra.com RI Hertzog, Albert/A-2899-2012; Sigmond, Michael /K-3169-2012; Preusse, Peter/A-1193-2013; Satoh, Kaoru/P-2047-2015; Ern, Manfred/I-8839-2016; Watanabe, Shingo/L-9689-2014; OI Sigmond, Michael /0000-0003-2191-9756; Preusse, Peter/0000-0002-8997-4965; Ern, Manfred/0000-0002-8565-2125; Watanabe, Shingo/0000-0002-2228-0088; Sato, Kaoru/0000-0002-6225-6066; Sassi, Fabrizio/0000-0002-9492-7434 FU NASA's Earth Science Mission Directorate [NNH08CD37C]; National Science Foundation's Physical and Dynamic Meteorology Program [0632378]; NASA [NNH08AE431] FX This work is part of an ongoing activity within the World Climate Research Programme's (WCRP) Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate (SPARC) project. The authors thank the SPARC International Project Office for its help with organizing and facilitating the workshop where this manuscript was initiated. Additional support for MJA came from NASA's Earth Science Mission Directorate (contract #NNH08CD37C) and the National Science Foundation's Physical and Dynamic Meteorology Program (Award #0632378), and for SDE and MJA from NASA contract #NNH08AE431. NR 136 TC 169 Z9 172 U1 10 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 136 IS 650 BP 1103 EP 1124 DI 10.1002/qj.637 PN A PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 644TD UT WOS:000281403100001 ER PT J AU Fournier, KB Celeste, J Rekow, V Bopp, DR May, MJ Fisher, JH Horton, R Newlander, CD Jenkins, P Trautz, K AF Fournier, K. B. Celeste, J. Rekow, V. Bopp, D. R. May, M. J. Fisher, J. H. Horton, R. Newlander, C. D. Jenkins, P. Trautz, K. TI A test cassette for x-ray-exposure experiments at the National Ignition Facility SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB We present the design and operation of a test cassette for exposure of samples to radiation environments at the National Ignition Facility. The cassette provides options for square and round samples and exposure areas; the cassette provides for multiple levels of filtration on a single sample, which allows dynamic range in experiments. The samples had normal lines of sight to the x-ray source in order to have uniform x-ray illumination. The incident x-radiation onto the samples was determined by the choice of filter thicknesses and materials. The samples were held at precise locations, accurate to within a few hundred microns, in the target chamber in order to have a known fluence incident. In the cassette, the samples were held in place in such a way that a minimal "line contact" allows them to have the maximal mechanical response to the x-ray load. We present postshot images of the debris found on films used for filters, and pre- and postexposure specimens. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3470684] C1 [Fournier, K. B.; Celeste, J.; Rekow, V.; Bopp, D. R.; May, M. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Fisher, J. H.; Horton, R.; Newlander, C. D.] Gray Res Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Jenkins, P.; Trautz, K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fournier, KB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM fournier2@llnl.gov; jfisher@gray-research.com; cdavidnewlander@yahoo.com; phillip.jenkins@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Department of Energy, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [IACRO 09-45501] FX The authors are grateful to the whole NIF team for outstanding support during these experiments. The contributions of working group leaders John Edwards, David Eder, Sandra Brereton, and Dan Kalantar were particularly useful for refining the design of our test cassette; Aaron Fisher and Nathan Masters gave excellent support with simulations and analysis. Also, within the engineering group, Jared Ellefson and Tony Lee provided valuable discussions and assistance. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. This work was also supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under the IACRO 09-45501 "Evaluation of lasers for x-ray production on NIF." NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 81 IS 7 AR 075113 DI 10.1063/1.3470684 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 640FE UT WOS:000281033400067 PM 20687765 ER PT J AU Watkins, RJ Santillan, S Radice, J Barton, O AF Watkins, R. J. Santillan, S. Radice, J. Barton, O., Jr. TI Vibration response of an elastically point-supported plate with attached masses SO THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Vibration analysis; Modal analysis; Point-supported plates ID FLEXURAL VIBRATION; RECTANGULAR-PLATES AB Experimentally determined natural frequencies and modes shapes are presented for an elastically point-supported isotropic plate with attached masses under impulsive loading. These results are compared to frequencies and to modes shapes determined from the Rayleigh-Ritz method and a finite element analysis using COMSOL Accelerometers mounted at three locations on the plate, provide input for ME'Scope Modal Analysis Software to identify frequency peaks and modes shapes. Orthogonal polynomials, which meet free-free plate boundary conditions, are selected as the basis functions used in the Rayleigh-Ritz method. A Mindlin plate theory, adjusted for negligible transverse shear effects, is used in COMSOL. Frequencies and mode shapes for four plate configurations are presented, compared using each method, and indicate good agreement between the numerical, analytical and experimental results. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Watkins, R. J.; Santillan, S.; Radice, J.; Barton, O., Jr.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Watkins, RJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM rwatkins@usna.edu NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8231 J9 THIN WALL STRUCT JI Thin-Walled Struct. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 48 IS 7 BP 519 EP 527 DI 10.1016/j.tws.2010.02.005 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 609PW UT WOS:000278670400005 ER PT J AU Metzgar, D McDonough, EA Hansen, CJ Blaesing, CR Baynes, D Hawksworth, AW Blair, PJ Faix, DJ Russell, KL AF Metzgar, David McDonough, Erin A. Hansen, Christian J. Blaesing, Carl R. Baynes, Darcie Hawksworth, Anthony W. Blair, Patrick J. Faix, Dennis J. Russell, Kevin L. TI Local changes in rates of group A Streptococcus disease and antibiotic resistance are associated with geographically widespread strain turnover events SO VIRULENCE LA English DT Article DE microbial drug resistance; ecology; epidemiology; molecular epidemiology; streptococcal M protein; streptococcal infections; Streptococcus pyogenes; virulence ID ACUTE RHEUMATIC-FEVER; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; PENICILLIN; SEROTYPES; SURVEILLANCE; PHARYNGITIS AB This study addresses the effects of dynamic strain turnover and antibiotic prophylaxis on rates of group A Streptococcus (GAS) antibiotic resistance and disease. The authors analyzed the strain distributions, disease rates and patterns of antibiotic resistance of 802 GAS isolates collected from 2002 through 2007. These samples were collected from patients with GAS infection symptoms at ten military facilities. Macrolide resistance peaked at 25% during 2004, due to the geographically widespread dominance of a single resistant strain (M75). The resistant strain was not retained regardless of local patterns of macrolide use, and resistance rates decreased upon replacement of M75 with macrolide-susceptible strains. Disease rates were similarly correlated with dominance of specific M types. Statistical analysis revealed temporal correlations between strain distributions at multiple locations. Only the most common strains yielded enough data at multiple sites for statistically significant comparison of temporal fluctuations in dominance, but these (including M44, M3, M18, M118 and M6) all yielded highly significant temporal correlations of 90% or greater on yearly scales. As expected given the complexity and variability of strain distributions on shorter time scales, analysis on a monthly scale yielded lower degrees of positive correlation (31-62%), but in this case all significant correlations were still positive. Shifts in antibiotic resistance profiles and disease rates at specific sites appear to be associated with strain replacements happening on larger scales, independent of antibiotic use at individual sites. C1 [Metzgar, David; McDonough, Erin A.; Hansen, Christian J.; Baynes, Darcie; Hawksworth, Anthony W.; Blair, Patrick J.; Faix, Dennis J.; Russell, Kevin L.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Resp Dis Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Blaesing, Carl R.] USN Hosp, Beaufort, SC USA. [Russell, Kevin L.] Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Metzgar, D (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Resp Dis Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM davidleemetzgar@yahoo.com RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Blaesing, Carl/D-5077-2017 OI Blaesing, Carl/0000-0002-2465-5058 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 2150-5594 J9 VIRULENCE JI Virulence PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 1 IS 4 BP 247 EP 253 DI 10.4161/viru.1.4.11979 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 789MW UT WOS:000292520600005 PM 21178449 ER PT J AU Phillips, CJ LeardMann, CA Gumbs, GR Smith, B AF Phillips, Christopher J. LeardMann, Cynthia A. Gumbs, Gia R. Smith, Besa TI Risk Factors for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Deployed US Male Marines SO BMC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID MALE VIETNAM VETERANS; GULF-WAR VETERANS; ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; NATIONAL SAMPLE; SOCIAL SUPPORT; LIFE EVENTS; PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS AB Background: Combat exposure has been reported as one of the strongest risk factors for postdeployment posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among military service members. Determining the impact of specific deployment-related exposures on the risk of developing PTSD has not been fully explored. Our study objective was to explore the relationship between specific combat exposures and other life experiences with postdeployment PTSD. Methods: This study consisted of male Marines who completed a Recruit Assessment Program (RAP) survey during recruit training at the Marine Corps Recruit Depot in San Diego, California as well as a follow-up survey several years after recruit training. Study participants included those Marines who deployed to the current operations in Iraq or Afghanistan between the baseline and follow-up surveys. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine which significant exposures and experiences were associated with postdeployment PTSD. Results: Of the 706 study participants, 10.8% screened positive for postdeployment PTSD. Those who reported feeling in great danger of death (odds ratio [OR] = 4.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.46-8.73), were shot or seriously injured (OR = 3.51, 95% CI: 1.58-7.77), saw someone wounded or killed (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.08-5.67), and baseline (before recruit training) prior violence exposures (OR = 2.99, 95% CI: 1.46-6.10) were at increased odds for reporting PTSD symptoms. Number of deployments, number of close friends or relatives reported at follow-up, and enlisted pay grade were also significantly associated with postdeployment PTSD. Conclusions: Combat exposures, specifically the threat of death, serious injury, and witnessing injury or death are significant risk factors for screening positive for postdeployment PTSD among male Marines as well as violence exposures prior to entering the Marine Corps, which are independent of future combat exposures. A thorough history of lifetime violence exposures should be pursued when considering a clinical diagnosis of PTSD. C1 [Phillips, Christopher J.; LeardMann, Cynthia A.; Gumbs, Gia R.; Smith, Besa] USN, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept 164, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Phillips, CJ (reprint author), USN, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept 164, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM chris.phillips@med.navy.mil FU Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD FX We are indebted to the Marine recruit study participants and our support staff at the Marine Corps Recruiting Depot, San Diego. We also thank Steven Speigle and James Whitmer from the Department of Defense Center for Deployment Health Research; Michelle Stoia, from the Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA. We value the insight generously provided by both Iris-Tatjana Kolassa and LinChiat Chang, and appreciate the support of the Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD. NR 53 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 22 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-244X J9 BMC PSYCHIATRY JI BMC Psychiatry PD JUN 25 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 52 DI 10.1186/1471-244X-10-52 PG 11 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 637UC UT WOS:000280843200001 PM 20579379 ER PT J AU Giordano, BC Burgi, DS Collins, GE AF Giordano, Braden C. Burgi, Dean S. Collins, Greg E. TI Direct injection of seawater for the analysis of nitroaromatic explosives and their degradation products by micellar electrokinetic chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Micellar electrokinetic chromatography; Seawater; Nitroaromatic explosives; Stacking ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; MICROCHIP ELECTROPHORESIS; ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; NEUTRAL ANALYTES; PEAK ASYMMETRY; IODIDE; SEPARATION; STACKING; ISOTACHOPHORESIS; NITRAMINE AB Practical considerations for the injection and separation of nitroaromatic explosives in seawater sample matrices are discussed. The use of high surfactant concentrations and long electrokinetic injections allows for improved detection limits. Sensitivity was enhanced by two mechanisms, improved stacking at the detector-side of the sample plug and desorption of analyte from the capillary wall by surfactant-containing BGE from the inlet side of the sample plug. Calculated limits of detection (S/N = 3) for analytes prepared in pure seawater were 70-800 ppb with injection times varying from 5 to 100 s. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Giordano, Braden C.; Collins, Greg E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Burgi, Dean S.] Dbqp, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. RP Giordano, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6112,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM braden.giordano@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) FX The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research (ONR) for funding support of this effort through the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUN 25 PY 2010 VL 1217 IS 26 BP 4487 EP 4493 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.04.010 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 612RT UT WOS:000278920900031 PM 20452605 ER PT J AU Erwin, SC AF Erwin, Steven C. TI Doping PbSe nanocrystals: Predictions based on a trapped-dopant model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; CATION-EXCHANGE; NANOPARTICLES; POLAR; MN AB We recently proposed that impurity doping in colloidally grown semiconductor nanocrystals is often controlled primarily by kinetics rather than by thermodynamics. In this "trapped-dopant" model the diffusion of an impurity through a nanocrystal is negligible at colloidal growth temperatures. Consequently, an impurity can only be incorporated as a dopant into a growing nanocrystal if it first adsorbs on the surface and is then overgrown. This surface adsorption can be complicated by a competing process: the binding of the impurity by surfactant molecules and other agents added to the growth solution to passivate the nanocrystal and control its growth. Here we use density-functional theory to study the interplay and outcome of these processes for the doping of PbSe nanocrystals by a number of candidate dopants (Mn, Co, Cl, In, Cd, Tl, etc.) in the presence of two widely used growth additives (oleic acid and hexadecylamine). The results suggest that successful doping requires making a trade-off between surface adsorption (which favors small dopants) and interior trapping (which favors large dopants). Moreover, the widely used growth agent oleic acid binds strongly to almost all dopants, suggesting that the standard growth procedure may require modification for successful doping to be realized. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Erwin, SC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX Many helpful conversations are gratefully acknowledged with Mao-Hua Du, Alexander Efros, Edward Foos, David Norris, and Joseph Tischler. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. Computations were performed at the DoD Major Shared Resource Center at AFRL. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 25 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 23 AR 235433 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.235433 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 615OO UT WOS:000279144800001 ER PT J AU Houchins, C Weidinger, D Owrutsky, JC AF Houchins, Cassidy Weidinger, Daniel Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. TI Vibrational Spectroscopy and Dynamics of the Hydrazoic and Isothiocyanic Acids in Water and Methanol SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ENERGY RELAXATION; AZIDE ION; AB-INITIO; REVERSE MICELLES; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROPSEUDOHALIC ACIDS; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; PROTIC SOLVENTS; POLAR-SOLVENTS; NEGATIVE-IONS AB Small anions in polar solvents are benchmark systems for fast vibrational energy relaxation (VER) due to the Coulombic effects that promote solute-solvent interactions. In order to investigate the effects of solute charge and solvent isotope effects on vibrational spectra and dynamics, infrared pump-probe studies have been used to determine VER (T(1)) times for the pseudohalide acids, XNCS and XN(3) (X = H, D), in protic solvents, H(2)O, D(2)O, CH(3)OH, and CD(3)OD. These results are compared with the well-studied azide and thiocyanate anions. Solvent isotope effects of the vibrational frequency shifts of azide and for VER rates of both azide and thiocyanate are similar to those for the hydro- and deutero-protonated species in water. VER times are longer for HN(3)/H(2)O, HN(3)/CH(3)OH, and DN(3)/CD(3)OD (T(1) = 2.3, 5.6, and 3.7 ps, respectively) than for the corresponding anions in solution (0.8, 3.0, and 2.1 ps), which is consistent with the idea that ions relax more quickly than neutrals. But the times measured for DN(3)/D(2)O, HNCS/H(2)O, and DNCS/D(2)O (T(1) = 1.2, 1.5, and 4.4 ps, respectively) are shorter than for the corresponding ions (2.3, 2.7, and 22.0 ps). Fast VER for DN(3) in D(2)O is attributed to strong coupling to nearby solvent bands and/or to Fermi resonances that promote intramolecular vibrational relaxation. For the HNCS and DNCS, the faster rates can be understood by recognizing that the charge displacements are similar to those for the anion. C1 [Houchins, Cassidy; Weidinger, Daniel; Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6111, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeff.owrutsky@nrl.navy.mil RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 FU Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory FX Support for this work was provided by the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory. C.H. and D.W. acknowledge the Naval Research Laboratory, National Research Council Research Associateship. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 24 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 24 BP 6569 EP 6574 DI 10.1021/jp102397b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 611HW UT WOS:000278805700003 PM 20507133 ER PT J AU Malvadkar, NA Demirel, G Poss, M Javed, A Dressick, WJ Demirel, MC AF Malvadkar, Niranjan A. Demirel, Gokhan Poss, Mary Javed, Ali Dressick, Walter J. Demirel, Melik C. TI Fabrication and Use of Electroless Plated Polymer Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Substrates for Viral Gene Detection SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID NANOSTRUCTURED POLY(P-XYLYLENE) FILMS; SILVER ELECTRODE; THIN-FILMS; NANOPARTICLE SHAPE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; METAL-DEPOSITION; SCATTERING; METALLIZATION; ARCHITECTURE AB Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates are prepared by electroless Ag metallization and vapor phase Au deposition on nanostructured poly(chloro-p-xylylene) (nanoPPX) templates. These substrates exhibit quasi-periodic nanomorphology inherited from the underlying nanoPPX template, resulting in highly reproducible SERS signal (<10% spot-to-spot and substrate-to-substrate signal variation for Au/nanoPPX comprising contributions from substrate imperfections). These substrates are therefore chosen for developing respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) gene detection that requires high sensitivity, stability, and reproducibility of the Raman signal. Metallized nanoPPX films show enhancement factors of similar to 10(4) to 10(6) that strongly depend on the metallization route and can be optimized by controlling the metallization parameters. RSV gene detection is achieved by using a molecular probe (MP) consisting of a fluorescent moiety and a thiol linker for attachment to the SERS substrate. To detect multiple targets, MPs are designed in two colors (Hex and Cy5 dyes) utilizing a broad range of fluorophores. Our approach provides reproducible dual-mode detection (i.e., fluorescent and SERS) where the assay results generated by fluorescence and SERS are self-confirmatory and eliminate false positives. C1 [Malvadkar, Niranjan A.; Demirel, Gokhan; Demirel, Melik C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Poss, Mary] Penn State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Javed, Ali] Genelink, Hawthorne, NY 10532 USA. [Dressick, Walter J.] USN, Res Lab, Code 6910, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Demirel, MC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mdemirel@engr.psu.edu RI Demirel, Gokhan/F-2439-2010; Malvadkar, Niranjan/E-8662-2010; Demirel, Melik/E-4495-2010; Demirel, Melik/E-3775-2016 OI Malvadkar, Niranjan/0000-0002-6763-8469; FU Pennsylvania State University; International Center for Materials Research at the University of California, Santa Barbara; Office of Naval Research under the Naval Research Laboratory FX The work was supported by the Pennsylvania State University, International Center for Materials Research at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the Office of Naval Research under the Naval Research Laboratory Core 6.1 Research Program and the Young Investigator Program (M.C.D.). We gratefully acknowledge Professor David L. Allara for allowing access to the Raman equipment in his laboratory. We thank Dr. Hui Wang for assisting in SERS data collection and Dr. Josh Maier for the TEM images. NR 42 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 24 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 24 BP 10730 EP 10738 DI 10.1021/jp101542j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 611TG UT WOS:000278845300010 ER PT J AU Shulman, I Anderson, S Rowley, C DeRada, S Doyle, J Ramp, S AF Shulman, Igor Anderson, Stephanie Rowley, Clark DeRada, Sergio Doyle, James Ramp, Steven TI Comparisons of upwelling and relaxation events in the Monterey Bay area SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL; WEST-COAST; OCEAN; DYNAMICS; AMERICA; SENSITIVITY; PACIFIC; ADJOINT; NORTH AB Observations show significant differences in circulation patterns of upwelling and relaxation events that occurred in the Monterey Bay during two Autonomous Ocean Sampling Network field experiments in August 2003 and 2006. During the 2003 experiment, circulation exhibited more typical patterns associated with upwelling/relaxation: the development of the southward flowing jet and pair of cyclonic (inside of the bay) and anticyclonic (outside of the bay) circulations during upwelling and the development of the northward flow along the coast during relaxation of winds. During the upwelling event of 2006, the southward flow was weaker and shallower than in 2003. The second relaxation event of 2006 was significantly different from the first relaxation event of 2006 and the relaxation event of 2003: a southward flow was present along the entrance to the bay and this southward flow penetrated into the subsurface up to around 50 m at the mooring location. Two reasons for the observed differences in upwelling and relaxation events of 2003 and 2006 are identified in the paper: weaker winds in August 2006 than in August 2003 and strong positive sea surface height anomalies propagating poleward along the coast during 2006. The 2003 field program included an extensive sampling of the bay and surrounding areas with a fleet of underwater gliders, while during 2006 program, the extensive sampling was conducted in the area of upwelling center to the north of the Monterey Bay. During the 2003 field program, the Monterey Bay model was able to reproduce observed surface and subsurface features with assimilation of glider observations. However, during the 2006 field program, the assimilation of glider data from the upwelling center to the north of the Monterey Bay had minimal impact on model simulations of observed features to the south of the upwelling center. C1 [Shulman, Igor; Anderson, Stephanie; Rowley, Clark; DeRada, Sergio] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Doyle, James] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ramp, Steven] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Shulman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Mail Code 7331, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM igor.shulman@nrlssc.navy.mil OI Rowley, Clark/0000-0003-3496-6404 FU Office of Naval Research [61153N, N0001408WX21037, N0001407WX20587] FX This research was funded through the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) 6.1 project, "Bio-optical studies of predictability and assimilation in the coastal environment" under program element 61153N and grants N0001408WX21037 and N0001407WX20587 sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. We are grateful to the whole AOSN team and especially Jim Bellingham, Naomi Leonard, Francisco Chavez, Russ Davis, and Dave Fratantoni for discussions and their collaborations. We thank Jeff Paduan of NPS for collaborations on HF Radar surface currents, and Dmitri Nechaev of USM for helpful discussions about adjoint. Mooring data were provided by Francisco Chavez of MBARI. We thank Peter Sakalaukus of USM for programming and computer support, and we thank Mike Cook and Fred Bahr of NPS for providing assistance with the quality control and processing of the HF Radar and mooring data. We thank anonymous reviewers provided very insightful comments and recommendations to improve the paper. Computer time for the numerical simulations was provided through a grant from the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Initiative. This manuscript is NRL contribution 7330-08-8234. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 22 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C06016 DI 10.1029/2009JC005483 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 617WG UT WOS:000279312000002 ER PT J AU Roberts, MJ Feng, SM Moran, M Johnson, L AF Roberts, M. Joseph Feng, Simin Moran, Mark Johnson, Linda TI Effective permittivity near zero in nanolaminates of silver and amorphous polycarbonate SO JOURNAL OF NANOPHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE Thin film devices and applications ID METAMATERIALS; LIGHT AB Experiments were conducted to demonstrate a material with epsilon near zero (ENZ). Dimensions estimated by effective medium theory guided the fabrication of nanolaminate composites of silver and amorphous polycarbonate. This approach ensures that the ordinary component (not the extraordinary component) of the relative permittivity of a uniaxial material equals zero. The nanolaminates were characterized for optical properties using spectroscopic ellipsometry, reflectance, and transmittance. Simulations using both, a new scattering retrieval method, and an effective-medium approximation (EMA) were compared to the experimental results. These results indicate that nanolaminates should enable further exploration into the new optical phenomena predicted for ENZ materials. C1 [Roberts, M. Joseph; Feng, Simin; Moran, Mark; Johnson, Linda] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res & Intelligence Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Roberts, MJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res & Intelligence Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM joe.roberts@navy.mil; simin.feng@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors thank the Office of Naval Research for support of this work through the ILIR program and program manager Scott Munro. We thank Don Bowling for a close reading of the manuscript. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1934-2608 J9 J NANOPHOTONICS JI J. Nanophotonics PD JUN 22 PY 2010 VL 4 AR 043511 DI 10.1117/1.3463420 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA 704PA UT WOS:000286063700001 ER PT J AU Aguilar, A Hartley, DJ Riley, MA Teal, C Carpenter, MP Chowdhury, P Danchev, M Djongolov, MK Hagemann, GB Hecht, AA Janssens, RVF Kondev, FG Lauritsen, T Ma, WC Mohr, WH Moore, EF Odegard, SW Riedinger, LL Sletten, G Tandel, SK Vanhoy, JR Wang, X Zhu, S AF Aguilar, A. Hartley, D. J. Riley, M. A. Teal, C. Carpenter, M. P. Chowdhury, P. Danchev, M. Djongolov, M. K. Hagemann, G. B. Hecht, A. A. Janssens, R. V. F. Kondev, F. G. Lauritsen, T. Ma, W. C. Mohr, W. H. Moore, E. F. Odegard, S. W. Riedinger, L. L. Sletten, G. Tandel, S. K. Vanhoy, J. R. Wang, X. Zhu, S. TI Alignments, additivity, and signature inversion in odd-odd Ta-170: A comprehensive high-spin study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONAL BANDS; COINCIDENCE DATA; NUCLEI; TRIAXIALITY; ISOTOPES; STATES AB High-spin states (I less than or similar to 50h) of the odd-odd nucleus Ta-170 have been investigated with the Sn-124(V-51, 5n) reaction. The resolving power of Gammasphere has allowed for the observation of eleven rotational bands ( eight of which are new) and over 430 transitions (similar to 350 of which are new) in this nucleus. Many interband transitions have been observed such that the relative spins and excitation energies of the 11 bands have been established. This is an unusual circumstance in an odd-odd study. Configurations have been assigned to most of these bands based upon features such as alignment properties, band crossings, B(M1)/B(E2) ratios, and the additivity of Routhians. A systematic study of the frequency at which normal signature ordering occurs in the pi h(9/2)nu i(13/2) band has been performed and it is found that its trend is opposite to that observed in the pi h(11/2)nu i(13/2) bands. A possible interpretation of these trends is discussed based on a proton-neutron interaction. C1 [Aguilar, A.; Riley, M. A.; Teal, C.; Wang, X.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Hartley, D. J.; Mohr, W. H.; Vanhoy, J. R.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Carpenter, M. P.; Hecht, A. A.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Lauritsen, T.; Moore, E. F.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chowdhury, P.; Tandel, S. K.] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Danchev, M.; Djongolov, M. K.; Riedinger, L. L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hagemann, G. B.; Sletten, G.] Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Kondev, F. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ma, W. C.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Odegard, S. W.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Hecht, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Aguilar, A (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Radiat Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 FU National Science Foundation [PHY-0456463, PHY-0554762]; US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11257, DE-FG02-94ER40848, DE-FG02-96ER40983] FX The authors thank the ANL operations staff at Gammasphere and gratefully acknowledge the efforts of J. P. Greene for target preparation. We also thank D. C. Radford for his software support. This work is funded by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. PHY-0456463 (FSU) and PHY-0554762 (USNA), as well as by the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract Nos. DE-AC02-06CH11257 (ANL), DE-FG02-94ER40848 (UML), and DE-FG02-96ER40983 (UT). NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN 21 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 6 AR 064317 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.81.064317 PG 19 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 614AF UT WOS:000279026400002 ER PT J AU Abelev, BI Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alakhverdyants, AV Alekseev, I Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barnby, LS Baumgart, S Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Biritz, B Bland, LC Bonner, BE Bouchet, J Braidot, E Brandin, AV Bridgeman, A Bruna, E Bueltmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Catu, O Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, KE Christie, W Chung, P Clarke, RF Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Dash, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG DePhillips, M Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Didenko, L Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Efimov, LG Elhalhuli, E Elnimr, M Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Eun, L Evdokimov, O Fachini, P Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Fersch, RG Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Ganti, MS Garcia-Solis, EJ Geromitsos, A Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gordon, A Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Grube, B Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gupta, N Guryn, W Haag, B Hamed, A Han, LX Harris, JW Hays-Wehle, JP Heinz, M Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffman, AM Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Huang, B Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Huo, L Igo, G Iordanova, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jakl, P Jena, C Jin, F Jones, CL Jones, PG Joseph, J Judd, EG Kabana, S Kajimoto, K Kang, K Kapitan, J Kauder, K Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klein, SR Knospe, AG Kocoloski, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Kopytine, M Koralt, I Koroleva, L Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Krus, M Kumar, L Kurnadi, P Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, L Li, N Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, ZM Lin, G Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Liu, LS Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Luo, X Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mall, OI Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McDonald, D McShane, TS Meschanin, A Milner, R Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mischke, A Mitrovski, MK Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, B Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nattrass, C Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Ng, MJ Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okada, H Okorokov, V Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Pile, P Planinic, M Ploskon, MA Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Poskanzer, AM Potukuchi, BVKS Powell, CB Prindle, D Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Redwine, R Reed, R Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Sahoo, R Sakai, S Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schuster, TR Seele, J Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shi, SS Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Tram, VN Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Leeuwen, M van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wingfield, E Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xie, W Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, W Xu, Y Xu, Z Xue, L Yang, Y Yepes, P Yip, K Yoo, IK Yue, Q Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhan, W Zhang, J Zhang, S Zhang, WM Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, J Zhou, W Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y AF Abelev, B. I. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alakhverdyants, A. V. Alekseev, I. Anderson, B. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Barnby, L. S. Baumgart, S. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Biritz, B. Bland, L. C. Bonner, B. E. Bouchet, J. Braidot, E. Brandin, A. V. Bridgeman, A. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Catu, O. Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, K. E. Christie, W. Chung, P. Clarke, R. F. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Dash, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. DePhillips, M. Derevschikov, A. A. Derradi de Souza, R. Didenko, L. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Efimov, L. G. Elhalhuli, E. Elnimr, M. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Fachini, P. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Fersch, R. G. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Ganti, M. S. Garcia-Solis, E. J. Geromitsos, A. Geurts, F. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. N. Gordon, A. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Grube, B. Guertin, S. M. Gupta, A. Gupta, N. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hamed, A. Han, L-X. Harris, J. W. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heinz, M. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffman, A. M. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Huang, B. Huang, H. Z. Humanic, T. J. Huo, L. Igo, G. Iordanova, A. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jakl, P. Jena, C. Jin, F. Jones, C. L. Jones, P. G. Joseph, J. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kajimoto, K. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kauder, K. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Klein, S. R. Knospe, A. G. Kocoloski, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Kopytine, M. Koralt, I. Koroleva, L. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Krus, M. Kumar, L. Kurnadi, P. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C-H. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, L. Li, N. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. M. Lin, G. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Liu, L. S. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Luo, X. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mall, O. I. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Meschanin, A. Milner, R. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, A. Mitrovski, M. K. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, B. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nattrass, C. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Netrakanti, P. K. Ng, M. J. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okada, H. Okorokov, V. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Ploskon, M. A. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Powell, C. B. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Redwine, R. Reed, R. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Sahoo, R. Sakai, S. Sakrejda, I. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Schuster, T. R. Seele, J. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. Szanto de Toledo, A. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarini, L. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trainor, T. A. Tram, V. N. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Leeuwen, M. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wingfield, E. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xie, W. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xue, L. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yip, K. Yoo, I-K. Yue, Q. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhan, W. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, J. Zhou, W. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. CA STAR Collaboration TI Longitudinal scaling property of the charge balance function in Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE Longitudinal scaling; Charge balance function; Boost-invariance; Nucleus-nucleus collisions ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; E&E ANNIHILATION; PARTICLE; JETS; EVENTS; PAIRS AB We present measurements of the charge balance function, from the charged particles, for diverse pseudorapidity and transverse momentum ranges in Au + Au collisions at root S-NN = 200 GeV using the STAR detector at RHIC. We observe that the balance function is boost-invariant within the pseudorapidity coverage vertical bar-1.3, 1.3 vertical bar. The balance function properly scaled by the width of the observed pseudorapidity window does not depend on the position or size of the pseudorapidity window. This scaling property also holds for particles in different transverse momentum ranges. In addition, we find that the width of the balance function decreases monotonically with increasing transverse momentum for all centrality classes. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, J. Y.; Li, N.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Liu, L. S.; Shi, S. S.; Wu, Y. F.; Zhang, J.] CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Bridgeman, A.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Barnby, L. S.; Elhalhuli, E.; Jones, P. G.; Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; DePhillips, M.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fachini, P.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Gordon, A.; Guryn, W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Ogawa, A.; Okada, H.; Perevoztchikov, V.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Ng, M. J.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Das, D.; Draper, J. E.; Haag, B.; Liu, H.; Mall, O. I.; Reed, R.; Romero, J. L.; Salur, S.; Sangaline, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Biritz, B.; Cendejas, R.