FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Stack, J AF Stack, Jason BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Automation for Underwater Mine Recognition: Current Trends & Future Strategy SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XVI CY APR 25-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Adaptive; automation; machine learning; mine countermeasures; mine warfare; performance estimation; recognition; standards; trust; underwater perception ID SCAN SONAR IMAGERY; TARGET CLASSIFICATION; SIDESCAN SONAR; ACOUSTIC BACKSCATTER; ALGORITHM FUSION; ENVIRONMENTS; PERFORMANCE; EXTRACTION; FRAMEWORK; OBJECTS AB The purpose of this paper is to define the vision and future strategy for advancing the use of automation in underwater mine recognition. The technical portion of this strategy is founded on the principle of adapting the automation in situ based on a highly variable environment / context and the occasional availability of the human operator. To frame this strategy, a survey of past and current algorithm development for underwater mine recognition is presented and includes a detailed description on adaptive algorithms. This discussion is motivated by illustrating the extreme variability in the underwater environment and that performance estimation techniques are now emerging that are capable of quantifying these variations in situ. It is the in situ linkage of performance estimation with adaptive recognition that forms one of the key technological enablers of this future strategy. The non-technical portion of this strategy is centered on enabling an effective human-machine team. Enabling this teaming relationship involves both gaining trust and establishing an overall support system that is amenable to such human-machine interactions. Aspects of trust include both individual trust and institutional trust, and a path for gaining both is discussed. Overall aspects of the support system are highlighted and include standards for data and interoperability, network-centric software architectures, and issues in proliferating knowledge that is learned in situ by multiple distributed algorithms. This paper concludes with an articulation of several important and timely research questions concerning automation for underwater mine recognition. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Stack, J (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 98 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-591-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8017 AR 80170K DI 10.1117/12.884475 PG 21 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWS83 UT WOS:000294758600020 ER PT S AU Tucker, JD Srivastava, A AF Tucker, J. Derek Srivastava, Anuj BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Statistical Analysis and Classification of Acoustic Color Functions SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XVI CY APR 25-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE acoustic color; functional data analysis; pattern recognition; shape analysis; sonar imagery AB In this paper we present a method for clustering and classification of acoustic color data based on statistical analysis of functions using square-root velocity functions (SVRF). The convenience of the SVRF is that it transforms the Fisher-Rao metric into the standard L-2 metric. As a result, a formal distance can be calculated using geodesic paths. Moreover, this method allows optimal deformations between acoustic color data to be computed for any two targets allowing for robustness to measurement error. Using the SVRF formulation statistical models can then be constructed using principal component analysis to model the functional variation of acoustic color data. Empirical results demonstrate the utility of functional data analysis for improving performance results in pattern recognition using acoustic color data. C1 [Tucker, J. Derek] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Tucker, JD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. EM james.d.tucker@navy.mil OI Tucker, James/0000-0001-8844-2169 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-591-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8017 AR 80170O DI 10.1117/12.884537 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWS83 UT WOS:000294758600023 ER PT S AU Kruer, MR Lee, JN von Berg, DL Howard, JG Edelberg, J AF Kruer, Melvin R. Lee, John N. von Berg, Dale Linne Howard, John Grant Edelberg, Jason BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI System considerations of aerial infrared imaging for wide area persistent surveillance) SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXII CY APR 26-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE persistent surveillance; wide area motion imagery; ISR; infrared imagery AB Wide field-of-view infrared sensor and data acquisition and exploitation systems are being developed and tested for detecting activity and threats over extended areas. Limitations on the total number of pixels available in infrared arrays precipitate sensor design discussions on achieving the widest total field-of-view while achieving small ground sample distance to allow automated tracking and activity detection. In order to allow accurate imagery geo-location, the sensors optical characteristics as well as its location and orientation must be accurately recorded with each image. This paper will discuss system considerations of infrared imaging sensors for wide area persistent surveillance. We will present some uses of an advanced day/night sensors for wide area persistent surveillance that use large, high quality mid-wave infrared (MWIR) staring arrays in a fast step-stare stabilized mount and a Windows based data acquisition and exploitation system. C1 [Kruer, Melvin R.; Lee, John N.; von Berg, Dale Linne; Howard, John Grant; Edelberg, Jason] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kruer, MR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-588-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8014 AR 80140J DI 10.1117/12.887528 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWU66 UT WOS:000294903800017 ER PT S AU Smith, LN Waterman, JR Judd, KP AF Smith, Leslie N. Waterman, James R. Judd, K. Peter BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI A new blur kernel estimator and comparisons to state-of-the-art SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXII CY APR 26-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Image restoration; PSF estimation; deconvolution; statistics AB This paper presents a simple, fast, and robust method to estimate the blur kernel model, support size, and its parameters directly from a blurry image. The edge profile method eliminates the need for searching the parameter space. In addition, this edge profile method is highly local and can provide a measure of asymmetry and spatial variation, which allows one to make an informed decision on whether to use a symmetric or asymmetric, spatially varying or non-varying blur kernel over an image. Furthermore, the edge profile method is relatively robust to image noise. We show how to utilize the concepts behind the statistical tools for fitting data distributions to analytically obtain an estimate of the blur kernel that incorporates blur from all sources, including factors inherent in the imaging system. Comparisons are presented of the deblurring results from this method to current common practices for real-world (VNIR, SWIR, MWIR, and active IR) imagery. The effect of image noise on this method is compared to the effect of noise on other methods. C1 [Smith, Leslie N.; Waterman, James R.; Judd, K. Peter] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, LN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5673,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-588-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8014 AR 80140N DI 10.1117/12.888126 PG 19 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWU66 UT WOS:000294903800020 ER PT S AU Nichols, JM Waterman, JR Bayya, S Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Nichols, Jonathan M. Waterman, Jim R. Bayya, Shyam Sanghera, Jas S. Aggarwal, Ish D. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Influence of Spinel Head Window Thickness on the Performance Characteristics of a Submarine, Panoramic, Infrared Imaging System SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXVII CY APR 25-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Spinel; panoramic imager; infrared; headwindow; Photonics Mast AB This work explores the influence of head window thickness on the performance of a mid-wave infrared, panoramic periscope imager. Our focus is on transparent spinel ceramic as the head window material. Spinel is an attractive material for IR applications due to its good strength and transmission properties (visible through mid-wave). However, there is some degradation in spinel transmission near the high end of the mid-wave band (5 mu m) as the head window thickness increases. In this work we predict the relationship between head window thickness and imager performance, as quantified by the Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference, and compare these predictions to values estimated from experimental data. We then discuss the implications for imager design and demonstrate a possible approach to correcting for the headwindow-induced losses. The imager used in this study is a compact, catadioptric, camera that provides a 360 degrees horizontal azimuth by -10 degrees to + 30 degrees elevation field of view and uses a 2048 x 2048, 15 mu m pitch InSb detector. C1 [Nichols, Jonathan M.; Waterman, Jim R.; Bayya, Shyam; Sanghera, Jas S.; Aggarwal, Ish D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-586-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8012 AR 80122C DI 10.1117/12.884521 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWS70 UT WOS:000294735100081 ER PT S AU Dowgiallo, DJ Twarog, EM Rauen, S Peters, WM Lazio, TJ McGlothlin, NR Helmboldt, JF Gaiser, PW AF Dowgiallo, David J. Twarog, Elizabeth M. Rauen, Steve Peters, Wendy M. Lazio, T. Joseph McGlothlin, Norman R. Helmboldt, Joseph F. Gaiser, Peter W. BE Wikner, DA Luukanen, AR TI Millimeter Wave Interferometric Radiometry for the Detection and Geolocation of Low-Power Signals SO PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology XIV CY APR 28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE radiometry; interferometric; imaging; geolocation; receiver AB Millimeter wave detection and imaging is becoming increasingly important with the proliferation of hostile, mobile millimeter wave threats from both weapons systems and communication links. Improved force protection, surveillance, and targeting will rely increasingly on the interception, detection, geo-sorting, and the identification of sources, such as point-to point communication systems, missile seekers, precision guided munitions, and fire control radar systems. This paper describes the Naval Research Laboratory's (NRL) demonstration broadband passive millimeter wave (mmW) interferometric imaging system. This Ka-band system will provide a capability for meter-precision geolocation for imaged objects. The interferometer uses a distributed array of 12 antenna elements to synthesize a large aperture. Each antenna is packaged into an individual receiver, from which a baseband signal is recorded. The correlator is software-based, utilizing signal processing techniques for visibilities, and image formation via beamforming methods. This paper presents first results from an interferometer flight campaign. C1 [Dowgiallo, David J.; Twarog, Elizabeth M.; Rauen, Steve; Peters, Wendy M.; Helmboldt, Joseph F.; Gaiser, Peter W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dowgiallo, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dave.dowgiallo@nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-596-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8022 AR 802202 DI 10.1117/12.883503 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWU68 UT WOS:000294908500001 ER PT S AU Namkung, J Hoke, M Schwartz, A AF Namkung, Juock Hoke, Mike Schwartz, Andy BE Kazemi, AA Kress, B Chan, EY Riza, NA Kempen, LU TI Evanescent wave absorption measurements of corroded materials using ATR and optical fibers SO PHOTONIC APPLICATIONS FOR AEROSPACE, TRANSPORTATION, AND HARSH ENVIRONMENT II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Applications for Aerospace, Transportation, and Harsh Environment II CY APR 25-26, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Optical fiber; Optical fiber sensing; Corrosion sensing; Remote sensing; Evanescent wave; Health monitoring; Non destructive evaluation; Chemical sensing AB The purpose of this research effort is to develop an in-situ corrosion sensing capability. The technique will permit detection of corrosion on and within aircraft structures. This includes component junctions that are susceptible to corrosion but which are not accessible for visual inspection. The prototype experimental configuration we are developing includes long wave infrared transmitting optical fiber probes interfaced with a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) interferometer for evanescent wave absorption spectroscopic measurements. The mature and fielded technique will allow periodic remote sensing for detection of corrosion and for general onboard aircraft structural health monitoring. An experimental setup using an Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) crystal integrated with an FTIR spectrometer has been assembled. Naturally occurring corrosion including Aluminum Hydroxide [Al(OH)(3)] is one of the main corrosion products of aluminum the principle structural metal of aircraft. Absorption spectra of our model corrosion product, pure Al(OH)(3), have been collected with this ATR/FTIR experimental setup. The Al(OH)(3) spectra serve as reference spectral signatures. The spectra of corrosion samples from a simulated corrosion process have been collected and compared with the reference Al(OH)(3) spectra. Also absorption spectra of naturally occurring corrosion collected from a fielded corroded aircraft part have been obtained and compared with the spectra from the simulated corrosion. C1 [Namkung, Juock; Schwartz, Andy] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Namkung, J (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-600-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8026 AR 80260F DI 10.1117/12.895328 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWU63 UT WOS:000294900500013 ER PT S AU Carroll, TL Rachford, FJ AF Carroll, Thomas L. Rachford, Frederic J. BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI Nonlinear Dynamics Method for Target Identification SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XV CY APR 25-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Chaos; radar; target identification; dimension; phase space ID DIMENSION; SYSTEMS; CHAOS; RADAR; ATTRACTORS; SIGNALS AB One may describe the effect of a radar or sonar target on an incoming signal as a filter which produces a scattered signal. Chaotic signals are very sensitive to the effect of filters, so a radar or sonar target imposes a unique signature on a scattered chaotic signal. In this paper we describe a method that uses the concept of phase space dimension to create a reference from a scattered chaotic signal. This reference becomes part of a library, and comparing an unknown scattered signal to this library can reveal which target caused a particular scattered signal. Because we are not imaging the target, this method can use signal with low range resolution. C1 [Carroll, Thomas L.; Rachford, Frederic J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carroll, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6362, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomas.carroll@nrl.navy.mil OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-595-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8021 AR 80211I DI 10.1117/12.884473 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWU65 UT WOS:000294903500041 ER PT S AU Freeman, W AF Freeman, Will BE Anwar, AFM Dhar, NK Crowe, TW TI Modeling electron transport coherence in one and two-well terahertz step well quantum cascade structures with diagonal optical transitions SO TERAHERTZ PHYSICS, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS V: ADVANCE APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY AND DEFENSE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz Physics, Devices, and Systems V - Advance Applications in Industry and Defense CY APR 25-26, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE THz; quantum cascade; step well; diagonal optical transition; electron transport; density matrix; coherence; dephasing; Monte Carlo ID SCATTERING; LASERS; SEMICONDUCTORS; SUPERLATTICE; ROUGHNESS; INTERFACE; SYSTEMS AB A density matrix and tight binding model along with a Monte Carlo approach are used to model electron transport in one and two-well terahertz (THz) step well quantum cascade (QC) structures. Two new structures were analyzed, a multistep one-well structure and a principally two-well structure. Both of these structures use a diagonal optical transition for improved upper to lower lasing state lifetime ratio and feature a step well injector to provide near unity injection efficiency due to the spatial separation of the wavefunctions. Fast intrawell electron-longitudinal optical (LO)-phonon scattering is used to depopulate the lower lasing state which does not require the use of resonant tunneling. Density matrix Monte Carlo simulations are used to analyze these structures in order to investigate these properties. In these simulations scattering mechanisms including LO-phonon, electron-electron, impurity, and interface roughness scattering are treated semiclassically, while also contributing to dephasing scattering. A phenomenological dephasing time is also included to investigate the influence of dephasing on the electron transport within these structures. Subband populations, electron temperatures, optical gain, and current density are extracted from the simulations. The analysis indicates that it is necessary to include incoherent transport dephasing in order to provide realistic estimates of the transport process because the transport is primarily dominated by transitions between weakly coupled states. In addition, this analysis shows these simplified step well structures are capable of yielding high optical gain similar to 80 cm(-1) while at the same time expected to have relatively low threshold current densities |e|j similar to 380 A/cm(2). C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Phys, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Freeman, W (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Phys, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-597-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8023 AR 802305 DI 10.1117/12.883559 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BWU64 UT WOS:000294901700003 ER PT S AU Grisso, BL Salvino, LW Singh, G Singh, G Tansel, IN AF Grisso, Benjamin L. Salvino, Liming W. Singh, Gurjiwan Singh, Gurjashan Tansel, Ibrahim N. BE Kundu, T TI A comparison of impedance and Lamb wave SHM techniques for monitoring structural integrity of and through welded joints SO HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems 2011 CY MAR 07-10, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE SHM; damage detection; aluminum; weld; impedance SHM; Lamb wave SHM ID PLATES AB In this study, the feasibility of monitoring the structural integrity of welded thick aluminum plates was experimentally tested using two widely used SHM methods: impedance and Lamb wave analyses. The test structure was fabricated from two 1/4 inch thick aluminum plates welded together, and various structural defects, such as holes and cuts, were applied. At each of these damage steps, data were collected for both the impedance and Lamb wave techniques. Results consistently revealed the impedance method to be sensitive to damage in and through the weld. The envelopes of the Lamb wave signals were calculated using the S-transformation of the time histories. There was significant change to the curves when different defects were added to the plate. Both of the SHM methods studied detected each of the cuts and holes acting to reduce the overall strength of the structure. Each technique also detected the hole damage on the opposite side of the weld as the sensor(s) used for damage detection. The study further verified that surface waves move across welds allowing SHM methods to detect the defects even if the sensors are located on neighboring plates or geometries. C1 [Grisso, Benjamin L.; Salvino, Liming W.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Grisso, BL (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM benjamin.grisso@navy.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-546-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7984 AR 79840F DI 10.1117/12.880424 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWQ88 UT WOS:000294550700013 ER PT J AU Archer, MJ Lin, BC AF Archer, Marie J. Lin, Baochuan TI Development of a Single-Step Subtraction Method for Eukaryotic 18S and 28S Ribonucleic Acids SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; TETRAALKYLAMMONIUM SALT-SOLUTIONS; MESSENGER-RNA; CAPTURE-HYBRIDIZATION; PCR ASSAY; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; HUMAN MACROPHAGES; ENTEROVIRUS RNA; GENE-EXPRESSION AB The abundance of mammalian 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA can decrease the detection sensitivity of bacterial or viral targets in complex host-pathogen mixtures. A method to capture human RNA in a single step was developed and characterized to address this issue. For this purpose, capture probes were covalently attached to magnetic microbeads using a dendrimer linker and the solid phase was tested using rat thymus RNA (mammalian components) with Escherichia coli RNA (bacterial target) as a model system. Our results indicated that random capture probes demonstrated better performance than specific ones presumably by increasing the number of possible binding sites, and the use of a tetrame-thylammonium-chloride (TMA-Cl-) based buffer for the hybridization showed a beneficial effect in the selectivity. The subtraction efficiency determined through real-time RT-PCR revealed capture-efficiencies comparable with commercially available enrichment kits. The performance of the solid phase can be further fine tuned by modifying the annealing time and temperature. C1 [Archer, Marie J.; Lin, Baochuan] USN, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Archer, MJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marie.j.archer@gmail.com RI Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX This study was sponsored by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. The authors thank Dr. Jinny Liu and Ms. Lisa Shriver-Lake for critically reviewing the manuscript. They also thank Ms. Nina Long for her assistance in generating the magnetic-microbead-based solid phase. The views expressed here are those of the authors and none are to be construed as those of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, the U. S. Navy, the U. S. Department of Defense, or the U. S. Government at large. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1110-7243 J9 J BIOMED BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biomed. Biotechnol. PY 2011 AR 910369 DI 10.1155/2011/910369 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 816YX UT WOS:000294639100001 ER PT B AU Sinnott, SB Heo, SJ Brenner, DW Harrison, JA Irving, DL AF Sinnott, Susan B. Heo, Seong-Jun Brenner, Donald W. Harrison, Judith A. Irving, Douglas L. BE Bhushan, B TI Computer Simulations of Nanometer-Scale Indentation and Friction SO NANOTRIBOLOGY AND NANOMECHANICS: MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND NANOMECHANICS, VOL 1 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; TIP SUBSTRATE INTERACTIONS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; EPITAXIAL C-60 MONOLAYERS; AMORPHOUS-CARBON FILMS; DIAMOND 111 SURFACES; STICK-SLIP FRICTION; ORGANIC THIN-FILMS AB Engines and other machines with moving parts are often limited in their design and operational lifetime by friction and wear. This limitation has motivated the study of fundamental tribological processes with the ultimate aim of controlling and minimizing their impact. The recent development of miniature apparatus, such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanometer-scale devices, has increased interest in atomic-scale friction, which has been found to, in some cases, be due to mechanisms that are distinct from the mechanisms that dominate in macroscale friction. Presented in this chapter is a review of computational studies of tribological processes at the atomic and nanometer scale. In particular, a review of the findings of computational studies of nanometer-scale indentation, friction and lubrication is presented, along with a review of the salient computational methods that are used in these studies, and the conditions under which they are best applied. C1 [Sinnott, Susan B.; Heo, Seong-Jun] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Brenner, Donald W.; Irving, Douglas L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Harrison, Judith A.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Sinnott, SB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 154 Rhines Hall,POB 116400, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM sinnott@mse.ufl.edu; heogyver@ufl.edu; brenner@ncsu.edu; jah@usna.edu; dlirving@ncsu.edu NR 292 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-15282-5 PY 2011 BP 439 EP 525 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-15283-2_10 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-15283-2 PG 87 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BVN92 UT WOS:000292010400010 ER PT B AU Statnikov, R Statnikov, A AF Statnikov, Roman Statnikov, Alexander BA Statnikov, R Statnikov, A BF Statnikov, R Statnikov, A TI Parameter Space Investigation Method as a Tool for Formulation and Solution of Real-Life Problems SO PARAMETER SPACE INVESTIGATION METHOD TOOLKIT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MULTICRITERIA OPTIMIZATION; SET C1 [Statnikov, Roman] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Engn Mech, Moscow 117901, Russia. [Statnikov, Roman] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Statnikov, Alexander] NYU, Sch Med, Ctr Hlth Informat & Bioinformat, New York, NY USA. [Statnikov, Alexander] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. RP Statnikov, R (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Engn Mech, Moscow 117901, Russia. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-186-9 PY 2011 BP 13 EP 24 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BVN27 UT WOS:000291955700003 ER PT B AU Statnikov, R Statnikov, A AF Statnikov, Roman Statnikov, Alexander BA Statnikov, R Statnikov, A BF Statnikov, R Statnikov, A TI The Parameter Space Investigation Method Toolkit Preface SO PARAMETER SPACE INVESTIGATION METHOD TOOLKIT LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS; MULTICRITERIA OPTIMIZATION; SET C1 [Statnikov, Roman] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Engn Mech, Moscow 117901, Russia. [Statnikov, Roman] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Statnikov, Alexander] NYU, Sch Med, Ctr Hlth Informat & Bioinformat, New York, NY USA. [Statnikov, Alexander] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. RP Statnikov, R (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Engn Mech, Moscow 117901, Russia. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-186-9 PY 2011 BP XIII EP XXIII PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BVN27 UT WOS:000291955700001 ER PT B AU Statnikov, R Statnikov, A AF Statnikov, Roman Statnikov, Alexander BA Statnikov, R Statnikov, A BF Statnikov, R Statnikov, A TI Using the PSI Method and MOVI Software System for Multicriteria Analysis and Visualization SO PARAMETER SPACE INVESTIGATION METHOD TOOLKIT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS C1 [Statnikov, Roman] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Engn Mech, Moscow 117901, Russia. [Statnikov, Roman] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Statnikov, Alexander] NYU, Sch Med, Ctr Hlth Informat & Bioinformat, New York, NY USA. [Statnikov, Alexander] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. RP Statnikov, R (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Engn Mech, Moscow 117901, Russia. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-186-9 PY 2011 BP 25 EP 50 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BVN27 UT WOS:000291955700004 ER PT B AU Statnikov, R Statnikov, A AF Statnikov, Roman Statnikov, Alexander BA Statnikov, R Statnikov, A BF Statnikov, R Statnikov, A TI Improving Optimal Solutions SO PARAMETER SPACE INVESTIGATION METHOD TOOLKIT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS; MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS C1 [Statnikov, Roman] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Engn Mech, Moscow 117901, Russia. [Statnikov, Roman] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Statnikov, Alexander] NYU, Sch Med, Ctr Hlth Informat & Bioinformat, New York, NY USA. [Statnikov, Alexander] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. RP Statnikov, R (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Engn Mech, Moscow 117901, Russia. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-186-9 PY 2011 BP 51 EP 65 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BVN27 UT WOS:000291955700005 ER PT B AU Statnikov, R Statnikov, A AF Statnikov, Roman Statnikov, Alexander BA Statnikov, R Statnikov, A BF Statnikov, R Statnikov, A TI Multicriteria Design SO PARAMETER SPACE INVESTIGATION METHOD TOOLKIT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS C1 [Statnikov, Roman] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Engn Mech, Moscow 117901, Russia. [Statnikov, Roman] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Statnikov, Alexander] NYU, Sch Med, Ctr Hlth Informat & Bioinformat, New York, NY USA. [Statnikov, Alexander] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. RP Statnikov, R (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Engn Mech, Moscow 117901, Russia. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-186-9 PY 2011 BP 69 EP 109 PG 41 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BVN27 UT WOS:000291955700006 ER PT B AU Statnikov, R Statnikov, A AF Statnikov, Roman Statnikov, Alexander BA Statnikov, R Statnikov, A BF Statnikov, R Statnikov, A TI Multicriteria Identification SO PARAMETER SPACE INVESTIGATION METHOD TOOLKIT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Statnikov, Roman] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Engn Mech, Moscow 117901, Russia. [Statnikov, Roman] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Statnikov, Alexander] NYU, Sch Med, Ctr Hlth Informat & Bioinformat, New York, NY USA. [Statnikov, Alexander] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. RP Statnikov, R (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Engn Mech, Moscow 117901, Russia. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-186-9 PY 2011 BP 111 EP 127 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BVN27 UT WOS:000291955700007 ER PT B AU Statnikov, R Statnikov, A AF Statnikov, Roman Statnikov, Alexander BA Statnikov, R Statnikov, A BF Statnikov, R Statnikov, A TI Other Multicriteria Problems and Related Issues SO PARAMETER SPACE INVESTIGATION METHOD TOOLKIT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Statnikov, Roman] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Engn Mech, Moscow 117901, Russia. [Statnikov, Roman] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Statnikov, Alexander] NYU, Sch Med, Ctr Hlth Informat & Bioinformat, New York, NY USA. [Statnikov, Alexander] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. RP Statnikov, R (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Engn Mech, Moscow 117901, Russia. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-186-9 PY 2011 BP 129 EP 151 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BVN27 UT WOS:000291955700008 ER PT B AU Statnikov, R Statnikov, A AF Statnikov, Roman Statnikov, Alexander BA Statnikov, R Statnikov, A BF Statnikov, R Statnikov, A TI Adopting the PSI Method for Database Search SO PARAMETER SPACE INVESTIGATION METHOD TOOLKIT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Statnikov, Roman] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Engn Mech, Moscow 117901, Russia. [Statnikov, Roman] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Statnikov, Alexander] NYU, Sch Med, Ctr Hlth Informat & Bioinformat, New York, NY USA. [Statnikov, Alexander] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. RP Statnikov, R (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Engn Mech, Moscow 117901, Russia. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-186-9 PY 2011 BP 153 EP 164 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BVN27 UT WOS:000291955700009 ER PT B AU Statnikov, R Statnikov, A AF Statnikov, Roman Statnikov, Alexander BA Statnikov, R Statnikov, A BF Statnikov, R Statnikov, A TI Multicriteria Analysis of L(1) Adaptive Flight Control System SO PARAMETER SPACE INVESTIGATION METHOD TOOLKIT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Statnikov, Roman] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Engn Mech, Moscow 117901, Russia. [Statnikov, Roman] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Statnikov, Alexander] NYU, Sch Med, Ctr Hlth Informat & Bioinformat, New York, NY USA. [Statnikov, Alexander] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. RP Statnikov, R (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Engn Mech, Moscow 117901, Russia. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-186-9 PY 2011 BP 165 EP 194 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BVN27 UT WOS:000291955700010 ER PT B AU Statnikov, R Statnikov, A AF Statnikov, Roman Statnikov, Alexander BA Statnikov, R Statnikov, A BF Statnikov, R Statnikov, A TI The Parameter Space Investigation Method Toolkit Conclusions SO PARAMETER SPACE INVESTIGATION METHOD TOOLKIT LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Statnikov, Roman] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Engn Mech, Moscow 117901, Russia. [Statnikov, Roman] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Statnikov, Alexander] NYU, Sch Med, Ctr Hlth Informat & Bioinformat, New York, NY USA. [Statnikov, Alexander] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. RP Statnikov, R (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Engn Mech, Moscow 117901, Russia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-186-9 PY 2011 BP 195 EP 196 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BVN27 UT WOS:000291955700011 ER PT B AU Statnikov, R Statnikov, A AF Statnikov, Roman Statnikov, Alexander BA Statnikov, R Statnikov, A BF Statnikov, R Statnikov, A TI Examples of Calculation of the Approximate Compromise Curves SO PARAMETER SPACE INVESTIGATION METHOD TOOLKIT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Statnikov, Roman] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Engn Mech, Moscow 117901, Russia. [Statnikov, Roman] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Statnikov, Alexander] NYU, Sch Med, Ctr Hlth Informat & Bioinformat, New York, NY USA. [Statnikov, Alexander] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. RP Statnikov, R (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Engn Mech, Moscow 117901, Russia. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-186-9 PY 2011 BP 197 EP 209 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BVN27 UT WOS:000291955700012 ER PT B AU Ling, GSF Neal, CJ Ecklund, JM AF Ling, Geoffrey S. F. Neal, Chris J. Ecklund, James M. BE Brooks, AJ Clasper, J Midwinter, MJ Hodgetts, TJ Mahoney, PF TI Management of Ballistic Trauma to the Head SO RYAN'S BALLISTIC TRAUMA: A PRACTICAL GUIDE, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CRANIOCEREBRAL GUNSHOT WOUNDS; LEBANESE CONFLICT; MISSILE INJURIES; BRAIN; ANEURYSMS; EPILEPSY; MR; ANGIOGRAPHY; MECHANISMS; ARTIFACTS C1 [Ling, Geoffrey S. F.] Univ Hlth Sci, Med Corps, US Army, Bethesda, MD USA. [Neal, Chris J.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Ecklund, James M.] USN, Natl Capital Consortium, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Ecklund, James M.] Univ Hlth Sci, Div Neurosurg, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Ling, GSF (reprint author), Univ Hlth Sci, Med Corps, US Army, Bethesda, MD USA. EM gling@usuhs.mil NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84882-123-1 PY 2011 BP 323 EP 340 DI 10.1007/978-1-84882-124-8_24 D2 10.1007/978-1-84882-124-8 PG 18 WC Emergency Medicine; Nursing; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Nursing; Surgery GA BVV80 UT WOS:000292906800024 ER PT B AU Woodhouse, JL Wells, CD AF Woodhouse, Janice L. Wells, Christopher D. BE Smith, TE Knapp, CE TI Anna Botsford Comstock Beyond Science-Learning About Self and Nature Through Field Experience SO SOURCEBOOK OF EXPERIENTIAL EDUCATION: KEY THINKERS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wells, Christopher D.] USN, Washington, DC USA. [Wells, Christopher D.] YMCA Camp, Huguenot, NY USA. [Wells, Christopher D.] Private High Sch, Rockford, IL USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-88441-9 PY 2011 BP 100 EP 107 PG 8 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BUU02 UT WOS:000290304100015 ER PT S AU Cole, JH Bucaro, JA Kirkendall, CK Dandridge, A AF Cole, James H. Bucaro, Joseph A. Kirkendall, Clay K. Dandridge, Anthony BE Bock, WJ Albert, J Bao, X TI The origin, history and future of fiber-optic interferometric acoustic sensors for US Navy applications SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors CY MAY 15-19, 2011 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP Ottawa Ctr Res & Innovat (OCRI), Canadian Photon Consortium (CPC), Oz Opt, Simbol Test Systems Inc, Fiso Technol Inc, CMC Microsystems Corp, Innovat Economy Natl Strateg Reference Framework, Univ Quebec Outaouais, Photon Res Ctr, IEEE Photon Soc DE Fiber-optic interferometers; fiber-optic acoustic sensors; fiber-optic sensors; history of fiber-optic sensors ID PHASE-GENERATED CARRIER; DEMODULATION; HYDROPHONE AB Fiber-optic interferometric acoustic sensors were first proposed for US Navy applications 36 years ago. This paper will review the origin, development and deployment of these sensors. Future applications will also be discussed. C1 [Cole, James H.; Bucaro, Joseph A.; Kirkendall, Clay K.; Dandridge, Anthony] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cole, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-246-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7753 AR 775303 DI 10.1117/12.886762 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BWD14 UT WOS:000293567800003 ER PT S AU Cranch, GA Miller, GA Kirkendall, CK AF Cranch, G. A. Miller, G. A. Kirkendall, C. K. BE Bock, WJ Albert, J Bao, X TI Low frequency acoustic response of a planar fiber laser cantilever in a fluid SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors CY MAY 15-19, 2011 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP Ottawa Ctr Res & Innovat (OCRI), Canadian Photon Consortium (CPC), Oz Opt, Simbol Test Systems Inc, Fiso Technol Inc, CMC Microsystems Corp, Innovat Economy Natl Strateg Reference Framework, Univ Quebec Outaouais, Photon Res Ctr, IEEE Photon Soc DE acoustic vector sensor; particle velocity; fiber laser; hydrophone; cantilever; underwater acoustics AB The direct interaction of an acoustic field with a planar fiber laser cantilever in a fluid is investigated. It is shown that a sensor based on this transduction mechanism responds to acoustic particle velocity with a responsivity around 5x10(4) Hz/Pa yielding a resolution of 1.6 mPa/Hz(1/2) at 100Hz, which is adequate for many underwater acoustic applications. Issues related to developing a practical, miniaturized sensor are discussed. C1 [Cranch, G. A.; Miller, G. A.; Kirkendall, C. K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cranch, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM geoff.cranch@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-246-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7753 AR 775334 DI 10.1117/12.885001 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BWD14 UT WOS:000293567800112 ER PT B AU Figley, CR Nash, WP AF Figley, Charles R. Nash, William P. BE Figley, CR Nash, WP TI Introduction: For Those Who Bear the Battle SO COMBAT STRESS INJURY: THEORY, RESEARCH, AND MANAGEMENT SE Psychosocial Stress Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER C1 [Nash, William P.] USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Figley, CR (reprint author), Coll Social Work, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-94369-4 J9 PSYCHOSOC STRES PY 2011 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Social SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA BUL33 UT WOS:000289722300003 ER PT J AU Nash, WP AF Nash, William P. BE Figley, CR Nash, WP TI The Stressors of War SO COMBAT STRESS INJURY: THEORY, RESEARCH, AND MANAGEMENT SE Psychosocial Stress Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Nash, William P.] USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Nash, WP (reprint author), USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-94369-4 J9 PSYCHOSOC STRES PY 2011 BP 11 EP 31 PG 21 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Social SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA BUL33 UT WOS:000289722300005 ER PT J AU Nash, WP AF Nash, William P. BE Figley, CR Nash, WP TI Combat/Operational Stress Adaptations and Injuries SO COMBAT STRESS INJURY: THEORY, RESEARCH, AND MANAGEMENT SE Psychosocial Stress Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS; PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AROUSAL; HEART-RATE; DISORDER; TRAUMA; MODEL C1 [Nash, William P.] USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Nash, WP (reprint author), USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-94369-4 J9 PSYCHOSOC STRES PY 2011 BP 33 EP 63 PG 31 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Social SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA BUL33 UT WOS:000289722300006 ER PT J AU Nash, WP Baker, DG AF Nash, William P. Baker, Dewleen G. BE Figley, CR Nash, WP TI Competing and Complementary Models of Combat Stress Injury SO COMBAT STRESS INJURY: THEORY, RESEARCH, AND MANAGEMENT SE Psychosocial Stress Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING-FACTOR; SMALLER HIPPOCAMPAL VOLUME; DECLARATIVE MEMORY; ALLOSTATIC LOAD; RAT HIPPOCAMPUS; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; SPATIAL MEMORY; DISORDER; BRAIN; AMYGDALA C1 [Nash, William P.] USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Baker, Dewleen G.] PTSD & Stress Disorders Program, San Diego, CA USA. RP Nash, WP (reprint author), USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 116 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-94369-4 J9 PSYCHOSOC STRES PY 2011 BP 65 EP 94 PG 30 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Social SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA BUL33 UT WOS:000289722300007 ER PT J AU Spira, JL Pyne, JM Wiederhold, BK AF Spira, James L. Pyne, Jeffrey M. Wiederhold, Brenda K. BE Figley, CR Nash, WP TI Experiential Methods in the Treatment of Combat PTSD SO COMBAT STRESS INJURY: THEORY, RESEARCH, AND MANAGEMENT SE Psychosocial Stress Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY; REALITY EXPOSURE THERAPY; VIETNAM VETERANS; FLOODING THERAPY; WORLD; PSYCHOTHERAPY; METAANALYSIS; HYPNOSIS; TRAUMA C1 [Spira, James L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Spira, James L.] USN, Mental Hlth Serv, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Pyne, Jeffrey M.] Cent Arkansas Vet Healthcare Syst, Ctr Mental Hlth & Outcomes Res, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Spira, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-94369-4 J9 PSYCHOSOC STRES PY 2011 BP 205 EP 218 PG 14 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Social SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA BUL33 UT WOS:000289722300015 ER PT B AU Clement, V AF Clement, Victoria BE Silova, I TI GRASSROOTS EDUCATIONAL INITIATIVES IN TURKMENISTAN SO GLOBALIZATION ON THE MARGINS: EDUCATION AND POSTSOCIALIST TRANSFORMATIONS IN CENTRAL ASIA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Clement, V (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-61735-200-3 PY 2011 BP 345 EP 361 PG 17 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BUN40 UT WOS:000289829000014 ER PT B AU Kennedy, CH Malone, RC AF Kennedy, Carrie H. Malone, Rosemary C. BE Freeman, SM Moore, BA Freeman, A TI Integration of Women Into the Modern Military SO LIVING AND SURVIVING IN HARMS WAY: A PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT HANDBOOK FOR PRE- AND POST-DEPLOYMENT OF MILITARY PERSONNEL LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEXUAL-HARASSMENT; US MILITARY; GENDER; WAR; STEREOTYPES; PREDICTORS; LEADERSHIP; VETERANS; STRESS; IMPACT C1 [Kennedy, Carrie H.] USN, Med Serv Corps, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Malone, Rosemary C.] USN, Med Corps, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Malone, Rosemary C.] NNMC, Mental Hlth Directorate, Bethesda, MD USA. [Malone, Rosemary C.] USN, Nucl Power Sch, Orlando, FL USA. RP Kennedy, CH (reprint author), USN, Aerosp Med Inst, Pensacola, FL USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-89390-6 PY 2011 BP 67 EP 81 PG 15 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA BUU04 UT WOS:000290304900006 ER PT B AU Lester, P Leskin, G Woodward, K Saltzman, W Nash, W Mogil, C Paley, B Beardslee, W AF Lester, Patricia Leskin, Gregory Woodward, Kirsten Saltzman, William Nash, William Mogil, Catherine Paley, Blair Beardslee, William BE Wadsworth, SM Riggs, D TI Wartime Deployment and Military Children: Applying Prevention Science to Enhance Family Resilience SO RISK AND RESILIENCE IN U S MILITARY FAMILIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; AUSTRALIAN VIETNAM VETERANS; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; ADOLESCENT CHILDREN; INTERVENTION PROGRAM; ATTACHMENT SECURITY; SERVICE MEMBERS; COMBAT VETERANS; DESERT-STORM AB During wartime, military families and children make extraordinary sacrifices for their country. This chapter reviews the impact of wartime deployments and parental combat-related mental health problems on military children, as well as risk and protective factors that may serve to guide preventive interventions for military families facing multiple deployments, combat operational stress, and psychological injuries. Using a public health prevention approach, we describe the adaptation of evidence-based interventions to support psychological health in military families. This adaptation is FOCUS (Families Over Coming Under Stress), a family-centered preventive intervention designed to enhance the strengths of family members, manage deployment-related stressors and reminders, and maintain positive family growth and psychological adjustment throughout the stages of deployment. Supported by the U.S. Bureau of Navy Medicine and Surgery (BUMED), military leadership, community providers, and families, this intervention has been implemented through a large-scale service demonstration project to support military families. C1 [Lester, Patricia; Leskin, Gregory; Saltzman, William; Mogil, Catherine] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, FOCUS, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Leskin, Gregory] Natl Ctr PTSD VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Woodward, Kirsten] USN, Wounded & Injured Support Directorate 3, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC USA. [Saltzman, William] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Paley, Blair] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Biobehav Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Beardslee, William] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Beardslee, William] Childrens Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Baer Prevent Initiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Lester, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, FOCUS, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM plester@mednet.ucla.edu NR 101 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7063-3 PY 2011 BP 149 EP 173 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7064-0_8 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7064-0 PG 25 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA BSJ70 UT WOS:000284727200008 ER PT S AU Livingston, MA Palepu, AM Decker, J Dermer, M AF Livingston, Mark A. Palepu, Aditya M. Decker, Jonathan Dermer, Mikel BE Wong, PC Park, J Hao, MC Chen, C Borner, K Kao, DL Roberts, JC TI A Randomized Framework for Discovery of Heterogeneous Mixtures SO VISUALIZATION AND DATA ANALYSIS 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis 2011 CY JAN 24-25, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE, Hewlett-Packard Co, Kitware Inc, Pacific NW Natl Lab, US Dept Homeland Security DE Data mining; unsupervised machine learning; statistical classification; exploratory data analysis AB Mixture models are the term given to models that consist of a combination of independent functions creating the distribution of points within a set. We present a framework for automatically discovering and evaluating candidate models within unstructured data. Our abstraction of models enables us to seamlessly consider different types of functions as equally possible candidates. Our framework does not require an estimate of the number of underlying models, allows points to be probabilistically classified into multiple models or identified as outliers, and includes a few parameters that an analyst (not typically an expert in statistical methods) may use to adjust the output of the algorithm. We give results from our framework with synthetic data and classic data. C1 [Livingston, Mark A.; Palepu, Aditya M.; Decker, Jonathan; Dermer, Mikel] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Livingston, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mark.livingston@nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-405-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7868 AR 78680A DI 10.1117/12.872660 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWD55 UT WOS:000293625900009 ER PT S AU Livingston, MA Decker, J Ai, ZM AF Livingston, Mark A. Decker, Jonathan Ai, Zhuming BE Wong, PC Park, J Hao, MC Chen, C Borner, K Kao, DL Roberts, JC TI An Evaluation of Methods for Encoding Multiple, 2D Spatial Data SO VISUALIZATION AND DATA ANALYSIS 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis 2011 CY JAN 24-25, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE, Hewlett-Packard Co, Kitware Inc, Pacific NW Natl Lab, US Dept Homeland Security DE Multi-variate visualization; scalar fields; spatial surfaces; glyphs; color encoding; user study ID VISUALIZATION AB Datasets over a spatial domain are common in a number of fields, often with multiple layers (or variables) within data that must be understood together via spatial locality. Thus one area of long-standing interest is increasing the number of variables encoded by properties of the visualization. A number of properties have been demonstrated and/or proven successful with specific tasks or data, but there has been relatively little work comparing the utility of diverse techniques for multi-layer visualization. As part of our efforts to evaluate the applicability of such visualizations, we implemented five techniques which represent a broad range of existing research (Color Blending, Oriented Slivers, Data-Driven Spots, Brush Strokes, and Stick Figures). Then we conducted a user study wherein subjects were presented with composites of three, four, and five layers (variables) using one of these methods and asked to perform a task common to our intended end users (GIS analysts). We found that the Oriented Slivers and Data-Driven Spots performed the best, with Stick Figures yielding the lowest accuracy. Through analyzing our data, we hope to gain insight into which techniques merit further exploration and offer promise for visualization of data sets with ever-increasing size. C1 [Livingston, Mark A.; Decker, Jonathan; Ai, Zhuming] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Livingston, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mark.livingston@nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-405-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7868 AR 78680C DI 10.1117/12.872576 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWD55 UT WOS:000293625900011 ER PT J AU Jackman, CH Marsh, DR Vitt, FM Roble, RG Randall, CE Bernath, PF Funke, B Lopez-Puertas, M Versick, S Stiller, GP Tylka, AJ Fleming, EL AF Jackman, C. H. Marsh, D. R. Vitt, F. M. Roble, R. G. Randall, C. E. Bernath, P. F. Funke, B. Lopez-Puertas, M. Versick, S. Stiller, G. P. Tylka, A. J. Fleming, E. L. TI Northern Hemisphere atmospheric influence of the solar proton events and ground level enhancement in January 2005 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; OZONE DEPLETION; STRATOSPHERE; NITROGEN AB Solar eruptions in early 2005 led to a substantial barrage of charged particles on the Earth's atmosphere during the 16-21 January period. Proton fluxes were greatly increased during these several days and led to the production of HOx (H, OH, HO2) and NOx (N, NO, NO2), which then caused the destruction of ozone. We focus on the Northern polar region, where satellite measurements and simulations with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM3) showed large enhancements in mesospheric HOx and NOx constituents, and associated ozone reductions, due to these solar proton events (SPEs). The WACCM3 simulations show enhanced short-lived OH and HO2 concentrations throughout the mesosphere in the 60-82.5 degrees N latitude band due to the SPEs for most days in the 16-21 January 2005 period, somewhat higher in abundance than those observed by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). These HOx enhancements led to huge predicted and MLS-measured ozone decreases of greater than 40% throughout most of the northern polar mesosphere during the SPE period. Envisat Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) measurements of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) show increases throughout the stratosphere with highest enhancements of about 60 pptv in the lowermost mesosphere over the 16-18 January 2005 period due to the solar protons. WACCM3 predictions indicate H2O2 enhancements over the same time period of about three times that amount. Measurements of nitric acid (HNO3) by both MLS and MIPAS show an increase of about 1 ppbv above background levels in the upper stratosphere during 16-29 January 2005. WACCM3 simulations show only minuscule HNO3 increases (< 0.05 ppbv) in the upper stratosphere during this time period. Polar mesospheric enhancements of NOx are computed to be greater than 50 ppbv during the SPE period due to the small loss rates during winter. Computed NOx increases, which were statistically significant at the 95% level, lasted about a month past the SPEs. The SCISAT-1 Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer NOx measurements and MIPAS NO2 measurements for the polar Northern Hemisphere are in reasonable agreement with these predictions. An extremely large ground level enhancement (GLE) occurred during the SPE period on 20 January 2005. We find that protons of energies 300 to 20 000 MeV, associated with this GLE, led to very small enhanced lower stratospheric odd nitrogen concentrations of less than 0.1% and ozone decreases of less than 0.01 %. C1 [Jackman, C. H.; Fleming, E. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Marsh, D. R.; Vitt, F. M.; Roble, R. G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Randall, C. E.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bernath, P. F.] Univ York, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Funke, B.; Lopez-Puertas, M.] Inst Astrofis Andalucia, CSIC, E-18080 Granada, Spain. [Versick, S.; Stiller, G. P.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Tylka, A. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fleming, E. L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Jackman, CH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM charles.h.jackman@nasa.gov RI Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014; Funke, Bernd/C-2162-2008; Marsh, Daniel/A-8406-2008; Jackman, Charles/D-4699-2012; Stiller, Gabriele/A-7340-2013; Lopez Puertas, Manuel/M-8219-2013 OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Funke, Bernd/0000-0003-0462-4702; Marsh, Daniel/0000-0001-6699-494X; Stiller, Gabriele/0000-0003-2883-6873; Lopez Puertas, Manuel/0000-0003-2941-7734 FU NASA [NNX08AU44G, NNX06AC05G]; National Science Foundation; DFG [1176 CAWSES]; Spanish MICINN [AYA2008-03498/ESP]; EC; Canadian Space Agency FX We thank NASA Headquarters Living With a Star Targeted Research and Technology Program and the Aura Science Team Program for support during the time that this manuscript was written. CER was supported by NASA LWS grants NNX08AU44G and NNX06AC05G. We thank Nathaniel Livesey, Shuhui Wang, and Herbert Pickett of the Aura MLS Team for help in utilizing the MLS measurements and application of the MLS averaging kernels to WACCM3 output. We thank Gordon J. Labow (Science Systems and Applications, Inc.) for help with plotting Figs. 3 and 4. We thank the NOAA GOES team for providing the solar proton flux data over the Internet. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. WACCM3 results presented in this paper were generated using NASA's Columbia supercomputer housed at the NASA Ames Research Center. The ACE mission is supported primarily by the Canadian Space Agency. Some support was also provided by the UK Natural Environment Research Council, NERC. MIPAS work presented in this paper was funded by the project MANOXUVA within the DFG priority project 1176 CAWSES. The IAA team was supported by the Spanish MICINN under project AYA2008-03498/ESP and EC FEDER funds. MIPAS level-1b data have been provided by ESA. NR 44 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 13 BP 6153 EP 6166 DI 10.5194/acp-11-6153-2011 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 792GE UT WOS:000292728400001 ER PT J AU Baturina, OA Epshteyn, A Northrup, PA Swider-Lyons, KE AF Baturina, Olga A. Epshteyn, Albert Northrup, Paul A. Swider-Lyons, Karen E. TI Insights into PEMFC Performance Degradation from HCl in Air SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; SURFACE-AREA LOSS; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELLS; SEA-SALT AEROSOL; CHLORINE K-EDGE; PLATINUM; METAL; MEMBRANES; CATALYSTS AB The performance degradation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is studied in the presence of HCl in the air stream. The cathode employing carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles (Pt/C) was exposed to 4 ppm HCl in air while the cell voltage was held at 0.6 V. The HCl poisoning results in generation of chloride and chloroplatinate ions on the surface of Pt/C catalyst as determined by a combination of electrochemical tests and ex-situ chlorine K-edge X-Ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The chloride ions inhibit the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and likely affect the wetting properties of diffusion media/catalyst layer, while the chloroplatinate ions are responsible for enhanced platinum particle growth most likely due to platinum dissolution-redeposition. The chloride ions can cause corrosion of the Pt nanoparticles in the presence of aqueous HCl in air even if no potential is applied. Although the majority of chloride ions are desorbed from the Pt surface by hydrogen treatment of the cathode, they partially remain in the system and re-adsorb on platinum at cell voltages of 0.5-0.9 V. Chloride ions are removed from the system and fuel cell performance at 0.5-0.7 V is restored by multiple exposures to low potentials. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3621318] All rights reserved. C1 [Baturina, Olga A.; Epshteyn, Albert; Swider-Lyons, Karen E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Northrup, Paul A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Baturina, OA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM olga.baturina@nrl.navy.mil FU Maryland NanoCenter; NSF; Department of Energy; Office of Naval Research FX We acknowledge the support of the Maryland NanoCenter and its NispLab at the University of Maryland, College Park, MD with respect to TEM analysis of our samples. The NispLab is supported in part by the NSF as a MRSEC Shared Experimental Facility. Beamline X15B is supported and operated by a multi-institutional consortium of scientists coordinated by Stony Brook University. The National Synchrotron Light Source is supported by the Department of Energy. Financial support for this work was provided by the Office of Naval Research. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 10 BP B1198 EP B1205 DI 10.1149/1.3621318 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 809ND UT WOS:000294063000019 ER PT B AU McClatchey, SK AF McClatchey, Scott K. BA Hoffer, KJ BF Hoffer, KJ TI Special Circumstances: Pediatric Eyes SO IOL POWER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [McClatchey, Scott K.] Loma Linda Univ, San Diego, CA USA. [McClatchey, Scott K.] Uniformed Univ Hlth Sci, USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP McClatchey, SK (reprint author), Loma Linda Univ, San Diego, CA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-988-0 PY 2011 BP 215 EP 217 PG 3 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA BUO30 UT WOS:000289917800037 ER PT S AU Broussard, RP Ives, RW AF Broussard, Randy P. Ives, Robert W. BE Owens, JD Lin, IJ Zhang, YJ Beretta, GB TI Using a commercial graphical processing unit and the CUDA programming language to accelerate scientific image processing applications SO PARALLEL PROCESSING FOR IMAGING APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Parallel Processing for Imaging Applications CY JAN 24-25, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE Image processing; GPGPU; GPU; graphics card; CUDA; iris identification; biometrics ID DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM AB In the past two years the processing power of video graphics cards has quadrupled and is approaching super computer levels. State-of-the-art graphical processing units (GPU) boast of theoretical computational performance in the range of 1.5 trillion floating point operations per second (1.5 Teraflops). This processing power is readily accessible to the scientific community at a relatively small cost. High level programming languages are now available that give access to the internal architecture of the graphics card allowing greater algorithm optimization. This research takes memory access expensive portions of an image-based iris identification algorithm and hosts it on a GPU using the C++ compatible CUDA language. The selected segmentation algorithm uses basic image processing techniques such as image inversion, value squaring, thresholding, dilation, erosion and memory/computationally intensive calculations such as the circular Hough transform. Portions of the iris segmentation algorithm were accelerated by a factor of 77 over the 2008 GPU results. Some parts of the algorithm ran at speeds that were over 1600 times faster than their CPU counterparts. Strengths and limitations of the GPU Single Instruction Multiple Data architecture are discussed. Memory access times, instruction execution times, programming details and code samples are presented as part of the research. C1 [Broussard, Randy P.] USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Broussard, RP (reprint author), USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-409-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7872 AR 787202 DI 10.1117/12.872217 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWF31 UT WOS:000293788000001 ER PT S AU Bashkansky, M Walker, D Gulian, A Steiner, M AF Bashkansky, Mark Walker, David Gulian, Armen Steiner, Michael BE Shahriar, SM Hemmer, PR TI SBS-based Radar True Time Delay SO ADVANCES IN SLOW AND FAST LIGHT IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Slow and Fast Light IV CY JAN 23-25, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Antenna arrays; radar; slow light; optical fibers; stimulated Brillouin scattering; Faraday rotator ID SLOW LIGHT AB Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) based slow light is considered for application to squint-free (true time delay) steering of phased array radar antennae. Results are presented on true time delay radar requirements, including delay precision and bandwidth. We experimentally investigated the level of delay precision that exists in actual slow-light systems (based on Brillouin scattering). The practical use of SBS to meet the necessary requirements for radar use is discussed. C1 [Bashkansky, Mark; Walker, David; Gulian, Armen; Steiner, Michael] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bashkansky, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mark.bashkansky@nrl.navy.mil RI Shahriar, Selim/B-7270-2009 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8486-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7949 AR 794918 DI 10.1117/12.880792 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BWE06 UT WOS:000293700300021 ER PT S AU Jacobs, VL AF Jacobs, Verne L. BE Shahriar, SM Hemmer, PR TI Influence of non-linear interactions on electromagnetic-field propagation in quantized many-electron systems SO ADVANCES IN SLOW AND FAST LIGHT IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Slow and Fast Light IV CY JAN 23-25, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Density matrix; non-linear electromagnetic interactions; coherence; pump-probe optical phenomena ID DENSITY-MATRIX; LIGHT; RELAXATION; RADIATION AB Non-linear interactions involving pump-probe optical phenomena, such as electromagnetically induced transparency, in quantized many-electron systems are investigated using a reduced-density-matrix approach. Time-domain (equation-of-motion) and frequency-domain (resolvent-operator) formulations are developed in a unified manner and self-consistent manner. The standard Born (lowest-order perturbation-theory) and Markov (short-memory-time) approximations are systematically introduced within the framework of the general non-perturbative and non-Markovian formulations. A preliminary semiclassical perturbation-theory treatment of the electromagnetic interaction is adopted. However, it is emphasized that a quantized-electromagnetic-field approach is essential for a self-consistent quantum-mechanical formulation. Our primary result is the derivation of compact Liouville-space operator expressions for the linear and the general (n'th order) non-linear macroscopic electromagnetic-response tensors for moving many-electron system. These expressions can be evaluated for coherent initial electronic excitations and for the full tetradic-matrix form of the Liouville-space self-energy operator representing the environmental interactions in the Markov approximation. Environmental interactions can be treated in various approximations for the self-energy operator, and the influence of Zeeman coherences on electromagnetic-field propagation can be investigated by including an applied magnetic field on an equal footing with the electromagnetic fields. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jacobs, VL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jacobs@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Shahriar, Selim/B-7270-2009 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8486-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7949 AR 79491D DI 10.1117/12.880808 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BWE06 UT WOS:000293700300023 ER PT B AU Huba, JD Joyce, G Krall, J AF Huba, J. D. Joyce, G. Krall, J. BE Abdu, MA Pancheva, D Bhattacharyya, A TI Three-Dimensional Modeling of Equatorial Spread F SO AERONOMY OF THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE AND IONOSPHERE SE IAGA Special Sopron Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOW-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; ALTITUDE; BUBBLES; PEAK AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has recently developed a three-dimensional code to study equatorial spread F (ESF). The code is based on the comprehensive NRL 3D ionosphere model SAMI3 and includes a potential equation to self-consistently solve for the electric field. The model assumes equipotential field lines so a 2D electrodynamic problem is considered. Results are presented showing the evolution of atomic and molecular ions, as well as that of the electron and ion temperatures during ESF. C1 [Huba, J. D.; Krall, J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Huba, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM huba@ppd.nrl.navy.mil; joyce@ppd.nrl.navy.mil; krall@ppd.nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-94-007-0325-4 J9 IAGA SPEC SOPRON PY 2011 VL 2 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_15 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BUW26 UT WOS:000290497500015 ER PT B AU Hickey, A Laughlin, I AF Hickey, Anita Laughlin, Ian BE Vadivelu, N Urman, RD Hines, RL Kunnumpurath, S TI Drug Formulary for Pain Management SO ESSENTIALS OF PAIN MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NEUROPATHIC PAIN; HEPATOTOXICITY C1 [Hickey, Anita] USN, Dept Anesthesiol, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Hickey, A (reprint author), USN, Dept Anesthesiol, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-87578-1 PY 2011 BP 725 EP 746 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-87579-8_34 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-87579-8 PG 22 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA BUL55 UT WOS:000289748000034 ER PT B AU Ain, MC Shirley, ED AF Ain, Michael C. Shirley, Eric D. BE Akbarnia, BA Yazici, M Thompson, GH TI Spinal Manifestations of the Skeletal Dysplasias SO GROWING SPINE: MANAGEMENT OF SPINAL DISORDERS IN YOUNG CHILDREN LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIASTROPHIC DYSPLASIA; CERVICAL-SPINE; LARSEN SYNDROME; ACHONDROPLASIA; KYPHOSIS; STENOSIS; ARTHRODESIS; DWARFISM; DECOMPRESSION; COMPLICATIONS C1 [Ain, Michael C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Johns Hopkins Bayview Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Shirley, Eric D.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Ain, MC (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Johns Hopkins Bayview Med Ctr, 4940 Eastern Ave,A665, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM ehenze1@jhmi.edu; eric.shirley@med.navy.mil NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-540-85206-3 PY 2011 BP 177 EP 186 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-85207-0_15 PG 10 WC Orthopedics; Pediatrics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Pediatrics; Surgery GA BSY39 UT WOS:000286130700015 ER PT S AU Popovici, I Withers, WD AF Popovici, Irina Withers, Wm. Douglas BE Kwasnicka, H Jain, LC TI Introduction to Curve and Edge Parametrization by Moments SO INNOVATIONS IN INTELLIGENT IMAGE ANALYSIS SE Studies in Computational Intelligence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Edge location; subpixel edge location; edge parametrization; circle detection; circle location; conic parametrization; curve parametrization; moments ID IMAGE-ANALYSIS; LOCATION AB Curve parametrization is the task of determining the parameters of a general curve equation describing a structure in an image (or a surface in a higher-dimensional dataset). A common example is the widespread use of the Hough transform to determine parameters of straight lines in an image. Moment-based methods offer an attractive alternative to Hough-type methods for this task, especially as the number of parameters or the dimension of the space increases. Moment-based methods require no large accumulator array, are computationally efficient, and robust with respect to pixelization and high-frequency noise. This paper presents an overview of the state of the art for moment-based curve parametrization techniques. We discuss both abstract mathematical results guaranteeing the existence of a unique curve corresponding to a given set of moment values and allowing determination of parameter values for specialized quadrature-domain boundary curves, along with broad practical reconstructive results for a wide class of curves and hypersurfaces with arbitrarily many parameters and in arbitrarily many dimensions. Examples show the methods applied to analytically-defined image functions, generated images, and real-world images. C1 [Popovici, Irina; Withers, Wm. Douglas] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Popovici, I (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM popovici@usna.edu; wdw@usna.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-949X BN 978-3-642-17933-4 J9 STUD COMPUT INTELL PY 2011 VL 339 BP 245 EP 274 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTZ15 UT WOS:000288484500011 ER PT S AU Kim, AM Olsen, RC AF Kim, Angela M. Olsen, Richard C. BE Turner, MD Kamerman, GW TI Simulated LIDAR waveforms for understanding factors affecting waveform shape SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XVI CY APR 27-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Full-waveform LIDAR; waveform shape; simulation AB Full-waveform LIDAR is a technology which enables the analysis of the 3-D structure and arrangement of objects. An in-depth understanding of the factors that affect the shape of the full-waveform signal is required in order to extract as much information as possible from the signal. A simple model of LIDAR propagation has been created which simulates the interaction of LIDAR energy with objects in a scene. A 2-dimensional model tree allows controlled manipulation of the geometric arrangement of branches and leaves with varying spectral properties. Results suggest complex interactions of the LIDAR energy with the tree canopy, including the occurrence of multiple bounces for energy reaching the ground under the canopy. Idealized sensor instrument response functions incorporated in the simulation illustrate a large impact on waveform shape. A waveform recording laser rangefinder has been built which will allow validation or model results; preliminary collection results are presented here. C1 [Kim, Angela M.; Olsen, Richard C.