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Guertin, S. M.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Kurnadi, P.; Sakai, S.; Staszak, D.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Whitten, C., Jr.; Xu, W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Derradi de Souza, R.; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Abelev, B. I.; Betts, R. R.; Evdokimov, O.; Garcia-Solis, E. J.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Iordanova, A.; Kauder, K.; Suarez, M. C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; McShane, T. S.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Krus, M.; Pachr, M.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Chung, P.; Jakl, P.; Kapitan, J.; Kouchpil, V.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.] Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. [Kollegger, T.; Mitrovski, M. K.; Schuster, T. R.; Stock, R.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany. [Dash, S.; Jena, C.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Phatak, S. C.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Selyuzhenkov, I.; Sowinski, J.; Stevens, J. R.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Koroleva, L.; Morozov, B.; Svirida, D. N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Bhasin, A.; Dogra, S. M.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, N.; Mangotra, L. K.; Potukuchi, B. V. K. S.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Alakhverdyants, A. V.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneev, R.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Anderson, B. D.; Bouchet, J.; Joseph, J.; Keane, D.; Kopytine, M.; Margetis, S.; Pandit, Y.; Subba, N. L.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.; Zhang, W. M.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Fatemi, R.; Fersch, R. G.; Korsch, W.; Webb, G.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Yang, Y.; Zhan, W.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Dong, X.; Grebenyuk, O.; Hjort, E.; Jacobs, P.; Kikola, D. P.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S. R.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Odyniec, G.; Olson, D.; Ploskon, M. A.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Powell, C. B.; Ritter, H. G.; Rose, A.; Sakrejda, I.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X. M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Thomas, J. H.; Tram, V. N.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, Y.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balewski, J.; Betancourt, M. J.; Corliss, R.; Hays-Wehle, J. P.; Hoffman, A. M.; Jones, C. L.; Kocoloski, A.; Leight, W.; Milner, R.; Redwine, R.; Sakuma, T.; Seele, J.; Surrow, B.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Walker, M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.; Simon, F.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Tarnowsky, T.; Wang, H.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.; Timoshenko, S.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Lindenbaum, S. J.] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; van Leeuwen, M.] NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; van Leeuwen, M.] Univ Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Chajecki, Z.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bueltmann, S.; Koralt, I.; Plyku, D.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Kumar, L.; Pruthi, N. K.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Eun, L.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Matulenko, Yu. A.; Meschanin, A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Hirsch, A.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Skoby, M. J.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Ulery, J.; Wang, F.; Wang, Q.; Xie, W.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Choi, K. E.; Grube, B.; Lee, C-H.; Yoo, I-K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Bonner, B. E.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Liu, J.; Llope, W. J.; McDonald, D.; Roberts, J. B.; Yepes, P.; Zhou, J.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Munhoz, M. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; Szanto de Toledo, A.] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, H. F.; Huang, B.; Li, C.; Lu, Y.; Luo, X.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Li, X.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhou, W.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Cai, X. Z.; Chen, J. H.; Han, L-X.; Jin, F.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Tian, J.; Xue, L.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Y. H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Erazmus, B.; Estienne, M.; Geromitsos, A.; Kabana, S.; Roy, C.; Sahoo, R.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Cervantes, M. C.; Clarke, R. F.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Djawotho, P.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Huo, L.; Mioduszewski, S.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Leyva, A. Davila; Hoffmann, G. W.; Kajimoto, K.; Li, L.; Markert, C.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Thein, D.; Wada, M.; Wingfield, E.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cheng, J.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Yue, Q.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Witt, R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Manweiler, R.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta; Ganti, M. S.; Ghosh, P.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Singaraju, R. N.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zawisza, M.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.; Kettler, D.; Prindle, D.; Trainor, T. A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bellwied, R.; De Silva, L. C.; Elnimr, M.; LaPointe, S.; Pruneau, C.; Sharma, M.; Tarini, L. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Baumgart, S.; Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Catu, O.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Knospe, A. G.; Lin, G.; Majka, R.; Mischke, A.; Nattrass, C.; Putschke, J.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Wu, YF (reprint author), CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. EM wuyf@iopp.ccnu.edu.cn RI Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Xu, Wenqin/H-7553-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Zhang, Jixie/A-1461-2016; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Nattrass, Christine/J-6752-2016; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Xue, Liang/F-8077-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Pandit, Yadav/I-2170-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Yang, Yanyun/B-9485-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Yoo, In-Kwon/J-6222-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013 OI Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Xu, Wenqin/0000-0002-5976-4991; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Nattrass, Christine/0000-0002-8768-6468; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Xue, Liang/0000-0002-2321-9019; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Pandit, Yadav/0000-0003-2809-7943; Yang, Yanyun/0000-0002-5982-1706; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900 FU RHIC Operations Group; RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; Open Science Grid consortium; Offices of NP and HEP, U.S. DOE Office of Science; U.S. NSF; Sloan Foundation; DFG cluster of excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe' of Germany [CNRS/IN2P3]; STFC and EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP; CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Ed. and Sci. of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MOST; MoE of China; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM and NWO of the Netherlands; DAE; DST; CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Sci. and Higher Ed.; Korea Research Foundation; Ministry of Sci., Ed. and Sports of the Rep. of Croatia; Russian Ministry of Sci. and Tech., and RosAtom of Russia FX We thank Dr. Xin-Nian Wang for discussions on the scaling behavior of the charge balance function. We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science, the U.S. NSF, the Sloan Foundation, the DFG cluster of excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe' of Germany, CNRS/IN2P3, STFC and EPSRC of the United Kingdom, FAPESP CNPq of Brazil, Ministry of Ed. and Sci. of the Russian Federation, NNSFC, CAS, MOST, and MoE of China, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FOM and NWO of the Netherlands, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India, Polish Ministry of Sci. and Higher Ed., Korea Research Foundation, Ministry of Sci., Ed. and Sports of the Rep. of Croatia, Russian Ministry of Sci. and Tech., and RosAtom of Russia. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUN 21 PY 2010 VL 690 IS 3 BP 239 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2010.05.028 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 618XG UT WOS:000279388800007 ER PT J AU Oh, E Susumu, K Blanco-Canosa, JB Medintz, IL Dawson, PE Mattoussi, H AF Oh, E. Susumu, K. Blanco-Canosa, J. B. Medintz, I. L. Dawson, P. E. Mattoussi, H. TI Preparation of Stable Maleimide-Functionalized Au Nanoparticles and Their Use in Counting Surface Ligands SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE gold nanoparticles; maleimide; peptides; sulfhydryl; surface ligands ID DISULFIDE BOND REDUCTION; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; QUANTUM DOTS; STABILITY; SEMICONDUCTOR; MONOLAYERS; CURVATURE; CHEMISTRY; PEPTIDE C1 [Mattoussi, H.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Oh, E.; Susumu, K.; Medintz, I. L.; Mattoussi, H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, J. B.; Dawson, P. E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, J. B.; Dawson, P. E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM mattoussi@chem.fsu.edu FU NRL; ONR; DTRA; NIH; Korea Research Foundation [D00089]; Marie Curie Program FX The authors acknowledge NRL, ONR, and DTRA and NIH for financial support. E.O. was supported by a fellowship from the Korea Research Foundation (D00089). J.B.B.-C. acknowledges the Marie Curie Program for a postdoctoral fellowship. NR 35 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 8 U2 44 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 EI 1613-6829 J9 SMALL JI Small PD JUN 21 PY 2010 VL 6 IS 12 BP 1273 EP 1278 DI 10.1002/smll.201000279 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 622XK UT WOS:000279699400003 PM 20486227 ER PT J AU Weaver, KA Melendez, M Mushotzky, RF Kraemer, S Engle, K Malumuth, E Tueller, J Markwardt, C Berghea, CT Dudik, RP Winter, LM Armus, L AF Weaver, K. A. Melendez, M. Mushotzky, R. F. Kraemer, S. Engle, K. Malumuth, E. Tueller, J. Markwardt, C. Berghea, C. T. Dudik, R. P. Winter, L. M. Armus, L. TI MID-INFRARED PROPERTIES OF THE SWIFT BURST ALERT TELESCOPE ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI SAMPLE OF THE LOCAL UNIVERSE. I. EMISSION-LINE DIAGNOSTICS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: Seyfert; infrared: galaxies; X-rays: galaxies ID HARD X-RAY; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; MU-M; O-IV; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; ASTRONOMICAL DATA AB We compare mid-infrared emission-line properties from high-resolution Spitzer spectra of a hard X-ray (14-195 keV) selected sample of nearby (z < 0.05) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) aboard Swift. The luminosity distribution for the mid-infrared emission lines, [O IV] 25.89 mu m, [Ne II] 12.81 mu m, [Ne III] 15.56 mu m, and [Ne v] 14.32/24.32 mu m, and hard X-ray continuum show no differences between Seyfert 1 and Seyfert 2 populations; however, six newly discovered BAT AGNs are under-luminous in [O IV], most likely the result of dust extinction in the host galaxy. The overall tightness of the mid-infrared correlations and BAT fluxes and luminosities suggests that the emission lines primarily arise in gas ionized by the AGNs. We also compare the mid-infrared emission lines in the BAT AGNs with those from published studies of ULIRGs, Palomar-Green quasars, star-forming galaxies, and LINERs. We find that the BAT AGN sample falls into a distinctive region when comparing the [Ne III]/[Ne II] and the [O IV]/[Ne III] ratios. These line ratios are lower in sources that have been previously classified in the mid-infrared/optical as AGNs than those found for the BAT AGNs, suggesting that, in our X-ray selected sample, the AGNs represent the main contribution to the observed line emission. These ratios represent a new emission line diagnostic for distinguishing between AGNs and star-forming galaxies. C1 [Weaver, K. A.; Melendez, M.; Mushotzky, R. F.; Kraemer, S.; Engle, K.; Malumuth, E.; Tueller, J.; Markwardt, C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Berghea, C. T.; Dudik, R. P.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Winter, L. M.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armus, L.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Weaver, KA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Tueller, Jack/D-5334-2012 FU NASA [HST-HF-51263.01-A, NAS5-26555] FX We thank the referee for very useful comments that improved the paper. We also acknowledge S. Veilleux for valuable comments on the work. This research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. L. M. W. acknowledges support under Hubble Fellowship program number HST-HF-51263.01-A from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The IRS was a collaborative venture between Cornell University and Ball Aerospace Corporation funded by NASA through the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Ames Research Center. SMART was developed by the IRS Team at Cornell University and is available through the Spitzer Science Center at Caltech. NR 88 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2010 VL 716 IS 2 BP 1151 EP 1165 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/716/2/1151 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 606WH UT WOS:000278459000020 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Asano, K Atwood, WB Axelsson, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Baring, MG Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Bhat, PN Bissaldi, E Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Bregeon, J Brez, A Briggs, MS Brigida, M Bruel, P Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Connaughton, V Conrad, J Dermer, CD de Palma, F Dingus, BL Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Finke, J Focke, WB Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Granot, J Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Harding, AK Hays, E Horan, D Hughes, RE Johannesson, G Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kippen, RM Knodlseder, J Kocevski, D Kouveliotou, C Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Garde, ML Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE McGlynn, S Meegan, C Meszaros, P Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Moretti, E Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakajima, H Nakamori, T Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohno, M Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paciesas, WS Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Preece, R Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Razzaque, S Reimer, A Ritz, S Rodriguez, AY Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sander, A Scargle, JD Schalk, TL Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stamatikos, M Stecker, FW Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Toma, K Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Uehara, T Usher, TL van der Horst, AJ Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V von Kienlin, A Waite, AP Wang, P Wilson-Hodge, C Winer, BL Wu, XF Yamazaki, R Yang, Z Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Ackermann, M. Asano, K. Atwood, W. B. Axelsson, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Baring, M. G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Bhat, P. N. Bissaldi, E. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Briggs, M. S. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Charles, E. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Connaughton, V. Conrad, J. Dermer, C. D. de Palma, F. Dingus, B. L. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Finke, J. Focke, W. B. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Granot, J. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Harding, A. K. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Johannesson, G. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kippen, R. M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocevski, D. Kouveliotou, C. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Garde, M. Llena Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. McGlynn, S. Meegan, C. Meszaros, P. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Moretti, E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakajima, H. Nakamori, T. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohno, M. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paciesas, W. S. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Preece, R. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Ritz, S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sander, A. Scargle, J. D. Schalk, T. L. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stamatikos, M. Stecker, F. W. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Toma, K. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Uehara, T. Usher, T. L. van der Horst, A. J. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. von Kienlin, A. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Wilson-Hodge, C. Winer, B. L. Wu, X. F. Yamazaki, R. Yang, Z. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI FERMI OBSERVATIONS OF GRB 090510: A SHORT-HARD GAMMA-RAY BURST WITH AN ADDITIONAL, HARD POWER-LAW COMPONENT FROM 10 keV TO GeV ENERGIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray burst: individual (GRB 090510); radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID RELATIVISTIC COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS; SPECTRAL COMPONENT; PROMPT EMISSION; STAR-FORMATION; COSMIC-RAYS; AFTERGLOW; 080916C; DURATION; MODEL; ACCELERATION AB We present detailed observations of the bright short-hard gamma-ray burst GRB 090510 made with the Gammaray Burst Monitor (GBM) and Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi observatory. GRB 090510 is the first burst detected by the LAT that shows strong evidence for a deviation from a Band spectral fitting function during the prompt emission phase. The time-integrated spectrum is fit by the sum of a Band function with E-peak = 3.9 +/- 0.3 MeV, which is the highest yet measured, and a hard power-law component with photon index -1.62 +/- 0.03 that dominates the emission below approximate to 20 keV and above approximate to 100 MeV. The onset of the high-energy spectral component appears to be delayed by similar to 0.1 s with respect to the onset of a component well fit with a single Band function. A faint GBM pulse and a LAT photon are detected 0.5 s before the main pulse. During the prompt phase, the LAT detected a photon with energy 30.5(-2.6)(+5.8) GeV, the highest ever measured from a short GRB. Observation of this photon sets a minimum bulk outflow Lorentz factor, Gamma greater than or similar to 1200, using simple.. opacity arguments for this GRB at redshift z = 0.903 and a variability timescale on the order of tens of ms for the approximate to 100 keV-few MeV flux. Stricter high confidence estimates imply Gamma greater than or similar to 1000 and still require that the outflows powering short GRBs are at least as highly relativistic as those of long-duration GRBs. Implications of the temporal behavior and power-law shape of the additional component on synchrotron/synchrotron self-Compton, external-shock synchrotron, and hadronic models are considered. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Kamae, T.; Kocevski, D.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Kamae, T.; Kocevski, D.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Asano, K.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Interact Res Ctr Sci, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Atwood, W. B.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Schalk, T. L.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Schalk, T. L.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Axelsson, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.] Lund Observ, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Garde, M. Llena; McGlynn, S.; Ryde, F.; Yang, Z.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA, CEA Saclay,Lab AIM,IRFU,Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.; Moretti, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.; Moretti, E.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Carrigan, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bhat, P. N.; Briggs, M. S.; Connaughton, V.; Guiriec, S.; Paciesas, W. S.; Preece, R.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Bissaldi, E.; Orlando, E.; von Kienlin, A.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai, IEEC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Stamatikos, M.; Stecker, F. W.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; Yang, Z.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Dermer, C. D.; Finke, J.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Razzaque, S.; Strickman, M. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dingus, B. L.; Kippen, R. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, UMR 5797, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Finke, J.; Razzaque, S.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Coll Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Osservatorio Astron Trieste, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Uehara, T.; Yamazaki, R.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gasparrini, D.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [Granot, J.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Stamatikos, M.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Kawai, N.; Nakajima, H.; Nakamori, T.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Kouveliotou, C.; van der Horst, A. J.; Wilson-Hodge, C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Makeev, A.; Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McGlynn, S.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Meegan, C.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Meszaros, P.; Toma, K.; Wu, X. F.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ohno, M.; Ozaki, M.; Takahashi, T.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Reimer, A.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Wu, X. F.] J CPNPC, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Wu, X. F.] Acad Sinica, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jchiang@slac.stanford.edu; j.granot@herts.ac.uk; sylvain.guiriec@lpta.in2p3.fr; ohno@astro.isas.jaxa.jp RI Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; Wu, Xuefeng/G-5316-2015; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Stecker, Floyd/D-3169-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; OI Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Wu, Xuefeng/0000-0002-6299-1263; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Dingus, Brenda/0000-0001-8451-7450; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Axelsson, Magnus/0000-0003-4378-8785; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Moretti, Elena/0000-0001-5477-9097; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726 FU NASA FX The Fermi GBM Collaboration acknowledges support for GBM development, operations, and data analysis from NASA in the US and BMWi/DLR in Germany. NR 70 TC 174 Z9 175 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2010 VL 716 IS 2 BP 1178 EP 1190 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/716/2/1178 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 606WH UT WOS:000278459000022 ER PT J AU Emmert, JT Lean, JL Picone, JM AF Emmert, J. T. Lean, J. L. Picone, J. M. TI Record-low thermospheric density during the 2008 solar minimum SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE; MODELS; INDEX AB We use global-average thermospheric total mass density, derived from the drag effect on the orbits of many space objects, to study the behavior of the thermosphere during the prolonged minimum in solar activity between cycles 23 and 24. During 2007-2009 thermospheric densities at a fiducial altitude of 400 km were the lowest observed in the 43-year database, and were anomalously low, by 10-30%, compared with climatologically expected levels. The density anomalies appear to have commenced before 2006, well before the cycle 23/24 minimum, and are larger than expected from enhanced thermospheric cooling by increasing concentrations of CO2. The height dependence of the mass density anomalies suggests that they are attributable to a combination of lower-than-expected exospheric temperature (-14 K) and reductions in the number density of atomic oxygen (-12%) and other species (-3%) near the base of the diffusive portion of the thermosphere. Citation: Emmert, J. T., J. L. Lean, and J. M. Picone (2010), Record-low thermospheric density during the 2008 solar minimum, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L12102, doi: 10.1029/2010GL043671. C1 [Emmert, J. T.; Lean, J. L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Picone, J. M.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Emmert, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7643,4555Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.emmert@nrl.navy.mil OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 FU Office of Naval Research; NASA [NNH10AN62I] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and NASA's Causes and Consequences of the Minimum of Solar Cycle 24 Program (grant NNH10AN62I). NR 21 TC 121 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 19 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L12102 DI 10.1029/2010GL043671 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 613NL UT WOS:000278985900002 ER PT J AU Taylor, JD Terray, A Hart, SJ AF Taylor, Joseph D. Terray, Alex Hart, Sean J. TI Analytical particle measurements in an optical microflume SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Optical chromatography; Laser; Pressure; Microfluidics; Optofluidic; Optical trapping; Pneumatics ID CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATION; CELLS; MANIPULATION; LATTICE; TRAP AB In this work, microscopic particles in a fluid flow are manipulated using forces generated by a high power laser beam. The resulting manipulations on the particles are imaged using a microscope lens connected to a CCD camera. Differential forces on particles of varying physical and chemical composition have been measured. The goal is to measure the optical forces on a diverse range of particles and catalog the associated chemical and physical differences to understand which properties and mechanisms result in the largest force differentials. Using these measurements our aim is to better understand differences between similar microspheres in terms of size, morphology, or chemical composition. Particles of the same size, but different composition show large variations in optical pressure forces and are easily discernable in the present analytical system. In addition, we have demonstrated the ability to differentiate a 70 nm size difference between two NIST precision size standard polystyrene microspheres, corresponding to a 2.0 pN difference in optical force. Lastly, the instrument was used to measure differences between biological samples of similar size, demonstrating the ability to make precise analytical measurements on microorganism samples. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Taylor, Joseph D.; Terray, Alex; Hart, Sean J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Bioanalyt Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hart, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Bioanalyt Chem Sect, Code 6112 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sean.hart@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory; ASEE-NRL FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Office of Naval Research and the Naval Research Laboratory for support of this research. Joseph D. Taylor is supported as an ASEE-NRL Postdoctoral Fellow. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JUN 18 PY 2010 VL 670 IS 1-2 BP 78 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2010.04.062 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 615AA UT WOS:000279100000012 PM 20685420 ER PT J AU Pawlus, S Mierzwa, M Paluch, M Rzoska, SJ Roland, CM AF Pawlus, S. Mierzwa, M. Paluch, M. Rzoska, S. J. Roland, C. M. TI Dielectric and mechanical relaxation in isooctylcyanobiphenyl (8*OCB) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; ELEVATED PRESSURE; ALPHA-RELAXATION; RIGID MOLECULES; DC-CONDUCTIVITY; DYNAMICS; VISCOSITY AB The dynamics of isooctylcyanobiphenyl (8*OCB) was characterized using dielectric and mechanical spectroscopies. This isomer of the liquid crystalline octylcyanobiphenyl (8OCB) vitrifies during cooling or on application of pressure, exhibiting the typical features of glass-forming liquids: non-Debye relaxation function, non-Arrhenius temperature dependence of the relaxation times, tau(alpha), a dynamic crossover at T similar to 1.6T(g). This crossover is evidenced by changes in the behavior of both the peak shape and the temperature dependence of tau(alpha). The primary relaxation time at the crossover, 2 ns at ambient pressure, is the smallest value reported to date for any molecular liquid or polymer. Interestingly, at all temperatures below this crossover, tau(alpha) and the dc conductivity remain coupled (i.e., conform to the Debye-Stokes-Einstein relation). Two secondary relaxations are observed in the glassy state, one of which is identified as the Johari-Goldstein process. Unlike the case for 8OCB, no liquid crystalline phase could be attained for 8*OCB, demonstrating that relatively small differences in chemical structure can effect substantial changes in the intermolecular potential. C1 [Pawlus, S.; Mierzwa, M.; Paluch, M.; Rzoska, S. J.] Univ Silesia, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. [Roland, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mierzwa, M (reprint author), Univ Silesia, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. EM michal.mierzwa@us.edu.pl FU Committee for Scientific Research, Poland [N202 14732/4240]; Office of Naval Research; European Economic Area Financial Mechanism FX The work at Silesian University was supported by the Committee for Scientific Research, Poland (grant N202 14732/4240) and that at the Naval Research Lab by the Office of Naval Research. S Pawlus acknowledges financial assistance from FNP HOMING program (2008) supported by the European Economic Area Financial Mechanism. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUN 16 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 23 AR 235101 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/22/23/235101 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 601QK UT WOS:000278077600003 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, PA Siefring, CL AF Bernhardt, Paul A. Siefring, Carl L. TI Low-latitude ionospheric scintillations and total electron content obtained with the CITRIS instrument on STPSat1 using radio transmissions from DORIS ground beacons SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DORIS radio beacons; Ionospheric irregularities; Radio scintillations ID TOPEX/POSEIDON; ORBITS AB The primary objective of the Scintillation and Tomography Receiver in Space (CITRIS) is to detect ionospheric irregularities from space at low latitude. For this purpose, the satellite receiver uses the UHF and S-Band transmissions of the ground network of Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) beacons. CITRIS, developed at the Naval Research Laboratory, differs from the normal DORIS receiver by being able to capture and store the complex amplitude of the 401.25 and 2036.25 MHz transmissions at 200 Hz sample rate. Ground processing of the CITRIS data yields total electron content (TEC) and both phase and amplitude scintillations. With CITRIS flying on the US Space Test Program (STP) satellite STPSat1, 2 years of data were collected and processed to determine the fluctuations in ionospheric TEC and radio scintillations associated with equatorial irregularities. CITRIS flights over DORIS transmitters yield direct measurements of the horizontal plasma density fluctuations associated with equatorial plasma bubbles. Future flights of CITRIS can provide valuable complements to other satellite instruments such as GPS occultation receivers used to estimate vertical electron density profiles in the ionosphere. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Bernhardt, Paul A.; Siefring, Carl L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bernhardt, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.bernhardt@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This research was funded by the Office of Naval Research. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1535 EP 1540 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2009.12.001 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 615AN UT WOS:000279101300011 ER PT J AU Dawson, TH AF Dawson, Thomas H. TI Scaling Laws for Plasma Concentrations and Tolerable Doses of Anticancer Drugs SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMANIZED MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; PHASE-I; CAPECITABINE; CANCER; PHARMACOKINETICS; ZEBULARINE; MAMMALS; SAFETY; DOSAGE AB General scaling laws are developed for projecting measurements of the plasma concentrations of anticancer drugs from laboratory animals to humans and among humans of different sizes. Associated scaling laws for critical drug doses are established from these laws. Broad categories of single and periodic i.v. bolus dosings are considered. Validity of the relations is shown using measurement from the literature for several well-known cytotoxic agents. The scaling theory is also shown to apply to novel anticancer drugs now available or presently under development, as represented by the p.o. administered prodrug capecitabine, the gene silencing inhibitor zebularine, and the blood vessel inhibitor bevacizumab. Scaling considerations for the modern practice of combination chemotherapy are also discussed. Cancer Res; 70( 12); 4801-8. (C)2010 AACR. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Dawson, TH (reprint author), USN Acad, Rickover Hall, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM dawson@usna.edu NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 70 IS 12 BP 4801 EP 4808 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-3261 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 610QP UT WOS:000278749600003 PM 20530681 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Wallcraft, AJ Metzger, EJ Gunduz, M AF Kara, A. Birol Wallcraft, Alan J. Metzger, E. Joseph Gunduz, Murat TI Impacts of freshwater on the seasonal variations of surface salinity and circulation in the Caspian Sea SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Caspian Sea; Heat flux; Freshwater flux; The Volga River; HYCOM ID GLOBAL OCEAN MODEL; VERTICAL COORDINATE; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; HYCOM; IMPLEMENTATION; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATIONS; REANALYSIS; RESOLUTION AB A fine resolution (approximate to 3.3 km) version of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) is developed for the Caspian Sea. The model consists of a hybrid sigma-z coordinate system, with sigma-coordinates for the upper layers and z-levels below a user-specified depth and in very shallow water. General features of the Caspian Sea HYCOM are presented including the bottom topography, initialization and atmospheric forcing along with river discharge. The climatologically forced model simulation reveals that there is net heat loss (gain) during winter (summer), and that rivers can have significant influence on the freshwater fluxes, especially on the northwestern shelf. There is a strong seasonal cycle in the net surface heat fluxes. The freshwater fluxes are found to be locally dominated by river discharge. In particular, the Volga River, which has very high discharge rate during the summer months, is found to play an important role in driving the seasonal cycle of freshwater fluxes in the North Caspian Sea. Over the basin, the buoyancy fluxes calculated from net heat and freshwater fluxes indicate that buoyancy is much more sensitive to variations in heating than precipitation-evaporation since thermal buoyancy fluxes are much greater than the haline buoyancy fluxes. A set of model simulations further investigates the impact of evaporation, precipitation and river flow on the upper ocean quantities. It is demonstrated that the discharge rate from the Volga River controls the monthly variations in surface salinity fields in the North Caspian Sea. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kara, A. Birol; Wallcraft, Alan J.; Metzger, E. Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Gunduz, Murat] Middle Eastern Tech Univ, Inst Marine Sci, Erdemli, Icel, Turkey. RP Wallcraft, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM alan.wallcraft@nrlssc.navy.mil; joe.metzger@nrlssc.navy.mil; gunduz@ims.metu.edu.tr OI Gunduz, Murat/0000-0003-1316-3039 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [601153N] FX We would like to thank R. Ibrayev for numerous discussions and data support. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful suggestions. The numerical HYCOM simulations were performed under the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program on a HP/COMPAQ SC45 at the United States Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Vicksburg, MS. This research is funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under program element 601153N as part of the NRL 6.1 Global Remote Littoral Forcing via Deep Water Pathways project. This is contribution NRL/JA/7320/08/8235 and has been approved for public release. The co-authors are sad to report that the lead author, A. Birol Kara, passed away on 14 September 2009 at age 39, after battling cancer for a year and a half. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 30 IS 10-11 BP 1211 EP 1225 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2010.03.011 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 615LT UT WOS:000279137500004 ER PT J AU Boris, DR Kulcinski, GL Santarius, JF Donovan, DC Piefer, GR AF Boris, D. R. Kulcinski, G. L. Santarius, J. F. Donovan, D. C. Piefer, G. R. TI Measuring D(d,p)T fusion reactant energy spectra with Doppler shifted fusion products SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL-ELECTROSTATIC CONFINEMENT; DEVICE; D-HE-3 AB Deuterium fusion reactant energy spectra have been measured using a diagnostic that records the Doppler shift imparted to charged particle fusion products of the D(d,p)T reaction by the center-of-mass velocity of the deuterium reactants. This diagnostic, known as the fusion ion Doppler shift diagnostic (FIDO) measures fast deuterium energy spectra in the inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) experiment at the University of Wisconsin-Madison {Santarius et al. [Fusion Sci. Technol. 47, 1238 (2005)]}, a device to confine high energy light ions in a spherically symmetric, electrostatic potential well. This article details the first measurements of the fusion reactant energy spectra in an IEC device as well as the design and principles of operation of the FIDO diagnostic. Scaling of reactant energy spectra with a variety of experimental parameters have been explored. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3437629] C1 [Boris, D. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kulcinski, G. L.; Santarius, J. F.; Donovan, D. C.] Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Piefer, G. R.] Phoenix Nucl Labs, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Boris, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,South West, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.r.boris@gmail.com NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 12 AR 123305 DI 10.1063/1.3437629 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 626UX UT WOS:000279993900025 ER PT J AU Martin, MJ Houston, BH AF Martin, Michael J. Houston, Brian H. TI Relative pressure, temperature, and gas composition sensitivity of damping-based resonant sensors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY; PRECONCENTRATOR; DEPENDENCE AB Measurement of the damping in resonant microsystems and nanosystems has been proposed for measurement of pressure, temperature, and gas composition. Because the damping will be a function of all three of these variables, estimating the sensitivity of these transducers requires modeling the effect each of these variables will have on the damping of the system. Using viscous flow theory, the relative sensitivity of damping to pressure, temperature, relative humidity, and the concentration of selected contaminants is computed. These results show that these sensors are accurate as pressure sensors across a range of conditions. Resonators are accurate as temperature sensors only if the relative humidity is known. Resonators are not accurate as humidity sensors, and are accurate as gas composition sensors only under limited conditions. [doi:10.1063/1.3447869] C1 [Martin, Michael J.; Houston, Brian H.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Martin, MJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM martinm2@asme.org RI Martin, Michael/A-1174-2007 OI Martin, Michael/0000-0002-6526-4408 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research. The authors wish to thank Carol Lucke of the Naval Research Laboratory Research Library for her assistance in finding published data on the physical properties of nerve agents. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 12 AR 124304 DI 10.1063/1.3447869 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 626UX UT WOS:000279993900124 ER PT J AU Orzech, MD Thornton, EB MacMahan, JH O'Reilly, WC Stanton, TP AF Orzech, Mark D. Thornton, Edward B. MacMahan, Jamie H. O'Reilly, William C. Stanton, Timothy P. TI Alongshore rip channel migration and sediment transport SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rip channels; alongshore; sediment transport; migration; gradients; correlation ID BEACHES; PERSISTENCE; AUSTRALIA; CURRENTS AB The relationship between alongshore rip channel migration and sediment transport is investigated using time-averaged video images to identify the positions of rip channels at three sites along southern Monterey Bay, California, over 1-3 year periods. Daily migration rates are calculated for each site. The basic Coastal Engineering Research Center (CERC) formula for bulk alongshore sediment transport is used to estimate alongshore transport rates at each site, based on hourly input of directional wave spectra measured at an offshore buoy and shoaled and refracted to the nearshore. The wave transformation model is validated by comparison with measured nearshore directional wave spectra in 13 m water depth. An expanded CERC formulation that accounts for the additional forcing of alongshore wave height gradients is also tested but rejected. Correlation coefficients between daily rates of calculated alongshore transport and rip channel migration are low: 0.01, 0.44, and 0.38 at the Sand City, Stilwell, and Marina sites, respectively. The problem of digitization noise, associated with video-based rip channel identification, is discussed and several filtering methods are used to increase the signal to noise ratio and obtain improved correlations. Results indicate that higher frequency migration events (on time scales shorter than 8 days) will likely be obscured below the digitization "noise floor", but that longer period oscillations (such as tidal and seasonal cycles) show up clearly in both rip migration and sediment transport datasets. Daily rates are cumulatively summed to generate time series of representative overall rip migration distance and net alongshore transport, and the cumulative summing procedure is shown to be similar to applying a low-pass filter. Mean migration is demonstrated to lag behind net transport in the summertime, suggesting that a minimum level of alongshore forcing is required to generate detectable rip migration. Rip channel migration and net alongshore transport have correlation coefficients that range from 0.76 to 0.94 at the three sites. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Orzech, Mark D.; Thornton, Edward B.; MacMahan, Jamie H.; Stanton, Timothy P.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [O'Reilly, William C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Coastal Studies, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Orzech, MD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM orzech@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N0001408WR20006, N00014-05-1-0154, N0001407WR20226, N00001408WR20006]; State of California; National Science Foundation [OCE 0728324] FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) contract N0001408WR20006 and the State of California's Coastal Ocean Currents Modeling Program (COCMP). MacMahan was supported by ONR contracts N00014-05-1-0154, N0001407WR20226, and N00001408WR20006, and National Science Foundation contract OCE 0728324. The authors are indebted to Rob Wyland, Ron Cowen, and Keith Wyckoff for the many hours they spent installing, repairing, and maintaining the video equipment and ADCPs, to John Woods and Courtney Minetree for their assistance with the rip migration analysis, to Jim Stockel for developing both ADCP and video data processing software, and to Corey Olfe and Julie Thomas at CDIP for their prompt and friendly responses to repeated requests for additional model output. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 271 IS 3-4 BP 278 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2010.02.022 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 601FN UT WOS:000278043800008 ER PT J AU Cochenour, B Mullen, L Muth, J AF Cochenour, Brandon Mullen, Linda Muth, John TI Effect of scattering albedo on attenuation and polarization of light underwater SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LINKS AB Recent work on underwater laser communication links uses polarization discrimination to improve system performance [Appl. Opt. 48, 328 (2009)] [in Proceedings of IEEE Oceans 2009 (IEEE, 2009), pp. 1-4]. In the laboratory, Maalox antacid is commonly used as a scattering agent. While its scattering function closely mimics that of natural seawaters, its scattering albedo can be much higher, as Maalox particles tend to be less absorbing. We present a series of experiments where Nigrosin dye is added to Maalox in order to more accurately recreate real-world absorption and scattering properties. We consider the effect that scattering albedo has on received power and the degree of depolarization of forward-scattered light in the context of underwater laser communication links. C1 [Cochenour, Brandon; Mullen, Linda] Naval Air Syst Command, Electroopt & Special Mission Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Cochenour, Brandon; Muth, John] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Cochenour, B (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Electroopt & Special Mission Sensors Div, 22347 Cedar Point Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM brandon.cochenour@navy.mil RI Muth, John/E-9027-2012 OI Muth, John/0000-0002-2488-7721 FU Science, Mathematics & Research for Transformation (SMART) Scholarship; National Science Foundation (NSF) [CCS-0636603] FX This work is supported by the Science, Mathematics & Research for Transformation (SMART) Scholarship and the National Science Foundation (NSF) grant CCS-0636603. NR 10 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 12 BP 2088 EP 2090 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 619NB UT WOS:000279435800054 PM 20548395 ER PT J AU Abelev, BI Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alakhverdyants, AV Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baumgart, S Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Benedosso, F Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Biritz, B Bland, LC Bonner, BE Bouchet, J Braidot, E Brandin, AV Bridgeman, A Bruna, E Bueltmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Catu, O Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, KE Christie, W Chung, P Clarke, RF Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Dash, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG DePhillips, M Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Didenko, L Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Efimov, LG Elhalhuli, E Elnimr, M Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Eun, L Fachini, P Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Fersch, RG Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Ganti, MS Garcia-Solis, EJ Geromitsos, A Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gordon, A Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Grube, B Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gupta, N Guryn, W Haag, B Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Han, LX Harris, JW Hays-Wehle, JP Heinz, M Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffman, AM Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Huo, L Igo, G Iordanova, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jakl, P Jena, C Jin, F Jones, CL Jones, PG Joseph, J Judd, EG Kabana, S Kajimoto, K Kang, K Kapitan, J Kauder, K Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klein, SR Knospe, AG Kocoloski, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Kopytine, M Koralt, I Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Krus, M Kumar, L Kurnadi, P Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, L Li, N Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, Z Lin, G Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mall, OI Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McDonald, D McShane, TS Meschanin, A Milner, R Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mischke, A Mitrovski, MK Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nattrass, C Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Ng, MJ Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okada, H Okorokov, V Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Pile, P Planinic, M Ploskon, MA Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Poskanzer, AM Potukuchi, BVKS Powell, CB Prindle, D Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Redwine, R Reed, R Rehberg, JM Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Russcher, MJ Sahoo, R Sakai, S Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schuster, TR Seele, J Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shi, SS Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Tram, VN Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, X Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wingfield, E Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, Y Xie, W Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, W Xu, Y Xu, Z Xue, L Yang, Y Yepes, P Yip, K Yoo, IK Yue, Q Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhan, W Zhang, S Zhang, WM Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, J Zhou, W Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y AF Abelev, B. I. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alakhverdyants, A. V. Anderson, B. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Barannikova, O. Barnby, L. S. Baumgart, S. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Benedosso, F. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Biritz, B. Bland, L. C. Bonner, B. E. Bouchet, J. Braidot, E. Brandin, A. V. Bridgeman, A. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Catu, O. Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, K. E. Christie, W. Chung, P. Clarke, R. F. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Dash, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. DePhillips, M. Derevschikov, A. A. de Souza, R. Derradi Didenko, L. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Efimov, L. G. Elhalhuli, E. Elnimr, M. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Eun, L. Fachini, P. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Fersch, R. G. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Ganti, M. S. Garcia-Solis, E. J. Geromitsos, A. Geurts, F. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. N. Gordon, A. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Grube, B. Guertin, S. M. Gupta, A. Gupta, N. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hallman, T. J. Hamed, A. Han, L. -X. Harris, J. W. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heinz, M. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffman, A. M. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Huang, H. Z. Humanic, T. J. Huo, L. Igo, G. Iordanova, A. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jakl, P. Jena, C. Jin, F. Jones, C. L. Jones, P. G. Joseph, J. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kajimoto, K. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kauder, K. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Klein, S. R. Knospe, A. G. Kocoloski, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Kopytine, M. Koralt, I. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Krus, M. Kumar, L. Kurnadi, P. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C. -H. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, L. Li, N. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Lin, G. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mall, O. I. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Meschanin, A. Milner, R. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, A. Mitrovski, M. K. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nattrass, C. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Netrakanti, P. K. Ng, M. J. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okada, H. Okorokov, V. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Ploskon, M. A. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Powell, C. B. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Redwine, R. Reed, R. Rehberg, J. M. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Russcher, M. J. Sahoo, R. Sakai, S. Sakrejda, I. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Schuster, T. R. Seele, J. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Symons, T. J. M. de Toledo, A. Szanto Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarini, L. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trainor, T. A. Tram, V. N. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wingfield, E. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. Xie, W. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xue, L. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yip, K. Yoo, I. -K. Yue, Q. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhan, W. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, J. Zhou, W. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. CA STAR Collaboration TI Inclusive pi(0), eta, and direct photon production at high transverse momentum in p plus p and d plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID BARREL ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER; TIME PROJECTION CHAMBER; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; LEADING ORDER; HADRON-PRODUCTION; D+AU COLLISIONS; STAR; PHYSICS; FRAGMENTATION; DISTRIBUTIONS AB We report a measurement of high-p(T) inclusive pi(0), eta, and direct photon production in p + p and d + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV at midrapidity (0 < eta < 1). Photons from the decay pi(0) -> gamma gamma were detected in the barrel electromagnetic calorimeter of the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The eta -> gamma gamma decay was also observed and constituted the first eta measurement by STAR. The first direct photon cross-section measurement by STAR is also presented; the signal was extracted statistically by subtracting the pi(0), eta, and omega(782) decay background from the inclusive photon distribution observed in the calorimeter. The analysis is described in detail, and the results are found to be in good agreement with earlier measurements and with next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations. C1 [Abelev, B. I.; Barannikova, O.; Betts, R. R.; Garcia-Solis, E. J.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Huang, H. Z.; Iordanova, A.; Kauder, K.; Suarez, M. C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; McShane, T. S.; Seger, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Barnby, L. S.; Burton, T. P.; Elhalhuli, E.; Jones, P. G.; Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; DePhillips, M.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fachini, P.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Gordon, A.; Guryn, W.; Hallman, T. J.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Ogawa, A.; Okada, H.; Perevoztchikov, V.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Das, D.; Draper, J. E.; Haag, B.; Liu, H.; Mall, O. I.; Reed, R.; Romero, J. L.; Salur, S.; Sangaline, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Biritz, B.; Cendejas, R.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Guertin, S. M.; Igo, G.; Kurnadi, P.; Sakai, S.; Staszak, D.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Whitten, C., Jr.; Xu, W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [de Souza, R. Derradi; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; McShane, T. S.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Krus, M.; Pachr, M.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, CZ-11519 Prague, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Chung, P.; Jakl, P.; Kapitan, J.; Kouchpil, V.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.] Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. [Kollegger, T.; Mitrovski, M. K.; Rehberg, J. M.; Schuster, T. R.; Stock, R.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany. [Dash, S.; Jena, C.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Phatak, S. C.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Selyuzhenkov, I.; Sowinski, J.; Stevens, J. R.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Bhasin, A.; Dogra, S. M.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, N.; Mangotra, L. K.; Potukuchi, B. V. K. S.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Alakhverdyants, A. V.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneev, R.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. [Anderson, B. D.; Bouchet, J.; Joseph, J.; Keane, D.; Kopytine, M.; Margetis, S.; Pandit, Y.; Subba, N. L.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.; Zhang, W. M.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Fatemi, R.; Fersch, R. G.; Korsch, W.; Webb, G.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Yang, Y.; Zhan, W.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Dong, X.; Grebenyuk, O.; Hjort, E.; Jacobs, P.; Kikola, D. P.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S. R.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Odyniec, G.; Olson, D.; Ploskon, M. A.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Powell, C. B.; Ritter, H. G.; Rose, A.; Sakrejda, I.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X. M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Thomas, J. H.; Tram, V. N.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balewski, J.; Betancourt, M. J.; Corliss, R.; Hays-Wehle, J. P.; Hoffman, A. M.; Jones, C. L.; Kocoloski, A.; Leight, W.; Milner, R.; Redwine, R.; Sakuma, T.; Seele, J.; Surrow, B.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Walker, M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.; Simon, F.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Tarnowsky, T.; Wang, H.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.; Timoshenko, S.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Lindenbaum, S. J.] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Benedosso, F.; Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; Russcher, M. J.] NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Benedosso, F.; Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; Russcher, M. J.] Univ Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Chajecki, Z.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bueltmann, S.; Koralt, I.; Plyku, D.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Kumar, L.; Pruthi, N. K.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Eun, L.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Matulenko, Yu. A.; Meschanin, A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Hirsch, A.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Skoby, M. J.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Ulery, J.; Wang, F.; Wang, Q.; Xie, W.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Choi, K. E.; Grube, B.; Lee, C. -H.; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Bonner, B. E.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Liu, J.; Llope, W. J.; McDonald, D.; Roberts, J. B.; Yepes, P.; Zhou, J.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Munhoz, M. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; de Toledo, A. Szanto] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, H. F.; Li, C.; Lu, Y.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Li, X.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhou, W.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Cai, X. Z.; Chen, J. H.; Han, L. -X.; Jin, F.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Tian, J.; Xue, L.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Y. H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Erazmus, B.; Estienne, M.; Geromitsos, A.; Kabana, S.; Roy, C.; Sahoo, R.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Cervantes, M. C.; Clarke, R. F.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Djawotho, P.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Huo, L.; Mioduszewski, S.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Leyva, A. Davila; Hoffmann, G. W.; Kajimoto, K.; Li, L.; Markert, C.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Thein, D.; Wada, M.; Wingfield, E.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cheng, J.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, X.; Wang, Y.; Yue, Q.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Witt, R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Manweiler, R.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Webb, J. C.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta; Ganti, M. S.; Ghosh, P.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Singaraju, R. N.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zawisza, M.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.; Kettler, D.; Prindle, D.; Trainor, T. A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bellwied, R.; De Silva, L. C.; Elnimr, M.; LaPointe, S.; Pruneau, C.; Sharma, M.; Tarini, L. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Chen, J. Y.; Li, N.; Li, Z.; Liu, F.; Shi, S. S.; Wu, Y.] CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Baumgart, S.; Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Catu, O.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Knospe, A. G.; Lin, G.; Majka, R.; Nattrass, C.; Putschke, J.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Abelev, BI (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Xu, Wenqin/H-7553-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Nattrass, Christine/J-6752-2016; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Xue, Liang/F-8077-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Pandit, Yadav/I-2170-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Yang, Yanyun/B-9485-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Yoo, In-Kwon/J-6222-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012 OI Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Xu, Wenqin/0000-0002-5976-4991; Nattrass, Christine/0000-0002-8768-6468; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Xue, Liang/0000-0002-2321-9019; Pandit, Yadav/0000-0003-2809-7943; Yang, Yanyun/0000-0002-5982-1706; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X FU RHIC Operations Group; RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; Open Science Grid consortium; Offices of NP; HEP within the US DOE Office of Science; US NSF; Sloan Foundation; DFG [CNRS/IN2P3]; STFC; EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science, the US NSF, the Sloan Foundation, the DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe"; CNRS/IN2P3, STFC and EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM and NWO of the Netherlands; DAE, DST, and CSIR of India; the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Korea Research Foundation; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; Russian Ministry of Science and Tech and RosAtom of Russia. NR 72 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 6 AR 064904 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.81.064904 PG 26 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 610WJ UT WOS:000278769300001 ER PT J AU Johnson, BJ Melde, BJ Charles, PT Dinderman, MA Malanoski, AP Leska, IA Qadri, SB AF Johnson, Brandy J. Melde, Brian J. Charles, Paul T. Dinderman, Michael A. Malanoski, Anthony P. Leska, Iwona A. Qadri, Syed B. TI Macroporous silica for concentration of nitroenergetic targets SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE Macroporous monolith; Periodic mesoporous organosilica; Hierarchical material; Solid phase extraction; TNT; RDX ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; PERIODIC MESOPOROUS ORGANOSILICAS; PASSIVE SAMPLERS; POLYETHYLENE DEVICES; ORGANIC GROUPS; CHANNEL WALLS; EXTRACTION; POLYOXYMETHYLENE; HYDROCARBONS; ADSORPTION AB Hierarchical organosilicate sorbents were synthesized which possess structure on two length scales macropores of approximately 1 mu m lined by mesopores (35-45 angstrom) The incorporation of macropores provides enhanced flow-through characteristics over purely mesoporous materials, thereby reducing back pressure when used in column formats Materials of this type with varied sur face groups were applied to the adsorption of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX) in both batch and column formats The results presented here demonstrate the potential of these materials for application as solid phase extraction materials for the pre-concentration of nitroenergetic targets from aqueous solutions. The structural and binding characteristics of the materials have been evaluated and preliminary data on the impact of complex matrices is provided. Published by Elsevier B V C1 [Johnson, Brandy J.; Melde, Brian J.; Charles, Paul T.; Dinderman, Michael A.; Malanoski, Anthony P.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Leska, Iwona A.] NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Qadri, Syed B.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, BJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; Johnson, Brandy/B-3462-2008 OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Johnson, Brandy/0000-0002-3637-0631 FU U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) [69-8765]; U.S. DoD [ER-1604] FX This research was sponsored by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL 6.1 WU#69-8765) and the U.S. DoD Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP; ER-1604). We applied the SDC approach ("sequence-determines-credit") for determining the sequence of authors [1]. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not represent those of the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4-5 BP 1454 EP 1460 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.02.050 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 610MN UT WOS:000278737100046 PM 20441922 ER PT J AU Hood, LL Soukharev, BE McCormack, JP AF Hood, L. L. Soukharev, B. E. McCormack, J. P. TI Decadal variability of the tropical stratosphere: Secondary influence of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; 11-YEAR SOLAR-CYCLE; TOTAL OZONE; TEMPERATURE-VARIATIONS; TOMS DATA; CLIMATE; SIGNAL; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; PACIFIC AB A decadal variation of tropical lower stratospheric ozone and temperature has previously been identified that correlates positively with the 11 year solar activity cycle. However, the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) also influences lower stratospheric ozone and temperature. It is therefore legitimate to ask whether quasi-decadal ENSO variability can contribute to this apparent solar cycle variation, either accidentally because of the short measurement record or physically because solar variability affects ENSO. Here we present multiple regression analyses of available data records to compare differences in results obtained with and without including an ENSO term in the statistical model. In addition, simulations are performed using the NRL NOGAPS-ALPHA GCM for warm/cold ENSO conditions to test for consistency with the ENSO regression results. We find only very minor changes in annual mean solar regression coefficients when an ENSO term is included. However, the observed tropical ENSO response provides useful insights into the origin of the unexpected vertical structure of the tropical solar cycle ozone response. In particular, the ENSO ozone response is negative in the lower stratosphere due to increased upwelling but changes sign, becoming positive in the middle stratosphere (5-10 hPa) due mainly to advective decreases of temperature and NOx, which photochemically increase ozone. A similar mechanism may explain the observed lower stratospheric solar cycle ozone and temperature response and the absence of a significant response in the tropical middle stratosphere. C1 [Hood, L. L.; Soukharev, B. E.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McCormack, J. P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hood, LL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, 1629 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM lon@lpl.arizona.edu; boris_soukharev@hotmail.com; mccormack@nrl.navy.mil OI McCormack, John/0000-0002-3674-0508 FU Office of Naval Research; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX06AC06G, NNH08AI67]; DoD FX We thank the three reviewers for detailed and useful comments. The Ozone Processing Team at Goddard Space Flight Center (led by R. Stolarski and R. McPeters) provided the Version 8 TOMS/SBUV(/2) column ozone and SBUV(/2) ozone profile data analyzed here. The SAGE II ozone profile monthly zonal means were provided by W. J. Randel and F. Wu of NCAR and were based on data originally obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Radiation and Aerosols branch. The UARS HALOE data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center UARS data center. We thank Ellis Remsberg for important advice and assistance in the acquisition and processing of the HALOE data. The ERA-40 zonal mean temperature and zonal wind data analyzed here were obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Internet site. This work was supported in part by grants from the Office of Naval Research and from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grants NNX06AC06G (L. Hood, P. I.) and NNH08AI67 (J. McCormack, P. I.) issued through the Living With a Star research TR&T program. NOGAPS-ALPHA simulations were made possible by a grant of computer time from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 78 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 12 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D11113 DI 10.1029/2009JD012291 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 610LA UT WOS:000278733000001 ER PT J AU Qian, J Zhang, YJ Wang, WY Lewis, AC Qidwai, MAS Geltmacher, AB AF Qian, Jin Zhang, Yongjie Wang, Wenyan Lewis, Alexis C. Qidwai, M. A. Siddiq Geltmacher, Andrew B. TI Quality improvement of non-manifold hexahedral meshes for critical feature determination of microstructure materials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE non-manifold hexahedral mesh; quality improvement; pillowing; B-spline curve; geometric How; optimization; microstructure materials ID MEDIAL SURFACE SUBDIVISION; ELEMENT MESHES; FINITE; GENERATION; POLYCRYSTALS; COMPOSITES; SIMULATION; ALGORITHM; FRAMEWORK; STRESS AB This paper describes a novel approach to improve the quality of non-manifold hexahedral meshes with feature preservation for microstructure materials. In earlier works, we developed an octree-based isocon-touring method to construct unstructured hexahedral meshes for domains with multiple materials by introducing the notion of material change edge to identify the interface between two or more materials. However, quality improvement of non-manifold hexahedral meshes is still a challenge. In the present algorithm, all the vertices are categorized into seven groups, and then a comprehensive method based on pillowing, geometric flow and optimization techniques is developed for mesh quality improvement. The shrink set in the modified pillowing technique is defined automatically as the boundary of each material region with the exception of local non-manifolds. In the relaxation-based smoothing process, non-manifold points are identified and fixed. Planar boundary curves and interior spatial curves are distinguished, and then regularized using B-spline interpolation and resampling. Grain boundary surface patches and interior vertices are improved as well. Finally, the optimization method eliminates negative Jacobians of all the vertices. We have applied our algorithms to two beta titanium data sets, and the constructed meshes are validated via a statistics study. Finite element analysis of the 92-grain titanium is carried out based on the improved mesh, and compared with the direct voxel-to-element technique. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Qian, Jin; Zhang, Yongjie; Wang, Wenyan] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Qidwai, M. A. Siddiq] USN, Res Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhang, YJ (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM jessicaz@andrew.cmu.edu RI Zhang, Yongjie/F-8733-2012; Wang, Wenyan/M-2451-2013; OI Zhang, Yongjie/0000-0001-7436-9757; Qidwai, Siddiq/0000-0002-2389-118X FU ONR [N00014-08-1-0653] FX A preliminary version of this paper has been published in the 18th International Meshing Roundtable conference [45]. This research was supported in part by ONR grant N00014-08-1-0653. The volume rendering results in this paper were generated using a software package (VolRover) developed by Prof. Chandrajit Bajaj's CVC group at The University of Texas at Austin, which is gratefully acknowledged. NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD JUN 11 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 11 BP 1406 EP 1423 DI 10.1002/nme.2810 PG 18 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 599HY UT WOS:000277903200003 ER PT J AU Wei, ZQ Wang, DB Kim, S Kim, SY Hu, YK Yakes, MK Laracuente, AR Dai, ZT Marder, SR Berger, C King, WP de Heer, WA Sheehan, PE Riedo, E AF Wei, Zhongqing Wang, Debin Kim, Suenne Kim, Soo-Young Hu, Yike Yakes, Michael K. Laracuente, Arnaldo R. Dai, Zhenting Marder, Seth R. Berger, Claire King, William P. de Heer, Walter A. Sheehan, Paul E. Riedo, Elisa TI Nanoscale Tunable Reduction of Graphene Oxide for Graphene Electronics SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE; NANOLITHOGRAPHY; SHEETS; FILMS; TRANSPARENT AB The reduced form of graphene oxide (GO) is an attractive alternative to graphene for producing large-scale flexible conductors and for creating devices that require an electronic gap. We report on a means to tune the topographical and electrical properties of reduced GO (rGO) with nanoscopic resolution by local thermal reduction of GO with a heated atomic force microscope tip. The rGO regions are up to four orders of magnitude more conductive than pristine GO. No sign of tip wear or sample tearing was observed. Variably conductive nanoribbons with dimensions down to 12 nanometers could be produced in oxidized epitaxial graphene films in a single step that is clean, rapid, and reliable. C1 [Wei, Zhongqing; Yakes, Michael K.; Laracuente, Arnaldo R.; Sheehan, Paul E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wang, Debin; Kim, Suenne; Hu, Yike; Berger, Claire; de Heer, Walter A.; Riedo, Elisa] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kim, Soo-Young; Marder, Seth R.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kim, Soo-Young] Chung Ang Univ, Sch Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Seoul 156756, South Korea. [Dai, Zhenting; King, William P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Berger, Claire] CNRS Inst Neel, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP Sheehan, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6177, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.sheehan@nrl.navy.mil; elisa.riedo@physics.gatech.edu RI Yakes, Michael/E-5510-2011; KIM, SUENNE/F-6352-2013; Wang, Debin/H-2713-2012; Kim, Soo Young/B-4373-2015; Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010 OI KIM, SUENNE/0000-0002-8438-2805; Wang, Debin/0000-0001-8052-731X; Kim, Soo Young/0000-0002-0685-7991; Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124 FU National Science Foundation [DMR 0120967, DMR 0820382, DMR-0706031]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER46293]; Institute for Nanoscience at Naval Research Laboratory (NRL); Office of Naval Research of the United States; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech Research Foundation); National Research Council Research Associateship Award at Naval Research Laboratory of the United States; CAFM FX This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation (CMDITR program DMR 0120967, Materials Research Science and Engineering Center program DMR 0820382, and DMR-0706031), U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-06ER46293 and PECASE), the Institute for Nanoscience at Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), the Office of Naval Research of the United States, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Tip-Based Nanomanufacturing program, and Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech Research Foundation, COE Cutting Edge Research Award, and COPE fellowship). This research was performed while Z.W. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at Naval Research Laboratory of the United States. Z.W. thanks H. Qi at NRL for providing doped silicon wafers, evaporating gold layers on mica, and taking scanning electron micrograph images of GO sheets on gold and silicon substrates. E. R. thanks T.-D. Li and M. Lucas for support with CAFM. NR 24 TC 373 Z9 377 U1 28 U2 344 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 11 PY 2010 VL 328 IS 5984 BP 1373 EP 1376 DI 10.1126/science.1188119 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 608PO UT WOS:000278598400031 PM 20538944 ER PT J AU Bond, NA Ivezic, Z Sesar, B Juric, M Munn, JA Kowalski, A Loebman, S Roskar, R Beers, TC Dalcanton, J Rockosi, CM Yanny, B Newberg, HJ Prieto, CA Wilhelm, R Lee, YS Sivarani, T Majewski, SR Norris, JE Bailer-Jones, CAL Fiorentin, PR Schlegel, D Uomoto, A Lupton, RH Knapp, GR Gunn, JE Covey, KR Smith, JA Miknaitis, G Doi, M Tanaka, M Fukugita, M Kent, S Finkbeiner, D Quinn, TR Hawley, S Anderson, S Kiuchi, F Chen, A Bushong, J Sohi, H Haggard, D Kimball, A McGurk, R Barentine, J Brewington, H Harvanek, M Kleinman, S Krzesinski, J Long, D Nitta, A Snedden, S Lee, B Pier, JR Harris, H Brinkmann, J Schneider, DP AF Bond, Nicholas A. Ivezic, Zeljko Sesar, Branimir Juric, Mario Munn, Jeffrey A. Kowalski, Adam Loebman, Sarah Roskar, Rok Beers, Timothy C. Dalcanton, Julianne Rockosi, Constance M. Yanny, Brian Newberg, Heidi J. Prieto, Carlos Allende Wilhelm, Ron Lee, Young Sun Sivarani, Thirupathi Majewski, Steven R. Norris, John E. Bailer-Jones, Coryn A. L. Fiorentin, Paola Re Schlegel, David Uomoto, Alan Lupton, Robert H. Knapp, Gillian R. Gunn, James E. Covey, Kevin R. Smith, J. Allyn Miknaitis, Gajus Doi, Mamoru Tanaka, Masayuki Fukugita, Masataka Kent, Steve Finkbeiner, Douglas Quinn, Tom R. Hawley, Suzanne Anderson, Scott Kiuchi, Furea Chen, Alex Bushong, James Sohi, Harkirat Haggard, Daryl Kimball, Amy McGurk, Rosalie Barentine, John Brewington, Howard Harvanek, Mike Kleinman, Scott Krzesinski, Jurek Long, Dan Nitta, Atsuko Snedden, Stephanie Lee, Brian Pier, Jeffrey R. Harris, Hugh Brinkmann, Jonathan Schneider, Donald P. TI THE MILKY WAY TOMOGRAPHY WITH SDSS. III. STELLAR KINEMATICS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy: disk; Galaxy: halo; Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics; Galaxy: stellar content; Galaxy: structure; methods: data analysis; stars: statistics ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; GENEVA-COPENHAGEN SURVEY; HORIZONTAL-BRANCH STARS; SURVEY DATA RELEASE; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; GALACTIC STRUCTURE; CIRCULAR VELOCITY; PROPER MOTIONS; HIPPARCOS DATA AB We study Milky Way kinematics using a sample of 18.8 million main-sequence stars with r < 20 and proper-motion measurements derived from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and POSS astrometry, including similar to 170,000 stars with radial-velocity measurements from the SDSS spectroscopic survey. Distances to stars are determined using a photometric-parallax relation, covering a distance range from similar to 100 pc to 10 kpc over a quarter of the sky at high Galactic latitudes (|b| > 20 degrees). We find that in the region defined by 1 kpc < Z < 5 kpc and 3 kpc < R < 13 kpc, the rotational velocity for disk stars smoothly decreases, and all three components of the velocity dispersion increase, with distance from the Galactic plane. In contrast, the velocity ellipsoid for halo stars is aligned with a spherical coordinate system and appears to be spatially invariant within the probed volume. The velocity distribution of nearby (Z < 1 kpc) K/M stars is complex, and cannot be described by a standard Schwarzschild ellipsoid. For stars in a distance-limited subsample of stars (< 100 pc), we detect a multi-modal velocity distribution consistent with that seen by HIPPARCOS. This strong non-Gaussianity significantly affects the measurements of the velocity-ellipsoid tilt and vertex deviation when using the Schwarzschild approximation. We develop and test a simple descriptive model for the overall kinematic behavior that captures these features over most of the probed volume, and can be used to search for substructure in kinematic and metallicity space. We use this model to predict further improvements in kinematic mapping of the Galaxy expected from Gaia and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope. C1 [Bond, Nicholas A.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Ivezic, Zeljko; Sesar, Branimir; Kowalski, Adam; Loebman, Sarah; Roskar, Rok; Dalcanton, Julianne; Quinn, Tom R.; Hawley, Suzanne; Anderson, Scott; Kiuchi, Furea; Chen, Alex; Bushong, James; Sohi, Harkirat; Haggard, Daryl; Kimball, Amy; McGurk, Rosalie] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Juric, Mario] Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Munn, Jeffrey A.; Pier, Jeffrey R.] USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. [Beers, Timothy C.; Lee, Young Sun; Sivarani, Thirupathi] Michigan State Univ, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Rockosi, Constance M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Yanny, Brian; Miknaitis, Gajus; Kent, Steve] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Newberg, Heidi J.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Prieto, Carlos Allende] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Prieto, Carlos Allende] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Prieto, Carlos Allende] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Wilhelm, Ron] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Sivarani, Thirupathi] Indian Inst Astrophys, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India. [Majewski, Steven R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Norris, John E.; Harris, Hugh] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Bailer-Jones, Coryn A. L.; Fiorentin, Paola Re] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Fiorentin, Paola Re] Univ Ljubljana, Dept Phys, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Schlegel, David; Lee, Brian] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Uomoto, Alan] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Lupton, Robert H.; Knapp, Gillian R.; Gunn, James E.] Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Covey, Kevin R.; Finkbeiner, Douglas] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Smith, J. Allyn] Austin Peay State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. [Doi, Mamoru] Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Tanaka, Masayuki] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Fukugita, Masataka] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Chiba, Japan. [Barentine, John; Brewington, Howard; Harvanek, Mike; Kleinman, Scott; Krzesinski, Jurek; Long, Dan; Nitta, Atsuko; Snedden, Stephanie; Brinkmann, Jonathan] Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Bond, NA (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 849, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. OI McGurk, Rosalie/0000-0003-2064-4105; Re Fiorentin, Paola/0000-0002-4995-0475; Covey, Kevin/0000-0001-6914-7797 FU NSF [AST-615991, AST-0707901, AST-0551161, AST-02-38683, AST-06-07634, AST-0807444, PHY05-51164]; NASA [NAG5-13057, NAG5-13147, NNXO-8AH83G]; Physics Frontier Center/Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA) [PHY 08-22648]; U.S. National Science Foundation; Marie Curie Research Training Network ELSA (European Leadership in Space Astrometry) [MRTN-CT-2006-033481]; Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Participating Institutions; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England FX We thank Vladimir Korchagin for making his code for calculating equilibrium velocity dispersion profile available to us.. Z. Ivezic and B. Sesar acknowledge support by NSF grants AST-615991 and AST-0707901, and by NSF grant AST-0551161 to LSST for design and development activity. J. Dalcanton acknowledges NSF CAREER grant AST-02-38683. D. Schneider acknowledges support by NSF grant AST-06-07634. Allende Prieto acknowledges support by NASA grants NAG5-13057 and NAG5-13147. T. C. Beers, Y.S. Lee, and T. Sivarani acknowledge partial support from PHY 08-22648: Physics Frontier Center/Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA), awarded by the U.S. National Science Foundation. P. Re Fiorentin acknowledges support through the Marie Curie Research Training Network ELSA (European Leadership in Space Astrometry) under contract MRTN-CT-2006-033481. M. J. acknowledges support by NASA grant NNXO-8AH83G and NSF grant AST-0807444. We acknowledge the hospitality of the KITP at the University of California, Santa Barbara, where part of this work was completed (supported by NSF grant PHY05-51164). Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the U. S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS Web Site is http://www.sdss.org/. The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions. The Participating Institutions are the American Museum of Natural History, Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, University of Basel, University of Cambridge, Case Western Reserve University, University of Chicago, Drexel University, Fermilab, the Institute for Advanced Study, the Japan Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, the Korean Scientist Group, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), the Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA), New Mexico State University, Ohio State University, University of Pittsburgh, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the United States Naval Observatory, and the University of Washington. NR 85 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2010 VL 716 IS 1 BP 1 EP 29 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/716/1/1 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 600CD UT WOS:000277960000001 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Agudo, I Ajello, M Aller, HD Aller, MF Angelakis, E Arkharov, AA Axelsson, M Bach, U Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Baughman, BM Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Benitez, E Berdyugin, A Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Boettcher, M Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Burrows, D Buson, S Caliandro, GA Calzoletti, L Cameron, RA Capalbi, M Caraveo, PA Carosati, D Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chaty, S Chekhtman, A Chen, WP Chiang, J Chincarini, G Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Colafrancesco, S Cominsky, LR Conrad, J Costamante, L Cutini, S D'ammando, F Deitrick, R D'Elia, V Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Donnarumma, I Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dultzin, D Dumora, D Falcone, A Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Forne, E Fortin, P Frailis, M Fuhrmann, L Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gomez, JL Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Giuliani, A Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Gronwall, C Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Gurwell, MA Hadasch, D Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hays, E Healey, SE Heidt, J Hiriart, D Horan, D Hoversten, EA Hughes, RE Itoh, R Jackson, MS Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Jorstad, SG Kadler, M Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kennea, J Kerr, M Kimeridze, G Knodlseder, J Kocian, ML Kopatskaya, EN Koptelova, E Konstantinova, TS Kovalev, YY Kovalev, YA Kurtanidze, OM Kuss, M Lande, J Larionov, VM Latronico, L Leto, P Lindfors, E Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Marchegiani, P Marscher, AP Marshall, F Max-Moerbeck, W Mazziotta, MN McConville, W McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nestoras, I Nilsson, K Nizhelsky, NA Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Ojha, R Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Osborne, J Ozaki, M Pacciani, L Padovani, P Pagani, C Page, K Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pasanen, M Pavlidou, V Pelassa, V Pepe, M Perri, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piranomonte, S Piron, F Pittori, C Porter, TA Puccetti, S Rahoui, F Raino, S Raiteri, C Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Richards, JL Ritz, S Rochester, LS Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Ros, JA Roth, M Roustazadeh, P Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sadun, A Sanchez, D Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sellerholm, A Sgro, C Shaw, MS Sigua, LA Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Starck, JL Stevenson, M Stratta, G Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Takalo, LO Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Verrecchia, F Vilchez, N Villata, M Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Zensus, JA Zhekanis, GV Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Agudo, I. Ajello, M. Aller, H. D. Aller, M. F. Angelakis, E. Arkharov, A. A. Axelsson, M. Bach, U. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Baughman, B. M. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Benitez, E. Berdyugin, A. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Boettcher, M. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Burrows, D. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Calzoletti, L. Cameron, R. A. Capalbi, M. Caraveo, P. A. Carosati, D. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Charles, E. Chaty, S. Chekhtman, A. Chen, W. P. Chiang, J. Chincarini, G. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Colafrancesco, S. Cominsky, L. R. Conrad, J. Costamante, L. Cutini, S. D'ammando, F. Deitrick, R. D'Elia, V. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. Donnarumma, I. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dultzin, D. Dumora, D. Falcone, A. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Forne, E. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fuhrmann, L. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gomez, J. L. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Giuliani, A. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Gronwall, C. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Gurwell, M. A. Hadasch, D. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Healey, S. E. Heidt, J. Hiriart, D. Horan, D. Hoversten, E. A. Hughes, R. E. Itoh, R. Jackson, M. S. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Jorstad, S. G. Kadler, M. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kennea, J. Kerr, M. Kimeridze, G. Knoedlseder, J. Kocian, M. L. Kopatskaya, E. N. Koptelova, E. Konstantinova, T. S. Kovalev, Y. Y. Kovalev, Yu. A. Kurtanidze, O. M. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Larionov, V. M. Latronico, L. Leto, P. Lindfors, E. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Marchegiani, P. Marscher, A. P. Marshall, F. Max-Moerbeck, W. Mazziotta, M. N. McConville, W. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nestoras, I. Nilsson, K. Nizhelsky, N. A. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Ojha, R. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Osborne, J. Ozaki, M. Pacciani, L. Padovani, P. Pagani, C. Page, K. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pasanen, M. Pavlidou, V. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Perri, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piranomonte, S. Piron, F. Pittori, C. Porter, T. A. Puccetti, S. Rahoui, F. Raino, S. Raiteri, C. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Richards, J. L. Ritz, S. Rochester, L. S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Ros, J. A. Roth, M. Roustazadeh, P. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sadun, A. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sellerholm, A. Sgro, C. Shaw, M. S. Sigua, L. A. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Starck, J. -L. Stevenson, M. Stratta, G. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Takalo, L. O. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Verrecchia, F. Vilchez, N. Villata, M. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Zensus, J. A. Zhekanis, G. V. Ziegler, M. TI THE SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION OF FERMI BRIGHT BLAZARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects: general; galaxies: active; gamma rays: galaxies; quasars: general; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; ALL-SKY SURVEY; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND-RADIATION; LOG-PARABOLIC SPECTRA; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; LAC OBJECTS AB We have conducted a detailed investigation of the broadband spectral properties of the gamma-ray selected blazars of the Fermi LAT Bright AGN Sample (LBAS). By combining our accurately estimated Fermi gamma-ray spectra with Swift, radio, infra-red, optical, and other hard X-ray/gamma-ray data, collected within 3 months of the LBAS data taking period, we were able to assemble high-quality and quasi-simultaneous spectral energy distributions (SED) for 48 LBAS blazars. The SED of these gamma-ray sources is similar to that of blazars discovered at other wavelengths, clearly showing, in the usual log nu-log nu F-nu representation, the typical broadband spectral signatures normally attributed to a combination of low-energy synchrotron radiation followed by inverse Compton emission of one or more components. We have used these SED to characterize the peak intensity of both the low-and the high-energy components. The results have been used to derive empirical relationships that estimate the position of the two peaks from the broadband colors (i.e., the radio to optical, alpha(ro), and optical to X-ray, alpha(ox), spectral slopes) and from the gamma-ray spectral index. Our data show that the synchrotron peak frequency (nu(S)(peak)) is positioned between 10(12.5) and 10(14.5) Hz in broad-lined flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and between 10(13) and 10(17) Hz in featureless BL Lacertae objects. We find that the gamma-ray spectral slope is strongly correlated with the synchrotron peak energy and with the X-ray spectral index, as expected at first order in synchrotron-inverse Compton scenarios. However, simple homogeneous, one-zone, synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) models cannot explain most of our SED, especially in the case of FSRQs and low energy peaked (LBL) BL Lacs. More complex models involving external Compton radiation or multiple SSC components are required to reproduce the overall SED and the observed spectral variability. While more than 50% of known radio bright high energy peaked (HBL) BL Lacs are detected in the LBAS sample, only less than 13% of known bright FSRQs and LBL BL Lacs are included. This suggests that the latter sources, as a class, may be much fainter gamma-ray emitters than LBAS blazars, and could in fact radiate close to the expectations of simple SSC models. We categorized all our sources according to a new physical classification scheme based on the generally accepted paradigm for Active Galactic Nuclei and on the results of this SED study. Since the LAT detector is more sensitive to flat spectrum gamma-ray sources, the correlation between nu(S)(peak) and gamma-ray spectral index strongly favors the detection of high energy peaked blazars, thus explaining the Fermi overabundance of this type of sources compared to radio and EGRET samples. This selection effect is similar to that experienced in the soft X-ray band where HBL BL Lacs are the dominant type of blazars. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Costamante, L.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Healey, S. E.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Costamante, L.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Healey, S. E.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Agudo, I.; Gomez, J. L.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. [Aller, H. D.; Aller, M. F.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. [Angelakis, E.; Bach, U.; Fuhrmann, L.; Guillemot, L.; Kovalev, Y. Y.; Nestoras, I.; Zensus, J. A.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Arkharov, A. A.] Pulkovo Observ, St Petersburg 196140, Russia. [Axelsson, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.] Lund Observ, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Sellerholm, A.; Ylinen, T.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Chaty, S.; Grenier, I. A.; Rahoui, F.; Starck, J. -L.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, Lab AIM,CEA IRFU,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Baughman, B. M.; Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Benitez, E.; Dultzin, D.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Berdyugin, A.; Lindfors, E.; Nilsson, K.; Pasanen, M.; Takalo, L. O.] Univ Turku, Tuorla Observ, FI-21500 Piikkio, Finland. [Boettcher, M.; Roustazadeh, P.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Giebels, B.; Horan, D.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Burrows, D.; Falcone, A.; Gronwall, C.; Hoversten, E. A.; Kennea, J.; Pagani, C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] IEEC CSIC, Inst Ciencias Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Calzoletti, L.; Capalbi, M.; Cavazzuti, E.; Colafrancesco, S.; Cutini, S.; D'Elia, V.; Gasparrini, D.; Giommi, P.; Perri, M.; Pittori, C.; Puccetti, S.; Stratta, G.; Verrecchia, F.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Caraveo, P. A.; Giuliani, A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Carosati, D.] EPT Observ, Tijarafe, La Palma, Spain. [Celik, Oe.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Kadler, M.; Marshall, F.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Kadler, M.; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Greenbelt, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Chen, W. P.; Koptelova, E.] Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Astron, Jhongli 32054, Taiwan. [Chincarini, G.] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20126 Milan, Italy. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Cominsky, L. R.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Conrad, J.; Meurer, C.; Sellerholm, A.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [D'ammando, F.; Donnarumma, I.; Pacciani, L.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Deitrick, R.; Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Coll Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Guillemot, L.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Guillemot, L.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Forne, E.; Ros, J. A.] Agrupacio Astron Sabadell, Sabadell 08206, Spain. [Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Osservatorio Astron Trieste, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Itoh, R.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Gurwell, M. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Heidt, J.] Heidelberg Univ, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Hiriart, D.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Jackson, M. S.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Jorstad, S. G.; Marscher, A. P.] Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Kadler, M.] Dr Remeis Sternwarte Bamberg, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Kadler, M.] Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Kadler, M.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawai, N.] Inst Phys & Chem Res RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Kimeridze, G.; Kurtanidze, O. M.; Sigua, L. A.] Abastumani Observ, GE-0301 Mt Kanobili, Abastumani, Rep of Georgia. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] CNRS UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Kopatskaya, E. N.; Konstantinova, T. S.; Larionov, V. M.] St Petersburg State Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Kovalev, Y. Y.; Kovalev, Yu. A.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Ctr Astro Space, Moscow 117810, Russia. [Leto, P.] Osserv Astrofis Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Marchegiani, P.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Max-Moerbeck, W.; Pavlidou, V.; Richards, J. L.; Stevenson, M.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Nizhelsky, N. A.; Zhekanis, G. V.] Special Astrophys Observ, Nizhnii Arkhyz 369167, Karachai Cherke, Russia. [Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Ojha, R.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Osborne, J.; Page, K.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Ozaki, M.; Takahashi, T.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Padovani, P.] European Org Astron Res So Hemisphere ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Piranomonte, S.] Osserv Astron Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. [Raiteri, C.; Villata, M.] Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, TO, Italy. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Sadun, A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80220 USA. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. [Conrad, J.] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Pittori, Carlotta/C-7710-2016; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Stratta, Maria Giuliana/L-3045-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Starck, Jean-Luc/D-9467-2011; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Larionov, Valeri/H-1349-2013; Kopatskaya, Evgenia/H-4720-2013; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Kurtanidze, Omar/J-6237-2014; Kovalev, Yuri/J-5671-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Pavlidou, Vasiliki/C-2944-2011; Agudo, Ivan/G-1701-2015; Kovalev, Yuri/N-1053-2015; Jorstad, Svetlana/H-6913-2013; Grishina, Tatiana/H-6873-2013; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; OI Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Pittori, Carlotta/0000-0001-6661-9779; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Stratta, Maria Giuliana/0000-0003-1055-7980; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Pacciani, Luigi/0000-0001-6897-5996; Verrecchia, Francesco/0000-0003-3455-5082; Raiteri, Claudia Maria/0000-0003-1784-2784; Padovani, Paolo/0000-0002-4707-6841; Puccetti, Simonetta/0000-0002-2734-7835; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Chaty, Sylvain/0000-0002-5769-8601; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Axelsson, Magnus/0000-0003-4378-8785; Perri, Matteo/0000-0003-3613-4409; D'Elia, Valerio/0000-0002-7320-5862; Villata, Massimo/0000-0003-1743-6946; Leto, Paolo/0000-0003-4864-2806; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Donnarumma, Immacolata/0000-0002-4700-4549; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Starck, Jean-Luc/0000-0003-2177-7794; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Larionov, Valeri/0000-0002-4640-4356; Kopatskaya, Evgenia/0000-0001-9518-337X; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Kovalev, Yuri/0000-0001-9303-3263; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Pavlidou, Vasiliki/0000-0002-0870-1368; Agudo, Ivan/0000-0002-3777-6182; Jorstad, Svetlana/0000-0001-9522-5453; Grishina, Tatiana/0000-0002-3953-6676; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Angelakis, Emmanouil/0000-0001-7327-5441; Kadler, Matthias/0000-0001-5606-6154; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495 FU Fermi-LAT Collaboration; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation in Sweden; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [01-02-6812, 08-02-00545]; Georgian National Science Foundation [GNSF/ST-08/4-404]; Smithsonian Institution; Academia Sinica. St. Petersburg University; Russian RFBR foundation [09-02-00092] FX The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges the generous support of a number of agencies and institutes that have supported the Fermi-LAT Collaboration. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase from the following agencies is also gratefully acknowledged: the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation in Sweden. This research is based also on observations with the 100 m telescope of the MPIfR (Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie) at Effelsberg. RATAN-600 observations are supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (projects 01-02-6812 and 08-02-00545). Part of this work was supported by Georgian National Science Foundation grant GNSF/ST-08/4-404 The mid-infrared VISIR results are based on observations carried out at the European Southern Observatory under programmes ID 078.B-0366, 079.B-0448, and 081.B-0404. The Submillimeter Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. St. Petersburg University team acknowledges support from Russian RFBR foundation via grant 09-02-00092. AZT-24 observations are made within an agreement between Pulkovo, Rome, and Teramo observatories. We acknowledge the use of data and software facilities from the ASDC, managed by the Italian Space Agency (ASI). Part of this work is based on archival data and on bibliographic information obtained from the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) and from the Astrophysics Data System (ADS). NR 103 TC 307 Z9 314 U1 8 U2 32 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2010 VL 716 IS 1 BP 30 EP 70 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/716/1/30 PG 41 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 600CD UT WOS:000277960000002 ER PT J AU Robbrecht, E Wang, YM Sheeley, NR Rich, NB AF Robbrecht, E. Wang, Y. -M. Sheeley, N. R., Jr. Rich, N. B. TI ON THE "EXTENDED" SOLAR CYCLE IN CORONAL EMISSION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: corona; Sun: dynamo; Sun: magnetic topology; sunspots; Sun: surface magnetism ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; TORSIONAL OSCILLATIONS; TEMPERATURE; STRENGTH; DENSITY; WAVES; HOLES AB Butterfly diagrams (latitude-time plots) of coronal emission show a zone of enhanced brightness that appears near the poles just after solar maximum and migrates toward lower latitudes; a bifurcation seems to occur at sunspot minimum, with one branch continuing to migrate equatorward with the sunspots of the new cycle and the other branch heading back to the poles. The resulting patterns have been likened to those seen in torsional oscillations and have been taken as evidence for an extended solar cycle lasting over similar to 17 yr. In order to clarify the nature of the overlapping bands of coronal emission, we construct butterfly diagrams from green-line simulations covering the period 1967-2009 and from 19.5 nm and 30.4 nm observations taken with the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope during 1996-2009. As anticipated from earlier studies, we find that the high-latitude enhancements mark the footpoint areas of closed loops with one end rooted outside the evolving boundaries of the polar coronal holes. The strong underlying fields were built up over the declining phase of the cycle through the poleward transport of active-region flux by the surface meridional flow. Rather than being a precursor of the new-cycle sunspot activity zone, the high-latitude emission forms a physically distinct, U-shaped band that curves upward again as active-region fields emerge at midlatitudes and reconnect with the receding polar-hole boundaries. We conclude that the so-called extended cycle in coronal emission is a manifestation not of early new-cycle activity, but of the poleward concentration of old-cycle trailing-polarity flux by meridional flow. C1 [Robbrecht, E.; Wang, Y. -M.; Sheeley, N. R., Jr.; Rich, N. B.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Robbrecht, E.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Rich, N. B.] Interferometrics Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. RP Robbrecht, E (reprint author), USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM eva.robbrecht@oma.be; yi.wang@nrl.navy.mil; neil.sheeley@nrl.navy.mil; nathan.rich@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA; Office of Naval Research FX We are indebted to R. K. Ulrich (MWO) for making the photospheric field data used in this paper available. This work was funded by NASA and the Office of Naval Research. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2010 VL 716 IS 1 BP 693 EP 700 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/716/1/693 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 600CD UT WOS:000277960000051 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Antolini, E Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Baring, MG Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Celik, O Chekhtman, A Chen, AW Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Colafrancesco, S Conrad, J Cutini, S Dermer, CD de Palma, F Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grandi, P Grenier, IA Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Harding, AK Hayashida, M Horan, D Hughes, RE Itoh, R Jackson, MS Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE McGlynn, S Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nestoras, I Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Okumura, A Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reyes, LC Rodriguez, AY Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sambruna, R Sander, A Sato, R Sgro, C Shaw, MS Siskind, EJ Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stawarz, L Stecker, FW Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibolla, O Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Villata, M Vitale, V von Kienlin, A Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Yang, Z Ylinen, T Ziegler, M Tavecchio, F Sikora, M Schady, P Roming, P Chester, MM Maraschi, L AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Antolini, E. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Baring, M. G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Chekhtman, A. Chen, A. W. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Colafrancesco, S. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. Dermer, C. D. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grandi, P. Grenier, I. A. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Itoh, R. Jackson, M. S. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. McGlynn, S. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nestoras, I. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Okumura, A. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reyes, L. C. Rodriguez, A. Y. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sambruna, R. Sander, A. Sato, R. Sgro, C. Shaw, M. S. Siskind, E. J. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stawarz, L. Stecker, F. W. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibolla, O. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Villata, M. Vitale, V. von Kienlin, A. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Yang, Z. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. Tavecchio, F. Sikora, M. Schady, P. Roming, P. Chester, M. M. Maraschi, L. TI SUZAKU OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS QUASARS: REVEALING THE NATURE OF HIGH-ENERGY BLAZAR EMISSION IN LOW-LEVEL ACTIVITY STATES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; X-rays: galaxies ID XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETOSONIC SHOCK-WAVES; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; RADIO-LOUD QUASARS; X-RAY TELESCOPE; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; GALACTIC NUCLEI; 3C 454.3; AMBIENT RADIATION; NONTHERMAL FLARES AB We present the results from the Suzaku X-ray observations of five flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), namely PKS 0208-512, Q 0827+243, PKS 1127-145, PKS 1510-089, and 3C 454.3. All these sources were additionally monitored simultaneously or quasi-simultaneously by the Fermi satellite in gamma rays and the Swift UVOT in the UV and optical bands, respectively. We constructed their broadband spectra covering the frequency range from 10(14) Hz up to 10(25) Hz, and those reveal the nature of high-energy emission of luminous blazars in their low-activity states. The analyzed X-ray spectra are well fitted by a power-law model with photoelectric absorption. In the case of PKS 0208-512, PKS 1127-145, and 3C 454.3, the X-ray continuum showed indication of hardening at low energies. Moreover, when compared with the previous X-ray observations, we see a significantly increasing contribution of low-energy photons to the total X-ray fluxes when the sources are getting fainter. The same behavior can be noted in the Suzaku data alone. A likely explanation involves a variable, flat-spectrum component produced via inverse-Compton emission, plus an additional, possibly steady soft X-ray component prominent when the source gets fainter. This soft X-ray excess is represented either by a steep power-law (photon indices Gamma similar to 3-5) or a blackbody-type emission with temperatures kT similar to 0.1-0.2 keV. We model the broadband spectra of the five observed FSRQs using synchrotron self-Compton and/or external-Compton radiation models. Our modeling suggests that the difference between the low-and high-activity states in luminous blazars is due to the different total kinetic power of the jet, most likely related to varying bulk Lorentz factor of the outflow within the blazar emission zone. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Dermer, C. D.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Shaw, M. S.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Shaw, M. S.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Antolini, E.; Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Antolini, E.; Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CNRS, CEA IRFU,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Carrigan, S.; Rando, R.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Giebels, B.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Cavazzuti, E.; Colafrancesco, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Giommi, P.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Celik, Oe.; Ferrara, E. C.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; McEnery, J. E.; Sambruna, R.; Stecker, F. W.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Chen, A. W.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Meurer, C.; Yang, Z.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; McGlynn, S.; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Yang, Z.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Dumora, D.; Guillemot, L.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Guillemot, L.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.] Univ Bordeaux, CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Frailis, M.; Roming, P.; Chester, M. M.] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Osservatorio Astron Trieste, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Itoh, R.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Grandi, P.] INAF IASF Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Guillemot, L.; Nestoras, I.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jackson, M. S.; McGlynn, S.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawai, N.] Inst Phys & Chem Res RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] CNRS UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Okumura, A.] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Orlando, E.; von Kienlin, A.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ozaki, M.; Sato, R.; Stawarz, L.; Takahashi, T.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Reyes, L. C.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reyes, L. C.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Roth, M.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Stawarz, L.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tibolla, O.] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Tramacere, A.; Tavecchio, F.] Consorzio Interuniv Fis Spaziale CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Villata, M.] Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, TO, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. [Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Sikora, M.] Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. [Schady, P.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Maraschi, L.] Osservatorio Astron Brena, I-20121 Milan, Italy. [Conrad, J.] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rsato@astro.isas.jaxa.jp RI Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Stecker, Floyd/D-3169-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Grandi, Paola/0000-0003-1848-6013; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Villata, Massimo/0000-0003-1743-6946; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden.; Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France.; L. S. was partially supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education through the project N N203 380336. NR 56 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2010 VL 716 IS 1 BP 835 EP 849 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/716/1/835 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 600CD UT WOS:000277960000064 ER PT J AU Wijesekera, HW Wang, DW Teague, WJ Jarosz, E AF Wijesekera, Hemantha W. Wang, David W. Teague, William J. Jarosz, Ewa TI High sea-floor stress induced by extreme hurricane waves SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION; BOTTOM; HORTENSE; EDOUARD; IVAN AB Strong surface waves and currents generated by major hurricanes can produce extreme forces at the seabed that scour the seafloor and cause massive underwater mudslides. Our understanding of these forces is poor due to lack of concurrent measurements of waves and currents under these storms. Using unique observations collected during the passage of a category-4 hurricane, Ivan, bottom stress due to currents and waves over the outer continental shelf in the Gulf of Mexico was examined. During the passage of Ivan, the bottom stress was highly correlated with the wind with a maximum of about 40% of the wind stress. The bottom stress was dominated by the wave-induced stresses, and exceeded critical levels at depths as large as 90 m. Surprisingly, the bottom damaging stress persisted after the passage of Ivan for about a week, and was modulated by near-inertial waves. Citation: Wijesekera, H. W., D. W. Wang, W. J. Teague, and E. Jarosz (2010), High sea-floor stress induced by extreme hurricane waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L11604, doi: 10.1029/2010GL043124. C1 [Wijesekera, Hemantha W.; Wang, David W.; Teague, William J.; Jarosz, Ewa] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Wijesekera, HW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Bldg 1009,Code 7330, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU Office of Naval Research, NRL [0601153N] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research as part of the NRL's basic research project SEED under program element grant 0601153N. Comments given by Dr. Jim Richman and two anonymous reviewers were greatly appreciated. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 10 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L11604 DI 10.1029/2010GL043124 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 610KS UT WOS:000278732200001 ER PT J AU MacMahan, JH Reniers, AJHM Thornton, EB AF MacMahan, Jamie H. Reniers, Ad J. H. M. Thornton, Ed B. TI Vortical surf zone velocity fluctuations with 0(10) min period SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-INDUCED MACROVORTICES; LONGSHORE CURRENTS; INFRAGRAVITY WAVES; EDGE WAVES; SHEAR INSTABILITIES; RESONANT SCATTERING; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; BARRED BEACHES; RIP CURRENTS; BREAKING AB Observations of velocity fluctuations with periods between about 4 and 30 min, thus longer than infragravity waves and referred to as very low frequency (VLF) surf zone motions, are described and compared with numerical simulations. The VLF motions discussed here exclude instabilities (generated by the wave-driven alongshore current velocity shear) that occur in the same frequency range by selecting cases with weak alongshore currents only. Numerical simulations are based on the linear shallow water equations including friction and forced by nonlinear difference-frequency interactions between incident sea and swell waves. The model is initialized with sea and swell frequency directional spectra observed seaward of the surf zone. Modeled and observed VLF velocity fluctuation magnitudes agree within a factor of 2; both increase approximately linearly with increasing incident wave height and rapidly decay seaward of the surf zone. Observed frequency-wave-number, f-k(y), spectra of VLF velocity fluctuations, estimated with instrumented alongshore arrays, are energetic in a broad range of k(y) in the vortical band. Observed and modeled VLF pressure fluctuations are relatively weak. Still, the model momentum balance suggests that VLF pressure gradients are as important as the nonlinear wave group forcing by sea and swell in accelerating/decelerating the VLF velocities. Model calculations demonstrate that the VLF-f-k(y) response is a function of the modulations of short-wave forcing associated with the frequency directional distribution of the incident sea and swell spectra. This results in VLF motions which span the surf zone and have O(50-1000 m) alongshore scales with O(200-2000 s) time scales. Given the fact that modulations of short waves resulting from directionally spread incident waves are common during field conditions we expect VLFs to be ubiquitous. C1 [MacMahan, Jamie H.; Thornton, Ed B.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Reniers, Ad J. H. M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Reniers, Ad J. H. M.] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Civil Engn & Geosci, Delft, Netherlands. RP MacMahan, JH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Spanagel Hall, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jhmacmah@nps.edu FU ONR [N000140510154, N000140510352, N0001407WR20226, N0001408WR20006, N000140310829, N000140710556]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE 0728324, OCE 0754426]; Dutch National Science Foundation (NWO) [DCB.5856]; University of Miami; Delft University. Accessibility FX We dedicate this manuscript to memory of Howell Peregrine and his vision of surf zone vortical motions. We thank Bob Guza, Steve Elgar, Tom Herbers, and Britt Raubenheimer for providing the field observations, sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. Kent Hathaway and Chuck Long collected the 8 m array data. Jim Noyes generously provided a compendium of processed data results. The authors appreciate the constructive comments and valuable scientific input provided by Bob Guza and Steve Elgar. We appreciate the valuable comments by anonymous reviewers for making this a better manuscript. JM was funded by ONR N000140510154, N000140510352, N0001407WR20226, N0001408WR20006, and the National Science Foundation (NSF) OCE 0728324. AR was funded by ONR under contracts N000140310829 and N000140710556 and NSF funding OCE 0754426. Additional funding for AR was provided by the Dutch National Science Foundation (NWO) contract DCB.5856, the University of Miami and Delft University. Accessibility and permission to use data provided by the Field Research Facility of the US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station's Coastal Engineering Research Center is appreciated very much. NR 55 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 10 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C06007 DI 10.1029/2009JC005383 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 610LY UT WOS:000278735500001 ER PT J AU Wilson, K Das, M Wahl, KJ Colton, RJ Hickman, J AF Wilson, Kerry Das, Mainak Wahl, Kathryn J. Colton, Richard J. Hickman, James TI Measurement of Contractile Stress Generated by Cultured Rat Muscle on Silicon Cantilevers for Toxin Detection and Muscle Performance Enhancement SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; DEFINED SYSTEM; IN-VITRO; FILMS; INTEGRATION; DEVICES; DIFFERENTIATION; MICROSTRUCTURES; FABRICATION; IMPROVEMENT AB Background: To date, biological components have been incorporated into MEMS devices to create cell-based sensors and assays, motors and actuators, and pumps. Bio-MEMS technologies present a unique opportunity to study fundamental biological processes at a level unrealized with previous methods. The capability to miniaturize analytical systems enables researchers to perform multiple experiments in parallel and with a high degree of control over experimental variables for high-content screening applications. Methodology/Principal Findings: We have demonstrated a biological microelectromechanical system (BioMEMS) based on silicon cantilevers and an AFM detection system for studying the physiology and kinetics of myotubes derived from embryonic rat skeletal muscle. It was shown that it is possible to interrogate and observe muscle behavior in real time, as well as selectively stimulate the contraction of myotubes with the device. Stress generation of the tissue was estimated using a modification of Stoney's equation. Calculated stress values were in excellent agreement with previously published results for cultured myotubes, but not adult skeletal muscle. Other parameters such as time to peak tension (TPT), the time to half relaxation (KRT) were compared to the literature. It was observed that the myotubes grown on the BioMEMS device, while generating stress magnitudes comparable to those previously published, exhibited slower TPT and KRT values. However, growth in an enhanced media increased these values. From these data it was concluded that the myotubes cultured on the cantilevers were of an embryonic phenotype. The system was also shown to be responsive to the application of a toxin, veratridine. Conclusions/Significance: The device demonstrated here will provide a useful foundation for studying various aspects of muscle physiology and behavior in a controlled high-throughput manner as well as be useful for biosensor and drug discovery applications. C1 [Wilson, Kerry; Das, Mainak; Hickman, James] Univ Cent Florida, NanoSci Technol Ctr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Wahl, Kathryn J.] USN, Res Lab, Mol Interfaces & Tribol Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Colton, Richard J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wilson, K (reprint author), UCL, London Ctr Nanotechnol, London, England. EM jhickman@mail.ucf.edu OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 FU Office of Naval Research; NIH [5RO1-NS050452]; DARPA [F30602-02-2-0541] FX We would like to acknowledge the MEMS Exchange for fabrication of the cantilevers. Finally, the authors also acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research for this project.; The authors acknowledge funding support from NIH grant 5RO1-NS050452 and DARPA F30602-02-2-0541. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 35 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 10 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 6 AR e11042 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0011042 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 608QA UT WOS:000278599600005 PM 20548775 ER PT J AU Baraket, M Walton, SG Lock, EH Robinson, JT Perkins, FK AF Baraket, M. Walton, S. G. Lock, E. H. Robinson, J. T. Perkins, F. K. TI The functionalization of graphene using electron-beam generated plasmas SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SPECTRA; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; GRAPHITE FLUORIDE; CARBON-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; (CF)N; OXIDE AB A plasmas-based, reversible functionalization of graphene is discussed. Using electron-beam produced plasmas, oxygen and fluorine functionalities have been added by changing the processing gas mixtures from Ar/O-2 to Ar/SF6, respectively. The reversibility of the functionalization was investigated by annealing the samples. The chemical composition and structural changes were studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. [doi: 10.1063/1.3436556] C1 [Baraket, M.; Walton, S. G.; Lock, E. H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Robinson, J. T.; Perkins, F. K.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Baraket, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mira.baraket.ctr@nrl.navy.mil RI Robinson, Jeremy/F-2748-2010 FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research. M.B. appreciates the support of the National Research Council. NR 30 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 52 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 7 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 23 AR 231501 DI 10.1063/1.3436556 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 609YX UT WOS:000278695900017 ER PT J AU Spillmann, CM Kapur, AV Bentrem, FW Naciri, J Ratna, BR AF Spillmann, Christopher M. Kapur, Amit V. Bentrem, Frank W. Naciri, Jawad Ratna, Banahalli R. TI Critical Field Strength in an Electroclinic Liquid Crystal Elastomer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED MOLECULAR TILT; C-STAR TRANSITION; AC PHASE-CHANGE; SOFT-MODE; SWITCHING BEHAVIOR; POLYMER DYNAMICS; FILMS AB We elucidate the polymer dynamics of a liquid crystal elastomer based on the time-dependent response of the pendent liquid crystal mesogens. The molecular tilt and switching time of mesogens are analyzed as a function of temperature and cross-linking density upon application of an electric field. We observe an unexpected maximum in the switching time of the liquid crystal mesogens at intermediate field strength. Analysis of the molecular tilt over multiple time regimes correlates the maximum response time with a transition to entangled polymer dynamics at a critical field strength. C1 [Spillmann, Christopher M.; Kapur, Amit V.; Bentrem, Frank W.; Naciri, Jawad; Ratna, Banahalli R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bentrem, Frank W.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Spillmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM christopher.spillmann@nrl.navy.mil RI Bentrem, Frank/D-5624-2009 OI Bentrem, Frank/0000-0001-5892-4650 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory Advanced Graduate Research Program FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. F.W.B. also received support from the Naval Research Laboratory Advanced Graduate Research Program. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 4 PY 2010 VL 104 IS 22 AR 227802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.227802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 607DA UT WOS:000278477500009 PM 20867206 ER PT J AU Yu, QS Luo, WM Deschamps, J Holloway, HW Kopajtic, T Katz, JL Brossi, A Greig, NH AF Yu, Qian-sheng Luo, Weiming Deschamps, Jeffery Holloway, Harold W. Kopajtic, Theresa Katz, Jonathan L. Brossi, Arnold Greig, Nigel H. TI Preparation and Characterization of Tetrabenazine Enantiomers against Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 SO ACS MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Tetrabenazine enantiomers; vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2); Huntington's chorea; hyperkinesias ID MOVEMENT-DISORDERS; BINDING; DIHYDROTETRABENAZINE; PHARMACOKINETICS; METABOLITE; EMETINE AB As a clinical medication for the treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders, in conditions such as Huntington's disease, tetrabenazine (TBZ) has always been used in its racemic form. To establish whether or not its beneficial therapeutic actions are enantiospecific, a practical total synthetic route was developed to yield each enantiomeric form to allow their chemical and pharmacological characterization. We briefly summarize the total synthesis of TBZ and report a detailed procedure for resolution of TBZ into its enantiomers, (+)-TBZ and (-)-TBZ. This allowed determination of the optical rotation and absolute configurations of each TBZ enantiomer, based on X-ray crystallographic analysis, together with characterization of their inhibitory action at the vesicular monoamine transporter 2, where (+)-TBZ proved 3-fold more active than (-)-TBZ. C1 [Yu, Qian-sheng; Luo, Weiming; Holloway, Harold W.; Greig, Nigel H.] NIA, Drug Design & Dev Sect, Neurosci Lab, Intramural Res Program,Natl Inst Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffery] USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Dept Navy, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kopajtic, Theresa; Katz, Jonathan L.] Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Psychol Sect, Intramural Res Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Brossi, Arnold] Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Greig, NH (reprint author), NIA, Drug Design & Dev Sect, Neurosci Lab, Intramural Res Program,Natl Inst Hlth, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM greign@mail.nih.gov OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010; Katz, Jonathan/0000-0002-1068-1159 FU National Institute on Aging and National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health FX This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Programs of the National Institute on Aging and National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-5875 J9 ACS MED CHEM LETT JI ACS Med. Chem. Lett. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 1 IS 3 BP 105 EP 109 DI 10.1021/ml1000189 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 641NN UT WOS:000281134700004 PM 20694189 ER PT J AU Fletcher, PC Felts, JR Dai, ZT Jacobs, TD Zeng, HJ Lee, W Sheehan, PE Carlisle, JA Carpick, RW King, WP AF Fletcher, Patrick C. Felts, Jonathan R. Dai, Zhenting Jacobs, Tevis D. Zeng, Hongjun Lee, Woo Sheehan, Paul E. Carlisle, John A. Carpick, Robert W. King, William P. TI Wear-Resistant Diamond Nanoprobe Tips with Integrated Silicon Heater for Tip-Based Nanomanufacturing SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscope (AFM); cantilever; ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD); thermal dip-pen nanolithography (tDPN); tip-based nanofabrication (TBN); wear; nanotribology ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; DATA-STORAGE; PROBE; DEPOSITION; POLYMER; CARBON; FILMS AB We report exceptional nanoscale wear and fouling resistance of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) tips integrated with doped silicon atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers. The resistively heated probe can reach temperatures above 600 degrees C. The batch fabrication process produces UNCD tips with radii as small as 15 nm, with average radius 50 nm across the entire wafer. Wear tests were performed on substrates of quartz, silicon carbide, silicon, or UNCD. Tips were scanned for more than 1 m at a scan speed of 25 mu m s(-1) at temperatures ranging from 25 to 400 degrees C under loads up to 200 nN. Under these conditions, silicon tips are partially or completely destroyed, while the UNCD tips exhibit little or no wear, no signs of delamination, and exceptional fouling resistance. We demonstrate nanomanufacturing of more than 5000 polymer nanostructures with no deterioration in the tip. C1 [Fletcher, Patrick C.; Felts, Jonathan R.; Dai, Zhenting; King, William P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Jacobs, Tevis D.; Carpick, Robert W.] Univ Penn, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Zeng, Hongjun; Carlisle, John A.] Adv Diamond Technol Inc, Romeoville, IL 60446 USA. [Lee, Woo; Sheehan, Paul E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP King, WP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM wpk@illinois.edu RI Fletcher, Patrick/B-8985-2008; Felts, Jonathan/L-6466-2013; Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010; OI Fletcher, Patrick/0000-0001-9588-0669; Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124; Jacobs, Tevis/0000-0001-8576-914X FU DARPA; Office of Naval Research Nanoelectronics Program; NSF through the Center for Nanoscale Chemical-Electro-Mechanical Manufacturing Systems (Nano-CEMMS); [CMMI-0826076] FX This work was supported by DARPA TBN program, the Office of Naval Research Nanoelectronics Program, and NSF through the Center for Nanoscale Chemical-Electro-Mechanical Manufacturing Systems (Nano-CEMMS) and Grant CMMI-0826076. NR 36 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUN PY 2010 VL 4 IS 6 BP 3338 EP 3344 DI 10.1021/nn100203d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 612HU UT WOS:000278888600050 PM 20481445 ER PT J AU Jones, K Granado, N Smith, B Slymen, D Ryan, M Boyko, E Gackstetter, G Smith, T AF Jones, K. Granado, N. Smith, B. Slymen, D. Ryan, M. Boyko, E. Gackstetter, G. Smith, T. TI ARE NEWLY-REPORTED LUPUS AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ASSOCIATED WITH US MILITARY DEPLOYMENT IN SUPPORT OF THE OPERATIONS IN IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2010 CL Anaheim, SOLOMON ISLANDS SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Jones, K.; Granado, N.; Smith, B.; Slymen, D.; Ryan, M.; Boyko, E.; Gackstetter, G.; Smith, T.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 171 SU 11 BP S86 EP S86 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 603QO UT WOS:000278223300345 ER PT J AU Pietrucha, A Granado, NS Smith, B Boyko, E Ryan, M Hooper, T Smith, TC AF Pietrucha, A. Granado, N. S. Smith, B. Boyko, E. Ryan, M. Hooper, T. Smith, T. C. TI A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF BACK PAIN IN US MILITARY PERSONNEL DEPLOYED IN SUPPORT OF OPERATIONS IN IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN; THE MILLENNIUM COHORT STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2010 CL Anaheim, SOLOMON ISLANDS SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Pietrucha, A.; Granado, N. S.; Smith, B.; Boyko, E.; Ryan, M.; Hooper, T.; Smith, T. C.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 171 SU 11 BP S87 EP S87 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 603QO UT WOS:000278223300346 ER PT J AU Gentile, E AF Gentile, Eric TI Comment on "How fast could Usain Bolt have run? A dynamical study" by H. K. Eriksen, J. R. Kristiansen, circle divide. Langangen, and I. K. Wehus [Am. J. Phys. 77(3), 224-228 (2009)] SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Corona Div, Corona, CA 92878 USA. RP Gentile, E (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Corona Div, POB 5000, Corona, CA 92878 USA. EM eric.gentile@navy.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 78 IS 6 BP 646 EP 646 DI 10.1119/1.3254365 PG 1 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 595NL UT WOS:000277618000020 ER PT J AU North, SH Lock, EH Taitt, CR Walton, SG AF North, Stella H. Lock, Evgeniya H. Taitt, Chris R. Walton, Scott G. TI Critical aspects of biointerface design and their impact on biosensor development SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biointerface; Biosensor; Surface topography; Bio-immobilization; Surface functionalization; Surface characterization ID MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMERS; BEAM-GENERATED PLASMAS; NUCLEIC-ACID; SURFACE MODIFICATION; QUANTUM DOTS; PROTEINS; RECOGNITION; BINDING; IMMOBILIZATION; NANOPARTICLES AB The stable integration of a biological recognition element on a transducing substrate surface is the single most important step in the creation of a high-functioning sensor surface. The key factors affecting biotic and abiotic functionalities at the biointerface are both chemical and physical. Understanding the interactions between biomolecules and surfaces, and their emergent complexity, is critical for biointerface implementation for sensing applications. In this overview, we highlight materials and methods typically used for biosensor development. Particular emphasis has been given to the experimental evaluation of biointerfacial properties and functionality. Promising research directions for application of biointerfaces to biosensing are suggested. C1 [North, Stella H.; Taitt, Chris R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lock, Evgeniya H.; Walton, Scott G.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chris.taitt@nrl.navy.mil FU American Society of Engineering Education; Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense/Defense Threat Reduction Agency; Office of Naval Research FX S.H.N is a recipient of an American Society of Engineering Education postdoctoral fellowship. This work is funded by Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense/Defense Threat Reduction Agency and the Office of Naval Research. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not represent the opinions of the US Navy, the US Department of Defense, or the US government. NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 397 IS 3 BP 925 EP 933 DI 10.1007/s00216-010-3637-4 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 595EJ UT WOS:000277593200007 PM 20349179 ER PT J AU Hollenbeck, KJ Vander Schuur, BM Tulis, MR Mecklenburg, BW Gaconnet, CP Wallace, SC Lujan, E Lesnik, IK AF Hollenbeck, Kerry J. Vander Schuur, Bryan M. Tulis, Matthew R. Mecklenburg, Brian W. Gaconnet, Cory P. Wallace, Scott C. Lujan, Eugenio Lesnik, Ivan K. TI Effects of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure on Internal Jugular Vein Cross-Sectional Area in Anesthetized Adults SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL VENOUS CANNULATION; TRENDELENBURG POSITION; HEAD ROTATION; INTRATHORACIC PRESSURE; DIAMETER; ACCESS; MANEUVERS; METAANALYSIS; COMPRESSION; PLACEMENT AB We tested whether positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) increases right internal jugular vein (RIJV) cross-sectional area (CSA) in 45 ASA physical status I and II adults. All patients received a standardized IV fluid bolus, induction of general anesthesia, tracheal intubation, and mechanical ventilation. We evaluated the CSA of the RIJV using ultrasound without PEEP (control) and with PEEP (10 cm H(2)O) in the supine, level position. Addition of PEEP increased RIJV CSA 0.42 +/- 0.41 cm(2) (mean +/- SD, median 0.34 cm(2), P < 0.001), which represented a 41% mean increase in CSA. (Anesth Analg 2010;110:1669-73) C1 [Hollenbeck, Kerry J.; Vander Schuur, Bryan M.; Tulis, Matthew R.; Mecklenburg, Brian W.; Gaconnet, Cory P.; Wallace, Scott C.; Lujan, Eugenio; Lesnik, Ivan K.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Hollenbeck, KJ (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM kerry.hollenbeck@med.navy.mil NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 110 IS 6 BP 1669 EP 1673 DI 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181da92e4 PG 5 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 604FW UT WOS:000278263700028 PM 20385614 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS Tanen, DA Lairet, J Dixon, PS Valtier, S Bush, A AF Bebarta, Vikhyat S. Tanen, David A. Lairet, Julio Dixon, Patricia S. Valtier, Sandra Bush, Anneke TI Hydroxocobalamin and Sodium Thiosulfate versus Sodium Nitrite and Sodium Thiosulfate in Acute Cyanide Toxicity reply SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID ANTIDOTE HYDROXOCOBALAMIN C1 [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.; Lairet, Julio] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Tanen, David A.] USN, Dept Emergency Med, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Dixon, Patricia S.; Valtier, Sandra; Bush, Anneke] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Clin Res, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Bebarta, VS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 55 IS 6 BP 582 EP 583 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.01.007 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 609RC UT WOS:000278673800023 ER PT J AU Amundson, D Dadekian, G Etienne, M Gleeson, T Hicks, T Killian, D Kratovil, K Lewis, C Monsour, M Pasiuk, B Rhodes, D Miller, EJ AF Amundson, Dennis Dadekian, Greg Etienne, Mill Gleeson, Todd Hicks, Thomas Killian, Dermot Kratovil, Kristina Lewis, Chris Monsour, Michael Pasiuk, Bret Rhodes, Dolores Miller, Edward J. TI Practicing Internal Medicine Onboard the USNS COMFORT in the Aftermath of the Haitian Earthquake SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material AB On 12 January 2010, a 7.0-magnitude earthquake devastated the island nation of Haiti, leading to the world's largest humanitarian effort in over 6 decades. The catastrophe caused massive destruction of homes and buildings and overwhelmed the Haitian health care system. The United States responded immediately with a massive relief effort, sending U. S. military forces and civilian volunteers to Haiti's aid and providing a tertiary care medical center aboard the USNS COMFORT hospital ship. The COMFORT offered sophisticated medical care to a geographically isolated population and helped to transfer resource-intensive patients from other treatment facilities. Working collaboratively with the surgical staff, ancillary services, and nursing staff, internists aboard the COMFORT were integral to supporting the mission of the hospital ship and provided high-level care to the casualties. This article provides the perspective of the U. S. Navy internists who participated in the initial response to the Haitian earthquake disaster onboard the COMFORT. C1 [Miller, Edward J.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Cardiol Sect, Dept Internal Med, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN Hosp, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Miller, EJ (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Cardiol Sect, Dept Internal Med, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM edward.miller@med.navy.mil OI Miller, Edward/0000-0002-2156-5962 NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 EI 1539-3704 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 152 IS 11 BP 733 EP 737 DI 10.7326/0003-4819-152-11-201006010-00215 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 608CT UT WOS:000278560000007 PM 20197507 ER PT J AU Maguire, JD Baird, JK AF Maguire, J. D. Baird, J. K. TI The 'non-falciparum' malarias: the roles of epidemiology, parasite biology, clinical syndromes, complications and diagnostic rigour in guiding therapeutic strategies SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PLASMODIUM-VIVAX MALARIA; RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; SPONTANEOUS SPLENIC RUPTURE; BENIGN TERTIAN MALARIA; CHILDHOOD NEPHROTIC SYNDROME; PRIMAQUINE THERAPY; CHLOROQUINE RESISTANCE; KNOWLESI INFECTION; NORTHERN NIGERIA; IMPORTED MALARIA AB Plasmodium vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae and P. falciparum routinely infect humans. The infections caused by these parasites are loosely referred to as vivax (or benign tertian), ovale, malariae (or quartan) and falciparum (or malignant tertian) malaria, respectively. Recently, P. knowlesi, a parasite of macaque monkeys in South-east Asia, has been identified as the cause of uncomplicated and severe human malaria in Malaysian Borneo. The prescription of appropriate therapies for reliably diagnosed malaria requires a grasp of the epidemiology of the 'non-falciparum' malarias, the biology of the parasites involved, the chemotherapeutic strategies that are available and the problems of emerging drug resistance and changing clinical syndromes. This review is intended to increase clinicians' understanding of how these factors relate to the selection of the antimalarial drugs to be given to a case of 'non-falciparum' malaria, with the aims of improving outcomes and preventing relapses and recrudescences. C1 [Maguire, J. D.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Baird, J. K.] Eijkman Oxford Clin Res Unit, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia. [Baird, J. K.] Univ Oxford, Churchill Hosp, Ctr Res Clin Trop Med, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England. RP Maguire, JD (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM jason.maguire@med.navy.mil NR 100 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 104 IS 4 BP 283 EP 301 DI 10.1179/136485910X12743554760027 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 628HW UT WOS:000280107700001 PM 20659390 ER PT J AU Birnbaum, AJ Kim, H Charipar, NA Pique, A AF Birnbaum, Andrew J. Kim, Heungsoo Charipar, Nicholas A. Pique, Alberto TI Laser printing of multi-layered polymer/metal heterostructures for electronic and MEMS devices SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS AB A laser forward transfer technique for the simultaneous printing of polymer/metal stacked micro-laminates is introduced. Several different material combinations as well as stacking architectures are presented including single laser pulse deposited dual layer capacitors, three-layer stacks for potentially printing organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs), and photo-definable polymer/metal laminates and free-standing membranes for MEMS based sensors. C1 [Birnbaum, Andrew J.; Kim, Heungsoo; Charipar, Nicholas A.; Pique, Alberto] USN, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), USN, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Code 6364, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pique@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 99 IS 4 BP 711 EP 716 DI 10.1007/s00339-010-5743-8 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 607PX UT WOS:000278519700004 ER PT J AU O'Sullivan, DW Denzel, JR Prak, DJL AF O'Sullivan, Daniel W. Denzel, Jeffrey R. Prak, Dianne J. Luning TI Photolysis of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene and 2,6-Dinitrotoluene in Seawater SO AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Explosives; Solar simulator; Nitroaromatic compounds; Photolysis; Seawater ID NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; WATERS; PHOTODEGRADATION; EXPLOSIVES; SOLUBILITY; REDUCTION AB The purpose of this experiment was to determine the rate of photolysis for 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) in salt water and pure water, examine the influence of salt concentration on the photolysis rate, and to identify the products of the photolysis of 2,4-DNT and 2,6-DNT in seawater. For the photolysis of 2,4-DNT in pure water, the half-life was longer than 100 h, whereas the photolysis half-life in salt water was similar to 15 h. For 2,6-DNT, the pure water photolysis half-life was close to 20 h, but the salt water photolysis half-life was only 5 h. The photolysis rate for 2,6-DNT in seawater was affected by the ionic strength of the parent solution and was independent of the identity of the salt. The photolysis of both DNTs in seawater resulted in a complex mixture of products that exhibit a distinct yellow color. Analysis by gas and liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS, LCMS) following liquid-liquid extraction or solid phase extractions resulted in the confirmation of the corresponding dinitrobenzaldhydes and dinitrobenzoic acids as photolysis products and a probable azoxy compound among the photolysis products in seawater. C1 [O'Sullivan, Daniel W.; Denzel, Jeffrey R.; Prak, Dianne J. Luning] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Sullivan, DW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM osulliva@usna.edu RI Luning Prak, Dianne/B-8503-2011; OI Luning Prak, Dianne/0000-0002-5589-7287; O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development [ER-1431] FX The authors wish to thank Ms. Jackie Brown and Ms. Kristine Selde for their assistance with the analytical equipment. This work was supported by Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program through ER-1431 to DWO. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1380-6165 J9 AQUAT GEOCHEM JI Aquat. Geochem. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 16 IS 3 SI SI BP 491 EP 505 DI 10.1007/s10498-010-9089-9 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 589GK UT WOS:000277134700012 ER PT J AU Ashjian, CJ Braund, SR Campbell, RG George, JC Kruse, J Maslowski, W Moore, SE Nicolson, CR Okkonen, SR Sherr, BF Sherr, EB Spitz, YH AF Ashjian, Carin J. Braund, Stephen R. Campbell, Robert G. George, J. C. Craig Kruse, Jack Maslowski, Wieslaw Moore, Sue E. Nicolson, Craig R. Okkonen, Stephen R. Sherr, Barry F. Sherr, Evelyn B. Spitz, Yvette H. TI Climate Variability, Oceanography, Bowhead Whale Distribution, and Inupiat Subsistence Whaling near Barrow, Alaska SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE bowhead whale; plankton; oceanography; Beaufort Sea; subsistence whaling ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; ARCTIC-OCEAN; CHUKCHI SEA; CIRCULATION; SHELF; ZOOPLANKTON; FLOW; ICE; REGIMES; OREGON AB The annual migration of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) past Barrow, Alaska, has provided subsistence hunting to Inupiat for centuries. Bowheads recurrently feed on aggregations of zooplankton prey near Barrow in autumn. The mechanisms that form these aggregations, and the associations between whales and oceanography, were investigated using field sampling, retrospective analysis, and traditional knowledge interviews. Oceanographic and aerial surveys were conducted near Barrow during August and September in 2005 and 2006. Multiple water masses were observed, and close coupling between water mass type and biological characteristics was noted. Short-term variability in hydrography was associated with changes in wind speed and direction that profoundly affected plankton taxonomic composition. Aggregations of ca. 50-100 bowhead whales were observed in early September of both years at locations consistent with traditional knowledge. Retrospective analyses of records for 1984-2004 also showed that annual aggregations of whales near Barrow were associated with wind speed and direction. Euphausiids and copepods appear to be upwelled onto the Beaufort Sea shelf during E or SE winds. A favorable feeding environment is produced when these plankton are retained and concentrated on the shelf by the prevailing westward Beaufort Sea shelf currents that converge with the Alaska Coastal Current flowing to the northeast along the eastern edge of Barrow Canyon. C1 [Ashjian, Carin J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Braund, Stephen R.] Stephen R Braund & Associates, Anchorage, AK 99510 USA. [Campbell, Robert G.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [George, J. C. Craig] N Slope Borough Dept Wildlife Management, Barrow, AK 99723 USA. [Kruse, Jack] Univ Alaska, Inst Social & Econ Res, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Maslowski, Wieslaw] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Moore, Sue E.] NOAA Fisheries, Off Sci & Technol, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Nicolson, Craig R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Okkonen, Stephen R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Sherr, Barry F.; Sherr, Evelyn B.; Spitz, Yvette H.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ashjian, CJ (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM cashjian@whoi.edu FU NSF [OPP-0436131, OPP-0436110, OPP-0436009, OPP-043166, OPP-0435956] FX Many people contributed to the success of this project. Captain Bill Kopplin and co-captains Ned Manning and Mike Johnson of the R/V Annika Marie were integral members of the project team. We particularly thank the local bowhead whale hunters who provided their time and knowledge during interviews. Philip Alatalo (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), Aaron Hartz (Oregon State University), and David Leach (University of Alaska Fair-banks) provided critical sampling, logistic, and analysis support for the oceanographic fieldwork. Daniel Torres (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) processed the 2006 ADCP data. Joe Jennings (Oregon. State University) analyzed the nutrient samples. Elizabeth Sears, Stephanie Schively, and Iris Prophet of Stephen R. Braund & Associates conducted interviews, prepared maps, and analyzed data from the interviews with the Barrow whalers. Ralph Aiken piloted the 2005 aerial surveys. Aerial surveys in 2006 were flown in collaboration with Charles Monnett of the Minerals Management Service. Logistic support at Barrow both before and during the project was provided by the Barrow Arctic Science Consortium (BASC); many thanks to Glenn Sheehan, Henry Gueco, Robert Bulger, Alice Drake, and all members of the BASC staff. Logistic support at Prudhoe Bay was provided through Veco Polar. Services and coordinated by Mann Kuezinga. Access to West Dock in Prudhoe Bay was facilitated by Bill Streever and Wilson Cullor of British Petroleum. Two high school teachers, Jeff Manker and Kirk Beckendorf, participated in the fieldwork with support of the NSF-sponsored ARMADA program at the University of Rhode Island. We thank the Barrow Whaling Captains Association, particularly Eugene Brower, the Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission, the City of Barrow, and the North Slope Borough for their support of this project. Cyd Hanns, Robert Suydam, Harry Brower, and Taqlik Hepa of the North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management also contributed to the success of this project. We thank also Lloyd Lowry and an anonymous reviewer for their comments and suggestions that improved this manuscript. This work was supported by NSF Grants OPP-0436131 to C. Ashjian (S. Braund Subcontract), OPP-0436110 to R. Campbell, OPP-0436127 to W. Maslowski, OPP-0436009 to C. Nicolson and J. Kruse, OPP-043166 to S. Okkonen, and OPP-0435956 to Y. Spitz, E. Sherr, and B. Sherr. NR 46 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 49 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD JUN PY 2010 VL 63 IS 2 BP 179 EP 194 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 618TY UT WOS:000279379800005 ER PT J AU Philippon, MJ Briggs, KK Hay, CJ Kuppersmith, DA Dewing, CB Huang, MJ AF Philippon, Marc J. Briggs, Karen K. Hay, Connor J. Kuppersmith, David A. Dewing, Christopher B. Huang, Michael J. TI Arthroscopic Labral Reconstruction in the Hip Using Iliotibial Band Autograft: Technique and Early Outcomes SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL; 2-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; ACETABULAR LABRUM; FEMOROACETABULAR IMPINGEMENT; HOCKEY PLAYERS; REPAIR; CARTILAGE; SEAL AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the indications for and outcomes of arthroscopic labral reconstruction in the hip by use of iliotibial band (ITB) autograft. Methods: Between August 2005 and May 2008, the senior author (M.J.P.) performed 95 arthroscopic labral reconstructions using an ITB autograft in patients with advanced labral degeneration or deficiency. There were 47 patients who had undergone surgery at a minimum of 1 year previously and met the inclusion criteria. The modified Harris Hip Score (MHHS) and patient satisfaction were used to measure outcomes postoperatively. The labral autograft was harvested from the ITB through a separate incision. The graft was sutured to the intact labral remnant in the region of labral deficiency, re-establishing the suction seal of the hip joint. Results: There were 32 men and 15 women. The mean age at the time of surgery was 37 years (range, 18 to 55 years). The mean time from the onset of symptoms to labral reconstruction was 36 months (range, 1 month to 12 years). Subsequent total hip arthroplasty was performed in 4 patients (9%). Follow-up was obtained in 37 of the remaining 43 patients. The mean time to follow-up was 18 months (range, 12 to 32 months). The mean MHHS improved from 62 (range, 35 to 92) preoperatively to 85 (range, 53 to 100) postoperatively (P = .001). Median patient satisfaction was 8 out of 10 (range, 1 to 10). Patients who were treated within 1 year of injury had higher MHHSs than patients who waited longer than 1 year (93 v 81, P = .03). The independent predictor of patient satisfaction with outcome after labral reconstruction was age. Conclusions: This study showed that patients who have labral deficiency or advanced labral degeneration had good outcomes and high patient satisfaction after arthroscopic intervention with acetabular labral reconstruction. Lower satisfaction was associated with joint space narrowing and increased age. Patients who waited longer than 1 year from the time of injury to surgery had lower function at follow-up than those treated in the first year. Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic case series. C1 [Philippon, Marc J.; Briggs, Karen K.; Hay, Connor J.; Kuppersmith, David A.] Steadman Philippon Res Inst, Vail, CO 81657 USA. [Huang, Michael J.] Rocky Mt Orthoped Associates, Grand Junction, CO USA. [Dewing, Christopher B.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Philippon, MJ (reprint author), Steadman Philippon Res Inst, 181 W Meadow Dr,Ste 1000, Vail, CO 81657 USA. EM karen.briggs@shsmf.org FU Smith & Nephew, Andover, MA FX Supported by Smith & Nephew, Andover, MA. NR 24 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD JUN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 6 BP 750 EP 756 DI 10.1016/j.arthro.2009.10.016 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 613AI UT WOS:000278947600011 PM 20511032 ER PT J AU Philippon, MJ Wolff, AB Briggs, KK Zehms, CT Kuppersmith, DA AF Philippon, Marc J. Wolff, Andrew B. Briggs, Karen K. Zehms, Chad T. Kuppersmith, David A. TI Acetabular Rim Reduction for the Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement Correlates With Preoperative and Postoperative Center-Edge Angle SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article ID ARTHROSCOPIC MANAGEMENT; HIP ARTHROSCOPY; DYSPLASIA; OSTEOARTHRITIS; ADULT AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to quantify the change in degrees in the center-edge (CE) angle for each millimeter of acetabular rim resected in hips undergoing arthroscopic acetabular rim trimming. Methods: Preoperative and postoperative CE angle and millimeters of rim reduction were prospectively collected in 58 hips that underwent arthroscopic rim reduction. There were 35 women and 23 men. The mean age was 32 years. The inclusion criterion was hip arthroscopy for femoro-acetabular impingement in patients without dysplastic hips. Two orthopaedic surgeons made independent measurements of the CE angle on preoperative and postoperative anteroposterior pelvis radiographs. To determine the amount of rim reduction intraoperatively, the lunate surface was measured with an arthroscopic ruler at the 12-o'clock position before and after rim trimming. The rim trimming was performed by a single surgeon using a 5.5-mm motorized bur. Results: For the 58 hips included in this study, the mean rim reduction performed was 3.2 mm (range, 1 to 9 mm). The mean change in CE angle was 3.9 (range, 0 to 17). All numbers were normally distributed. By use of a regression model, the change in the CE angle could be determined by the following formula: Change in CE angle = 1.8 + (0.64 x rim reduction in millimeters). The interobserver intraclass correlation coefficient for radiographic measurement of the CE angle was 0.92 (95% confidence interval, 0.87 to 0.95), indicating excellent interobserver reliability. Conclusions: The amount of change in the CE angle can be estimated by the amount of bony resection performed at the 12-o'clock position on the lunate surface in the arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement. We found that 1 mm of bony resection equals 2.4 of change in the CE angle and 5 mm of bony resection equals 5 of change in the CE angle. Level of Evidence: Level II, diagnostic study. C1 [Philippon, Marc J.; Briggs, Karen K.; Kuppersmith, David A.] Steadman Philippon Res Inst, Vail, CO USA. [Wolff, Andrew B.] Nirschl Orthopaed Ctr, Arlington, VA USA. [Zehms, Chad T.] USN, Hlth Clin, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Philippon, MJ (reprint author), Steadman Hawkins Res Fdn, 181 W Meadow Dr,Ste 1000, Vail, CO 81657 USA. EM karen.briggs@shsmf.org FU Smith & Nephew, Andover, MA FX Supported by Smith & Nephew, Andover, MA. NR 22 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD JUN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 6 BP 757 EP 761 DI 10.1016/j.arthro.2009.11.003 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 613AI UT WOS:000278947600012 PM 20511033 ER PT J AU Zacharias, N Finch, C Girard, T Hambly, N Wycoff, G Zacharias, MI Castillo, D Corbin, T DiVittorio, M Dutta, S Gaume, R Gauss, S Germain, M Hall, D Hartkopf, W Hsu, D Holdenried, E Makarov, V Martines, M Mason, B Monet, D Rafferty, T Rhodes, A Siemers, T Smith, D Tilleman, T Urban, S Wieder, G Winter, L Young, A AF Zacharias, N. Finch, C. Girard, T. Hambly, N. Wycoff, G. Zacharias, M. I. Castillo, D. Corbin, T. DiVittorio, M. Dutta, S. Gaume, R. Gauss, S. Germain, M. Hall, D. Hartkopf, W. Hsu, D. Holdenried, E. Makarov, V. Martines, M. Mason, B. Monet, D. Rafferty, T. Rhodes, A. Siemers, T. Smith, D. Tilleman, T. Urban, S. Wieder, G. Winter, L. Young, A. TI THE THIRD US NAVAL OBSERVATORY CCD ASTROGRAPH CATALOG (UCAC3) SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; catalogs; reference systems; stars: kinematics and dynamics ID SUPERCOSMOS SKY SURVEY AB The third US Naval Observatory (USNO) CCD Astrograph Catalog, UCAC3, was released at the IAU General Assembly on 2009 August 10. It is the first all-sky release in this series and contains just over 100 million objects, about 95 million of them with proper motions, covering about R = 8-16 mag. Current epoch positions are obtained from the observations with the 20 cm aperture USNO Astrograph's "red lens," equipped with a 4k x 4k CCD. Proper motions are derived by combining these observations with over 140 ground-and space-based catalogs, including Hipparcos/Tycho and the AC2000.2, as well as unpublished measures of over 5000 plates from other astrographs. For most of the faint stars in the southern hemisphere, the Yale/San Juan first epoch plates from the Southern Proper Motion (SPM) program (YSJ1) form the basis for proper motions. These data are supplemented by all-sky Schmidt plate survey astrometry and photometry obtained from the SuperCOSMOS project, as well as 2MASS near-IR photometry. Major differences of UCAC3 data as compared with UCAC2 include a completely new raw data reduction with improved control over systematic errors in positions, significantly improved photometry, slightly deeper limiting magnitude, coverage of the north pole region, greater completeness by inclusion of double stars, and weak detections. This of course leads to a catalog which is not as "clean" as UCAC2 and problem areas are outlined for the user in this paper. The positional accuracy of stars in UCAC3 is about 15-100 mas per coordinate, depending on magnitude, while the errors in proper motions range from 1 to 10 mas yr(-1) depending on magnitude and observing history, with a significant improvement over UCAC2 achieved due to the re-reduced SPM data and inclusion of more astrograph plate data unavailable at the time of UCAC2. C1 [Zacharias, N.; Finch, C.; Wycoff, G.; Zacharias, M. I.; Corbin, T.; Dutta, S.; Gaume, R.; Gauss, S.; Hall, D.; Hartkopf, W.; Hsu, D.; Holdenried, E.; Makarov, V.; Mason, B.; Rafferty, T.; Siemers, T.; Smith, D.; Urban, S.; Wieder, G.; Winter, L.; Young, A.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Girard, T.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Hambly, N.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Castillo, D.] Dept Sci Operat, San Pedro De Atacama, II Region, Chile. [DiVittorio, M.; Monet, D.; Rhodes, A.; Tilleman, T.] USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Germain, M.] Boeing Co, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. [Martines, M.] European So Observ, Sector Aeroparque, La Serena, Chile. RP Zacharias, N (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM nz@usno.navy.mil OI Urban, Sean/0000-0003-3280-6693; Makarov, Valeri/0000-0003-2336-7887 NR 18 TC 263 Z9 271 U1 2 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 139 IS 6 BP 2184 EP 2199 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/139/6/2184 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 595WG UT WOS:000277643700006 ER PT J AU Finch, CT Zacharias, N Wycoff, GL AF Finch, Charlie T. Zacharias, Norbert Wycoff, Gary L. TI UCAC3: ASTROMETRIC REDUCTIONS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; catalogs; methods: data analysis ID CATALOG; SYSTEM; STARS AB Presented here are the details of the astrometric reductions from the x, y data to mean right ascension (R. A.), declination (decl.) coordinates of the third U. S. Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC3). For these new reductions we used over 216,000 CCD exposures. The Two-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) data are used extensively to probe for coordinate and coma-like systematic errors in UCAC data mainly caused by the poor charge transfer efficiency of the 4K CCD. Errors up to about 200 mas have been corrected using complex look-up tables handling multiple dependences derived from the residuals. Similarly, field distortions and sub-pixel phase errors have also been evaluated using the residuals with respect to 2MASS. The overall magnitude equation is derived from UCAC calibration field observations alone, independent of external catalogs. Systematic errors of positions at the UCAC observing epoch as presented in UCAC3 are better corrected than in the previous catalogs for most stars. The Tycho-2 catalog is used to obtain final positions on the International Celestial Reference Frame. Residuals of the Tycho-2 reference stars show a small magnitude equation (depending on declination zone) that might be inherent in the Tycho-2 catalog. C1 [Finch, Charlie T.; Zacharias, Norbert; Wycoff, Gary L.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Finch, CT (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM finch@usno.navy.mil NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 139 IS 6 BP 2200 EP 2207 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/139/6/2200 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 595WG UT WOS:000277643700007 ER PT J AU Zacharias, N AF Zacharias, Norbert TI UCAC3 PIXEL PROCESSING SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; catalogs; methods: data analysis ID CATALOG AB The third US Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog, UCAC3, was released at the IAU General Assembly on 2009 August 10. It is a highly accurate, all-sky astrometric catalog of about 100 million stars in the R = 8-16 mag range. Recent epoch observations are based on over 270,000 CCD exposures, which have been reprocessed for the UCAC3 release applying traditional and new techniques. Challenges in the data have been high dark current and asymmetric image profiles due to the poor charge transfer efficiency of the detector. Non-Gaussian image profile functions were explored and correlations are found for profile fit parameters with properties of the CCD frames. These were utilized to constrain the image profile fit models and adequately describe the observed point-spread function of stellar images with a minimum number of free parameters. Using an appropriate model function, blended images of double stars could be fit successfully. UCAC3 positions are derived from two-dimensional image profile fits with a five-parameter, symmetric Lorentz profile model. Internal precisions of about 5 mas per coordinate and single exposure are found, which are degraded by the atmosphere to about 10 mas. However, systematic errors exceeding 100 mas are present in the x, y data which have been corrected in the astrometric reductions following the x, y data reduction step described here. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Zacharias, N (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM nz@usno.navy.mil NR 11 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 139 IS 6 BP 2208 EP 2217 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/139/6/2208 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 595WG UT WOS:000277643700008 ER PT J AU Balan, A Tycner, C Zavala, RT Benson, JA Hutter, DJ Templeton, M AF Balan, Aurelian Tycner, C. Zavala, R. T. Benson, J. A. Hutter, D. J. Templeton, M. TI THE SPATIALLY RESOLVED H alpha-EMITTING WIND STRUCTURE OF P CYGNI SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: individual (P Cyg); stars: winds, outflows; techniques: interferometric ID BISPECTRUM SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY; PROTOTYPE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER; WOLF-RAYET STARS; MASS-LOSS; CALIBRATION; PARAMETERS; NEBULA; LINES; DISK AB High spatial resolution observations of the H alpha-emitting wind structure associated with the luminous blue variable star P Cygni were obtained with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer. These observations represent the most comprehensive interferometric data set on P Cyg to date. We demonstrate how the apparent size of the H alpha-emitting region of the wind structure of P Cyg compares between the 2005, 2007, and 2008 observing seasons and how this relates to the H alpha line spectroscopy. Using the data sets from 2005, 2007, and 2008 observing seasons, we fit a circularly symmetric Gaussian model to the interferometric signature from the H alpha-emitting wind structure of P Cyg. Based on our results, we conclude that the radial extent of the H alpha-emitting wind structure around P Cyg is stable at the 10% level. We also show how the radial distribution of the H alpha flux from the wind structure deviates from a Gaussian shape, whereas a two-component Gaussian model is sufficient to fully describe the H alpha-emitting region around P Cyg. C1 [Balan, Aurelian; Tycner, C.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Zavala, R. T.; Benson, J. A.; Hutter, D. J.] USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Templeton, M.] Amer Assoc Variable Star Observers, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Balan, A (reprint author), Delta Coll, Div Sci, Univ Ctr, Bay City, MI 48710 USA. EM abalan@delta.edu; c.tycner@cmich.edu; bzavala@nofs.navy.mil; jbenson@nofs.navy.mil; djh@nofs.navy.mil; matthewt@aavso.org RI Zavala, Robert/D-7821-2011 OI Zavala, Robert/0000-0002-9402-2870 FU Office of Naval Research; Oceanographer of the Navy; Central Michigan University; Research Corporation for Science Advancement FX The Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer is a joint project of the Naval Research Laboratory and the U.S. Naval Observatory, in cooperation with Lowell Observatory, and is funded by the Office of Naval Research and the Oceanographer of the Navy. We thank Anatoly Miroshnichenko and Glen Williams for valuable suggestions on how to improve the modeling section of this work. We are very grateful for the very detailed and constructive comments and suggestions we have received from the anonymous referee. We thank the Lowell Observatory for the generous telescope time allocation on the John S. Hall Telescope and Nevena Markova for providing us with electronic files of the published data. We acknowledge with thanks the variable star observations of the AAVSO Photoelectric Photometry program contributed by observers worldwide and used in this research. A. B. and C. T. thank Central Michigan University for the financial support for this project. C. T. acknowledges, with thanks, grant support from Research Corporation for Science Advancement. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services, and the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 139 IS 6 BP 2269 EP 2278 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/139/6/2269 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 595WG UT WOS:000277643700014 ER PT J AU Farrington, CD Ten Brummelaar, TA Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI McAlister, HA Raghavan, D Turner, NH Sturmann, L Sturmann, J Ridgway, ST AF Farrington, C. D. Ten Brummelaar, T. A. Mason, B. D. Hartkopf, W. I. McAlister, H. A. Raghavan, D. Turner, N. H. Sturmann, L. Sturmann, J. Ridgway, S. T. TI SEPARATED FRINGE PACKET OBSERVATIONS WITH THE CHARA ARRAY. I. METHODS AND NEW ORBITS FOR chi DRACONIS, HD 184467, AND HD 198084 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: close; infrared: stars; stars: individual (chi Draconis, HD 184467, HD 198084) techniques: high angular resolution; techniques: interferometric ID BINARY STAR ORBITS; SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY; ASTROMETRY; CATALOG; VELOCITIES AB We present the modification of the orbits of. Draconis and HD 184467, and a completely new orbit for HD 198084, including data taken at the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy (CHARA) Array. These data were obtained using a modification of the technique of separated fringe packets (SFPs). The accuracy of the SFP data surpasses that of data taken by speckle, but the technique is much more time and labor intensive. Additionally, using SFPs with the CHARA Array, it is possible to obtain separations below the detection range of speckle interferometry (>= 30 mas) above the range in "classic" long-baseline interferometry where fringes from a binary overlap are no longer separated (<= 10 mas). Using spectroscopic binary systems with published speckle orbits, we are able to test our new measurements against their ephemerides to calibrate the method as well as produce entirely new orbits for systems with no current astrometric observations. C1 [Farrington, C. D.; Ten Brummelaar, T. A.; Turner, N. H.; Sturmann, L.; Sturmann, J.] CHARA Array, Mt Wilson Observ, Mt Wilson, CA 92103 USA. [Mason, B. D.; Hartkopf, W. I.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [McAlister, H. A.; Raghavan, D.] Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Ridgway, S. T.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. RP Farrington, CD (reprint author), CHARA Array, Mt Wilson Observ, Mt Wilson, CA 92103 USA. EM farrington@chara-array.org; bdm@usno.navy.mil; wih@usno.navy.mil; hal@chara.gsu.edu; raghavan@chara.gsu.edu; sturmann@chara-array.org; judit@chara-array.org; sridgway@noao.edu FU National Science Foundation, Georgia State University; W. M. Keck Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; National Science Foundation [AST 0908253]; office of the Dean of the College of Arts and Science at Georgia State University; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH06AD70I]; U.S. Naval Observatory FX The CHARA Array, operated by Georgia State University, was built with funding provided by the National Science Foundation, Georgia State University, the W. M. Keck Foundation, and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. This research is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant AST 0908253 as well as by funding from the office of the Dean of the College of Arts and Science at Georgia State University. B. D. M. and W.I.H. have been supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under reimbursable no. NNH06AD70I, issued through the Terrestrial Planet Finder Foundation Science program. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. Thanks are also extended to Ken Johnston and the U.S. Naval Observatory for their continued support of the Double Star Program. We thank John Monnier and Guillermo Torres for the orbital solutions and distance corrections they provided. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 139 IS 6 BP 2308 EP 2318 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/139/6/2308 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 595WG UT WOS:000277643700018 ER PT J AU Torok, T Berger, MA Kliem, B AF Torok, T. Berger, M. A. Kliem, B. TI The writhe of helical structures in the solar corona SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE magnetic fields; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); Sun: corona; Sun: filaments, prominences; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC CONFIGURATIONS; KINK INSTABILITY; ACTIVE REGIONS; FLUX ROPES; OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE; ERUPTIVE PROMINENCE; FILAMENT; EVOLUTION; MODEL AB Context. Helicity is a fundamental property of magnetic fields, conserved in ideal MHD. In flux rope geometry, it consists of twist and writhe helicity. Despite the common occurrence of helical structures in the solar atmosphere, little is known about how their shape relates to the writhe, which fraction of helicity is contained in writhe, and how much helicity is exchanged between twist and writhe when they erupt. Aims. Here we perform a quantitative investigation of these questions relevant for coronal flux ropes. Methods. The decomposition of the writhe of a curve into local and nonlocal components greatly facilitates its computation. We use it to study the relation between writhe and projected S shape of helical curves and to measure writhe and twist in numerical simulations of flux rope instabilities. The results are discussed with regard to filament eruptions and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Results. (1) We demonstrate that the relation between writhe and projected S shape is not unique in principle, but that the ambiguity does not affect low-lying structures, thus supporting the established empirical rule which associates stable forward (reverse) S shaped structures low in the corona with positive (negative) helicity. (2) Kink-unstable erupting flux ropes are found to transform a far smaller fraction of their twist helicity into writhe helicity than often assumed. (3) Confined flux rope eruptions tend to show stronger writhe at low heights than ejective eruptions (CMEs). This argues against suggestions that the writhing facilitates the rise of the rope through the overlying field. (4) Erupting filaments which are S shaped already before the eruption and keep the sign of their axis writhe (which is expected if field of one chirality dominates the source volume of the eruption), must reverse their S shape in the course of the rise. Implications for the occurrence of the helical kink instability in such events are discussed. (5) The writhe of rising loops can easily be estimated from the angle of rotation about the direction of ascent, once the apex height exceeds the footpoint separation significantly. Conclusions. Writhe can straightforwardly be computed for numerical data and can often be estimated from observations. It is useful in interpreting S shaped coronal structures and in constraining models of eruptions. C1 [Torok, T.] Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC, CNRS, LESIA,Observ Paris, F-92190 Meudon, France. [Torok, T.; Berger, M. A.; Kliem, B.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Berger, M. A.] Univ Exeter, SECAM, Exeter EX4 4QE, Devon, England. [Kliem, B.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. [Kliem, B.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Torok, T (reprint author), Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC, CNRS, LESIA,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France. EM tibor.torok@obspm.fr FU STFCSTFC; DFG; NASA [NNH06AD58I, NNX08AG44G]; European Comission [MTRM-CT-2006-035484, FP7/2007-2013, 218816] FX We thank the referee for his/her useful suggestions and L. van Driel-Gesztelyi and P. Demoulin for many helpful discussions. T.T. and B.K. acknowledge an invitation to the University of New Hampshire and helpful discussions with T.G. Forbes. This work was supported by an STFC Rolling Grant, the DFG, and NASA grants NNH06AD58I and NNX08AG44G. Financial support by the European Comission through the SOLAIRE network (MTRM-CT-2006-035484) is gratefully acknowledged. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under the grant agreement No. 218816 (SOTERIA project, www.soteria-space.eu). NR 54 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN-JUL PY 2010 VL 516 AR A49 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200913578 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 630LT UT WOS:000280275400064 ER PT J AU James, DJ Barnes, SA Meibom, S Lockwood, GW Levine, SE Deliyannis, C Platais, I Steinhauer, A Hurley, BK AF James, D. J. Barnes, S. A. Meibom, S. Lockwood, G. W. Levine, S. E. Deliyannis, C. Platais, I. Steinhauer, A. Hurley, B. K. TI New rotation periods in the open cluster NGC 1039 (M 34), and a derivation of its gyrochronology age SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE methods: data analysis; starspots; stars: fundamental parameters; globular clusters: individual: NGC 1039 (M34) ID SOLAR-TYPE STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; LOW-MASS STARS; SUPERCOSMOS SKY SURVEY; DWARF LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; LITHIUM-DEPLETION; CHROMOSPHERIC EMISSION; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; STELLAR EVOLUTION; BINARY STARS AB Aims. Employing photometric rotation periods for solar-type stars in NGC 1039 [M34], a young, nearby open cluster, we use its mass-dependent rotation period distribution to derive the cluster's age in a distance independent way, i.e., the so-called gyrochronology method. Methods. We present an analysis of 55 new rotation periods, using light curves derived from differential photometry, for solar type stars in the open cluster NGC 1039 [M34]. We also exploit the results of a recently-completed, standardized, homogeneous BVIc CCD survey of the cluster, performed by the Indiana Group of the WIYN open cluster survey, in order to establish photometric cluster membership and assign B-V colours to each photometric variable. We describe a methodology for establishing the gyrochronology age for an ensemble of solar-type stars. Empirical relations between rotation period, photometric colour and stellar age (gyrochronology) are used to determine the age of M34. Based on its position in a colour-period diagram, each M34 member is designated as being either a solid-body rotator (interface or I-star), a differentially rotating star (convective or C-star) or an object which is in some transitory state in between the two (gap or g-star). Fitting the period and photometric colour of each I-sequence star in the cluster, we derive the cluster's mean gyrochronology age. Results. Of the photometric variable stars in the cluster field, for which we derive a period, 47 out of 55 of them lie along the loci of the cluster main sequence in V/B - V and V/V - I space. We are further able to confirm kinematic membership of the cluster for half of the periodic variables [21/55], employing results from an on-going radial velocity survey of the cluster. For each cluster member identified as an I-sequence object in the colour-period diagram, we derive its individual gyrochronology age, where the mean gyro age of M34 is found to be 193 +/- 9 Myr. Conclusions. Using differential photometry, members of a young open cluster can be easily identified in a colour-magnitude diagram from their periodic photometric variability alone. Such periodicity can be used to establish a period-colour distribution for the cluster, which for M34, we have used to derive its gyrochronology age of 193 +/- 9 Myr. Formally, our gyro age of M34 is consistent (within the errors) with that derived using several distance-dependent, photometric isochrone methods (250 +/- 67 Myr). C1 [James, D. J.; Hurley, B. K.] Univ Hawaii, Hoko Kea Observ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [James, D. J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Barnes, S. A.; Lockwood, G. W.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Meibom, S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Levine, S. E.] USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Deliyannis, C.] Indiana Univ, Dept Astron, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Platais, I.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Steinhauer, A.] SUNY Coll Geneseo, Dept Phys & Astron, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. RP James, DJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hoko Kea Observ, Dept Phys & Astron, 200 W Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM david.james@hawaii.edu FU Vanderbilt University [AST-0349075] FX This research has been supported by NSF grant AST-0349075 (Vanderbilt University), which is gratefully acknowledged. This research has made extensive use of the WEBDA database, operated by the Institute for Astronomy at the University of Vienna, as well as the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. Insightful discussions with Jonathon Irwin concerning his original M 34 rotation period dataset are appreciated. NR 94 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 515 AR A100 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200913138 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 633LS UT WOS:000280505000069 ER PT J AU Orru, E Murgia, M Feretti, L Govoni, F Giovannini, G Lane, W Kassim, N Paladino, R AF Orru, E. Murgia, M. Feretti, L. Govoni, F. Giovannini, G. Lane, W. Kassim, N. Paladino, R. TI Low-frequency study of two giant radio galaxies: 3C 35 and 3C 223 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE instrumentation: interferometers; techniques: interferometric; astroparticle physics; radio continuum: galaxies; galaxies: active; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID X-RAY-EMISSION; SKY SURVEY; MULTIFREQUENCY RADIO; MAGNETIC-FIELD; REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE; NONCOPLANAR ARRAYS; AGING ANALYSIS; WENSS SURVEY; 74 MHZ; LOBES AB Aims. Radio galaxies with a projected linear size greater than or similar to 1 Mpc are classified as giant radio sources. According to the current interpretation these are old sources which have evolved in a low-density ambient medium. Because radiative losses are negligible at low frequency, extending spectral aging studies in this frequency range will allow us to determine the zero-age electron spectrum injected and then to improve the estimate of the synchrotron age of the source. Methods. We present Very Large Array images at 74 MHz and 327 MHz of two giant radio sources: 3C 35 and 3C 223. We performed a spectral study using 74, 327, 608 and 1400 GHz images. The spectral shape is estimated in different positions along the source. Results. The radio spectrum follows a power-law in the hotspots, while in the inner region of the lobe the shape of the spectrum shows a curvature at high frequencies. This steepening agrees with synchrotron aging of the emitting relativistic electrons. In order to estimate the synchrotron age of the sources, the spectra were fitted with a synchrotron model of emission. They show that 3C 35 is an old source of 143 +/- 20 Myr, while 3C 223 is a younger source of 72 +/- 4 Myr. C1 [Orru, E.; Paladino, R.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Particle Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Orru, E.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Murgia, M.; Govoni, F.] Osservatorio Astron Cagliari, INAF, I-09012 Capoterra, CA, Italy. [Murgia, M.; Feretti, L.; Giovannini, G.] Ist Radioastron, INAF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Giovannini, G.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Lane, W.; Kassim, N.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Orru, E (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Particle Phys, Technikerstr 25-8, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM e.orru@astro.ru.nl OI Govoni, Federica/0000-0003-3644-3084; Feretti, Luigina/0000-0003-0312-6285; Murgia, Matteo/0000-0002-4800-0806; Giovannini, Gabriele/0000-0003-4916-6362 FU Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) [P18523-N16] FX We thank the anonymous referee for intuitive comments, which improved this manuscript. E.O. acknowledges financial support of Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) through grant number P18523-N16. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is operated by Associated Universities, Inc., under contract to the National Science Fundation. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and of CATS database Astrophysical CATalogs support System (Verkhodanovet al. 2005). NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 515 AR A50 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200913837 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 633LS UT WOS:000280505000019 ER PT J AU Bryans, P Young, PR Doschek, GA AF Bryans, P. Young, P. R. Doschek, G. A. TI MULTIPLE COMPONENT OUTFLOWS IN AN ACTIVE REGION OBSERVED WITH THE EUV IMAGING SPECTROMETER ON HINODE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE line: profiles; Sun: corona; Sun: UV radiation ID HELIOSPHERIC MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SLOW SOLAR-WIND; NONTHERMAL VELOCITIES; FLOWS; CORONA; EIS AB We have used the Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer on the Hinode spacecraft to observe large areas of outflow near an active region. These outflows are seen to persist for at least 6 days. The emission line profiles suggest that the outflow region is composed of multiple outflowing components, Doppler-shifted with respect to each other. We have modeled this scenario by imposing a double-Gaussian fit to the line profiles. These fits represent the profile markedly better than a single-Gaussian fit for Fe XII and XIII emission lines. For the fastest outflowing components, we find velocities as high as 200 km s(-1). However, there remains a correlation between the fitted line velocities and widths, suggesting that the outflows are not fully resolved by the double-Gaussian fit and that the outflow may be comprised of further components. C1 [Bryans, P.; Young, P. R.; Doschek, G. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bryans, P.; Young, P. R.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Bryans, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bryans, Paul/C-9196-2012 FU JAXA; NAOJ; STFC; NASA; ESA (European Space Agency); NSC (Norway) FX Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, collaborating with NAOJ as domestic partner, and NASA (USA) and STFC (UK) as international partners. Scientific operation of the Hinode mission is conducted by the Hinode science team organized at ISAS/JAXA. This team mainly consists of scientists from institutes in the partner countries. Support for the postlaunch operation is provided by JAXA and NAOJ, STFC, NASA, ESA (European Space Agency), and NSC (Norway). We are grateful to the Hinode team for all their efforts in the design, build, and operation of the mission.; P.B., G.A.D., and P.R.Y. acknowledge support from the NASA Hinode program. NR 21 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 715 IS 2 BP 1012 EP 1020 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/715/2/1012 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 595VR UT WOS:000277642100025 ER PT J AU Finoguenov, A Sarazin, CL Nakazawa, K Wik, DR Clarke, TE AF Finoguenov, Alexis Sarazin, Craig L. Nakazawa, Kazuhiro Wik, Daniel R. Clarke, Tracy E. TI XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATION OF THE NORTHWEST RADIO RELIC REGION IN A3667 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: clusters: individual (A3667); intergalactic medium; radio continuum: general; shock waves; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID CLUSTER ABELL 3667; X-RAY; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; MERGING CLUSTER; GALAXY CLUSTER; COLD-FRONT; CHANDRA OBSERVATION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; COMA CLUSTER; EMISSION AB A3667 is the archetype of a merging cluster with radio relics. The northwest (NW) radio relic is the brightest cluster relic or halo known and is believed to be due to a strong merger shock. We have observed the NW relic for similar to 40 ks of net XMM-Newton time. We observe a global decline of temperature across the relic from 6 to 1 keV, similar to the Suzaku results. Our new observations reveal a sharp change of both temperature and surface brightness near the position of the relic. The increased X-ray emission on the relic can be equivalently well described by either a thermal or nonthermal spectral model. The parameters of the thermal model are consistent with a Mach number M similar to 2 shock and a shock speed of similar to 1200 km s(-1). The energy content of the relativistic particles in the radio relic can be explained if they are (re)-accelerated by the shock with an efficiency of similar to 0.2%. Comparing the limit on the inverse Compton X-ray emission with themeasured radio synchrotron emission, we set a lower limit to themagnetic field in the relic of 3 mu G. If the emission from the relic is nonthermal, this lower limit is in fact the required magnetic field. C1 [Finoguenov, Alexis] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Finoguenov, Alexis] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Sarazin, Craig L.; Wik, Daniel R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Nakazawa, Kazuhiro] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Clarke, Tracy E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Finoguenov, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM alexis@xray.mpe.mpg.de; sarazin@virginia.edu; nakazawa@amaltha.phys.s.u-tokyo.jp; drw2x@Virginia.edu; tracy.clarke@nrl.navy.mil RI XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 FU NASA [NNX08AZ34G, NNX06AI37G, NNX08AZ99G, NNX09AH74G] FX The work was supported by NASA primarily through XMM-Newton Grant NNX08AZ34G, but also through Suzaku Grants NNX06AI37G, NNX08AZ99G, and NNX09AH74G. A. F. thanks UVA for the hospitality during his visits. A. F. thanks Francesco Miniati and Melanie Johnston-Hollitt for useful discussions. We thank the referee for the constructive comments, which improved the quality of the presentation of this paper. Basic research in radio astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by 6.1 Base funding. NR 39 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 715 IS 2 BP 1143 EP 1151 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/715/2/1143 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 595VR UT WOS:000277642100034 ER PT J AU Wood, BE Howard, RA Socker, DG AF Wood, B. E. Howard, R. A. Socker, D. G. TI RECONSTRUCTING THE MORPHOLOGY OF AN EVOLVING CORONAL MASS EJECTION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; solar wind; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPE; SOLAR-WIND; SIGNATURES; PLASMA; LASCO; COMET; EARTH; MODEL AB Using imaging data from the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) mission, we empirically reconstruct the time-dependent three-dimensional morphology of a coronal mass ejection (CME) from 2008 June 1, which exhibits significant variation in shape as it travels from the Sun to 1 AU, requiring us to abandon the assumption of self-similar expansion. We model the CME as a flux rope that is rather fat relative to its longitudinal extent close to the Sun, but which becomes thinner and flatter on top as the flux rope moves outward. We find best agreement with the STEREO images when the flux rope's west leg is assumed to be rotated 35 degrees below the ecliptic plane. This orientation is consistent with previously published inferences about this CME's orientation from an analysis of in situ observations of the event from June 6 to June 7, when the CME hits STEREO-B. The agreement between these two very different kinds of analysis is encouraging. Close to 1 AU, the CME not only hits STEREO-B but also strikes a comet (Comet C/2007 W1 Boattini), which provides an additional constraint for our reconstruction efforts. Finally, we find that this CME is very instructive for assessing different methods of extracting kinematic information from measurements of elongation angles from the Sun, which is a complicated issue for measurements far from the Sun. The "fixed-phi" assumption that we have used successfully in the past does not work well here, and we discuss the implications for extracting reliable kinematic information from heliospheric imaging. C1 [Wood, B. E.; Howard, R. A.; Socker, D. G.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wood, BE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brian.wood@nrl.navy.mil; russ.howard@nrl.navy.mil; dennis.socker@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA [NAS5-00132, NAS5-00133]; USAF; ONR FX The STEREO/SECCHI data are produced by a consortium of NRL (USA), LMSAL (USA), NASA/GSFC (USA), RAL (UK), UBHAM (UK), MPS (Germany), CSL (Belgium), IOTA (France), and IAS (France). In addition to funding by NASA, NRL also received support from the USAF Space Test Program and ONR. In addition to SECCHI, this work has made use of data provided by the STEREO PLASTIC and IMPACT teams, supported by NASA contracts NAS5-00132 and NAS5-00133. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 715 IS 2 BP 1524 EP 1532 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/715/2/1524 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 595VR UT WOS:000277642100063 ER PT J AU Kunkel, V Chen, J AF Kunkel, V. Chen, J. TI EVOLUTION OF A CORONAL MASS EJECTION AND ITS MAGNETIC FIELD IN INTERPLANETARY SPACE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; stars: flare; Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares; Sun: particle emission ID FLUX ROPE; SUN; PLASMA; LASCO; MODEL AB This Letter presents the first theoretical study of the dynamics of a coronal mass ejection (CME) observed by STEREO-A/B. The CME was continuously tracked by SECCHI-A, providing position-time data from eruption to 1 AU. The ejecta was intersected by STEREO-B at 1 AU, where the magnetic field and plasma parameters were measured. The observed CME trajectory and the evolution of the CME magnetic field are modeled using the semianalytic erupting flux-rope model. It is shown that the best-fit theoretical solution is in good agreement-within 1% of the measured CME trajectory in the 1 AU field of view-and is consistent with the in situ magnetic field and plasma data at 1 AU. C1 [Kunkel, V.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Kunkel, V.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chen, J.] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kunkel, V (reprint author), George Mason Univ, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. FU NASA; ONR FX We acknowledge beneficial discussions with R. A. Howard. We thank N. Rich and L. Simpson for their gracious assistance with the analysis of the STEREO data. The STEREO/SECCHI data are produced by an international consortium of the NRL (USA), LMSAL (USA), NASA/GSFC (USA), RAL (UK), UB-HAM (UK), MPS (Germany), CSL (Belgium), IOTA (France), and IAS (France). The work of V. K. was supported by NASA and that of J.C. by ONR. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 715 IS 2 BP L80 EP L83 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/715/2/L80 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 608NU UT WOS:000278591800004 ER PT J AU Wang, YM AF Wang, Y-M. TI ON THE RELATIVE CONSTANCY OF THE SOLAR WIND MASS FLUX AT 1 AU SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; solar wind; Sun: corona; Sun: heliosphere; Sun: magnetic topology; Sun: surface magnetism ID HELIOSPHERIC MAGNETIC-FIELD; CYCLE 23; ULYSSES; SPEED; ACCELERATION; MAXIMUM; REGIONS; FLOW AB Employing solar wind measurements from the Advanced Composition Explorer and Ulysses, photospheric magnetic data, and conservation laws along open field lines, we confirm that the energy and mass flux densities at the Sun increase roughly linearly with the footpoint field strength, B-0. This empirical result has a number of important physical implications. First, it supports the assumption that the magnetic field is the source of the heating in coronal holes. Second, because B-0 may vary by over 2 orders of magnitude, depending on how close the footpoint is located to active regions, the heating rate in coronal holes varies over a very wide range, with active-region holes being characterized by much stronger heating and much larger mass fluxes at low heights than the large, weak-field polar holes. Third, the variation of the mass flux density at 1 AU remains very modest because the mass flux density at the Sun and the net flux-tube expansion both increase almost linearly with B-0, so that the two effects offset each other. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yi.wang@nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 715 IS 2 BP L121 EP L127 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/715/2/L121 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 608NU UT WOS:000278591800013 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Allafort, A Antolini, E Atwood, WB Axelsson, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Baughman, BM Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Belli, F Berenji, B Bisello, D Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Bonnell, J Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Busetto, G Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Campana, R Canadas, B Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Ceccanti, M Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Cillis, AN Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Corbet, R Davis, DS DeKlotz, M den Hartog, PR Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Luca, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Dormody, M Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Fabiani, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giavitto, G Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Gustafsson, M Hadasch, D Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hays, E Healey, SE Hill, AB Horan, D Hughes, RE Iafrate, G Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, RP Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kocevski, D Kuss, M Lande, J Landriu, D Latronico, L Lee, SH Lemoine-Goumard, M Lionetto, AM Garde, ML Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Marangelli, B Marelli, M Massaro, E Mazziotta, MN McConville, W McEnery, JE Michelson, PF Minuti, M Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Mongelli, M Monte, C Monzani, ME Moretti, E Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakajima, H Nakamori, T Naumann-Godo, M Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohno, M Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paccagnella, A Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Pinchera, M Piron, F Porter, TA Poupard, L Raino, S Rando, R Ray, PS Razzano, M Razzaque, S Rea, N Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ripken, J Ritz, S Rochester, LS Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Sadrozinski, HFW Salvetti, D Sanchez, D Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Schalk, TL Scolieri, G Sgro, C Shaw, MS Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Starck, JL Stephens, TE Striani, E Strickman, MS Strong, AW Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Tibolla, O Tinebra, F Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Van Etten, A Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wallace, E Wang, P Watters, K Winer, BL Wood, KS Yang, Z Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Allafort, A. Antolini, E. Atwood, W. B. Axelsson, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Baughman, B. M. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Belli, F. Berenji, B. Bisello, D. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Bonnell, J. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Busetto, G. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Campana, R. Canadas, B. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Ceccanti, M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Cillis, A. N. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Corbet, R. Davis, D. S. DeKlotz, M. den Hartog, P. R. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Luca, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. Dormody, M. do Couto E Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Fabiani, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giavitto, G. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Gustafsson, M. Hadasch, D. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Healey, S. E. Hill, A. B. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Iafrate, G. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocevski, D. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Landriu, D. Latronico, L. Lee, S. -H. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Lionetto, A. M. Garde, M. Llena Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Marangelli, B. Marelli, M. Massaro, E. Mazziotta, M. N. McConville, W. McEnery, J. E. Michelson, P. F. Minuti, M. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Mongelli, M. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Moretti, E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakajima, H. Nakamori, T. Naumann-Godo, M. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohno, M. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paccagnella, A. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Pinchera, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Poupard, L. Raino, S. Rando, R. Ray, P. S. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Rea, N. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ripken, J. Ritz, S. Rochester, L. S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Salvetti, D. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Schalk, T. L. Scolieri, G. Sgro, C. Shaw, M. S. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Starck, J. -L. Stephens, T. E. Striani, E. Strickman, M. S. Strong, A. W. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Tibolla, O. Tinebra, F. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Van Etten, A. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wallace, E. Wang, P. Watters, K. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Yang, Z. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE FIRST SOURCE CATALOG SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; gamma rays: general ID GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SPECTRUM RADIO-SOURCES; ALL-SKY SURVEY; SPACE-TELESCOPE; MILKY-WAY; LIKELIHOOD RATIO; EGRET SOURCES; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER AB We present a catalog of high-energy gamma-ray sources detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT), the primary science instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi), during the first 11 months of the science phase of the mission, which began on 2008 August 4. The First Fermi-LAT catalog (1FGL) contains 1451 sources detected and characterized in the 100 MeV to 100 GeV range. Source detection was based on the average flux over the 11 month period, and the threshold likelihood Test Statistic is 25, corresponding to a significance of just over 4 sigma. The 1FGL catalog includes source location regions, defined in terms of elliptical fits to the 95% confidence regions and power-law spectral fits as well as flux measurements in five energy bands for each source. In addition, monthly light curves are provided. Using a protocol defined before launch we have tested for several populations of gamma-ray sources among the sources in the catalog. For individual LAT-detected sources we provide firm identifications or plausible associations with sources in other astronomical catalogs. Identifications are based on correlated variability with counterparts at other wavelengths, or on spin or orbital periodicity. For the catalogs and association criteria that we have selected, 630 of the sources are unassociated. Care was taken to characterize the sensitivity of the results to the model of interstellar diffuse gamma-ray emission used to model the bright foreground, with the result that 161 sources at low Galactic latitudes and toward bright local interstellar clouds are flagged as having properties that are strongly dependent on the model or as potentially being due to incorrectly modeled structure in the Galactic diffuse emission. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Ray, P. S.; Razzaque, S.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.; Razzaque, S.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; den Hartog, P. R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto E Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Healey, S. E.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocevski, D.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; den Hartog, P. R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto E Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Healey, S. E.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocevski, D.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Antolini, E.; Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Antolini, E.; Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Atwood, W. B.; Dormody, M.; Johnson, R. P.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Schalk, T. L.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Dormody, M.; Johnson, R. P.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Schalk, T. L.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Axelsson, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.] Lund Observ, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; Ripken, J.; Yang, Z.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Ceccanti, M.; Fabiani, D.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Minuti, M.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Pinchera, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Landriu, D.; Naumann-Godo, M.; Poupard, L.; Starck, J. -L.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, Serv Astrophys, CEA Saclay, CNRS,CEA IRFU,Lab AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Giavitto, G.; Iafrate, G.; Longo, F.; Moretti, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Giavitto, G.; Longo, F.; Moretti, E.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Bisello, D.; Busetto, G.; Buson, S.; Gustafsson, M.; Paccagnella, A.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Bisello, D.; Busetto, G.; Buson, S.; Carrigan, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Baughman, B. M.; Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Belli, F.; Canadas, B.; Lionetto, A. M.; Morselli, A.; Striani, E.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Belli, F.; Canadas, B.; Lionetto, A. M.; Striani, E.; Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Bonnell, J.; Celik, Oe.; Cillis, A. N.; Corbet, R.; Davis, D. S.; Ferrara, E. C.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bonnell, J.; Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bonnell, J.; Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Marangelli, B.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Marangelli, B.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Marangelli, B.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Mongelli, M.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Giebels, B.; Horan, D.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.; Wallace, E.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rea, N.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Campana, R.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Caraveo, P. A.; Marelli, M.; Salvetti, D.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Gasparrini, D.; Giommi, P.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Celik, Oe.; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Davis, D. S.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Corbet, R.; Davis, D. S.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cillis, A. N.] Parbellon IAFE, Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; Ripken, J.; Yang, Z.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [DeKlotz, M.] Stellar Solut Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.; Guillemot, L.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Luca, A.] IUSS, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Frailis, M.; Iafrate, G.] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Osservatorio Astron Trieste, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Hill, A. B.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Grenoble LAOG, UMR 5571, F-38041 Grenoble 09, France. [Kataoka, J.; Nakamori, T.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Kawai, N.; Nakajima, H.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] CNRS UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Massaro, E.; Tinebra, F.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ohno, M.; Ozaki, M.; Takahashi, T.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Orlando, E.; Strong, A. W.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Paccagnella, A.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Ingn Informaz, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Scargle, J. D.; Stephens, T. E.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Scolieri, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Stephens, T. E.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tibolla, O.] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jean.ballet@cea.fr; digel@stanford.edu; knodlseder@cesr.fr RI Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Campana, Riccardo/F-5272-2015; Rea, Nanda/I-2853-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Starck, Jean-Luc/D-9467-2011; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Saz Parkinson, Pablo Miguel/I-7980-2013; OI Stephens, Thomas/0000-0003-3065-6871; Iafrate, Giulia/0000-0002-6185-8292; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Hill, Adam/0000-0003-3470-4834; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Campana, Riccardo/0000-0002-4794-5453; Rea, Nanda/0000-0003-2177-6388; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Starck, Jean-Luc/0000-0003-2177-7794; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Axelsson, Magnus/0000-0003-4378-8785; De Luca, Andrea/0000-0001-6739-687X; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Moretti, Elena/0000-0001-5477-9097; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278; Marelli, Martino/0000-0002-8017-0338 FU K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; European Community [ERC-StG-200911]; International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP) program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France; CEA; CNES; Universite Paris Diderot FX Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow, funded by a grant from the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation.; Funded by contract ERC-StG-200911 from the European Community.; Partially supported by the International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP) program.; The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. WallenbergFoundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden.; Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. The catalog work used a cluster of computing nodes at Saclay funded by CEA, CNES, and Universite Paris Diderot. NR 101 TC 576 Z9 577 U1 3 U2 37 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 188 IS 2 BP 405 EP 436 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/188/2/405 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 613HG UT WOS:000278969400004 ER PT J AU Mahon, RT Watanabe, TT Wilson, MC Auker, CR AF Mahon, Richard T. Watanabe, Tomas T. Wilson, Madison C. Auker, Charles R. TI Intravenous Perfluorocarbon After Onset of Decompression Sickness Decreases Mortality in 20-kg Swine SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE perfluorocarbon emulsions; decompression illness; hyperbarics; oxygen ID CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; SATURATION MODEL; GAS EMBOLI; EMULSION; OXYGEN; REDUCTION; INJURY; BUBBLE; RATS; DOGS AB MAHON RT, WATANABEE, TT, WILSON MC, AUKER CR. Intravenous pm:fluorocarbon after onset of decompression sickness decreases mortality in 20-kg swine. Aviat Space Environ Med 2010; 81:555-9. Introduction: Decompression sickness (DCS) occurs when bubbles form due to pressure decreases with severity ranging from trivial to fatal. Standard treatment requires a hyperbaric chamber, not likely to be available at remote sites or during a disabled submarine escape or rescue. Alternative (non-recompressive) treatments are needed. Intravenous administration of emulsified perfluorocarbons (PFCs) enhances oxygen delivery to, and inert gas removal from, tissues. Swine studies show PFCs administered with supplemental oxygen before symptom onset can decrease DCS incidence. We used a swine model to test whether PFC plus supplemental oxygen could improve outcome when infused after DCS symptom onset. Methods: After rapid decompression from 31 min at 200 fsw (7.06 ATA) animals were observed for signs of DCS. Upon DCS onset animals received 100% O(2) and were randomized to receive either saline or PFC. Oxygen administration was continued for 1 h and the primary outcomes of mortality and/or abnormal gait were noted 24 h after surfacing. Results: PFC significantly improved survival, with 18/25 (72%) PFC treated animals and 13/29 (45%) saline treated animals alive at 24 h post-exposure. Objective measures of stance/gait trended toward improvement; spinal cord lesions correlated with severity of stance/gait abnormalities. Conclusion: PFC administered after DCS onset improved survival in this 20-kg swine model. Further study into the mechanisms of benefit and delayed DCS therapy are warranted. C1 [Mahon, Richard T.; Watanabe, Tomas T.; Wilson, Madison C.; Auker, Charles R.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Undersea Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Mahon, RT (reprint author), Care Of Temple D, USN, Undersea Med Dept, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [603729N.02914.W050.A0710] FX The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the U.S. Government. This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research Work Unit Number 603729N.02914.W050.A0710. There are no financial or other relationships that could be viewed as causing bias or conflict of interest for any of the authors. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 81 IS 6 BP 555 EP 559 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2745.2010 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 604VA UT WOS:000278305400004 PM 20540446 ER PT J AU McClellan, SF Olde, BA Freeman, DH Mann, WF Rotruck, JR AF McClellan, Scott F. Olde, Brent A. Freeman, Daniel H. Mann, William F. Rotruck, John R. TI Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Military Flight Personnel: A Survey of 543 Aviators SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE snuff; smokeless tobacco; chewing tobacco; spit tobacco; dental health-based tobacco cessation programs ID CESSATION INTERVENTION; DENTAL OFFICE; SPIT TOBACCO; PREVALENCE; CLINICS; PROGRAM AB MCCLELLAN SF, OLDE BA, FREEMAN DH, MANN WF, ROTRUCK JR. Smokeless tobacco use among military flight personnel: a survey of 543 aviators. Aviat Space Environ Med 2010; 81:575-80. Introduction: Although there has been a steady decline in smoking rates among adults in the United States in recent years, the consumption of smokeless tobacco (ST) continues to increase. Moreover, ST use in the U.S. military is far higher than in the general population. This study was designed to determine the extent of ST use in a military aviation population and measure users' attitudes toward elements of a proposed cessation program. Methods: A study was conducted at two naval aviation training wings in western Florida. The target population (N = 2233) included flight instructors, students, and staff/support personnel who were rated aviators or flight officers. A total of 543 usable questionnaires were returned, yielding a response rate of 24.3%. Results: There were 71 respondents who reported using ST in the last 30 d (13.1%). This group responded favorably to questions regarding the involvement of both medical and dental health professionals as critical components of an effective ST cessation program. Discussion: This survey provides evidence for a rate of ST use among military aviators that is much higher than the U.S. national civilian average of 3.5%. Drawing upon the background of previous dental health-based studies, we propose augmenting existing tobacco cessation resources by creating separate ST cessation programs to reduce ST use among U.S. military aviators. C1 [McClellan, Scott F.] Madigan Army Med Ctr Ophthalmol Clin, Ft Lewis, WA USA. [Olde, Brent A.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. [Freeman, Daniel H.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Galveston, TX USA. [Mann, William F.] USN, Inst Aviat Med, Pensacola, FL USA. [Rotruck, John R.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Bethesda, MD USA. USN, Aerosp Med Inst, Pensacola Naval Air Stn, Pensacola, FL USA. RP McClellan, SF (reprint author), 1314 Foreman Rd, Dupont, WA 98327 USA. EM scott.f.mcclellan@us.army.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 81 IS 6 BP 575 EP 580 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2317.2010 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 604VA UT WOS:000278305400007 PM 20540449 ER PT J AU Brown, TS Safford, S Caramanica, J Elster, EA AF Brown, Trevor S. Safford, Shawn Caramanica, Janet Elster, Eric A. TI Biomarker use in tailored combat casualty care SO BIOMARKERS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE biomarker; combat; inflammation; personalized medicine; trauma; war surgery; wound ID OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM; WOUND FAILURE; UNITED-STATES; EXPRESSION; INJURIES; BLAST; METALLOPROTEINASES; PROCALCITONIN; INFECTIONS; ILLNESS AB Modern war wounds are complex and primarily involve extremities. They require multiple operative interventions to achieve wound closure and begin rehabilitation. Current assessment of the suitability of surgical wound closure is based upon subjective methods coupled with a semiquantitative determination of the wound bacterial burden. Measurement of the systemic and local response to injury using inflammatory biomarkers may allow for accelerated wound closure and treatment of other combat-related morbidity. This article presents the introduction of personalized medicine into combat casualty care. C1 [Brown, Trevor S.; Caramanica, Janet; Elster, Eric A.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Regenerat Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Safford, Shawn; Elster, Eric A.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Surg Clin, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Elster, Eric A.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Elster, EA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Regenerat Med Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave,2W123, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM eric.elster@med.navy.mil NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1752-0363 J9 BIOMARK MED JI Biomark. Med. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 4 IS 3 BP 465 EP 473 DI 10.2217/BMM.10.13 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 615HM UT WOS:000279125400019 PM 20550480 ER PT J AU Lee, TF Nelson, CS Dills, P Riishojgaard, LP Jones, A Li, L Miller, S Flynn, LE Jedlovec, G McCarty, W Hoffman, C McWilliams, G AF Lee, Thomas F. Nelson, Craig S. Dills, Patrick Riishojgaard, Lars Peter Jones, Andy Li, Li Miller, Steven Flynn, Lawrence E. Jedlovec, Gary McCarty, William Hoffman, Carl McWilliams, Gary TI NPOESS Next-Generation Operational Global Earth Observations SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IRRADIANCE MONITOR; INSTRUMENT DESIGN; OBSERVING SYSTEM; MODIS; AIRS; CAPABILITIES; IMAGERY; SENSOR AB The United States is merging its two polar-orbiting operational environmental satellite programs operated by the Department of Commerce and the Department of Defense into a single system, which is called the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS). During the next decade, NPOESS will provide global operational data to meet many of the needs of weather forecasters, climate researchers, and global decision makers for remotely sensed Earth science data and global environmental monitoring. The NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) will be launched in 2011 as a precursor to NPOESS to reduce final development risks for NPOESS and to provide continuity of global imaging and atmospheric sounding data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS) missions. Beginning in 2014, NPOESS spacecraft will be launched into an afternoon orbit and in 2016 into an early-morning orbit to provide significantly improved operational capabilities and benefits to satisfy critical civil and national security requirements for space-based, remotely sensed environmental data. The European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Meteorological Operation (MetOp) spacecraft will complement NPOESS in a midmorning orbit. The joint constellation will provide global coverage with a data refresh rate of approximately four hours. NPOESS will observe more phenomena simultaneously from space and deliver a data volume significantly greater than its operational predecessors with substantially improved data delivery to users. Higher-resolution (spatial and spectral) and more accurate imaging and atmospheric sounding data will enable improvements in short-to medium-range weather forecasts. Multispectral and hyperspectral instruments on NPOESS will provide global imagery and sounding products useful to the forecaster that are complementary to those available from geostationary satellites. NPOESS will support the operational needs of meteorological, oceanographic, environmental, climatic, and space environmental remote sensing programs and provide continuity of data for climate researchers. This article that describes NPOESS was completed and accepted for publication prior to the White House decision in February 2010 ordering a major restructuring of the NPOESS program. The Department of Commerce will now assume primary responsibility for the afternoon polar-orbiting operational environmental satellite orbit and the Department of Defense will take primary responsibility for the early morning orbit. However, NPP, as described in this article, is still scheduled to be launched in 2011. Several of the instruments and program elements described in this article are also likely to be carried forward into future U. S. polar-orbiting operational environmental satellite missions. C1 [Lee, Thomas F.; Li, Li] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Nelson, Craig S.] Riverside Technol Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Dills, Patrick] Cooperat Program Operat Meteorol Educ & Training, Boulder, CO USA. [Riishojgaard, Lars Peter] NOAA, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Ctr Sci, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Jones, Andy; Miller, Steven] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Flynn, Lawrence E.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Jedlovec, Gary] NASA, Global Hydrol & Climate Ctr, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Jedlovec, Gary] NASA, Short Term Predict Res & Transit Ctr, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [McCarty, William] NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [McCarty, William] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Hoffman, Carl; McWilliams, Gary] NPOESS Integrated Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Lee, TF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM thomas.lee@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; Jones, Andrew/D-3291-2012; McCarty, Will/E-9359-2012 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; Jones, Andrew/0000-0002-0995-4957; FU National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Integrated Program Office, Silver Spring, Maryland; Office of Naval Research [PE-0602435N]; Navy at Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command [PEO C4I, PMW-120, PE-0603207N] FX The support of the research sponsors 1) the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Integrated Program Office located in Silver Spring, Maryland; 2) the Office of Naval Research under Program Element PE-0602435N; and 3) the Oceanographer of the Navy through the program office at the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command, PEO C4I and PMW-120 under Program Element PE-0603207N, is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Jeffrey Hawkins from NRL and John Furgerson from the IPO for several insightful suggestions. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 91 IS 6 BP 727 EP + DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2953.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 628HT UT WOS:000280107300002 ER PT J AU Fulambarker, A Copur, AS Cohen, ME Patel, M Gill, S Schultz, ST Quanjer, PH AF Fulambarker, Ashok Copur, Ahmet Sinan Cohen, Mark E. Patel, Monali Gill, Sanjay Schultz, Stephen T. Quanjer, Philip H. TI Comparison of Pulmonary Function in Immigrant vs US-Born Asian Indians SO CHEST LA English DT Article ID FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME; LUNG-FUNCTION; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; REFERENCE VALUES; SPIROMETRIC STANDARDS; PREDICTION EQUATIONS; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; REFERENCE RANGES; CHILDREN; GROWTH AB Objective: This study investigated whether there is a difference in pulmonary function between healthy adult US-born Asian Indians and immigrant Asian Indians attributable to country of birth, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. Design: FEV(1), FVC, and forced mid-expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF(25-75)) were measured in India-born and US-born subjects residing in the Chicago metropolitan area. Hollingshead Index of Social Position was used to evaluate socioeconomic factors. Results: There were 262 India-born (61.8% male), and 200 US-born (50% male) subjects who were healthy lifelong nonsmokers; their age range was 16 to 36 years. US-born Asian Indian men and women were taller and had higher pulmonary function values for height and age compared with immigrant Asian Indian men and women. The differences were most pronounced in women: about 7% for FVC, 9% for FEV(1), and 17% for FEF(25-75). Immigrant and US-born subjects did not differ in socioeconomic position. Conclusion: We conclude that US-born Asian Indian men and women have higher pulmonary function values for age and height compared with immigrant Asian Indian men and women. This probably reflects the effect of differing environmental conditions, which cause year-of-birth trends in lung volumes. CHEST 2010; 137(6):1398-1404 C1 [Fulambarker, Ashok; Copur, Ahmet Sinan; Patel, Monali; Gill, Sanjay] Rosalind Franklin Univ Med & Sci, Div Pulm, Chicago Med Sch, Abbott Pk, IL 60064 USA. [Cohen, Mark E.; Schultz, Stephen T.] USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL USA. [Quanjer, Philip H.] Erasmus Univ, Dept Pulm Dis, Erasmus Med Ctr, Sophia Childrens Hosp, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Quanjer, Philip H.] Erasmus Univ, Dept Pediat, Erasmus Med Ctr, Sophia Childrens Hosp, Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Fulambarker, A (reprint author), Rosalind Franklin Univ Med & Sci, Div Pulm, Chicago Med Sch, 3001 Green Bay Rd, Abbott Pk, IL 60064 USA. EM ashok.fulambarker@va.go NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD JUN PY 2010 VL 137 IS 6 BP 1398 EP 1404 DI 10.1378/chest.09-1911 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 608DB UT WOS:000278561400024 PM 20118206 ER PT J AU Kim, SE Rhee, SH AF Kim, Sung-Eun Rhee, Shin Hyung TI Efficient Engineering Prediction of Turbulent Wing Tip Vortex Flows SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Tip Vortex; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Mesh Adaptation; Turbulence Modeling ID NUMBER; MODEL AB Turbulent flow past a finite wing has been computed to assess the fidelity of modern computational fluid dynamics in predicting tip vortex flows. The efficacy of a feature-adaptive local mesh refinement to resolve the steep gradients in the flow field near the tip vortex is demonstrated. The impact of turbulence modeling is evaluated using several popular eddy viscosity models and a Reynolds stress transport model. The results indicate that the combination of a computational mesh with an adequate resolution, high-order spatial discretization scheme along with the use of advanced turbulence models can predict tip vortex flows with acceptable accuracy. C1 [Rhee, Shin Hyung] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Naval Archi & Ocean Eng, Res Inst Marine Syst Eng, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Kim, Sung-Eun] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Rhee, SH (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Naval Archi & Ocean Eng, Res Inst Marine Syst Eng, 599 Gwanang No, Seoul 151744, South Korea. EM shr@snu.ac.kr RI Rhee, Shin Hyung/F-4292-2010 OI Rhee, Shin Hyung/0000-0002-2791-5812 FU World Class University [R32-10161]; Korea government [20090083510] FX The second author acknowledges the support by the World Class University (R32-10161) and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant (20090083510), funded by the Korea government. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI NORCROSS PA 6825 JIMMY CARTER BLVD, STE 1850, NORCROSS, GA 30071 USA SN 1526-1492 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 62 IS 3 BP 291 EP 309 PG 19 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 651PP UT WOS:000281939900004 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ Dennis, JB AF Denning, Peter J. Dennis, Jack B. TI The Resurgence of Parallelism SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material ID COMPUTATIONS C1 [Denning, Peter J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Innovat & Informat Superior, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Dennis, Jack B.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Innovat & Informat Superior, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pjd@nps.edu; dennis@csail.mit.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD JUN PY 2010 VL 53 IS 6 BP 30 EP 32 DI 10.1145/1743546.1743560 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 609DR UT WOS:000278635800019 ER PT J AU Garfinkel, SL Cranor, LF AF Garfinkel, Simson L. Cranor, Lorrie Faith TI Institutional Review Boards and Your Research SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Garfinkel, Simson L.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Cranor, Lorrie Faith] Carnegie Mellon Univ, CyLab Usable Privacy & Secur Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Garfinkel, SL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM slgarfin@nps.edu; lorrie+@cs.cmu.edu OI Cranor, Lorrie/0000-0003-2125-0124 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD JUN PY 2010 VL 53 IS 6 BP 38 EP 40 DI 10.1145/1743546.1743563 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 609DR UT WOS:000278635800022 ER PT J AU Baker, P Kamgar-Parsi, B AF Baker, Patrick Kamgar-Parsi, Behrooz TI Using shorelines for autonomous air vehicle guidance SO COMPUTER VISION AND IMAGE UNDERSTANDING LA English DT Article DE Autonomous navigation; Unmanned air vehicle; UAV; Shoreline following; Vision system ID NAVIGATION; VISION AB We suggest the use of extended landmarks, such as shorelines, creeks, tree lines, and railroads, as well as roads for autonomous navigation of an unmanned air vehicle (UAV). In particular, we recommend the use of shorelines, because of their common availability, their ease of detection, and their significance in terms of events happening along them. Monitoring coastlines and waterways from low flying UAVs has many applications for military and civilian use. We report the development of a vision system that has enabled a prototype UAV to follow shorelines autonomously (without requiring maps or GPS). Using a near-infrared sensor the vision system distinguishes water from land (irrespective of water's color) and issues commands to the autopilot to follow the coastline or the riverbank. One insight of this problem is that the control algorithm could be integrated deeply with the vision system. This has the benefit of delaying smoothing/regularization so that it could occur in the context of the control coordinate system rather than the image or ground coordinate system. The algorithm itself is simple, but it possibly points the way to future algorithms which could more closely couple image processing and control. Furthermore, the experience gained in this work may be of value in the development of vision systems for following other types of paths. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Baker, Patrick; Kamgar-Parsi, Behrooz] USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kamgar-Parsi, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kamgar@aic.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX We thank the Office of Naval Research for supporting this work. We also thank Aaron Kahn and James Kellogg of Tactical Electronic Warfare Division of NRL for their valuable help throughout this research. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1077-3142 J9 COMPUT VIS IMAGE UND JI Comput. Vis. Image Underst. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 114 IS 6 SI SI BP 723 EP 729 DI 10.1016/j.cviu.2010.01.009 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 606QW UT WOS:000278443300010 ER PT J AU Sauerwein, RW Bijker, EM Richie, TL AF Sauerwein, Robert W. Bijker, Else M. Richie, Thomas L. TI Empowering malaria vaccination by drug administration SO CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; DENDRITIC CELLS; CHLOROQUINE TREATMENT; LIVER STAGE; IN-VIVO; IMMUNITY; VACCINES; RESPONSES; IMMUNOGENICITY; SPOROZOITES AB Although significant progress has been made in clinical development, a protective malaria vaccine remains elusive. Here we review some of the immune subversive mechanisms used by the Plasmodium malaria parasite and propose a potentially effective strategy to achieve complete protection that may serve as a blue print for clinical usage. The premise is to modulate the immune response with drugs that neutralize suppressive functions and potentiate protective responses. Chloroquine may be a first attractive candidate facilitating protective cellular immune responses by improving cross-presentation and reducing suppressive regulatory T cell responses. C1 [Sauerwein, Robert W.; Bijker, Else M.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Med Microbiol 268, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Richie, Thomas L.] USN, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Infect Dis Directorate, Med Res Ctr,Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Sauerwein, RW (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Med Microbiol 268, POB 9101, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM r.sauerwein@mmb.umcn.nl RI Sauerwein, Robert/C-8519-2013; OI Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 FU [6000.RAD1.F.A0309] FX The work of TLR was prepared as part of his official government duties as a military service member. Title 17 U.S.C. 105 provides that 'Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government.' Title 17 U.S.C. 101 defines a U.S. Government work as a work prepared by a military service member as part of that person's official duties. The work of TLR was supported by work unit number 6000.RAD1.F.A0309. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0952-7915 J9 CURR OPIN IMMUNOL JI Curr. Opin. Immunol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 22 IS 3 BP 367 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.coi.2010.04.001 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 619JD UT WOS:000279425500016 PM 20434895 ER PT J AU Minami, NA Soto, LL Rhodes, DH AF Minami, Nathan A. Soto, Leticia L. Rhodes, Donna H. TI Dynamic Lean Management of the Naval Construction Process SO EMJ-ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Construction Management; System Dynamics; Process Improvement; Constructability; Simulation AB The naval and private construction industries face shared problems in regard to cost over-runs and delays that may be addressed in part through improvements to the construction process. The scope of this study is to examine the naval construction process from design to implementation, with special emphasis on the role of design sharing and constructability. We use the System Dynamics methodology to model the construction process and conduct simulations to examine the impact of project management decisions. We conclude that increased constructability efforts and design sharing mitigate the impact of cost over-runs and project completion delays, and that when limited resources exist it is best to focus improvement efforts early rather than later. C1 [Minami, Nathan A.] USA, West Point, NY USA. [Soto, Leticia L.] USN, Arlington, VA USA. [Rhodes, Donna H.] MIT, Lean Aerosp Initiat, Engn Syst Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Minami, NA (reprint author), 6613A Falcon Dr, Ft Drum, NY 13603 USA. EM nathan.minami@us.army.mil NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT PI ROLLA PA PO BOX 820, ROLLA, MO 65402 USA SN 1042-9247 J9 EMJ-ENG MANAG J JI EMJ-Eng. Manag. J. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 22 IS 2 BP 36 EP 43 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA V24BC UT WOS:000208384900006 ER PT J AU Hoang, TD Nguyen, HD Mai, VQ Clyde, PW Glister, BC Shakir, KMM AF Hoang, Thanh D. Nguyen, Huong D. Mai, Vinh Q. Clyde, Patrick W. Glister, Babette C. Shakir, K. M. Mohamed TI Abdominal Pain as an Unusual Presentation of Adult Glycogen Storage Disease. SO ENDOCRINE REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Meeting and Expo of the Endocrine Society (ENDO 2010) CY JUN 19-22, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP Endocrine Society C1 [Hoang, Thanh D.; Nguyen, Huong D.; Mai, Vinh Q.; Clyde, Patrick W.; Glister, Babette C.; Shakir, K. M. Mohamed] USN, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0163-769X J9 ENDOCR REV JI Endocr. Rev. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 SU 1 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 652FV UT WOS:000281989401716 ER PT J AU Caton, PA Carr, MA Kim, SS Beautyman, MJ AF Caton, P. A. Carr, M. A. Kim, S. S. Beautyman, M. J. TI Energy recovery from waste food by combustion or gasification with the potential for regenerative dehydration: A case study SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Waste-to-energy; Food waste; Gasification; Combustion; Equilibrium model; Emissions ID MUNICIPAL SOLID-WASTE; BED AB Energy recovery from food waste was studied using the food service at the US Naval Academy as a case study. Post-consumer food waste was captured over a period of ten days to estimate individual waste per meal and total waste per month. The food waste was analyzed for chemical composition and water content using ultimate and proximate analysis, and for energy content, and compared with the same analyses of wood (a more typical biomass fuel). Three different samples of food waste showed relative uniformity of properties despite being sampled on different days, with different menus. Food waste had lower oxygen content, higher nitrogen and ash content, and higher energy content than wood. The food waste in this study had approximately 70% water content. Temperatures and emissions from combustion of wood pellets, dried pelletized food waste, and dried non-pelletized food waste were measured and compared using a modified residential pellet stove. Temperatures were higher for food waste due to the higher energy content. Emissions of NO, HC, and soot were slightly higher for food waste. Despite the large water content, thermodynamic analysis showed that regenerative dehydration, in which waste energy from the combustion system is used to remove water from the incoming wet fuel, is possible. An excess enthalpy ratio is defined to formalize the comparison of waste sensible enthalpy with the energy required for dehydration. Analysis of fuel-lean combustion and fuel-rich gasification shows that little, if any, external energy would necessarily be required to remove the water from the incoming fuel. An equilibrium model was used to simulate waste food gasification by extending the simulation to high water content levels. Probable ranges for successful food waste gasification are identified. Energy recovery of waste food could result in cost savings by offsetting traditional fuel-use (e.g. natural gas for heating) and by reducing disposal costs. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Caton, P. A.; Carr, M. A.; Kim, S. S.; Beautyman, M. J.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Caton, PA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM patcaton@usna.edu RI lee, yunzhu/G-1723-2011 FU Naval Academy Research Council; Office of Naval Research [N0001409WR40059 (FY09)] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Len Hamilton and Dr. Jim Cowart for helpful discussions and experimental assistance; Mr. John Hein, Mr. Charlie Baesch, and Mr. Bob Woody for their expert assistance in maintaining the experimental apparatus; and Phil Medlin at Bay Stoves for donations in support of research at USNA. This work was supported by the Naval Academy Research Council, and author #3 (SSK) and author #4 (MJB) gratefully acknowledge the Office of Naval Research for partial support of this work on funding document N0001409WR40059 (FY09). NR 40 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1157 EP 1169 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2009.12.025 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 578VV UT WOS:000276325400007 ER PT J AU Ferrer, G Swaminathan, JM AF Ferrer, Geraldo Swaminathan, Jayashankar M. TI Managing new and differentiated remanufactured products SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Remanufacturing; Differentiated products; Monopoly; Product portfolio; Multi-period horizon ID DURABLE GOODS; MARKET-SEGMENTATION; SECONDARY MARKETS; UNCERTAINTY; COMPETITION; MANAGEMENT; LOGISTICS; MODELS; POLICY AB We study a firm that makes new products in the first period and uses returned cores to make remanufactured products (along with new products) in future periods. The remanufactured product is differentiated from the new product, so the firm needs to choose differentiated prices. We analyze the monopoly environment in two-period, multi-period (three, four and five) and infinite planning horizons, and characterize the optimal remanufacturing and pricing strategy for the firm. In the process, we identify remanufacturing savings thresholds that determine the production and pricing strategy for the firm. Among other results, we find-counter to intuition-that in a finite-horizon, multi-period setting, the optimal policy is not necessarily monotone in remanufacturing savings. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ferrer, Geraldo] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Swaminathan, Jayashankar M.] Univ N Carolina, Kenan Flagler Business Sch, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Ferrer, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM gferrer@nps.edu OI Ferrer, Geraldo/0000-0003-1395-6143 FU Naval Postgraduate School FX The authors thank the associate editor and three anonymous referees for the comments and recommendations that helped improve this paper. Geraldo Ferrer gratefully thanks the financial support of the Acquisitions Research Program of the Naval Postgraduate School. NR 38 TC 86 Z9 127 U1 11 U2 79 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 203 IS 2 BP 370 EP 379 DI 10.1016/j.ejor.2009.08.007 PG 10 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 530KC UT WOS:000272588200010 ER PT J AU Stephens, MB Lennon, C Durning, SJ Maurer, D DeZee, K AF Stephens, Mark B. Lennon, Courtney Durning, Steven J. Maurer, Douglas DeZee, Kent TI Professional Badmouthing: Who Does It and How Common Is It? SO FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID MEDICAL-STUDENTS C1 [Stephens, Mark B.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Lennon, Courtney] USN Hosp, Dept Family Med, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Durning, Steven J.; DeZee, Kent] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Internal Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Maurer, Douglas] Darnall Army Med Ctr, Dept Family Med, Ft Hood, TX USA. RP Stephens, MB (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM mstephens@usuhs.mil RI Stephens, Mark/A-2679-2015 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC TEACHERS FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEAWOOD PA 11400 TOMAHAWK CREEK PARKWAY, STE 540, LEAWOOD, KS 66207 USA SN 0742-3225 J9 FAM MED JI Fam. Med. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 42 IS 6 BP 388 EP 390 PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 607NT UT WOS:000278511500003 PM 20526900 ER PT J AU Gaillou, E Wang, WY Post, JE King, JM Butler, JE Collins, AT Moses, TM AF Gaillou, Eloise Wang, Wuyi Post, Jeffrey E. King, John M. Butler, James E. Collins, Alan T. Moses, Thomas M. TI THE WITTELSBACH-GRAFF AND HOPE DIAMONDS: NOT CUT FROM THE SAME ROUGH SO GEMS & GEMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE TREATMENT; HIGH-PRESSURE; BLUE AB Two historic blue diamonds, the Hope and the Wittelsbach-Graff, appeared together for the first time at the Smithsonian Institution in 2010 Both diamonds were apparently purchased in India in the 17th century and later belonged to European royalty. In addition to the parallels in their histories, their comparable color and bright, long-lasting orange-red phosphorescence have led to speculation that these two diamonds might have come from the same piece of rough. Although the diamonds are similar spectroscopically, their dislocation patterns observed with the Diamond View differ in scale and texture, and they do not show the same internal strain features The results indicate that the two diamonds did not originate from the same crystal, though they likely experienced similar geologic histories. C1 [Gaillou, Eloise; Post, Jeffrey E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Wang, Wuyi; King, John M.; Moses, Thomas M.] GIA Lab, New York, NY USA. [Butler, James E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Collins, Alan T.] Kings Coll London, London, England. RP Gaillou, E (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RI Gaillou, Eloise/D-1753-2009; Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Gaillou, Eloise/0000-0002-7949-268X; Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEMOLOGICAL INST AMER PI CARLSBAD PA 5345 ARMADA DR, CARLSBAD, CA 92008 USA SN 0016-626X J9 GEMS GEMOL JI Gems Gemol. PD SUM PY 2010 VL 46 IS 2 BP 80 EP 88 PG 9 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 639XS UT WOS:000281011000001 ER PT J AU Berger, EL Lauretta, DS Zega, TJ Keller, LP AF Berger, E. L. Lauretta, D. S. Zega, T. J. Keller, L. P. TI Stardust and CI-chondrite sulfides SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Knoxville, TN C1 [Berger, E. L.; Lauretta, D. S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Zega, T. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Keller, L. P.] Johnson Space Ctr, Robert M Walker Lab Space Sci, ARES, Houston, TX 77573 USA. EM elberger@lpl.arizona.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 12 SU 1 BP A81 EP A81 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 676TL UT WOS:000283941401344 ER PT J AU Furukawa, Y Watkins, J AF Furukawa, Yoko Watkins, Janet TI Aggregation of colloidal montmorillonite and organic matter: Implications for the estuarine processes SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Knoxville, TN C1 [Furukawa, Yoko; Watkins, Janet] USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM yoko.furukawa@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 12 SU 1 BP A312 EP A312 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 676TL UT WOS:000283941400873 ER PT J AU Gaillou, E Rost, D Post, JE Butler, JE AF Gaillou, E. Rost, D. Post, J. E. Butler, J. E. TI Quantifying boron in natural type IIb blue diamonds SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Knoxville, TN C1 [Gaillou, E.; Post, J. E.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Rost, D.] Univ Manchester, SEAES, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Butler, J. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gailloue@si.edu; detlef.rost@manchester.ac.uk; postj@si.edu; james.butler@nrl.navy.mil RI Gaillou, Eloise/D-1753-2009 OI Gaillou, Eloise/0000-0002-7949-268X NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 12 SU 1 BP A313 EP A313 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 676TL UT WOS:000283941401002 ER PT J AU McBeth, JM Farrar, KM Fleming, EJ Ray, RI Little, BJ Emerson, D AF McBeth, J. M. Farrar, K. M. Fleming, E. J. Ray, R. I. Little, B. J. Emerson, D. TI Marine iron-oxidizing bacteria and steel corrosion SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Knoxville, TN C1 [McBeth, J. M.; Farrar, K. M.; Fleming, E. J.; Emerson, D.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. [Ray, R. I.; Little, B. J.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jmcbeth@bigelow.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 12 SU 1 BP A683 EP A683 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 676TL UT WOS:000283941402070 ER PT J AU Papineau, D De Gregorio, BT Steele, A Stroud, RM Fogel, ML AF Papineau, D. De Gregorio, B. T. Steele, A. Stroud, R. M. Fogel, M. L. TI Fluid-deposition of graphite with apatite in an Eoarchean banded iron formation from the Nuvvuagittuq Supracrustal Belt, Quebec, Canada SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Knoxville, TN C1 [Papineau, D.; Steele, A.; Fogel, M. L.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [De Gregorio, B. T.; Stroud, R. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dpapineau@ciw.edu RI De Gregorio, Bradley/B-8465-2008 OI De Gregorio, Bradley/0000-0001-9096-3545 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 12 SU 1 BP A790 EP A790 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 676TL UT WOS:000283941402283 ER PT J AU Bates, JW Schmitt, AJ Fyfe, DE Obenschain, SP Zalesak, ST AF Bates, Jason W. Schmitt, Andrew J. Fyfe, David E. Obenschain, Steve P. Zalesak, Steve T. TI Simulations of high-gain shock-ignited inertial-confinement-fusion implosions using less than 1 MJ of direct KrF-laser energy SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on High Energy Density Physics CY MAY 19-22, 2009 CL Austin, TX DE Shock ignition; Direct-drive laser fusion; ICF target designs; KrF lasers ID DESIGNS; PICKET AB In this paper, we report on recent numerical simulations of inertial-confinement-fusion (ICF) implosions using the FAST radiation hydrocode at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. Our study focuses on three classes of shock-ignited target designs utilizing less than 1 MJ of direct, krypton-fluoride (KrF) laser energy, which was "zoomed" to maximize the coupling efficiency. In the shock-ignition approach [R. Betti, C.D. Zhou, K.S. Anderson, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 (2007) 155001], a moderate-intensity, compressive laser pulse is followed by a short-duration high-intensity spike that launches a spherically-convergent shock wave to ignite a thick shell of compressed fuel. Such an arrangement appears to offer several significant advantages, including a low ignition threshold, high gain, and less susceptibility to the deleterious effects of hydrodynamic and laser-plasma instabilities. According to one-dimensional simulations, fusion gains over 200 can be achieved with shock-ignited targets using less than 750 kJ of laser energy. This represents a significant improvement in performance over conventional centrally-ignited designs. To examine the stability of these targets, several two-dimensional simulations were also performed that incorporated realistic perturbation sources such as laser imprinting and roughness spectra for inner/outer pellet surfaces. Although the simulations indicate that appreciable low-mode distortion of the fuel shell can occur at late time as a result of these perturbations, high gains are still achieved in many cases owing to the low in-flight aspect ratios of shock-ignited targets. We should remark, though, that the high convergence ratios of these same designs suggest that other sources of low-mode asymmetries, which were not considered in this study (e.g., beam misalignment and energy-balance errors), may be important in determining overall pellet stability and performance. We discuss these issues, as well as other salient design considerations for shock-ignited ICF targets. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bates, Jason W.; Schmitt, Andrew J.; Obenschain, Steve P.; Zalesak, Steve T.] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fyfe, David E.] USN, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bates, JW (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jason.bates@nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 6 IS 2 SI SI BP 128 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2009.12.002 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 660BX UT WOS:000282614600002 ER PT J AU Coverdale, CA Jones, B Ampleford, DJ Chittenden, J Jennings, C Thornhill, JW Apruzese, JP Clark, RW Whitney, KG Dasgupta, A Davis, J Guiliani, J LePell, PD Deeney, C Sinars, DB Cuneo, ME AF Coverdale, C. A. Jones, B. Ampleford, D. J. Chittenden, J. Jennings, C. Thornhill, J. W. Apruzese, J. P. Clark, R. W. Whitney, K. G. Dasgupta, A. Davis, J. Guiliani, J. LePell, P. D. Deeney, C. Sinars, D. B. Cuneo, M. E. TI K-shell X-ray sources at the Z Accelerator SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on High Energy Density Physics CY MAY 19-22, 2009 CL Austin, TX DE Z Accelerator; K-shell X-rays ID ARRAY Z-PINCHES; ALUMINUM-ARRAY; WIRE ARRAYS; IMPLOSIONS; RADIATION; EMISSION; SIMULATIONS; DIAGNOSTICS; INSTABILITY; TITANIUM AB The Z Accelerator has been used for many years as a research facility for high energy density plasmas, with applications ranging from astrophysics to inertial confinement fusion. The available current at the Z Accelerator (>15 MA) has also allowed for experiments over a wide range of K-shell X-ray sources, including Al (similar to 1.6 key), Ar (similar to 3.1 key), Ti (similar to 4.8 key), stainless steel (SS, similar to 6.7 key), and Cu (similar to 8.4 keV). The K-shell sources provide excellent opportunities for studying the details of a z-pinch through radiated output in various photon energy regimes, imaging, and spectroscopy. Variations in initial load configurations illustrate the difficulty in achieving appropriate plasma conditions for K-shell emissions, particularly for stainless steel and Cu. The requirement for large diameter loads (>40 mm) enhances the growth of the magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instability during the implosion; evidence of this instability is presented in stagnated pinch data. Data from a variety of K-shell sources and load configurations are presented and discussed to illustrate the details of the imploding and stagnated z pinches. The application of existing and modified scaling theories to the K-shell data is also described, as are multidimensional calculations that can be directly compared to the experimental observations. The recent refurbishment of the Z Accelerator will ultimately increase the coupled energy available to a load, with an anticipated peak current of 26 MA into a wire array. The current waveforms measured to date are presented, along with a brief discussion of the current status of K-shell work at the Z Accelerator. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Coverdale, C. A.; Jones, B.; Ampleford, D. J.; Jennings, C.; Sinars, D. B.; Cuneo, M. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Chittenden, J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Thornhill, J. W.; Apruzese, J. P.; Dasgupta, A.; Davis, J.; Guiliani, J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Clark, R. W.; Whitney, K. G.] Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. [LePell, P. D.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Deeney, C.] NNSA DOE, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coverdale, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM cacover@sandia.gov NR 42 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 6 IS 2 SI SI BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2010.01.006 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 660BX UT WOS:000282614600004 ER PT J AU Harding, EC Drake, RP Aglitskiy, Y Gillespie, RS Grosskopf, MJ Weaver, JL Velikovich, AL Visco, A Ditmar, JR AF Harding, E. C. Drake, R. P. Aglitskiy, Y. Gillespie, R. S. Grosskopf, M. J. Weaver, J. L. Velikovich, A. L. Visco, A. Ditmar, J. R. TI Experimental design to generate strong shear layers in a high-energy-density plasma SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on High Energy Density Physics CY MAY 19-22, 2009 CL Austin, TX DE Shear flow; Kelvin-Helmholtz instability; Nike Laser ID INSTABILITY; TARGET AB The development of a new experimental system for generating a strong shear flow in a high-energy-density plasma is described in detail. The targets were designed with the goal of producing a diagnosable Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability, which plays an important role in the transition turbulence but remains relatively unexplored in the high-energy-density regime. To generate the shear flow the Nike laser was used to drive a flow of Al plasma over a low-density foam surface with an initial perturbation. The interaction of the Al and foam was captured with a spherical crystal imager using 1.86 keV X-rays. The selection of the individual targets components is discussed and results are presented. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Harding, E. C.; Drake, R. P.; Gillespie, R. S.; Grosskopf, M. J.; Visco, A.; Ditmar, J. R.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Aglitskiy, Y.; Weaver, J. L.; Velikovich, A. L.] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Harding, EC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM eharding@umich.edu RI Drake, R Paul/I-9218-2012 OI Drake, R Paul/0000-0002-5450-9844 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 6 IS 2 SI SI BP 179 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2010.01.013 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 660BX UT WOS:000282614600010 ER PT J AU Ratwani, R Trafton, JG AF Ratwani, Raj Trafton, J. Gregory TI An Eye Movement Analysis of the Effect of Interruption Modality on Primary Task Resumption SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article DE human-computer interaction (HCI); eye tracking; multiple resources; attentional processes; interruption modality; task resumption ID MULTIPLE RESOURCES; ACTIVATION; MEMORY; MODEL; PERFORMANCE; MANAGEMENT; RECOVERY; WORKLOAD; DISPLAY; GOALS AB Objective: We examined the effect of interruption modality (visual or auditory) on primary task (visual) resumption to determine which modality was the least disruptive. Background: Theories examining interruption modality have focused on specific periods of the interruption timeline. Preemption theory has focused on the switch from the primary task to the interrupting task. Multiple resource theory has focused on interrupting tasks that are to be performed concurrently with the primary task. Our focus was on examining how interruption modality influences task resumption. We leverage the memory-for-goals theory, which suggests that maintaining an associative link between environmental cues and the suspended primary task goal is important for resumption. Method: Three interruption modality conditions were examined: auditory interruption with the primary task visible, auditory interruption with a blank screen occluding the primary task, and a visual interruption occluding the primary task. Reaction time and eye movement data were collected. Results: The auditory condition with the primary task visible was the least disruptive. Eye movement data suggest that participants in this condition were actively maintaining an associative link between relevant environmental cues on the primary task interface and the suspended primary task goal during the interruption. Conclusion: These data suggest that maintaining cue association is the important factor for reducing the disruptiveness of interruptions, not interruption modality. Application: Interruption-prone computing environments should be designed to allow for the user to have access to relevant primary task cues during an interruption to minimize disruptiveness. C1 [Ratwani, Raj] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Trafton, J. Gregory] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ratwani, R (reprint author), 4400 Univ Dr,MS3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM rratwani@gmu.edu FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council; U.S. federal government FX This work was supported by a grant from the Office of Naval Research to Greg Trafton and by a fellowship from the National Research Council to Raj Ratwani. As a work fully funded by the U.S. federal government, the content of the article is in the public domain. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 15 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD JUN PY 2010 VL 52 IS 3 BP 370 EP 380 DI 10.1177/0018720810374195 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 669CA UT WOS:000283322800002 PM 21077561 ER PT J AU Campbell, JR Reid, JS Westphal, DL Zhang, JL Hyer, EJ Welton, EJ AF Campbell, James R. Reid, Jeffrey S. Westphal, Douglas L. Zhang, Jianglong Hyer, Edward J. Welton, Ellsworth J. TI CALIOP Aerosol Subset Processing for Global Aerosol Transport Model Data Assimilation SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Aerosols; laser radar; modeling; satellite applications AB A system for processing Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) satellite-based 0.532 and 1.064 mu m elastic and polarization lidar datasets for global aerosol transport model assimilation is described. A method for constructing one-degree along-track and cloud-free signal composite averages, consistent with Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) model gridding, using CALIOP Level 1B attenuated backscatter and Level 2 cloud boundary-height products is outlined. Optimal vertical resolutions and relative signal uncertainties for the composite signal averages are described for both day and nighttime measurement scenarios. Depolarization profiles are described for the 0.532 mu m channel as well as attenuated color ratio profiles using 0.532 and 1.064 mu m attenuated backscatter measurements. Constrained by NAAPS model aerosol optical depths, processed attenuated backscatter profiles are inverted to solve for extinction and backscatter coefficients, their ratio, and extinction coefficient profiles which serve as the basis for data assimilation. C1 [Campbell, James R.; Hyer, Edward J.] USN, Res Lab, Univ Corp, Atmospher Res Visiting Scientist Programs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Zhang, Jianglong] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Welton, Ellsworth J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Campbell, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Univ Corp, Atmospher Res Visiting Scientist Programs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jamesc@ucar.edu; jeffrey.reid@nrlmry.navy.mil; dou-glas.westphal@nrlmry.navy.mil; jzhang@aero.und.edu; ehyer@ucar.edu; Ellsworth.J.Welton@nasa.gov RI Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Welton, Ellsworth/A-8362-2012; Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH07AG441]; Office of Naval Research [32, 35] FX Manuscript received April 06, 2009; revised September 09, 2009; accepted December 15, 2009. Current version published May 19, 2010. This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant NNH07AG441 and by the Office of Naval Research Codes 32 and 35. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 3 IS 2 BP 203 EP 214 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2044868 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 599DJ UT WOS:000277890100005 ER PT J AU Michael, JB Shing, MT Cruickshank, KJ Redmond, PJ AF Michael, James Bret Shing, Man-Tak Cruickshank, Kristian John Redmond, Patrick James TI Hazard Analysis and Validation Metrics Framework for System of Systems Software Safety SO IEEE SYSTEMS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Goal question metric; goal structuring notation; hazard analysis; interface hazard; safety; software; system of systems; validation metrics AB Safety-critical software-intensive systems of systems require rigorous verification and validation to ensure that they function as per requirements. Unlike verification, validation is typically an ill-defined activity for software development. This paper presents a well-defined validation metrics framework which uses hazard analysis, and the derived software requirements for mitigating the identified hazards, as proxies in gauging the sufficiency of the software safety requirements early in the software development process. Moreover, traditional hazard analysis techniques are insufficient to deal with the complexity and size of systems of systems. This paper examines the nature and types of hazards associated with systems of systems and presents a new technique for analyzing one type of emergent hazard known as an interface hazard. C1 [Michael, James Bret; Shing, Man-Tak] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Cruickshank, Kristian John; Redmond, Patrick James] RAAF Base Williams, Royal Australian Air Force, Laverton, Vic 3027, Australia. RP Michael, JB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bmichael@nps.edu; shing@nps.edu; kristian.cruickshank@defence.gov.au; patrick.redmond@defence.gov.au FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was supported in part by a grant from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the U. S. Government. The U. S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright annotations thereon. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1932-8184 J9 IEEE SYST J JI IEEE Syst. J. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 BP 186 EP 197 DI 10.1109/JSYST.2010.2050159 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Telecommunications GA 607WZ UT WOS:000278539300007 ER PT J AU Ngu, Y Peckerar, MC Sander, D Eddy, CR Mastro, MA Hite, JK Holm, RT Henry, RL Tuchman, A AF Ngu, Yves Peckerar, M. C. Sander, D. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Mastro, Michael A. Hite, Jennifer K. Holm, R. T. Henry, R. L. Tuchman, A. TI Array of Two UV-Wavelength Detector Types SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Solid-state imagers; UV imaging; wide band-gap semiconductor applications ID FUTURE AB An approach to fabricate a set of simultaneously operating dual-UV-wavelength detectors is described. The fabrication flow relies on the confined-epitaxy growth method. The confined epitaxial Al(x)Ga(1-x)N-layer stacking approach is used to establish simultaneous multiple UV-wavelength detection. The chosen stoichiometries of specific epitaxial layers set the wavelength sensitivity at approximately 355 nm for pixel A and 320 nm for pixel B. Spectral responsivity plots of the detectors clearly show the dual-UV-color sensitivity of the pair. The detectors have signal-to-noise ratios of 15 and 17 and spectral responsivity values of 0.12 A/W and 0.05 A/W for pixel A and pixel B, respectively. C1 [Ngu, Yves] IBM Microelect Div, SiGe Device Modeling Grp, Burlington Facil, Burlington, VT 05452 USA. [Peckerar, M. C.; Sander, D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Eddy, Charles R., Jr.; Mastro, Michael A.; Hite, Jennifer K.; Holm, R. T.; Henry, R. L.] USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tuchman, A.] TechnoVentures LLC, Silver Spring, MD 20902 USA. RP Ngu, Y (reprint author), IBM Microelect Div, SiGe Device Modeling Grp, Burlington Facil, Burlington, VT 05452 USA. RI Sander, David/B-4895-2011; Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU Navy Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with U.S. Naval Research Laboratory [NCRADA NRL-07-418]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Center [NNC06DA10C]; American Society for Engineering Education FX Manuscript received September 11, 2009; revised March 5, 2010; accepted March 9, 2010. Date of publication April 22, 2010; date of current version May 19, 2010. This work was supported in part under the Navy Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with U.S. Naval Research Laboratory under NCRADA NRL-07-418 and in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Center under Contract NNC06DA10C. The work of J. K. Hite was supported by the American Society for Engineering Education-Naval Research Laboratory Post-doctoral Fellowship Program. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor L. Lunardi. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUN PY 2010 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1224 EP 1229 DI 10.1109/TED.2010.2045706 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 599BD UT WOS:000277884100005 ER PT J AU Persano, A Nabet, B Currie, M Convertino, A Leo, G Cola, A AF Persano, Anna Nabet, Bahram Currie, Marc Convertino, Annalisa Leo, Gabriella Cola, Adriano TI Single-Layer InAs Quantum Dots for High-Performance Planar Photodetectors Near 1.3 mu m SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE InAs; planar photodetectors; quantum dots (QDs); QD absorption; time response; transport ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; PHOTOCURRENT SPECTROSCOPY; CARRIER TRANSPORT; GAAS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; EMISSION; DEFECTS; MATRIX AB The potential of InAs quantum-dot (QD) photodetectors for room-temperature high-speed operation at wavelengths near 1.3 mu m is evaluated. Specifically, planar metal-semiconductor-metal structures on GaAs substrates containing one absorption layer of self-assembled InAs QDs embedded in Ga(In)As matrices are fabricated, characterized, and analyzed. Light absorption, optically generated carrier transport, and collection mechanisms are studied. The role of the QD embedding matrix in the lateral transport of the photogenerated carriers is also studied by comparing structures with QDs in GaAs and In(0.15)Ga(0.85) As matrices. Devices show low dark currents in tens of nanoamperes and high light sensitivity when adjusted to QD volumes, whereas external quantum efficiency remains in the range 10(-5)-10(-4) for all fabricated samples. The time response of the fabricated devices is obtained using an excitation wavelength resonant with QD interband transitions, thus allowing the photogeneration of electron-hole pairs inside the dots. Results prove detection capability of a single layer of QDs in a common photodetector structure with a full-width half-maximum time response on the order of 10 ps. A long tail, about 100 ps, but at a small fraction of the peak response amplitude, is also observed, suggesting mechanisms for charge transport and collection. C1 [Persano, Anna; Cola, Adriano] Univ Lecce, Inst Microelect & Microsyst, Natl Res Council IMM CNR, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Nabet, Bahram] Drexel Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Currie, Marc] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Convertino, Annalisa] Natl Res Council IMM CNR, Inst Microelect & Microsyst, Unit Roma, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Leo, Gabriella] Natl Res Council ISMN CNR, Inst Nanostruct Mat, I-00016 Rome, Italy. RP Persano, A (reprint author), Univ Lecce, Inst Microelect & Microsyst, Natl Res Council IMM CNR, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. EM nabet@ece.drexel.edu RI Cola, Adriano/G-2379-2010; OI LEO, GABRIELLA/0000-0001-8871-7556; PERSANO, ANNA/0000-0002-4239-4074 FU National Science Foundation [ECCS 0702716] FX Manuscript received January 7, 2010; accepted March 11, 2010. Date of publication April 22, 2010; date of current version May 19, 2010. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Electronic and Photonic Devices Technology Grant ECCS 0702716. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor L. Lunardi. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUN PY 2010 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1237 EP 1242 DI 10.1109/TED.2010.2046462 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 599BD UT WOS:000277884100007 ER PT J AU Nguyen, GD Wieselthier, JE Ephremides, A AF Nguyen, Gam D. Wieselthier, Jeffrey E. Ephremides, Anthony TI Random Access in Wireless Networks With Overlapping Cells SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY LA English DT Article DE Aloha; cellular; channel traffic; collision channel; multiple destinations; random access AB We study cellular-like wireless networks in which the cells may overlap substantially, and a common channel is used for all cells. Thus, transmissions intended for one destination (or base station) can cause interference at neighboring destinations. We assume the use of a "collision-channel" model, in which arbitrary communication and interference regions are associated with each destination. The interaction between such cells is best exemplified if the protocol of access in each cell is pure random access, i.e., Slotted Aloha. We derive a mathematical formula for the maximum achievable throughput for multiple-cell networks that satisfy a "balance" condition, which is related to (but not as stringent as) symmetry. This formula implies that the throughput achieved in a cell is affected only by the degree of overlap with adjacent cells, i.e., a cell's throughput is not affected by transmissions that are outside of its interference region. Moreover, we show that, at the point of maximum throughput, the expected channel traffic is one packet per slot in each cell, an extension of the result obtained many years ago for single-destination networks. C1 [Nguyen, Gam D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wieselthier, Jeffrey E.] Wieselthier Res, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. [Ephremides, Anthony] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ephremides, Anthony] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Nguyen, GD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gam.nguyen@nrl.navy.mil; jeff@wieselthier.com; etony@umd.edu FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9448 J9 IEEE T INFORM THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory PD JUN PY 2010 VL 56 IS 6 BP 2887 EP 2892 DI 10.1109/TIT.2010.2046194 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 598ZU UT WOS:000277880200029 ER PT J AU Larsen, PB Abe, DK Cooke, SJ Levush, B Antonsen, TM Myers, RE AF Larsen, Paul B. Abe, David K. Cooke, Simon J. Levush, Baruch Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr. Myers, Robert E. TI Characterization of a Ka-band Sheet-Beam Coupled-Cavity Slow-Wave Structure SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Coupled cavity; sheet beam; slow-wave structure (SWS); traveling-wave tube (TWT) ID INTERACTION IMPEDANCE; EQUIVALENT-CIRCUIT; TWT AB This paper investigates the properties of a three-slot doubly periodic staggered-ladder sheet-beam coupled-cavity slow-wave structure (SWS) developed at the U. S. Naval Research Laboratory. The structure is overmoded with complicated mode crossings and field structures. The staggered-ladder structure is compared to round-beam structures via full-wave electromagnetic simulations and experimental measurements. We explore the application of this SWS in a traveling-wave tube amplifier. C1 [Larsen, Paul B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Larsen, Paul B.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Abe, David K.; Cooke, Simon J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Myers, Robert E.] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Larsen, PB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.larsen@nrl.navy.mil RI Cooke, Simon/A-9530-2010; Abe, David/D-7546-2013; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX Manuscript received October 15, 2009; revised January 14, 2010; accepted January 31, 2010. Date of publication March 29, 2010; date of current version June 9, 2010. This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. This paper was presented in part at the 10th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, Angelicum Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Rome, Italy, April 28-30, 2009 [1] and the 36th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Omni Hotel, San Diego, California, May 31-June 5, 2009 [2]. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 38 IS 6 SI SI BP 1244 EP 1254 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2043690 PN 1 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 649JJ UT WOS:000281764600014 ER PT J AU Gold, SH Fliflet, AW Hafizi, B Gordon, DF Kinkead, AK AF Gold, Steven H. Fliflet, Arne W. Hafizi, Bahman Gordon, Daniel F. Kinkead, Allen K. TI Transient Effects in an X-Band Magnicon Amplifier SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE High-power RF; magnicon; transient effects ID DEFLECTION; BEAM AB The Naval Research Laboratory X-band magnicon is a frequency-doubling amplifier for accelerator applications at 11.4 GHz, with high power (10-20 MW), adjustable pulsewidth (200 ns-1 mu s), stable gain (> 50 dB), and a modest tuning range (similar to 0.1%) but a narrow bandwidth (a few megahertz). The magnicon is the heart of a facility to study dielectric-loaded accelerating structures, and to drive a compact linear accelerator. In these applications, frequency control is important. However, it was recently observed that in short pulse (similar to 200 ns) operation, the output frequency does not match twice the drive frequency. This paper presents a brief description and analysis of this phenomenon as well as other transient effects that are observed in longer pulses. C1 [Gold, Steven H.; Fliflet, Arne W.; Gordon, Daniel F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hafizi, Bahman; Kinkead, Allen K.] Icarus Res,Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Gold, SH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM steven.gold@nrl.navy.mil; arne.fliflet@nrl.navy.mil; bahman.hafizi@nrl.navy.mil; daniel.gordon@nrl.navy.mil; allen.kinkead@navy.mil FU Office of High Energy Physics, U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Naval Research FX Manuscript received September 24, 2009; revised November 25, 2009; accepted December 2, 2009. Date of publication February 2, 2010; date of current version June 9, 2010. This work was supported by the Office of High Energy Physics, U.S. Department of Energy and the Office of Naval Research. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 38 IS 6 SI SI BP 1329 EP 1336 DI 10.1109/TPS.2009.2038383 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 649JJ UT WOS:000281764600025 ER PT J AU Jing, CG Gai, W Power, JG Konecny, R Liu, WM Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Tantawi, SG Dolgashev, V Kanareykin, A AF Jing, Chunguang Gai, Wei Power, John G. Konecny, Richard Liu, Wanming Gold, Steven H. Kinkead, Allen K. Tantawi, Sami G. Dolgashev, Valery Kanareykin, Alexei TI Progress Toward Externally Powered X-Band Dielectric-Loaded Accelerating Structures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Dielectric breakdown; dielectric-loaded accelerator; high-power RF; multipactor AB We summarize recent progress in a program to develop externally powered dielectric-loaded accelerating (DLA) structures that can sustain high accelerating gradients. High-power RF tests of earlier structures showed strong multipactor loading. In addition, arcing at dielectric joints between the uniform DLA structure and matching sections at either end limited the achievable gradient. In this paper, we study the onset of multipactor in a DLA structure. We also study the effect of thin-film TiN coatings applied by atomic layer deposition and the effect of a reduction in the inner diameter of the structure. Test results of these structures show significant decreases in multipactor loading. We also test new structure designs that eliminate separate dielectric matching sections and, thus, the requirement for dielectric joints, including a DLA structure using a coaxial coupler and a clamped DLA structure. The clamped structure demonstrated a significantly improved gradient without breakdown. C1 [Jing, Chunguang; Kanareykin, Alexei] Euclid TechLabs LLC, Solon, OH 44139 USA. [Jing, Chunguang; Gai, Wei; Power, John G.; Konecny, Richard; Liu, Wanming] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gold, Steven H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kinkead, Allen K.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. [Tantawi, Sami G.; Dolgashev, Valery] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Jing, CG (reprint author), Euclid TechLabs LLC, Solon, OH 44139 USA. EM jingchg@hep.anl.gov; wg@hep.anl.gov; jp@hep.anl.gov; rsk@hep.anl.gov; wmliu@hep.anl.gov; steven.gold@nrl.navy.mil; allen.kinkead@nrl.navy.mil; tantawi@slac.stanford.edu; dolgash@slac.stanford.edu; alexkan@euclidtechlabs.com FU U.S. Department of Energy; High Energy Physics Division; Office of Naval Research; Small Business Innovation Research Program FX Manuscript received September 21, 2009; revised October 29, 2009; accepted October 30, 2009. Date of publication January 15, 2010; date of current version June 9, 2010. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, by the Small Business Innovation Research Program, by the High Energy Physics Division, and by the Office of Naval Research. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 38 IS 6 SI SI BP 1354 EP 1360 DI 10.1109/TPS.2009.2036921 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 649JJ UT WOS:000281764600028 ER PT J AU Botton, M Cooke, SJ Antonsen, TM Chernyavskiy, IA Vlasov, AN Levush, B AF Botton, Mordechai Cooke, Simon J. Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr. Chernyavskiy, Igor A. Vlasov, Alexander N. Levush, Baruch TI Compact 3-D Envelope ADI-FDTD Algorithm for Simulations of Coherent Radiation Sources SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Alternating direction implicit (ADI); slow-wave structure; vacuum electronics ID MICROWAVE SOURCES; EQUATIONS; DEVICES; CODE; MAGY AB A modified complex-envelope (CE) alternating-direction-implicit (ADI) finite-difference time-domain solver for electromagnetic (EM) fields is presented. Like the conventional ADI scheme, the modified scheme is based on splitting the time step into two halves. In each substep, Maxwell's equations are solved implicitly in one direction and explicitly in the perpendicular direction. The new scheme is a combination of the conventional CE-ADI scheme and the leapfrog ADI scheme that was recently reported. The main features are a more compact form of the tridiagonal equations and greater flexibility in the application of boundary conditions. The boundary conditions on the six faces of the solution box are general and can be specified either as perfect conductor, symmetry boundary conditions, cavity modes, or arbitrary external specification. The new compact CE-ADI scheme is unconditionally stable; thus, the time step can be larger than the one imposed by the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition. Fast stable EM simulations of a planar slow-wave structure are demonstrated, with time steps exceeding the CFL limit by two orders of magnitude. C1 [Botton, Mordechai] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Cooke, Simon J.; Vlasov, Alexander N.; Levush, Baruch] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Botton, M (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM bdmoti@phys.huji.ac.il; simon.cooke@nrl.navy.mil; antonsen@glue.umd.edu; igor.a.chernyavskiy@saic.com; vlasov@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; baruch.levush@nrl.navy.mil RI Cooke, Simon/A-9530-2010; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX Manuscript received October 15, 2009; revised January 11, 2010; accepted February 19, 2010. Date of publication May 17, 2010; date of current version June 9, 2010. This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 38 IS 6 SI SI BP 1439 EP 1449 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2047274 PN 1 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 649JJ UT WOS:000281764600038 ER PT J AU Cassimatis, N Bignoli, P Bugajska, M Dugas, S Kurup, U Murugesan, A Bello, P AF Cassimatis, Nicholas Bignoli, Perrin Bugajska, Magdalena Dugas, Scott Kurup, Unmesh Murugesan, Arthi Bello, Paul TI An Architecture for Adaptive Algorithmic Hybrids SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART B-CYBERNETICS LA English DT Article DE Hybrid architectures; integrated systems ID INTELLIGENCE; NETWORKS AB We describe a cognitive architecture for creating more robust intelligent systems. Our approach is to enable hybrids of algorithms based on different computational formalisms to be executed. The architecture ismotivated by some features of human cognitive architecture and the following beliefs: 1) Most existing computational methods often exhibit some of the characteristics desired of intelligent systems at the cost of other desired characteristics and 2) a system exhibiting robust intelligence can be designed by implementing hybrids of these computational methods. The main obstacle to this approach is that the various relevant computational methods are based on data structures and algorithms that are difficult to integrate into one system. We describe a new method of executing hybrids of algorithms using the focus of attention of multiple modules. The key to this approach is the following two principles: 1) Algorithms based on very different computational frameworks (e. g., logical reasoning, probabilistic inference, and case-based reasoning) can be implemented using the same set of five common functions and 2) each of these common functions can be executed using multiple data structures and algorithms. This approach has been embodied in the Polyscheme cognitive architecture. Systems based on Polyscheme in planning, spatial reasoning, robotics, and information retrieval illustrate that this approach to hybridizing algorithms enables qualitative and measurable quantitative advances in the abilities of intelligent systems. C1 [Cassimatis, Nicholas; Bignoli, Perrin; Bugajska, Magdalena; Kurup, Unmesh; Murugesan, Arthi] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Bugajska, Magdalena] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dugas, Scott] SoftArtisans, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. [Bello, Paul] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Cassimatis, N (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM cassin@rpi.edu; bigniop@rpi.edu; bugjam@rpi.edu; dugass@rpi.edu; kurupu@rpi.edu; paul.bello@navy.mil NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4419 EI 1941-0492 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY B JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B-Cybern. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 40 IS 3 SI SI BP 903 EP 914 DI 10.1109/TSMCB.2009.2033262 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 597QO UT WOS:000277774700031 PM 19914898 ER EF