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Kim, AM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM amkim@nps.edu; olsen@nps.edu RI Olsen, Richard/O-2699-2015 OI Olsen, Richard/0000-0002-8344-9297 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-611-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8037 AR 80371K DI 10.1117/12.883459 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BWF18 UT WOS:000293783800041 ER PT B AU Provencher, CDRMT Rose, LTM Peace, W AF Provencher, C. D. R. Matthew T. Rose, L. T. Matthew Peace, William BE Abrams, JS TI Hill-Sachs Injuries of the Shoulder When Are These Important and How Should I Manage Them? SO MANAGEMENT OF THE UNSTABLE SHOULDER ARTHROSCOPIC AND OPEN REPAIR LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RECURRENT ANTERIOR DISLOCATION; ARTHROSCOPIC BANKART REPAIR; HUMERAL HEAD; LATARJET PROCEDURE; INSTABILITY; LESION; BONE; DEFECTS; FEATURES; 1ST-TIME C1 [Provencher, C. D. R. Matthew T.] USUHS, San Diego, CA USA. [Rose, L. T. Matthew; Peace, William] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Shoulder Knee & Sports Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Provencher, CDRMT (reprint author), USUHS, San Diego, CA USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-55642-925-5 PY 2011 BP 235 EP 251 PG 17 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA BTZ00 UT WOS:000288482300018 ER PT S AU Walters, RJ Messenger, S Warner, JH Cress, CD Gonzalez, M Maximenko, S AF Walters, Robert J. Messenger, Scott Warner, Jeffrey H. Cress, Cory D. Gonzalez, Maria Maximenko, Serguei BE Witzigmann, B Henneberger, F Arakawa, Y Freundlich, A TI Modeling of Radiation Induced Defects in Space Solar Cells SO PHYSICS AND SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices XIX CY JAN 24-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE ID INDUCED DISPLACEMENT DAMAGE; PROTON; IRRADIATION; SILICON; TEMPERATURE; ELECTRON; ENERGY AB The radiation response mechanisms operative in space solar cells are described. The effects of electron and proton radiation-induced defects on the cell performance are identified and methods for modeling the radiation response are presented. The space radiation environment is described, and a methodology for modeling the response of a solace cell to exposure to the space radiation environment is presented. It is shown how this model an be used to predict on orbit performance, and examples from space experiments are shown. C1 [Walters, Robert J.; Messenger, Scott; Warner, Jeffrey H.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Walters, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Cress, Cory/0000-0001-7563-6693 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8470-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7933 AR 79330P DI 10.1117/12.873902 PG 21 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BWC87 UT WOS:000293511600012 ER PT B AU Doucleff, M Hatcher-Skeers, M Crane, NJ AF Doucleff, Michaeleen Hatcher-Skeers, Mary Crane, Nicole J. BA Doucleff, M HatcherSkeers, M Crane, NJ BF Doucleff, M HatcherSkeers, M Crane, NJ TI Atomic Bells and Frequency Finders SO POCKET GUIDE TO BIOMOLECULAR NMR LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Doucleff, Michaeleen] NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Crane, Nicole J.] USN, Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Med Res Ctr, Dept Regenerat Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hatcher-Skeers, Mary] Claremont Mckenna Coll, WM Keck Sci Ctr, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Doucleff, M (reprint author), NIDDK, NIH, Bldg 5,Ctr Dr 31, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mcdoucleff@gmail.com; mhatcher@jsd.claremont.edu; Nicole.Crane@med.navy.mil; mcdoucleff@gmail.com; Nicole.Crane@med.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-16250-3 PY 2011 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-16251-0_1 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-16251-0 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Spectroscopy GA BUN31 UT WOS:000289825200001 ER PT B AU Doucleff, M Hatcher-Skeers, M Crane, NJ AF Doucleff, Michaeleen Hatcher-Skeers, Mary Crane, Nicole J. BA Doucleff, M HatcherSkeers, M Crane, NJ BF Doucleff, M HatcherSkeers, M Crane, NJ TI Bonded Bells and Two-Dimensional Spectra SO POCKET GUIDE TO BIOMOLECULAR NMR LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Doucleff, Michaeleen] NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Crane, Nicole J.] USN, Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Med Res Ctr, Dept Regenerat Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hatcher-Skeers, Mary] Claremont Mckenna Coll, WM Keck Sci Ctr, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Doucleff, M (reprint author), NIDDK, NIH, Bldg 5,Ctr Dr 31, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mcdoucleff@gmail.com; mhatcher@jsd.claremont.edu; Nicole.Crane@med.navy.mil; mcdoucleff@gmail.com; Nicole.Crane@med.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-16250-3 PY 2011 BP 19 EP 42 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-16251-0_2 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-16251-0 PG 24 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Spectroscopy GA BUN31 UT WOS:000289825200002 ER PT B AU Doucleff, M Hatcher-Skeers, M Crane, NJ AF Doucleff, Michaeleen Hatcher-Skeers, Mary Crane, Nicole J. BA Doucleff, M HatcherSkeers, M Crane, NJ BF Doucleff, M HatcherSkeers, M Crane, NJ TI Neighboring Bells and Structure Bundles SO POCKET GUIDE TO BIOMOLECULAR NMR LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Doucleff, Michaeleen] NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Crane, Nicole J.] USN, Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Med Res Ctr, Dept Regenerat Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hatcher-Skeers, Mary] Claremont Mckenna Coll, WM Keck Sci Ctr, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Doucleff, M (reprint author), NIDDK, NIH, Bldg 5,Ctr Dr 31, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mcdoucleff@gmail.com; mhatcher@jsd.claremont.edu; Nicole.Crane@med.navy.mil; mcdoucleff@gmail.com; Nicole.Crane@med.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-16250-3 PY 2011 BP 43 EP 73 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-16251-0_3 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-16251-0 PG 31 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Spectroscopy GA BUN31 UT WOS:000289825200003 ER PT B AU Doucleff, M Hatcher-Skeers, M Crane, NJ AF Doucleff, Michaeleen Hatcher-Skeers, Mary Crane, Nicole J. BA Doucleff, M HatcherSkeers, M Crane, NJ BF Doucleff, M HatcherSkeers, M Crane, NJ TI Silencing of the Bells: Relaxation Theory Part One SO POCKET GUIDE TO BIOMOLECULAR NMR LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Doucleff, Michaeleen] NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Crane, Nicole J.] USN, Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Med Res Ctr, Dept Regenerat Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hatcher-Skeers, Mary] Claremont Mckenna Coll, WM Keck Sci Ctr, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Doucleff, M (reprint author), NIDDK, NIH, Bldg 5,Ctr Dr 31, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mcdoucleff@gmail.com; mhatcher@jsd.claremont.edu; Nicole.Crane@med.navy.mil; mcdoucleff@gmail.com; Nicole.Crane@med.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-16250-3 PY 2011 BP 75 EP 105 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-16251-0_4 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-16251-0 PG 31 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Spectroscopy GA BUN31 UT WOS:000289825200004 ER PT B AU Doucleff, M Hatcher-Skeers, M Crane, NJ AF Doucleff, Michaeleen Hatcher-Skeers, Mary Crane, Nicole J. BA Doucleff, M HatcherSkeers, M Crane, NJ BF Doucleff, M HatcherSkeers, M Crane, NJ TI Relaxation Theory Part Two: Moving Atoms and Changing Notes SO POCKET GUIDE TO BIOMOLECULAR NMR LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Doucleff, Michaeleen] NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Crane, Nicole J.] USN, Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Med Res Ctr, Dept Regenerat Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hatcher-Skeers, Mary] Claremont Mckenna Coll, WM Keck Sci Ctr, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Doucleff, M (reprint author), NIDDK, NIH, Bldg 5,Ctr Dr 31, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mcdoucleff@gmail.com; mhatcher@jsd.claremont.edu; Nicole.Crane@med.navy.mil; mcdoucleff@gmail.com; Nicole.Crane@med.navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-16250-3 PY 2011 BP 107 EP 129 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-16251-0_5 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-16251-0 PG 23 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Spectroscopy GA BUN31 UT WOS:000289825200005 ER PT B AU Doucleff, M Hatcher-Skeers, M Crane, NJ AF Doucleff, Michaeleen Hatcher-Skeers, Mary Crane, Nicole J. BA Doucleff, M HatcherSkeers, M Crane, NJ BF Doucleff, M HatcherSkeers, M Crane, NJ TI Protein Dynamics SO POCKET GUIDE TO BIOMOLECULAR NMR LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MODEL-FREE APPROACH; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; RELAXATION C1 [Doucleff, Michaeleen] NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Crane, Nicole J.] USN, Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Med Res Ctr, Dept Regenerat Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hatcher-Skeers, Mary] Claremont Mckenna Coll, WM Keck Sci Ctr, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Doucleff, M (reprint author), NIDDK, NIH, Bldg 5,Ctr Dr 31, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mcdoucleff@gmail.com; mhatcher@jsd.claremont.edu; Nicole.Crane@med.navy.mil; mcdoucleff@gmail.com; Nicole.Crane@med.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-16250-3 PY 2011 BP 131 EP 156 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-16251-0_6 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-16251-0 PG 26 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Spectroscopy GA BUN31 UT WOS:000289825200006 ER PT S AU Nolde, JA Stine, R Jackson, EM Canedy, CL Vurgaftman, I Maximenko, SI Affouda, CA Gonzalez, M Aifer, EH Meyer, JR AF Nolde, Jill A. Stine, Rory Jackson, Eric M. Canedy, Chadwick L. Vurgaftman, Igor Maximenko, Serguei I. Affouda, Chaffra A. Gonzalez, Maria Aifer, Edward H. Meyer, Jerry R. BE Razeghi, M Sudharsanan, R Brown, GJ TI Effect of the oxide-semiconductor interface on the passivation of hybrid type-II superlattice long-wave infrared photodiodes SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices VIII CY JAN 23-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE photodetectors; long-wave infrared detectors; III-V semiconductors; type-II superlattices; passivation; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy AB In order to be commercially viable, the type-II superlattice (T2SL) LWIR focal plane array technology will require the development of effective passivation of exposed surfaces. Here we investigate the relationship between the thickness and composition of the native oxide at the T2SL-SiO2 interface and the diode performance in terms of sidewall resistivity. Device performance is compared between samples with untreated surfaces, those for which the native oxides have been removed at various intervals prior to SiO2 deposition, and samples for which oxide growth was promoted by ozone exposure with and without a prior oxide strip. InAs-and GaSb-capped pieces were processed in an identical manner and studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). From these spectra, the compositions and thicknesses of the surface oxides just prior to SiO2 deposition were determined, complementing the electrical characterization of devices. Correlation of the performance and surface composition is presented. C1 [Nolde, Jill A.; Jackson, Eric M.; Canedy, Chadwick L.; Vurgaftman, Igor; Affouda, Chaffra A.; Aifer, Edward H.; Meyer, Jerry R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nolde, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stine, Rory/C-6709-2013 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-482-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7945 AR 79451Y DI 10.1117/12.876320 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BWE00 UT WOS:000293695800057 ER PT S AU Pipitone, F AF Pipitone, F. BE Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Efficient RPG detection in noisy 3D image data SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Signatures II CY APR 27-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE target recognition; detection; 3D object recognition; force protection; trinocular stereo; jump boundary; range image; chain codes AB We address the automatic detection of Ambush weapons such as rocket propelled grenades (RPGs) from range data which might be derived from multiple camera stereo with textured illumination or by other means. We describe our initial work in a new project involving the efficient acquisition of 3D scene data as well as discrete point invariant techniques to perform real time search for threats to a convoy. The shapes of the jump boundaries in the scene are exploited in this paper, rather than on-surface points, due to the large error typical of depth measurement at long range and the relatively high resolution obtainable in the transverse direction. We describe examples of the generation of a novel range-scaled chain code for detecting and matching jump boundaries. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pipitone, F (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-614-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8040 AR 80400N DI 10.1117/12.889195 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BWB21 UT WOS:000293339000014 ER PT S AU Schaum, A Daniel, B AF Schaum, A. Daniel, Brian BE Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Next generation signature-based hyperspectral detection: A challenge to atmospheric modelers SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Signatures II CY APR 27-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; continuum; fusion; signatures; detection; outliers; subspace AB Recent successes in detecting specific materials with hyperspectral sensing systems belie the challenging problems that loom. Easy targets, spectrally distinct from clutter, challenge neither detection algorithms, nor the methods used to translate laboratory signatures into field spectra. The full promise of wide area autonomous detection with hyperspectral systems will not be met using rudimentary algorithms, such as the linear matched filter or the ACE algorithm. Nor will signature translation methods that produce a single radiance estimate suffice. This paper suggests a new methodology for addressing future challenges, along with signature characterization protocols that would enable advanced detection capabilities. C1 [Schaum, A.; Daniel, Brian] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Dr, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-614-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8040 AR 80400C DI 10.1117/12.883506 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BWB21 UT WOS:000293339000006 ER PT B AU Chen, VC AF Chen, Victor C. BA Chen, VC BF Chen, VC TI The Micro-Doppler Effect in Radar SO MICRO-DOPPLER EFFECT IN RADAR SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID EMPIRICAL-MODE DECOMPOSITION; INSTANTANEOUS FREQUENCY; HILBERT SPECTRUM; SIGNATURES; INDOOR; ENVIRONMENTS; EXTRACTION; TARGETS C1 [Chen, Victor C.] USN, Div Radar, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Chen, VC (reprint author), USN, Div Radar, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-057-2 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2011 BP 1 EP 34 PG 34 WC Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Physics; Telecommunications GA BTN14 UT WOS:000287381400001 ER PT B AU Chen, VC AF Chen, Victor C. BA Chen, VC BF Chen, VC TI Basics of the Micro-Doppler Effect in Radar SO MICRO-DOPPLER EFFECT IN RADAR SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Chen, Victor C.] USN, Div Radar, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Chen, VC (reprint author), USN, Div Radar, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-057-2 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2011 BP 35 EP 91 PG 57 WC Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Physics; Telecommunications GA BTN14 UT WOS:000287381400002 ER PT B AU Chen, VC AF Chen, Victor C. BA Chen, VC BF Chen, VC TI The Micro-Doppler Effect of the Rigid Body Motion SO MICRO-DOPPLER EFFECT IN RADAR SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SIGNATURES C1 [Chen, Victor C.] USN, Div Radar, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Chen, VC (reprint author), USN, Div Radar, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-057-2 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2011 BP 93 EP 156 PG 64 WC Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Physics; Telecommunications GA BTN14 UT WOS:000287381400003 ER PT B AU Chen, VC AF Chen, Victor C. BA Chen, VC BF Chen, VC TI The Micro-Doppler Effect of the Nonrigid Body Motion SO MICRO-DOPPLER EFFECT IN RADAR SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RADAR; FLIGHT; BIRD; RECOGNITION; KINEMATICS; TARGETS; GAIT C1 [Chen, Victor C.] USN, Div Radar, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Chen, VC (reprint author), USN, Div Radar, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-057-2 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2011 BP 157 EP 246 PG 90 WC Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Physics; Telecommunications GA BTN14 UT WOS:000287381400004 ER PT B AU Chen, VC AF Chen, Victor C. BA Chen, VC BF Chen, VC TI Analysis and Interpretation of Micro-Doppler Signatures SO MICRO-DOPPLER EFFECT IN RADAR SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BIOLOGICAL-MOTION DISPLAYS; POINT-LIGHT; VISUAL-PERCEPTION; GAIT PERCEPTION; GENDER; MOVEMENT; DECOMPOSITION; EMOTION; RADAR; BODY C1 [Chen, Victor C.] USN, Div Radar, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Chen, VC (reprint author), USN, Div Radar, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-057-2 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2011 BP 247 EP 269 PG 23 WC Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Physics; Telecommunications GA BTN14 UT WOS:000287381400005 ER PT B AU Chen, VC AF Chen, Victor C. BA Chen, VC BF Chen, VC TI Summary, Challenges, and Perspectives SO MICRO-DOPPLER EFFECT IN RADAR SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID RADAR C1 [Chen, Victor C.] USN, Div Radar, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Chen, VC (reprint author), USN, Div Radar, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-057-2 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2011 BP 271 EP 279 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Physics; Telecommunications GA BTN14 UT WOS:000287381400006 ER PT J AU Crawford, S AF Crawford, Sharika TI A TRANSNATIONAL WORLD FRACTURED BUT NOT FORGOTTEN: BRITISH WEST INDIAN MIGRATION TO THE COLOMBIAN ISLANDS OF SAN ANDRES AND PROVIDENCE SO NWIG-NEW WEST INDIAN GUIDE-NIEUWE WEST-INDISCHE GIDS LA English DT Article ID NATION C1 USN Acad, Dept Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Crawford, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM scrawford@usna.edu NR 44 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KITLV PRESS PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9515, 2300 RA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-2373 J9 NWIG-NEW W INDIAN GU JI NWIG- New West Indian Guid. PY 2011 VL 85 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 52 PG 22 WC Area Studies; Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Area Studies; Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 800NW UT WOS:000293369100002 ER PT J AU Liu, WM Meyer, J Scully, CG Elster, E Gorbach, AM AF Liu, Wei-Min Meyer, Joseph Scully, Christopher G. Elster, Eric Gorbach, Alexander M. TI Observing temperature fluctuations in humans using infrared imaging SO QIRT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE thermoregulation; skin microvasculature; infrared imaging; low frequency oscillation; wavelet phase coherence ID OSCILLATIONS AB In this work we demonstrate that functional infrared imaging is capable of detecting low frequency temperature fluctuations in intact human skin and revealing spatial, temporal, spectral, and time-frequency based differences among three tissue classes: microvasculature, large sub-cutaneous veins, and the remaining surrounding tissue of the forearm. We found that large veins have stronger contractility in the range of 0.005-0.06 Hz compared to the other two tissue classes. Wavelet phase coherence and power spectrum correlation analysis show that micro vasculature and skin areas without vessels visible by IR have high phase coherence in the lowest three frequency ranges (0.005-0.0095 Hz, 0.0095-0.02 Hz, and 0.02-0.06 Hz), whereas large veins oscillate independently. C1 [Liu, Wei-Min; Elster, Eric] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Liu, Wei-Min; Meyer, Joseph; Scully, Christopher G.; Gorbach, Alexander M.] Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & Bioengn, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Scully, Christopher G.] Worcester Polytech Inst, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. RP Liu, WM (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM liuweim@mail.nih.gov; gorbach@helix.nih.gov FU National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health; Naval Medical Research Center; U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Office of Naval Research [602227D.0483.01.A0518 (MFEL)] FX This research was supported, in part, by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health and the Naval Medical Research Center.; The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy of the Department of the Army, Department of the Navy, the Department of Defense or the United States Government. This effort was supported (in part) by the U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery under the Medical Development Program and Office of Naval Research work unit number 602227D.0483.01.A0518 (MFEL). We are military service members (or other employees of the U.S. Government). This work was prepared as part of our official duties. Title 17 U.S.C. 105 provides the "Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government." Title 17 U.S.C. 101 defines a U.S. Government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employee of the U.S. Government as part of that person's official duties. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAVOISIER PI CACHAN PA 14, RUE DE PROVIGNY, 94236 CACHAN, FRANCE SN 1768-6733 J9 QIRT J JI QIRT J. PD JAN-JUN PY 2011 VL 8 IS 1 BP 21 EP 36 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA 796NN UT WOS:000293058100002 PM 23538682 ER PT S AU Daniel, BJ Schaum, AP AF Daniel, Brian J. Schaum, Alan P. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Linear log-likelihood ratio ((LR)-R-3) algorithm for spectral target detection SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVII CY APR 25-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Continuum Fusion; hyperspectral; target detection; Laplacian additive model; adaptive coherence estimator AB The potential of a new class of detection algorithms is demonstrated on an object of practical interest. The continuum fusion (CF) [1] methodology is applied to a linear subspace model. A new algorithm results from first invoking a fusion interpretation of a conventional GLR test and then modifying it with CF methods. Usual performance is enhanced in two ways. First the Gaussian clutter model is replaced by a Laplacian distribution, which is not only more realistic in its tail behavior but, when used in a hypothesis test, also creates decision surfaces more selective than the hyperplanes associated with linear matched filters. Second, a fusion flavor is devised that generalizes the adaptive coherence estimator (ACE) [2, 3] algorithm but has more design flexibility. An IDL/ENVI user interface has been developed and will be described. C1 [Daniel, Brian J.; Schaum, Alan P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Daniel, BJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-622-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8048 AR 804804 DI 10.1117/12.884337 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BVT68 UT WOS:000292737000003 ER PT S AU Kruse, FA Elvidge, CD AF Kruse, Fred A. Elvidge, Christopher D. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Identification and mapping of night lights signatures using hyperspectral data SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVII CY APR 25-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Night Lights Spectral Mapping; Lights Spectral Identification; Hyperspectral Mapping; Imaging Spectrometry; HSI; Lights Spectral Emission Lines ID AVIRIS DATA; IMAGING SPECTROMETRY; UNITED-STATES; CITY LIGHTS; IMPACT AB "ProSpecTIR" Imaging spectrometer (hyperspectral imagery or "HSI") data were collected for the city of Las Vegas, Nevada, USA at 10:55 PM July 28, 2009 for the purposes of identification, characterization, and mapping of urban lighting based on spectral emission lines unique to specific lighting types. The ProSpecTIR sensor measures the spectrum in 360 spectral bands between 0.4 and 2.5 micrometers at approximately 5nm spectral resolution, and for this flight, at 1.2m spatial resolution. Spectral features were extracted from the data and compared to a spectral library of known lighting measurements. Specific lighting types identified based on spectral signatures using the ProSpecTIR data included blue and red neon, high pressure sodium, and metal halide lights. A binary encoding method was used to map the spatial distribution of lighting types based on simplified spectral signatures. Results were overlain on a Quickbird panchromatic 0.6m spatial resolution image. The observed locations of specific light types were compared to a 3-D Las Vegas building model, and airborne signatures validated against spectral library measurements. The ProSpecTIR data successfully identified and mapped different lighting types and distributions, allowing determination of the nature and spatial associations of specific lights. Results illustrate the potential for using imaging spectrometer data to characterize urban development. C1 [Kruse, Fred A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kruse, FA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM fakruse@nps.edu RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-622-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8048 AR 80480T DI 10.1117/12.882191 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BVT68 UT WOS:000292737000028 ER PT S AU Olsen, RC Kim, AM McConnon, C AF Olsen, Richard C. Kim, Angela M. McConnon, Cecelia BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI High spatial resolution bidirectional reflectance retrieval using satellite data SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVII CY APR 25-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function; BRDF; WorldView-2 AB Worldview-2 imagery acquired over Duck, NC and Camp Pendleton, CA were analyzed to extract Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Functions (BRDF) for 8 visible/near-infrared spectral bands. Images were acquired at 15 azimuth/elevation positions at ten-second intervals during the Duck, NC orbit pass. Ten images were acquired over Camp Pendleton, CA. Orthoready images were coregistered using first-order polynomials for the two image sequences. BRDF profiles have been created for various scene elements. MODTRAN simulations are presented to illustrate atmospheric effects under varying collection geometries. Results from analysis of the Camp Pendleton, CA data are presented here. C1 [Olsen, Richard C.; Kim, Angela M.; McConnon, Cecelia] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Olsen, RC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM olsen@nps.edu; amkim@nps.edu RI Olsen, Richard/O-2699-2015 OI Olsen, Richard/0000-0002-8344-9297 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-622-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8048 AR 80480W DI 10.1117/12.883572 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BVT68 UT WOS:000292737000031 ER PT S AU Schaum, A AF Schaum, A. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Design methods for continuum fusion detectors SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVII CY APR 25-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; continuum; fusion; signatures; detection; affine; subspace; outlier; sculpting AB Continuum fusion methods define a new design approach for multivariate detection algorithms, hyperspectral applications being only one example. However, the high dimensions in which such detectors operate can challenge human intuition. We show how certain low-dimensional representations can be used to understand the performance of many existing discrimination algorithms, with special emphasis on newer CF methods. We also give examples illustrating how the interplay between analytical and geometrical interpretations can be used to inform the process of designing special purpose detectors, such as for eliminating sensor artifacts. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Dr, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-622-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8048 AR 804803 DI 10.1117/12.883497 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BVT68 UT WOS:000292737000002 ER PT J AU D'sa, EJ Korobkin, M Ko, DS AF D'sa, Eurico J. Korobkin, Mitsuko Ko, Dong S. TI Effects of Hurricane Ike on the Louisiana-Texas coast from satellite and model data SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; TRANSPORT AB The river-influenced Mississippi-Louisiana-Texas (MsLaTex) coast in the northern Gulf of Mexico was in 2008 impacted by Hurricane Ike that made landfall along the Texas coast on 13 September 2008, causing widespread damage due to storm surge and coastal inundation. We examine the effects of the hurricane on the MsLaTex coast using remote sensing, model simulation and field observations. Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer sea surface temperature imagery indicated an approximately 2-4 degrees C decrease in temperature to the right of the hurricane track. The high-resolution (similar to 2 km) three-dimensional Navy Coastal Ocean Model simulation and tide data suggested the generation of a coastally trapped `barotropic Kelvin' wave during the passage of Ike, which may have contributed to an earlier than expected surge in sea level. A distinct elevated band of suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration extending from Louisiana to Texas (similar to 90.5-94.5 degrees W) coast was observed offshore in sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor-derived imagery of 17 and 25 September that appeared to be associated with the coastally trapped Kelvin wave that was enhanced west of the Mississippi Canyon. Two intermittent wind events on 15 and 21 September likely kept the SPM in suspension for an extended period. Subsequently, on 27 and 30 September, SPM decreased along the elevated band and near the landfall site but increased near the bays and passes due to receding flood waters. Off the Atchafalaya and Mississippi deltas a large pulse of river discharge containing elevated SPM levels caused a plume around the two river deltas and its offshore dispersion into the open Gulf of Mexico. C1 [D'sa, Eurico J.; Korobkin, Mitsuko] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Inst Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Ko, Dong S.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP D'sa, EJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Inst Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM ejdsa@lsu.edu RI Liu, Cheng-Chien/E-4859-2011 FU Minerals Management Service (MMS) [M08AX12685]; NASA [NNA07CN12A]; ONR [N00014-08WX-2-1170] FX This work was funded by a Minerals Management Service (MMS) project No. M08AX12685 and by NASA grant NNA07CN12A (Applied Sciences Program) to E. D'Sa, and by an ONR contract N00014-08WX-2-1170 (code 322 PO) to D.S. Ko. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PY 2011 VL 2 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.489057 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 794CJ UT WOS:000292872700002 ER PT B AU Bernick, S Kane, S AF Bernick, Steven Kane, Sunanda BE Guandalini, S Vaziri, H TI Inflammatory Bowel Disease SO DIARRHEA: DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES SE Clinical Gastroenterology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Inflammatory bowel disease; Crohn's disease; Ulcerative colitis; CARD15; NOD2; Clostridium difficile; Yersinia enterocolitica; Escherichia coli 0157:H7; . TNF-alpha (alpha); 5-Aminosalicylate; 5-ASA; Irritable pouch syndrome; Small bowel bacterial overgrowth; Extraintestinal manifestations of IBD; Video capsule endoscopy; Endoscopy; Colonoscopy; Esophagogastroduodenoscopy; Noncaseating granulomas; Terminal ileum; Mesalamine; Sulfasalazine; Glucocorticoids; Corticosteroids; Cyclosporine; Methotrexate; Infliximab; Adalimumab; Certolizumab pegol; Natalizumab; Immunomodulators; Probiotic ID CROHNS-DISEASE; INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; ENDOSCOPY; CHILDREN AB In summary, diarrhea is a frequent complaint in patients with IBD, with a complex pathophysiologic basis. In any patient presenting with a new inflammatory diarrhea, a wide variety of etiologies must be considered, including a new diagnosis of UC or CD. In patients with pre-existing IBD, the prudent clinician must consider not only a potential exacerbation of their documented disease but also a number of other potential confounding conditions. A focused but thorough medical history, physical examination, laboratory evaluation, and imaging studies may be useful. Endoscopic examination of the upper or the lower digestive tracts may be necessary in the majority of patients. There are a number of antidiarrheal therapies that may be used for symptomatic control in these patients; however the treatment of the underlying disease is the primary goal. C1 [Bernick, Steven] USN Hosp, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Kane, Sunanda] Mayo Clin, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Coll Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Bernick, S (reprint author), USN Hosp, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA BN 978-1-60761-182-0 J9 CLIN GASTROENT-SER PY 2011 BP 61 EP 79 DI 10.1007/978-1-60761-183-7_3 D2 10.1007/978-1-60761-183-7 PG 19 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA BSK47 UT WOS:000284745600003 ER PT S AU Smith, JF AF Smith, James F., III BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Generation and detection of quantum entangled states for quantum imaging SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation IX CY APR 28-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Quantum entanglement; M&M state; N00N state; super resolution; quantum imaging; quantum sensor; post-selection measurement AB A factorization scheme will be introduced that potentially permits any N00N or M&M state to be generated and detected. Explicit results for N00N states are presented for N=3. Internal loss within the entanglement generator and external loss due to atmosphere, detectors and targets are modeled. A method using these approaches for quantum entanglement based imaging is provided that gives N times classical resolution, where N is the number photons entangled with explicit results exhibited for N=3. Closed form expressions for the wave function, normalization, density matrix, reduced density matrix, visibility, and probabilities of detection of one through three photons using detectors with general polarization characteristics are provided. Explicit entanglement generator and detector designs are provided in terms of linear and nonlinear photonics devices. The fundamental role of post-selection measurement for generating entanglement is included. A general factorization scheme for M&M states is provided. Discussions of entanglement devices that will produce general M&M states at near visible frequencies are given. A discussion of a bearing measurement device that exhibits both super sensitivity and resolution is provided. Computational results are provided that compare probabilities of detection for three single photon detectors with -45, 45, and 45 degree linear polarization. Results for detecting one to three photons or the vacuum state are compared. Computational results for detecting three photons with these detectors for various values of internal and atmospheric loss are provided. Resolution improvements born of quantum entanglement are shown not to degrade with loss. Loss degrades probability of detection not resolution. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.smith@nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-631-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8057 AR 805708 DI 10.1117/12.883618 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA BVT60 UT WOS:000292734600007 ER PT S AU Eaton, DS AF Eaton, Deran S. BE Mobley, SB Murrer, RL TI Allegany Ballistics Lab: Sensor Test Target System SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop XVI CY APR 27-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE flare; target; simulator; multispectral; illumination; array; MISTA; JES-IR AB Leveraging the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division's historical experience in weapon simulation, Naval Sea Systems Command commissioned development of a remote-controlled, digitally programmable Sensor Test Target as part of a modern, outdoor hardware-in-the-loop test system for ordnance-related guidance, navigation and control systems. The overall Target system design invokes a sciences-based, "design of automated experiments" approach meant to close the logistical distance between sensor engineering and developmental T&E in outdoor conditions over useful real world distances. This enables operating modes that employ broad spectrum electromagnetic energy in many a desired combination, variably generated using a Jet Engine Simulator, a multispectral infrared emitter array, optically enhanced incandescent Flare Simulators, Emitter/Detector mounts, and an RF corner reflector kit. As assembled, the recently tested Sensor Test Target prototype being presented can capably provide a full array of useful RF and infrared target source simulations for RDT&E use with developmental and existing sensors. Certain Target technologies are patent pending, with potential spinoffs in aviation, metallurgy and biofuels processing, while others are variations on well-established technology. The Sensor Test Target System is planned for extended installation at Allegany Ballistics Laboratory (Rocket Center, WV). C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Eaton, DS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, 4515 McMahon Rd,Ste 206, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM deran.eaton@navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-589-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8015 AR 801509 DI 10.1117/12.883120 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA BVT10 UT WOS:000292701200008 ER PT S AU Shaw, B Gibson, D Nguyen, V Gattass, RR Sanghera, J Aggarwal, I AF Shaw, Brandon Gibson, Dan Vinh Nguyen Gattass, Rafael R. Sanghera, Jas Aggarwal, Ishwar BE Mobley, SB Murrer, RL TI IR Imaging Bundles for HWIL Testing SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop XVI CY APR 27-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE IR fiber bundles; IR fiber; hardware-in-the-loop AB We report on development and characterization of square registered infrared imaging bundles fabricated from As2S3 fiber for HWIL applications. Bundle properties and cross-talk measurements are presented. C1 [Shaw, Brandon; Gibson, Dan; Vinh Nguyen; Gattass, Rafael R.; Sanghera, Jas] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shaw, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5620, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brandon.shaw@nrl.navy.mil RI Gibson, Daniel/F-2743-2013 OI Gibson, Daniel/0000-0001-7560-2549 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-589-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8015 AR 801503 DI 10.1117/12.884536 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA BVT10 UT WOS:000292701200002 ER PT S AU Wettergren, TA AF Wettergren, Thomas A. BE Carapezza, EM TI A Method for Robust Adaptation of the Configuration of Distributed Sensor Fields SO UNATTENDED GROUND, SEA, AND AIR SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications XIII CY APR 28-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Sensor fields; surveillance; adaptation; design tradeoffs ID TARGETS; SEARCH AB We illustrate an approach for adapting the configuration of surveillance-based distributed sensor fields. By using a robust method of centralized adaptation of the field configuration, the performance of distributed sensor fields can be greatly extended. This extension can be in terms of improved performance due to new local knowledge of the environment, improvement to compensate for individual sensor node failures, and improvement due to changes in the operational goal. In all of these situations, it is crucial to adapt only in a manner that is consistent with the performance intent of the original deployment strategy. In this paper, we use the concept of Pareto optimality (that is, the achievement of desired tradeoffs between competing objectives) as a mechanism for describing the intent of the original deployment. We then illustrate a computational approach to adaptation of the field configuration that can be performed to maintain this intent in the presence of a variety of sources of field degradation. Numerical examples are shown that illustrate this effect using a sparse sensor network that is designed for providing surveillance coverage of nonhomogeneous environments. We conclude with an analysis of the stability properties of this adaptation procedure, along with guidelines for its use in practical systems. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Wettergren, TA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM thomas.wettergren@navy.mil OI Wettergren, Thomas/0000-0002-6623-8412 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-620-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8046 AR 80460H DI 10.1117/12.883724 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BVT07 UT WOS:000292700300011 ER PT S AU Zeller, J Manzur, T AF Zeller, John Manzur, Tariq BE Carapezza, EM TI Free-space optical communication links and evaporation layer study near sea surface at 1.55 mu m SO UNATTENDED GROUND, SEA, AND AIR SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications XIII CY APR 28-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Free-space optics; communication networks; infrared lasers; MODTRAN ID PARAMETER AB In many situations where it is necessary to set up a communication link such as emergencies or in remote locations, running fiber between two sites is not practical. Free-space optics (FSO) holds the potential for high bandwidth communication in such situations with relatively low cost, low maintenance, quick installation times, and average 70-80% connectivity. Since atmospheric conditions can significantly affect the capability of this type of communication system to transfer information consistently and operate effectively, the effects of atmosphere on FSO communication and consequent optimal wavelength range for transmission are investigated through MODTRAN-based modeling of 1.55 mu m transmission. Simulations were performed for multiple elevation angles in atmospheric weather conditions including clear maritime, desert extinction, and various levels of rain and fog to simulate surface-to-surface and surface-to-air FSO communication networks. Atmospheric, free-space, and scintillation losses are analyzed for optical path lengths of up to 2 km or greater to determine minimum transmit power required for successful data reception. In addition, the effects of atmospheric turbulence on beam propagation in the evaporation layer are investigated, where wavefront sensing with adaptive optics as well as a software Kalman filter are seen as a means to compensate for wavefront distortion. Using advanced laser sources to provide illumination at infrared wavelengths, particularly around the eye-safe 1.55 mu m wavelength, it should be possible to overcome many transmission limitations associated with atmospheric conditions such as adverse weather and turbulence to enable high data rate communication links where the use of fiber is not practical or prohibited. C1 [Zeller, John; Manzur, Tariq] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Zeller, J (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-620-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8046 AR 80460O DI 10.1117/12.888933 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BVT07 UT WOS:000292700300017 ER PT S AU Martin, K AF Martin, K. BE Coecke, B TI Domain Theory and Measurement SO NEW STRUCTURES FOR PHYSICS SE Lecture Notes in Physics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; COMMUNICATION; FRACTALS; SPACE AB Lecture notes on domain theory and measurement, driven by applications to physics, computer science and information theory, with a hint of provocation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Martin, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM keye.martin@nrl.navy.mil NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 978-3-642-12820-2 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2011 VL 813 BP 491 EP 591 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-12821-9_9 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-12821-9 PG 101 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BRU27 UT WOS:000283691900009 ER PT S AU Coecke, B Martin, K AF Coecke, B. Martin, K. BE Coecke, B TI A Partial Order on Classical and Quantum States SO NEW STRUCTURES FOR PHYSICS SE Lecture Notes in Physics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB We introduce a partial order on classical and quantum mixed states which reveals that these sets are actually domains: Directed complete partially ordered sets with an intrinsic notion of approximation. The operational significance of the partial orders involved conclusively establishes that physical information has a natural domain theoretic structure. For example, the set of maximal elements in the domain of quantum states is precisely the set of pure states, while the completely mixed ensemble I/n is the order theoretic least element perpendicular to. In the same way that the order on a domain provides a rigorous qualitative definition of information, a special type of mapping on a domain called a measurement provides a formal account of the intuitive notion "information content." Not only is physical information domain theoretic, but so too is physical entropy: Shannon entropy is a measurement on the domain of classical states; von Neumann entropy is a measurement on the domain of quantum states. These results yield a foundation from which one can (a) reason qualitatively about probability, (b) derive the lattices of Birkhoff and von Neumann in a unified manner, suggesting that domains may provide a formalism for the logic of partial belief, and (c) develop new techniques for studying phenomena like noise and entanglement. Along the way, new lines of investigation open up within various subdisciplines of physics, mathematics and theoretical computer science. C1 [Coecke, B.] Univ Oxford, OUCL, Oxford, England. [Martin, K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coecke, B (reprint author), Pk Rd, Oxford OX1 3QD, England. EM Bob.Coecke@comlab.ox.ac.uk; keye.martin@nrl.navy.mil; Bob.Coecke@comlab.ox.ac.uk NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 978-3-642-12820-2 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2011 VL 813 BP 593 EP 683 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-12821-9_10 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-12821-9 PG 91 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BRU27 UT WOS:000283691900010 ER PT S AU Martin, K Panangaden, P AF Martin, K. Panangaden, P. BE Coecke, B TI Domain Theory and General Relativity SO NEW STRUCTURES FOR PHYSICS SE Lecture Notes in Physics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CAUSAL CURVES; SPACE; COMPACTNESS AB We discuss the current state of investigations into the domain theoretic structure of spacetime, including recent developments which explain the connection between measurement, the Newtonian concept of time and the Lorentz distance. C1 [Martin, K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Panangaden, P.] McGill Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Martin, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM keye.martin@nrl.navy.mil; prakash@cs.mcgill.ca NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 978-3-642-12820-2 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2011 VL 813 BP 687 EP 703 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-12821-9_11 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-12821-9 PG 17 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BRU27 UT WOS:000283691900011 ER PT B AU Leid, JG Cope, EK Parmenter, S Shirtliff, ME Dowd, S Wolcott, R Basaraba, R Hunsaker, D Palmer, J Cohen, N AF Leid, Jeff G. Cope, Emily K. Parmenter, Stacy Shirtliff, Mark E. Dowd, Scot Wolcott, Randall Basaraba, Randall Hunsaker, Darrell Palmer, James Cohen, Noam BE Bjarnsholt, T Moser, C Jensen, PO Hoiby, N TI The Importance of Biofilms in Chronic Rhinosinusitis SO BIOFILM INFECTIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA BIOFILMS; ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY; MIDDLE-EAR MUCOSA; BACTERIAL BIOFILMS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; OTITIS-MEDIA; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; IN-VITRO; CHINCHILLA MODEL C1 [Leid, Jeff G.; Cope, Emily K.; Parmenter, Stacy] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Shirtliff, Mark E.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Microbial Pathogenesis, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Dowd, Scot; Wolcott, Randall] Med Biofilm Res Inst, Lubbock, TX 79407 USA. [Basaraba, Randall] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Hunsaker, Darrell] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Palmer, James; Cohen, Noam] Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Dept Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Leid, JG (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM jeff.leid@nau.edu; mshirtliff@umaryland.edu OI Cohen, Noam/0000-0002-9462-3932; Shirtliff, Mark/0000-0002-8913-3445 NR 92 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6083-2 PY 2011 BP 139 EP 160 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6084-9_8 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6084-9 PG 22 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BSC47 UT WOS:000284120900008 ER PT B AU Sozhamannan, S Yildiz, FH AF Sozhamannan, Shanmuga Yildiz, Fitnat H. BE Ramamurthy, T Bhattacharya, SK TI Diversity and Genetic Basis of Polysaccharide Biosynthesis in Vibrio cholerae SO EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR ASPECTS ON CHOLERA SE Infectious Disease LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID O1 EL-TOR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; RUGOSE SURVIVAL FORM; BIOFILM FORMATION; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; ANTIGEN BIOSYNTHESIS; SURFACE POLYSACCHARIDE; PATHOGENICITY ISLAND; SYNONYM BENGAL; EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION AB Vibrio cholerae elaborates three types of polysaccharide structures: lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of which is the O-polysaccharide or O-antigen, capsular polysaccharide (CPS) or K-antigen, and "rugose" polysaccharide also known as exopolysaccharide (EPS) or Vibrio polysaccharide (VPS). The major protective antigen for V cholerae is the O-antigen. A strain typing scheme based on the somatic O-antigen has been in use for a number of years. There are 206 serogroups identified so far and of these only O1 and O139 are known to cause epidemic/pandemic cholera, although a handful of non-O1/non-O139 strains are known to possess the major virulence factors. The O-antigen diversity is due to the number and composition of monosaccharide components, linkages, addition of non-sugar moieties, modal length of the polysaccharide chain, and biosynthesis mechanisms. The genetic basis of this diversity is just beginning to be understood with the sequencing of a number of gene clusters that encode O-polysaccharide (OPS)/capsule structures. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the biochemical composition and structure of some of the O-polysaccharides, genes involved in their biosynthesis, and touch upon the role of horizontal gene transfer in creating this diversity and possible mechanisms that may be operative in this process. We highlight the fact that the distinction between OPS and CPS seems to be less evident in V. cholerae than in other species since the genes encoding these structures are shared and map in the same region of the genome. We also describe our current understanding of the genetics and regulation of EPS/VPS synthesis and its role in biofilm formation and environmental survival of V. cholerae. C1 [Sozhamannan, Shanmuga] USN, Genom Dept, Biol Def Res Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Yildiz, Fitnat H.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Toxicol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Sozhamannan, S (reprint author), USN, Genom Dept, Biol Def Res Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM shanmuga.sozhamannan@med.navy.mil; fyildiz@ucsc.edu NR 110 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA BN 978-1-60327-264-3 J9 INFECT DIS PY 2011 BP 129 EP 160 DI 10.1007/978-1-60327-265-0_8 D2 10.1007/978-1-60327-265-0 PG 32 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA BRX05 UT WOS:000283819300008 ER PT B AU Lammie, JJ Kotora, JG Riesberg, JC AF Lammie, John J. Kotora, Joseph G., Jr. Riesberg, Jamie C. BE Martin, M Beekley, A TI Combat Triage and Mass Casualty Management SO FRONT LINE SURGERY: A PRACTICAL APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lammie, John J.] N Atlantic Reg Med Command, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Kotora, Joseph G., Jr.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Emergency Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Riesberg, Jamie C.] Evans Army Community Hosp, Robinson Family Med Clin, Ft Carson, CO USA. RP Lammie, JJ (reprint author), N Atlantic Reg Med Command, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6078-8 PY 2011 BP 17 EP 31 PG 15 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA BSN71 UT WOS:000285029700002 ER PT S AU Steinberg, M AF Steinberg, Marc BE Suresh, R TI Biologically-Inspired Approaches for Self-organization, Adaptation, and Collaboration of Heterogeneous Autonomous Systems SO DEFENSE TRANSFORMATION AND NET-CENTRIC SYSTEMS 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Defense Transformation and Net-Centric Systems CY APR 27-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID COLLECTIVE DECISION-MAKING; COVERAGE CONTROL; ANIMAL GROUPS; BEHAVIOR; SENTINELS; ACCURACY; NETWORKS; DYNAMICS; AGENTS; SPEED AB This paper presents a selective survey of theoretical and experimental progress in the development of biologically-inspired approaches for complex surveillance and reconnaissance problems with multiple, heterogeneous autonomous systems. The focus is on approaches that may address ISR problems that can quickly become mathematically intractable or otherwise impractical to implement using traditional optimization techniques as the size and complexity of the problem is increased. These problems require dealing with complex spatiotemporal objectives and constraints at a variety of levels from motion planning to task allocation. There is also a need to ensure solutions are reliable and robust to uncertainty and communications limitations. First, the paper will provide a short introduction to the current state of relevant biological research as relates to collective animal behavior. Second, the paper will describe research on largely decentralized, reactive, or swarm approaches that have been inspired by biological phenomena such as schools of fish, flocks of birds, ant colonies, and insect swarms. Next, the paper will discuss approaches towards more complex organizational and cooperative mechanisms in team and coalition behaviors in order to provide mission coverage of large, complex areas. Relevant team behavior may be derived from recent advances in understanding of the social and cooperative behaviors used for collaboration by tens of animals with higher-level cognitive abilities such as mammals and birds. Finally, the paper will briefly discuss challenges involved in user interaction with these types of systems. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Steinberg, M (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 94 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-636-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8062 AR 80620H DI 10.1117/12.882605 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BVJ32 UT WOS:000291643900011 ER PT S AU Ngo, HT Rakvic, RN Broussard, RP Ives, RW AF Ngo, Hau T. Rakvic, Ryan N. Broussard, Randy P. Ives, Robert W. BE Agaian, SS Jassim, SA Du, Y TI Rapid Prototyping of an Automated Video Surveillance System: A Hardware-Software Co-Design Approach SO MOBILE MULTIMEDIA/IMAGE PROCESSING, SECURITY, AND APPLICATIONS 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mobile Multimedia/Image Processing, Security, and Applications 2011 CY APR 25-26, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE FPGA; real-time image processing; embedded system; Nios-II processor; pipeline and systolic architecture; foreground segmentation AB FPGA devices with embedded DSP and memory blocks, and high-speed interfaces are ideal for real-time video processing applications. In this work, a hardware-software co-design approach is proposed to effectively utilize FPGA features for a prototype of an automated video surveillance system. Time-critical steps of the video surveillance algorithm are designed and implemented in the FPGA's logic elements to maximize parallel processing. Other non time-critical tasks are achieved by executing a high level language program on an embedded Nios-II processor. Pre-tested and verified video and interface functions from a standard video framework are utilized to significantly reduce development and verification time. Custom and parallel processing modules are integrated into the video processing chain by Altera's Avalon Streaming video protocol. Other data control interfaces are achieved by connecting hardware controllers to a Nios-II processor using Altera's Avalon Memory Mapped protocol. C1 [Ngo, Hau T.; Rakvic, Ryan N.; Ives, Robert W.] USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ngo, HT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-637-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8063 AR 80630O DI 10.1117/12.884331 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BVJ33 UT WOS:000291644500022 ER PT J AU Davis, MC Groshens, TJ AF Davis, Matthew C. Groshens, Thomas J. TI One-Pot Preparation of 2,5-Dichloro-4 '-phenyloxybenzophenone SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Acylation; Friedel-Crafts; mixed anhydride; phosphoric acid; trifluoroacetic anhydride ID PROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; FRIEDEL-CRAFTS ACYLATION; DERIVATIVES; POLY(P-PHENYLENE)S; ANHYDRIDE AB Friedel-Crafts-type acylation of phenyl ether with 2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid could be accomplished in a single step using trifluoroacetic anhydride and phosphoric acid. The method gave a greater yield (78%) than the conventional two-step process (71%) of acid chloride generation followed by aluminum trichloride-mediated acylation. C1 [Davis, Matthew C.; Groshens, Thomas J.] USN, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil FU NAWCWD FX The financial support from the In-House Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) program (NAWCWD) is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks to Ann M. Moorehead and Cynthia M. Kitchens for collecting References 13 and 26. Thanks to Dr. Robert D. Chapman (NAWCWD) for some trifluoroacetic acid used in the NMR studies. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2011 VL 41 IS 2 BP 255 EP 261 AR PII 931249814 DI 10.1080/00397910903534056 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 695QL UT WOS:000285387600011 ER PT S AU Restaino, SR Andrews, JR Martinez, T Wilcox, CC Santiago, F Payne, DM AF Restaino, Sergio R. Andrews, Jonathan R. Martinez, Ty Wilcox, Christopher C. Santiago, Freddie Payne, Don M. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI MEMs Adaptive Optics at the Naval Research Laboratory SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications III CY APR 25-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB The Naval Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI) is the longest baseline at visible wavelengths interferometer in the world. The astronomical capabilities of such an instrument are being exploited and recent results will be presented. NPOI is also the largest optical telescope belonging to the US Department of Defense with a maximum baseline of 435 meter has a resolution that is approximately 181 times the resolution attainable by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and 118 times the resolution attainable by the Advanced Electro-Optical System (AEOS). It is also the only optical interferometer capable of recombining up to six apertures simultaneously. The NPOI is a sparse aperture and its sensitivity is limited by the size of the unit aperture, currently that size is 0.5 meters. In order to increase the overall sensitivity of the instrument a program was started to manufacture larger, 1.4 meter, ultra-light telescopes. The lightness of the telescopes requirement is due to the fact that telescopes have to be easily transportable in order to reconfigure the array. For this reason a program was started three years ago to investigate the feasibility of manufacturing Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) telescopes, including the optics. Furthermore, since the unit apertures are now much larger than r(0) there is a need to compensate the aperture with adaptive optics (AO). Since the need for mobility of the telescopes, compact AO systems, based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS), have been developed. This paper will present the status of our adaptive optics system and some of the results attained so far with it. C1 [Restaino, Sergio R.; Andrews, Jonathan R.; Martinez, Ty; Wilcox, Christopher C.; Santiago, Freddie] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7216,3550 Aberdeen SE, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. OI Wilcox, Christopher/0000-0001-5413-1901 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-605-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8031 AR 80310M DI 10.1117/12.884885 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BVG10 UT WOS:000291441400019 ER PT S AU Wilcox, CC Wick, DV Soehnel, G Bagwell, BE Romeo, RC Martin, RN Baker, MS Breivik, NL Boyce, BL Martinez, T Restaino, SR AF Wilcox, Christopher C. Wick, David V. Soehnel, Grant Bagwell, Brett E. Romeo, Robert C. Martin, Robert N. Baker, Michael S. Breivik, Nicole L. Boyce, Brad L. Martinez, Ty Restaino, Sergio R. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Actuation for deformable thin-shelled composite mirrors SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications III CY APR 25-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB Thin-shelled composite mirrors have been recently proposed as both deformable mirrors for aberration correction and as variable radius-of-curvature mirrors for adaptive optical zoom. The requirements on actuation far surpass those for other MEMS or micro-machined deformable mirrors. We will discuss recent progress on developing the actuation for these mirrors, as well as potential applications. C1 [Wilcox, Christopher C.; Martinez, Ty; Restaino, Sergio R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wilcox, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chris.wilcox@nrl.navy.mil RI Boyce, Brad/H-5045-2012 OI Boyce, Brad/0000-0001-5994-1743 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-605-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8031 AR 80310N DI 10.1117/12.885542 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BVG10 UT WOS:000291441400020 ER PT S AU Blain, CA Linzell, RS Mckay, P AF Blain, Cheryl Ann Linzell, Robert S. McKay, Paul BE Hou, WW Arnone, R TI Merging Imagery and Models for River Current Prediction SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Ocean Sensing and Monitoring III CY APR 26-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE rivers; currents; models; edge detection; shoreline extraction; imagery; Snohomish River AB To meet the challenge of operating in river environments with denied access and to improve the riverine intelligence available to the warfighter, advanced high resolution river circulation models are combined with remote sensing feature extraction algorithms to produce a predictive capability for currents and water levels in rivers where a priori knowledge of the river environment is limited. A River Simulation Tool (RST) is developed to facilitate the rapid configuration of a river model. River geometry is extracted from the automated processing of available imagery while minimal user input is collected to complete the parameter and forcing specifications necessary to configure a river model. Contingencies within the RST accommodate missing data such as a lack of water depth information and allow for ensemble computations. Successful application of the RST to river environments is demonstrated for the Snohomish River, WA. Modeled currents compare favorably to in-situ currents reinforcing the value of the developed approach. C1 [Blain, Cheryl Ann; McKay, Paul] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Blain, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM cheryl.ann.blain@nrlssc.navy.mil; robert.linzell.ctr@nrlssc.navy.mil; paul.mckay@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-604-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8030 AR 80300H DI 10.1117/12.884100 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BVG11 UT WOS:000291442200016 ER PT S AU Gray, DJ AF Gray, Deric J. BE Hou, WW Arnone, R TI A plan for the polarimetric remote sensing of the oceans SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Ocean Sensing and Monitoring III CY APR 26-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Polarization; Remote Sensing; Aerosols; Hydrosols ID WATER AB Polarimetry has the potential to greatly enhance the capabilities of visible and near-IR remote sensing systems. For remote sensing of the oceans, the passive polarimetric signal is a complicated function of solar angle and viewing geometry, along with the confounding effects of the atmosphere. The atmospheric polarization signal becomes dominant as the sensor altitude increases, and this can lead to complications with ground truth measurements. The purpose of this study is to investigate the combined effects of solar and viewing geometries and sensor altitude to determine a strategy for polarimetric remote sensing of the oceans. A polarimetric radiative transfer code is used to model the nature of polarized light in a coupled atmosphere-ocean system. Viewing geometries are examined to find the look angles and azimuth angles relative to the sun that provide the maximum information about the ocean. The effect of sensor altitude is shown for different aerosol and hydrosol types and concentrations. Finally, the complications of ground truth measurements will be discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gray, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM deric.gray@nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-604-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8030 AR 803006 DI 10.1117/12.883089 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BVG11 UT WOS:000291442200005 ER PT S AU Hou, WL Woods, S Goode, W Jarosz, E Weidemann, A AF Hou, Weilin (Will) Woods, S. Goode, W. Jarosz, E. Weidemann, A. BE Hou, WW Arnone, R TI Impacts of optical turbulence on underwater imaging SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Ocean Sensing and Monitoring III CY APR 26-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE visibility; scattering; particles; turbulence; underwater imaging; MCM; OTF; MTF ID POLARIZATION; VISIBILITY AB Optical signal transmission underwater is of vital interests to both civilian and military applications. The range and signal to noise during the transmission, as a function of system and water optical properties determines the effectiveness of EO technology. These applications include diver visibility, search and rescue, mine detection and identification, and optical communications. The impact of optical turbulence on underwater imaging has been postulated and observed by many researchers. However, no quantative studies have been done until recently, in terms of both the environmental conditions, and impacts on image quality as a function of range and spatial frequencies. Image data collected from field measurements during SOTEX (Skaneateles Optical Turbulence Exercise, July 22-31, 2010) using the Image Measurement Assembly for Subsurface Turbulence (IMAST) are presented. Optical properties of the water column in the field were measured using WETLab's ac-9 and Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometer (LISST, Sequoia Scientific), in coordination with physical properties including CTD (Seabird), dissipation rate of kinetic energy and heat, using both the Vector velocimeter and CT combo (Nortek and PME), and shear probe based Vertical Microstructure Profiler (VMP, Rockland). The strong stratification structure in the water column provides great opportunity to observe various dissipation strengths throughout the water column, which corresponds directly with image quality as shown. Initial results demonstrate general agreement between data collected and model prediction, while discrepancies between measurements and model suggest higher spatial and temporal observations are needed in the future. C1 [Hou, Weilin (Will); Goode, W.; Jarosz, E.; Weidemann, A.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hou, WL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-604-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8030 AR 803009 DI 10.1117/12.883114 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BVG11 UT WOS:000291442200008 ER PT S AU Lee, KR Kim, AM Olsen, RC Kruse, FA AF Lee, Krista R. Kim, Angela M. Olsen, R. C. Kruse, Fred A. BE Hou, WW Arnone, R TI Using WorldView-2 to determine bottom-type and bathymetry SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Ocean Sensing and Monitoring III CY APR 26-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE WorldView-2; shallow water bathymetry; multispectral sensor ID WATER DEPTH; IMAGERY AB Observations taken from DigitalGlobe's WorldView-2 (WV-2) sensor were analyzed for bottom-type and bathymetry for data taken at Guam and Tinian in late February and early March of 2010. Classification of bottom type was done using supervised and unsupervised classification techniques. All eight of the multispectral bands were used. The supervised classification worked well based on ground truth collected on site. Bathymetric analysis was done using LiDAR-derived bathymetry in comparison with the multispectral imagery (MSI) data. The Red Edge (705-745 nm) band was used to correct for glint and general surface reflectance in the Blue (450-510 nm), Green (510-580 nm), and Yellow (585-625 nm) bands. For the Guam beach analyzed here, it was determined that the Green and Yellow bands were most effective for determining depth between 2.5 and 20 m. The Blue band was less effective. Shallow water with coral could also be identified. C1 [Lee, Krista R.; Kim, Angela M.; Olsen, R. C.; Kruse, Fred A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Remote Sensing, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Lee, KR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Remote Sensing, 1 Univ Way, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM krlee@nps.edu RI Olsen, Richard/O-2699-2015 OI Olsen, Richard/0000-0002-8344-9297 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-604-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8030 AR 80300D DI 10.1117/12.883578 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BVG11 UT WOS:000291442200012 ER PT S AU Mullen, L Cochenour, B Laux, A Alley, D AF Mullen, Linda Cochenour, Brandon Laux, Alan Alley, Derek BE Hou, WW Arnone, R TI Optical modulation techniques for underwater detection, ranging and imaging SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Ocean Sensing and Monitoring III CY APR 26-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Underwater imaging; laser imaging; optical modulation; optical communication ID SCATTERING ALBEDO; TURBID WATER; LASER IMAGER; LIGHT; POLARIZATION; PROPAGATION; SYSTEM AB The focus of this paper is to describe research being conducted at NAVAIR in Patuxent River, MD to improve optical detection, ranging and imaging in the underwater environment through the use of optical modulation techniques. The modulation provides a way to discriminate against unwanted scattered light that would otherwise reduce detection sensitivity. Another benefit of modulating the transmitted light is that coherent detection of the modulation envelope results in the ability to accurately measure the range to the underwater object. Ways to use the hardware and methods developed for the detection, ranging, and imaging scenario to satisfy other mission requirements are also being investigated. The requirements for the modulation scheme, modulation frequency, and laser characteristics (pulsed, continuous, optical power level) depend on the targeted application. The implementation of this optical modulation technique in a variety of underwater sensors has become possible due to recent advances in laser and receiver technology. A review of the work being done in this area of research will be presented, and results from laboratory experiments will be discussed. C1 [Mullen, Linda; Cochenour, Brandon; Laux, Alan; Alley, Derek] USN, Air Syst Command NAVAIR, EO & Special Mission Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Mullen, L (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command NAVAIR, EO & Special Mission Sensors Div, 22347 Cedar Point Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM linda.mullen@navy.mil NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-604-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8030 AR 803008 DI 10.1117/12.883493 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BVG11 UT WOS:000291442200007 ER PT S AU Patterson, KW Lamela, G AF Patterson, Karen W. Lamela, Gia BE Hou, WW Arnone, R TI Influence of aerosol estimation on coastal water products retrieved from HICO images SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Ocean Sensing and Monitoring III CY APR 26-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; remote sensing; ocean color AB The Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO (TM)) is a hyperspectral sensor which was launched to the International Space Station in September 2009. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has been developing the Coastal Water Signatures Toolkit (CWST) to estimate water depth, bottom type and water column constituents such as chlorophyll, suspended sediments and chromophoric dissolved organic matter from hyperspectral imagery. The CWST uses a look-up table approach, comparing remote sensing reflectance spectra observed in an image to a database of modeled spectra for pre-determined water column constituents, depth and bottom type. In order to successfully use this approach, the remote sensing reflectances must be accurate which implies accurately correcting for the atmospheric contribution to the HICO top of the atmosphere radiances. One tool the NRL is using to atmospherically correct HICO (TM) imagery is Correction of Coastal Ocean Atmospheres (COCOA), which is based on Tafkaa 6S. One of the user input parameters to COCOA is aerosol optical depth or aerosol visibility, which can vary rapidly over short distances in coastal waters. Changes to the aerosol thickness results in changes to the magnitude of the remote sensing reflectances. As such, the CWST retrievals for water constituents, depth and bottom type can be expected to vary in like fashion. This work is an illustration of the variability in CWST retrievals due to inaccurate aerosol thickness estimation during atmospheric correction of HICO (TM) images. C1 [Patterson, Karen W.; Lamela, Gia] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Patterson, KW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-604-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8030 AR 803005 DI 10.1117/12.883263 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BVG11 UT WOS:000291442200004 ER PT S AU Savelyev, IB Smith, GB AF Savelyev, Ivan B. Smith, Geoffrey B. BE Hou, WW Arnone, R TI Infrared imaging of surface waves interaction with a submerged object. SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Ocean Sensing and Monitoring III CY APR 26-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE infrared; thermal signature; surface waves; flow around obstacle; turbulence AB The goal of this study is to investigate thermal signatures left at the water surface by waves interacting with a submerged sphere. Two possible mechanisms for the appearance of detectable signatures are identified: 1) turbulence generated by the interaction of the wave's orbital motions and the sphere propagates away from the sphere and disturbs a pre-existing thermal gradient, and 2) the sphere is sufficiently close to the water surface to cause shoaling waves, which break and disturb the thermal gradient. In both cases if the existing thermal gradient and the turbulence intensity are 'strong enough' a detectable thermal signature will be left. In this laboratory study a high-resolution infrared camera was used to observe these temperature fluctuations for a variety of cases. Spheres of 3 different diameters were rigidly mounted at different depths and subjected to mechanically generated waves of varying amplitude. A set of critical conditions for the appearance of detectable signatures is identified and possible scalings are discussed. C1 [Savelyev, Ivan B.; Smith, Geoffrey B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Savelyev, IB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-604-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8030 AR 803007 DI 10.1117/12.886925 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BVG11 UT WOS:000291442200006 ER PT S AU Woods, S Hou, WL Goode, W Jarosz, E Weidemann, A AF Woods, Sarah Hou, Weilin Goode, Wesley Jarosz, Ewa Weidemann, Alan BE Hou, WW Arnone, R TI Quantifying turbulence microstructure for improvement of underwater imaging SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Ocean Sensing and Monitoring III CY APR 26-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE turbulence; kinetic energy dissipation; thermal dissipation; acoustic Doppler velocimeter; vertical microstructure profiler; underwater imaging AB Enhancing visibility through scattering media is important in many fields for gaining information from the scattering medium. In the ocean, in particular, enhancement of imaging and visibility is important for divers, navigation, robotics, and target and mine detection and classification. Light scattering from particulates and turbulence in the ocean strongly affects underwater visibility. The magnitude of this degrading effect depends upon the underwater environment, and can rapidly degrade the quality of underwater imaging under certain conditions. To facilitate study of the impact of turbulence upon underwater imaging and to check against our previously developed model, quantified observation of the image degradation concurrent with characterization of the turbulent flow is necessary, spanning a variety of turbulent strengths. Therefore, we present field measurements of turbulence microstructure from the July 2010 Skaneateles Optical Turbulence Exercise (SOTEX), during which images of a target were collected over a 5 m path length at various depths in the water column, concurrent with profiles of the turbulent strength, optical properties, temperature, and conductivity. Turbulence was characterized by the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation (TKED) and thermal dissipation (TD) rates, which were obtained using both a Rockland Scientific Vertical Microstructure Profiler (VMP) and a Nortek Vector velocimeter in combination with a PME CT sensor. While the two instrumental setups demonstrate reasonable agreement, some irregularities highlight the spatial and temporal variability of the turbulence field. Supplementary measurements with the Vector/CT in a controlled laboratory convective tank will shed additional light on the quantitative relationship between image degradation and turbulence strength. C1 [Woods, Sarah; Hou, Weilin; Goode, Wesley; Jarosz, Ewa; Weidemann, Alan] USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Woods, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM sarah.woods.ctr@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-604-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8030 AR 80300A DI 10.1117/12.887607 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BVG11 UT WOS:000291442200009 ER PT J AU Davis, MC Groshens, TJ AF Davis, Matthew C. Groshens, Thomas J. TI Synthesis of 1-[4-(3-Chlorobenzoyl)phenyl]-2-phenylacetylene SO ORGANIC PREPARATIONS AND PROCEDURES INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article C1 [Davis, Matthew C.; Groshens, Thomas J.] USN, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by an In-house Laboratory Independent Research award from the Office of Naval Research. Thanks to Ann M. Moorehead of the Technical Library for collecting reference 15. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0030-4948 J9 ORG PREP PROCED INT JI Org. Prep. Proced. Int. PY 2011 VL 43 IS 3 BP 314 EP 318 AR PII 938542333 DI 10.1080/00304948.2011.582010 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 776LM UT WOS:000291536300009 ER PT S AU Furstenberg, R Grosser, J Kendziora, CA Papantonakis, MR Nguyen, V McGill, RA AF Furstenberg, Robert Grosser, Jakob Kendziora, Christopher A. Papantonakis, Michael R. Viet Nguyen McGill, R. Andrew BE Safai, M Brown, JR TI Modeling of the Laser-Analyte-Substrate Interaction in Photo-thermal Infrared Imaging and Laser Trace Vaporization SO THERMOSENSE: THERMAL INFRARED APPLICATIONS XXXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Thermosense - Thermal Infrared Applications XXXIII CY APR 26-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE photo-thermal; stand-off detection; laser heating; trace vaporization; explosives; thermo-physical properties; microsphere; COMSOL ID PETN AB We are developing two techniques for non-contact detection of explosives and other substances with low vapor pressure. In one approach, quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) at eye-safe power levels heat trace residues on surfaces at stand-off distances and the photo-thermal signal is imaged with an infrared camera. When using wavelengths corresponding to vibrational resonances specific to the trace molecules, the traces can be selectively heated and become visible in the infrared. In a second approach, a QCL or other IR laser of higher power is used to enhance the vapor signature of the analyte, thus facilitating vapor-based (e. g. ion mobility spectrometry) techniques. Details and advances in these techniques will be reported elsewhere. In this paper, we study the laser heating of analytes on substrates using the simulation software COMSOL. A model is validated with experimental results for particles of well characterized shape and size. The heat transfer between particle and substrate is of special interest, but not necessarily the dominant contributor to heat loss. Both air-and substrate-mediated heating of neighboring interferent particles is generally negligible. The presence of neighboring explosives particles affects the thermal kinetics via air-mediated heat transfer. C1 [Furstenberg, Robert; Kendziora, Christopher A.; Papantonakis, Michael R.; Viet Nguyen; McGill, R. Andrew] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Furstenberg, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM robert.furstenberg@nrl.navy.mil RI Papantonakis, Michael/G-3888-2012 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-587-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8013 AR 801318 DI 10.1117/12.883471 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BVH40 UT WOS:000291560900032 ER PT J AU Zdanavicius, J Vrba, FJ Zdanavicius, K Straizys, V Boyle, RP AF Zdanavicius, J. Vrba, F. J. Zdanavicius, K. Straizys, V. Boyle, R. P. TI CCD PHOTOMETRY OF THE OPEN CLUSTER TOMBAUGH 5 IN THE VILNIUS SYSTEM SO BALTIC ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE stars: fundamental parameters; Galaxy: open clusters: individual (Tombaugh 5) ID PELICAN NEBULAE REGION; THEORETICAL ISOCHRONES; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; NORTH-AMERICA; INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; CAMELOPARDALIS DUST; YOUNG STARS; MILKY-WAY; CLASSIFICATION; ASSOCIATION AB We present the results of eight-color CCD photometry of 674 stars in the direction of the open cluster Tombaugh 5 in Camelopardalis. The stars are observed in the Vilnius system supplemented by the broad-band I filter; the field is of 22' diameter, the limiting magnitude is V = 17.7 mag. The catalog contains the coordinates, V magnitudes, seven color indices, two-dimensional spectral types determined from photometric parameters, interstellar extinctions and distances. The color-magnitude diagram plotted for 480 individually dereddened stars is used to identify cluster members and to determine the distance (1.74 kpc) and age (200-250 Myr) of the cluster. The faintest cluster stars classified are of spectral class G0. The cluster contains two blue stragglers of spectral classes B2-B4, both of them seem to be visual binaries. The extinction A(V) for the cluster stars is non-uniform, being spread between 2 and 3 mag, with a mean value of 2.42 mag. The extinction vs. distance dependence can be modeled by the Parenago exponential curve with two dust concentrations in the Camelopardalis dark clouds at about 150 pc and the Cam OB1 association clouds at 0.9-1.0 kpc. C1 [Zdanavicius, J.; Zdanavicius, K.; Straizys, V.] Vilnius Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Vrba, F. J.] USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. [Boyle, R. P.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Vatican Observ Res Grp, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Zdanavicius, J (reprint author), Vilnius Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, Gostauto 12, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. RI Boyle, Richard/G-7257-2012 NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST THEORETICAL PHYSICS ASTRONOMY PI MOLETAI PA MOLETAI LT-4150, LITHUANIA SN 1392-0049 J9 BALT ASTRON JI Balt. Astron. PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 1 EP 25 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 772MN UT WOS:000291238100001 ER PT J AU Blanken, LJ Lepore, JJ AF Blanken, Leo J. Lepore, Jason J. TI SLOWING DOWN TO KEEP THE LEAD IN MILITARY TECHNOLOGY SO DEFENCE AND PEACE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE technology diffusion; quolitative arms races; conventional force structure planning; weapons development ID BRITISH; REVOLUTION; FISHER; POLICY AB We develop a model of military technology competition among states. States can choose to introduce new military technology, mimic rivals' level of technology, or withdraw from the contest. States can choose to implement any level of technology within their current feasible technologies. We find that states with significant technological leads should sometimes withhold new technologies, only strategically releasing them to trump rivals' efforts. We develop the model by refining Admiral Jackie Fisher's roughly articulated concept of 'plunging'. We then use this refined argument to reanalyze the case of naval rivalries among European powers between the Crimean War and the First World War. Finally, we conclude by discussing the model's implications for current US military force structure planning. C1 [Lepore, Jason J.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Orfalea Coll Business, Dept Econ, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Blanken, Leo J.] USN, Dept Def Anal, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Lepore, JJ (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Orfalea Coll Business, Dept Econ, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. EM jlepore@calpoly.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1024-2694 J9 DEFENCE PEACE ECON JI Def. Peace Econ. PY 2011 VL 22 IS 3 BP 317 EP 334 DI 10.1080/10242694.2010.491675 PG 18 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 772PK UT WOS:000291246200004 ER PT J AU Freeman, M AF Freeman, Michael TI The Sources of Terrorist Financing: Theory and Typology SO STUDIES IN CONFLICT & TERRORISM LA English DT Article AB Terrorism costs money. Although the costs of specific operations may be relatively inexpensive, terrorist organizations require much larger budgets in order to function. But how do terrorist groups acquire funding? What explains the variation in the particular sources used by different groups? This article develops a theory of terrorist financing that identifies criteria by which we can evaluate the different sources of terrorist funding, particularly in terms of their advantages and disadvantages to the terrorist group. These criteria are then applied across a typology of four primary types of terrorist financing: state sponsorship, illegal activity, legal activity, and popular support. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Anal Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Freeman, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Anal Dept, 589 Dyer Rd,Code DA,Room 210, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mefreema@nps.edu NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1057-610X J9 STUD CONFL TERROR JI Stud. Confl. Terror. PY 2011 VL 34 IS 6 BP 461 EP 475 AR PII 937833752 DI 10.1080/1057610X.2011.571193 PG 15 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 769BE UT WOS:000290983200001 ER PT J AU Chase, MS AF Chase, Michael S. TI Chinese Suspicion and US Intentions SO SURVIVAL LA English DT Article AB No matter what assurances Washington provides, many in China are concerned that the United States is becoming increasingly uneasy about China's emergence and will try to prevent it. C1 USN, War Coll, Mahan Scholars Program, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Chase, MS (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Mahan Scholars Program, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0039-6338 EI 1468-2699 J9 SURVIVAL JI Survival PY 2011 VL 53 IS 3 BP 133 EP 150 AR PII 938096303 DI 10.1080/00396338.2011.586211 PG 18 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 772XI UT WOS:000291271100011 ER PT J AU Matei, FC Bruneau, T AF Matei, Florina Cristiana Bruneau, Thomas TI Intelligence reform in new democracies: factors supporting or arresting progress SO DEMOCRATIZATION LA English DT Article DE civil-military relations; democratization; intelligence and democracy; intelligence reform; democratization of intelligence; civilian control and oversight of intelligence; security sector reform ID AGENCIES; BRAZIL AB This article examines an important (and most problematic) component of the democratic civil-military relations (CMR) concept (understood in terms of democratic control, effectiveness, and efficiency of the armed forces, police forces, and intelligence agencies). It focuses (1) on the democratization of intelligence, that is finding a proper balance between intelligence effectiveness and transparency, and (2) on what particular factors support or arrest progress in the democratization of intelligence. The article provides supporting examples from Brazil and Romania, two developing democracies that have been undergoing major reforms of their intelligence systems for almost 20 years, in terms of both transparency and effectiveness. C1 [Matei, Florina Cristiana; Bruneau, Thomas] Ctr Civil Mil Relat CCMR, Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Bruneau, T (reprint author), Ctr Civil Mil Relat CCMR, Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM tbruneau@nps.edu NR 67 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1351-0347 EI 1743-890X J9 DEMOCRATIZATION JI Democratization PY 2011 VL 18 IS 3 BP 602 EP 630 AR PII 938001430 DI 10.1080/13510347.2011.586257 PG 29 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 768UQ UT WOS:000290964300002 ER PT J AU Allen, DR Douglass, AR Manney, GL Strahan, SE Krosschell, JC Trueblood, JV Nielsen, JE Pawson, S Zhu, Z AF Allen, D. R. Douglass, A. R. Manney, G. L. Strahan, S. E. Krosschell, J. C. Trueblood, J. V. Nielsen, J. E. Pawson, S. Zhu, Z. TI Modeling the Frozen-In Anticyclone in the 2005 Arctic Summer Stratosphere SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT MODEL; TRACE CONSTITUENTS; VERTICAL SHEAR; GMI CHEMISTRY; VARIABILITY; VARIANCE; VORTICES; SCHEMES; VORTEX; AIR AB Immediately following the breakup of the 2005 Arctic spring stratospheric vortex, a tropical air mass, characterized by low potential vorticity (PV) and high nitrous oxide (N(2)O), was advected poleward and became trapped in the easterly summer polar vortex. This feature, known as a "Frozen-In Anticyclone (FrIAC)", was observed in Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) data to span the potential temperature range from similar to 580 to 1100 K (similar to 25 to 40 km altitude) and to persist from late March to late August 2005. This study compares MLS N(2)O observations with simulations from the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) chemistry and transport model, the GEOS-5/MERRA Replay model, and the Van Leer Icosahedral Triangular Advection (VITA) isentropic transport model to elucidate the processes involved in the lifecycle of the FrIAC, which is here divided into three distinct phases. During the " spin-up phase" (March to early April), strong poleward flow resulted in a tight isolated anticyclonic vortex at similar to 70-90 degrees N, marked with elevated N(2)O. GMI, Replay, and VITA all reliably simulated the spin-up of the FrIAC, although the GMI and Replay peak N(2)O values were too low. The FrIAC became trapped in the developing summer easterly flow and circulated around the polar region during the " anticyclonic phase" (early April to the end of May). During this phase, the FrIAC crossed directly over the pole between 7 and 14 April. The VITA and Replay simulations transported the N(2)O anomaly intact during this crossing, in agreement with MLS, but unrealistic dispersion of the anomaly occurred in the GMI simulation due to excessive numerical mixing of the polar cap. The vortex associated with the FrIAC was apparently resistant to the weak vertical shear during the anticyclonic phase, and it thereby protected the embedded N(2)O anomaly from stretching. The vortex decayed in late May due to diabatic processes, leaving the N(2)O anomaly exposed to horizontal and vertical wind shears during the "shearing phase" (June to August). The observed lifetime of the FrIAC during this phase is consistent with timescales calculated from the ambient horizontal and vertical wind shear. Replay maintained the horizontal structure of the N(2)O anomaly similar to MLS well into August. Isentropic simulations using VITA also captured the horizontal structure of the FrIAC during this phase, but small-scale structures maintained by VITA are problematic and show that important mixing processes are absent from this single-level simulation. C1 [Allen, D. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Douglass, A. R.; Nielsen, J. E.; Pawson, S.; Zhu, Z.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Manney, G. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Manney, G. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Strahan, S. E.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Krosschell, J. C.; Trueblood, J. V.] Dordt Coll, Sioux Ctr, IA USA. [Nielsen, J. E.; Zhu, Z.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Allen, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM douglas.allen@nrl.navy.mil RI Douglass, Anne/D-4655-2012; Strahan, Susan/H-1965-2012; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014 OI Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X FU JPL [102330-622.56.16]; NASA [NNH09ZDA001N] FX The work was supported by a subcontract of JPL Project-Task 102330-622.56.16 and by the NASA ACMAP Program (NNH09ZDA001N). The authors would like to thank George Nakos for the triangular grid used for the VITA simulations in this study and two anonymous referees for helpful reviews. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 9 BP 4557 EP 4576 DI 10.5194/acp-11-4557-2011 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 764GT UT WOS:000290618600035 ER PT J AU Pietron, JJ Biffinger, JC Qadri, SB Rolison, DR AF Pietron, Jeremy J. Biffinger, Justin C. Qadri, Syed B. Rolison, Debra R. TI Electrocatalysis at Co-poly(difluoropyrrole) electrodeposited on Vulcan carbon supports: demonstration of halogenated polypyrrole as an electrocatalytic material SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; POLY(PHENYLENE OXIDE); DISK ELECTRODE; FUEL-CELLS; CATALYSTS; 3,4-DIFLUOROPYRROLE; POLYTHIOPHENE; PARTICLES; NANOTUBES; OXIDATION AB Halogenated polypyrroles are rendered significantly more stable against oxidative degradation than native polypyrrole and the electron-withdrawing substituents also permit tuning of the electronic state of coordinated catalytic metal ions. Poly(difluoropyrrole), or poly(dfp), was deposited on high-surface-area Vulcan carbon (VC) via bulk electrolytic oxidation of the monomer 3,4-difluoropyrrole at VC slurried in (n-C(4)H(9))(4)NClO(4)/acetonitrile; the carbon-supported polymer was subsequently metallated with cobalt(II) ions. As determined by thermal, micrographic, elemental, and chemical state analyses, the Co-poly(dfp)/VC composite is similar to 7 wt% poly(dfp) with the polymer inhomogeneously deposited over the Vulcan carbon, and the incorporated Co(II) ions coordinated by nitrogen atoms in the pyrrole moieties. Films of Co-poly(dfp)/VC cast on glassy carbon disk electrodes are electrocatalytically active for the two-electron reduction of oxygen in 0.1 M aqueous perchloric acid as assessed by hydrodynamic voltammetry, thereby demonstrating the viability of halogenated polypyrroles as electrocatalytic materials. C1 [Pietron, Jeremy J.; Biffinger, Justin C.; Qadri, Syed B.; Rolison, Debra R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pietron, JJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeremy.pietron@nrl.navymil; justin.biffinger@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank Dr Jeffrey W. Long (NRL) for useful discussions. Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 21 BP 7668 EP 7677 DI 10.1039/c1jm10393h PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 764YG UT WOS:000290670000021 ER PT J AU Stephenson, DE Walker, BC Skelton, CB Gorzkowski, EP Rowenhorst, DJ Wheeler, DR AF Stephenson, David E. Walker, Bryce C. Skelton, Cole B. Gorzkowski, Edward P. Rowenhorst, David J. Wheeler, Dean R. TI Modeling 3D Microstructure and Ion Transport in Porous Li-Ion Battery Electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RECONSTRUCTION; SIMULATION; CELL; CATHODES; ANODES AB This work combines experiments and computer models in order to understand the relationships between electrode microstructure and ionic transport resistances so that one may predict cell performance from fundamental principles. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) with focused ion beam (FIB) was used to image sections of commercially made porous electrodes utilizing LiCoO(2) active material. The images reveal the existence of discrete porous carbon domains in the microstructure. Further experiments indicated that these carbon domains are highly tortuous and restrict to a large degree the overall ion transport in the cathode. Two types of 3D models for correlating and predicting the electrode microstructure were explored. The first, known as the dynamic particle packing (DPP) model, is based on aggregates of spheres that move collectively in response to interparticle forces. The second is a stochastic grid (SG) model closely related to Monte Carlo techniques used in statistical physics to study cooperative and competitive phase behavior. The models use a small set of fundamental interdomain and bulk interaction parameters to generate structures from a given electrode mass composition and porosity. Both models were able to semi-quantitatively reproduce experimental tortuosity measurements of cathodes at different porosity values. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3579996] All rights reserved. C1 [Stephenson, David E.; Walker, Bryce C.; Skelton, Cole B.; Wheeler, Dean R.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Gorzkowski, Edward P.; Rowenhorst, David J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stephenson, DE (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM dean_wheeler@byu.edu RI Wheeler, Dean/G-5820-2013; Walker, Bryce/L-2041-2013 OI Walker, Bryce/0000-0002-8601-4686 FU Office of Naval Research [N000140510865] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under grant No. N000140510865. NR 29 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 10 U2 62 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 7 BP A781 EP A789 DI 10.1149/1.3579996 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 767QI UT WOS:000290870700001 ER PT J AU Lundquist, E AF Lundquist, Edward TI "CAPS: THE ONLY FACILITY OF ITS KIND IN THE WORLD." CENTER CHARGED WITH DEVELOPING POWER SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERS SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lundquist, Edward] USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2011 VL 123 IS 1 BP 15 EP 18 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2011.00312.x PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 754XN UT WOS:000289891300001 ER PT J AU Lundquist, E AF Lundquist, Edward TI ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS URGED TO SUPPORT EFFORT TO UPDATE ELECTRIC SHIP STANDARDS "CHANGE IS COMING"-PROFESSIONALS PLUG IN TO KEEP IEEE-45 CURRENT SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lundquist, Edward] USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2011 VL 123 IS 1 BP 19 EP 22 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2011.00315x PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 754XN UT WOS:000289891300002 ER PT J AU Ferrese, F Dong, Q Nataraj, N Biswas, S AF Ferrese, Frank Dong, Qing Nataraj, Nat Biswas, Saroj TI Optimal Feedback Control of Power Systems Using Eigenstructure Assignment and Particle Swarm Optimization SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The US Navy has a continuing interest and investment in basic and applied research in the area of automation and control. The potential naval applications for this research are numerous and wide ranging. The need for advances in control and automation systems exists from missile defense, to shipboard auxiliary systems, to naval aircraft, and virtually everywhere in between. This research is performed in industry, academia, and in naval laboratories across the nation. This paper will detail particular research in control theory being performed in the area of automation and controls in the naval laboratories. A particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to manipulate the state and control weighting matrices of a linear quadratic regulator to achieve an optimal control for a desired eigenstructure. The algorithm is demonstrated on a nonlinear power system model, and is found to be highly effective in the stabilization of the system output performance, showing both rapid convergence and a closed loop eigenstructure very close to the specified eigenstructure. C1 [Ferrese, Frank] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Nataraj, Nat] Villanova Univ, Coll Engn, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Biswas, Saroj] Temple Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Ferrese, F (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA USA. EM frank.ferrese@navy.mil; qing.dong@navy.mil; nataraj@villanova.edu; saroj.biswas@temple.edu FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Surface Warfare Center; Carderock Division FX The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research, and Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, whose support makes this research possible. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2011 VL 123 IS 1 BP 67 EP 75 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2010.00300.x PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 754XN UT WOS:000289891300008 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, A Chassignet, EP Bertino, L Brankart, JM Brasseur, P Chin, TM Counillon, F Cummings, JA Mariano, AJ Smedstad, OM Thacker, WC AF Srinivasan, A. Chassignet, E. P. Bertino, L. Brankart, J. M. Brasseur, P. Chin, T. M. Counillon, F. Cummings, J. A. Mariano, A. J. Smedstad, O. M. Thacker, W. C. TI A comparison of sequential assimilation schemes for ocean prediction with the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM): Twin experiments with static forecast error covariances SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Data assimilation; Ocean modeling; Ocean prediction; Twin experiments; Sequential assimilation; MVOI; EnOI; SEEK; ROIF; EnROIF ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; INEQUALITY CONSTRAINTS; VERTICAL COORDINATE; KALMAN FILTERS; INTERPOLATION; OCEANOGRAPHY; CIRCULATION; SYSTEMS; GODAE; ENKF AB We assess and compare four sequential data assimilation methods developed for HYCOM in an identical twin experiment framework. The methods considered are Multi-variate Optimal Interpolation (MVOI), Ensemble Optimal Interpolation (EnOI), the fixed basis version of the Singular Evolutive Extended Kalman Filter (SEEK) and the Ensemble Reduced Order Information Filter (EnROIF). All methods can be classified as statistical interpolation but differ mainly in how the forecast error covariances are modeled. Surface elevation and temperature data sampled from an 1/12 degrees Gulf of Mexico HYCOM simulation designated as the truth are assimilated into an identical model starting from an erroneous initial state, and convergence of assimilative runs towards the truth is tracked. Sensitivity experiments are first performed to evaluate the impact of practical implementation choices such as the state vector structure, initialization procedures, correlation scales, covariance rank and details of handling multivariate datasets, and to identify an effective configuration for each assimilation method. The performance of the methods are then compared by examining the relative convergence of the assimilative runs towards the truth. All four methods show good skill and are able to enhance consistency between the assimilative and truth runs in both observed and unobserved model variables. Prediction errors in observed variables are typically less than the errors specified for the observations, and the differences between the assimilated products are small compared to the observation errors. For unobserved variables, RMS errors are reduced by 50% relative to a non-assimilative run and differ between schemes on average by about 5%. Dynamical consistency between the updated state space variables in the data assimilation algorithm, and the data adequately sampling significant dynamical features are the two crucial components for reliable predict:ions. The experiments presented here suggest that practical implementation details can have at least as much an impact on the accuracy of the assimilated product as the choice of assimilation technique itself. We also present a discussion of the numerical implementation and the computational requirements for the use of these methods in large scale applications. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Srinivasan, A.; Mariano, A. J.] Univ Miami, RSMAS, MPO Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Srinivasan, A.] Univ Miami, Ctr Computat Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Chassignet, E. P.] Florida State Univ, COAPS, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Thacker, W. C.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Thacker, W. C.] Atlantic Meteorol & Oceanog Labs, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bertino, L.; Counillon, F.] Nansen Environm & Remote Sensing Ctr, Bergen, Norway. [Brankart, J. M.; Brasseur, P.] Lab Ecoulements Geophys & Ind, Grenoble, France. [Smedstad, O. M.] QinetiQ N Amer, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Cummings, J. A.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Chin, T. M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Srinivasan, A (reprint author), Univ Miami, RSMAS, MPO Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM asrinivasan@rsmas.miami.edu; echassignet@coaps.fsu.edu; laurent.bertino@nersc.no; Jean-Michel.Brankart@hmg.inpg.fr; Pierre.Brasseur@hmg.inpg.fr; tmchin@jpl.nasa.gov; francois.counillon@nersc.no; cummings@nrlmry.navy.mil; amariano@rsmas.miami.edu; smedstad@nrlsscs.r.avy.mil; thacker@amol.noaa.gov RI Thacker, Carlisle/I-3813-2013 OI Thacker, Carlisle/0000-0002-9285-8826 NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2011 VL 37 IS 3-4 BP 85 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.01.006 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 752OE UT WOS:000289701000002 ER PT S AU Gaume, R AF Gaume, R. BE Turon, C Meynadier, F Arenou, F TI LOOKING TOWARD THE FUTURE: TESTING NEW CONCEPTS SO GAIA: AT THE FRONTIERS OF ASTROMETRY SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Gaia at the Frontiers of Astrometry CY JUN 07-11, 2010 CL Sevres, FRANCE SP Observ Paris, ESA, CNES AB The Origins Billions Star Survey (OBSS) is a space astrometry mission that was funded by NASA in 2004 to perform an eight-month concept study. Although the OBSS mission was not selected for further development beyond the concept study phase, OBSS spawned a smaller-scale mission, called the Joint Milli-Arcsecond Pathfinder Survey (JMAPS), which is currently funded for launch in early 2014. JMAPS is a small, space-based, all-sky visible wavelength astrometric and photometric survey mission for 0(th) through 14(th) magnitude stars. The primary objective of the JMAPS mission is the generation of an astrometric star catalogue with better than 1 milliarcsecond positional accuracy and photometry to the 1% accuracy level, or better, at 1(st) to 12(th) magnitude. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Gaume, R (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-0608-9 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2011 VL 45 BP 143 EP 146 DI 10.1051/eas/1045025 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUG58 UT WOS:000289226200025 ER PT J AU Warner, KF Granholm, RH AF Warner, Kirstin F. Granholm, Richard H. TI Synthesis of Insensitive 5,5 '-Azotetrazolate Salts SO JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE 5,5 '-azotetrazolate salts; energetic salts; explosives; high nitrogen AB Salts of 5,5'-azotetrazolate with 5-aminotetrazole and 2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine cations were synthesized as potential ingredients for gun propellants. These salts were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared spectroscopy. Thermal properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Their reactions to mechanical stimuli were also determined by small-scale sensitivity testing, small-scale shock reactivity testing, and small-scale internal blast testing. C1 [Warner, Kirstin F.; Granholm, Richard H.] USN, Indian Head Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Warner, KF (reprint author), USN, Indian Head Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, 4104 Evans Way,Suite 102, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM kirstin.warner@navy.mil FU IHD; NSWC FX Financial support was provided by IHD, NSWC CORE Program. Dr. Daniel N. Sorensen provided the DSC data. Daniel L. Remmers provided small-scale safety data. Sodium 5,5'-azotetrazolate salt was provided by Jerry Salan. Dr. Christine Michienzi was a source of helpful discussions. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0652 EI 1545-8822 J9 J ENERG MATER JI J. Energ. Mater. PY 2011 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1080/07370652.2010.490255 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 747VT UT WOS:000289349600001 ER PT J AU Goldstein, LJ AF Goldstein, Lyle J. TI Resetting the US-China Security Relationship SO SURVIVAL LA English DT Article AB Some tensions are natural as China rises, but to continue without a strong bilateral process for developing military trust and cooperation is to court disaster. C1 USN, War Coll, CMSI, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Goldstein, LJ (reprint author), USN, War Coll, CMSI, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0039-6338 EI 1468-2699 J9 SURVIVAL JI Survival PY 2011 VL 53 IS 2 BP 89 EP 115 AR PII 935792605 DI 10.1080/00396338.2011.571014 PG 27 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 746LY UT WOS:000289249600009 ER PT J AU Yoshihara, T Holmes, JR AF Yoshihara, Toshi Holmes, James R. TI Can China Defend a oCore Interesto in the South China Sea? SO WASHINGTON QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 [Yoshihara, Toshi; Holmes, James R.] USN, War Coll, Monterey, CA USA. RP Yoshihara, T (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Monterey, CA USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 7 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0163-660X EI 1530-9177 J9 WASH QUART JI Wash. Q. PY 2011 VL 34 IS 2 BP 45 EP 59 AR PII 935255513 DI 10.1080/0163660X.2011.562082 PG 15 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 742OP UT WOS:000288954300003 ER PT J AU Barnett, JE Johnson, WB AF Barnett, Jeffrey E. Johnson, W. Brad TI Integrating Spirituality and Religion Into Psychotherapy: Persistent Dilemmas, Ethical Issues, and a Proposed Decision-Making Process SO ETHICS & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE religion; spirituality; psychotherapy; ethics; decision making ID INFORMED-CONSENT; PSYCHOLOGISTS; RELIGION/SPIRITUALITY; PRINCIPLES; GUIDELINES; VALUES; HEALTH; WORK AB Religion and spirituality are important aspects of the lives of most psychotherapy clients. Unfortunately, many psychotherapists lack the training to effectively and ethically address these issues with their clients. At times, religious or spiritual concerns may be relevant to the reasons clients seek treatment, either as areas of conflict or distress for clients or as sources of strength and support that the psychotherapist may access to enhance the benefit of psychotherapy. This article reviews persistent ethical issues and dilemmas relevant to providing psychotherapy to clients for whom issues of religion and spirituality are clinically relevant. Ethical considerations include assessment, advertising and public statements, informed consent, competence, boundary issues and multiple relationships, cooperation with other professionals, and how to effectively integrate religious and spiritual interventions into ongoing psychotherapy. A decision-making process is presented to guide psychotherapists in their clinical work with clients for whom religious and spiritual issues are salient or clearly linked to their presenting problems. C1 [Barnett, Jeffrey E.] Loyola Univ Maryland, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. [Johnson, W. Brad] USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Barnett, JE (reprint author), Loyola Univ Maryland, Dept Psychol, 4501 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. EM jbarnett@loyola.edu OI Barnett, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0664-4168 NR 52 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 18 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1050-8422 EI 1532-7019 J9 ETHICS BEHAV JI Ethics Behav. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 2 BP 147 EP 164 AR PII 935302861 DI 10.1080/10508422.2011.551471 PG 18 WC Ethics; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology GA 742QI UT WOS:000288959100005 ER PT J AU Broussard, RP Ives, RW AF Broussard, Randy P. Ives, Robert W. TI Improving identification accuracy on low resolution and poor quality iris images using an artificial neural network-based matching metric SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING LA English DT Article ID RECOGNITION AB The iris is currently believed to be one of the most accurate biometrics for human identification. The majority of fielded iris identification systems use fractional Hamming distance to compare a new feature template to a stored database. Fractional Hamming distance is extremely fast, but mathematically weights all regions of the iris equally. Research has shown that different regions of the iris contain varying levels of discriminatory information when using circular boundary assumptions. This research evaluates four statistical metrics for accuracy improvements on low resolution and poor quality images. Each metric statistically weights iris regions in an attempt to use the iris information in a more intelligent manner. A similarity metric extracted from the output stage of an artificial neural net-work demonstrated the most promise. Experiments were performed using occluded, subsampled, and motion blurred images from the CASIA, University of Bath, and ICE 2005 databases. The neural network-based metric improved accuracy at nearly every operating point. (C) 2011 SPIE and IS&T. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3549886] C1 [Broussard, Randy P.] USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Ives, Robert W.] USN Acad, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Broussard, RP (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IS&T & SPIE PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1017-9909 EI 1560-229X J9 J ELECTRON IMAGING JI J. Electron. Imaging PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 AR 013013 DI 10.1117/1.3549886 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 741VI UT WOS:000288893200015 ER PT J AU Rakvic, RN Ives, RW Lira, J Molina, C AF Rakvic, Ryan N. Ives, Robert W. Lira, Javier Molina, Carlos TI Case for a field-programmable gate array multicore hybrid machine for an image-processing application SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING LA English DT Article AB General purpose computer designers have recently begun adding cores to their processors in order to increase performance. For example, Intel has adopted a homogeneous quad-core processor as a base for general purpose computing. PlayStation3 (PS3) game consoles contain a multicore heterogeneous processor known as the Cell, which is designed to perform complex image processing algorithms at a high level. Can modern image-processing algorithms utilize these additional cores? On the other hand, modern advancements in configurable hardware, most notably field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have created an interesting question for general purpose computer designers. Is there a reason to combine FPGAs with multicore processors to create an FPGA multicore hybrid general purpose computer? Iris matching, a repeatedly executed portion of a modern iris-recognition algorithm, is parallelized on an Intel-based homogeneous multicore Xeon system, a heterogeneous multicore Cell system, and an FPGA multicore hybrid system. Surprisingly, the cheaper PS3 slightly outperforms the Intel-based multicore on a core-for-core basis. However, both multicore systems are beaten by the FPGA multicore hybrid system by > 50%. (C) 2011 SPIE and IS&T. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3553798] C1 [Rakvic, Ryan N.; Ives, Robert W.] USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Lira, Javier; Molina, Carlos] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Comp Architecture Dept, Barcelona, Spain. RP Rakvic, RN (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM rakvic@usna.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IS&T & SPIE PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1017-9909 EI 1560-229X J9 J ELECTRON IMAGING JI J. Electron. Imaging PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 AR 013015 DI 10.1117/1.3553798 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 741VI UT WOS:000288893200017 ER PT J AU Compaine, B Cunningham, B AF Compaine, Benjamin Cunningham, Brendan TI Bundling, Books, and Trust SO JOURNAL OF MEDIA ECONOMICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cunningham, Brendan] USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7764 J9 J MEDIA ECON JI J. Media Econ. PY 2011 VL 24 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 AR PII 934637157 DI 10.1080/08997764.2011.549422 PG 5 WC Communication; Economics SC Communication; Business & Economics GA 733ON UT WOS:000288272200001 ER PT J AU Snider, KF AF Snider, Keith F. TI On the Problem of Adopting Pragmatism in Public Administration SO ADMINISTRATION & SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE pragmatism; public administration theory AB Answering the question, "Should public administration adopt pragmatism?" requires some agreement on what pragmatism means and what that adoption might entail. This article argues that such agreement does not currently exist and, without it, calls by administrative theorists for adoption will not receive their intended responses. C1 USN, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Snider, KF (reprint author), USN, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Postgrad Sch, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ksnider@nps.edu NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-3997 J9 ADMIN SOC JI Adm. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 43 IS 1 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.1177/0095399710393304 PG 9 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 728AV UT WOS:000287846900007 ER PT J AU Tucker, JD Azimi-Sadjadi, MR AF Tucker, J. Derek Azimi-Sadjadi, Mahmood R. TI Coherence-Based Underwater Target Detection From Multiple Disparate Sonar Platforms SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Binary hypothesis testing; disparate sensor platforms; two-channel coherence analysis; underwater target detection ID CLASSIFICATION; IMAGERY; MINES AB This paper explores the use of multichannel coherence as a tool for detection of underwater targets from imagery captured from multiple disparate sonar systems. The use of multiple disparate sonars allows one to exploit a high-resolution sonar with good target definition while taking advantage of the clutter suppression abilities of a low-resolution broadband (BB) sonar coregistered over the same region to provide much better detection performance comparing to those of the single-sonar cases. In this paper, the standard Neyman-Pearson detector is extended to the dual disparate sonar case allowing target detection across two sensory channels simultaneously. A novel distributed detection system is also developed that exploits the use of multiple dual-sonar detectors for multiplatform target detection. Test results of the proposed detection methods are also presented on an underwater synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) imagery database containing data from three different imaging sonars operating at three different frequencies and resolutions. Test results illustrating the effectiveness of different coherent-based detection systems will be presented and benchmarked against those of two other detection methods in terms of probability of detection, false alarm rate, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Performance gains of about 23% in probability of detection were achieved over the benchmarked methods. C1 [Tucker, J. Derek; Azimi-Sadjadi, Mahmood R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Tucker, JD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. EM james.d.tucker@navy.mil; azimi@engr.colostate.edu OI Tucker, James/0000-0001-8844-2169 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-08-1-0142] FX Manuscript received June 30, 2009; revised July 20, 2010; accepted November 15, 2010. Date of publication January 20, 2011; date of current version March 18, 2011. This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) under Contract N00014-08-1-0142. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 36 IS 1 BP 37 EP 51 DI 10.1109/JOE.2010.2094230 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 739AF UT WOS:000288683100004 ER PT J AU Clark, CA AF Clark, Cathy Ann TI A Normal Mode Solution for Low-Frequency Bottom-Refracted Wave Propagation SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Acoustics; bottom sediment propagation; normal modes; underwater sound propagation; wave equation AB A normal mode solution for low-frequency bottom-sediment-refracted wave propagation is formulated for use with a normal mode method of solving the Helmholtz wave equation to describe the underwater sound field for a fixed point source in a plane multilayered medium. The approach utilizes a factorization of the Wronskian of Green's function which enables sediment reflecting and refracting modes to be summed independently. The sensitivity of propagation loss to the nature of mode interaction with the bottom is investigated for multiple frequencies in a sample environment, and results are compared to measurements of 100-Hz bottom returns in the Caribbean Basin. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Clark, CA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM cathy.clark@navy.mil FU Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Newport [FY09] FX Manuscript received August 18, 2009; revised July 13, 2010; accepted October 26, 2010. Date of publication January 28, 2011; date of current version March 18, 2011. This work was supported in part by the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Newport under an FY09 Strategic Initiative. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 36 IS 1 BP 105 EP 113 DI 10.1109/JOE.2010.2090619 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 739AF UT WOS:000288683100009 ER PT J AU Anderson, JMM Jackson, AD Martin, HG Schubert, JG AF Anderson, John M. M. Jackson, Aaron D. Martin, Hayden G. Schubert, John G. TI NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF NAVAL MUNITIONS USING X-RAY CT SO RESEARCH IN NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE Image reconstruction; maximum likelihood; nondestructive evaluation; X-ray computed tomograph ID TRANSMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; ALGORITHMS AB In this manuscript, we present experimental results from a nondestructive evaluation (NDE) system that is being used to inspect naval munition components, such as missile rocket motors. The X-ray computed tomograph-based NDE (CT-NDE) system was developed by the NDE group at the Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) in Indian Head, MD. The maximum likelihood (ML) method has been used successfully to reconstruct transmission images in a medical imaging modality known as positron emission tomography. Motivated by this fact, we use the ML method to reconstruct transmission images for the CT-NDE system at the Indian Head Division, NSWC and investigate its performance using experimental studies. From these studies, we preliminarily conclude that the ML method reconstructs transmission images with good quantitative accuracy and significant detail, even when there is limited angular sampling. C1 [Anderson, John M. M.; Jackson, Aaron D.] Howard Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Martin, Hayden G.; Schubert, John G.] USN, Nondestruct Evaluatin Grp, Indian Head Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD USA. RP Anderson, JMM (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM j_m_anderson@howard.edu FU DoD [DMN-KY6-001] FX John Anderson and Aaron Jackson were partially supported by DoD Grant DMN-KY6-001. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0934-9847 J9 RES NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI Res. Nondestruct. Eval. PY 2011 VL 22 IS 1 BP 16 EP 30 DI 10.1080/09349847.2010.517618 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 742SN UT WOS:000288964900002 ER PT J AU Chang, Y Hammond, D Haza, AC Hogan, P Huntley, HS Kirwan, AD Lipphardt, BL Taillandier, V Griffa, A Ozgokmen, TM AF Chang, Y. Hammond, D. Haza, A. C. Hogan, P. Huntley, H. S. Kirwan, A. D., Jr. Lipphardt, B. L., Jr. Taillandier, V. Griffa, A. Oezgoekmen, T. M. TI Enhanced estimation of sonobuoy trajectories by velocity reconstruction with near-surface drifters SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Lagrangian data assimilation; Predictability; Drifter trajectories ID LAGRANGIAN DATA ASSIMILATION; OCEANIC FLOW CHARACTERISTICS; HYBRID GRID/PARTICLE FILTER; PACIFIC-OCEAN; CIRCULATION; EQUATION; MODEL; DECOMPOSITION; SYSTEM; SEA AB An investigation to improve trajectory prediction using Lagrangian data is presented. The velocity field of a data assimilating model, EAS-16, is corrected using drifter observations taken during an experiment off Taiwan. The results are tested using another independent Lagrangian data set provided by sonobuoys launched in the same area. The latter have instrument chains that extend well into the water column. Consequently the corrected model velocities were projected into the water column in order to calculate sonobuoy trajectories. The drifter and sonobuoy trajectories both show two distinct regimes in the considered area of approximately 1/2 degrees square. One regime is dominated by shelf dynamics, the other by meandering of the Kuroshio, with a sharp boundary dividing the two. These two regimes are not reproduced by the trajectories of the EAS-16 model. When the drifter data are blended with the model velocities, synthetic sonobuoy trajectories track the observed ones much better, and the two regimes are clearly depicted. Two different methods for the velocity reconstruction are tested. One is based on a variational approach and the other on a normal mode decomposition. Both methods show qualitatively similar improvements in the prediction of sonobuoys trajectories, with a quantitative improvement in the total rms error of approximately 50% and 25%, respectively. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chang, Y.; Haza, A. C.; Griffa, A.; Oezgoekmen, T. M.] Univ Miami, RSMAS MPO, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hammond, D.] Adv Avion Inc, Warminster, PA 18974 USA. [Hogan, P.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Huntley, H. S.; Kirwan, A. D., Jr.; Lipphardt, B. L., Jr.] Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Taillandier, V.] CNRS, Lab Oceanol Villefranche, F-75700 Paris, France. [Griffa, A.] ISMAR CNR, La Spezia, Italy. RP Ozgokmen, TM (reprint author), Univ Miami, RSMAS MPO, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ychang@rsmas.miami.edu; david.s.hammond@earthlink.net; ahaza@rsmas.miami.edu; patrick.hogan@nrlssc.navy.mil; helgah@UDel.Edu; adk@udel.edu; brucel@UDel.Edu; taillandier@obs-vlfr.fr; agriffa@rsmas.miami.edu; tozgokmen@rsmas.miami.edu RI CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014 OI CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-1-0730, N00173-08-1-GOO9, N00014-09-10559, N00014-09-1-0703]; University of Delaware [N00014-05-1-0094, N00014-05-1-0095] FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research under grants N00014-07-1-0730, N00173-08-1-GOO9, N00014-09-10559, N00014-09-1-0703 and the Mary A. S. Lighthipe endowment to the University of Delaware, N00014-05-1-0094 and N00014-05-1-0095 to RSMAS. The authors would like to thank Kevin Williams and Manny Fiedeiro for supporting this effort, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that helped significantly improve the manuscript. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2011 VL 36 IS 3-4 BP 179 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.11.002 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 736UQ UT WOS:000288520900001 ER PT J AU Usoskin, IG Kovaltsov, GA Mironova, IA Tylka, AJ Dietrich, WF AF Usoskin, I. G. Kovaltsov, G. A. Mironova, I. A. Tylka, A. J. Dietrich, W. F. TI Ionization effect of solar particle GLE events in low and middle atmosphere SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GALACTIC COSMIC-RAYS; 20 JANUARY 2005; EARTHS ATMOSPHERE; PROTON EVENTS; MODULATION; SPECTRA; SHOCKS; MODEL AB Using a new reconstruction of the solar proton energy spectra for Ground Level Enhancement (GLE) events, based on fits to measurements from ground-based and satellite-borne instruments covering a wide energy range, we quantitatively evaluate the possible ionization effects in the low and middle atmosphere for 58 out of the 66 GLE events recorded by the world-wide neutron monitor network since 1956. The ionization computations are based on the numerical 3D CRAC:CRII model. A table of the ionization effect caused by the GLE events at different atmospheric heights is provided. It is shown that the direct ionization effect is negligible or even negative, due to the accompanying Forbush decreases, in all low- and mid-latitude regions. The ionization effect is important only in the polar atmosphere, where it can be dramatic in the middle and upper atmosphere (above 30 km) during major GLE events. C1 [Usoskin, I. G.] Univ Oulu, Sodankyla Geophys Observ, Oulu Unit, Oulu, Finland. [Kovaltsov, G. A.] AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Mironova, I. A.] St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. [Tylka, A. J.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dietrich, W. F.] Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Usoskin, IG (reprint author), Univ Oulu, Sodankyla Geophys Observ, Oulu Unit, Oulu, Finland. EM ilya.usoskin@oulu.fi RI Mironova, Irina/I-1663-2012; Usoskin, Ilya/E-5089-2014; Kovaltsov, Gennady/F-5191-2014; Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 OI Mironova, Irina/0000-0003-4437-834X; Usoskin, Ilya/0000-0001-8227-9081; FU Academy of Finland; Presidium RAS [N16-3-5.4]; NASA [DPR NNH09AL11I]; St. Petersburg State University [11.37.26.2011] FX Support from the Academy of Finland is acknowledged. GAK was partly supported by the Program of Presidium RAS N16-3-5.4. AJT and WFD were supported by the NASA Living with A Star Targeted Research and Technology Program, under DPR NNH09AL11I. IM acknowledges grant 11.37.26.2011 of St. Petersburg State University. This work was performed in relation with the international Programmes CAWSES-II and ISSI. NR 46 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1979 EP 1988 DI 10.5194/acp-11-1979-2011 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 734VS UT WOS:000288368900009 ER PT J AU Breakah, TM Bausano, JP Williams, RC Vitton, S AF Breakah, Tamer M. Bausano, Jason P. Williams, R. Christopher Vitton, Stan TI The impact of fine aggregate characteristics on asphalt concrete pavement design life SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAVEMENT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE asphalt concrete; fine aggregate angularity; aggregate source; aggregate gradation; MEPDG; pavement design life AB The development of the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) provides an opportunity to simulate the performance of pavements. This paper considers the impact of fine aggregate on the predicted performances of pavements by simulating the performance differences between pavement mixes prepared with different sources of fine aggregate with different gradations using the MEPDG. A natural and four manufactured sands from parent material consisting of dolomite, limestone, traprock (TR) and a glacial gravel (GG), and five gradations were utilised in this study. This resulted in 19 different sand/stone combinations being tested for dynamic modulus to enable level 1 analysis in the MEPDG. The results indicate that the fine aggregate angularity (FAA) test adequately ranks aggregates from the same source, but does not appropriately rank aggregates from different sources. TR and GG were identified as the best performers within the investigated aggregate sources and that the FAA, aggregate source and gradation are not significant in determining mixture performance. C1 [Breakah, Tamer M.; Williams, R. Christopher] Iowa State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bausano, Jason P.] USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA USA. [Vitton, Stan] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Breakah, TM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM breakah@aucegypt.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1029-8436 J9 INT J PAVEMENT ENG JI Int. J. Pavement Eng. PY 2011 VL 12 IS 2 BP 101 EP 109 AR PII 918918474 DI 10.1080/10298430903578937 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 733OU UT WOS:000288273000001 ER PT J AU Davis, MC Groshens, TJ AF Davis, Matthew C. Groshens, Thomas J. TI Synthesis of p-Quinquephenyl from E,E-1,4-Bis(4-bromophenyl)-1,3-butadiene SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Diels-Alder reaction; oxidative decarboxylation; p-quinquephenyl; p-terphenyl; Suzuki reaction ID CIS-DIHYDROCATECHOL; DERIVATIVES; POLY(P-PHENYLENE); POLYPHENYLENE; ALCOHOLS; SERIES; ACID AB p-Quinquephenyl was synthesized in five steps from E,E-1,4-bis(4-bromophenyl)-1,3-butadiene in 34% overall yield. The butadiene was prepared in six steps from 4-bromobenzaldehyde in 35% overall yield. C1 [Davis, Matthew C.; Groshens, Thomas J.] USN, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil FU In-House Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) of the Research and Intelligence Department (NAWCWD) FX The financial support from the In-House Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) program of the Research and Intelligence Department (NAWCWD) is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks to Dan E. Bliss (NAWCWD) for assistance with the differential scanning calorimeter experiment. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 EI 1532-2432 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2011 VL 41 IS 2 BP 206 EP 218 AR PII 931255073 DI 10.1080/00397910903533991 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 695QL UT WOS:000285387600007 ER PT J AU Wang, S O'Neill, LW Jiang, Q de Szoeke, SP Hong, X Jin, H Thompson, WT Zheng, X AF Wang, S. O'Neill, L. W. Jiang, Q. de Szoeke, S. P. Hong, X. Jin, H. Thompson, W. T. Zheng, X. TI A regional real-time forecast of marine boundary layers during VOCALS-REx SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUBTROPICAL SOUTHEAST PACIFIC; LOW-LEVEL JET; FRACTIONAL CLOUDINESS; PART I; CUMULUS CONVECTION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; MODEL SIMULATIONS; STRATIFORM CLOUD; MESOSCALE MODEL; DIURNAL CYCLE AB This paper presents an evaluation and validation of the Naval Research Laboratory's COAMPS (c) real-time forecasts during the VOCALS-REx over the area off the west coast of Chile/Peru in the Southeast Pacific during October and November 2008. The analyses focus on the marine boundary layer (MBL) structure. These forecasts are compared with lower troposphere soundings, in situ surface measurements, and satellite observations. The predicted mean MBL cloud and surface wind spatial distributions are in good agreement with the satellite observations. The large-scale longitudinal variation of the MBL structure along 20 degrees S is captured by the forecasts. That is, the MBL height increases westward toward the open ocean, the moisture just above the inversion decreases, and the MBL structure becomes more decoupled offshore. The observed strong wind shear across the cloud-top inversion near 20 degrees S was correctly predicted by the model. The model's cloud spatial and temporal distribution in the 15 km grid mesh is sporadic compared to satellite observations. Our results suggest that this is caused by grid-scale convection likely due to a lack of a shallow cumulus convection parameterization in the model. Both observations and model forecasts show wind speed maxima near the top of MBL along 20 degrees S, which is consistent with the westward upslope of the MBL heights based on the thermal wind relationship. The forecasts produced well-defined diurnal variations in the spatially-averaged MBL structure, although the overall signal is weaker than those derived from the in situ measurements and satellite data. The MBL heights are generally underpredicted in the nearshore area. An analysis of the sensitivity of the MBL height to horizontal and vertical grid resolution suggests that the underprediction is likely associated with overprediction of the mesoscale downward motion and cold advection near the coast. C1 [Wang, S.; Jiang, Q.; Hong, X.; Jin, H.; Thompson, W. T.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [O'Neill, L. W.] USN, Natl Res Council, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [de Szoeke, S. P.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Zheng, X.] Univ Miami, RSMA, Miami, FL USA. RP Wang, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. EM shouping.wang@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Zheng, Xue/F-9988-2016 OI Zheng, Xue/0000-0002-9372-1776 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [0602435N]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0749011] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under Program Element (PE) 0602435N and by the National Science Foundation (ATM-0749011). The first author thanks the NRL COAMPS-On Scene group for their support for the COAMPS forecasts during VOCALS-REx. COAMPS (R) is a registered trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 BP 421 EP 437 DI 10.5194/acp-11-421-2011 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 713GE UT WOS:000286722300001 ER PT J AU Chen, G Ziemba, LD Chu, DA Thornhill, KL Schuster, GL Winstead, EL Diskin, GS Ferrare, RA Burton, SP Ismail, S Kooi, SA Omar, AH Slusher, DL Kleb, MM Reid, JS Twohy, CH Zhang, H Anderson, BE AF Chen, G. Ziemba, L. D. Chu, D. A. Thornhill, K. L. Schuster, G. L. Winstead, E. L. Diskin, G. S. Ferrare, R. A. Burton, S. P. Ismail, S. Kooi, S. A. Omar, A. H. Slusher, D. L. Kleb, M. M. Reid, J. S. Twohy, C. H. Zhang, H. Anderson, B. E. TI Observations of Saharan dust microphysical and optical properties from the Eastern Atlantic during NAMMA airborne field campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL SCATTER/BACKSCATTER NEPHELOMETER; AEROSOL-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SEA-SALT AEROSOLS; MINERAL DUST; PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTICS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; HIGH-SENSITIVITY; SAMUM 2006; ART. AB As part of the international project entitled "African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA)", NAMMA (NASA AMMA) aimed to gain a better understanding of the relationship between the African Easterly Waves (AEWs), the Sahara Air Layer (SAL), and tropical cyclogenesis. The NAMMA airborne field campaign was based out of the Cape Verde Islands during the peak of the hurricane season, i.e., August and September 2006. Multiple Sahara dust layers were sampled during 62 encounters in the eastern portion of the hurricane main development region, covering both the eastern North Atlantic Ocean and the western Saharan desert (i.e., 5-22 degrees N and 10-35 degrees W). The centers of these layers were located at altitudes between 1.5 and 3.3 km and the layer thickness ranged from 0.5 to 3 km. Detailed dust microphysical and optical properties were characterized using a suite of in-situ instruments aboard the NASA DC-8 that included a particle counter, an Ultra-High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer, an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer, a nephelometer, and a Particle Soot Absorption Photometer. The NAAMA sampling inlet has a size cut (i.e., 50% transmission efficiency size) of approximately 4 mu m in diameter for dust particles, which limits the representativeness of the NAMMA observational findings. The NAMMA dust observations showed relatively low particle number densities, ranging from 268 to 461 cm(-3), but highly elevated volume density with an average at 45 mu m(3) cm(-3). NAMMA dust particle size distributions can be well represented by tri-modal lognormal regressions. The estimated volume median diameter (VMD) is averaged at 2.1 mu m with a small range of variation regardless of the vertical and geographical sampling locations. The Angstrom Exponent assessments exhibited strong wavelength dependence for absorption but a weak one for scattering. The single scattering albedo was estimated at 0.97 +/- 0.02. The imaginary part of the refractive index for Sahara dust was estimated at 0.0022, with a range from 0.0015 to 0.0044. Closure analysis showed that observed scattering coefficients are highly correlated with those calculated from spherical Mie-Theory and observed dust particle size distributions. These values are generally consistent with literature values reported from studies with similar particle sampling size range. C1 [Chen, G.; Ziemba, L. D.; Thornhill, K. L.; Schuster, G. L.; Winstead, E. L.; Diskin, G. S.; Ferrare, R. A.; Burton, S. P.; Ismail, S.; Kooi, S. A.; Omar, A. H.; Kleb, M. M.; Anderson, B. E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Ziemba, L. D.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chu, D. A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Thornhill, K. L.; Winstead, E. L.; Burton, S. P.; Kooi, S. A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Slusher, D. L.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Conway, SC 29528 USA. [Reid, J. S.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Twohy, C. H.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Zhang, H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Chen, G (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM gao.chen@nasa.gov RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Omar, Ali/D-7102-2017 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Omar, Ali/0000-0003-1871-9235 FU NASA; Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program; Tropospheric Chemistry Program; NASA Radiation Sciences; ONR 32 FX This work was supported by the NASA Radiation Science Program, Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program, and Tropospheric Chemistry Program. Dr. Reid's participation was funded by NASA Radiation Sciences and ONR 32. The authors would like to thank the DC-8 crew and the NAMMA science team for making this work possible. NR 53 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 BP 723 EP 740 DI 10.5194/acp-11-723-2011 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 713GE UT WOS:000286722300022 ER PT J AU Pandya, R Smith, D Ackerman, SA Brahma, PP Charlevoix, DJ Foster, SQ Gaertner, VK Lee, TF Hayes, MJ Mostek, A Murillo, ST Murphy, KA Olsen, L Stanitski, DM Whittaker, T AF Pandya, Rajul Smith, David Ackerman, Steven A. Brahma, Priti P. Charlevoix, Donna J. Foster, Susan Q. Gaertner, Volker Karl Lee, Thomas F. Hayes, Marianne J. Mostek, Anthony Murillo, Shirley T. Murphy, Kathleen A. Olsen, Lola Stanitski, Diane M. Whittaker, Thomas TI A SUMMARY OF THE 18TH AMS SYMPOSIUM ON EDUCATION SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pandya, Rajul] UCAR, SOARS, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Smith, David] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Ackerman, Steven A.; Whittaker, Thomas] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI USA. [Brahma, Priti P.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Charlevoix, Donna J.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gaertner, Volker Karl] EUMESTAT, Darmstadt, Germany. [Lee, Thomas F.] NRL, Monterey, CA USA. [Hayes, Marianne J.] AMS Educ Resource Educator, Columbus, OH USA. [Mostek, Anthony] NOAA NWS, Boulder, CO USA. [Murillo, Shirley T.] NOAA AOML HRD, Miami, FL USA. [Murphy, Kathleen A.] AMS Educ Resource Educator, St Louis, MO USA. [Olsen, Lola] NASA, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Stanitski, Diane M.] Geocation LLC, Boulder, CO USA. RP Pandya, R (reprint author), UCAR, SOARS, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM pandya@ucar.edu RI Murillo, Shirley/C-3259-2014; Ackerman, Steven/G-1640-2011 OI Murillo, Shirley/0000-0002-2075-8682; Ackerman, Steven/0000-0002-4476-0269 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 92 IS 1 BP 61 EP 64 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2933.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 729OD UT WOS:000287959200013 ER PT J AU Turk, FJ Hawkins, J Richardson, K Surratt, M AF Turk, F. Joseph Hawkins, Jeff Richardson, Kim Surratt, Mindy TI A tropical cyclone application for virtual globes SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Hurricane; Cyclone; Satellite; Microwave; Wind; Precipitation; KML ID PRECIPITATION; CLOUDS; SPACE AB Within the past ten years, a wide variety of publicly available environmental satellite-based data have become available to users and gained popular exposure in meteorological applications. For example, the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has maintained a well accepted web-based tropical cyclone (TC) website (NRL TC-Web) with a diverse selection of environmental satellite imagery and products covering worldwide tropical cyclones extending back to 1997. The rapid development of virtual globe technologies provides for an effective framework to efficiently demonstrate meteorological and oceanographic concepts to not only specialized weather forecasters but also to students and the general public. With their emphasis upon geolocated data, virtual globes represent the next evolution beyond the traditional web browser by allowing one to define how, where, and when various data are displayed and dynamically updated. In this article, we describe a virtual globe implementation of the NRL TC-Web satellite data processing system. The resulting NRL Tropical Cyclones on Earth (TC-Earth) application is designed to exploit the capabilities of virtual globe technology to facilitate the display, animation, and layering of multiple environmental satellite imaging and sounding sensors for effective visualization of tropical cyclone evolution. As with the NRL TC-Web, the TC-Earth application is a dynamic, realtime application, driven by the locations of active and historical tropical cyclones. TC-Earth has a simple interface that is designed around a series of placemarks that follow the storm track history. The position coordinates along the storm track are used to map-register imagery and subset other types of information, allowing the user a wide range of freedom to choose data types, overlay combinations, and animations with a minimum number of clicks. TC-Earth enables the user to quickly select and navigate to the storm of interest from the multiple TCs active at anytime around the world or to peruse data from archived storms. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Turk, F. Joseph; Hawkins, Jeff; Richardson, Kim; Surratt, Mindy] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Turk, FJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jturk@jpl.nasa.gov FU Oceanographer of the Navy through the program office at the PEO [C4ISpace/PMW-120, P-0603207N] FX The authors would like to thank the other members of the NRL TC-Web team, Charles Sampson, Steve Miller (CSU/Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere), and John Kent (Science Applications International Corporation) for their efforts in making the data products seamlessly available. The authors express their appreciation to Cris Castello (Google, Inc.) and Svetla Hristova-Veleva (JPL) for the helpful comments and suggestions. We acknowledge the NASA Precipitation Processing System (PPS) for providing near realtime access to TRMM data, the NASA Land and Atmosphere Near-Realtime Capability for EOS (LANCE) for providing MODIS and AMSR-E data, and the Fleet Numerical Meteorological and Oceanographic Center (FNMOC) for their support of near realtime DMSP and WindSat data. This work was supported by the Oceanographer of the Navy through the program office at the PEO C4I&Space/PMW-120 under Program Element P-0603207N. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 37 IS 1 SI SI BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2010.05.001 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 716WK UT WOS:000287004000003 ER PT J AU Roberts, CW Hira, SM Mason, BP Strouse, GF Stoltz, CA AF Roberts, Colin W. Hira, Steven M. Mason, Brian P. Strouse, Geoffrey F. Stoltz, Chad A. TI Controlling RDX explosive crystallite morphology and inclusion content via simple ultrasonic agitation and solvent evaporation SO CRYSTENGCOMM LA English DT Article AB Uniform crystallite morphology, narrow particle size distribution, and tailored inclusion content have been achieved for cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) explosive recrystallization by a combination of simple ultrasonic agitation and solvent evaporation, as characterized by optical imaging and confocal microscopy. C1 [Roberts, Colin W.; Mason, Brian P.; Stoltz, Chad A.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Div, Indian Head, MD USA. [Hira, Steven M.; Strouse, Geoffrey F.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Stoltz, CA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Div, Indian Head, MD USA. EM chad.stoltz@navy.mil FU Indian Head NSWC In-house Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) program FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Indian Head NSWC In-house Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) program for funding. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1466-8033 J9 CRYSTENGCOMM JI Crystengcomm PY 2011 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1074 EP 1076 DI 10.1039/c0ce00443j PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 714VC UT WOS:000286836100006 ER PT J AU Brady, RR AF Brady, Ryan R. TI CONSUMER CREDIT, LIQUIDITY, AND THE TRANSMISSION MECHANISM OF MONETARY POLICY SO ECONOMIC INQUIRY LA English DT Article ID BANK LENDING CHANNEL; IMPULSE RESPONSES; MARKET; CONSTRAINTS; BEHAVIOR; SIZE AB That the lending channel is alive and well for consumer lending is at first glance a compelling notion given the growth in consumer credit. However, this paper demonstrates with disaggregated monthly consumer credit data that the consumer loan-supply effect has diminished over time. Contrary to assumptions motivating the lending channel, after the mid-1980s, households are not constrained in accessing nonrevolving or revolving bank loans in response to a monetary shock. The findings of this paper have important implications for research on the monetary transmission mechanism beyond the lending channel and for business cycle research in general. (JEL E44, E50, E60, C32). C1 USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brady, RR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM rbrady@usna.edu NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0095-2583 J9 ECON INQ JI Econ. Inq. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 246 EP 263 DI 10.1111/j.1465-7295.2010.00297.x PG 18 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 702FE UT WOS:000285879200017 ER PT J AU Eggleston, K Shen, YC AF Eggleston, Karen Shen, Yu-Chu TI Soft budget constraints and ownership: Empirical evidence from US hospitals SO ECONOMICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Soft budget constraints; Ownership; Health care; For-profit; Hospital quality AB Consistent with the property rights theory of ownership incorporating soft budget constraints (SBCs), we find that controlling for SBCs, for-profit hospitals drop safety-net services more often and exhibit higher mortality rates, suggesting aggressive cost control that damages non-contractible quality. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Eggleston, Karen] Stanford Univ, Shorenstein Asia Pacific Res Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Shen, Yu-Chu] NBER, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Shen, Yu-Chu] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Eggleston, K (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Shorenstein Asia Pacific Res Ctr, Encina Hall E301, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM karene@stanford.edu; yshen@nps.edu NR 6 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0165-1765 J9 ECON LETT JI Econ. Lett. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 110 IS 1 BP 7 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.econlet.2010.09.016 PG 5 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 711BU UT WOS:000286561500003 ER PT J AU Reason, M Bennett, BR Magno, R Boos, JB AF Reason, Matthew Bennett, Brian R. Magno, Richard Boos, J. Brad TI Molecular Beam Epitaxial Regrowth of Antimonide-Based Semiconductors SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE InGaSb; regrowth; overgrowth; MBE; p-FET; AFM; antimonide; InAs; AlGaSb ID HETEROSTRUCTURES; TRANSISTORS AB We have investigated regrowth of p(+) InGaSb on AlGaSb and on thin InAs etch-stop layers after atomic hydrogen cleaning (AHC) surface treatments. Following certain cleaning conditions, the surface morphologies for In(0.27)Ga(0.73)Sb regrown on InAs exhibit smooth surfaces with similar root-mean-square (rms) roughness to the as-grown InAs, which in turn is similar to the roughness of the AlGaSb buffer layer below it. In addition, hole mobilities for InGaSb regrown on AHC InAs approach the highest mobilities reported to date for any p(+) III-V semiconductors. A wide range of AHC conditions including substrate temperatures from 280 degrees C to 370 degrees C and exposure durations between 5 min and 30 min result in smooth InGaSb films with low resistivity. C1 [Reason, Matthew; Bennett, Brian R.; Magno, Richard; Boos, J. Brad] USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reason, M (reprint author), USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brian.bennett@nrl.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors thank their collaborators at the Naval Research Laboratory, including J.G. Champlain, N.A. Papanicolaou, and D. Park. The Office of Naval Research supported this work. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 40 IS 1 BP 6 EP 10 DI 10.1007/s11664-010-1399-6 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 728FW UT WOS:000287861000002 ER PT J AU Feemster, MG Esposito, JM AF Feemster, Matthew G. Esposito, Joel M. TI Comprehensive Framework for Tracking Control and Thrust Allocation for a Highly Overactuated Autonomous Surface Vessel SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ROBOTICS LA English DT Article ID SWARM MANIPULATION; MOBILE ROBOTS; SHIPS; ALGORITHMS; SYSTEMS AB In this paper we present a comprehensive trajectory tracking framework for cooperative manipulation scenarios involving marine surface ships Our experimental platform is a small boat equipped with six thrusters, but the technique presented here can be applied to a multiship manipulation scenario such as a group of autonomous tugboats transporting a disabled ship or unactuated barge The primary challenges of this undertaking are as follows (1) the actuators are unidirectional and experience saturation, (2) the hydrodynamics of the system are difficult to characterize, and (3) obtaining acceptable performance under field conditions e global positioning system errors, wind, waves etc) is arduous To address these issues, we present a framework that includes trajectory generation, tracking control and force allocation that despite actuator limitations results in asymptotically convergent trajectory tracking In addition, the controller employs an adaptive feedback law to compensate for unknown-difficult to measure-hydrodynamic parameters Field trials are conducted utilizing a 3-m vessel in a nearby estuary Published 2010 Wiley Periodicals Inc* C1 [Feemster, Matthew G.; Esposito, Joel M.] USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Feemster, MG (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N001408WR20091] FX This work is supported by Office of Naval Research (ONR) grant N001408WR20091 In addition, the authors would like to thank Norm Tyson, Joseph Bradshaw, Ralph Wicklund, and Bill Lowe of the Systems Engineering Technical Support Division for support throughout the project, Erik T Smith and Eric Regneir for experimental design, and the Naval Architecture Department of the USNA for use of the tow tank facility NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1556-4959 J9 J FIELD ROBOT JI J. Field Robot. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 28 IS 1 SI SI BP 80 EP 100 DI 10.1002/rob.20369 PG 21 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 703CI UT WOS:000285951300006 ER PT J AU Roeper, DF Pandya, KI Cheek, GT O'Grady, WE AF Roeper, D. F. Pandya, K. I. Cheek, G. T. O'Grady, W. E. TI The Structure of Nickel Chloride in the Ionic Liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methyl Imidazolium Chloride/Aluminum Chloride: X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE MOLTEN-SALT; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SPECTRAL INVESTIGATIONS; ALUMINUM-CHLORIDE; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; ALLOYS; ELECTRODEPOSITION; EXAFS; CHLOROALUMINATE AB The structure of anhydrous nickel chloride in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride and aluminum chloride has been investigated with extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) in both Lewis acid and Lewis base solutions. The EXAFS data of NiCl2 center dot 6H(2)O crystals were also recorded and analyzed to demonstrate the difference file technique. The difference file technique is used to obtain the structural information for the very closely spaced coordination shells of chloride and oxygen in NiCl2 center dot 6H(2)O and they are found to agree very closely with the X-ray diffraction data. The difference file technique is then used to analyze the nickel chloride in the ionic liquid solutions. Even though anhydrous NiCl2 is more soluble in the basic solution than in the acidic solution, the EXAFS data show a single coordination of four chlorides in a tetrahedron around the nickel atom in the basic solution. In a weak acid solution, there are six chlorides in a single octahedral coordination shell around the nickel. However, in a strong acid solution, in addition to the octahedral chloride-coordination shell, there is a second coordination shell of eight aluminum atoms in the form of a simple cube. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3522762] All rights reserved. C1 [Roeper, D. F.; Cheek, G. T.; O'Grady, W. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pandya, K. I.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, SAIC, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Cheek, G. T.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Roeper, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ogrady@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE); U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Chemical Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors thank Professor Hardacre for helpful discussions. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Office of Naval Research and the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE). This research was carried out at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 3 BP F21 EP F28 DI 10.1149/1.3522762 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 712PE UT WOS:000286677900057 ER PT J AU Demoranville, LT Grabowski, KS Knies, DL Cetina, C AF Demoranville, L. T. Grabowski, K. S. Knies, D. L. Cetina, C. TI Experimental demonstration of mass-filtered, time-dilated, time-of-flightmass spectrometry SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SIMS XVII Conference CY SEP, 2009 CL Toronto, CANADA DE Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry; Accelerator Mass Spectrometry; time-of-flight; mass spectrometer design; duty cycle ID PRETZEL MAGNET AB The Trace Element Accelerator Mass Spectrometer (TEAMS) at the Naval Research Lab (NRL) offers a unique opportunity to develop a new type of time-of-flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer (TOF-SIMS). This opportunity derives from use of a Pretzel magnet as a recombinator and mass filter in the injector part to the accelerator. Mass filtering prior to time-of-flight analysis removes extraneous species, thereby reducing background for trace element analysis, and shortens the analysis time for a single-beam pulse, thereby improving the duty cycle. Using this approach, it is possible to obtain expanded portions of a few narrow segments of the entire time-of-flight spectrum created by a single-beam pulse. Additionally, a longer flight path with higher ionmomenta in the Pretzel magnet introduces time dilation, thereby improving resolution. This type of TOF system is well suited for precise trace element abundance measurements, for example, the simultaneous measurement of fissionable nuclear material and selected fission fragments. Computer simulations and first test results led to recent modifications to electronics which have refined the system. These modifications resulted in the capability to produce a range of beam trigger widths and dwell times, while at the same time refining the peak shape. These capabilities allowed for the demonstration of mass filtering, interleaving and time dilation. While the NRL-TEAMS system is not designed for TOF work, these results provide a demonstration of the capabilities of a future instrument. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Demoranville, L. T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Grabowski, K. S.; Knies, D. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cetina, C.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Demoranville, LT (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ldemoran@umd.edu OI Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X FU ONR; DTRA FX This work was supported by the ONR and by the DTRA through its Basic Research for cWMD Program. The NRL-TEAMS facility is maintained through the work of Mr C. Kennedy, Mr V. Cestone and Mr B. Renfro. Dr A. C. Mignerey is acknowledged as Mr Demoranville's graduate thesis advisor. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0142-2421 EI 1096-9918 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 525 EP 528 DI 10.1002/sia.3524 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 725TR UT WOS:000287669500130 ER PT J AU Kilic, E Stanica, P AF Kilic, Emrah Stanica, Pantelimon TI A Matrix Approach for General Higher Order Linear Recurrences SO BULLETIN OF THE MALAYSIAN MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Higher order recurrence; generating matrix; sum; matrix method ID FIBONACCI NUMBERS; K FIBONACCI; SUMS AB We consider k sequences of generalized order-k linear recurrences with arbitrary initial conditions and coefficients, and we give their generalized Binet formulas and generating functions. We also obtain a new matrix method to derive explicit formulas for the sums of terms of the k sequences. Further, some relationships between determinants of certain Hessenberg matrices and the terms of these sequences are obtained. C1 [Kilic, Emrah] TOBB Econ & Technol Univ, Dept Math, TR-06560 Ankara, Turkey. [Stanica, Pantelimon] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kilic, E (reprint author), TOBB Econ & Technol Univ, Dept Math, TR-06560 Ankara, Turkey. EM ekilic@etu.edu.tr; pstanica@nps.edu NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MALAYSIAN MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES SOC PI PULAU PINANG PA UNIV SAINS MALAYSIA, SCH MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES, PULAU PINANG, 11800 USM, MALAYSIA SN 0126-6705 J9 B MALAYS MATH SCI SO JI Bull. Malays. Math. Sci. Soc. PY 2011 VL 34 IS 1 BP 51 EP 67 PG 17 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 708IA UT WOS:000286354300005 ER PT J AU Zhou, JJ Yin, YJ Mansour, AN Zhou, XY AF Zhou, Juanjuan Yin, Yijing Mansour, Azzam N. Zhou, Xiangyang TI Experimental Studies of Mediator-Enhanced Polymer Electrolyte Supercapacitors SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL SUPERCAPACITOR; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; CARBON ELECTRODES; POLYANILINE; TRANSPORT; CAPACITANCE; NANOTUBES; COMPOSITE; LIQUID; SALT AB Mediator-enhanced polymer electrolyte supercapacitors (MEPESCs) were fabricated using poly(ethylene oxide)/LiClO4 as the polymer electrolyte in the porous activated carbon electrodes and a Nafion 117 membrane as a separator. NaI and I-2 were added into the polymer electrolyte as mediators to increase both the conductivity of the polymer electrolyte and the specific charge of the MEPESC. Based on the cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurement tests, the total specific charges of the supercapacitor without and with redox mediators are 45 and 210 C g(-1) within a voltage window of 0.0-1.0 V, respectively, showing a significant enhancement effect for the mediators. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3526094] All rights reserved. C1 [Zhou, Juanjuan; Yin, Yijing; Zhou, Xiangyang] Univ Miami, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Mansour, Azzam N.] USN, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Syst & Mat Power & Protect Branch, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Zhou, JJ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM xzhou@miami.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-08-1-0332, N00014-08-WX-20797] FX The authors thank the Office of Naval Research (ONR) for financial support for this research under award numbers N00014-08-1-0332 and N00014-08-WX-20797. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2011 VL 14 IS 3 BP A25 EP A28 DI 10.1149/1.3526094 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 703JL UT WOS:000285974100001 ER PT J AU Jordan, JL Herbold, EB Sutherland, G Fraser, A Borg, J Richards, DW AF Jordan, Jennifer L. Herbold, Eric B. Sutherland, Gerrit Fraser, Andrew Borg, John Richards, D. Wayne TI Shock equation of state of multi-constituent epoxy-metal particulate composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMPACTION; MIXTURES; BEHAVIOR; POWDER; RESIN AB The shock properties of epoxy-based particulate composites have been extensively studied in the literature. Generally, these materials only have a single particulate phase; typically alumina. This paper presents equation of state experiments conducted on five epoxy-based particulate composites. The shock stress and shock velocity states were measured for five different composites: two epoxy-aluminum two-phase composites, with various amounts of aluminum, and three epoxy-aluminum-(metal) composites, where the metal constituent was either copper, nickel, or tungsten. The impact velocities ranged from 300 to 960 m/s. Numerical simulations of the experiments of epoxy-Al are compared with mesoscale simulations of epoxy-Al(2)O(3) composites to investigate the effect of the soft versus hard particulate; additionally, an epoxy-Al-W simulation was conducted to investigate the material properties of the second phase on shock response of these materials. In these epoxy-based particulate composites, the slope of the shock velocity-particle velocity curve appears to depend on the epoxy binder. It is shown that the addition of only 10 vol% of a second, denser metallic phase significantly affects the shock response in these composites. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3531579] C1 [Jordan, Jennifer L.; Richards, D. Wayne] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RW, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Herbold, Eric B.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Sutherland, Gerrit] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Fraser, Andrew; Borg, John] Marquette Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. RP Jordan, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RW, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM jennifer.jordan@eglin.af.mil RI Herbold, Eric/G-3432-2011 OI Herbold, Eric/0000-0002-9837-1824 FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to acknowledge the help of Mr. Grant Rogerson (NSWC-IH) for assistance with the gas gun experiments. This research was funded by Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1 AR 013531 DI 10.1063/1.3531579 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 706LG UT WOS:000286219300056 ER PT J AU Pion-Berlin, D Trinkunas, H AF Pion-Berlin, David Trinkunas, Harold TI LATIN AMERICA'S GROWING SECURITY GAP SO JOURNAL OF DEMOCRACY LA English DT Article C1 [Pion-Berlin, David] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Trinkunas, Harold] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Pion-Berlin, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1045-5736 J9 J DEMOCR JI J. Democr. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 22 IS 1 BP 39 EP 53 PG 15 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 708GJ UT WOS:000286350000004 ER PT J AU Foos, EE Zega, TJ Tischler, JG Stroud, RM Boercker, JE AF Foos, Edward E. Zega, Thomas J. Tischler, Joseph G. Stroud, Rhonda M. Boercker, Janice E. TI Synthesis of PbSe nanowires: the impact of alkylphosphonic acid addition SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METAL PHOSPHONATE CHEMISTRY; LIQUID-SOLID GROWTH; CDSE QUANTUM WIRES; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; ORIENTED-ATTACHMENT; SHAPE-EVOLUTION; SOLAR-CELLS; II-VI; MECHANISMS; EFFICIENCY AB Reaction of Pb oleate with trioctylphosphine (TOP)/Se in 1-octadecene under appropriate conditions yields PbSe nanowires. The parameters found to be critical for the isolation of exclusively one-dimensional material are the Pb : Se ratio and the temperature profile used during synthesis. Addition of strongly coordinating tetradecylphosphonic acid (TDPA) to the system has a profound impact on the surface morphology, with increasing TDPA concentration producing narrower, smoother nanowires when all other parameters are held constant. The wire morphology and structural data are consistent with a combination of oriented attachment on < 111 > surfaces, yielding wires with a [100] axial orientation, and a ligand-mediated competition between growth on < 111 >, < 110 > and < 100 > planes. The products possess 10-20 nm diameters, with lengths generally over one micron, and have been characterized through SEM, TEM, EDS, electron diffraction, and optical spectroscopy. C1 [Foos, Edward E.; Zega, Thomas J.; Tischler, Joseph G.; Stroud, Rhonda M.; Boercker, Janice E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Foos, EE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM edward.foos@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 FU National Research Council; Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX We thank Dr Steven C. Erwin and Dr Alexander L. Efros for valuable discussions. J.E.B. acknowledges the National Research Council postdoctoral program, while the Office of Naval Research (ONR) is gratefully acknowledged for financial support of this work. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 8 BP 2616 EP 2623 DI 10.1039/c0jm03074k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 718AP UT WOS:000287092000032 ER PT J AU Morris, K Handler, RA Rouson, DWI AF Morris, Karla Handler, Robert A. Rouson, Damian W. I. TI Intermittency in the turbulent Ekman layer SO JOURNAL OF TURBULENCE LA English DT Article DE Ekman boundary layer; turbulence; intermittency; dissipation; pseudo-dissipation; flatness; Tatarskii-Bragg scattering; radar ID LARGE-EDDY-SIMULATION; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; CHANNEL FLOW; REYNOLDS-NUMBER; RADAR; MODEL; STATISTICS; SCATTERING; VELOCITY AB The structure of the turbulent Ekman layer is explored by examining the three-dimensional velocity fields generated by means of direct numerical simulation (DNS). Emphasis is placed on determining the relation between the instantaneous structure of the velocity field and the turbulent dissipation. The results of our simulation show the following: (1) The pseudo-dissipation exhibits lognormal behavior, with a magnitude range spanning many orders of magnitude, (2) in horizontal planes within the Ekman layer, spatially localized regions of high and low pseudo-dissipation are found, with a magnitude ratio of about 104 between low and high regions, (3) the Ekman layer is found to be composed of a series of quasi-periodic plume-like structures, and (4) the pseudo-dissipation is found to be large at the outer edge of a typical plume, with much lower levels in the plume interior. Conjectures are put forth regarding the relevance of this work to known observations of clear air radar scattering, and suggestions are made for possible future efforts. C1 [Rouson, Damian W. I.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Morris, Karla] CUNY City Coll, Benjamin Levich Inst Physicochem Hydrodynam, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Handler, Robert A.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rouson, DWI (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rouson@sandia.gov FU Office of Naval Research via the Research Foundation of the City University of New York [N00014-08-1-0086]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (Contract N00014-08-1-0086) via the Research Foundation of the City University of New York. Additional funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the basic research program at the Naval Research Laboratory, and through the Counter Directed Energy Weapons Program at ONR. The authors would also like to thank the DOD-HPC program for the computer time and technical support. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1468-5248 J9 J TURBUL JI J. Turbul. PY 2011 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1 EP 25 AR PII 934030632 DI 10.1080/14685248.2010.541258 PG 25 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 726SL UT WOS:000287746300001 ER PT J AU Katz, EJ Zhang, Z Hughes, HL Chung, KB Lucovsky, G Brillson, LJ AF Katz, E. J. Zhang, Z. Hughes, H. L. Chung, K. -B. Lucovsky, G. Brillson, L. J. TI Nanoscale depth-resolved electronic properties of SiO2/SiOx/SiO2 for device-tolerant electronics SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID THERMALLY-STIMULATED-CURRENT; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; HOLE; NANOCLUSTERS; INTERFACE; OXIDES; LAYERS; SIO2 AB We have used nanoscale depth-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy (DRCLS) of device-tolerant oxides to measure the energy levels and spatial distribution of defects within nanocrystalline grains in an alpha-SiO2 matrix that counteract hole trapping and reduce CMOS transistor degradation due to ionizing radiation. DRCLS of 58 nm SiO2/SiOx/SiO2 oxide structures distinguishes spatially and electronically between the intrinsic SiO2 and SiOx-related defects. Annealing the alpha-SiO2 oxide produces nanocrystalline Si grain formation that increases the concentration of defects 0.3 eV above the Si valence band that can trap electrons and block radiolytic proton transport. This study validates a carrier trapping mechanism for phase-separated device-tolerant SiOx oxide layers. (C) 2011 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3543712] C1 [Katz, E. J.; Zhang, Z.; Brillson, L. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hughes, H. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chung, K. -B.; Lucovsky, G.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Brillson, L. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Katz, EJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM katz.184@osu.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-08-1-0037, MIPR 10-2197M]; National Science Foundation [ECCS-0823805] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, through Grant No. HDTRA1-08-1-0037 and MIPR 10-2197M, and the National Science Foundation, Grant No. ECCS-0823805. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN PY 2011 VL 29 IS 1 AR 011027 DI 10.1116/1.3543712 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 712PT UT WOS:000286679400030 ER PT J AU Doyle, R AF Doyle, Richard TI Real Reform or Change for Chumps: Earmark Policy Developments, 2006-2010 SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW LA English DT Article AB In response to widespread perceptions of problems associated with congressional earmarks, reform efforts began in late 2006 and continued through 2010. This essay summarizes those problems, explains the distribution of earmarks within Congress, and documents their rise and relative fall between 1991 and 2010 using government and public interest group databases. The author explains and critiques earmark reform policies, including congressional rules, initiatives taken by the congressional appropriations committees, and reforms pursued by the George W. Bush and Barack Obama administrations. Congressional rules and committee-initiated reforms have been most effective, resulting in significant improvements in earmark transparency and accountability. The number and dollar value of earmarks first dropped noticeably in fiscal year 2007 after an earmark moratorium, and then stabilized as reforms were implemented. It is premature to conclude that these levels will continue or that reforms will alter the policy content of earmarks or their distribution among members of Congress. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Doyle, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. EM rdoyle@nps.edu NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0033-3352 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN REV JI Public Adm. Rev. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 71 IS 1 BP 34 EP 44 DI 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2010.02304.x PG 11 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 707ZG UT WOS:000286329500004 ER PT J AU Myrick, ML Simcock, MN Baranowski, M Brooke, H Morgan, SL McCutcheon, JN AF Myrick, Michael L. Simcock, Michael N. Baranowski, Megan Brooke, Heather Morgan, Stephen L. McCutcheon, Jessica N. TI The Kubelka-Munk Diffuse Reflectance Formula Revisited SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Diffuse reflectance; Kubelka-Munk; scattering ID REPRESENTATIVE LAYER THEORY; TRANSMITTANCE INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENTS; ISOTROPIC SCATTERING; H-FUNCTIONS; POWDERS; SPECTRA; SPECTROMETRY; DEPENDENCE; EQUATIONS AB We use an integral equation approach to finding the Kubelka-Munk (KM) diffuse reflectance formula and extend the result by finding the apparent path length and total intensity distribution inside an infinite, homogeneous, diffusely reflecting medium with isotropic scattering. We then expand the approach to three dimensions to show that the KM formula is correct for total diffuse reflectance when scattering, excitation, and detection are all isotropic. We obtain simple and exact results for the angular distribution of diffuse reflection and for the total diffuse reflectance when the incident light has an isotropic angular distribution, when it strikes at a single angle of elevation, and when it has the steady-state angular distribution. This work includes some results that employ Chandrasekhar's H function, so we also provide a program for the rapid evaluation of H. o[Supplementary material is available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Applied Spectroscopy Reviews for the following free supplemental resource: Program to compute the value of Chandrasekhar's H function]. C1 [Myrick, Michael L.; Baranowski, Megan; Morgan, Stephen L.; McCutcheon, Jessica N.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Simcock, Michael N.] Ometric Corp, Columbia, SC USA. [Brooke, Heather] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Myrick, ML (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, 631 Sumter St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM myrick@chem.sc.edu OI Morgan, Stephen L./0000-0001-5091-3148; Myrick, Michael/0000-0002-6905-0925 FU National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice [2007-DN-BX-K199] FX This project was supported by Award No. 2007-DN-BX-K199 awarded by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication/program/exhibition are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the Department of Justice. NR 57 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 9 U2 75 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0570-4928 J9 APPL SPECTROSC REV JI Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. PY 2011 VL 46 IS 2 BP 140 EP 165 AR PII 932234100 DI 10.1080/05704928.2010.537004 PG 26 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 723EX UT WOS:000287490400003 ER PT J AU Prietto, M Tsang, M Hernandez, S Roepke, J Piatkowski, D Lee, E Stoyanov, P Ogren, J Es-Said, OS AF Prietto, M. Tsang, M. Hernandez, S. Roepke, J. Piatkowski, D. Lee, E. Stoyanov, P. Ogren, J. Es-Said, O. S. TI The effects of heat damage of aluminum 6061-T6 AM-2 Mats and High Power Run-Up Anchor SO ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE 6061 T6 Aluminum; AM-2 Mats; High Power Run-Up Anchor AB Mechanical property measurements were made on used sections of mobile landing surfaces for the vertical take off and landing military aircraft Additionally property measurements were made on used sections of anchors used to restrain aircrafts movement during full power engine operations following maintenance In both cases the material used was aluminum alloy 6061 in the T6 temper Tensile hardness and electrical conductivity tests were performed The landing surfaces were hollow core the top portion showed more degradation than the bottom due to the former being in closer proximity to aircraft exhaust gases The used anchor panels showed significant levels of mechanical degradation falling well below SAE minimum standards (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Prietto, M.; Tsang, M.; Hernandez, S.; Roepke, J.; Stoyanov, P.; Ogren, J.; Es-Said, O. S.] Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. [Piatkowski, D.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Naval Air Syst Command, Lakehurst, NJ USA. [Lee, E.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Es-Said, OS (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EEC0353668] FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No EEC0353668 Research Experience for Undergraduate (REU) Program The authors thank Ms Jasmin Abdulla and Ms Virginia Vega for their help in preparing the manuscript NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-6307 J9 ENG FAIL ANAL JI Eng. Fail. Anal. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 18 IS 1 BP 124 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2010.08.014 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 697AO UT WOS:000285485200014 ER PT J AU Mungan, CE AF Mungan, Carl E. TI Electrostatic repulsion of charged pith balls hanging from strings SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Two positively charged pith balls hang from a nail at the end of equal-length strings in Earth's surface gravitational field. The problem consists in finding each of the hanging angles when the balls do not necessarily have the same mass or charge. The solution is an excellent exercise in developing two skills: wisely choosing the coordinate axes in a free-body diagram, and correctly interpreting the roots and limits of a numerical solution. The treatment is accessible to undergraduate physics majors in their first or second year of physics courses. C1 [Mungan, Carl E.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mungan, CE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM mungan@usna.edu NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0143-0807 J9 EUR J PHYS JI Eur. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 BP 207 EP 212 DI 10.1088/0143-0807/32/1/019 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 696PO UT WOS:000285454000020 ER PT J AU Irvine, CE Rao, JR AF Irvine, Cynthia E. Rao, J. R. TI Engineering Secure Systems Introduction SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Engineering Secure Systems; Secure Engineering; Trustworthy; High Assurance; Common Criteria; Root of Trust; TPM; Compositionality C1 [Irvine, Cynthia E.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Rao, J. R.] IBM Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Irvine, CE (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 EI 1558-4046 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 9 IS 1 BP 18 EP 21 DI 10.1109/MSP.2011.10 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 715YE UT WOS:000286930800004 ER PT J AU Weissman, C Levin, TE AF Weissman, Clark Levin, Timothy E. TI Lessons Learned from Building a High-Assurance Crypto Gateway SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Article C1 [Levin, Timothy E.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 9 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1109/MSP.2010.201 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 715YE UT WOS:000286930800006 ER PT J AU Jiang, QF Liu, M Doyle, JD AF Jiang, Qingfang Liu, Ming Doyle, James D. TI Influence of Mesoscale Dynamics and Turbulence on Fine Dust Transport in Owens Valley SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TYRANNOSAURUS-REX; MOUNTAIN WAVES; ROTOR EXPERIMENT; MODEL; CALIFORNIA; EMISSION; LAKE; RESOLUTION; COAMPS; STORMS AB Fine dust particles emitted from Owens (dry) Lake in California documented during the Terrain-Induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX) of 2006 have been examined using surface observations and a mesoscale aerosol model. Air quality stations around Owens (dry) Lake observed dramatic temporal and spatial variations of surface winds and dust particulate concentration. The hourly particulate concentration averaged over a 2-month period exhibits a strong diurnal variation with a primary maximum in the afternoon, coincident with a wind speed maximum. The strongest dust event documented during the 2-month-long period, with maximum hourly and daily average particulate concentrations of 7000 and 1000 mu g m(-3), respectively, is further examined using output from a high-resolution mesoscale aerosol model simulation. In the morning, with the valley air decoupled from the prevailing westerlies (i.e., cross valley) above the mountaintop, fine particulates are blown off the dry lake bed by moderate up-valley winds and transported along the valley toward northwest. The simulated strong westerlies reach the western part of the valley in the afternoon and more fine dust is scoured off Owens (dry) Lake than in the morning. Assisted by strong turbulence and wave-induced vertical motion in the valley, the westerlies can transport a substantial fraction of the particulate mass across the Inyo Mountains into Death Valley National Park. C1 [Jiang, Qingfang] UCAR, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Liu, Ming; Doyle, James D.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Jiang, QF (reprint author), UCAR, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jiang@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [0601153N] FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) Program Element 0601153N. Jim Parker at GBUAPCD kindly provided the surface station data. We also thank T-REX scientists and staff for their contribution to data collection. The first author has greatly benefited from discussions with Drs. Shouping Wang at Naval Research Laboratory and Ron Smith at Yale University. The simulations were made using the Coupled Ocean-Atmospheric Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) developed by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 50 IS 1 BP 20 EP 38 DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2522.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 719QD UT WOS:000287222400002 ER PT J AU Sanghera, J Bayya, S Villalobos, G Kim, W Frantz, J Shaw, B Sadowski, B Miklos, R Baker, C Hunt, M Aggarwal, I Kung, F Reicher, D Peplinski, S Ogloza, A Langston, P Lamar, C Varmette, P Dubinskiy, M DeSandre, L AF Sanghera, Jas Bayya, Shyam Villalobos, Guillermo Kim, Woohong Frantz, Jesse Shaw, Brandon Sadowski, Bryan Miklos, R. Baker, Colin Hunt, Michael Aggarwal, Ishwar Kung, Fred Reicher, David Peplinski, Stan Ogloza, Al Langston, Peter Lamar, Chuck Varmette, Peter Dubinskiy, Mark DeSandre, Lewis TI Transparent ceramics for high-energy laser systems SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Spinel; Transparent ceramics; Laser ceramics ID GLASS; COEFFICIENT; WINDOW AB We demonstrate that transparent magnesium aluminate spinel ceramic possesses excellent thermo-optical properties, a record low absorption loss of 6 ppm/cm, and superior ruggedness which position it as a prime candidate for an exit window aperture for high energy laser systems, especially in hostile environments. We also demonstrate lasing with an efficiency of about 45% in transparent Yb3+:Y2O3 ceramic made by hot pressing high purity submicron co-precipitated powder. This paves the way forward for high power solid state lasers exploiting hosts with higher thermal conductivity than YAG. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sanghera, Jas; Bayya, Shyam; Villalobos, Guillermo; Kim, Woohong; Frantz, Jesse; Shaw, Brandon; Baker, Colin; Aggarwal, Ishwar] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sadowski, Bryan; Miklos, R.; Kung, Fred] GTEC Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Hunt, Michael] Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Reicher, David; Peplinski, Stan] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Ogloza, Al; Langston, Peter] NAWC, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Lamar, Chuck] USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. [Varmette, Peter] SAIC, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Dubinskiy, Mark] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [DeSandre, Lewis] ONR Global, London, England. RP Sanghera, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jasbinder.sanghera@nrl.navy.mil RI Baker, Colin/I-6657-2015; OI Reicher, David/0000-0002-3512-1975 FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO); Office of Naval Research FX This program was funded by the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO) and the Office of Naval Research. The authors would like to acknowledge the collaboration with MER Corp. (Tucson, AZ) for demonstrating scale-up to a 12 in. x 16 in. ceramic spinel window. NR 23 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 33 IS 3 BP 511 EP 518 DI 10.1016/j.optmat.2010.10.038 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 721IY UT WOS:000287348000044 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, K Ray, A Wettergren, T Gupta, S Phoha, S AF Mukherjee, Kushal Ray, Asok Wettergren, Thomas Gupta, Shalabh Phoha, Shashi TI Real-time adaptation of decision thresholds in sensor networks for detection of moving targets SO AUTOMATICA LA English DT Article DE Tracking before detection; Symbolic time series analysis; Formal language construction ID SYSTEMS AB This paper addresses real-time decision-making associated with acoustic measurements for online surveillance of undersea targets moving over a deployed sensor network. The underlying algorithm is built upon the principles of symbolic dynamic filtering for feature extraction and formal language theory for decision-making, where the decision threshold for target detection is estimated based on time series data collected from an ensemble of passive sonar sensors that cover the anticipated tracks of moving targets. Adaptation of the decision thresholds to the real-time sensor data is optimal in the sense of weighted linear least squares. The algorithm has been validated on a simulated sensor-network test-bed with time series data from an ensemble of target tracks. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mukherjee, Kushal; Gupta, Shalabh] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wettergren, Thomas] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. [Phoha, Shashi] Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Div, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Ray, A (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kum162@psu.edu; axr2@psu.edu; thomas.wettergren@navy.mil; szg107@psu.edu; sxp26@psu.edu OI Wettergren, Thomas/0000-0002-6623-8412 FU US Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-0688]; US Army Research laboratory; Army Research Office [W911NF-07-1-0376] FX This work has been supported in part by the US Office of Naval Research under Grant No. N00014-09-1-0688, and by the US Army Research laboratory and Army Research Office under Grant No. W911NF-07-1-0376. The material in this paper was not presented at any conference. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Bart De Schutter under the direction of Editor Ian R. Petersen. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsoring agencies. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0005-1098 J9 AUTOMATICA JI Automatica PD JAN PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 BP 185 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.automatica.2010.10.031 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 712ZJ UT WOS:000286704500022 ER PT J AU Plant, NG Holland, KT AF Plant, Nathaniel G. Holland, K. Todd TI Prediction and assimilation of surf-zone processes using a Bayesian network Part I: Forward models SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Wave height; Bathymetry; Field data; Duck94 ID 3RD-GENERATION WAVE MODEL; SANDBAR MIGRATION; COASTAL REGIONS; NEARSHORE; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; BEACHES; SCALE; TRANSFORMATION; VERIFICATION AB Prediction of coastal processes, including waves, currents, and sediment transport, can be obtained from a variety of detailed geophysical-process models with many simulations showing significant skill. This capability supports a wide range of research and applied efforts that can benefit from accurate numerical predictions. However, the predictions are only as accurate as the data used to drive the models and, given the large temporal and spatial variability of the surf zone, inaccuracies in data are unavoidable such that useful predictions require corresponding estimates of uncertainty. We demonstrate how a Bayesian-network model can be used to provide accurate predictions of wave-height evolution in the surf zone given very sparse and/or inaccurate boundary-condition data. The approach is based on a formal treatment of a data-assimilation problem that takes advantage of significant reduction of the dimensionality of the model system. We demonstrate that predictions of a detailed geophysical model of the wave evolution are reproduced accurately using a Bayesian approach. In this surf-zone application, forward prediction skill was 83%, and uncertainties in the model inputs were accurately transferred to uncertainty in output variables. We also demonstrate that if modeling uncertainties were not conveyed to the Bayesian network (i.e., perfect data or model were assumed), then overly optimistic prediction uncertainties were computed. More consistent predictions and uncertainties were obtained by including model-parameter errors as a source of input uncertainty. Improved predictions (skill of 90%) were achieved because the Bayesian network simultaneously estimated optimal parameters while predicting wave heights. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Plant, Nathaniel G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Holland, K. Todd] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Plant, NG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM nplant@usgs.gov; todd.holland@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011; OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097; Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672 FU Office of Naval Research [0602435N, N0001409IP20080]; National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (PE Number: 0602435N for KTH and N0001409IP20080 for NGP). We are indebted to the researchers at the Field Research Facility (Duck, NC) who collected the long time series of bathymetry and wave conditions used in our models. This debt is extended again to the FRF researchers and to Drs. Guza, Gallagher, Herbers, Raubenheimer, and Elgar who collected the Duck94 field observation used to test our predictions. That effort was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the National Science Foundation. Also, we are grateful to Sarah Rennie and Alan Brandt, who introduced us to Bayesian networks and worked with us for several years to develop and understand the potential applications of this approach. Comments from reviews by Drs. P. Howd and A. Reniers led to substantial improvements of this work. Barbara Lidz provided numerous comments that improved the manuscript's clarity. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 58 IS 1 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2010.09.003 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 699IQ UT WOS:000285657500009 ER PT J AU Goldspiel, JM Squyres, SW AF Goldspiel, Jules M. Squyres, Steven W. TI Groundwater discharge and gully formation on martian slopes SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Geological processes; Mars, Surface ID POTENTIAL FORMATION MECHANISMS; LIQUID WATER; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; EFFECTIVE POROSITY; MARS; SURFACE; EVOLUTION; ICE; CONSTRAINTS; PHASE AB Young gullies and gully deposits on walls of martian craters have been cited as evidence that liquid water flowed on the surface of Mars relatively recently. Effects of variable environmental conditions at the surface of Mars are modeled and applied to the case of groundwater emergence from shallow aquifers to investigate whether groundwater is a viable source to enable the erosion of these gullies. The model includes detailed treatment of ice growth in the aquifer. Model results indicate that groundwater discharge can be maintained under the current environmental conditions if the aquifer permeability is like that of terrestrial gravel or higher, if the aquifer is 350 K or warmer, or if the aquifer is a brine with a freezing point depressed to 250 K or below. Groundwater discharge cannot be maintained for the conservative case of a cold, pure water, semi-pervious aquifer. Cold (275 K) pure water pervious (gravel) aquifers, warm (350 K) pure water semi-pervious aquifers, and cold (275 K) CaCl2 brine semi-pervious aquifers all exhibit a dependence of discharge on season, latitude and slope orientation in our modeling. Seasonal, latitudinal and azimuthal discharge variations are strongest for cold CaCl2 brine semi-pervious aquifers, with discharges from this aquifer type favoring equator-facing slopes at mid and high southern latitudes. At all latitudes and slope azimuths under our nominal conditions, the cold pure water pervious aquifer, the cold pure water semi-pervious aquifer and the cold CaCl2 brine semi-pervious aquifer all freeze completely shortly after the simulations are started. Discharge restarts in the summer for the cold pure water pervious aquifer and the cold brine aquifer, but discharge does not restart for the cold pure water semi-pervious aquifer. The warm pure water semi-pervious aquifer maintains daily seeps throughout the year at all but high latitudes. In the case of the cold pure water pervious aquifer, approximately 500,000 m(3) of water could be discharged from a mid-latitude, 150-m thick aquifer with a 20-m wide seepage face orientated towards the equator or the pole after a single undermining-induced event before ice growth seals the seepage face. For a brine semi-pervious aquifer with the same dimensions, 200-300 m(3) of water could be released from a mid-latitude 20-m wide equator-facing seepage face before the fresh exposure is sealed for the fall and winter seasons. Our results do not rule out groundwater emergence as a means of creating some recent gullies, but they indicate that rather special and perhaps unusual conditions would be required. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Goldspiel, Jules M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Squyres, Steven W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Goldspiel, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NASA [NNH05AB831] FX We thank Michael Hecht and Michael D. Smith for valuable discussions during the preparation of this manuscript. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. This work was supported by the NASA Mars Fundamental Research Program (Grant NNH05AB831). NR 71 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 238 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.10.008 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600019 ER PT J AU Cramer, AM Sudhoff, SD Zivi, EL AF Cramer, Aaron M. Sudhoff, Scott D. Zivi, Edwin L. TI Performance Metrics for Electric Warship Integrated Engineering Plant Battle Damage Response SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL SHIP SURVIVABILITY; DESIGN; OPTIMIZATION; SYSTEMS AB In military applications, it is important for a platform (warship, aircraft, etc.) or an installation (airbase, etc.) to maintain war-fighting ability after being damaged. In particular if the unit requires electric power, cooling, or other resources to perform its mission, then these resources must be available following a weapon detonation event. The integrated engineering plant (IEP) is responsible for providing these services to the mission-critical loads in a unit. Novel continuity-of-service metrics for IEPs are set forth herein. These metrics provide a means of predicting the average and worst-case level of service the plant can provide as well as the worst-case scenario over a class of disruptions. This provides a method of making meaningful comparisons between different designs. The computation and meaning of the proposed metrics are explored using a notional warship IEP. C1 [Cramer, Aaron M.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Zivi, Edwin L.] USN Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Sudhoff, Scott D.] Purdue Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cramer, AM (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 453 F Paul Anderson Tower, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM cramer@engr.uky.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-0314] FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-06-1-0314. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 BP 634 EP 646 DI 10.1109/TAES.2011.5705696 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 715YO UT WOS:000286931800042 ER PT J AU Singer, IL Veracka, MJ Boyer, CN Neri, JM AF Singer, Irwin L. Veracka, Michael J. Boyer, Craig N. Neri, Jesse M. TI Wear Behavior of Lubricant-Conditioned Copper Rails and Armatures in a Railgun SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch (EML) Technology CY MAY 17-20, 2010 CL Royal Military Acad (RMA), Brussels, BELGIUM HO Royal Military Acad (RMA) DE Lubrication; railgun; surfaces; wear AB A solid lubricating interfacial compound (SLIC) has been used to condition the rails and armature of the NRL decoy launcher, a low-speed (100-140 m/s) railgun. The study tested the hypothesis that a very thin film would protect the sliding electrical contacts against damage by friction, wear, and arcing. The film, obtained by rubbing the rail and armature staples with a PTFE-based composite, dramatically improved launch reliability, increased projectile speed, and reduced armature damage and armature/rail arcing. High-speed (68 kfps) videos taken down the bore showed that the SLIC treatment could suppress light emissions from start of launch until the muzzle flash. The treatment also reduced or completely suppressed the spikes in the muzzle-voltage traces. Optical microscopy identified the damage mechanisms responsible for both rail and armature wear. The SLIC treatment reduced or eliminated arc damage in the breech, attachment of Cu shards to the rail, and both melting and abrasive wear of the staples. The effect of the rubbed film on wear behavior is discussed. C1 [Singer, Irwin L.; Veracka, Michael J.; Neri, Jesse M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Boyer, Craig N.] L3 Commun Titan Grp, Reston, VA 20190 USA. RP Singer, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6176, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM singer@nrl.navy.mil; veracka@nrl.navy.mil; craig.boyer@nrl.navy.mil; jesse.neri@nrl.navy.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 39 IS 1 SI SI BP 138 EP 143 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2062540 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 703VM UT WOS:000286009400026 ER PT J AU Weimer, JJ Singer, IL AF Weimer, J. J. Singer, I. L. TI Temperatures From Spectroscopic Studies of Hot Gas and Flame Fronts in a Railgun SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch (EML) Technology CY MAY 17-20, 2010 CL Royal Military Acad (RMA), Brussels, BELGIUM HO Royal Military Acad (RMA) DE Railguns; spectral analysis; temperature measurement; video recording ID ALUMINUM PARTICLES; PLASMA ARMATURES; COMBUSTION AB High-speed video (143 kframes/s) and optical spectroscopy (1-ms integration, 188-1100 nm) recorded light-emission events occurring at a railgun by aiming directly down the bore or at the backside of the breech. Blowback was marked by a wave of high-intensity light, smoke, a flame front, and glowing particles traveling back up the bore from the muzzle and lasting up to or beyond 60 ms after launch. Spectra taken down bore and during blowback had signature peaks for alkali metals, AlO, and CuO. Estimated radiation temperatures T-ER were determined by fitting a Planck distribution to the spectral backgrounds. In the bore, T-ER was between 3700 K and 3000 K at the start of travel and cooler (2500 K) at the muzzle blast. During blowback, T-ER ranged from 2400 K to almost 4000 K, the combustion temperature of Al particles. Some shots showed T-ER consistently around 3600 K during the entire blowback period. C1 [Weimer, J. J.; Singer, I. L.] USN, Res Lab, Mol Interfaces & Tribol Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Weimer, J. J.] Univ Alabama, Dept Chem Chem & Mat Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Weimer, JJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mol Interfaces & Tribol Sect, Code 6176, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jeffrey.Weimer@UAH.edu NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 39 IS 1 SI SI BP 174 EP 179 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2046916 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 703VM UT WOS:000286009400033 ER PT J AU Gerlach, K Picciolo, ML AF Gerlach, Karl Picciolo, Michael L. TI Robust, Reduced Rank, Loaded Reiterative Median Cascaded Canceller SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SMI ADAPTIVE ALGORITHMS; CONVERGENCE PROPERTIES; COVARIANCE-MATRIX; GRAM-SCHMIDT; ARRAYS AB A robust, fast-converging, reduced-rank adaptive processor called the loaded reiterative median cascaded canceller (LRMCC) is introduced. The LRMCC exhibits the highly desirable combination of 1) convergence-robustness to outliers/targets/nonstationary data in adaptive weight training data, and 2) fast convergence at a rate commensurate with reduced-rank algorithms. Simulated jamming data as well as measured airborne radar data from the MCARM space-time adaptive processing (STAP) database are used to show performance enhancements. Performance is compared with the fast maximum likelihood (FML) and sample matrix inversion (SMI) algorithms. It is demonstrated that the LRMCC is easily implemented and is a highly robust replacement for existing reduced-rank adaptive processors, exhibiting superior performance in nonideal measured data environments. C1 [Gerlach, Karl] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Picciolo, Michael L.] ManTech, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Gerlach, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM picciolo@ieee.org FU Office of Naval Research [ONR-31] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research (ONR-31). NR 19 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1109/TAES.2011.5705656 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 715YO UT WOS:000286931800002 ER PT J AU Blunt, SD Chan, T Gerlach, K AF Blunt, Shannon D. Chan, Tszping Gerlach, Karl TI Robust DOA Estimation: The Reiterative Superresolution (RISR) Algorithm SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SIGNAL PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; OF-ARRIVAL ESTIMATION; MUSIC ALGORITHM; MODELING ERRORS AB A new approach for spatial direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, denoted as re-iterative superresolution (RISR), is developed based upon a recursive implementation of the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) framework. This recursive strategy alternates between updating an MMSE filter bank according to the previous receive spatial power distribution and then subsequently applying the new filter bank to the received data snapshots to obtain a new estimate of the receive spatial power distribution. Benefits of this approach include robustness to coherent sources such as can occur in multipath environments, operation with very low sample support to enable "tracking" of sources with rapidly changing DOA (e.g., bistatic pulse chasing), intrinsic determination of model order, and robustness to array modeling errors by exploiting approximate knowledge of array calibration tolerances. From an implementation perspective RISR belongs to a class of recursive algorithms that includes Interior Point methods, the minimum-norm-based FoCal underdetermined system solver (FOCUSS) algorithm, and the iterative reweighted least squares (IRLS) algorithm. However, the structure of RISR also enables the natural inclusion of spatial noise covariance information as well as a mechanism to account for array modeling errors which are known to induce degradation for existing superresolution methods. The inclusion of the latter is also found to facilitate an adaptive form of regularization that establishes a feasible (given model uncertainties) dynamic range for source estimates. C1 [Blunt, Shannon D.] Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Gerlach, Karl] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blunt, SD (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 1520 W 15th St, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM sdblunt@ittc.ku.edu FU United States Office of Naval Research [ONR 31]; Radar Division of the U.S. Naval Research Lab FX This work was supported by the United States Office of Naval Research (ONR 31) and the Radar Division of the U.S. Naval Research Lab. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 BP 332 EP 346 DI 10.1109/TAES.2011.5705679 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 715YO UT WOS:000286931800025 ER PT J AU Veracka, MJ Boyer, CN Neri, JM AF Veracka, Michael J. Boyer, Craig N. Neri, Jesse M. TI Automatic Multishot Operation of an Electromagnetic Launcher SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch (EML) Technology CY MAY 17-20, 2010 CL Royal Military Acad (RMA), Brussels, BELGIUM HO Royal Military Acad (RMA) DE Augmentation; auto loader; decoy launcher; railgun; rapid charger ID 0.60 CALIBER; RAILGUN; GUN AB The Naval Research Laboratory has developed an automatic electromagnetic launcher system for countermeasure deployment. The launcher operates at 1 Hz and can fire bursts of one to six 44-mm(2) projectiles. The launcher is controlled from a computer that permits selection of the bank charging voltage and the number of shots. The present experimental setup consists of a railgun, an autoloader, and a rapid charger with computer control. C1 [Veracka, Michael J.; Neri, Jesse M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Boyer, Craig N.] L3 Commun Titan Grp, Reston, VA 20190 USA. RP Veracka, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5711, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 39 IS 1 SI SI BP 153 EP 156 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2070846 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 703VM UT WOS:000286009400029 ER PT J AU Singer, IL Sprague, JA AF Singer, Irwin L. Sprague, James A. TI Analytical Study of Lubricant-Conditioned Cu Rails and Armatures in a Low-Speed Rail Gun SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch (EML) Technology CY MAY 17-20, 2010 CL Royal Military Acad (RMA), Brussels, BELGIUM HO Royal Military Acad (RMA) DE Armatures; Auger; energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS); lubrication; polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); rail guns; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); spectroscopy; surface treatment; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) ID BEHAVIOR; WEAR AB An analytical study has been performed on Cu surfaces rubbed with Rulon, which is a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based composite, in order to explain the dramatic reduction in wear of rails and armatures conditioned with Rulon. Electron and optical spectroscopies and microscopies demonstrated that conditioned surfaces were covered by a thin PTFE film, whose thickness was estimated to be no more than 2 nm on average. None of the techniques, however, could demonstrate that the film was uniform across the smooth areas of the surface. Speculations are given to account for the enhanced bore life and antiwear antiarcing behavior of Rulon-conditioned Cu. C1 [Singer, Irwin L.] USN, Res Lab, Mol Interfaces & Tribol Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sprague, James A.] USN, Res Lab, Nanoscale Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Singer, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mol Interfaces & Tribol Sect, Code 6176, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM singer@nrl.navy.mil; jim.sprague@comcast.net NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 39 IS 1 SI SI BP 461 EP 465 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2083695 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 703VM UT WOS:000286009400085 ER PT J AU Marquis, FDS AF Marquis, Fernand D. S. TI The Role of Nanomaterials Systems in Energy and Environment: Renewable Energy SO JOM LA English DT Article C1 [Marquis, Fernand D. S.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Marquis, FDS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JAN PY 2011 VL 63 IS 1 BP 43 EP 43 DI 10.1007/s11837-011-0011-8 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 708II UT WOS:000286355100008 ER PT J AU Marquis, FDS AF Marquis, Fernand D. S. TI Carbon Nanotube Nanostructured Hybrid Materials Systems for Renewable Energy Applications SO JOM LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSFER; HIGH-POWER; NANOPARTICLES; COMPOSITES AB Global energy demand is growing at an alarming and unsustainable rate, drawing mainly on the use of fossil fuels. These reserves are decreasing rapidly and becoming increasingly expensive. The associated emissions of greenhouse gases and other toxic pollutants are becoming environmentally unacceptable. Energy security has become a major issue as fossil fuels are confined to few areas in the world and their availability is controlled by political, economic, and ecological factors. A global coherent energy strategy that encompasses the entire energy life cycle is required in order to address all the forms of energy harvesting, storage, conversion, transmission, and distribution. Hybrid nanomaterial systems hold the key to fundamental advances in direct renewable energy and energy storage and conversion which are needed to enable renewable energy and meet the general energy challenges and associated environmental effects. This paper presents new approaches and methodologies used to design and develop carbon nanotube nanostructured hybrid nanomaterial systems incorporating structural and light-absorbing electron donor polymers, inorganic semiconductors, metallic and ceramic nanoparticles as energy harvesting and storage systems. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Wayne Meyer Inst Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Marquis, FDS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Wayne Meyer Inst Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM fdmar-qui@nps.edu NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JAN PY 2011 VL 63 IS 1 BP 48 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s11837-011-0013-6 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 708II UT WOS:000286355100010 ER PT B AU Fox, WP Vesecky, J Laws, K AF Fox, William P. Vesecky, John Laws, Kenneth BE Bruzzone, A Frydman, C Massei, M McGinnis, M Piera, MA Zacharewicz, G TI MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND SIMULATION FOR DETECTION OF SUICIDE BOMBERS SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING AND APPLIED SIMULATION, MAS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Modeling and Applied Simulation (MAS 2011) CY SEP 12-14, 2011 CL Rome, ITALY SP DIPTEM, Univ Genoa, Liophant Simulat, Simulat Team, Int Mediterranean & Latin Amer Council Simulat, Univ Calabria, Mech Dept, Modell & Simulat Ctr, La b Enterprise Solut, Model & Simulat Ctr Excellence, Riga Tech Univ, Latvian Ctr, LOGISM, Lab Sci Informat Syst, Univ Perugia, LAMCE COPPE UFRJ, Brasilian Ctr, McLeod Inst Simulat Sci, McLeod Model & Simulat Network, Latvian Simulat Soc, Ecole Superieure Ingn Soc Appliquees, Fac Ciencias Exactas, Ingn Agrimensura, Univ Laguna, CONICET UNR UPCAM, Inst Syst & Technol Informat Control & Commun DE military application; radar cross section; detection; suicide bomber AB We examined the use of radar to detect humans wearing a suicide bomb vest with detonation wires. In our research we used the GunnPlexer Doppler radar at 12.5 GHz to collect experiment data of humans both with wires and a vest and without wires. We collected data and broke the reflected radar signal into both horizontal and vertical polarization (HH and VV). We developed several metrics from this data that could be used in building models or algorithms to more accurately detect subjects wearing wires. We discovered additional information about the metrics and used combinations of the metrics so we could increase the detection probability. We built a Monte Carlo simulation to test our theories. To date, we have a success rate over 98% and a false positive rate of under approximately 2%. This research and the results encourage us to think that suicide bombers can be found prior to their detonation of their bombs at a safe range. C1 [Fox, William P.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Vesecky, John; Laws, Kenneth] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Fox, WP (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM wpfox@nps.edu; vesecky@cse.ucsc.edu; kip@soe.ucsc.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DIPTEM UNIV GENOA PI GENOA PA VIA OPERA OUA 15, GENOA, 16145, ITALY BN 978-88-903724-5-2 PY 2011 BP 22 EP 30 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG9DW UT WOS:000393091400004 ER PT B AU van Belle, GT Aufdenberg, J Boyajian, T Harper, G Hummel, C Pedretti, E Baines, E White, R Ravi, V Ridgway, S AF van Belle, Gerard T. Aufdenberg, Jason Boyajian, Tabetha Harper, Graham Hummel, Christian Pedretti, Ettore Baines, Ellyn White, Russel Ravi, Vikram Ridgway, Steve BE JohnsKrull, CMJ Browning, MK West, AA TI Fundamental Stellar Properties from Optical Interferometry SO 16TH CAMBRIDGE WORKSHOP ON COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS AND THE SUN SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY AUG 28-SEP 03, 2010 CL Univ Washington, Seattle, WA SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA Astrobiol Inst, European Space Agcy, Astrophys Res Consortium/Apache Point Observ, Univ Washington Coll Arts & Sci, Univ Washington Dept Astron HO Univ Washington ID LOW-MASS STARS; NEAR-INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES; ACCURATE MASSES; Y-2 ISOCHRONES; PHYSICAL ORBIT; CHARA ARRAY; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; LINEAR RADII AB High-resolution observations by visible and near-infrared interferometers of both single stars and binaries have made significant contributions to the foundations that underpin many aspects of our knowledge of stellar structure and evolution for cool stars. The CS16 splinter on this topic reviewed contributions of optical interferometry to date, examined highlights of current research, and identified areas for contributions with new observational constraints in the near future. C1 [van Belle, Gerard T.; Hummel, Christian] European So Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Aufdenberg, Jason] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. [Boyajian, Tabetha; White, Russel] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Harper, Graham] Astrophys Res Grp, Sch Phys, Dublin, Ireland. [Pedretti, Ettore] Univ St Andrews, Dept Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Baines, Ellyn] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ravi, Vikram] Univ Calif, Berkeley Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ridgway, Steve] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Kitt Peak Natl Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. RP van Belle, GT (reprint author), European So Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-776-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2011 VL 448 BP 517 EP + PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAK14 UT WOS:000304381600050 ER PT S AU Shi, Y Jiang, CM Hou, YT Kompella, S AF Shi, Yi Jiang, Canming Hou, Y. Thomas Kompella, Sastry GP IEEE TI On Capacity Scaling Law of Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks SO 2011 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS (ICCCN) SE IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2011 CL HI SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, U. S. Nat Sci Fdn (NSF), QUALCOMM, Microsoft Res, Eic DE Cognitive radio networks; capacity scaling law ID WIRELESS NETWORKS AB Cognitive radio is envisioned to be an enabling radio technology for future wireless networks. In this paper, we study the capacity scaling laws for cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRNs), i.e., how each individual node's capacity scales as the number of nodes in the network increases. This effort is critical to the fundamental understanding of the scalability of such network. However, due to the heterogeneity in available frequency bands at each node, the asymptotic capacity is much more difficult to develop than prior efforts for other types of wireless networks. To overcome this difficulty, we introduce two auxiliary networks. and a to analyze the capacity upper bound and lower bound. We derive the capacity results under both the protocol model and the physical model. Further, we show that the results developed by Gupta and Kumar for the simple single-channel single-radio (SC-SR) networks are special cases under the results for CRNs. C1 [Shi, Yi; Jiang, Canming; Hou, Y. Thomas] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kompella, Sastry] Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shi, Y (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. FU Naval Research Lab (NRL) [N00173-10-1-G-007]; NSF [CNS-0910531]; ONR FX The work of Y.T. Hou, Y. Shi, and C. Jiang was supported in part by Naval Research Lab (NRL) under Grant N00173-10-1-G-007 and NSF under Grant CNS-0910531. The work of S. Kompella was supported in part by ONR NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-2055 BN 978-1-4577-0638-7 J9 IEEE IC COMP COM NET PY 2011 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BYL72 UT WOS:000299260700195 ER PT S AU Fliflet, AW Gold, SH AF Fliflet, Arne W. Gold, Steven H. BE Koch, M TI Tunable Second Harmonic Gyrotron Based on a 12 T Superconducting, Cryogen-Free Magnet SO 2011 36TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ) SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) CY OCT 02-07, 2011 CL Houston, TX SP Rice Univ, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, NASA, California Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Univ Wollongong ID OSCILLATOR AB Near-THz gyrotrons are of interest for applications such as remote sensing, materials processing, and dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) applications. We are setting up a gyrotron test-bed based on a Cryomagnetics 12-T cryogen-free, 3-inch warm-bore, superconducting magnet to investigate second-and higher-harmonic gyrotrons operating at frequencies up to 1 THz. The first experiments are designed to operate at the second harmonic at frequencies up to 600 GHz and powers in the kilowatt range. A triode electron gun operating at 30-60 kV and 0.5-2 A will be used. A Vlasov-type output coupler designed using geometric optics will be used to extract the output power as a quasi-Gaussian beam. An interaction cavity based on the TE15,2 mode with an effective length of about 1 cm and a Q of 7400 has been designed. The ability to tune the output frequency is important for many applications and is an important objective of this research. Calculations of the expected continuous and step tuning achievable with this cavity will be discussed. Other design calculations and the status of the experiment will be presented. C1 [Fliflet, Arne W.; Gold, Steven H.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fliflet, AW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-2027 BN 978-1-4577-0509-0 J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJT73 UT WOS:000330296300413 ER PT S AU Joye, CD Calame, JP Abe, DK Nguyen, KT Wright, EL Pershing, DE Garven, M Levush, B AF Joye, Colin D. Calame, Jeffrey P. Abe, David K. Nguyen, Khanh T. Wright, Edward L. Pershing, Dean E. Garven, Morag Levush, Baruch BE Koch, M TI 3D UV-LIGA Microfabricated Circuits for a Wideband 50W G-band Serpentine Waveguide Amplifier SO 2011 36TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ) SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) CY OCT 02-07, 2011 CL Houston, TX SP Rice Univ, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, NASA, California Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Univ Wollongong AB A wideband 220 GHz vacuum electronic amplifier is under development utilizing a novel method to fabricate 3D structures comprised of polymer monofilaments to form the beam tunnels and SU-8 to form the electromagnetic circuits. The complete structures are simultaneously formed in one UV-LIGA step. The method shows promise for THz VE microfabrication. C1 [Joye, Colin D.; Calame, Jeffrey P.; Abe, David K.; Levush, Baruch] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Joye, CD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 6840, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-2027 BN 978-1-4577-0509-0 J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI PY 2011 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJT73 UT WOS:000330296300316 ER PT S AU Khachatrian, A Qadri, S Melinger, JS AF Khachatrian, Ani Qadri, Syed Melinger, Joseph S. BE Koch, M TI High Resolution THz Spectroscopy of Ammonium Nitrate and Potassium Nitrate Crystalline Films SO 2011 36TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ) SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) CY OCT 02-07, 2011 CL Houston, TX SP Rice Univ, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, NASA, California Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Univ Wollongong AB We have performed high resolution terahertz vibrational spectroscopy of ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate crystalline films and their mixtures employing waveguide terahertz time domain spectroscopy. Measurements were conducted on films that were drop cast from solution onto aluminum and gold surfaces. The terahertz spectra of the films were compared with more traditional terahertz time domain measurements of ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate pellets. Temperature dependence studies indicate that as samples were cooled to cryogenic temperatures the vibrational lines become significantly narrower and more intense, more so in the case of films than pellets. We also investigate line broadening caused by impurities by measuring terahertz spectra ammonium films containing small amounts of potassium nitrate. C1 [Khachatrian, Ani; Qadri, Syed; Melinger, Joseph S.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Khachatrian, A (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-2027 BN 978-1-4577-0509-0 J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJT73 UT WOS:000330296300464 ER PT S AU Melinger, JS Yang, YH Mandeghar, M Shutler, A Grischkowsky, D AF Melinger, Joseph S. Yang, Yihong Mandeghar, Mahboubeh Shutler, Alisha Grischkowsky, D. BE Koch, M TI THz Detection of Small Molecule Vapors over Long Paths in the Atmospheric Transmission Windows SO 2011 36TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ) SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) CY OCT 02-07, 2011 CL Houston, TX SP Rice Univ, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, NASA, California Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Univ Wollongong AB We describe the initial phase of a long path terahertz time-domain spectroscopy apparatus to detect THz rotational spectra of small vapor phase molecules within the atmospheric transparency windows. We discuss the measurements first for a relatively short path THz propagation path of 6.2 meters, and then for a much longer path of 170 meters. C1 [Melinger, Joseph S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Melinger, JS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-2027 BN 978-1-4577-0509-0 J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI PY 2011 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJT73 UT WOS:000330296300036 ER PT S AU Nagayama, S Sasao, T Butler, JT AF Nagayama, Shinobu Sasao, Tsutomu Butler, Jon T. GP IEEE TI Numeric Function Generators Using Piecewise Arithmetic Expressions SO 2011 41ST IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MULTIPLE-VALUED LOGIC (ISMVL) SE International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st IEEE International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic (ISMVL) CY MAY 23-25, 2011 CL Tuusula, FINLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Tampere Univ Technol, IEEE CS Tech Comm Multiple-Valued Log DE numeric function generators; piecewise arithmetic expressions; nonzero arithmetic coefficients; programmable architectures ID ELEMENTARY-FUNCTIONS; VERIFICATION; DIAGRAMS AB This paper proposes new architectures for numeric function generators (NFGs) using piecewise arithmetic expressions. The proposed architectures are programmable, and they realize a wide range of numeric functions. To design an NFG for a given function, we partition the domain of the function into uniform segments, and transform a sub-function in each segment into an arithmetic spectrum. From this arithmetic spectrum, we derive an arithmetic expression, and realize the arithmetic expression with hardware. Since the arithmetic spectrum has many zero coefficients and repeated coefficients, by storing only distinct nonzero coefficients in a table, we can significantly reduce the table size needed to store arithmetic coefficients. Experimental results show that the table size can be reduced to only a small percent of the table size needed to store all the arithmetic coefficients. We also propose techniques to reduce table size further and to improve performance. C1 [Nagayama, Shinobu] Hiroshima City Univ, Dept Comp & Network Eng, Hiroshima, Japan. [Sasao, Tsutomu] Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan. [Butler, Jon T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nagayama, S (reprint author), Hiroshima City Univ, Dept Comp & Network Eng, Hiroshima, Japan. RI Sasao, Tsutomu/E-9702-2012 FU Ministry of Education Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT); University Grant for Special Academic Research [0206]; [22500050] FX This research is partly supported by the Grant in Aid for Scientific Research of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), funds from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) via Knowledge Cluster Project, the MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), (No. 22500050), 2010, and Hiroshima City University Grant for Special Academic Research (General Studies), (No. 0206), 2010. We would like to thank Prof. R. Stankovic for discussions that motivated this work. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0195-623X BN 978-0-7695-4405-2 J9 INT SYM MVL PY 2011 BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.1109/ISMVL.2011.32 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BXX52 UT WOS:000297350600003 ER PT S AU Robertson, MJ O'Brien, RT AF Robertson, Michael J. O'Brien, Richard T. GP IEEE TI A Comparison of Multi-Switch Bang-Bang and Time-Optimal Zero-Vibration Commands for Rest-to-Rest Moves of a Floating Oscillator SO 2011 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 29-JUL 01, 2011 CL San Fransisco, CA SP Boeing, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, Lockheed Martin, MathWorks, Natl Instruments, NT-MDT, United Technol ID FLEXIBLE STRUCTURES; SYSTEM AB This paper compares two methods for creating multi-switch bang-bang commands to produce rest-to-rest command inputs for a floating oscillator system. The proposed multi-switch, bang-bang commands (MSBB) have constant switching intervals and satisfy zero-vibration (at the end of the maneuver), maximum acceleration, and move distance constraints. The MSBB commands are compared to the Time-Optimal, Zero-Vibration (TO-ZV) commands that produce a vibration-free move for a floating oscillator system. Simulation results show that the proposed MSBB commands are a valid alternative to the TO-ZV command due to the simplicity of the MSBB design procedure, the comparable move times and robustness, and the avoidance of very short switching intervals. C1 [Robertson, Michael J.; O'Brien, Richard T.] USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Brien, RT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM riobrien@usna.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-0081-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2011 BP 4452 EP 4456 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWZ06 UT WOS:000295376005061 ER PT S AU Carr, MA AF Carr, Matthew A. GP ASEE TI Rediscovering Reciprocating Steam A Fresh Look at Historical Steam Power (Reciprocating Steam 101) SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition CY JUN 26-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASEE C1 [Carr, Matthew A.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Carr, MA (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2011 PG 20 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF0CG UT WOS:000378522703069 ER PT S AU Carr, MA AF Carr, Matthew A. GP ASEE TI Developing Engineering Visualization Skills SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition CY JUN 26-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASEE C1 [Carr, Matthew A.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Carr, MA (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2011 PG 8 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF0CH UT WOS:000378523004062 ER PT S AU Esposito, J Wick, CE Knowles, KA AF Esposito, Joel Wick, Carl E. Knowles, Kenneth A. GP ASEE TI A MATLAB TOOLBOX FOR THE USB INTELLITEK SCORBOT SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition CY JUN 26-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASEE AB We present a MATLAB toolbox that interfaces directly with the Intelitek Scorbot one of the most widely used educational articulated robots. The toolbox provides a userfriendly, open source method of accessing the robot's functionality from within MATLAB's powerful integrated development environment, which already includes numerical solvers, image processing routines, neural network libraries, and control system design tools. We describe the development process and the toolbox's features; and illustrate its capabilities with some projects from our own Introductory Robotics class where it was beta tested. A student opinion survey indicated that the toolbox was well received, but suggests its stability could be improved. C1 [Esposito, Joel; Wick, Carl E.; Knowles, Kenneth A.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Esposito, J (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2011 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF0CF UT WOS:000378520705026 ER PT S AU Squires, AF Olwell, DH Ferris, TLJ Hutchison, NAC Pyster, A Enck, S AF Squires, Alice F. Olwell, David H. Ferris, Timothy L. J. Hutchison, Nicole A. C. Pyster, Arthur Enck, Stephanie GP ASEE TI Developing Systems Engineering Graduate Programs Aligned to the Body of Knowledge and Curriculum to Advance Systems Engineering (BKCASE (TM)) Guidelines SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition CY JUN 26-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASEE AB The Body of Knowledge and Curriculum to Advance Systems Engineering (BKCASE (TM)) team, comprised of about 50 systems engineering experts around the world, is in the process of developing two products: a Guide to the Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge (SEBoK), followed by a Graduate Reference Curriculum for Systems Engineering (GRCSE (TM)). Versions 1.0 of the two products are due out by fall 2012, preceded by two annual interim reviews. This paper reviews the knowledge areas and curriculum guidelines addressed in the initial draft versions of these products. A framework for categorizing the alignment of systems engineering programs to GRCSE is presented. Based on their categorization as initial, emerging, developed, or highly developed, programs can design a strategy for further systems engineering curriculum development. The paper ends with a request for reviewers to participate in the upcoming open (public) GRCSE version 0.5 review scheduled to begin year end 2011. C1 [Squires, Alice F.] Stevens Inst Technol, Sch Syst & Enterprises, Syst Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Olwell, David H.; Enck, Stephanie] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA USA. [Ferris, Timothy L. J.] Univ S Australia, Def & Syst Inst, Teaching & Learning, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Hutchison, Nicole A. C.] Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ USA. [Pyster, Arthur] Stevens Inst Technol, Sch Syst & Enterprises, Hoboken, NJ USA. RP Squires, AF (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Sch Syst & Enterprises, Syst Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2011 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF0CF UT WOS:000378520704014 ER PT S AU Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Kim, CS Kim, M Lindle, JR Abell, J Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Bewley, W. W. Canedy, C. L. Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Lindle, J. R. Abell, J. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. GP IEEE TI Single-Mode Interband Cascade Lasers with Coupled Ring Resonators SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We report Fabry-Perot interband cascade lasers coupled to rectangular ring resonators that produce up to 5 mW of cw power in a single spectral mode at 3 degrees C. The tuning range at 3-28 degrees C exceeds 8 nm. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Bewley, W. W.; Canedy, C. L.; Kim, C. S.; Kim, M.; Lindle, J. R.; Abell, J.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402008 ER PT S AU Bowman, SR O'Connor, S Biswal, S Condon, NJ AF Bowman, S. R. O'Connor, S. Biswal, S. Condon, N. J. GP IEEE TI Demonstration and Analysis of a High Power Radiation Balanced Laser SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID HEAT-GENERATION AB Detrimental heating in a high power Yb:YAG laser was eliminated by incorporating anti-Stokes optical cooling. C1 [Bowman, S. R.; O'Connor, S.; Biswal, S.; Condon, N. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bowman, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5624,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM steven.bowman@nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401122 ER PT S AU Brindza, M Rosenberg, A Beadie, G Shirk, JS Ponting, M Baer, E AF Brindza, Michael Rosenberg, A. Beadie, G. Shirk, James S. Ponting, M. Baer, E. GP IEEE TI Refractive Index of Nanolayered Polymeric Optical Materials SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We experimentally tested a predictive model of refractive index proposed for nanolayered polymer films for use in designing and fabricating biologically inspired GRIN lenses, which enables good estimation of index based on component weight fractions. C1 [Brindza, Michael; Rosenberg, A.; Beadie, G.; Shirk, James S.] USN, Opt Sci Div, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ponting, M.; Baer, E.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Ctr Appl Polymer Res, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Brindza, M (reprint author), USN, Opt Sci Div, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Michael.brindza.ctr@nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403180 ER PT S AU Caldwell, JD Glembocki, OJ Bezares, FJ Qi, H Kariniemi, M Prokes, S Niinisto, J Hatanpaa, T Ritala, M Leskela, M Mastro, M AF Caldwell, Joshua D. Glembocki, Orest J. Bezares, Francisco J. Qi, Hua Kariniemi, Maarit Prokes, Sharka Niinisto, Jaakko Hatanpaa, Timo Ritala, Mikko Leskela, Markku Mastro, Michael GP IEEE TI Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Enhancements from Silver Atomic Layer Deposition Coated Nanowire SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Significant enhancement in SERS response from periodic and aperiodic arrays of nanowires coated with silver by atomic layer deposition was observed in comparison to other deposition methods. SERS detection at 10 meters was also observed. C1 [Caldwell, Joshua D.; Glembocki, Orest J.; Bezares, Francisco J.; Qi, Hua; Prokes, Sharka; Mastro, Michael] USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kariniemi, Maarit; Niinisto, Jaakko; Hatanpaa, Timo; Ritala, Mikko; Leskela, Markku] Univ Helsinki, Dept Chem, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Caldwell, JD (reprint author), USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joshua.caldwell@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; Ritala, Mikko/N-7268-2013; Niinisto, Jaakko/J-3894-2014 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; Ritala, Mikko/0000-0002-6210-2980; NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401214 ER PT S AU Carter, SG Kim, D Greilich, A Bracker, AS Gammon, D AF Carter, S. G. Kim, D. Greilich, A. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. GP IEEE TI Ultrafast Optical Entanglement Control between two Quantum Dot Spins SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Using continuous-wave lasers and picosecond optical pulses, we demonstrate initialization, single qubit gates, and two qubit gates in a system of two electron spins in separate tunnel-coupled InAs quantum dots. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Carter, S. G.; Kim, D.; Greilich, A.; Bracker, A. S.; Gammon, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carter, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sam.carter@nrl.navy.mil RI Carter, Sam/G-4589-2012 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403345 ER PT S AU Chi, SH Mazeina, L Prokes, SM Caldwell, JD Beadie, G Flom, SR Shirk, JS AF Chi, S. -H. Mazeina, L. Prokes, S. M. Caldwell, J. D. Beadie, G. Flom, S. R. Shirk, J. S. GP IEEE TI Below Bandgap Excitation of SnO2 Nanowires: The Relaxation of Trap States SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Carrier relaxation of SnO2 nanowires is investigated by excitation at 3.2 eV, similar to 0.4 eV below the bandgap. The excited state transmission spectrum from 1.9-2.7 eV is intensity-dependent and recovers uniformly with a biexponential relaxation route. C1 [Chi, S. -H.; Beadie, G.; Flom, S. R.; Shirk, J. S.] USN, Opt Sci Div, Res Lab, Code5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mazeina, L.; Prokes, S. M.; Caldwell, J. D.] Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chi, SH (reprint author), USN, Opt Sci Div, Res Lab, Code5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403178 ER PT S AU Chi, SH Rosenberg, A Nayak, A Duncan, TV Therien, MJ Butler, JJ Montgomery, SR Beadie, G Flom, SR Shirk, JS AF Chi, S. -H. Rosenberg, A. Nayak, A. Duncan, T. V. Therien, M. J. Butler, J. J. Montgomery, S. R. Beadie, G. Flom, S. R. Shirk, J. S. GP IEEE TI Two-Photon Accessed Excited State Absorption in bis(terpyridyl Osmium)-(Porphinato)Zinc SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Two-photon absorption properties of a (terpyridyl)osmium-(porphinato) zinc (OsPZnOs) are studied in bulk and waveguides. Integration of OsPZnOs (delta>1300GM) in waveguides showed enhanced nonlinear performance and potential for photonic applications. C1 [Chi, S. -H.; Rosenberg, A.; Beadie, G.; Flom, S. R.; Shirk, J. S.] USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nayak, A.; Duncan, T. V.] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Nayak, A.; Therien, M. J.] Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Butler, J. J.] Univ Pacific, Dept Phys, Forest Grove, OR 97116 USA. [Montgomery, S. R.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chi, SH (reprint author), USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402061 ER PT S AU Economou, S Lindner, N Rudolph, T AF Economou, Sophia Lindner, Netanel Rudolph, Terry GP IEEE TI Optically generated 2-dimensional photonic cluster state from coupled quantum dots SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We propose a deterministic approach for the generation of a 2D photonic cluster state from optically manipulated quantum dots. Our scheme can be implemented with existing technology. Error localization allows for quantum error correction (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Economou, Sophia] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lindner, Netanel] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Rudolph, Terry] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Opt Sect, London SW7 2BZ, England. RP Economou, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sophia.economou@nrl.navy.mil FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; US Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported in part by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and the US Office of Naval Research. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612404056 ER PT S AU Garzarella, A Wu, DH AF Garzarella, Anthony Wu, Dong Ho GP IEEE TI An integrated, noninvasive, fiber optic sensor for electric and magnetic field measurement applications SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We describe a ruggedized, nonmetallic, fiber optic sensor utilizing nonlinear crystals for measurements of electric and magnetic fields. Extensive field test results in a variety of RF sources (from dc to 20 GHz) are reported. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Garzarella, Anthony; Wu, Dong Ho] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Garzarella, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612400046 ER PT S AU Hudson, DD Dekker, SA Magi, EC Judge, AC Jackson, SD Li, EB Sanghera, JS Shaw, LB Aggarwal, ID Eggleton, BJ AF Hudson, Darren D. Dekker, Stephen A. Magi, Eric C. Judge, Alexander C. Jackson, Stuart D. Li, Enbang Sanghera, J. S. Shaw, L. B. Aggarwal, I. D. Eggleton, Benjamin J. GP IEEE TI Octave Spanning Supercontinuum in an As2S3 Taper using Ultra-low Pump Pulse Energy SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB An octave spanning spectrum is generated in an As2S3 taper via 77 pJ pulses from an ultrafast fiber laser. Chirp compensation allows the octave to be generated directly from the un-amplified laser output. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Hudson, Darren D.; Dekker, Stephen A.; Magi, Eric C.; Judge, Alexander C.; Jackson, Stuart D.; Li, Enbang; Eggleton, Benjamin J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Ctr Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices Opt Syst, Inst Photon & Opt Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Sanghera, J. S.; Shaw, L. B.; Aggarwal, I. D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hudson, DD (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Ctr Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices Opt Syst, Inst Photon & Opt Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM hudson@physics.usyd.edu.au RI li, enbang/E-9471-2011 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401247 ER PT S AU Lou, JW Villarruel, CA Schermer, RT AF Lou, Janet W. Villarruel, Carl A. Schermer, Ross T. GP IEEE TI Micro-fluidic Flow Switching by Using an Optical Beam SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We report on the application of an optical beam to redirect sheathed micro-fluidic flow without direct interaction with the sample. The hydrodynamic properties of the sheath are locally modified resulting in a sample location shift. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Lou, Janet W.] Global Def Technol & Syst Inc, Miss Syst Div, 2200 Def Highway,Suite 405, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Villarruel, Carl A.; Schermer, Ross T.] US Navy, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lou, JW (reprint author), Global Def Technol & Syst Inc, Miss Syst Div, 2200 Def Highway,Suite 405, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM janet.lou@gtec-inc.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402029 ER PT S AU Manke, GC AF Manke, Gerald C., II GP IEEE TI Lasers in Electronic Warfare SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Manke, GC (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Crane, 300 Hwy 361, Crane, IN 47522 USA. EM gerald.manke@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612400050 ER PT S AU McKinney, JD Briguglio, J Urick, VJ AF McKinney, Jason D. Briguglio, John Urick, Vincent J. GP IEEE TI Optical Comb Sources for Suppression of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Long-Haul Analog Photonic Links SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate a 50-km repeater-less analog optical link with a record spur-free dynamic range of similar to 105 dB-Hz(2/3). An optical comb source mitigates stimulated Brillouin scattering allowing increased launch power and reduced optical post-amplification. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [McKinney, Jason D.; Urick, Vincent J.] USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Briguglio, John] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP McKinney, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jason.mckinney@nrl.navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612400100 ER PT S AU Melinger, JS Shutler, A Yang, YH Grischkowsky, D AF Melinger, Joseph S. Shutler, Alisha Yang, Yihong Grischkowsky, D. GP IEEE TI Long Path THz Detection of Small Molecule Vapors in the Atmospheric Transparency Windows SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate the first phase of a long path THz-TDS apparatus to remotely detect the THz spectrum of small vapor phase molecules with rotational transitions that fall within the atmospheric transparency windows. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Melinger, Joseph S.] USN, Res Lab, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shutler, Alisha; Yang, Yihong; Grischkowsky, D.] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Melinger, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joseph.melinger@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [10-2960M] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (10-2960M). NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401291 ER PT S AU Pruessner, MW Stievater, TH Khurgin, JB Rabinovich, WS AF Pruessner, M. W. Stievater, T. H. Khurgin, J. B. Rabinovich, W. S. GP IEEE TI An optically pumped phonon laser in a silicon micromechanical oscillator SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We experimentally demonstrate and explain phonon "lasing" ("PhASER") in a photo-pumped micromechanical cavity that exhibits all the characteristic of a standard laser near threshold and is described by the standard laser equations. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Pruessner, M. W.; Stievater, T. H.; Rabinovich, W. S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Khurgin, J. B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Pruessner, MW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612404175 ER PT S AU Pruessner, MW Khurgin, JB Stievater, TH Bass, R Rabinovich, WS Boos, JB Urick, VJ AF Pruessner, M. W. Khurgin, J. B. Stievater, T. H. Bass, R. Rabinovich, W. S. Boos, J. B. Urick, V. J. GP IEEE TI Add-Drop Filter Incorporating a Mode-Conversion Cavity SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID RESONATOR; RING AB We demonstrate a new add-drop filter architecture combining an asymmetric Y-branch mode conversion waveguide and a high index contrast shifted grating mode-conversion cavity. Measurements show add-drop functionality in a linear Fabry-Perot filter. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Pruessner, M. W.; Stievater, T. H.; Bass, R.; Rabinovich, W. S.; Boos, J. B.; Urick, V. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Khurgin, J. B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Pruessner, MW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401330 ER PT S AU Stievater, TH Park, D Pruessner, MW Rabinovich, WS Holmstrom, SA Kanakaraju, S Richardson, CJK Khurgin, JB AF Stievater, T. H. Park, D. Pruessner, M. W. Rabinovich, W. S. Holmstrom, S. A. Kanakaraju, S. Richardson, C. J. K. Khurgin, J. B. GP IEEE TI Polarization Dependence of Facet Reflectivity in Rectangular Submicron Waveguides SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID LASERS AB We measure and theoretically describe the polarization anisotropy of the facet reflectivity in rectangular, subwavelength waveguides. This effect is increasingly impacting the performance of integrated optical devices as the lateral size scale shrinks. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Stievater, T. H.; Park, D.; Pruessner, M. W.; Rabinovich, W. S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Holmstrom, S. A.] Univ Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. [Kanakaraju, S.; Richardson, C. J. K.] Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Khurgin, J. B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Stievater, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stievater@nrl.navy.mil RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403031 ER PT S AU Butler, JT Sasao, T AF Butler, J. T. Sasao, T. GP IEEE TI Fast constant weight codeword to index converter SO 2011 IEEE 54TH INTERNATIONAL MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (MWSCAS) SE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS) CY AUG 07-10, 2011 CL Yonsei Univ, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, CAS, IEEK, SK Telecom, Korea Tourism Org, Seoul Tourism Org HO Yonsei Univ DE constant weight code words; converters; encoding ID CODES AB Constant weight codewords, in which the number of 1's is constant, are essential to combinatorial computing. For example, it is often useful to generate all subsets of a set with a fixed number of elements. In this paper, we show an efficient circuit that converts a constant weight codeword into a unique index of that codeword. This circuit is a necessary part of a circuit that uses constant weight codewords to transmit data on and off chip. Our circuit is based on the combinatorial number system in which the digits are binomial coefficients ((n)(r)). Experimental results show the efficiency of our design. C1 [Butler, J. T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Sasao, T.] Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Fukuoka, Japan. RP Butler, JT (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Sasao, Tsutomu/E-9702-2012 FU MEXT Regional Innovation Cluster Program (Global Type, 2nd Stage); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) FX This research is partly supported by the MEXT Regional Innovation Cluster Program (Global Type, 2nd Stage), and a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grantin-Aid for Scientific Research. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3746 BN 978-1-61284-857-0 J9 MIDWEST SYMP CIRCUIT PY 2011 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BXG35 UT WOS:000296057200049 ER PT S AU Geoghegan, KB Heedley, PL Matthews, TW Michael, S AF Geoghegan, Kevin B. Heedley, Perry L. Matthews, Thomas W. Michael, Sherif GP IEEE TI Design of a CMOS Track-and-Hold Amplifier for a 6-bit 1-GS/s Interpolating Flash ADC SO 2011 IEEE 54TH INTERNATIONAL MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (MWSCAS) SE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS) CY AUG 07-10, 2011 CL Yonsei Univ, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, CAS, IEEK, SK Telecom, Korea Tourism Org, Seoul Tourism Org HO Yonsei Univ AB The design of a CMOS track-and-hold amplifier (THA) for a 6-bit 1-GS/s interpolating flash ADC is presented. Since the goal of the overall project was to determine the performance of a new ADC calibration architecture, the THA was prohibited from being the limiting factor in the performance of the ADC; consequently the THA was required to have at least 56dB of signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) at the Nyquist frequency. The THA architecture, design methodology, and supporting simulation results will be presented. C1 [Geoghegan, Kevin B.; Michael, Sherif] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Geoghegan, Kevin B.; Heedley, Perry L.; Matthews, Thomas W.] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Geoghegan, KB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3746 BN 978-1-61284-857-0 J9 MIDWEST SYMP CIRCUIT PY 2011 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BXG35 UT WOS:000296057200077 ER PT S AU Mai, TV Molnar, JA Rudd, K AF Mai, Trang V. Molnar, Joseph A. Rudd, Kevin GP IEEE TI Security Vulnerabilities In Physical Layer Of Cognitive Radio SO 2011 IEEE 54TH INTERNATIONAL MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (MWSCAS) SE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS) CY AUG 07-10, 2011 CL Yonsei Univ, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, CAS, IEEK, SK Telecom, Korea Tourism Org, Seoul Tourism Org HO Yonsei Univ DE Cognitive Radios; CR; Dynamic Spectrum Access; DSA; Primary User; Secondary User; PUE; DoS; Spectrum Honeyspot AB Cognitive Radio (CR) with Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) is a promising technology to alleviate spectrum shortage problem in wireless communications. Military and commercial interests in the technology are high, to promote greater spectrum efficiency. The CR/DSA radio networking, however, introduces entirely new classes of security threats and providing strong security may prove to be the most difficult aspect of making CR/DSA a viable technology. In this paper, we focus on security vulnerabilities in the physical (PHY) layer of CR/DSA radio networks with energy based spectrum sensing. Various types of threats in PHY layer will be described, a testbed was developed and the results of security assessments on Primary User Emulation attack, Denial of Service attack and Spectrum Honeypot attack will be presented. C1 [Mai, Trang V.; Molnar, Joseph A.; Rudd, Kevin] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mai, TV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3746 BN 978-1-61284-857-0 J9 MIDWEST SYMP CIRCUIT PY 2011 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BXG35 UT WOS:000296057200236 ER PT S AU Whitty, RD Walker, TO Anderson, CR AF Whitty, Ryan D. Walker, T. Owens, III Anderson, Christopher R. GP IEEE TI Defining the Cyber Domain for Wireless Communications Security SO 2011 IEEE 54TH INTERNATIONAL MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (MWSCAS) SE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS) CY AUG 07-10, 2011 CL Yonsei Univ, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, CAS, IEEK, SK Telecom, Korea Tourism Org, Seoul Tourism Org HO Yonsei Univ AB With an emphasis on the role of wireless communications, this paper defines the cyber domain from a technical point of view. It divides the domain into three functional layers: the core, wireless and cross-domain interface. This paper highlights the role and security vulnerabilities of the wireless layer and asserts the need for increasing research in this area. C1 [Whitty, Ryan D.; Walker, T. Owens, III; Anderson, Christopher R.] USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wireless Measurements Grp, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Whitty, RD (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wireless Measurements Grp, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3746 BN 978-1-61284-857-0 J9 MIDWEST SYMP CIRCUIT PY 2011 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BXG35 UT WOS:000296057200233 ER PT S AU Rowland, DE Collier, MR Sigwarth, JB Jones, SL Hill, JK Benson, R Choi, M Chornay, D Cooper, J Feng, S Gill, N Goodloe, C Han, L Hancock, H Hunsaker, F Jones, N Keller, JW Klenzing, J Kleyner, I Moore, T Ogilvie, K Pfaff, R Price, T Roman, J Rodruiguez, M Rozmarynowski, P Saulino, M Sheikh, S Simms, K Yew, A Young, E Joseph, K Boudreaux, M Casas, J Myre, CD Billy, S AF Rowland, Douglas E. Collier, Michael R. Sigwarth, John B. Jones, Sarah L. Hill, Joanne K. Benson, Robert Choi, Michael Chornay, Dennis Cooper, John Feng, Steven Gill, Nathaniel Goodloe, Colby Han, Lawrence Hancock, Holly Hunsaker, Floyd Jones, Noble Keller, John W. Klenzing, Jeffrey Kleyner, Igor Moore, Tom Ogilvie, Keith Pfaff, Robert Price, Tracy Roman, Joe Rodruiguez, Marcello Rozmarynowski, Paul Saulino, Mark Sheikh, Salman Simms, Ken Yew, Alvin Young, Eric Joseph, Kujawski Boudreaux, Mark Casas, Joseph Myre, C. D. R. David Billy, Smith GP IEEE TI Science of Opportunity: Heliophysics on the FASTSAT Mission and STP-S26 SO 2011 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2011 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID SOLAR-WIND; NEUTRAL ATOMS; ION OUTFLOW; 1 AU; IMAGE; CUSP AB The FASTSAT spacecraft, which was launched on November 19, 2010 on the DoD STP-S26 mission, carries three instruments developed in joint collaboration by NASA GSFC and the US Naval Academy: PISA, TTI, and MINI-ME.(1,2) As part of a rapid-development, low-cost instrument design and fabrication program, these instruments were a perfect match for FASTSAT, which was designed and built in less than one year. These instruments, while independently developed, provide a collaborative view of important processes in the upper atmosphere relating to solar and energetic particle input, atmospheric response, and ion outflow. PISA measures in-situ irregularities in electron number density, TTI provides limb measurements of the atomic oxygen temperature profile with altitude, and MINI-ME provides a unique look at ion populations by a remote sensing technique involving neutral atom imaging. Together with other instruments and payloads on STP-S26 such as the NSF RAX mission, FalconSat-5, and NanoSail-D (launched as a tertiary payload from FASTSAT), these instruments provide a valuable "constellation of opportunity" for following the flow of energy and charged and neutral particles through the upper atmosphere. Together, and for a small fraction of the price of a major mission, these spacecraft will measure the energetic electrons impacting the upper atmosphere, the ions leaving it, and the large-scale plasma and neutral response to these energy inputs. The result will be a new model for maximizing scientific return from multiple small, distributed payloads as secondary payloads on a larger launch vehicle. C1 [Rowland, Douglas E.; Collier, Michael R.; Sigwarth, John B.; Jones, Sarah L.; Hill, Joanne K.; Benson, Robert; Choi, Michael; Chornay, Dennis; Cooper, John; Feng, Steven; Gill, Nathaniel; Goodloe, Colby; Han, Lawrence; Hancock, Holly; Hunsaker, Floyd; Jones, Noble; Keller, John W.; Klenzing, Jeffrey; Kleyner, Igor; Moore, Tom; Ogilvie, Keith; Pfaff, Robert; Price, Tracy; Roman, Joe; Rodruiguez, Marcello; Rozmarynowski, Paul; Saulino, Mark; Sheikh, Salman; Simms, Ken; Yew, Alvin; Young, Eric] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Joseph, Kujawski] Siena Coll, Dept Phys, Loudonville, NY 92051 USA. [Boudreaux, Mark; Casas, Joseph] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Myre, C. D. R. David; Billy, Smith] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Rowland, DE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Douglas.E.Rowland@nasa.gov RI Moore, Thomas/D-4675-2012; Klenzing, Jeff/E-2406-2011; Rowland, Douglas/F-5589-2012; Pfaff, Robert/F-5703-2012; Collier, Michael/I-4864-2013; Keller, John/I-5097-2013; Jones, Sarah/D-5293-2012 OI Moore, Thomas/0000-0002-3150-1137; Klenzing, Jeff/0000-0001-8321-6074; Rowland, Douglas/0000-0003-0948-6257; Pfaff, Robert/0000-0002-4881-9715; Collier, Michael/0000-0001-9658-6605; FU NASA MSFC; NASA GSFC IRAD program; DoD Space Test Program; Space Experiments Review Board; US Naval Academy FX The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the technical support, leadership, and financial support of NASA MSFC, the NASA GSFC IRAD program, the DoD Space Test Program and Space Experiments Review Board, and the US Naval Academy. At USNA, in particular, we are grateful for the leadership of Prof. Billy Smith, who kicked off the effort to fly GSFC Heliophysics technology demonstration instruments on a low-cost satellite. In addition, we would like to gratefully acknowledge the leadership, grace, and dedication of two of our fallen team members, Dr. John Sigwarth, and Floyd Hunsaker, who both passed away in December, 2010. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-7351-9 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2011 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BXL11 UT WOS:000296277200014 ER PT S AU Beranek, M Hackert, M McDermott, B Cotterill, J Ebert, E Feix, L Martinec, D AF Beranek, Mark Hackert, Michael McDermott, Brian Cotterill, John Ebert, Eugene Feix, Laura Martinec, Daniel GP IEEE TI MILITARY AND AEROSPACE STANDARDS FOR DIGITAL AVIONICS FIBER OPTIC SYSTEMS SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC AB Over the past decade the maturation of digital avionics fiber optics technology has resulted in the update or creation of several defense/aerospace standards that did not exist a decade ago. These new-era standards address airborne/aerospace platform fiber optic interconnects including connectors, cables, fibers, splices, cable assemblies, harness installation, digital fiber optic system design, and fiber optic link loss budget design methodology and margin requirements. The new standards also address maintain-ability, supportability, awareness education and training. C1 [Beranek, Mark; Hackert, Michael; McDermott, Brian] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Cotterill, John] JSC Aeropt Ltd, Bristol, Avon, England. [Ebert, Eugene] DLA Land & Maritime, Columbus, OH USA. [Feix, Laura] SAE Int, Warrendale, PA USA. [Martinec, Daniel] ARINC, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Beranek, M (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2011 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957001027 ER PT J AU Roe, MW Trenchard, ME Lohrenz, MC AF Roe, Marvin W. Trenchard, Michael E. Lohrenz, Maura C. GP IEEE TI Integrating Vector Overlay Information Into Naval Digital Map Systems SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC C1 [Roe, Marvin W.; Trenchard, Michael E.; Lohrenz, Maura C.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Roe, MW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM marvin.roe@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON PY 2011 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957003026 ER PT J AU Roe, MW Trenchard, ME Lohrenz, MC AF Roe, Marvin W. Trenchard, Michael E. Lohrenz, Maura C. GP IEEE TI INTEGRATING VECTOR OVERLAY INFORMATION INTO NAVAL DIGITAL MAP SYSTEMS SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC AB The US Navy's aviation platforms rely on cockpit moving-map displays to provide an accurate geospatial representation of a mission area to the warfighter to enhance situational awareness and improve mission effectiveness. Older digital map systems would simply display digitized, paper aeronautical charts to pilots and navigators. Navy systems now utilize the Tactical Aircraft Moving Map Capability (TAMMAC) as the common digital mapping system (DMS) for naval fixed wing aircraft. TAMMAC provides the enhanced capability to support digital terrain elevation data and imagery, in addition to digitized aeronautical charts. As technology has progressed, a newer model of TAMMAC provides advanced capabilities, including the ability to support vector overlay features integrated with other avionic functions in the DMS. Scientists at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) have experience processing and compiling DMS data, as well as applying human factors principles to improve display design and facilitate pilots' and mission planners' comprehension of complex geospatial data. The goal is to help close the gap in enabling the extended capability of mission-specific vector overlays and to study its use to improve aircrew performance. This paper discusses prototype software developed by NRL that leverages several existing mission support software tools to select and prepare test datasets. The paper also evaluates test results from using these datasets within the DMS and proposes future work motivated by our findings. C1 [Roe, Marvin W.; Trenchard, Michael E.; Lohrenz, Maura C.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Roe, MW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM marvin.roe@nrlssc.navy.mil; michael.trenchard@nrlssc.navy.mil; maura.lohrenz@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-61284-798-6 J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON PY 2011 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI77 UT WOS:000298957001009 ER PT S AU Lock, RJ Peiris, BHPM Bates, S Burgess, SC Vaidyanathan, R AF Lock, Richard J. Peiris, B. H. Pasindu M. Bates, Simon Burgess, Stuart C. Vaidyanathan, Ravi GP IEEE TI Quantification of the Benefits of a Compliant Foil for Underwater Flapping Wing Propulsion SO 2011 IEEE/ASME INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED INTELLIGENT MECHATRONICS (AIM) SE IEEE ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics CY JUL 03-07, 2011 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc (RA), IEEE Ind Elect Soc (IES), Amer Soc Mech Engn (ASME) Dynam Syst & Control Div (DSC), Budapest Univ Technol & Economi, Hungarian Acad Sci, Comp & Automat Res Inst ID FLIGHT AB This paper presents results detailing the performance of a flexible wing for use on a vehicle capable of both aerial and aquatic modes of locomotion, with primary focus on the aquatic substrate. The motivation for the research stems from the ability of avian species within the natural world demonstrating this multi-modal capability, utilsing a flapping mechanism as a means of propulsive generation. The fundamental aim is to capture the beneficial traits of a flexible wing and quantify any potential improvements in performance. We present a simplified numerical model which acts as an initial design tool prior to the fabrication of a flexible wing. This model aids in wing geometry selection so that under key kinematic parameters the wing passively deforms during aquatic operations in a beneficial manner, in an attempt to increase the maximum lift coefficient of the foil. Using the model we have fabricated a flexible wing and experimentally evaluated its performance in a range of tests, varying kinematic parameters relating to the flapping motion and forward velocities and compared this with a rigid wing model to investigate if the passive chord-wise flexibility leads to an increase in propulsive efficiency. We present the initial data set making this comparison, showing that the flexible wing was found to exhibit higher propulsive efficiencies at specific kinematic parameter sets. This modeling and experimental study will provide a foundation for the design of future vehicles capable of swimming and aerial locomotion, and help quantify the benefits of passively compliant structures in flapping wing propulsion. C1 [Lock, Richard J.; Peiris, B. H. Pasindu M.; Bates, Simon; Burgess, Stuart C.] Univ Bristol, Dept Mech Engn, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England. [Vaidyanathan, Ravi] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Vaidyanathan, Ravi] Univ London Imperial Coll London, Dept Mech Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Lock, RJ (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Mech Engn, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England. EM Richard.Lock@bristol.ac.uk; bp8825@bristol.ac.uk; sb8016@bristol.ac.uk; S.C.Burgess@bristol.ac.uk; r.vaidyanathan@imperial.ac.uk FU UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) FX This work was supported by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2159-6255 BN 978-1-4577-0839-8 J9 IEEE ASME INT C ADV PY 2011 BP 898 EP 903 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BYH50 UT WOS:000298805800150 ER PT S AU Kamgar-Parsi, B Kamgar-Parsi, B AF Kamgar-Parsi, Behzad Kamgar-Parsi, Behrooz GP IEEE TI Matching 2D Image Lines to 3D Models: Two Improvements and a New Algorithm SO 2011 IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION (CVPR) SE IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) CY JUN 20-25, 2011 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP IEEE ID POSE ESTIMATION; CORRESPONDENCES; POINT; SETS; 2-D AB We revisit the problem of matching a set of lines in the 2D image to a set of corresponding lines in the 3D model for the following reasons. (a) Existing algorithms that treat lines as in infinitely long contain a flaw, namely, the solutions found are not invariant with respect to the choice of the coordinate frame. The source of this flaw is in the way lines are represented. We propose a frame-independent representation for sets of in infinite lines that removes the non-invariance flaw. (b) Algorithms for funding the best rigid transform are nonlinear optimizations that are sensitive to initialization and may result in unreliable and expensive solutions. We present a new recipe for initialization that exploits the 3D geometry of the problem and is applicable to all algorithms that perform the matching in the 3D scene. Experiments show that with this initialization all algorithms find the best transform. (c) We present a new efficient matching algorithm that is significantly faster than existing alternatives, since it does not require explicit evaluation of the cost function and its derivatives. C1 [Kamgar-Parsi, Behzad] Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Kamgar-Parsi, Behrooz] Naval Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res AI, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kamgar-Parsi, B (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1063-6919 BN 978-1-4577-0393-5 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BXB85 UT WOS:000295615802077 ER PT J AU Abramson, M Will, I Mittu, R AF Abramson, Myriam Will, Ian Mittu, Ranjeev GP IEEE TI Hybrid Tuning of an Evolutionary Algorithm for Sensor Allocation SO 2011 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION (CEC) SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) CY JUN 05-08, 2011 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc AB The application of evolutionary algorithms to the optimization of sensor allocation given different target configurations requires the tuning of parameters affecting the robustness and run time of the algorithm. In this context, parameter settings in evolutionary algorithms are usually set through empirical testing or rules of thumb that do not always provide optimal results within time constraints. Design of experiments (DOE) is a methodology that provides some principled guidance on parameter settings in a constrained experiment environment but relies itself on a final inductive step for optimization. This paper describes a sensor allocation tool developed for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) in the maritime domain and introduces a hybrid methodology based on DOE and machine learning techniques that enables the tuning of an embedded particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for different scenarios. C1 [Abramson, Myriam; Will, Ian; Mittu, Ranjeev] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Abramson, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Myriam.Abramson@nrl.navy.mil; ian.will@nrl.navy.mil; ranjeev.mittu@nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-7835-4 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2011 BP 1672 EP 1678 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BDE13 UT WOS:000312932600226 ER PT J AU Isaacs, JC AF Isaacs, Jason C. GP IEEE TI STOCHASTIC CONSTRUCTIONS OF EQUIANGULAR TIGHT FRAMES SO 2011 IEEE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP AND IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING EDUCATION WORKSHOP (DSP/SPE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop/IEEE Signal Processing Education Workshop (DSP/SPE) CY JAN 04-07, 2011 CL Sedona, AZ SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Equiangular tight frames; genetic algorithms; cross-entropy; particle swarm optimization AB Equiangular tight frames have applications in communications, signal processing, and coding theory. Previous work demonstrates that few real equiangular tight frames exist for most pairs (n,d). This work compares three stochastic solutions to the frame design problem, specifically, the problem of designing real equiangular tight frames by minimizing the subspace minor angle sum-squared error. Numerical experiments show that particle swarm optimization outperforms genetic algorithms and the cross-entropy method for equiangular tight frame constructions for pairs (d+1,d) with d less than nine and specific pairs (n,d) where an equiangular tight frame is known to exist. C1 USN, Sensing Sci Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL USA. RP Isaacs, JC (reprint author), USN, Sensing Sci Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-61284-227-1 PY 2011 BP 66 EP 71 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYH48 UT WOS:000298803400012 ER PT J AU Tucker, JD Cobb, JT Azimi-Sadjadi, MR AF Tucker, J. Derek Cobb, J. Tory Azimi-Sadjadi, Mahmood R. GP IEEE TI GENERALIZED LIKELIHOOD RATIO TEST FOR FINITE MIXTURE MODEL OF K-DISTRIBUTED RANDOM VARIABLES SO 2011 IEEE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP AND IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING EDUCATION WORKSHOP (DSP/SPE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop/IEEE Signal Processing Education Workshop (DSP/SPE) CY JAN 04-07, 2011 CL Sedona, AZ SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Binary hypothesis testing; K-distributed clutter; non-Gaussian signal detection; sonar imagery; underwater target detection ID SONAR IMAGES; CLASSIFICATION; REVERBERATION AB In this paper a new detection method for sonar imagery is developed for K-distributed background clutter using a finite mixture model (FMM) of K-distributions. The method for estimation of the parameters of the FMM and a generalized log-likelihood ratio test is derived. The detector is compared to the corresponding counterparts derived for the standard K-, Gaussian, and Rayleigh distributions. Test results of the proposed method on a data set of synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) images is also presented. This database contains images with synthetically generated targets of different shapes inserted into real SAS background imagery. Results illustrating the effectiveness of the FMM K-distributed detector are presented in terms of probability of detection, false alarm rates, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for various bottom clutter conditions. C1 [Tucker, J. Derek; Cobb, J. Tory] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. [Azimi-Sadjadi, Mahmood R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Tucker, JD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. EM james.d.tucker@navy.mil; james.cobb@navy.mil; azimi@engr.colostate.edu FU NSWC PCD; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the NSWC PCD In-house Laboratory Independent Research program funded by the Office of Naval Research. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-61284-227-1 PY 2011 BP 443 EP 448 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYH48 UT WOS:000298803400078 ER PT J AU Isaacs, JC Tucker, JD AF Isaacs, Jason C. Tucker, James D. GP IEEE TI SIGNAL DIFFUSION FEATURES FOR AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION IN SYNTHETIC APERTURE SONAR SO 2011 IEEE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP AND IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING EDUCATION WORKSHOP (DSP/SPE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop/IEEE Signal Processing Education Workshop (DSP/SPE) CY JAN 04-07, 2011 CL Sedona, AZ SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; EIGENMAPS AB Given a high dimensional dataset, one would like to be able to represent this data using fewer parameters while preserving relevant signal information, previously this was done with principal component analysis, factor analysis, or basis pursuit. However, if we assume the original data actually exists on a lower dimensional manifold embedded in a high dimensional feature space, then recently popularized approaches based in graph-theory and differential geometry allow us to learn the underlying manifold that generates the data. One such manifold-learning technique, called Diffusion Maps, is said to preserve the local proximity between data points by first constructing a representation for the underlying manifold. This work examines binary target classification problems using Diffusion Maps to embed inverse imaged synthetic aperture sonar signal data with various diffusion kernel representations for automatic target recognition. Results over three sonar datasets demonstrate that the resulting diffusion maps capture suitable discriminating information from the signals to improve target recognition and drastically lower the false alarm rate. C1 [Isaacs, Jason C.; Tucker, James D.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Isaacs, JC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-61284-227-1 PY 2011 BP 461 EP 465 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYH48 UT WOS:000298803400081 ER PT S AU Oriti, G Julian, AL Zulaica, D AF Oriti, Giovanna Julian, Alexander L. Zulaica, Daniel GP IEEE TI Doubly Fed Induction Machine Drive Distance Learning Laboratory for Wind Power and Electric Ship Propulsion Applications SO 2011 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE) SE IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) CY SEP 17-22, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc AB This paper presents a new remotely controlled hardware laboratory for distance learning education. The hardware includes a doubly fed induction machine with a bidirectional power source on the rotor to emulate the operation of a wind power generation system. The new laboratory is designed to reinforce the theory learned in class and to verify that modeling and simulations of the lab machine are accurate. The power conversion system is controlled by two FPGA based controllers which communicate with a web server PC through a USB interface so that the laboratory can be executed on campus as well as remotely. The remote students only need access to a PC with internet connection and a standard browser, without the need to install any software or modify its security settings. C1 [Oriti, Giovanna; Julian, Alexander L.; Zulaica, Daniel] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Oriti, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM giovanna.oriti@ieee.org NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2329-3721 BN 978-1-4577-0541-0 J9 IEEE ENER CONV PY 2011 BP 1897 EP 1903 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX82 UT WOS:000297545902051 ER PT S AU Kelly, JF Giraldo, FX Jost, G AF Kelly, James F. Giraldo, Francis X. Jost, Gabriele GP IEEE TI Scalability of Semi-Implicit Time Integrators for Nonhydrostatic Galerkin-based Atmospheric Models on Large Scale Clusters SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING (CLUSTER) SE IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER) CY SEP 26-30, 2011 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Intel, Dell, SGI, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp (TCSC), Platform Comp, Mellanox, RGM Advisors, LLC, Data Direct, AMD, HPCwire DE atmospheric models; time integrators; MPI; scalability; performance AB We describe our ongoing effort to optimize a next-generation atmospheric model based on the continuous Galerkin, or spectral element, method: the Nonhydrostatic Unified Model of the Atmosphere (NUMA), which is targeted towards large cluster architectures. The linear solver within a distributed memory paradigm is critical for overall model efficiency. The goal of this work-in-progress is to investigate the scalability of the model for different solvers and determine a set of optimal solvers to be used for different situations. We will describe our novel approach and demonstrate its scalability on a variety of clusters of multicore node clusters. We also present performance statistics to explain the scalability behavior. C1 [Kelly, James F.; Giraldo, Francis X.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA USA. [Jost, Gabriele] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Adv Comp Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Kelly, JF (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA USA. EM jfkelly@nps.edu; fxgirald@nps.edu; gjost@tacc.utexas.edu FU Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) of the University of Texas at Austin FX We would like to thank the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) of the University of Texas at Austin which supported us by providing compute time and valuable support for our experiments on the Ranger and the Lonestar Clusters. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1552-5244 BN 978-0-7695-4516-5 J9 IEEE INT C CL COMP PY 2011 BP 561 EP 565 DI 10.1109/CLUSTER.2011.70 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BYG36 UT WOS:000298564900068 ER PT S AU Henderson, CA Feemster, MG Robertson, MJ AF Henderson, Chad A. Feemster, Matthew G. Robertson, Michael J. GP IEEE TI Application of Command Shaping to a Convoy of Ground Vehicles SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS (CCA) SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA) CY SEP 28-30, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Control Syst Soc ID SYSTEMS AB This paper documents the effect that command shaping has on the inter-vehicular spacing performance of autonomous convoys. The control method is based only on distance measurements between vehicles in the platoon. The lead vehicle's longitudinal controller was developed to follow a given velocity. The follower vehicles maintain the desired spacing using distance measurements to the preceding and following vehicles. Three overall control schemes were experimentally tested: PD control without lead vehicle velocity information, PD control with lead vehicle velocity information and PID control without lead vehicle velocity information. In all cases adding command shaping led to improved performance. This approach leads to more physically realizable controller efforts for the follower vehicles and helps maintain and improve string stability. C1 [Henderson, Chad A.; Feemster, Matthew G.; Robertson, Michael J.] USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Robertson, MJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM feemster@usna.edu; mroberts@usna.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-1992 BN 978-1-4577-1063-6 J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR PY 2011 BP 345 EP 350 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BXV14 UT WOS:000297216500040 ER PT S AU Calusdian, J Yun, XP Bachmann, E AF Calusdian, James Yun, Xiaoping Bachmann, Eric GP IEEE TI Adaptive-Gain Complementary Filter of Inertial and Magnetic Data for Orientation Estimation SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 09-13, 2011 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, Minist Educ China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sci & Technol Commiss Shanghai Municipal, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot & Syst, Zhejiang Univ, Inst Cyber-Syst & Control, Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Beihang Univ, Robotics Inst, Beijing Res Inst Automat Machinery Ind, Tianjin Univ, Sch Mech Engn, ABB, YASKAWA Elect, KUKA, Willow Garage, Googol Tech., Adept Mobile Robots, Harbin Boshi Automat, Natl Instruments, Beijing Universal Pioneering Technol, Real-Time Control & Instrumentat Lab, GE Global Res, ALDEBARAN Robot, Int Federat Robot (IFR), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE Accelerometers; inertial sensors; magnetic sensors; complementary filter; orientation estimation ID MECHANICAL-THERMAL NOISE AB Accurate estimation of orientation based on data from small low-cost strapdown inertial and magnetic sensors is often inaccurate during highly dynamic motion or when trying to track movements that include two or more periods characterized by significantly different frequencies. This paper presents a complementary filtering algorithm for estimating orientation based on inertial/magnetic sensor measurements. The algorithm takes advantage of the complementary nature of the information offered by high-frequency angular rate sensor data and low-frequency accelerometers and magnetometers. The filtering algorithm utilizes a single gain that can be adaptively adjusted to achieve satisfactory performance while tracking two or more different types of motion. An additional feature of our approach involves the simple estimation of the gyro bias during periods exhibiting low dynamics and its subsequent use to correct the instantaneous gyro measurements. Simulation and experimental results are presented that demonstrate the performance of the algorithm during slow or nearly static movements, as well as, those which are highly dynamic. Experimental results indicate that the algorithm is able to track pitch and roll during dynamic motion with an RMS error of less than two degrees. This is believed to be superior to current proprietary commercial algorithms. C1 [Calusdian, James; Yun, Xiaoping] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Bachmann, Eric] Miami Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Software Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Calusdian, J (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU National Science Foundation (NSF); Army Research Office (ARO) FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Army Research Office (ARO) NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-61284-385-8 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2011 BP 1916 EP 1922 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BGW51 UT WOS:000324383401022 ER PT S AU Chung, TH Carpin, S AF Chung, Timothy H. Carpin, Stefano GP IEEE TI Multiscale Search using Probabilistic Quadtrees SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 09-13, 2011 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, Minist Educ China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sci & Technol Commiss Shanghai Municipal, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot & Syst, Zhejiang Univ, Inst Cyber-Syst & Control, Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Beihang Univ, Robotics Inst, Beijing Res Inst Automat Machinery Ind, Tianjin Univ, Sch Mech Engn, ABB, YASKAWA Elect, KUKA, Willow Garage, Googol Tech., Adept Mobile Robots, Harbin Boshi Automat, Natl Instruments, Beijing Universal Pioneering Technol, Real-Time Control & Instrumentat Lab, GE Global Res, ALDEBARAN Robot, Int Federat Robot (IFR), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ AB We propose a novel framework to search for a static target using a multiscale representation. The algorithm we present is appropriate when the target detection sensor trades off accuracy versus covered area, e. g., when a UAV can fly and sense at different elevations. A structure based on quadtrees is used to propagate a posterior about the target location using a variable resolution representation that is dynamically refined in regions associated with higher probability of target presence. Probabilities are updated using a Bayesian approach accounting for erroneous sensor readings in the form of false positives and missed detections. The model we propose is coupled with a search and decision algorithm that determines where to sense next and with which accuracy. The search algorithm is based on an objective function accounting for both probability of detection and motion costs, thus aiming to minimize traveled distances while trying to localize the target. The paper is concluded with simulation results showing our approach outperforms commonly used methods based on uniform resolution grids. C1 [Chung, Timothy H.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA USA. [Carpin, Stefano] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Engn, Merced, CA USA. RP Chung, TH (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA USA. EM thchung@nps.edu; scarpin@ucmerced.edu NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-61284-385-8 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2011 BP 2546 EP 2553 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BGW51 UT WOS:000324383401118 ER PT S AU Martinson, E Fransen, B AF Martinson, E. Fransen, B. GP IEEE TI Dynamically Reconfigurable Microphone Arrays SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 09-13, 2011 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, Minist Educ China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sci & Technol Commiss Shanghai Municipal, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot & Syst, Zhejiang Univ, Inst Cyber-Syst & Control, Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Beihang Univ, Robotics Inst, Beijing Res Inst Automat Machinery Ind, Tianjin Univ, Sch Mech Engn, ABB, YASKAWA Elect, KUKA, Willow Garage, Googol Tech., Adept Mobile Robots, Harbin Boshi Automat, Natl Instruments, Beijing Universal Pioneering Technol, Real-Time Control & Instrumentat Lab, GE Global Res, ALDEBARAN Robot, Int Federat Robot (IFR), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ AB Robotic sound localization has traditionally been restricted to either on-robot microphone arrays or embedded microphones in aware environments, each of which have limitations due to their static configurations. This work overcomes the static configuration problems by using visual localization to track multiple wireless microphones in the environment with enough accuracy to combine their auditory streams in a traditional localization algorithm. In this manner, microphones can move or be moved about the environment, and still be combined with existing on-robot microphones to extend array baselines and effective listening ranges without having to re-measure inter-microphone distances. C1 [Martinson, E.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fransen, B.] Beyond Robot, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Martinson, E (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM eric.martinson.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; brf1234@gmail.com NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-61284-385-8 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2011 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BGW51 UT WOS:000324383404134 ER PT S AU Martinson, E Lawson, W AF Martinson, E. Lawson, W. GP IEEE TI Learning Speaker Recognition Models through Human-Robot Interaction SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 09-13, 2011 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, Minist Educ China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sci & Technol Commiss Shanghai Municipal, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot & Syst, Zhejiang Univ, Inst Cyber-Syst & Control, Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Beihang Univ, Robotics Inst, Beijing Res Inst Automat Machinery Ind, Tianjin Univ, Sch Mech Engn, ABB, YASKAWA Elect, KUKA, Willow Garage, Googol Tech., Adept Mobile Robots, Harbin Boshi Automat, Natl Instruments, Beijing Universal Pioneering Technol, Real-Time Control & Instrumentat Lab, GE Global Res, ALDEBARAN Robot, Int Federat Robot (IFR), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ ID FACE AB Person identification is the problem of identifying an individual that a computer system is seeing, hearing, etc. Typically this is accomplished using models of the individual. Over time, however, people change. Unless the models stored by the robot change with them, those models will became less and less reliable over time. This work explores automatic updating of person identification models in the domain of speaker recognition. By fusing together tracking and recognition systems from both visual and auditory perceptual modalities, the robot can robustly identify people during continuous interactions and update its models in real-time, improving rates of speaker classification. C1 [Martinson, E.; Lawson, W.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Martinson, E (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM eric.martinson.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; wallace.lawson@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-61284-385-8 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2011 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BGW51 UT WOS:000324383403024 ER PT S AU Yang, JH Kennedy, Q Sullivan, J Day, M AF Yang, Ji Hyun Kennedy, Quinn Sullivan, Joseph Day, Michael GP IEEE TI Bayesian modeling of pilot belief and visual misperception in helicopter overland navigation SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS (SMC) SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC) CY OCT 09-12, 2011 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc (IEEE SMC), IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc (CAS), IEEE Engn, Med & Biol Soc (EMB) DE mispercetion; visual perception; Bayesian modeling; cognition; navigation AB This paper aims to provide a framework to model human belief and misperception in helicopter overland navigation. Helicopter overland navigation is known to be a challenging cognitive task, and understanding the cognitive processes associated with it is non-trivial. Twelve military personnel participated in the study and statistical analysis showed that their gaze parameters can be predicted by their level of expertise. Some pilots showed common visual misperception during the navigation task, which can be explained by the following errors: 1) confusion between inference and evidence, 2) incorrect mutually exclusive assumptions on the data, and 3) biased sampling. Simulation results on two cases observed in the experiments are given. Quantitative differences in dynamic perceptions between a Bayesian agent and misperceiving humans are presented with the suggested modeling framework. C1 [Yang, Ji Hyun; Kennedy, Quinn] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. [Sullivan, Joseph; Day, Michael] Naval Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA USA. RP Yang, JH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. EM jyan1@nps.edu; mqkenned@nps.edu; jasullivan@nps.edu; maday@nps.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4577-0653-0 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2011 BP 1676 EP 1681 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BYG71 UT WOS:000298615101160 ER PT S AU Tucker, JD Klausner, N AF Tucker, J. Derek Klausner, Nick GP IEEE TI Compressive Sensing for Gauss-Gauss Detection SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS (SMC) SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC) CY OCT 09-12, 2011 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc (IEEE SMC), IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc (CAS), IEEE Engn, Med & Biol Soc (EMB) DE binary hypothesis testing; compressive sensing; Fisher Discriminant; J-divergence; signal detection AB The recently introduced theory of compressed sensing (CS) enables the reconstruction of sparse signals from a small set of linear measurements. If properly chosen, the number of measurements can be much smaller than the number of Nyquist rate samples. However, despite the intense focus on the reconstruction of signals, many signal processing problems do not require a full reconstruction of the signal and little attention has been paid to doing inference in the CS domain. In this paper we show the performance of CS for the problem of signal detection using Gauss-Gauss detection. We investigate how the J-divergence and Fisher Discriminant are affected when used in the CS domain. In particular, we demonstrate how to perform detection given the measurements without ever reconstructing the signals themselves and provide theoretical bounds on the performance. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of CS under Gauss-Gauss detection. C1 [Tucker, J. Derek] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL 32428 USA. [Klausner, Nick] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Tucker, JD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL 32428 USA. EM james.d.tucker@navy.mil; nklausne@engr.colostate.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4577-0653-0 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2011 BP 3335 EP 3340 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BYG71 UT WOS:000298615103102 ER PT S AU Cobb, JT Principe, J AF Cobb, J. Tory Principe, Jose GP IEEE TI Autocorrelation Features for Synthetic Aperture Sonar Image Seabed Segmentation SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS (SMC) SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC) CY OCT 09-12, 2011 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc (IEEE SMC), IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc (CAS), IEEE Engn, Med & Biol Soc (EMB) DE Autocorrelation; expectation-maximization algorithm; image segmentation; synthetic aperture sonar; wavelet coefficients ID K-DISTRIBUTED CLUTTER; PARAMETERS; TEXTURES; MODELS AB High-resolution synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) systems yield richly detailed images of seabed environments. Algorithms that automatically segment and label seabed textures such as coral, sea grass, sand ripple, and mud, require suitable features that discriminate between the texture classes. Here we present a robust, parameterized SAS image texture model based on the autocorrelation function (ACF) of the intensity image. This ACF texture model has been shown to accurately model first-and second-order statistical features of various seabed environments. An unsupervised multi-class k-means segmentation algorithm that uses the features derived from the ACF model is employed to label rock and ripple textures from a set of textured SAS images. The results of the segmentation are compared against the performance of the segmentation approach using biorthogonal wavelets and Haralick features. In the described experiments, the ACF model features are shown to produce better segmentations than the features based on wavelet coefficients and Haralick features for classifiers of low complexity. C1 [Cobb, J. Tory] USN, Warfare Ctr, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL USA. [Principe, Jose] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Cobb, JT (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL USA. FU Office of Naval Research Code [321OE] FX The authors thank Dr. Gerald Dobeck of Naval Surface Warfare Center Panama City Division for his helpful comments regarding feature space analysis and scaling. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research Code 321OE. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4577-0653-0 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2011 BP 3341 EP 3346 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BYG71 UT WOS:000298615103103 ER PT S AU Isaacs, JC Roberts, RG AF Isaacs, Jason C. Roberts, Rodney G. GP IEEE TI Metrics of the Laplace-Beltrami Eigenfunctions for 2D Shape Matching SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS (SMC) SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC) CY OCT 09-12, 2011 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc (IEEE SMC), IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc (CAS), IEEE Engn, Med & Biol Soc (EMB) DE 2D Shape matching; Laplace-Beltrami; manifold learning ID EIGENMAPS AB Assuming that a 1D curve can be represented as a graph embedded in a 2D-space, the metrics of the eigenfunctions of the weighted graph-Laplacian and diffusion operator of that graph are then a representation of the shape of that curve with invariance to rotation, scale, and translation. The diffusion operator is said to preserve the local proximity between data points by constructing a representation for the underlying manifold by an approximation of the Laplace-Beltrami operator acting on the graph of this curve. This work examines 2D shape clustering problems using a spectral metric of the Laplace-Betrami eigenfunctions for shape analysis of closed curves. Results demonstrate that the spectral metrics allow for good class separation over multiple targets with noise. C1 [Isaacs, Jason C.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Adv Signal Proc & ATR, Panama City, FL USA. [Roberts, Rodney G.] Florida State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Isaacs, JC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Adv Signal Proc & ATR, Panama City, FL USA. EM jason.c.isaacs1@navy.mil; rroberts@eng.fsu.edu FU Naval Surface Warfare Center,Panama City, FL; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported jointly by the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Panama City, FL and the Office of Naval Research. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4577-0653-0 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2011 BP 3347 EP 3352 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BYG71 UT WOS:000298615103104 ER PT S AU De Grandi, GF Bunting, P Bouvet, A Ainsworth, TL AF De Grandi, G. F. Bunting, P. Bouvet, A. Ainsworth, T. L. GP IEEE TI CHARACTERIZATION OF SINGULAR STRUCTURES IN POLARIMETRIC SAR IMAGES BY WAVELET FRAMES SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE Lipschitz regularity; polarimetry; SAR AB Discontinuities in polarimetric SAR backscattered intensity (edges and point targets) can be characterized by a mathematical model. This paper presents a technique based on the Lipschitz regularity of an underlying singular function for detecting and interpreting such discontinuities. Numerical estimators of the Lipschitz parameters (exponent, swing and smoothing kernel variance) are implemented by a multi-voice wavelet frame transform. Local (one point in space) supervised estimates of the parameters and their dependence on polarization state are obtained by extracting the trajectory of the wavelet modulus maxima in the space-scale-polarization domain and by a non-linear regression with respect to a theoretical trend with scale. Global image-wide approximations of the Lipschitz parameters are also proposed, these aiming at a spatial description of the discontinuity's type, sharpness, and dependence on the polarization state. Examples are reported concerning experiments using simulated and real SAR polarimetric data. C1 [De Grandi, G. F.; Bouvet, A.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Bunting, P.] Aberystwyth Univ, Aberystwyth SY23 2EJ, Dyfed, Wales. [Ainsworth, T. L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP De Grandi, GF (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. EM frank.de-grandi@jrc.ec.europa.eu RI Bunting, Peter/B-8678-2013 OI Bunting, Peter/0000-0002-7435-0148 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 13 EP 16 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6048885 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496300004 ER PT S AU Burger, HA AF Burger, Henry A. GP IEEE TI Calculating the Effects of Non-Uniform Ice Accumulation on Radome Performance by Ray Trace Analysis SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 03-08, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI DE radome; radome analysis; ray tracing; radome ice AB The general effects of variable-thickness ice accumulation on radome performance have been studied by ray-tracing analysis. Results are presented for both clear ice and rime ice, which accumulate differently on a radome. C1 USN, NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Burger, HA (reprint author), USN, NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-9561-0 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2011 BP 313 EP 316 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXV72 UT WOS:000297298500083 ER PT S AU Kindt, R Taylor, D AF Kindt, Rick Taylor, Douglas GP IEEE TI Polarization Correction in Dual-Polarized Phased Arrays of Flared Notches SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 03-08, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI DE wideband phased arrays; flared notches; vivaldi; polarization degradation; cross polarization AB Though flared-notch radiators are capable of achieving very large bandwidths (10:1 or more) as radiating array elements, they are known to suffer from poor polarization purity when scanning in the diagonal plane (D-plane). This paper examines the polarization properties of dual-polarized arrays of flared notches as a function of frequency and the length/width ratio of the elements. Further, it is demonstrated through a combination of simulation and measurements that polarization degradation can largely be corrected for elements that have orthogonal feed ports. Though correctable, due to the nature of the polarization degradation that occurs in the D-plane, it is also shown that there is a limitation to the extent of correction that can be achieved. C1 [Kindt, Rick; Taylor, Douglas] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kindt, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-9561-0 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2011 BP 1961 EP 1964 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXV72 UT WOS:000297298502046 ER PT S AU Chatterjee, D Rao, SM Kluskens, MS AF Chatterjee, Deb Rao, Sadasiva M. Kluskens, Michael S. GP IEEE TI Analytical Evaluation of Sommerfeld Integral Tails for Layered Media Green's Functions SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 03-08, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI ID MULTILAYERED MEDIA; FIELD AB Green's functions for layered media find applications in analysis of radar cross sections, radiation problems for array sources embedded within complex materials, prediction of electric fields from lightning, remote sensing, shipborne EMI/EMC issues and other various applications. Central to the predictions, for such applications, is the need for accurate evaluation of the appropriate Green's functions that contain Sommerfeld integrals. In this paper a method is proposed for direct, real-axis integration of Sommerfeld integrals, obviating the calculation of pole locations and their residue contributions, with the integral tail evaluated analytically in closed form. The computational efficiency of the proposed algorithm is illustrated here with preliminary results by analyzing the G(zx) component of the Green's function for a HED inside a PEC-backed, double-layer dielectric media. Finally, the present method appears to be better amongst other similar approaches because it can better model the inhomogeneity of the constituitive electrical parameters in the vertical direction of the PEC-backed layered structure. C1 [Chatterjee, Deb] Univ Missouri, CSEE Dept, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Rao, Sadasiva M.; Kluskens, Michael S.] Div Radar, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Chatterjee, D (reprint author), Univ Missouri, CSEE Dept, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. EM chatd@umkc.edu NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-9561-0 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2011 BP 2150 EP 2153 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXV72 UT WOS:000297298502095 ER PT S AU Xue, MF Jin, JM Wong, S Macon, C Kragalott, M AF Xue, Ming-Feng Jin, Jian-Ming Wong, Steven Macon, Charles Kragalott, Mark GP IEEE TI Experimental Validation of the FETI-DPEM Algorithm for Simulating Phased-Array Antennas SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 03-08, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI DE Vivaldi antenna; phased array; dual-polarized; experimental measurement; FETI-DPEM ID SCALE ELECTROMAGNETIC PROBLEMS AB The electromagnetic dual-primal finite element tearing and interconnecting (FETI-DPEM) method is a non-overlapping domain decomposition method developed for the finite element analysis of large-scale electromagnetic problems. The method is particularly suitable for simulating large finite arrays because the geometrical repetitions of an array structure can be exploited to further enhance the computation performance. The method has been applied to the simulation of phased-array antennas in addition to other finite array structures. This paper presents the first experimental validation of this method for the simulation of a highly complicated realistic phased-array antenna. The antenna geometry is described in detail and the comparison between the simulated solution and experimental measurement is presented. C1 [Xue, Ming-Feng; Jin, Jian-Ming] Univ Illinois, Ctr Computat Electromagnet, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wong, Steven; Macon, Charles] High Performance Technol Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kragalott, Mark] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Xue, MF (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Ctr Computat Electromagnet, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. FU US Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program FX This work is supported by the US Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-9561-0 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2011 BP 2495 EP 2498 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXV72 UT WOS:000297298502185 ER PT S AU Rao, SM AF Rao, Sadasiva M. GP IEEE TI A New Iterative Method to Calculate Radar Cross Section of Complex Objects SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 03-08, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI AB The objective of this work is to present a new iterative method to solve electromagnetic field problems using the method of moments formulation. The new method is conceptually simple and requires much fewer mathematical operations per iteration when compared to other available methods. Further, the method can easily handle multiple right hand side vectors much the same way as direct solution techniques. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the applicability and accuracy of the new method. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rao, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Code 5314, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-9561-0 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2011 BP 2692 EP 2695 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXV72 UT WOS:000297298502229 ER PT S AU Toporkov, JV Sletten, MA AF Toporkov, Jakov V. Sletten, Mark A. GP IEEE TI Investigation of Phase Difference Statistics of Numerically Simulated High-Resolution HH- and VV-Polarized Low Grazing Angle Sea Backscatter SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 03-08, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI DE scattering by rough surfaces; low grazing angles; sea clutter statistics; radar polarimetry; numerical simulations ID SCATTERING; WAVES AB This study uses direct numerical simulations of X-band low grazing sea backscatter to investigate phase difference statistics between the co-polarized (horizontal transmit-receive and vertical transmit-receive) channels. The range resolution is 0.4 m and the grazing angles are as low as 0.5 degrees. The simulations are limited to the two-dimensional space but have immediate relevance to commonly occurring observation geometries. Phase probability density functions are calculated using different methods (such as amplitude thresholding or multilook averaging) and are shown to differ substantially from analytical predictions based on the commonly used Gaussian-statistics assumptions. Adequate knowledge of such inter-channel phase probability distributions is important for ocean-oriented applications of radar polarimetry. C1 [Toporkov, Jakov V.; Sletten, Mark A.] USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Toporkov, JV (reprint author), USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-9561-0 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2011 BP 2738 EP 2741 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXV72 UT WOS:000297298503005 ER PT J AU Pagadarai, S Wyglinski, AM Anderson, CR AF Pagadarai, Srikanth Wyglinski, Alexander M. Anderson, Christopher R. GP IEEE TI An Evaluation of the Bayesian CRLB for Time-Varying MIMO Channel Estimation Using Complex-Valued Differentials SO 2011 IEEE PACIFIC RIM CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, COMPUTERS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING (PACRIM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing (PACRIM) CY AUG 23-26, 2011 CL Univ Victoria, Victoria, CANADA SP IEEE HO Univ Victoria ID BLOCK TRANSMISSIONS; CAPACITY AB In this paper, we derive the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) within the Bayesian setup for time-varying multiple-input/multiple-output channel estimation. We consider the transmitting signal to be composed of linearly precoded information symbols and training symbols such that they share the same channel resource. This framework consisting of linearly precoded data and super-imposed training sequences is referred to as an affine-precoding scheme. In order to facilitate the characterization of time-varying channels parsimoniously, basis-expansion models (BEMs) have been widely applied. We consider a complex-exponential BEM to describe the time-varying channel affecting the transmitted blocks. Following this system model, we utilize the theory of complex-valued differentials to perform complex-valued differentiation. Specifically, we use a generalized chain rule for differentiating a complex scalar quantity with respect to a complex vector to derive the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM). Finally, simulation results are presented to explain the trends in the CRLBs for two time-varying channels. C1 [Pagadarai, Srikanth; Wyglinski, Alexander M.] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Anderson, Christopher R.] US Naval Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Pagadarai, S (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. EM srikanthp@wpi.edu; alexw@wpi.edu; canderso@usna.edu FU United States Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0065] FX The authors would like to thank the United States Office of Naval Research (ONR) for supporting the work presented in this paper via grant N00014-10-1-0065. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0251-8 PY 2011 BP 818 EP 823 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BXX54 UT WOS:000297354400143 ER PT S AU Jacobson, MA Buchner, SP Hughes, HL McMarr, PJ AF Jacobson, Mark A. Buchner, Stephen P. Hughes, Harold L. McMarr, Patrick J. GP IEEE TI SEE and TID Results for Commercial Non-Optogalvanic Isolators for Space Application SO 2011 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)/48th IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 25-29, 2011 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm AB Three commercially available digital galvanic isolation devices were evaluated for use on a low-earth-orbit space mission with a seven year operational life. They were pre-screened for destructive single event effects before being tested for their total ionizing dose (TID) sensitivity. C1 [Jacobson, Mark A.; Buchner, Stephen P.; Hughes, Harold L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [McMarr, Patrick J.] SDS, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Jacobson, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0519 BN 978-1-4577-1283-8 J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS PY 2011 BP 85 EP 87 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYJ79 UT WOS:000299051900012 ER PT S AU Oldham, TR Berg, M Friendlich, M Wilcox, T Seidleck, C LaBel, KA Irom, F Buchner, SP McMorrow, D Mavis, DG Eaton, PH Castillo, J AF Oldham, Timothy R. Berg, Melanie Friendlich, Mark Wilcox, Ted Seidleck, Christina LaBel, Kenneth A. Irom, Farokh Buchner, Steven P. McMorrow, Dale Mavis, David G. Eaton, Paul H. Castillo, James GP IEEE TI Investigation of Current Spike Phenomena During Heavy Ion Irradiation of NAND Flash Memories SO 2011 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)/48th IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 25-29, 2011 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm ID COMMERCIAL NAND AB A series of heavy ion and laser irradiations was performed to investigate previously reported current spikes in flash memories. High current events were observed, however, none matches the previously reported spikes. Plausible mechanisms are discussed. C1 [Oldham, Timothy R.] Dell Serv Fed Govt Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. [Berg, Melanie; Friendlich, Mark; Wilcox, Ted; Seidleck, Christina] MEI Technol Inc, Houston, TX USA. [LaBel, Kenneth A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Irom, Farokh] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Buchner, Steven P.; McMorrow, Dale] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Mavis, David G.; Eaton, Paul H.; Castillo, James] Micro RDC Inc, Urbana, IL USA. RP Oldham, TR (reprint author), Dell Serv Fed Govt Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. FU NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP); Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under IACRO [11-4395I] FX This work was supported in part by the NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP), and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under IACRO# 11-4395I. The authors wish to thank Martha OBryan and Donna Cochran for technical assistance in preparing both the poster and the final manuscript for this paper. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0519 BN 978-1-4577-1283-8 J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS PY 2011 BP 152 EP 160 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYJ79 UT WOS:000299051900024 ER PT S AU Martinson, E Apker, T Bugajska, M AF Martinson, E. Apker, T. Bugajska, M. GP IEEE TI Optimizing a Reconfigurable Robotic Microphone Array SO 2011 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS SE IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY SEP 25-30, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, Robot Soc Japan (RSJ), BOSCH, HONDA, KUKA, SRI Int, ABB, Willow Garage, ALDEBARAN, Google, INTUITIVE Surg, SCHUNK, IEEE Ind Elect Soc (IES), Soc Instrument & Control Engineers (SICE), New Technol Fdn (NTF), IEEE Robot & Automat Soc (RAS), Inst Control, Robto & Syst (ICROS) AB Relative positioning of microphones in an array has a significant impact on how well the array can localize sound sources. Two- or three-dimensional localization accuracy of a randomly distributed array will vary widely with respect to the relative position of the sound source. Where a statically located array would be forced to work with its initial configuration, however, a reconfigurable robotic array does not have to remain in its starting position. Given a known region of interest, robots can autonomously optimize their relative configuration to improve localization accuracy where it matters the most. In this work, we propose 2 separate strategies for optimizing such a robotic array. Evaluations are completed first in simulation, and then deployed to a team of real robots. C1 [Martinson, E.; Apker, T.; Bugajska, M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Martinson, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM eric.martinson.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; thomas.apker.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; magda.bugaska@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-0858 BN 978-1-61284-455-8 J9 IEEE INT C INT ROBOT PY 2011 BP 125 EP 130 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BXX70 UT WOS:000297477500020 ER PT S AU Mier-y-Teran-Romero, L Forgoston, E Schwartz, IB AF Mier-y-Teran-Romero, Luis Forgoston, Eric Schwartz, Ira B. GP IEEE TI Noise, Bifurcations, and Modeling of Interacting Particle Systems SO 2011 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS SE IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY SEP 25-30, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, Robot Soc Japan (RSJ), BOSCH, HONDA, KUKA, SRI Int, ABB, Willow Garage, ALDEBARAN, Google, INTUITIVE Surg, SCHUNK, IEEE Ind Elect Soc (IES), Soc Instrument & Control Engineers (SICE), New Technol Fdn (NTF), IEEE Robot & Automat Soc (RAS), Inst Control, Robto & Syst (ICROS) ID TIME DELAYS; EXPRESSION; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; DRIVEN; HES1; P53 AB We consider the stochastic patterns of a system of communicating, or coupled, self-propelled particles in the presence of noise and communication time delay. For sufficiently large environmental noise, there exists a transition between a translating state and a rotating state with stationary center of mass. Time delayed communication creates a bifurcation pattern dependent on the coupling amplitude between particles. Using a mean field model in the large number limit, we show how the complete bifurcation unfolds in the presence of communication delay and coupling amplitude. Relative to the center of mass, the patterns can then be described as transitions between translation, rotation about a stationary point, or a rotating swarm, where the center of mass undergoes a Hopf bifurcation from steady state to a limit cycle. Examples of some of the stochastic patterns will be given for large numbers of particles. C1 [Mier-y-Teran-Romero, Luis] Johns Hopkins Univ, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Forgoston, Eric] Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. [Schwartz, Ira B.] US Navy, Res Lab, Non Linear Syst Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mier-y-Teran-Romero, L (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM luis@nlschaos.nrl.navy.mil; eric.forgoston@montclair.edu; ira.schwartz@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; National Institute Of General Medical Sciences [R01GM090204]; Naval Research Laboratory [N0017310-2-C007] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Office of Naval Research for their support. LMR and IBS are supported by Award Number R01GM090204 frin the National Institute Of General Medical Sciences. The content of solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences or the National Institutes of Health. E.F. is supporeted by the Naval Research Laboratory (Award No. N0017310-2-C007). NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-0858 BN 978-1-61284-455-8 J9 IEEE INT C INT ROBOT PY 2011 BP 3905 EP 3910 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BXX70 UT WOS:000297477504039 ER PT S AU Carpin, S Burch, D Chung, TH AF Carpin, Stefano Burch, Derek Chung, Timothy H. GP IEEE TI Searching for Multiple Targets Using Probabilistic Quadtrees SO 2011 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS SE IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY SEP 25-30, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, Robot Soc Japan (RSJ), BOSCH, HONDA, KUKA, SRI Int, ABB, Willow Garage, ALDEBARAN, Google, INTUITIVE Surg, SCHUNK, IEEE Ind Elect Soc (IES), Soc Instrument & Control Engineers (SICE), New Technol Fdn (NTF), IEEE Robot & Automat Soc (RAS), Inst Control, Robto & Syst (ICROS) AB We consider the problem of searching for an unknown number of static targets inside an assigned area. The search problem is tackled using Probabilisitic Quadtrees (PQ), a data structure we recently introduced. Probabilistic quadtrees allow for a variable resolution representation and naturally induce a search problem where the searcher needs to choose not only where to sense, but also the sensing resolution. Through a Bayesian approach accommodating faulty sensors returning both false positives and missed detections, a posterior distribution about the location of the targets is propagated during the search effort. In this paper we extend our previous findings by considering the problem of searching for an unknown number of targets. Moreover, we substitute our formerly used heuristic with an approach based on information gain and expected costs. Finally, we provide some convergence results showing that in the worst case our model provides the same results as uniform grids, thus guaranteeing that the representation we propose gracefully degrades towards a known model. Extensive simulation results substantiate the properties of the method we propose, and we also show that our variable resolution method outperforms traditional methods based on uniform resolution grids. C1 [Carpin, Stefano; Burch, Derek] Univ Calif, Sch Engn, Merced, CA USA. [Chung, Timothy H.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Carpin, S (reprint author), Univ Calif, Sch Engn, Merced, CA USA. FU Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey [N00244-11-1-0023]; Office of Naval Research; NPS-USSOCOM FX The first author is partially supported by the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey under grant #N00244-11-1-0023. The third author is partially supported by the Office of Naval Research and the NPS-USSOCOM Field Experimentation Cooperative. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-0858 BN 978-1-61284-455-8 J9 IEEE INT C INT ROBOT PY 2011 BP 4536 EP 4543 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BXX70 UT WOS:000297477504133 ER PT S AU Esposito, JM AF Esposito, Joel M. GP IEEE TI A Simplified Model of RRT Coverage for Kinematic Systems SO 2011 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS SE IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY SEP 25-30, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, Robot Soc Japan (RSJ), BOSCH, HONDA, KUKA, SRI Int, ABB, Willow Garage, ALDEBARAN, Google, INTUITIVE Surg, SCHUNK, IEEE Ind Elect Soc (IES), Soc Instrument & Control Engineers (SICE), New Technol Fdn (NTF), IEEE Robot & Automat Soc (RAS), Inst Control, Robto & Syst (ICROS) ID PROBABILISTIC ROADMAPS; PATH AB It has been shown that the Rapidly Exploring Random Tree algorithm is complete - both probabilistically and in the sense of resolution; however little analysis exists on the rate of convergence. We present a model of state space coverage as a function of the number of nodes in the tree, for holonomic systems in expansive configuration spaces. Based on two simplifying assumptions, we develop a stochastic difference equation, whose expected value exponentially converges to one as the number of nodes increases. The convergence rate is related through a closed form expression to the step size and a Lipschitz constant. Using a grid-based coverage measurement, we present experimental evidence supporting the model across a range of dimensions, obstacle densities and parameter choices. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Esposito, JM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM esposito@usna.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-0858 BN 978-1-61284-455-8 J9 IEEE INT C INT ROBOT PY 2011 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BXX70 UT WOS:000297477502083 ER PT J AU Goodman, J Forsythe, K Miller, B AF Goodman, Joel Forsythe, Keith Miller, Benjamin GP IEEE TI EFFICIENT RECONSTRUCTION OF BLOCK-SPARSE SIGNALS SO 2011 IEEE STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Statistical Signal Processing Workshop (SSP) CY JUN 28-30, 2011 CL Nice, FRANCE SP IEEE ID RECOVERY AB In many sparse reconstruction problems, M observations are used to estimate K components in an N dimensional basis, where N > M >> K. The exact basis vectors, however, are not known a priori and must be chosen from an M x N matrix. Such under-determined problems can be solved using an l(2) optimization with an l(1) penalty on the sparsity of the solution. There are practical applications in which multiple measurements can be grouped together, so that K x P data must be estimated from M x P observations, where the l(1) sparsity penalty is taken with respect to the vector formed using the l(2) norms of the rows of the data matrix. In this paper we develop a computationally efficient block partitioned homotopy method for reconstructing K x P data from M x P observations using a grouped sparsity constraint, and compare its performance to other block reconstruction algorithms. C1 [Goodman, Joel] USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Forsythe, Keith; Miller, Benjamin] MIT Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Goodman, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Miller, Benjamin/0000-0003-1647-0122 FU Department of the Air Force under Air Force [FA8721-05-C-0002]; United States Government FX This work is sponsored by the Department of the Air Force under Air Force Contract FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions and recommendations are those of the author and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0570-0 PY 2011 BP 629 EP 632 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYF18 UT WOS:000298377500158 ER PT S AU Jiang, CM Shi, Y Hou, YT Kompella, S AF Jiang, Canming Shi, Yi Hou, Y. Thomas Kompella, Sastry GP IEEE TI On Optimal Throughput-Energy Curve for Multi-hop Wireless Networks SO 2011 PROCEEDINGS IEEE INFOCOM SE IEEE INFOCOM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE INFOCOM Conference CY APR 10-15, 2011 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE ID STABILITY AB Network throughput and energy consumption are two important performance metrics for a multi-hop wireless network. Current state-of-the-art is limited to either maximizing throughput under some energy constraint or minimizing energy consumption while satisfying some throughput requirement. In this paper, we take a multicriteria optimization approach to offer a systematic study on the relationship between the two performance objectives. We show that the solution to the multicriteria optimization problem is equivalent to finding an optimal throughput-energy curve, which characterizes the envelope of the entire throughput-energy region. We prove some important properties of the optimal throughput-energy curve. For case study, we consider both linear and nonlinear throughput functions. In the linear case, we characterize the optimal throughput-energy curve precisely through parametric analysis, while in the nonlinear case, we use a piece-wise linear approximation to approximate the optimal throughput-energy curve with arbitrary accuracy. Our results offer important insights on exploiting the trade-off between the two performance metrics. C1 [Jiang, Canming; Shi, Yi; Hou, Y. Thomas] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kompella, Sastry] USN, Div Informat Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Jiang, CM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. FU NSF [ECCS-0925719]; ONR FX The work of Y.T.Hou, Y. Shi, and C. Jiang was supported in part by NSF under Grant ECCS-0925719. The work of S.Kompella was supported in part by the ONR. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-166X BN 978-1-4244-9921-2 J9 IEEE INFOCOM SER PY 2011 BP 1341 EP 1349 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BXX58 UT WOS:000297374701055 ER PT S AU Sharma, S Shi, Y Hou, YT Sherali, HD Kompella, S AF Sharma, Sushant Shi, Yi Hou, Y. Thomas Sherali, Hanif D. Kompella, Sastry GP IEEE TI Optimizing Network-Coded Cooperative Communications via Joint Session Grouping and Relay Node Selection SO 2011 PROCEEDINGS IEEE INFOCOM SE IEEE INFOCOM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE INFOCOM Conference CY APR 10-15, 2011 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE ID DIVERSITY AB Network-coded cooperative communications (NC-CC) is a new paradigm in wireless networks that employs network coding (NC) to improve the performance of CC. The core mechanism to harness the benefits of NC-CC is to appropriately combine sessions into separate groups, and then have each group select the most beneficial relay node for NC-CC. In this paper, we study this joint grouping and relay node selection problem for NC-CC. Due to NP-hardness of problem, we propose a distributed and online algorithm that offers near-optimal solution to this problem. The key idea in our algorithm is to have each neighboring relay node of a new session determine and offer its best local group; and then to have the source node of the new session select the best group among all offers. We show that our distributed algorithm has polynomial complexity. Using extensive numerical results, we show that our distributed algorithm adapts well to online network dynamics. C1 [Sharma, Sushant; Shi, Yi; Hou, Y. Thomas; Sherali, Hanif D.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kompella, Sastry] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Sharma, S (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. FU National Science Foundation [CCF 0946273]; ECCS [0925719] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant CCF 0946273 (Y.T. Hou, S. Sharma, and Y. Shi) and ECCS 0925719 (H.D. Sherali), and the Office of Naval Research (S. Kompella). NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-166X BN 978-1-4244-9921-2 J9 IEEE INFOCOM SER PY 2011 BP 1898 EP 1906 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BXX58 UT WOS:000297374702017 ER PT S AU Kompella, S Nguyen, GD Wieselthier, JE Ephremides, A AF Kompella, Sastry Nguyen, Gam D. Wieselthier, Jeffrey E. Ephremides, Anthony GP IEEE TI Stable Throughput Tradeoffs in Cognitive Shared Channels with Cooperative Relaying SO 2011 PROCEEDINGS IEEE INFOCOM SE IEEE INFOCOM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE INFOCOM Conference CY APR 10-15, 2011 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE ID MULTIPACKET RECEPTION; SLOTTED ALOHA; STABILITY; RADIO; CAPABILITY; CAPACITY; ACCESS AB the users have different priority levels. In particular, we characterize the stable-throughput region in a two user cognitive shared channel where the primary (higher priority) user transmits whenever it has packets to transmit while the secondary (cognitive) node transmits its packets with probability p. Therefore, in this system, the secondary link is allowed to share the channel along with the primary link, in contrast to the traditional notion of cognitive radio, in which the secondary user is required to relinquish the channel as soon as the primary is detected. The analysis also takes into account the compound effects of multi-packet reception as well as of the relaying capability on the stability region of the network. We start by analyzing the non-cooperation case where nodes transmit their own packets to their respective destinations. We then extend the analysis to a system where the secondary node cooperatively relays some of the primary's packets. Specifically, in the cooperation case, the secondary node relays those packets that it receives successfully from the primary, but are not decoded properly by the primary destination. In such cognitive shared channels, a tradeoff arises in terms of activating the secondary along with the primary so that both transmissions may be successful, but with a lower probability, compared to the case of the secondary node staying idle when the primary user transmits. Results show the benefits of relaying for both the primary as well as the secondary nodes in terms of the stable-throughput region. C1 [Kompella, Sastry; Nguyen, Gam D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wieselthier, Jeffrey E.] Wieselthier Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Ephremides, Anthony] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kompella, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-166X BN 978-1-4244-9921-2 J9 IEEE INFOCOM SER PY 2011 BP 1961 EP 1969 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BXX58 UT WOS:000297374702024 ER PT S AU Duong, T Hefner, A Hobart, K Ryu, SH Grider, D Berning, D Ortiz-Rodriguez, JM Imhoff, E Sherbondy, J AF Duong, Tam Hefner, Allen Hobart, Karl Ryu, Sei-Hyung Grider, David Berning, David Ortiz-Rodriguez, Jose M. Imhoff, Eugene Sherbondy, Jerry GP IEEE TI Comparison of 4.5 kV SiC JBS and Si PiN Diodes for 4.5 kV Si IGBT Anti-parallel Diode Applications SO 2011 TWENTY-SIXTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (APEC) SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) CY MAR 06-11, 2011 CL Fort Worth, TX SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE Silicon carbide (SiC); medium-voltage; highfrequency; Junction Barrier Schottky (JBS); hybrid halfbridge module; power systems AB A new 60 A, 4.5 kV SiC JBS diode is presented, and its performance is compared to a Si PiN diode used as the anti-parallel diode for 4.5 kV Si IGBTs. The I-V, C-V, reverse recovery, and reverse leakage characteristics of both diode types are measured. The devices are also characterized as the anti-parallel diode for a 4.5 kV Si IGBT using a recently developed high-voltage, double-pulse switching test system. The results indicate that SiC JBS diodes reduce IGBT turn-on switching loses by about a factor of three in practical applications. Furthermore, the peak IGBT current at turn-on is typically reduced by a factor of six, resulting in substantially lower IGBT stress. Circuit simulator models for the 4.5 kV SiC JBS and Si PiN diodes are also developed and compared with measurements. C1 [Duong, Tam; Hefner, Allen; Berning, David; Ortiz-Rodriguez, Jose M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hobart, Karl; Imhoff, Eugene] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ryu, Sei-Hyung; Grider, David] Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Sherbondy, Jerry] Powerex Inc, Youngstown, OH 15697 USA. RP Duong, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4244-8085-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2011 BP 1057 EP 1063 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWY61 UT WOS:000295322300157 ER PT J AU Peddicord, BA Su, WL McEachen, JC AF Peddicord, Benjamin A. Su, Weilian McEachen, John C. BE Wysocki, BJ TI RF Loading Impact on WCDMA Jamming SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL PROCESSING AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, ICSPCS'2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS) CY DEC 12-14, 2011 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Univ Nebraskas, Peter Kiewit Inst DE WCDMA; jamming; network loading AB The effect of a mobile jammer on wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) networks is influenced by radio network loading. A model of the WCDMA access control algorithm was developed and used to investigate network performance under jamming and various loading conditions. Jamming effectiveness was found to become less predictable as the load was increased. Increased loading levels were also found to generally increase the range to target at which jamming occurs. The viability of utilizing high-speed, constant bit rate, circuit-switched data calls as surrogates for multiple low-rate voice calls in a test environment was investigated. High-speed, circuit-switched data calls were determined to be a poor surrogate for multiple low-rate voice calls. C1 [Peddicord, Benjamin A.; Su, Weilian; McEachen, John C.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Peddicord, BA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bapeddic@nps.edu; weilian@nps.edu; mceachen@nps.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-1180-0 PY 2011 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB5CO UT WOS:000343664900023 ER PT J AU Severinghaus, R Tummala, M McEachen, J AF Severinghaus, Robert Tummala, Murali McEachen, John BE Wysocki, BJ TI Network Formations to Bridge or Extend Wireless Sensor Networks SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL PROCESSING AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, ICSPCS'2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS) CY DEC 12-14, 2011 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Univ Nebraskas, Peter Kiewit Inst DE network availability; network formations; probability of availability; wireless sensor networks ID RELIABILITY; FAILURES AB Wireless sensor networks (WSN) that require bridging to other networks or extending sensor coverage must keep high link availability to reduce energy wasted on error control. This paper first details the relationship of individual link probability of availability to Eb/No and to upper protocol layers. Then the efficient computation of the network probability of availability is shown, and applied to four extensible, planned formations of nodes. Finally, we demonstrate the use of these formations in examples of bridging and extensions of WSNs, and discuss how to deploy them. C1 [Severinghaus, Robert; Tummala, Murali; McEachen, John] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Severinghaus, R (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rseverin@nps.edu; mtummala@nps.edu; mceachen@nps.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-1180-0 PY 2011 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB5CO UT WOS:000343664900035 ER PT J AU Walker, TO Tummala, M McEachen, J AF Walker, T. Owens, III Tummala, Murali McEachen, John BE Wysocki, BJ TI Non-Deterministic Preamble Sampling Periods for Low-Power Listening SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL PROCESSING AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, ICSPCS'2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS) CY DEC 12-14, 2011 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Univ Nebraskas, Peter Kiewit Inst DE Wireless sensor networks; preamble sampling; low power listening ID NETWORKS AB In this paper, we propose a novel low-power listening scheme that is comprised of non-deterministic preamble sampling periods and demonstrate how the mean of these sampling periods can be varied through the use of a preamble sampling probability parameter. This is in contrast to the existing literature which treats the preamble sampling periods as deterministic and seeks to vary them directly using heuristic algorithms. Per packet energy consumption analysis and accompanying simulation results for our non-deterministic approach are provided and we show that energy consumption can be minimized by varying this preamble sampling probability parameter. C1 [Walker, T. Owens, III] US Naval Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Tummala, Murali; McEachen, John] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Walker, TO (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM owalker@usna.edu; mtummala@nps.edu; mceachen@nps.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-1180-0 PY 2011 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB5CO UT WOS:000343664900077 ER PT S AU Masek, T Kolsch, M AF Masek, T. Koelsch, M. BE Andre, MP Jones, JP Lee, H TI Acoustic Image Models for Obstacle Avoidance with Forward-Looking Sonar SO ACOUSTICAL IMAGING, VOL 30 SE Acoustical Imaging LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Acoustical Imaging Symposium CY MAR 01-04, 2009 CL Monterey, CA DE Sonar; Acoustic image analysis AB Long-range forward-looking sonars (FLS) have recently been deployed in autonomous unmanned vehicles (AUV). We present models for various features in acoustic images, with the goal of using this sensor for altitude maintenance, obstacle detection and obstacle avoidance. First, we model the backscatter and FLS noise as pixel-based, spatially-varying intensity distributions. Experiments show that these models predict noise with an accuracy of over 98%. Next, the presence of acoustic noise from two other sources including a modem is reliably detected with a template-based filter and a threshold learned from training data. Lastly, the ocean floor location and orientation is estimated with a gradient-descent method using a site-independent template, yielding sufficiently accurate results in 95% of the frames. Temporal information is expected to further improve the performance. C1 [Masek, T.; Koelsch, M.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Masek, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tdmasek@nps.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0270-5117 BN 978-90-481-3255-3 J9 ACOUST IMAG PY 2011 VL 30 BP 251 EP 259 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3255-3_29 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BDC06 UT WOS:000312535100029 ER PT J AU Kim, JJ Burtz, DC Agrawal, BN AF Kim, Jae Jun Burtz, Daniel C. Agrawal, Brij N. TI Wavefront correction of optical beam for large space mirrors using robust control techniques SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Adaptive optics; Segmented mirror telescope; Robust control ID SYSTEM AB For an imaging spacecraft to provide higher resolution imaging capability, the satellite will require larger mirrors. Because of the weight and launch constraints for space-based optics systems, the mirrors will have to be segmented and light-weight, resulting in increased flexibility and lower structural frequencies. Consequently, achieving surface accuracy requirements for high resolution imaging with these large aperture light-weight mirrors become a challenging task. This paper investigates the use of adaptive optics for wavefront sensing and surface control of large segmented mirrors. An H-infinity robust control technique is considered for the control of the adaptive optics system with the reduced number of inputs and outputs using singular value decomposition and Zernike polynomials. The robust controller design with the reduced model is validated with a computer simulation for a full plant in the presence of disturbances. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kim, Jae Jun; Burtz, Daniel C.; Agrawal, Brij N.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kim, JJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jki1@nps.edu NR 11 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 68 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.07.017 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 682FL UT WOS:000284386700018 ER PT B AU Kwon, YW Owens, AC AF Kwon, Young W. Owens, Angela C. BE Attaf, B TI Dynamic Responses of Composite Structures with Fluid-Structure Interaction SO ADVANCES IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS - ECODESIGN AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNDERWATER SHOCK; PLATES; EXPLOSION; VIBRATION; CONTACT C1 [Kwon, Young W.; Owens, Angela C.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-150-3 PY 2011 BP 337 EP 358 D2 10.5772/580 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BG0QX UT WOS:000386475000016 ER PT B AU Kwon, YW AF Kwon, Young W. BE Attaf, B TI Strength of Composite Scarf Joints SO ADVANCES IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS - ECODESIGN AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CARBON NANOTUBE REINFORCEMENT; STRAIN C1 [Kwon, Young W.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-150-3 PY 2011 BP 467 EP 490 D2 10.5772/580 PG 24 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BG0QX UT WOS:000386475000022 ER PT B AU Gitelson, AA Gurlin, D Moses, WJ Yacobi, YZ AF Gitelson, Anatoly A. Gurlin, Daniela Moses, Wesley J. Yacobi, Yosef Z. BE Weng, Q TI Remote Estimation of Chlorophyll-a Concentration in Inland, Estuarine, and Coastal Waters SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING: SENSORS, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Taylor & Francis Series in Remote Sensing Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BIOOPTICAL PARAMETER VARIABILITY; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; AIRBORNE IMAGING SPECTROMETRY; TURBID PRODUCTIVE WATERS; SEMIANALYTICAL MODEL; OPTICAL TELEDETECTION; SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS; ALGAL-CHLOROPHYLL; LAKE KINNERET; SENSING DATA C1 [Gitelson, Anatoly A.; Gurlin, Daniela] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, CALMIT, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Moses, Wesley J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Yacobi, Yosef Z.] Israel Oceanog & Limnol Res, Yigal Allon Kinneret Limnol Lab, Migdal, Israel. RP Gitelson, AA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, CALMIT, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. NR 82 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-9181-6; 978-1-4200-9175-5 J9 T&F SER REMOTE SENS PY 2011 BP 439 EP 468 D2 10.1201/b10599 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BC2WS UT WOS:000351396200019 ER PT J AU Lifson, AR Krantz, EM Eberly, LE Dolan, MJ Marconi, VC Weintrob, AC Crum-Cianflone, NF Ganesan, A Grambsch, PL Agan, BK AF Lifson, Alan R. Krantz, Elizabeth M. Eberly, Lynn E. Dolan, Matthew J. Marconi, Vincent C. Weintrob, Amy C. Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. Ganesan, Anuradha Grambsch, Patricia L. Agan, Brian K. CA IDCRP HIV Working Grp TI Long-term CD4+lymphocyte response following HAART initiation in a US Military prospective cohort SO AIDS RESEARCH AND THERAPY LA English DT Article AB Background: Among HIV-infected persons initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), early CD4+ lymphocyte count increases are well described. However, whether CD4+ levels continue to increase or plateau after 4-6 years is controversial. Methods: To address this question and identify other determinants of CD4+ response, we analyzed data for 1,846 persons from a prospective HIV military cohort study who initiated HAART, who had post-HAART CD4+ measurements, and for whom HIV seroconversion (SC) date was estimated. Results: CD4+ count at HAART initiation was <= 200 cells/mm(3) for 23%, 201-349 for 31%, 350-499 for 27%, and >= 500 for 19%. The first 6 months post-HAART, the greatest CD4+ increases (93-151 cells) occurred, with lesser increases (22-36 cells/year) through the first four years. Although CD4+ changes for the entire cohort were relatively flat thereafter, HIV viral load (VL) suppressors showed continued increases of 12-16 cells/year. In multivariate analysis adjusting for baseline CD4+ and post-HAART time interval, CD4+ responses were poorer in those with: longer time from HIV SC to HAART start, lower pre-HAART CD4+ nadir, higher pre-HAART VL, and clinical AIDS before HAART (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Small but positive long-term increases in CD4+ count in virally suppressed patients were observed. CD4+ response to HAART is influenced by multiple factors including duration of preceding HIV infection, and optimized if treatment is started with virally suppressive therapy as early as possible. C1 [Lifson, Alan R.] Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Krantz, Elizabeth M.; Eberly, Lynn E.; Grambsch, Patricia L.] Univ Minnesota, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Dolan, Matthew J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Def Inst Mil Operat, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Marconi, Vincent C.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Weintrob, Amy C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Ganesan, Anuradha] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Lifson, Alan R.; Krantz, Elizabeth M.; Eberly, Lynn E.; Weintrob, Amy C.; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.; Ganesan, Anuradha; Grambsch, Patricia L.; Agan, Brian K.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Lifson, AR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM lifso001@umn.edu RI Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014; OI Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669; Eberly, Lynn/0000-0003-4763-330X FU Department of Defense through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences [IDCRP-000-03]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health [Y1-AI-5072] FX Support for this work (IDCRP-000-03) was provided by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP), a Department of Defense program executed through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. This project has been funded in whole, or in part, with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, under Inter-Agency Agreement Y1-AI-5072. NR 37 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1742-6405 J9 AIDS RES THER JI Aids Res. Ther. PY 2011 VL 8 AR 2 DI 10.1186/1742-6405-8-2 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA V27LK UT WOS:000208614500002 PM 21244701 ER PT J AU Okulicz, JF Grandits, GA French, JA George, JM Simpson, DM Birbeck, GL Ganesan, A Weintrob, AC Crum-Cianflone, N Lalani, T Landrum, ML AF Okulicz, Jason F. Grandits, Greg A. French, Jacqueline A. George, Jomy M. Simpson, David M. Birbeck, Gretchen L. Ganesan, Anuradha Weintrob, Amy C. Crum-Cianflone, Nancy Lalani, Tahaniyat Landrum, Michael L. CA IDCRP HIV Working Grp TI Virologic outcomes of HAART with concurrent use of cytochrome P450 enzyme-inducing antiepileptics: a retrospective case control study SO AIDS RESEARCH AND THERAPY LA English DT Article AB Background: To evaluate the efficacy of highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in individuals taking cytochrome P450 enzyme-inducing antiepileptics (EI-EADs), we evaluated the virologic response to HAART with or without concurrent antiepileptic use. Methods: Participants in the US Military HIV Natural History Study were included if taking HAART for >= 6 months with concurrent use of EI-AEDs phenytoin, carbamazepine, or phenobarbital for >= 28 days. Virologic outcomes were compared to HAART-treated participants taking AEDs that are not CYP450 enzyme-inducing (NEI-AED group) as well as to a matched group of individuals not taking AEDs (non-AED group). For participants with multiple HAART regimens with AED overlap, the first 3 overlaps were studied. Results: EI-AED participants (n = 19) had greater virologic failure (62.5%) compared to NEI-AED participants (n = 85; 26.7%) for the first HAART/AED overlap period (OR 4.58 [1.47-14.25]; P = 0.009). Analysis of multiple overlap periods yielded consistent results (OR 4.29 [1.51-12.21]; P = 0.006). Virologic failure was also greater in the EI-AED versus NEI-AED group with multiple HAART/AED overlaps when adjusted for both year of and viral load at HAART initiation (OR 4.19 [1.54-11.44]; P = 0.005). Compared to the non-AED group (n = 190), EI-AED participants had greater virologic failure (62.5% vs. 42.5%; P = 0.134), however this result was only significant when adjusted for viral load at HAART initiation (OR 4.30 [1.02-18.07]; P = 0.046). Conclusions: Consistent with data from pharmacokinetic studies demonstrating that EI-AED use may result in subtherapeutic levels of HAART, EI-AED use is associated with greater risk of virologic failure compared to NEI-AEDs when co-administered with HAART. Concurrent use of EI-AEDs and HAART should be avoided when possible. C1 [Okulicz, Jason F.; Grandits, Greg A.; Ganesan, Anuradha; Weintrob, Amy C.; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy; Lalani, Tahaniyat; Landrum, Michael L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Okulicz, Jason F.; Landrum, Michael L.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. [Grandits, Greg A.] Univ Minnesota, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN USA. [French, Jacqueline A.] NYU Comprehens Epilepsy Ctr, New York, NY USA. [George, Jomy M.] Philadelphia Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice & Adm, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Simpson, David M.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Neurol, New York, NY USA. [Birbeck, Gretchen L.] Michigan State Univ, Int Neurol & Psychiat Epidemiol Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Ganesan, Anuradha] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD USA. [Weintrob, Amy C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy] USN, Infect Dis Clin, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Okulicz, JF (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM jason.okulicz@amedd.army.mil OI French, Jacqueline/0000-0003-2242-8027 FU Department of Defense (DoD) through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences [IDCRP-000-03]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH) [Y1-AI-5072] FX Support for this work (IDCRP-000-03) was provided by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP), a Department of Defense (DoD) program executed through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. This project has been funded in whole, or in part, with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Inter-Agency Agreement Y1-AI-5072. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1742-6405 J9 AIDS RES THER JI Aids Res. Ther. PY 2011 VL 8 AR 18 DI 10.1186/1742-6405-8-18 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA V27LK UT WOS:000208614500018 PM 21575228 ER PT J AU Lee, RU Stevenson, DD AF Lee, Rachel U. Stevenson, Donald D. TI Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease: Evaluation and Management SO ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease; aspirin desensitization; aspirin sensitivity; chronic sinusitis; asthma; nasal polyps; Samter's triad ID LEUKOTRIENE-MODIFIER DRUGS; LONG-TERM TREATMENT; INDUCED ASTHMA; DESENSITIZATION-TREATMENT; SENSITIVE ASTHMATICS; INTOLERANT ASTHMA; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; NATURAL-HISTORY; LYSINE-ASPIRIN; CHALLENGE AB The clinical syndrome of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a condition where inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) induces attacks of upper and lower airway reactions, including rhinorrhea and varying degrees of bronchospasm and laryngospasm. Although the reaction is not IgE-mediated, patients can also present with anaphylactic hypersensitivity reactions, including hypotension, after exposure to COX-1 inhibiting drugs. All patients with AERD have underlying nasal polyps and intractable sinus disease which may be difficult to treat with standard medical and surgical interventions. This review article focuses on the management of AERD patients with a particular emphasis on aspirin desensitization and continuous treatment with aspirin. C1 [Stevenson, Donald D.] Scripps Clin, Div Allergy Asthma & Immunol, San Diego, CA 92130 USA. [Lee, Rachel U.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Allergy Asthma & Immunol, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Stevenson, DD (reprint author), Scripps Clin, Div Allergy Asthma & Immunol, 3811 Valley Ctr Dr,S99, San Diego, CA 92130 USA. EM DStevemd@aol.com NR 46 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 5 PU KOREAN ACAD ASTHMA ALLERGY & CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY PI JONGNO-GU PA RM 1705, KUMHO BLDG 327-2, CHANGSINDONG, JONGNO-GU, SEOUL 110-540, SOUTH KOREA SN 2092-7355 J9 ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUN JI Allergy Asthma Immunol. Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 3 EP 10 DI 10.4168/aair.2011.3.1.3 PG 8 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 776ZU UT WOS:000291581600002 PM 21217919 ER PT J AU Kon, AA AF Kon, Alexander A. TI Informed Non-Dissent: A Better Option Than Slow Codes When Families Cannot Bear to Say "Let Her Die" SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SHARED DECISION-MAKING; PATIENTS PREFERENCES; CARE; PERCEPTIONS C1 [Kon, Alexander A.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Pediat Intens Care Unit, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Kon, Alexander A.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Kon, AA (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Pediat Intens Care Unit, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM kon.sandiego@gmail.com NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1526-5161 J9 AM J BIOETHICS JI Am. J. Bioeth. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 11 BP 22 EP 23 DI 10.1080/15265161.2011.603796 PG 2 WC Ethics; Medical Ethics; Social Issues; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Medical Ethics; Social Issues; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 851SB UT WOS:000297290100008 PM 22047119 ER PT J AU Kon, AA AF Kon, Alexander A. TI Life and Death Choices in Neonatal Care: Applying Shared Decision-Making Focused on Parental Values SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Kon, AA (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, 34800 BobWilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM kon.sandiego@gmail.com NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1526-5161 J9 AM J BIOETHICS JI Am. J. Bioeth. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 BP 35 EP 36 AR PII 933670945 DI 10.1080/15265161.2010.540067 PG 2 WC Ethics; Medical Ethics; Social Issues; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Medical Ethics; Social Issues; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 723CD UT WOS:000287482900010 PM 21337275 ER PT J AU Landrum, ML Hullsiek, KH Chun, HM Crum-Cianflone, NF Ganesan, A Weintrob, AC Barthel, RV O'Connell, RJ Agan, BK AF Landrum, Michael L. Hullsiek, Katherine Huppler Chun, Helen M. Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. Ganesan, Anuradha Weintrob, Amy C. Barthel, R. Vincent O'Connell, Robert J. Agan, Brian K. TI The Timing of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Immunization Relative to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Diagnosis and the Risk of HBV Infection Following HIV Diagnosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B vaccines; hepatitis B virus; HIV; immunization; vaccination ID US MILITARY COHORT; UNITED-STATES; PROPENSITY SCORE; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; VACCINATION; RECOMMENDATIONS; INDIVIDUALS; ADULTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MORTALITY AB To assess associations between the timing of hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunization relative to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis and vaccine effectiveness, US Military HIV Natural History Study cohort participants without HBV infection at the time of HIV diagnosis were grouped by vaccination status, retrospectively followed from HIV diagnosis for incident HBV infection, and compared using Cox proportional hazards models. A positive vaccine response was defined as hepatitis B surface antibody level >= 10 IU/L. Of 1,877 participants enrolled between 1989 and 2008, 441 (23%) were vaccinated prior to HIV diagnosis. Eighty percent of those who received vaccine doses only before HIV diagnosis had a positive vaccine response, compared with 66% of those who received doses both before and after HIV and 41% of those who received doses only after HIV (P < 0.01 for both compared with persons vaccinated before HIV only). Compared with the unvaccinated, persons vaccinated only before HIV had reduced risk of HBV infection after HIV diagnosis (hazard ratio = 0.38, 95% confidence interval: 0.20, 0.75). No reduction in HBV infection risk was observed for other vaccination groups. These data suggest that completion of the vaccine series prior to HIV infection may be the optimal strategy for preventing this significant comorbid infection in HIV-infected persons. C1 [Landrum, Michael L.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, MCHE MDI, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Landrum, Michael L.; Hullsiek, Katherine Huppler; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.; Ganesan, Anuradha; Weintrob, Amy C.; O'Connell, Robert J.; Agan, Brian K.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD USA. [Landrum, Michael L.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Hullsiek, Katherine Huppler] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Chun, Helen M.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Ganesan, Anuradha] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Weintrob, Amy C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Barthel, R. Vincent] USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. [O'Connell, Robert J.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Landrum, ML (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, MCHE MDI, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM mlandrum@idcrp.org OI Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 FU Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP) [IDCRP-000-27]; Department of Defense through Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases under Inter-Agency [Y1-AI-5072] FX Support for this work (grant IDCRP-000-27) was provided by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP; www.idcrp.org), a Department of Defense program executed through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. The staff of the IDCRP provided salary support to some of the investigators (M. L. L., K. H. H., N. F. C., A. G., A. C. W., and B. K. A.). This project was funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases under Inter-Agency Agreement Y1-AI-5072. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 173 IS 1 BP 84 EP 93 DI 10.1093/aje/kwq326 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 695ZR UT WOS:000285412200009 PM 21051446 ER PT J AU Gentry, SE Montgomery, RA Segev, DL AF Gentry, Sommer E. Montgomery, Robert A. Segev, Dorry L. TI Kidney Paired Donation: Fundamentals, Limitations, and Expansions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Review DE Kidney exchange; paired donation; incompatible; matching; altruistic donor; good Samaritan donor; nondirected donor; nonsimultaneous extended altruistic donor chain; bridge donor; list-paired donation ID NON-DIRECTED DONATION; EXCHANGE PROGRAM; DONOR-EXCHANGE; CROSS-MATCH; BLOOD-TYPE; TRANSPLANTATION; CHAIN; TRANSPORT; OUTCOMES AB Incompatibility between the candidate recipient and the prospective donor is a major obstacle to living donor kidney transplant. Kidney paired donation (KPD) can circumvent the incompatibility by matching them to another candidate and living donor for an exchange of transplants such that both transplants are compatible. KPD has faced legal, logistical, and ethical challenges since its inception in the 1980s. Although the full potential of this modality for facilitating transplant for individuals with incompatible donors is unrealized, great strides have been made. In this review article, we detail how several impediments to KPD have been overcome to the benefit of ever greater numbers of patients. Limitations and questions that have been addressed include blood group type O imbalance, reciprocal match requirements, simultaneous donor nephrectomy requirements, combining KPD with desensitization, the role of list-paired donation, geographic barriers, legal barriers, concerns regarding living donor safety, fragmented registries, and inefficient matching algorithms. Am J Kidney Dis. 57(1): 144-151. (C) 2010 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gentry, Sommer E.] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Gentry, Sommer E.; Montgomery, Robert A.; Segev, Dorry L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Segev, Dorry L.] Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Segev, DL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, 720 Rutland Ave,Ross 771B, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM dorry@jhmi.edu OI Gentry, Sommer/0000-0003-4530-8917 FU National Kidney Foundation of Maryland; American Society of Transplantation; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [RC1DK086731] FX Dr Gentry has received support for research in KPD from the National Kidney Foundation of Maryland and the American Society of Transplantation (Clinical Science Faculty Development Grant). Drs Segev and Montgomery currently receive support for research in desensitization and incompatible kidney transplantation from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (RC1DK086731). NR 42 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 57 IS 1 BP 144 EP 151 DI 10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.10.005 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 698VP UT WOS:000285621600020 PM 21184921 ER PT J AU Riddle, MS Rockabrand, DM Schlett, C Monteville, MR Frenck, RW Romine, M Ahmed, SF Sanders, JW AF Riddle, Mark S. Rockabrand, David M. Schlett, Carey Monteville, Marshall R. Frenck, Robert W. Romine, Marcy Ahmed, Salwa F. Sanders, John W. TI A Prospective Study of Acute Diarrhea in a Cohort of United States Military Personnel on Deployment to the Multinational Force and Observers, Sinai, Egypt SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID OPERATIONS IRAQI FREEDOM; ENTEROAGGREGATIVE ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENDURING FREEDOM; US MILITARY; IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MIDDLE-EAST; ILLNESS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRAVELERS; IMPACT AB To better understand the epidemiology of diarrhea in deployed personnel to the Middle East, a prospective cohort study of travelers' diarrhea (TD) was conducted between May 2004 and January 2005 at the Multinational Force and Observers (MFO) camp in the southern Sinai A baseline entry questionnaire and stool specimen was provided on study entry and volunteers were followed every 6 weeks Of 211 volunteers, 145 (68 7%) completed one or more follow-up visits In total, 416 follow up surveys were completed, which described an overall incidence of 25 2 episodes per 100 person months (95% confidence interval = 21 2-300) Additionally, stools were collected in 72 of 77 diarrhea-associated clinic visits, with bacterial pathogens most commonly isolated (enterotoxigenic Escherichia colt in 30 [42%] samples and Campylobacter jejuni in 7 [10%] samples) Despite modern preventive methods, diarrhea is still a common problem for deployed US military personnel in Egypt, frequently resulting in diminished ability to work C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Frenck, Robert W.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Schlett, Carey] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Riddle, MS (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU Department of Defense [A20019_05_N3] FX This study was supported by funding under the Department of Defense Military Infectious Diseases Research Program under work unit number A20019_05_N3 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 84 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0093 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 702OK UT WOS:000285903800012 PM 21212203 ER PT J AU Brett-Major, D AF Brett-Major, David TI Naming Global Health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Letter C1 [Brett-Major, David] USN, US Mil Trop Med, Med Manpower Personnel Training & Educ Command, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Brett-Major, David] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Trop Publ Hlth, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Brett-Major, D (reprint author), USN, US Mil Trop Med, Med Manpower Personnel Training & Educ Command, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 84 IS 1 BP 176 EP 176 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0602 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 702OK UT WOS:000285903800034 PM 21212225 ER PT J AU Kim, YC Cramer, JA Booksh, KS AF Kim, Yoon-Chang Cramer, Jeffrey A. Booksh, Karl S. TI Investigation of a fiber optic surface plasmon spectroscopy in conjunction with conductivity as an in situ method for simultaneously monitoring changes in dissolved organic carbon and salinity in coastal waters SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE CATALYTIC-OXIDATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION MEASUREMENTS; RESONANCE SENSORS; DOC MEASUREMENTS; MATTER CDOM; OCEAN; ESTUARY; MULTIMODE; SEAWATER; PHASE AB A combination surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and conductivity sensor array was developed and implemented to demonstrate the ability to differentiate among changes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and salinity in coastal water. The array is capable of achieving sufficient spatial and temporal data density to better understand the cycling and fate of terrestrial DOC in coastal areas. DOC is the second largest source of bioreactive carbon in the environment and plays a key role in mediating microbial activity and generation of atmospheric CO(2). In the coastal areas, the salinity is also an important property in many applications, such as leak detection for landfill liners, saltwater intrusion to drinking water, marine environment monitoring, and seasonal climate prediction. Conductivity sensors are the industry standard for determining salinity in ocean systems. However, both conductivity and refractive index sensors, such as SPR spectroscopy based sensors, respond to salinity and DOC levels. To demonstrate the capability of the SPR sensor and a conductivity sensor to collect complimentary data useful in discrimination of salinity and DOC in coastal zone water, conductivity, SPR, and temperature data were collected during passage from the Juan de Fuca ridge area returning to the University of Washington docks. C1 [Kim, Yoon-Chang; Booksh, Karl S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Cramer, Jeffrey A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Booksh, KS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM KBOOKSH@UDEL.EDU FU NSF Oceans [0119999] FX This research work was founded by NSF Oceans 0119999. The authors want to thank the captain and crew of the R/V Atlantis and the pilots of the Alvin for their assistance. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2011 VL 136 IS 20 BP 4350 EP 4356 DI 10.1039/c1an15085e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 826EJ UT WOS:000295334000039 PM 21881638 ER PT J AU Snow, AW Jernigan, GG Ancona, MG AF Snow, A. W. Jernigan, G. G. Ancona, M. G. TI Packing density of HS(CH2)(n)COOH self-assembled monolayers SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; X-RAY; GOLD SURFACES; ORGANIC MONOLAYERS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CARBOXYLIC-ACID; ALKANETHIOLATE MONOLAYERS; ORGANOSULFUR MONOLAYERS; INDUCED DAMAGE; CHAIN-LENGTH AB Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of HS(CH2)(n)COOH, n = 5, 10, 15 deposited from ethanol solution onto gold are prepared by five approaches, and their packing densities are evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. The five approaches are: (1) direct deposition; (2) acetic-acid-assisted deposition; (3) butyl-amine-assisted deposition; (4) displacement of a preformed HS(CH2)(n)CH3 (n = 5, 10, 15) SAMs; and (5) co-deposition with HS(CH2)(n)CH3 (n = 5, 10, 15). Packing density metrics are calculated from measurements of SAM and substrate photoemission intensities and their attenuations by two methods. In one case the attenuated photoemissions are expressed as a ratio relative to comparable measurements on an experimental HS(CH2)(n)CH3 model system. In the other case a new method is introduced where a calculated attenuation based on theoretical random coil and extended chain models is used as the reference to determine a packing density fraction. Packing densities are also correlated with the S2p(Au-bonded):Au4f peak area ratios and with shifts in the C1s binding energies. SAMs prepared by the direct deposition are a partial multilayer where a second molecular layer is physisorbed onto the SAM and not removable by solvent washing. The addition of acetic acid to the deposition solution disrupts dimer associations of HS(CH2)(n)COOH in solution and at the surface of the monolayer and yields the most ordered monolayer with the highest density of -COOH groups. The addition of butyl amine results in a labile ammonium carbonate ion pair formation but results in a lower packing density in the SAM. The displacement of the preformed HS(CH2)(n)CH3 SAM and the co-deposition of HS(CH2)(n)CH3 with HS(CH2)(n)COOH result in SAMs with little incorporation of the -COOH component. C1 [Snow, A. W.; Jernigan, G. G.; Ancona, M. G.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Snow, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors very appreciatively thank Keith Perkins and Doewan Park for fabricating the Au/Si substrates. Prof. James E. Whitten of University of Massachusetts, Lowell is very appreciably acknowledged for helpful discussion and suggestions. The Office of Naval Research is gratefully acknowledged for financial support. NR 70 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 51 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2011 VL 136 IS 23 BP 4935 EP 4949 DI 10.1039/c1an15664k PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 842RI UT WOS:000296616800010 PM 22005722 ER PT J AU Bandhu, RS Sooryakumar, R Bussmann, K AF Bandhu, R. S. Sooryakumar, R. Bussmann, K. TI Acoustic vibrations in free-standing single-, bi-layer nanomembranes and patterned wires SO ANNALEN DER PHYSIK LA English DT Article DE Brillouin scattering; acoustic vibrations; nanomembranes; elastic properties ID SURFACE BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; QUANTUM WIRES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PHONON MODES; SILICON; NANOWIRES; FILMS; CONDUCTANCE; MEMBRANES; WAVES AB Brillouin light scattering investigations of acoustic vibrations in freestanding membranes, soft-hard bi-layers and patterned wires are described. Studies of longitudinal and transverse standing wave resonances, the wave vector dependence of surface and guided waves as well as their hybridization with flexural and dilational waves are presented. Size effects and the role of reduced dimensions on the acoustic behavior are investigated in soft rectangular polymeric wires on freestanding silicon nitride membranes. The mode frequencies and amplitudes are analyzed in terms of surface Green's functions and the xyz algorithm. (C) 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Bandhu, R. S.; Sooryakumar, R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bussmann, K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sooryakumar, R (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM soory@mps.ohio-state.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR 0205521] FX We acknowledge Dr. X. Zhang for contributions to aspects of the work on the single and bi-layer membranes. The research was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR 0205521. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0003-3804 J9 ANN PHYS-BERLIN JI Ann. Phys.-Berlin PD JAN PY 2011 VL 523 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 107 EP 120 DI 10.1002/andp.201000098 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 702YJ UT WOS:000285931500008 ER PT S AU Dalrymple, RA MacMahan, JH Reniers, AJHM Nelko, V AF Dalrymple, Robert A. MacMahan, Jamie H. Reniers, Ad J. H. M. Nelko, Varjola BE Davis, SH Moin, P TI Rip Currents SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS, VOL 43 SE Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE beach; nearshore; circulation; lifeguards; surf zone; drownings; natural hazards; shear waves; instabilities ID MEAN LONGSHORE-CURRENT; SURF-ZONE CURRENTS; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; NEARSHORE CIRCULATION; BOUSSINESQ EQUATIONS; SHEAR INSTABILITIES; CURRENT SYSTEMS; WAVE TRANSFORMATION; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; BEACH CUSPS AB Rip currents are fast-moving flows, traveling "outward almost at right angles to the shore" (Shepard 1936), creating a natural hazard for beachgoers, who suddenly find themselves in deep water. Field measurements and instrumentation, laboratory techniques, and numerical modeling have improved with time, enabling a more complete description of rip currents now. Surprisingly, there are many types of rip currents that can occur on beaches, and these currents are created by a wide variety of mechanisms that are presented here, along with numerical, physical, or field validation. We also show the potential for prediction schemes for use by lifeguards and beach managers. C1 [Dalrymple, Robert A.; Nelko, Varjola] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [MacMahan, Jamie H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Reniers, Ad J. H. M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Appl Marine Phys Dept, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Dalrymple, RA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM rad@jhu.edu; jhmacmah@nps.edu; areniers@rsmas.miami.edu NR 120 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 43 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-4189 BN 978-0-8243-0743-1 J9 ANNU REV FLUID MECH JI Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. PY 2011 VL 43 BP 551 EP 581 DI 10.1146/annurev-fluid-122109-160733 PG 31 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA BTI80 UT WOS:000287046400023 ER PT B AU Basova, HG Rockafellar, RT Royset, JO AF Basova, H. G. Rockafellar, R. T. Royset, J. O. BE Faber, MH Kohler, J Nishijima, K TI A computational study of the buffered failure probability in reliability-based design optimization SO APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering (IC ASP) CY AUG 01-04, 2011 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP BKW FMB Energie AG, Bundesamt Strassen ASTRA, Fed Roads Off, Walt Galmarini AG, Det Norske Veritas AS, ETH Zurich ID SAMPLE AVERAGE APPROXIMATION; CVAR; PORTFOLIO AB The buffered failure probability is an alternative measure of reliability that offers several theoretical, practical, and computational advantages over the traditional failure probability. It is handled with relative ease in design optimization problems, accounts for the degree of violation of a performance threshold, and is more conservative than the failure probability. This paper examines the difference between the buffered failure probability and the failure probability in several examples and find that the buffered failure probability typically overestimates the failure probability of a structure with a factor of three. We examine the use of the buffered failure probability in reliability-based optimal design and present three algorithms for the solution of the resulting optimization problems. Computational results on six engineering design examples indicate that the problems are solvable in few seconds using standard optimization solvers. C1 [Basova, H. G.] Turkish Army, Ankara, Turkey. [Rockafellar, R. T.] Univ Washington, Dept Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rockafellar, R. T.] Univ Florida, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Royset, J. O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. RP Basova, HG (reprint author), Turkish Army, Ankara, Turkey. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research Young Investigator grant [F1 ATA08337G003] FX The third author acknowledges financial supported from Air Force Office of Scientific Research Young Investigator grant F1 ATA08337G003. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-14479-4; 978-0-415-66986-3 PY 2011 BP 150 EP 158 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BG8DO UT WOS:000392245600019 ER PT J AU Jordan, SA AF Jordan, Stephen A. TI Optimization, resolution and application of composite compact finite difference templates SO APPLIED NUMERICAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Compact finite differencing; Multi-parameter optimization; Spatial resolution errors; Numerical stability ID BOUNDARY-VALUE-PROBLEMS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; COMPUTATIONAL AEROACOUSTICS; SCHEMES; STABILITY; APPROXIMATIONS AB Spectral-like compact finite differencing schemes are capable of achieving high spatial efficiency of complex physics in irregular domains with difficult boundary conditions. Their low-resolution errors are commonly reached through large stencils sizes and/or parameter optimization. The field stencils require boundary (and near boundary) stencils to close the composite template for implicit solution. Present practices often optimize each participating stencil individually with aim toward insuring global stability and/or spectral-like characteristics. However, analyzing each stencil separately incorrectly quantifies the local resolution errors. A new process is proposed that properly quantifies the dispersive and dissipative errors of optimized templates in the spectral domain. The templates are optimized at the boundary and adjacent interior points. Both tri- (five-point) and penta-diagonal (seven-point) compact systems are treated in this fashion. A spectral eigenvalue analysis shows the resultant composites to be numerically stable. An a priori procedure is formulated that quantifies the expected reduction in the local predictive error due specifically to the improved template spatial resolution. Three test problems are selected from the Computational Aeroacoustics workshops to demonstrate their improved predictive accuracy. Finally, the present technique provides closure for exercising the three essential criteria of numerical accuracy, stability and resolution when developing composite compact finite difference templates for practical applications. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of IMACS. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02842 USA. RP Jordan, SA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02842 USA. EM stephen.jordan@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N0001408AF00002]; Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport FX The author gratefully acknowledges the support of the Office of Naval Research (Dr. Ronald D. Joslin, Program Officer), Contract No. N0001408AF00002, and the In-House Laboratory Independent Research Program (Dr. Anthony A. Ruffa, Program Coordinator) at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9274 J9 APPL NUMER MATH JI Appl. Numer. Math. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 61 IS 1 BP 108 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.apnum.2010.08.008 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 687QH UT WOS:000284792500008 ER PT J AU Florea, C Sanghera, J Busse, L Shaw, B Miklos, F Aggarwal, I AF Florea, Catalin Sanghera, Jasbinder Busse, Lynda Shaw, Brandon Miklos, Fritz Aggarwal, Ishwar TI Reduced Fresnel losses in chalcogenide fibers obtained through fiber-end microstructuring SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ANTIREFLECTION; SURFACES; OPTICS; FABRICATION; GRATINGS AB We demonstrate microstructuring of chalcogenide fiber facets in order to obtain enhanced transmission due to the antireflective properties of the microstructured surfaces. A variety of molding approaches have been investigated for As2S3 and As3Se3 fibers. Transmission as high as 97% per facet was obtained in the case of As2S3 fiber, compared to the native, Fresnel-loss limited, transmission of 83%. Optical Society of America C1 [Florea, Catalin; Miklos, Fritz] GTEC Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Sanghera, Jasbinder; Busse, Lynda; Shaw, Brandon; Aggarwal, Ishwar] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Florea, C (reprint author), GTEC Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM catalin.florea@gtec-inc.com FU Joint Aircraft Survivability Program Office; Test Resource Management Center FX We would like to thank TelAztec, Inc. for suggesting the design and providing the shim. Funding for this work was provided by the Joint Aircraft Survivability Program Office and the Test Resource Management Center through the Science and Technology/Test and Evaluation Program. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 1 BP 17 EP 21 DI 10.1364/AO.50.000017 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 704JK UT WOS:000286048200003 PM 21221154 ER PT J AU Auyeung, RCY Kim, H Charipar, NA Birnbaum, AJ Mathews, SA Pique, A AF Auyeung, R. C. Y. Kim, H. Charipar, N. A. Birnbaum, A. J. Mathews, S. A. Pique, A. TI Laser forward transfer based on a spatial light modulator SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID DIRECT-WRITE AB We report the first demonstration of laser forward transfer using a real-time reconfigurable mask based on a spatial light modulator. The ability to dynamically change the projected beam shape and size of a coherent light source, in this case a 355-nm pulsed UV laser, represents a significant technological advancement in laser direct-write processing. The application of laser transfer techniques with adaptive control of the laser beam pattern is unique and represents a paradigm shift in non-lithographic processing. This work describes how the size and shape of an incident laser beam can be dynamically controlled in real time with the use of a digital micromirror device (DMD), resulting in laser-printed functional nanomaterials with geometries identical to those of the projected beam. For applications requiring additive non-lithographic techniques, this novel combination, which relies on the laser forward transfer of variable, structured voxels, represents a dramatic improvement in the capabilities and throughput of laser direct-write processes. C1 [Auyeung, R. C. Y.; Kim, H.; Charipar, N. A.; Birnbaum, A. J.; Mathews, S. A.; Pique, A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pique@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 102 IS 1 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1007/s00339-010-6054-9 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 705AK UT WOS:000286099800003 ER PT J AU Holst, M Greene, CR Richardson, WJ McDonald, TL Bay, K Schwartz, SJ Smith, G AF Holst, Meike Greene, Charles R., Jr. Richardson, W. John McDonald, Trent L. Bay, Kimberly Schwartz, Steven J. Smith, Grace TI Responses of Pinnipeds to Navy Missile Launches at San Nicolas Island, California SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE ddisturbance; launch sounds; missiles; California sea lion; Zalophus californianus; northern elephant seal; Mirounga angustirostris; harbor seal; Phoca vitulina AB To document the responses of pinnipeds to launches of missiles and similar aerial vehicles, three species of pinnipeds were observed during 77 launches from Navy-owned San Nicolas Island off California from August 2001 to October 2008. Pinniped behavior and flight sounds during each launch were recorded by unattended video cameras and acoustic recorders set up around the island's periphery, usually in pairs, as vehicles flew over or near haul-out sites. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess dependence of pinniped responses on received sound, distance from flight path, type of vehicle, and natural factors. The majority of observed California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) startled and showed increased vigilance up to 2 min after each launch; responses often included movement on the beach or into the water and were significantly related to received sound level and distance from the vehicle's closest point of approach. Most observed northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) showed little reaction to launches and merely raised their heads briefly. Nonetheless, their responses were also related to received sound level and distance from vehicle trajectory. The harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) was the most responsive species. During the majority of launches, most (average 68%; range 7 to 100%) observed harbor seals within similar to 4 km of the launch trajectory left their haul-out site by entering the water; harbor seals hauled out again at the same site several hours after a launch. Within the range of conditions studied, there was no clear correlation between harbor seal response and received sound level or distance from the closest point of approach of the vehicle. Despite these short-term behavioral reactions, the effects of launch operations are likely to have been minor and localized, with no consequences for local pinniped populations as pinniped population sizes on San Nicolas Island are stable or increasing. C1 [Holst, Meike; Richardson, W. John] LGL Ltd, Environm Res Associates, King City, ON L7B 1A6, Canada. [Greene, Charles R., Jr.] Greeneridge Sci Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. [McDonald, Trent L.; Bay, Kimberly] Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. [Schwartz, Steven J.; Smith, Grace] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Range Sustainabil Off, Point Mugu Nawc, CA 93042 USA. RP Holst, M (reprint author), LGL Ltd, Environm Res Associates, POB 280,22 Fisher St, King City, ON L7B 1A6, Canada. EM mholst@lgl.com RI McDonald, Trent/F-2885-2014 OI McDonald, Trent/0000-0001-7608-6988 FU Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division, Point Mugu, California FX This study was funded by the Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division, Point Mugu, California, and was conducted under the provisions of IHAs and LOAs issued by National Marine Fisheries Service. We thank A. Stone, G. Smith, S. Harvill, T. Parisi, and many others at Point Mugu and on San Nicolas Island for their support, assistance, and very positive approach to the monitoring effort. Dr. J. W. Lawson, then of LGL Ltd., helped initiate this study. R. W. Blaylock and R. G. Norman of Greeneridge Sciences processed the acoustic data, and R. E. Elliott of LGL helped with the analysis. Dr. E. A. Becker and R. L. Spaulding of TEC Inc., Santa Barbara, assisted with management and logistical matters. We also thank Dr. K. M. Dudzinski, M. Demarchi (of LGL), and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on this manuscript. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2011 VL 37 IS 2 BP 139 EP 150 DI 10.1578/AM.37.2.2011.139 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 784ID UT WOS:000292149400003 ER PT J AU Hamdan, LJ Fulmer, PA AF Hamdan, Leila J. Fulmer, Preston A. TI Effects of COREXIT (R) EC9500A on bacteria from a beach oiled by the Deepwater Horizon spill SO AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Deepwater Horizon; Gulf of Mexico; Dispersant; Hydrocarbon degraders; Vibrio; COREXIT; Toxicity ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; COLD-SEEP SEDIMENTS; CRUDE-OIL; PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; SULFATE REDUCTION; SP-NOV; BIODEGRADATION; DISPERSANT; DIVERSITY AB Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria are important for controlling the fate of natural and anthropogenic hydrocarbons in the marine environment. In the wake of the Deepwater Horizon spill in the Gulf of Mexico, microbial communities will be important for the natural attenuation of the effects of the spill. The chemical dispersant COREXIT (R) EC9500A was widely deployed during the response to the Deepwater Horizon incident. Although toxicity tests confirm that COREXIT (R) EC9500A does not pose a significant threat to invertebrate and adult fish populations, there is limited information on its effect on microbial communities. We determined the composition of the microbial community in oil that had been freshly deposited on a beach in Louisiana, USA, as a result of the Deepwater Horizon spill. The metabolic activity and viability in cultures obtained from oil samples were determined in the absence and presence of COREXIT (R) EC9500A at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 100 mg ml(-1). In length heterogeneity PCR (LH-PCR) fingerprints of oil samples, the most abundant isolates were those of Vibrio, followed by hydrocarbon-degrading isolates affiliated with Acinetobacter and Marinobacter. We observed significant reductions in production and viability of Acinetobacter and Marinobacter in the presence of the dispersant compared to controls. Of the organisms examined, Marinobacter appears to be the most sensitive to the dispersant, with nearly 100% reduction in viability and production as a result of exposure to concentrations of the dispersant likely to be encountered during the response to the spill (1 to 10 mg ml-1). Significantly, at the same concentration of dispersant, the non-hydrocarbon-degrading Vibrio isolates proliferated. These data suggest that hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria are inhibited by chemical dispersants, and that the use of dispersants has the potential to diminish the capacity of the environment to bioremediate spills. C1 [Hamdan, Leila J.] USN, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fulmer, Preston A.] USN, Bioenergy & Biofabricat Sect, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hamdan, LJ (reprint author), USN, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Res Lab, Code 6114,Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM leila.hamdan@nrl.navy.mil RI Hamdan, Leila/A-4535-2009; Fulmer, Preston/L-7702-2014 OI Hamdan, Leila/0000-0001-7331-0729; Fulmer, Preston/0000-0002-2981-576X FU Naval Research Laboratory FX We thank W. Wood (NRL) for acquiring the samples used in this study, P. Gillevet and M. Sikaroodi (George Mason University) for assistance with LH-PCR analysis, B. Ringeisen (NRL) for helpful discussions and support of this work, R. Jonas (George Mason University) for comments on the draft manuscript and L. Tender (NRL) for providing the dispersant used in these experiments. We acknowledge the Naval Research Laboratory base program for support of this project. NR 34 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 9 U2 93 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0948-3055 J9 AQUAT MICROB ECOL JI Aquat. Microb. Ecol. PY 2011 VL 63 IS 2 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.3354/ame01482 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 750WA UT WOS:000289577600001 ER PT J AU Gaball, C Lovald, S Baack, B Olson, G AF Gaball, Curtis Lovald, Scott Baack, Bret Olson, Garth TI Minimally Invasive Bioabsorbable Bone Plates for Rigid Internal Fixation of Mandible Fractures SO ARCHIVES OF FACIAL PLASTIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID RESORBABLE POLYMER PLATES; FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; OSTEOFIXATION DEVICES; COMPUTERIZED ANALYSIS; ANGLE FRACTURES; OPTIMIZATION; SURGERY; SYSTEMS; STRESS; SCREWS AB Objectives: To optimize design variables of a bioabsorbable bone plate using a finite element model of the mandible and to discover a minimally invasive bioabsorbable bone plate design that can provide the same mechanical stability as a titanium plate. Methods: A finite element model of a mandible with a fracture in the body was subjected to bite loads. An analysis was run to determine the principal strain in the fracture callus and von Mises stress in a titanium plate. These values were then set as the limits within which the bioabsorbable bone plate must comply. The model then considered a bone plate made of the polymer poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) (P[L/DL] LA) 70/30. An optimization routine determined the smallest volume of bioabsorbable bone plate that can perform as well as a titanium bone plate when fixating mandibular fractures. Results: A P(L/DL) LA plate volume of 315 mm(2) with a thickness of 1.5 mm provided as much mechanical stability as a commonly used titanium strut structure of 172 mm2. The peak plate stress was well below the yield strength of the material. Conclusions: The P(L/DL) LA bioabsorbable bone plate design is as strong as a titanium plate when fixating fractures of the mandible body despite the polymer material having only 6% of the stiffness of the titanium. The P(L/DL) LA plate can be less than half the volume of its strut-style counterpart. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2011; 13(1): 31-35 C1 [Gaball, Curtis] USN, Dept Ear Nose & Throat, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92130 USA. [Lovald, Scott] Univ New Mexico, Coll Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Baack, Bret; Olson, Garth] Univ New Mexico, Dept Surg, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Gaball, C (reprint author), USN, Dept Ear Nose & Throat, San Diego Med Ctr, 34520 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92130 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1521-2491 J9 ARCH FACIAL PLAST S JI Arch. Facial Plast. Surg. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 13 IS 1 BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1001/archfacial.2010.109 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 706NV UT WOS:000286226000005 PM 21242429 ER PT J AU Hsia, R Shen, YC AF Hsia, Renee Shen, Yu-Chu TI Possible Geographical Barriers to Trauma Center Access for Vulnerable Patients in the United States An Analysis of Urban and Rural Communities SO ARCHIVES OF SURGERY LA English DT Article ID SAFETY-NET HOSPITALS; FINANCIAL-PRESSURE; INSURANCE-COVERAGE; RISK-FACTORS; CENTER CARE; HELICOPTER; MORTALITY; POVERTY; TRENDS; REFORM AB Objective: To study whether traditionally vulnerable populations have worse geographic access to trauma centers. Design: A cross-sectional analysis using data from the American Hospital Association Annual Survey from 2005 linked with zip code-level data from the US Census. We used a multinomial logit model to examine the odds of having difficult as opposed to easy access to trauma centers for a given subgroup of vulnerable populations. Setting and Participants: Population in rural and urban communities as defined by zip codes in the United States. Main Outcome Measures: Each community's distance to the nearest trauma center (levels I-III). Results: In urban areas, 67% of the population had easy access to trauma centers and 12% had difficult access compared with 24% and 31% in rural areas, respectively. Areas with higher shares of the following vulnerable population groups had higher risks (odds ratios) of facing difficult access to trauma center services in 2005: foreign born in urban areas (1.65 for a medium share and 2.18 for a high share [both P < .01]); African American in urban and rural areas (1.25 for a medium share and 1.35 for a high share, respectively [both P < .05]); and near-poor in urban and rural areas (1.52 [P < .05] and 1.69 [P < .01] for a high share, respectively). Conclusions: A significant segment of the US population (representing 38.4 million people) does not have access to trauma care within 1 hour of driving time. Moreover, certain vulnerable groups are at higher risk than others for worse access to trauma centers. Stakeholders and health care planners should consider these factors in the development of trauma systems because a mismatch of potential need and access could signal inefficiencies in the delivery of care. C1 [Hsia, Renee] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. [Hsia, Renee] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Emergency Med, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. [Shen, Yu-Chu] USN, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Hsia, R (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, 1001 Potrero Ave,Room 1E21, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. EM renee.hsia@ucsf.edu FU Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Health Care Financing and Organization Initiative [63974]; Graduate School of Business and Public Policy; National Institutes of Health/National Center for Research Resources/OD University of California-San Francisco-Clinical and Translational Science Institute [KL2 RR024130] FX This study was supported in part by grant 63974 from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Health Care Financing and Organization Initiative and the Graduate School of Business and Public Policy Direct Funded Research Program (Dr Shen); and by grant KL2 RR024130 from the National Institutes of Health/National Center for Research Resources/OD University of California-San Francisco-Clinical and Translational Science Institute and a grant under the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Physician Faculty Scholars Program (Dr Hsia). NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0004-0010 J9 ARCH SURG-CHICAGO JI Arch. Surg. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 146 IS 1 BP 46 EP 52 DI 10.1001/archsurg.2010.299 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 706RM UT WOS:000286235500015 PM 21242445 ER PT B AU Foster, TL AF Foster, Thomas L. Tim BE Laver, HS Matthews, JJ TI Technology and Leadership Hyman G. Rickover SO ART OF COMMAND: MILITARY LEADERSHIP FROM GEORGE WASHINGTON TO COLIN POWELL LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Foster, Thomas L. Tim] TAF Inc, Houston, TX 77041 USA. [Foster, Thomas L. Tim] USN, Nucl Prop Program, Washington, DC USA. RP TAF Inc, Houston, TX 77041 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-7312-2 PY 2011 BP 179 EP 208 PG 30 WC History SC History GA BXS92 UT WOS:000297005100009 ER PT S AU Steinhauser, NB Campbell, GE Taylor, LS Caine, S Scott, C Dzikovska, MO Moore, JD AF Steinhauser, Natalie B. Campbell, Gwendolyn E. Taylor, Leanne S. Caine, Simon Scott, Charlie Dzikovska, Myroslava O. Moore, Johanna D. BE Biswas, G Bull, S Kay, J Mitrovic, A TI Talk Like an Electrician: Student Dialogue Mimicking Behavior in an Intelligent Tutoring System SO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2011 CL Univ Auckland, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND SP Univ Canterbury (UC), Comp Sci & Software Engn Dept, Univ Canterbury (UC), Coll Engn, Asia Pacific Soc Comp Educ (APSCE), Univ Auckland, Int Artificial Intelligence Educ Soc, Univ Memphis, Inst Intelligent Syst HO Univ Auckland DE Mimicking; Alignment; Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS); Human Computer Interaction (HCI) AB Students entering a new field must learn to speak the specialized language of that field. Previous research using automated measures of word overlap has found that students who modify their language to align more closely to a tutor's language show larger overall learning gains. We present an alternative approach that assesses syntactic as well as lexical alignment in a corpus of human-computer tutorial dialogue. We found distinctive patterns differentiating high and low achieving students. Our high achievers were most likely to mimic their own earlier statements and rarely made mistakes when mimicking the tutor. Low achievers were less likely to reuse their own successful sentence structures, and were more likely to make mistakes when trying to mimic the tutor. We argue that certain types of mimicking should be encouraged in tutorial dialogue systems, an important future research direction. C1 [Steinhauser, Natalie B.; Campbell, Gwendolyn E.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL USA. [Taylor, Leanne S.; Caine, Simon; Scott, Charlie] Kaegan Corp, 12000 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Dzikovska, Myroslava O.; Moore, Johanna D.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Informat, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Steinhauser, NB (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL USA. EM natalie.steinhauser@navy.mil; gwendolyn.campbell@navy.mil; Leanne.Taylor.ctr@navy.mil; Simon.Caine.ctr@navy.mil; CScott@kaegan.com; m.dzikovska@ed.ac.uk; j.moore@ed.ac.uk FU S Office of Naval Research [N000141010085, N0001410WX20278]; Office of Naval Research FX This work has been supported in part by US Office of Naval Research grants N000141010085 and N0001410WX20278. We would like to thank our sponsors from the Office of Naval Research, Dr. Susan Chipman and Dr. Ray Perez, and former Research Associates who worked on this project, Katherine Harrison, Elaine Farrow, and Charles Callaway for their contributions to this effort. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-21868-2; 978-3-642-21869-9 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2011 VL 6738 BP 361 EP 368 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCX81 UT WOS:000311898000047 ER PT J AU Chynoweth, KM Langston, GI Holley-Bockelmann, K AF Chynoweth, Katie M. Langston, Glen I. Holley-Bockelmann, Kelly TI H I CLOUDS IN THE M81 FILAMENT AS DARK MATTER MINIHALOS-A PHASE-SPACE MISMATCH SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: groups: individual (M81/M82, NGC 2403); galaxies: interactions; ISM: clouds; radio lines: galaxies ID HIGH-VELOCITY CLOUDS; LOCAL GROUP; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; MISSING SATELLITES; DWARF GALAXIES; KINEMATICS; SEARCH; ORIGIN; VIEW AB Cosmological galaxy formation models predict the existence of dark matter minihalos surrounding galaxies and in filaments connecting groups of galaxies. The more massive of these minihalos are predicted to host H I gas that should be detectable by current radio telescopes such as the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT). We observed the region including the M81/M82 and NGC 2403 galaxy groups, searching for observational evidence of an H I component associated with dark matter halos within the "M81 Filament," using the GBT. The map covers an 8.degrees 7 x 21.degrees 3 (480 kpc x 1.2Mpc) region centered between the M81/M82 and NGC 2403 galaxy groups. Our observations cover a wide velocity range, from -890 to 1320 km s(-1), which spans much of the range predicted by cosmological N-body simulations for dark matter minihalo velocities. Our search is not complete in the velocity range -210 to 85 km s(-1), containing Galactic emission and the HVC Complex A. For an H I cloud at the distance of M81, with a size <= 10 kpc, our average 5 sigma mass detection limit is 3.2 x 10(6) M-circle dot, for a linewidth of 20 km s(-1). We compare our observations to two large cosmological N-body simulations and find that the simulation predicts a significantly greater number of detectable minihalos than are found in our observations, and that the simulated minihalos do not match the phase space of observed H I clouds. These results place strong constraints on the H I gas that can be associated with dark matter halos. Our observations indicate that the majority of extragalactic H I clouds with a mass greater than 10(6) M-circle dot are likely to be generated through tidal stripping caused by galaxy interactions. C1 [Chynoweth, Katie M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Langston, Glen I.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA. [Holley-Bockelmann, Kelly] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Chynoweth, KM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NRC; NRAO; Vanderbilt University FX K. M. C. thanks the NRC Research Associateship program, the NRAO Pre-Doctoral Fellowship program, and Vanderbilt University for funding support. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 141 IS 1 AR 9 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/141/1/9 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 694IW UT WOS:000285291100009 ER PT J AU Winters, JG Henry, TJ Jao, WC Subasavage, JP Finch, CT Hambly, NC AF Winters, Jennifer G. Henry, Todd J. Jao, Wei-Chun Subasavage, John P. Finch, Charlie T. Hambly, Nigel C. TI THE SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD. XXIII. CCD PHOTOMETRIC DISTANCE ESTIMATES OF SCR TARGETS-77 M DWARF SYSTEMS WITHIN 25 pc SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar neighborhood; stars: distances; stars: low-mass; stars: statistics; techniques: photometric ID PROPER-MOTION STARS; SUPERCOSMOS SKY SURVEY; NEARBY STARS; DECLINATIONS -90-DEGREES; DENIS PHOTOMETRY; ULTRACOOL DWARFS; 30 PARSECS; DISCOVERY; YR(-1); SAMPLE AB We present CCD photometric distance estimates of 100 SCR (SuperCOSMOS RECONS) systems with mu >= 0.'' 18 yr(-1), 29 of which are new discoveries previously unpublished in this series of papers. These distances are estimated using a combination of new VRI photometry acquired at CTIO and JHK magnitudes extracted from 2MASS. The estimates are improvements over those determined using photographic plate BRI magnitudes from SuperCOSMOS plus JHK, as presented in the original discovery papers. In total, 77 of the 100 systems investigated are predicted to be within 25 pc. If all 77 systems are confirmed to have pi(trig) >= 40 mas, this sample would represent a 23% increase in M dwarf systems nearer than 25 pc in the southern sky. C1 [Winters, Jennifer G.; Henry, Todd J.; Jao, Wei-Chun] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Subasavage, John P.] Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Finch, Charlie T.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Hambly, Nigel C.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, SUPA, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Winters, JG (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. EM winters@chara.gsu.edu; thenry@chara.gsu.edu; jao@chara.gsu.edu; jsubasavage@ctio.noao.edu; finch@usno.navy.mil; nch@roe.ac.uk FU National Science Foundation [AST 05-07711, AST 09-08402]; NASA's Space Interferometry Mission; Georgia State University; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The support of additional RECONS team members was vital for this research, in particular Adric Riedel. We also thank Brian Mason for insight on preliminary optical speckle survey results, as well as Ed Nelan for early results from HST-FGS. This work has been supported under National Science Foundation grants AST 05-07711 and AST 09-08402, as well as by NASA's Space Interferometry Mission, and Georgia State University. We also thank the members of the SMARTS Consortium, who enable the operations of the small telescopes at CTIO, as well as the observer support at CTIO, especially Edgardo Cosgrove, Arturo Gomez, Alberto Miranda, and Joselino Vasquez. This research makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. This research also makes use of the SIMBAD database and the Aladin and Vizier interfaces, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. Thank you to the referees for their helpful comments, as well. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 141 IS 1 AR 21 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/141/1/21 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 694IW UT WOS:000285291100021 ER PT J AU Farinelli, R Titarchuk, L AF Farinelli, R. Titarchuk, L. TI On the stability of the thermal Comptonization index in neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries in their different spectral states SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars: neutron; X-rays: binaries; accretion, accretion disks; radiative transfer ID OSCILLATION FREQUENCY CORRELATION; QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; BLACK-HOLE BINARIES; OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE; BEPPOSAX OBSERVATIONS; ACCRETION DISKS; SCORPIUS X-1; MONTE-CARLO; CYGNUS X-2; EMISSION AB Context. Most of the spectra of neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries (NS LMXBs), whether they are persistent or transient, are characterized by the presence of a strong thermal Comptonization bump, which is thought to originate in the transition layer (TL) between the accretion disk and the NS surface. The observable quantities that characterize this component, which is dominating the emission below 30 keV, are the spectral index alpha and the rollover energy, both related to the electron temperature and optical depth of the plasma. Aims. Starting from observational results on a sample of NS LMXBs in different spectral states, we formulate the problem of X-ray spectral formation in the TL of these sources. We predict a stability of the thermal Comptonization spectral index in different spectral states if the energy release in the TL is much higher than the intercepted flux coming from the accretion disk. Methods. We use an equation for the energy balance and the radiative transfer diffusion equation for a slab geometry in the TL to derive a formula for the thermal Comptonization index alpha. We show that in this approximation the TL electron temperature kT(e) and optical depth tau(0) can be written as a function of the energy flux from the disk intercepted by the corona (TL) and that in the corona itself, Q(disk)/Q(cor). Because the spectral index a depends on kT(e) and tau(0), this in turn leads to a relation alpha = f (Q(disk)/Q(cor)), with alpha similar to 1 when Q(disk)/Q(cor) << 1. Results. We show that the observed spectral index a for the sample of sources here considered lies in a belt around 1 +/- 0.2 apart for the case of GX 354-0. Comparing our theoretical predictions with observations, we claim that this result, which is consistent with the condition Q(disk)/Q(cor) << 1, can give us constraints on the accretion geometry of these systems, an issue that seems difficult to be solved with only the spectral analysis method. C1 [Farinelli, R.; Titarchuk, L.] Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Titarchuk, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Titarchuk, L.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Titarchuk, L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Farinelli, R (reprint author), Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, Via Saragat 1, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. EM farinelli@fe.infn.it FU Italian PRIN-INAF FX The authors are grateful to the referee whose suggestions greatly improved the quality of the paper with respect to the first version. This work was supported by grant from Italian PRIN-INAF 2007, "Bulk motion Comptonization models in X-ray Binaries: from phenomenology to physics", PI M. Cocchi. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 525 AR A102 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014808 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 692ZF UT WOS:000285193700049 ER PT J AU O'Dwyer, B Del Zanna, G Mason, HE Sterling, AC Tripathi, D Young, PR AF O'Dwyer, B. Del Zanna, G. Mason, H. E. Sterling, A. C. Tripathi, D. Young, P. R. TI Hinode extreme-ultraviolet imaging spectrometer observations of a limb active region SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: atmosphere; Sun: corona; Sun: UV radiation ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; X-RAY TELESCOPE; EMISSION-LINES; TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE; ATOMIC DATABASE; CORONAL LOOPS; PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS; DENSITY STRUCTURE; IRON PROJECT; HOT PLASMA AB Aims. We investigate the electron density and temperature structure of a limb active region. Methods. We have carried out a study of an active region close to the solar limb using observations from the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) and the X-ray telescope (XRT) on board Hinode. The electron density and temperature distributions of the coronal emission have been determined using emission line intensity ratios. Differential emission measure (DEM) analysis and the emission measure (EM) loci technique were used to examine the thermal structure of the emitting plasma as a function of distance from the limb. Results. The highest temperature and electron density values are found to be located in the core of the active region, with a peak electron number density value of 1.9 x 10(10) cm(-3) measured using the Fe XII 186.887 angstrom to 192.394 angstrom line intensity ratio. The plasma along the line of sight in the active region was found to be multi-thermal at different distances from the limb. The EIS and XRT DEM analyses appear to be in agreement in the temperature interval from log T = 6.5-6.7. Conclusions. Our results provide new constraints for models of coronal heating in active regions. C1 [O'Dwyer, B.; Del Zanna, G.; Mason, H. E.; Tripathi, D.] Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. [Sterling, A. C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Young, P. R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Young, P. R.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP O'Dwyer, B (reprint author), Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Wilberforce Rd, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. EM B.O-Dwyer@damtp.cam.ac.uk; G.Del-Zanna@damtp.cam.ac.uk; H.E.Mason@damtp.cam.ac.uk; alphonse.sterling@nasa.gov; D.Tripathi@damtp.cam.ac.uk RI Tripathi, Durgesh/D-9390-2012 OI Tripathi, Durgesh/0000-0003-1689-6254 FU Gates Cambridge Trust; NASA FX B.O.D., G.D.Z., H.E.M. and D.T. acknowledge STFC. B.O.D. was supported by funding from the Gates Cambridge Trust. A.C.S. was supported by funding from NASA's SR&T and LWS programs. We would like to thank Mark Weber and the rest of XRT team for their advice on creating XRT DEM curves. We would also like to thank the anonymous referee for constructive comments which have improved the quality of this manuscript. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, collaborating with NAOJ as a domestic partner, NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. Scientific operation of the Hinode mission is conducted by the Hinode science team organized at ISAS/JAXA. This team mainly consists of scientists from institutes in the partner countries. Support for the post-launch operation is provided by JAXA and NAOJ (Japan), STFC (UK), NASA, ESA, and NSC (Norway). NR 50 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 525 AR A137 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200912701 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 692ZF UT WOS:000285193700006 ER PT J AU Patsourakos, S Vourlidas, A AF Patsourakos, S. Vourlidas, A. TI Evidence for a current sheet forming in the wake of a coronal mass ejection from multi-viewpoint coronagraph observations SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares ID RECONNECTING CURRENT SHEETS; CME CURRENT SHEETS; SOLAR-FLARE; STEREO; ACCELERATION; MOTIONS; ARCADE AB Context. Ray-like features observed by coronagraphs in the wake of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are sometimes interpreted as the white light counterparts of current sheets (CSs) produced by the eruption. The 3D geometry of these ray-like features is largely unknown and its knowledge should clarify their association to the CS and place constraints on CME physics and coronal conditions. Aims. If these rays are related to field relaxation behind CMEs, therefore representing current sheets, then they should be aligned to the CME axis. With this study we test these important implications for the first time. Methods. An example of such a post-CME ray was observed by various coronagraphs, including these of the Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric investigation (SECCHI) onboard the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) twin spacecraft and the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). The ray was observed in the aftermath of a CME which occurred on 9 April 2008. The twin STEREO spacecraft were separated by about 48 degrees on that day. This significant separation combined with a third "eye" view supplied by LASCO allow for a truly multi-viewpoint observation of the ray and of the CME. We applied 3D forward geometrical modeling to the CME and to the ray as simultaneously viewed by SECCHI-A and B and by SECCHI-A and LASCO, respectively. Results. We found that the ray can be approximated by a rectangular slab, nearly aligned with the CME axis, and much smaller than the CME in both terms of thickness and depth (approximate to 0.05 and 0.15 R-circle dot respectively). The ray electron density and temperature were substantially higher than their values in the ambient corona. We found that the ray and CME are significantly displaced from the associated post-CME flaring loops. Conclusions. The properties and location of the ray are fully consistent with the expectations of the standard CME theories for post-CME current sheets. Therefore, our multi-viewpoint observations supply strong evidence that the observed post-CME ray is indeed related to a post-CME current sheet. C1 [Patsourakos, S.] Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, Sect Astrogeophys, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Vourlidas, A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Patsourakos, S (reprint author), Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, Sect Astrogeophys, POB 1186, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. EM spatsour@cc.uoi.gr; vourlidas@nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 525 AR A27 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201015048 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 692ZF UT WOS:000285193700073 ER PT J AU Peters, WM Lazio, TJW Clarke, TE Erickson, WC Kassim, NE AF Peters, W. M. Lazio, T. J. W. Clarke, T. E. Erickson, W. C. Kassim, N. E. TI Radio recombination lines at decametre wavelengths Prospects for the future SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE line: identification; instrumentation: interferometers; ISM: lines and bands; radio lines: ISM ID EXCITED-CARBON; CASSIOPEIA; MHZ; FREQUENCIES; EMISSION AB This paper considers the suitability of a number of emerging and future instruments for the study of radio recombination lines (RRLs) at frequencies below 200 MHz. These lines are of interest because they arise only in low-density regions of the ionized interstellar medium and because they may represent a frequency-dependent foreground for next-generation experiments trying to detect Hi signals from the Universe's Epoch of Reionization and Dark Ages (so-called "21-cm cosmology" observations). We summarize existing decametre-wavelength observations of RRLs, which have detected only carbon RRLs. We then show that, with reference to an interferometric array, the primary instrumental factor limiting detection and study of the RRLs is the areal filling factor of the array. We consider the first station of the Long Wavelength Array (LWA-1), the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR), the low-frequency component of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA-lo), and a future Lunar Radio Array (LRA), all of which are likely to operate at decametre wavelengths. Key advantages that many of these arrays offer include digital signal processing, which should produce more stable and better defined spectral bandpasses; larger frequency tuning ranges; and better angular resolution than that of the previous generation of instruments that have been used in the past for RRL observations. Detecting Galactic carbon RRLs, with optical depths at the level of 10(-3), appears feasible for all of these arrays, with integration times ranging from a few hours to as much as 100 h; at optimal frequencies this would permit a Galactic survey. The SKA-lo and LRA, and the LWA-1 and LOFAR at the lowest frequencies, should have a high enough filling factor to detect lines with much lower optical depths, of order 10(-4) in a few hundred hours. The amount of RRL-hosting gas present in the Galaxy at the high Galactic latitudes likely to be targeted in Epoch of Reionization and Dark Ages Hi studies is currently unknown. If present, however, the spectral fluctuations from RRLs could be comparable to or exceed the anticipated HI signals. C1 [Peters, W. M.; Lazio, T. J. W.; Clarke, T. E.; Kassim, N. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lazio, T. J. W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, NASA Lunar Sci Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Erickson, W. C.] Univ Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tas 7005, Australia. RP Peters, WM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Wendy.Peters@nrl.navy.mil; Joseph.Lazio@jpl.nasa.gov; Tracy.Clarke@nrl.navy.mil; Namir.Kassim@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA Lunar Science Institute [NNA09DB30A]; 6.1 Base funding FX The authors thank E. Polisensky for providing sky temperatures, A. Cohen for help with calculating the station filling factor for the LWA-1, G. Smirnov for information about previous instruments, and the referee for suggestions that helped us clarify and quantify certain points. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. The LUNAR consortium is funded by the NASA Lunar Science Institute (via Cooperative Agreement NNA09DB30A) to investigate concepts for astrophysical observatories on the Moon. Basic research in radio astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is funded by 6.1 Base funding. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 525 AR A128 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014707 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 692ZF UT WOS:000285193700041 ER PT J AU Theureau, G Parent, D Cognard, I Desvignes, G Smith, DA Casandjian, JM Cheung, CC Craig, HA Donato, D Foster, R Guillemot, L Harding, AK Lestrade, JF Ray, PS Romani, RW Thompson, DJ Tian, WW Watters, K AF Theureau, G. Parent, D. Cognard, I. Desvignes, G. Smith, D. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cheung, C. C. Craig, H. A. Donato, D. Foster, R. Guillemot, L. Harding, A. K. Lestrade, J. -F. Ray, P. S. Romani, R. W. Thompson, D. J. Tian, W. W. Watters, K. TI PSRs J0248+6021 and J2240+5832: young pulsars in the northern Galactic plane Discovery, timing, and gamma-ray observations SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: stars; pulsars: individual: J0248+6021; pulsars: individual: J2240+5832 ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; LIGHT CURVES; SPACE-TELESCOPE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; EGRET DATA; MODEL; EMISSION; RADIATION; ROTATION; MAGNETOSPHERE AB Context. Pulsars PSR J0248+6021 (with a rotation period P = 217 ms and spin-down power (E) over dot = 2.13 x 10(35) erg s(-1)) and PSR J2240+5832 (P = 140 ms, (E) over dot = 2.12 x 10(35) erg s(-1)) were discovered in 1997 with the Nancay radio telescope during a northern Galactic plane survey, using the Navy-Berkeley Pulsar Processor (NBPP) filter bank. The GeV gamma-ray pulsations from both were discovered using the Fermi Large Area Telescope. Aims. We characterize the neutron star emission using radio and gamma-ray observations, and explore the rich environment of PSR J0248+6021. Methods. Twelve years of radio timing data, including glitches, with steadily improved instrumentation, such as the Berkeley-Orleans-Nancay pulsar backend, and a gamma-ray data set 2.6 times larger than previously published allow detailed investigations of these pulsars. Radio polarization data allow comparison with the geometry inferred from gamma-ray emission models. Results. The two pulsars resemble each other in both radio and gamma-ray data. Both are rare in having a single gamma-ray pulse offset far from the radio peak. The anomalously high dispersion measure for PSR J0248+6021 (DM = 370 pc cm(-3)) is most likely due to its being within the dense, giant HII region W5 in the Perseus arm at a distance of 2 kpc, as opposed to being beyond the edge of the Galaxy as obtained from models of average electron distributions. Its large transverse velocity and the low magnetic field along the line-of-sight favor this small distance. Neither gamma-ray, X-ray, nor optical data yield evidence of a pulsar wind nebula surrounding PSR J0248+6021. We report the discovery of gamma-ray pulsations from PSR J2240+5832. We argue that it could be in the outer arm, although slightly nearer than its DM-derived distance, but that it may be in the Perseus arm at half the distance. Conclusions. The energy flux and distance yield a gamma-ray luminosity for PSR J0248+6021 of L-gamma = (1.4 +/- 0.3) x 10(34) erg s(-1). For PSR J2240+5832, we find either L-gamma = (7.9 +/- 5.2) x 10(34) erg s(-1) if the pulsar is in the outer arm, or L-gamma = (2.2 +/- 1.7) x 10(34) erg s(-1) for the Perseus arm. These luminosities are consistent with an L-gamma proportional to root(E) over dot rule. Comparison of the gamma-ray pulse profiles with model predictions, including the constraints obtained from radio polarization data, implies outer magnetosphere emission. These two pulsars differ mainly in terms of their inclination angles and acceleration gap widths, which in turn explain the observed differences in the gamma-ray peak widths. C1 [Theureau, G.; Cognard, I.; Desvignes, G.] CNRS, LPC2E, Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace, UMR 6115, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. [Theureau, G.; Cognard, I.; Desvignes, G.] Observ Paris, CNRS, INSU, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Parent, D.; Cheung, C. C.; Ray, P. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Parent, D.; Smith, D. A.; Guillemot, L.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux,CENBG, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Desvignes, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Desvignes, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Radio Astron Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Casandjian, J. M.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA IRFU, CNRS,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Craig, H. A.; Romani, R. W.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Craig, H. A.; Romani, R. W.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Donato, D.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Donato, D.; Harding, A. K.; Thompson, D. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Donato, D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Donato, D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Foster, R.] High Performance Technol Inc, Reston, VA 20190 USA. [Guillemot, L.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Lestrade, J. -F.] Observ Paris, CNRS, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. [Tian, W. W.] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Tian, W. W.] Natl Astron Observ China, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. RP Theureau, G (reprint author), CNRS, LPC2E, Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace, UMR 6115, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. EM theureau@cnrs-orleans.fr; dparent@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; smith@cenbg.in2p3.fr RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France FX We thank Simon Johnston for useful discussions regarding the radio polarization signal. The Nancay Radio Observatory is operated by the Paris Observatory, associated with the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). This research made use of the WEBDA database, operated at the Institute for Astronomy of the University of Vienna. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. NR 57 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 525 AR A94 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201015317 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 692ZF UT WOS:000285193700100 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Costamante, L Cutini, S Davis, DS Dermer, CD de Palma, F Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Fortin, P Frailis, M Fuhrmann, L Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hayashida, M Hays, E Horan, D Hughes, RE Itoh, R Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lee, SH Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Mehault, J Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakamori, T Naumann-Godo, M Nestoras, I Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Okumura, A Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reyes, LC Ripken, J Ritz, S Romani, RW Roth, M Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Scargle, JD Sgro, C Shaw, MS Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Yang, Z Ylinen, T Ziegler, M Acciari, VA Aliu, E Arlen, T Aune, T Beilicke, M Benbow, W Bottcher, M Boltuch, D Bradbury, SM Buckley, JH Bugaev, V Byrum, K Cannon, A Cesarini, A Christiansen, JL Ciupik, L Cui, W Perez, ID Dickherber, R Errando, M Falcone, A Finley, JP Finnegan, G Fortson, L Furniss, A Galante, N Gall, D Gillanders, GH Godambe, S Grube, J Guenette, R Gyuk, G Hanna, D Holder, J Hui, CM Humensky, TB Imran, A Kaaret, P Karlsson, N Kertzman, M Kieda, D Konopelko, A Krawczynski, H Krennrich, F Lang, MJ LeBohec, S Maier, G McArthur, S McCann, A McCutcheon, M Moriarty, P Mukherjee, R Ong, RA Otte, AN Pandel, D Perkins, JS Pichel, A Pohl, M Quinn, J Ragan, K Reynolds, PT Roache, E Rose, HJ Schroedter, M Sembroski, GH Senturk, GD Smith, AW Steele, D Swordy, SP Tesic, G Theiling, M Thibadeau, S Varlotta, A Vassiliev, VV Vincent, S Wakely, SP Ward, JE Weekes, TC Weinstein, A Weisgarber, T Williams, DA Wissel, S Wood, M Villata, M Raiteri, CM Gurwell, MA Larionov, VM Kurtanidze, OM Aller, MF Lahteenmaki, A Chen, WP Berduygin, A Agudo, I Aller, HD Arkharov, AA Bach, U Bachev, R Beltrame, P Benitez, E Buemi, CS Dashti, J Calcidese, P Capezzali, D Carosati, D Da Rio, D Di Paola, A Diltz, C Dolci, M Dultzin, D Forne, E Gomez, JL Hagen-Thorn, VA Halkola, A Heidt, J Hiriart, D Hovatta, T Hsiao, HY Jorstad, SG Kimeridze, GN Konstantinova, TS Kopatskaya, EN Koptelova, E Leto, P Ligustri, R Lindfors, E Lopez, JM Marscher, AP Mommert, M Mujica, R Nikolashvili, MG Nilsson, K Palma, N Pasanen, M Roca-Sogorb, M Mommert, M Mujica, R Nikolashvili, MG Nilsson, K Palma, N Pasanen, M Roca-Sogorb, M Ros, JA Roustazadeh, P Sadun, AC Saino, J Sigua, LA Sillanaa, A Sorcia, M Takalo, LO Tornikoski, M Trigilio, C Turchetti, R Umana, G Belloni, T Blake, CH Bloom, JS Angelakis, E Fumagalli, M Hauser, M Prochaska, JX Riquelme, D Sievers, A Starr, DL Tagliaferri, G Ungerechts, H Wagner, S Zensus, JA AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Costamante, L. Cutini, S. Davis, D. S. Dermer, C. D. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fuhrmann, L. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Itoh, R. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lee, S. -H. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Mehault, J. Michelson, P. F. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakamori, T. Naumann-Godo, M. Nestoras, I. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Okumura, A. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reyes, L. C. Ripken, J. Ritz, S. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Shaw, M. S. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Yang, Z. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. Acciari, V. A. Aliu, E. Arlen, T. Aune, T. Beilicke, M. Benbow, W. Boettcher, M. Boltuch, D. Bradbury, S. M. Buckley, J. H. Bugaev, V. Byrum, K. Cannon, A. Cesarini, A. Christiansen, J. L. Ciupik, L. Cui, W. de la Calle Perez, I. Dickherber, R. Errando, M. Falcone, A. Finley, J. P. Finnegan, G. Fortson, L. Furniss, A. Galante, N. Gall, D. Gillanders, G. H. Godambe, S. Grube, J. Guenette, R. Gyuk, G. Hanna, D. Holder, J. Hui, C. M. Humensky, T. B. Imran, A. Kaaret, P. Karlsson, N. Kertzman, M. Kieda, D. Konopelko, A. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Lang, M. J. LeBohec, S. Maier, G. McArthur, S. McCann, A. McCutcheon, M. Moriarty, P. Mukherjee, R. Ong, R. A. Otte, A. N. Pandel, D. Perkins, J. S. Pichel, A. Pohl, M. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Reynolds, P. T. Roache, E. Rose, H. J. Schroedter, M. Sembroski, G. H. Senturk, G. Demet Smith, A. W. Steele, D. Swordy, S. P. Tesic, G. Theiling, M. Thibadeau, S. Varlotta, A. Vassiliev, V. V. Vincent, S. Wakely, S. P. Ward, J. E. Weekes, T. C. Weinstein, A. Weisgarber, T. Williams, D. A. Wissel, S. Wood, M. Villata, M. Raiteri, C. M. Gurwell, M. A. Larionov, V. M. Kurtanidze, O. M. Aller, M. F. Lahteenmaki, A. Chen, W. P. Berduygin, A. Agudo, I. Aller, H. D. Arkharov, A. A. Bach, U. Bachev, R. Beltrame, P. Benitez, E. Buemi, C. S. Dashti, J. Calcidese, P. Capezzali, D. Carosati, D. Da Rio, D. Di Paola, A. Diltz, C. Dolci, M. Dultzin, D. Forne, E. Gomez, J. L. Hagen-Thorn, V. A. Halkola, A. Heidt, J. Hiriart, D. Hovatta, T. Hsiao, H. -Y. Jorstad, S. G. Kimeridze, G. N. Konstantinova, T. S. Kopatskaya, E. N. Koptelova, E. Leto, P. Ligustri, R. Lindfors, E. Lopez, J. M. Marscher, A. P. Mommert, M. Mujica, R. Nikolashvili, M. G. Nilsson, K. Palma, N. Pasanen, M. Roca-Sogorb, M. Mommert, M. Mujica, R. Nikolashvili, M. G. Nilsson, K. Palma, N. Pasanen, M. Roca-Sogorb, M. Ros, J. A. Roustazadeh, P. Sadun, A. C. Saino, J. Sigua, L. A. Sillanaa, A. Sorcia, M. Takalo, L. O. Tornikoski, M. Trigilio, C. Turchetti, R. Umana, G. Belloni, T. Blake, C. H. Bloom, J. S. Angelakis, E. Fumagalli, M. Hauser, M. Prochaska, J. X. Riquelme, D. Sievers, A. Starr, D. L. Tagliaferri, G. Ungerechts, H. Wagner, S. Zensus, J. A. CA Fermi-Lat Collaboration VERITAS Collaboration GASP-WEBT Consortium TI MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF THE FLARING GAMMA-RAY BLAZAR 3C 66A IN 2008 OCTOBER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects: individual (3C 66A); galaxies: active; gamma rays: galaxies ID BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; EPOCH VLBI SURVEY; BRIGHT BLAZARS; RADIO-SOURCES; TEV BLAZARS; BACKGROUND-RADIATION; VERITAS OBSERVATIONS AB The BL Lacertae object 3C 66A was detected in a flaring state by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and VERITAS in 2008 October. In addition to these gamma-ray observations, F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, PAIRITEL, MDM, ATOM, Swift, and Chandra provided radio to X-ray coverage. The available light curves show variability and, in particular, correlated flares are observed in the optical and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray band. The resulting spectral energy distribution can be well fitted using standard leptonic models with and without an external radiation field for inverse Compton scattering. It is found, however, that only the model with an external radiation field can accommodate the intra-night variability observed at optical wavelengths. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Costamante, L.; Digel, S. 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EM lreyes@kicp.uchicago.edu RI Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Kurtanidze, Omar/J-6237-2014; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Agudo, Ivan/G-1701-2015; Jorstad, Svetlana/H-6913-2013; Grishina, Tatiana/H-6873-2013; Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir/H-3983-2013; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Fumagalli, Michele/K-9510-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Lahteenmaki, Anne/L-5987-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Larionov, Valeri/H-1349-2013; Kopatskaya, Evgenia/H-4720-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; OI Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Cesarini, Andrea/0000-0002-8611-8610; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Leto, Paolo/0000-0003-4864-2806; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Ward, John E/0000-0003-1973-0794; Raiteri, Claudia Maria/0000-0003-1784-2784; Dolci, Mauro/0000-0001-8000-5642; Buemi, Carla Simona/0000-0002-7288-4613; Villata, Massimo/0000-0003-1743-6946; Umana, Grazia/0000-0002-6972-8388; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; Di Paola, Andrea/0000-0002-2189-8644; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Agudo, Ivan/0000-0002-3777-6182; Jorstad, Svetlana/0000-0001-9522-5453; Grishina, Tatiana/0000-0002-3953-6676; Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir/0000-0002-6431-8590; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Fumagalli, Michele/0000-0001-6676-3842; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Larionov, Valeri/0000-0002-4640-4356; Kopatskaya, Evgenia/0000-0001-9518-337X; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Pandel, Dirk/0000-0003-2085-5586; Lang, Mark/0000-0003-4641-4201; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Angelakis, Emmanouil/0000-0001-7327-5441; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Tagliaferri, Gianpiero/0000-0003-0121-0723 FU NASA [NNX08AU13G, NNG06GH50G, GO8-9100X]; Harvard University; Academy of Finland; Georgian National Science Foundation [GNSF/ST08/4-404]; Russian RFBR foundation [09-02-00092]; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago [NSF PHY-0114422, NSF PHY-0551142]; Fermilab; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics; University of Chicago FX The VERITAS collaboration also acknowledges the excel-lent work of the technical support staff at the FLWO and the collaborating institutions in the construction and operation of the instrument, as well as support from the NASA/Swift guest investigator program (grant NNX08AU13G) for the Swift observations.; PAIRITEL is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) and was made possible by a grant from the Harvard University Milton Fund, a camera loan from the University of Virginia, and continued support of the SAO and UC Berkeley. The PAIRITEL project is further supported by NASA/Swift Guest Investigator grant NNG06GH50G. This research is partly based on observations with the 100 m telescope of the MPIfR (Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie) at Effelsberg and has also made use of observations with the IRAM 30 m telescope. The Metsahovi team acknowledges the support from the Academy of Finland. The Abastumani Observatory team acknowledges financial support by the Georgian National Science Foundation through grant GNSF/ST08/4-404. The St. Petersburg University team acknowledges support from Russian RFBR foundation via grant 09-02-00092. AZT-24 observations are made within an agreement between Pulkovo, Rome, and Teramo observatories.; L. C. Reyes acknowledges the support by the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago through grants NSF PHY-0114422 and NSF PHY-0551142 and an endowment from the Kavli Foundation and its founder Fred Kavli. M. Bottcher acknowledges support from NASA through Chandra Guest Investigator Grant GO8-9100X. Some of the VERITAS simulations used in this work have been performed on the joint Fermilab-KICP supercomputing cluster, supported by grants from Fermilab, the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, and the University of Chicago. NR 74 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 726 IS 1 AR 43 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/43 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 695ZI UT WOS:000285411300043 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ajello, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Camilo, F Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cognard, I Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Luca, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Favuzzi, C Focke, WB Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Germani, S Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashi, K Hays, E Hobbs, G Hughes, RE Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Johnston, S Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Keith, M Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kramer, M Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lee, SH Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Lyne, AG Makeev, A Marelli, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Mehault, J Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakamori, T Naumann-Godo, M Nolan, PL Noutsos, A Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Okumura, A Ormes, JF Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Ransom, SM Ray, PS Razzano, M Rea, N Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ripken, J Ritz, S Romani, RW Sadrozinski, HFW Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Theureau, G Thompson, DJ Thorsett, SE Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Uehara, T Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Van Etten, A Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Weltevrede, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Yang, Z Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Camilo, F. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cognard, I. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Luca, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Favuzzi, C. Focke, W. B. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashi, K. Hays, E. Hobbs, G. Hughes, R. E. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Johnston, S. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Keith, M. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kramer, M. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lee, S. -H. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Lyne, A. G. Makeev, A. Marelli, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Mehault, J. Michelson, P. F. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakamori, T. Naumann-Godo, M. Nolan, P. L. Noutsos, A. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Okumura, A. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Ransom, S. M. Ray, P. S. Razzano, M. Rea, N. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ripken, J. Ritz, S. Romani, R. W. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Theureau, G. Thompson, D. J. Thorsett, S. E. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Uehara, T. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Van Etten, A. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Weltevrede, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Yang, Z. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI FERMI-LAT SEARCH FOR PULSAR WIND NEBULAE AROUND GAMMA-RAY PULSARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; gamma rays: general; pulsars: general ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; SUPERNOVA REMNANT G21.5-0.9; SOURCE 3EG J2227+6122; CLUSTER WESTERLUND 2; X-RAY; LIGHT CURVES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PSR J1833-1034; RADIO COUNTERPART; GEMINGA PULSAR AB The high sensitivity of the Fermi-LAT (Large Area Telescope) offers the first opportunity to study faint and extended GeV sources such as pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). After one year of observation the LAT detected and identified three PWNe: the Crab Nebula, Vela-X, and the PWN inside MSH 15-52. In the meantime, the list of LAT detected pulsars increased steadily. These pulsars are characterized by high energy loss rates ((E) over dot) from similar to 3 x 10(33) erg s(-1) to 5 x 10(38) erg s(-1) and are therefore likely to power a PWN. This paper summarizes the search for PWNe in the off-pulse windows of 54 LAT-detected pulsars using 16 months of survey observations. Ten sources show significant emission, seven of these likely being of magnetospheric origin. The detection of significant emission in the off-pulse interval offers new constraints on the gamma-ray emitting regions in pulsar magnetospheres. The three other sources with significant emission are the Crab Nebula, Vela-X, and a new PWN candidate associated with the LAT pulsar PSR J1023-5746, coincident with the TeV source HESS J1023-575. We further explore the association between the HESS and the Fermi source by modeling its spectral energy distribution. Flux upper limits derived for the 44 remaining sources are used to provide new constraints on famous PWNe that have been detected at keV and/or TeV energies. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. 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[Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Ray, P. S.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] CNRS, UMR 6115, LPCE, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. [Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] Observ Paris, CNRS INSU, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Mehault, J.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Ripken, J.; Yang, Z.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Ripken, J.; Yang, Z.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Luca, A.] IUSS, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Frailis, M.] Osserv Astron Trieste, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Hayashi, K.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Uehara, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Giommi, P.] ASI, Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Guillemot, L.; Kramer, M.; Noutsos, A.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hobbs, G.; Johnston, S.; Keith, M.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kataoka, J.; Nakamori, T.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Kerr, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] CNRS UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Kramer, M.; Lyne, A. G.; Weltevrede, P.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Okumura, A.; Takahashi, T.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ransom, S. M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM joshualande@gmail.com; grondin@cenbg.in2p3.fr; ahardingx@yahoo.com; lemoine@cenbg.in2p3.fr RI Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Rea, Nanda/I-2853-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; De Luca, Andrea/0000-0001-6739-687X; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714; Rea, Nanda/0000-0003-2177-6388; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Thorsett, Stephen/0000-0002-2025-9613; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278; Marelli, Martino/0000-0002-8017-0338 FU Commonwealth Government; Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom FX The Parkes radio telescope is part of the Australia Telescope which is funded by the Commonwealth Government for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. We thank our colleagues for their assistance with the radio timing observations. The Green Bank Telescope is operated by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The Nancay Radio Observatory is operated by the Paris Observatory, associated with the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). The Lovell Telescope is owned and operated by the University of Manchester as part of the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics with support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom. NR 98 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 726 IS 1 AR 35 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/35 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 695ZI UT WOS:000285411300035 ER PT J AU Hartman, JM Galloway, DK Chakrabarty, D AF Hartman, Jacob M. Galloway, Duncan K. Chakrabarty, Deepto TI A DOUBLE OUTBURST FROM IGR J00291+5934: IMPLICATIONS FOR ACCRETION DISK INSTABILITY THEORY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: general; stars: individual (IGR J00291+5934); stars: neutron; stars: rotation; X-rays: binaries; X-rays: stars ID POWERED MILLISECOND PULSAR; X-RAY BINARIES; MAGNETICALLY CONFINED MOUNTAIN; PROPORTIONAL COUNTER ARRAY; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; SAX J1808.4-3658; GRAVITATIONAL-RADIATION; NEUTRON-STAR; RXTE OBSERVATIONS; XTE J1118+480 AB The accretion-powered millisecond pulsar IGR J00291+5934 underwent two similar to 10 day long outbursts during 2008, separated by 30 days in quiescence. Such a short quiescent period between outbursts has never been seen before from a neutron star X-ray transient. X-ray pulsations at the 599 Hz spin frequency are detected throughout both outbursts. For the first time, we derive a pulse phase model that connects two outbursts, providing a long baseline for spin frequency measurement. Comparison with the frequency measured during the 2004 outburst of this source gives a spin-down during quiescence of -(4 +/- 1) x 10(-15) Hz s(-1), approximately an order of magnitude larger than the long-term spin-down observed in the 401 Hz accretion-powered pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658. If this spin-down is due to magnetic dipole radiation, it requires a 2 x 10(8) G field strength, and its high spin-down luminosity may be detectable with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. Alternatively, this large spin-down could be produced by gravitational wave emission from a fractional mass quadrupole moment of Q/I = 1 x 10(-9). The rapid succession of the outbursts also provides a unique test of models for accretion in low-mass X-ray binaries. Disk instability models generally predict that an outburst will leave the accretion disk too depleted to fuel a second outburst after such a brief quiescence. We suggest a modification in which the outburst is shut off by the onset of a propeller effect before the disk is depleted. This model can explain the short quiescence and the unusually slow rise of the light curve of the second 2008 outburst. C1 [Hartman, Jacob M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Galloway, Duncan K.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Galloway, Duncan K.] Monash Univ, Sch Math Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Chakrabarty, Deepto] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jhartman@space.mit.edu OI Galloway, Duncan/0000-0002-6558-5121 NR 77 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 726 IS 1 AR 26 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/26 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 695ZI UT WOS:000285411300026 ER PT J AU Linford, JD Taylor, GB Romani, RW Healey, SE Helmboldt, JF Readhead, ACS Reeves, R Richards, JL Cotter, G AF Linford, J. D. Taylor, G. B. Romani, R. W. Healey, S. E. Helmboldt, J. F. Readhead, A. C. S. Reeves, R. Richards, J. L. Cotter, G. TI CHARACTERISTICS OF GAMMA-RAY LOUD BLAZARS IN THE VLBA IMAGING AND POLARIMETRY SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; galaxies: nuclei; gamma rays: galaxies; radio continuum: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; RADIO GALAXY M87; RELATIVISTIC JETS; SPECTRUM SOURCES; DATA RELEASE; INNER JET; EMISSION; CATALOG AB The radio properties of blazars detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope have been observed as part of the VLBA Imaging and Polarimetry Survey. This large, flux-limited sample of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) provides insights into the mechanism that produces strong gamma-ray emission. At lower flux levels, radio flux density does not directly correlate with gamma-ray flux. We find that the LAT-detected BL Lac objects tend to be similar to the non-LAT BL Lac objects, but that the LAT-detected FSRQs are often significantly different from the non-LAT FSRQs. The differences between the gamma-ray loud and quiet FSRQs can be explained by Doppler boosting; these objects appear to require larger Doppler factors than those of the BL Lac objects. It is possible that the gamma-ray loud FSRQs are fundamentally different from the gamma-ray quiet FSRQs. Strong polarization at the base of the jet appears to be a signature for gamma-ray loud AGNs. C1 [Linford, J. D.; Taylor, G. B.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Romani, R. W.; Healey, S. E.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Helmboldt, J. F.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Readhead, A. C. S.; Reeves, R.; Richards, J. L.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cotter, G.] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Linford, JD (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, MSC07 4220, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Helmboldt, Joseph/C-8105-2012; Reeves, Rodrigo/H-2812-2014 OI Reeves, Rodrigo/0000-0001-5704-271X FU Associated Universities, Inc.; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [GSFC 21078/FERMI08-0051] FX We thank Matt Lister and Ann Wehrle for useful discussions. We also thank Teddy Cheung, Marcello Giroletti, Yuri Kovalev, Frank Schinzel, David Thompson, and Steve Tremblay for their helpful comments. Also, we express our appreciation to the anonymous referee for their insightful and helpful criticism. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank NASA for support under FERMI grant GSFC 21078/FERMI08-0051. NR 50 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 726 IS 1 AR 16 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/16 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 695ZI UT WOS:000285411300016 ER PT S AU Avramov-Zamurovic, S Korotkova, O Malek-Madani, R AF Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana Korotkova, Olga Malek-Madani, Reza BE Korotkova, O TI Probability density function of fluctuating intensity of a laser beam propagating in marine atmospheric turbulence SO ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves CY JAN 25, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE AB We report on the analysis of experimental data collected at the United States Naval Academy in the Summer and Fall of 2010. A low-power red He-Ne laser source was used to generate a Gaussian beam. The beam was directed horizontally above the ground and over the water for 400 m during daytime. The transverse cross-section of the beam was projected on a white screen and imaged using a ccd camera. The histogram of the fluctuating intensity at the center of the beam was obtained from the sequence of photographs. Comparison was made of the histogram and probability density functions of fluctuating intensity based on two existing analytic models, Gamma-Gamma and Gamma-Laguerre. Also the comparison of the beam statistics above the ground and over the water was performed. C1 [Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana; Malek-Madani, Reza] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Avramov-Zamurovic, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8461-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7924 AR 792409 DI 10.1117/12.876776 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYC56 UT WOS:000297975400005 ER PT S AU Duperre, JA Font, CO Gilbreath, GC Bonanno, D Tarpara, E Golden, A AF Duperre, Joseph A., III Font, Carlos O. Gilbreath, G. Charmaine Bonanno, David Tarpara, Eshani Golden, Alexander BE Korotkova, O TI Study of optical phase change measurement using the Hilbert Transform and interferometric techniques SO ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves CY JAN 25, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Atmospheric phase change measurements; Hilbert Transform; free space optical communications AB Advances in the fields of optics and optical communications have created a demand for effectively measuring relative phase changes along an optical path or within an optical system. We present a method for obtaining these measurements using an interferometric setup with processing involving Empirical Mode Decomposition and the Hilbert Transform. In this work, the Hilbert Transform algorithm is justified by accurately measuring the phase changes in software generated signals. Progress and improvements are shown regarding the ongoing design and implementation of an experimental benchtop setup. This testbed will prove the method in applications such as measuring and recording phase changes caused by propagating light through a turbulent freespace channel. C1 [Duperre, Joseph A., III; Font, Carlos O.; Gilbreath, G. Charmaine; Bonanno, David; Tarpara, Eshani; Golden, Alexander] USN, Res Lab, Freespace Photon Commun Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Duperre, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Freespace Photon Commun Off, Code 5505, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8461-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7924 AR 79240B DI 10.1117/12.877704 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYC56 UT WOS:000297975400007 ER PT J AU Shi, Y Zhang, J Reid, JS Holben, B Hyer, EJ Curtis, C AF Shi, Y. Zhang, J. Reid, J. S. Holben, B. Hyer, E. J. Curtis, C. TI An analysis of the collection 5 MODIS over-ocean aerosol optical depth product for its implication in aerosol assimilation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB As an update to our previous use of the collection 4 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) over-ocean aerosol optical depth (AOD) data, we examined ten years of Terra and eight years of Aqua collection 5 data for its potential usage in aerosol assimilation. Uncertainties in the over-ocean MODIS AOD were studied as functions of observing conditions, such as surface characteristics, aerosol optical properties, and cloud artifacts. Empirical corrections and quality assurance procedures were developed and compared to collection 4 data. After applying these procedures, the Root-Mean-Square-Error (RMSE) in the MODIS Terra and Aqua AOD are reduced by 30% and 10-20%, respectively, with respect to AERONET data. Ten years of Terra and eight years of Aqua quality-assured level 3 MODIS over-ocean aerosol products were produced. The newly developed MODIS over-ocean aerosol products will be used in operational aerosol assimilation and aerosol climatology studies, as well as other research based on MODIS products. C1 [Shi, Y.; Zhang, J.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND USA. [Reid, J. S.; Hyer, E. J.; Curtis, C.] USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Holben, B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND USA. EM jzhang@atmos.und.edu RI Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 FU Office of Naval Research [322]; NASA FX This research was funded by the Office of Naval Research Code 322, the Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Program, and the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program. Yingxi Shi is supported by the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NESSF) Program. We acknowledge and appreciate the AERONET program and their contributing principal investigators and their staff for establishing and maintaining the coastal sites used in this investigation. We thank Lorraine Remer for her constructive suggestions. We thank William Lahoz and an anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful comments. NR 13 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 BP 557 EP 565 DI 10.5194/acp-11-557-2011 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 713GE UT WOS:000286722300011 ER PT J AU Hansell, RA Reid, JS Tsay, SC Roush, TL Kalashnikova, OV AF Hansell, R. A., Jr. Reid, J. S. Tsay, S. C. Roush, T. L. Kalashnikova, O. V. TI A sensitivity study on the effects of particle chemistry, asphericity and size on the mass extinction efficiency of mineral dust in the earth's atmosphere: from the near to thermal IR SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID M OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; SAHARAN DUST; SAMUM 2006; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; CANARY-ISLANDS; AEROSOL; MODELS; DISTRIBUTIONS; WAVELENGTHS AB To determine a plausible range of mass extinction efficiencies (MEE) of terrestrial atmospheric dust from the near to thermal IR, sensitivity analyses are performed over an extended range of dust microphysical and chemistry perturbations. The IR values are subsequently compared to those in the near-IR, to evaluate spectral relationships in their optical properties. Synthesized size distributions consistent with measurements, model particle size, while composition is defined by the refractive indices of minerals routinely observed in dust, including the widely used OPAC/Hess parameterization. Single-scattering properties of representative dust particle shapes are calculated using the T-matrix, Discrete Dipole Approximation and Lorenz-Mie light-scattering codes. For the parameterizations examined, MEE ranges from nearly zero to 1.2 m(2) g(-1), with the higher values associated with non-spheres composed of quartz and gypsum. At near-IR wavelengths, MEE for non-spheres generally exceeds those for spheres, while in the thermal IR, shape-induced changes in MEE strongly depend on volume median diameter (VMD) and wavelength, particularly for MEE evaluated at the mineral resonant frequencies. MEE spectral distributions appear to follow particle geometry and are evidence for shape dependency in the optical properties. It is also shown that non-spheres best reproduce the positions of prominent absorption peaks found in silicates. Generally, angular particles exhibit wider and more symmetric MEE spectral distribution patterns from 8-10 mu m than those with smooth surfaces, likely due to their edge-effects. Lastly, MEE ratios allow for infer-ring dust optical properties across the visible-IR spectrum. We conclude the MEE of dust aerosol are significant for the parameter space investigated, and are a key component for remote sensing applications and the study of direct aerosol radiative effects. C1 [Hansell, R. A., Jr.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Reid, J. S.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Hansell, R. A., Jr.; Tsay, S. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Roush, T. L.] NASA Ames, Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Kalashnikova, O. V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Hansell, RA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM richard.a.hansell@nasa.gov RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Tsay, Si-Chee/J-1147-2014; Hansell, Richard/J-2065-2014 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; FU NASA; Office of Naval Research [32, 35] FX We are grateful to B. Draine and P. Flatau, and M. Mishchenko for making the DDA, and T-matrix and Lorenz-Mie light scattering codes available, respectively. We also acknowledge those who maintain the websites (http://webmineral.com and http://mindat.org) and for making the mineral data publicly available. We thank Ralph Kahn for his review and comments to this paper, and lastly, we thank the anonymous referees for their insightful comments and suggestions. Funding for this research was provided by the NASA Radiation Science Program and Office of Naval Research Code 32&35. NR 80 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 4 BP 1527 EP 1547 DI 10.5194/acp-11-1527-2011 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 727JW UT WOS:000287795700011 ER PT J AU Shinozuka, Y Redemann, J Livingston, JM Russell, PB Clarke, AD Howell, SG Freitag, S O'Neill, NT Reid, EA Johnson, R Ramachandran, S McNaughton, CS Kapustin, VN Brekhovskikh, V Holben, BN McArthur, LJB AF Shinozuka, Y. Redemann, J. Livingston, J. M. Russell, P. B. Clarke, A. D. Howell, S. G. Freitag, S. O'Neill, N. T. Reid, E. A. Johnson, R. Ramachandran, S. McNaughton, C. S. Kapustin, V. N. Brekhovskikh, V. Holben, B. N. McArthur, L. J. B. TI Airborne observation of aerosol optical depth during ARCTAS: vertical profiles, inter-comparison and fine-mode fraction SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MODIS; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; COLUMNAR WATER-VAPOR; SUN PHOTOMETER; ACE-ASIA; MASS-SPECTROMETER; DESERT DUST; SOLVE-II; IN-SITU; AERONET AB We describe aerosol optical depth (AOD) measured during the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) experiment, focusing on vertical profiles, inter-comparison with correlative observations and fine-mode fraction. Arctic haze observed in < 2 km and 2-4 km over Alaska in April 2008 originated mainly from anthropogenic emission and biomass burning, respectively, according to aerosol mass spectrometry and black carbon incandescence measurements. The Angstrom exponent for these air masses is 1.4 +/- 0.3 and 1.7 +/- 0.1, respectively, when derived at 499 nm from a second-order polynomial fit to the AOD spectra measured with the 14-channel Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-14) over 354-2139 nm. We examine 55 vertical profiles selected from all phases of the experiment. For two thirds of them, the AOD spectra are within 3% + 0.02 of the vertical integral of local visible-light scattering and absorption. The horizontal structure of smoke plumes from local biomass burning observed in central Canada in June and July 2008 explains most outliers. The differences in mid-visible Angstrom exponent are < 0.10 for 63% of the profiles with 499-nm AOD > 0.1. The retrieved fine-mode fraction of AOD is mostly between 0.7 and 1.0, and its root mean square difference (in both directions) from column-integral submicron fraction (measured with nephelometers, absorption photometers and an impactor) is 0.12. These AOD measurements from the NASA P-3 aircraft, after compensation for below-aircraft light attenuation by vertical extrapolation, mostly fall within +/- 0.02 of AERONET ground-based measurements between 340-1640 nm for five overpass events. C1 [Shinozuka, Y.; Ramachandran, S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, NASA Postdoctoral Program, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Shinozuka, Y.; Redemann, J.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA. [Livingston, J. M.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Clarke, A. D.; Howell, S. G.; Freitag, S.; McNaughton, C. S.; Kapustin, V. N.; Brekhovskikh, V.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [O'Neill, N. T.] Univ Sherbrooke, CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Reid, E. A.] Marine Meteorol Div, Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Ramachandran, S.] Phys Res Lab, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. [Holben, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [McArthur, L. J. B.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Shinozuka, Y (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, NASA Postdoctoral Program, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM yohei.shinozuka@nasa.gov FU NASA [AATS-14, NNX08AF88G]; Ames Research Center FX We are particularly grateful to the support crews of the NASA P-3. We would also like to thank Jim Podolske, Jeff Reid, Tom Eck, Ihab Abboud, Lorraine Remer and Rich Kleidman for their input, and the AERONET and AEROCAN teams for maintaining the field instruments and processing the AERONET data. Yohei Shinozuka was partially supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Ames Research Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. AATS-14 observations were funded by NASA grant NNX08AF88G. NR 72 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 8 BP 3673 EP 3688 DI 10.5194/acp-11-3673-2011 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 756MC UT WOS:000290014300007 ER PT J AU Akagi, SK Yokelson, RJ Wiedinmyer, C Alvarado, MJ Reid, JS Karl, T Crounse, JD Wennberg, PO AF Akagi, S. K. Yokelson, R. J. Wiedinmyer, C. Alvarado, M. J. Reid, J. S. Karl, T. Crounse, J. D. Wennberg, P. O. TI Emission factors for open and domestic biomass burning for use in atmospheric models SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; TRACE GAS EMISSIONS; COMPREHENSIVE LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; HIGH NORTHERN LATITUDES; TROPICAL DRY FOREST; FIRE EMISSIONS; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; CARBON EMISSIONS AB Biomass burning (BB) is the second largest source of trace gases and the largest source of primary fine carbonaceous particles in the global troposphere. Many recent BB studies have provided new emission factor (EF) measurements. This is especially true for non-methane organic compounds (NMOC), which influence secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and ozone formation. New EF should improve regional to global BB emissions estimates and therefore, the input for atmospheric models. In this work we present an up-to-date, comprehensive tabulation of EF for known pyrogenic species based on measurements made in smoke that has cooled to ambient temperature, but not yet undergone significant photochemical processing. All EFs are converted to one standard form (g compound emitted per kg dry biomass burned) using the carbon mass balance method and they are categorized into 14 fuel or vegetation types. Biomass burning terminology is defined to promote consistency. We compile a large number of measurements of biomass consumption per unit area for important fire types and summarize several recent estimates of global biomass consumption by the major types of biomass burning. Post emission processes are discussed to provide a context for the emission factor concept within overall atmospheric chemistry and also highlight the potential for rapid changes relative to the scale of some models or remote sensing products. Recent work shows that individual biomass fires emit significantly more gas-phase NMOC than previously thought and that including additional NMOC can improve photochemical model performance. A detailed global estimate suggests that BB emits at least 400 Tg yr(-1) of gas-phase NMOC, which is almost 3 times larger than most previous estimates. Selected recent results (e. g. measurements of HONO and the BB tracers HCN and CH3CN) are highlighted and key areas requiring future research are briefly discussed. C1 [Akagi, S. K.; Yokelson, R. J.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Wiedinmyer, C.; Karl, T.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Alvarado, M. J.] Atmospher & Environm Res AER Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Reid, J. S.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Crounse, J. D.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Yokelson, RJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM bob.yokelson@umontana.edu RI Crounse, John/E-4622-2011; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011 OI Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808 FU Paulette Middleton; GEIA; NSF [ATM-0513055, ATM-0936321] FX We thank Isobel Simpson, Don Blake, Andy Weinheimer, Armin Wisthaler, Guido van der Werf, Thijs van Leeuwen, Ian Burling, Tami Bond, Christoph Roden, and Ted Christian for advance data. We thank Jennifer Logan, Ed Hyer, Jim Reardon, John Graham, Mark Carroll, Angelika Heil, and Ben Foster, for helpful discussions. SKA thanks Paulette Middleton and GEIA for financial support. Akagi and Yokelson were supported by NSF grants ATM-0513055 and ATM-0936321. NR 218 TC 354 Z9 356 U1 38 U2 219 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 9 BP 4039 EP 4072 DI 10.5194/acp-11-4039-2011 PG 34 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 764GT UT WOS:000290618600003 ER PT J AU Riemer, M Montgomery, MT AF Riemer, M. Montgomery, M. T. TI Simple kinematic models for the environmental interaction of tropical cyclones in vertical wind shear SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VORTEX ROSSBY-WAVES; SIMULATED HURRICANE; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; SPIRAL BANDS; FLUID-FLOWS; PART I; INTENSITY; LAYER; DYNAMICS; RESILIENCY AB A major impediment to the intensity forecast of tropical cyclones (TCs) is believed to be associated with the interaction of TCs with dry environmental air. However, the conditions under which pronounced TC-environment interaction takes place are not well understood. As a step towards improving our understanding of this problem, we analyze here the flow topology of a TC immersed in an environment of vertical wind shear in an idealized, three-dimensional, convection-permitting numerical experiment. A set of distinct streamlines, the so-called manifolds, can be identified under the assumptions of steady and layer-wise horizontal flow. The manifolds are shown to divide the flow around the TC into distinct regions. The manifold structure in our numerical experiment is more complex than the well-known manifold structure of a non-divergent point vortex in uniform background flow. In particular, one manifold spirals inwards and ends in a limit cycle, a meso-scale dividing streamline encompassing the eyewall above the layer of strong inflow associated with surface friction and below the outflow layer in the upper troposphere. From the perspective of a steady and layer-wise horizontal flow model, the eyewall is well protected from the intrusion of environmental air. In order for the environmental air to intrude into the inner-core convection, time-dependent and/or vertical motions, which are prevalent in the TC inner-core, are necessary. Air with the highest values of moist-entropy resides within the limit cycle. This "moist envelope" is distorted considerably by the imposed vertical wind shear, and the shape of the moist envelope is closely related to the shape of the limit cycle. In a first approximation, the distribution of high- and low-theta(e) air around the TC at low to mid-levels is governed by the stirring of convectively modified air by the steady, horizontal flow. Motivated by the results from the idealized numerical experiment, an analogue model based on a weakly divergent point vortex in background flow is formulated. The simple kinematic model captures the essence of many salient features of the manifold structure in the numerical experiment. A regime diagram representing realistic values of TC intensity and vertical wind shear can be constructed for the point-vortex model. The results indicate distinct scenarios of environmental interaction depending on the ratio of storm intensity and vertical-shear magnitude. Further implications of the new results derived from the manifold analysis for TCs in the real atmosphere are discussed. C1 [Riemer, M.; Montgomery, M. T.] USN, Dept Meteorol, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Montgomery, M. T.] NOAAs Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Riemer, M (reprint author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, Mainz, Germany. EM mriemer@uni-mainz.de RI Riemer, Michael/C-5491-2009 FU National Research Council at the Naval Postgraduate School; NASA [NNG09HG031]; NFS [ATM-0649946, ATM-0715426]; ONR [N000014-03-1-0185] FX This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Postgraduate School. We acknowledge helpful discussions with Kerry Emanuel and Scott Braun. We thank also Michael Bell and Blake Rutherford for their insightful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. The reviews of two anonymous referees and of Brian Tang helped to improve the presentation of our results. This work is supported by NASA grant NNG09HG031, NFS grant ATM-0649946, NSF Cooperative Agreement ATM-0715426, and ONR grant N000014-03-1-0185. NR 46 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 17 BP 9395 EP 9414 DI 10.5194/acp-11-9395-2011 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 819EW UT WOS:000294809200031 ER PT J AU Zheng, X Albrecht, B Jonsson, HH Khelif, D Feingold, G Minnis, P Ayers, K Chuang, P Donaher, S Rossiter, D Ghate, V Ruiz-Plancarte, J Sun-Mack, S AF Zheng, X. Albrecht, B. Jonsson, H. H. Khelif, D. Feingold, G. Minnis, P. Ayers, K. Chuang, P. Donaher, S. Rossiter, D. Ghate, V. Ruiz-Plancarte, J. Sun-Mack, S. TI Observations of the boundary layer, cloud, and aerosol variability in the southeast Pacific near-coastal marine stratocumulus during VOCALS-REx SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIURNAL CYCLE; LOWER TROPOSPHERE; EAST PACIFIC; PRECIPITATION; ENTRAINMENT; CIRCULATION; DYNAMICS; OCEAN; JET AB Aircraft observations made off the coast of northern Chile in the Southeastern Pacific (20 degrees S, 72 degrees W; named Point Alpha) from 16 October to 13 November 2008 during the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study-Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx), combined with meteorological reanalysis, satellite measurements, and radiosonde data, are used to investigate the boundary layer (BL) and aerosol-cloud-drizzle variations in this region. On days without predominately synoptic and meso-scale influences, the BL at Point Alpha was typical of a non-drizzling stratocumulus-topped BL. Entrainment rates calculated from the near cloud-top fluxes and turbulence in the BL at Point Alpha appeared to be weaker than those in the BL over the open ocean west of Point Alpha and the BL near the coast of the northeast Pacific. The cloud liquid water path (LWP) varied between 15 gm(-2) and 160 gm(-2). The BL had a depth of 1140 +/- 120 m, was generally well-mixed and capped by a sharp inversion without predominately synoptic and mesoscale influences. The wind direction generally switched from southerly within the BL to northerly above the inversion. On days when a synoptic system and related mesoscale costal circulations affected conditions at Point Alpha (29 October-4 November), a moist layer above the inversion moved over Point Alpha, and the total-water mixing ratio above the inversion was larger than that within the BL. The accumulation mode aerosol varied from 250 to 700 cm(-3) within the BL, and CCN at 0.2% supersaturation within the BL ranged between 150 and 550 cm(-3). The main aerosol source at Point Alpha was horizontal advection within the BL from south. The average cloud droplet number concentration ranged between 80 and 400 cm(-3). While the mean LWP retrieved from GOES was in good agreement with the in situ measurements, the GOES-derived cloud droplet effective radius tended to be larger than that from the aircraft in situ observations near cloud top. The aerosol and cloud LWP relationship reveals that during the typical well-mixed BL days the cloud LWP increased with the CCN concentrations. On the other hand, meteorological factors and the decoupling processes have large influences on the cloud LWP variation as well. C1 [Zheng, X.; Albrecht, B.; Donaher, S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Jonsson, H. H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Khelif, D.; Ruiz-Plancarte, J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Feingold, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Minnis, P.; Ayers, K.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Chuang, P.; Rossiter, D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ghate, V.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Sun-Mack, S.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Zheng, X (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM xzheng@rsmas.miami.edu RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Zheng, Xue/F-9988-2016; Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Zheng, Xue/0000-0002-9372-1776; Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148; FU ONR [N000140810465, N000140810438]; NOAA/CPPA [NA08OAR4320889]; NASA; Department of Energy [DE-AI02-07ER64546]; NOAA FX The observations used in this study were made possible through the dedicated efforts of several individuals. Pilots Mike Hubble and Chris McGuire were instrumental in the development and execution of the flight plans and endured the long ferry of the Twin Otter aircraft to Iquique Chile and back. This work was supported by ONR grant N000140810465 and the NOAA/CPPA Program under grant NA08OAR4320889. Djamal Khelif was supported by ONR grant N000140810438. P. Minnis, K. Ayers, and S. Sun-Mack were supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program, the NASA Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System Project, and the Department of Energy ARM Program through DE-AI02-07ER64546. Graham Feingold was supported by NOAA's Climate Goal. NR 41 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 18 BP 9943 EP 9959 DI 10.5194/acp-11-9943-2011 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826QL UT WOS:000295368700034 ER PT J AU Fried, A Cantrell, C Olson, J Crawford, JH Weibring, P Walega, J Richter, D Junkermann, W Volkamer, R Sinreich, R Heikes, BG O'Sullivan, D Blake, DR Blake, N Meinardi, S Apel, E Weinheimer, A Knapp, D Perring, A Cohen, RC Fuelberg, H Shetter, RE Hall, SR Ullmann, K Brune, WH Mao, J Ren, X Huey, LG Singh, HB Hair, JW Riemer, D Diskin, G Sachse, G AF Fried, A. Cantrell, C. Olson, J. Crawford, J. H. Weibring, P. Walega, J. Richter, D. Junkermann, W. Volkamer, R. Sinreich, R. Heikes, B. G. O'Sullivan, D. Blake, D. R. Blake, N. Meinardi, S. Apel, E. Weinheimer, A. Knapp, D. Perring, A. Cohen, R. C. Fuelberg, H. Shetter, R. E. Hall, S. R. Ullmann, K. Brune, W. H. Mao, J. Ren, X. Huey, L. G. Singh, H. B. Hair, J. W. Riemer, D. Diskin, G. Sachse, G. TI Detailed comparisons of airborne formaldehyde measurements with box models during the 2006 INTEX-B and MILAGRO campaigns: potential evidence for significant impacts of unmeasured and multi-generation volatile organic carbon compounds SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TUNABLE DIODE-LASER; MASTER CHEMICAL MECHANISM; CITY METROPOLITAN-AREA; MCM V3 PART; MEXICO-CITY; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; AMBIENT FORMALDEHYDE; FIELD CAMPAIGN; ATMOSPHERIC OXIDATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC AB Detailed comparisons of airborne CH2O measurements acquired by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy with steady state box model calculations were carried out using data from the 2006 INTEX-B and MILARGO campaign in order to improve our understanding of hydrocarbon oxidation processing. This study includes comparisons over Mexico (including Mexico City), the Gulf of Mexico, parts of the continental United States near the Gulf coast, as well as the more remote Pacific Ocean, and focuses on comparisons in the boundary layer. Select previous comparisons in other campaigns have highlighted some locations in the boundary layer where steady state box models have tended to underpredict CH2O, suggesting that standard steady state modeling assumptions might be unsuitable under these conditions, and pointing to a possible role for unmeasured hydrocarbons and/or additional primary emission sources of CH2O. Employing an improved instrument, more detailed measurement-model comparisons with better temporal overlap, up-to-date measurement and model precision estimates, up-to-date rate constants, and additional modeling tools based on both Lagrangian and Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) runs, we have explained much of the disagreement between observed and predicted CH2O as resulting from non-steady-state atmospheric conditions in the vicinity of large pollution sources, and have quantified the disagreement as a function of plume lifetime (processing time). We show that in the near field (within similar to 4 to 6 h of the source), steady-state models can either over-or-underestimate observations, depending on the predominant non-steady-state influence. In addition, we show that even far field processes (10-40 h) can be influenced by non-steady-state conditions which can be responsible for CH2O model underestimations by similar to 20 %. At the longer processing times in the 10 to 40 h range during Mexico City outflow events, MCM model calculations, using assumptions about initial amounts of high-order NMHCs, further indicate the potential importance of CH2O produced from unmeasured and multigeneration hydrocarbon oxidation compounds, particularly methylglyoxal, 3-hydroxypropanal, and butan-3-one-al. C1 [Fried, A.; Weibring, P.; Walega, J.; Richter, D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Cantrell, C.; Apel, E.; Weinheimer, A.; Knapp, D.; Shetter, R. E.; Hall, S. R.; Ullmann, K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO USA. [Junkermann, W.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK IFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Volkamer, R.; Sinreich, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Heikes, B. G.] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. [O'Sullivan, D.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Blake, D. R.; Blake, N.; Meinardi, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Perring, A.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA. [Fuelberg, H.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Brune, W. H.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mao, J.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ren, X.; Riemer, D.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Huey, L. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Singh, H. B.] NASA, Ames Res, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Hair, J. W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Lidar Applicat Grp, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Fried, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO USA. EM fried@ucar.edu RI Crawford, James/L-6632-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015; Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Junkermann, Wolfgang/A-7416-2013; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011 OI Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934; Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666; Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703; Junkermann, Wolfgang/0000-0002-7461-3024; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691 FU National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NSF FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. This research was supported by funds from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Global Tropospheric Program and by funds from NSF in support of the MIRAGE Study. The authors acknowledge the NASA/University of North Dakota DC-8 staff and crew for their support and assistance and Jack Fox and Ken Harris, both formerly with NCAR. We also acknowledge Bruce Morley and Gordon Farquharson for the SABL (Scanning Aerosol Backscatter Lidar) aerosol measurements on the C-130 and Dustin Phillips and Kevin Knupp at the University of Alabama in Huntsville for their profiler data. We also acknowledge Thomas Wagner, Ulrich Platt and Luisa Molina for loan of equipment and support in generating the DOAS dataset. NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 38 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 22 BP 11867 EP 11894 DI 10.5194/acp-11-11867-2011 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 863AC UT WOS:000298134200036 ER PT J AU Hyer, EJ Reid, JS Zhang, J AF Hyer, E. J. Reid, J. S. Zhang, J. TI An over-land aerosol optical depth data set for data assimilation by filtering, correction, and aggregation of MODIS Collection 5 optical depth retrievals SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS BURNING PARTICLES; PRODUCTS; VALIDATION; ALGORITHM; ALBEDO; AERONET; TERRA; BRDF; AQUA AB MODIS Collection 5 retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) over land (MOD04/MYD04) was evaluated using 4 years of matching AERONET observations, to assess its suitability for aerosol data assimilation in numerical weather prediction models. Examination of errors revealed important sources of variation in random errors (e.g., atmospheric path length, scattering angle "hot spot"), and systematic biases (e.g., snow and cloud contamination, surface albedo bias). A set of quality assurance (QA) filters was developed to avoid conditions with potential for significant AOD error. An empirical correction for surface boundary condition using the MODIS 16-day albedo product captured 25% of the variability in the site mean bias at low AOD. A correction for regional microphysical bias using the AERONET fine/coarse partitioning information increased the global correlation between MODIS and AERONET from r(2) = 0.62-0.65 to r(2) = 0.71-0.73. Application of these filters and corrections improved the global fraction of MODIS AOD within (0.05 +/- 20%) of AERONET to 77%, up from 67% using only built-in MODIS QA. The compliant fraction in individual regions was improved by as much as 20% (South America). An aggregated Level 3 product for use in a data assimilation system is described, along with a prognostic error model to estimate uncertainties on a per-observation basis. The new filtered and corrected Level 3 product has improved performance over built-in MODIS QA with less than a 15% reduction in overall data available for data assimilation. C1 [Hyer, E. J.; Reid, J. S.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Zhang, J.] Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Hyer, EJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM edward.hyer@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 FU Office of Naval Research [322] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research, Code 322. We are grateful to the all of the investigators who participate in the AErosol RObotic NETwork for the use of network wide data. E. J. Hyer would like to thank all the members of the MODIS Aerosol team for helpful comments during this research, as well as access to pre-publication results. E. J. Hyer would also like to thank James Campbell and Elizabeth Reid for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 44 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 3 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 379 EP 408 DI 10.5194/amt-4-379-2011 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 742AR UT WOS:000288911000001 ER PT J AU Smirnov, A Holben, BN Giles, DM Slutsker, I O'Neill, NT Eck, TF Macke, A Croot, P Courcoux, Y Sakerin, SM Smyth, TJ Zielinski, T Zibordi, G Goes, JI Harvey, MJ Quinn, PK Nelson, NB Radionov, VF Duarte, CM Losno, R Sciare, J Voss, KJ Kinne, S Nalli, NR Joseph, E Moorthy, KK Covert, DS Gulev, SK Milinevsky, G Larouche, P Belanger, S Horne, E Chin, M Remer, LA Kahn, RA Reid, JS Schulz, M Heald, CL Zhang, J Lapina, K Kleidman, RG Griesfeller, J Gaitley, BJ Tan, Q Diehl, TL AF Smirnov, A. Holben, B. N. Giles, D. M. Slutsker, I. O'Neill, N. T. Eck, T. F. Macke, A. Croot, P. Courcoux, Y. Sakerin, S. M. Smyth, T. J. Zielinski, T. Zibordi, G. Goes, J. I. Harvey, M. J. Quinn, P. K. Nelson, N. B. Radionov, V. F. Duarte, C. M. Losno, R. Sciare, J. Voss, K. J. Kinne, S. Nalli, N. R. Joseph, E. Moorthy, K. Krishna Covert, D. S. Gulev, S. K. Milinevsky, G. Larouche, P. Belanger, S. Horne, E. Chin, M. Remer, L. A. Kahn, R. A. Reid, J. S. Schulz, M. Heald, C. L. Zhang, J. Lapina, K. Kleidman, R. G. Griesfeller, J. Gaitley, B. J. Tan, Q. Diehl, T. L. TI Maritime aerosol network as a component of AERONET - first results and comparison with global aerosol models and satellite retrievals SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SUN PHOTOMETER MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL DEPTH; SEA-SALT; GOCART MODEL; AEROCOM; MODIS; PREINDUSTRIAL; ASSIMILATION; THICKNESS; OCEAN AB The Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) has been collecting data over the oceans since November 2006. Over 80 cruises were completed through early 2010 with deployments continuing. Measurement areas included various parts of the Atlantic Ocean, the Northern and Southern Pacific Ocean, the South Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, the Arctic Ocean and inland seas. MAN deploys Microtops hand-held sunphotometers and utilizes a calibration procedure and data processing traceable to AERONET. Data collection included areas that previously had no aerosol optical depth (AOD) coverage at all, particularly vast areas of the Southern Ocean. The MAN data archive provides a valuable resource for aerosol studies in maritime environments. In the current paper we present results of AOD measurements over the oceans, and make a comparison with satellite AOD retrievals and model simulations. C1 [Smirnov, A.; Giles, D. M.; Slutsker, I.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Smirnov, A.; Holben, B. N.; Giles, D. M.; Slutsker, I.; Eck, T. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [O'Neill, N. T.] Univ Sherbrooke, CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Eck, T. F.; Tan, Q.; Diehl, T. L.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Macke, A.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. [Croot, P.] Univ Kiel IFM GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, Kiel, Germany. [Courcoux, Y.] Univ Reunion, OPAR, St Denis, Reunion. [Sakerin, S. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Opt, Siberian Branch, Tomsk, Russia. [Smyth, T. J.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth, Devon, England. [Zielinski, T.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Sopot, Poland. [Zibordi, G.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Goes, J. I.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, W Boothbay Harbor, ME USA. [Harvey, M. J.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Nelson, N. B.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Radionov, V. F.] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199226, Russia. [Duarte, C. M.] IMEDEA CSIC UIB, Inst Mediterraneo Estudios Avanzados, Esporles, Mallorca, Spain. [Losno, R.] Univ Paris 07, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, Creteil, France. [Losno, R.] Univ Paris 12, Creteil, France. [Sciare, J.; Schulz, M.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Voss, K. J.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Kinne, S.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Meteorol, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. [Nalli, N. R.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Joseph, E.] Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Moorthy, K. Krishna] Vikram Sarabhai Space Ctr, Space Phys Lab, Trivandrum 695022, Kerala, India. [Covert, D. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gulev, S. K.] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Milinevsky, G.] Taras Shevchenko Natl Univ Kyiv, Space Phys Lab, Kiev, Ukraine. [Larouche, P.] Inst Maurice Lamontagne, Mont Joli, PQ, Canada. [Belanger, S.] Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Chim & Geog, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. [Horne, E.] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Bedford, NS, Canada. [Chin, M.; Tan, Q.; Diehl, T. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Remer, L. A.; Kleidman, R. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Reid, J. S.] USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Heald, C. L.; Lapina, K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zhang, J.] Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Kleidman, R. G.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Gaitley, B. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Smirnov, A (reprint author), Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM alexander.smirnov-1@nasa.gov RI Gulev, Sergey/A-4994-2014; Harvey, Mike/A-5354-2010; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Smirnov, Alexander/C-2121-2009; Heald, Colette/A-6813-2011; Nalli, Nicholas/F-6731-2010; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012; Croot, Peter/C-8460-2009; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Smyth, Tim/D-2008-2012; ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Voss, Kenneth /A-5328-2013; Duarte, Carlos M/A-7670-2013; Nelson, Norman/B-7343-2014 OI Harvey, Mike/0000-0002-0979-0227; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Moorthy, K. Krishna/0000-0002-7234-3868; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Nalli, Nicholas/0000-0002-6914-5537; Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359; Croot, Peter/0000-0003-1396-0601; Voss, Kenneth /0000-0002-7860-5080; Duarte, Carlos M/0000-0002-1213-1361; Nelson, Norman/0000-0003-1767-7598 FU Institut Polaire Francais (IPEV) FX The authors thank Hal Maring (NASA Headquarters) for his support of AERONET. The authors would like to acknowledge managerial and operational support from M. Sorokin, A. Scully, A. Tran, P. Kenny, D. Hamilton, L. Bariteau, R. Dunn, M. Conley, P. Schoessow, H. Gomes, L. Logan, M. Reynolds, A. Flores, D. A. Siegel, A. Proshutinsky, L. Rainville, A. Jayakumar, S. Schick, D. Menzies, E. Emry, C. Swan, K. G. Fairbarn (USA); M. Panchenko, O. Kopelevich, A. Sinitsyn, D. Kabanov, A. Tikhomirov, A. Kalsin, S. Terpugova, V. Polkin (Sr), V. Polkin (Jr), N. Vlasov, Y. Turchinovich, A. Gubin, Y. Zyulyaeva (Russia); P. Goloub, L. Blarel, S. Triquet, P. Hernandez, V. Duflot, T. Lecointre, S. Barataud, P. Ricaud, P. Sangiardi, A. Kartavtseff, J.-F. Ternon, F. Jourdin, C. Petus, J. Nicolas, S. Devidal, L. Martinon, M. Faillot, F. Gabarrot, N. Villeneuve, I. Jubert, M. Barblu, G. Duval (France); C. Powell, C. Gallienne (UK); C. Schlosser, Y. Zoll, M. Schlundt, M. Heller, T. Hanschmann, K. Lengfeld, A. Tessendorf, N. Renkosik, T. Heus, K. Lonitz, B. Quack, T. Dinter, A. Wassmann, M. Schlundt, B. Pospichal, F. Wittrock (Germany); A. Bromley, R. Martin, G. Brailsford (New Zealand); J. Kowalczyk, A. Ponczkowska, J. Pasnicki, K. Zielinski, P. Makuch, B. Lednicka (Poland); K. Niranjan, S. Babu, S. K. Satheesh, V. S. Nair, S. N. Beegum (India), S. Piketh, D. Williams, B. Kuyper, E. Robertson (South Africa), L. Jankowski, R. Matarrese (Italy), R. M. Castillo (Spain). One of the co-authors (Jean Sciare) would like to thank Institut Polaire Francais (IPEV) for the support provided within the AEROTRACE project. NR 41 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 583 EP 597 DI 10.5194/amt-4-583-2011 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 742AR UT WOS:000288911000015 ER PT J AU Leblanc, T Walsh, TD McDermid, IS Toon, GC Blavier, JF Haines, B Read, WG Herman, B Fetzer, E Sander, S Pongetti, T Whiteman, DN McGee, TG Twigg, L Sumnicht, G Venable, D Calhoun, M Dirisu, A Hurst, D Jordan, A Hall, E Miloshevich, L Vomel, H Straub, C Kampfer, N Nedoluha, GE Gomez, RM Holub, K Gutman, S Braun, J Vanhove, T Stiller, G Hauchecorne, A AF Leblanc, T. Walsh, T. D. McDermid, I. S. Toon, G. C. Blavier, J. -F. Haines, B. Read, W. G. Herman, B. Fetzer, E. Sander, S. Pongetti, T. Whiteman, D. N. McGee, T. G. Twigg, L. Sumnicht, G. Venable, D. Calhoun, M. Dirisu, A. Hurst, D. Jordan, A. Hall, E. Miloshevich, L. Voemel, H. Straub, C. Kampfer, N. Nedoluha, G. E. Gomez, R. M. Holub, K. Gutman, S. Braun, J. Vanhove, T. Stiller, G. Hauchecorne, A. TI Measurements of Humidity in the Atmosphere and Validation Experiments (MOHAVE)-2009: overview of campaign operations and results SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; INTENSIVE OBSERVATION PERIODS; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; PERFORMANCE RAMAN LIDAR; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; GPS METEOROLOGY; OZONE LIDAR; RADIOSONDE; NETWORK; INCREASE AB The Measurements of Humidity in the Atmosphere and Validation Experiment (MOHAVE) 2009 campaign took place on 11-27 October 2009 at the JPL Table Mountain Facility in California (TMF). The main objectives of the campaign were to (1) validate the water vapor measurements of several instruments, including, three Raman lidars, two microwave radiometers, two Fourier-Transform spectrometers, and two GPS receivers (column water), (2) cover water vapor measurements from the ground to the mesopause without gaps, and (3) study upper tropospheric humidity variability at timescales varying from a few minutes to several days. A total of 58 radiosondes and 20 Frost-Point hygrometer sondes were launched. Two types of radiosondes were used during the campaign. Non negligible differences in the readings between the two radiosonde types used (Vaisala RS92 and InterMet iMet-1) made a small, but measurable impact on the derivation of water vapor mixing ratio by the Frost-Point hygrometers. As observed in previous campaigns, the RS92 humidity measurements remained within 5% of the Frost-point in the lower and mid-troposphere, but were too dry in the upper troposphere. Over 270 h of water vapor measurements from three Raman lidars (JPL and GSFC) were compared to RS92, CFH, and NOAA-FPH. The JPL lidar profiles reached 20 km when integrated all night, and 15 km when integrated for 1 h. Excellent agreement between this lidar and the frost-point hygrometers was found throughout the measurement range, with only a 3% (0.3 ppmv) mean wet bias for the lidar in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). The other two lidars provided satisfactory results in the lower and mid-troposphere (2-5% wet bias over the range 3-10 km), but suffered from contamination by fluorescence (wet bias ranging from 5 to 50% between 10 km and 15 km), preventing their use as an independent measurement in the UTLS. The comparison between all available stratospheric sounders allowed to identify only the largest biases, in particular a 10% dry bias of the Water Vapor Millimeter-wave Spectrometer compared to the Aura-Microwave Limb Sounder. No other large, or at least statistically significant, biases could be observed. Total Precipitable Water (TPW) measurements from six different co-located instruments were available. Several retrieval groups provided their own TPW retrievals, resulting in the comparison of 10 different datasets. Agreement within 7% (0.7 mm) was found between all datasets. Such good agreement illustrates the maturity of these measurements and raises confidence levels for their use as an alternate or complementary source of calibration for the Raman lidars. Tropospheric and stratospheric ozone and temperature measurements were also available during the campaign. The water vapor and ozone lidar measurements, together with the advected potential vorticity results from the high-resolution transport model MIMOSA, allowed the identification and study of a deep stratospheric intrusion over TMF. These observations demonstrated the lidar strong potential for future long-term monitoring of water vapor in the UTLS. C1 [Leblanc, T.; Walsh, T. D.; McDermid, I. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. [Toon, G. C.; Blavier, J. -F.; Haines, B.; Read, W. G.; Herman, B.; Fetzer, E.; Sander, S.; Pongetti, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Whiteman, D. N.; McGee, T. G.; Twigg, L.; Sumnicht, G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Venable, D.; Calhoun, M.] Howard Univ, Beltsville, MD USA. [Dirisu, A.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hurst, D.; Jordan, A.; Hall, E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hurst, D.; Jordan, A.; Hall, E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Miloshevich, L.] Milo Sci LLC, Lafayette, CO 80026 USA. [Voemel, H.] Richard Assmann Observ, Lindenberg, Germany. [Straub, C.; Kampfer, N.] Univ Bern, Inst Appl Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Nedoluha, G. E.; Gomez, R. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Braun, J.; Vanhove, T.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, UCAR, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Stiller, G.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Hauchecorne, A.] CNRS IPSL LATMOS, Paris, France. RP Leblanc, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. EM leblanc@tmf.jpl.nasa.gov RI Stiller, Gabriele/A-7340-2013; Hauchecorne, Alain/A-8489-2013; McGee, Thomas/G-4951-2013; Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016; OI Stiller, Gabriele/0000-0003-2883-6873; Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322; Hauchecorne, Alain/0000-0001-9888-6994 FU NASA; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [50EE0901]; National Science Foundation [AGS-0918398] FX The work described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under agreements with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The data used here were made publicly available on JPL's MOHAVE-2009 website: http://tmf-lidar.jpl.nasa.gov/campaigns/mohave2009.htm. This campaign was partially funded by the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program. Part of the operations was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. The work by KIT was partly funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research under contract no. 50EE0901. The authors acknowledge ESA for providing MIPAS L1b data. SuomiNet work is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant AGS-0918398. NR 55 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 12 BP 2579 EP 2605 DI 10.5194/amt-4-2579-2011 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 867ZD UT WOS:000298492400001 ER PT J AU Shi, Y Zhang, J Reid, JS Hyer, EJ Eck, TF Holben, BN Kahn, RA AF Shi, Y. Zhang, J. Reid, J. S. Hyer, E. J. Eck, T. F. Holben, B. N. Kahn, R. A. TI A critical examination of spatial biases between MODIS and MISR aerosol products - application for potential AERONET deployment SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID MULTIANGLE IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; UNIFIED SATELLITE CLIMATOLOGY; OPTICAL DEPTH RETRIEVALS; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; OCEAN; NETWORK; SITES; LAND; ASSIMILATION; VALIDATION AB AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) data are the primary benchmark for evaluating satellite-retrieved aerosol properties. However, despite its extensive coverage, the representativeness of the AERONET data is rarely discussed. Indeed, many studies have shown that satellite retrieval biases have a significant degree of spatial correlation that may be problematic for higher-level processes or inverse-emissions-modeling studies. To consider these issues and evaluate relative performance in regions of few surface observations, cross-comparisons between the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) products of operational MODIS Collection 5.1 Dark Target (DT) and operational MODIS Collection 5.1 Deep Blue (DB) with MISR version 22 were conducted. Through such comparisons, we can observe coherent spatial features of the AOD bias while sidestepping the full analysis required for determining when or where either retrieval is more correct. We identify regions where MODIS to MISR AOD ratios were found to be above 1.4 and below 0.7. Regions where lower boundary condition uncertainty is likely to be a dominant factor include portions of Western North America, the Andes mountains, Saharan Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Central Asia. Similarly, microphysical biases may be an issue in South America, and specific parts of Southern Africa, India Asia, East Asia, and Indonesia. These results help identify high-priority locations for possible future deployments of both in situ and ground based remote sensing measurements. The Supplement includes a kml file. C1 [Shi, Y.; Zhang, J.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Reid, J. S.; Hyer, E. J.] USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Eck, T. F.; Holben, B. N.; Kahn, R. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. EM jzhang@atmos.und.edu RI ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359; Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026 FU Office of Naval Research [322]; NASA FX This research was funded by the Office of Naval Research Code 322, the Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Program, and the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program. We acknowledge and appreciate the AERONET program and their contributing principal investigators, as well as their staff for establishing and maintaining the sites used in this investigation. We would like to thank Christina Hsu for her thoughtful comments and suggestions. We also thank Michael Garay, Mike Mishchenko and other five anonymous reviewers for their suggestions. NR 43 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 12 BP 2823 EP 2836 DI 10.5194/amt-4-2823-2011 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 867ZD UT WOS:000298492400015 ER PT S AU Johnson, KR Dewees, R AF Johnson, Kevin R. Dewees, Randle BE VanEijk, AMJ Hammel, SM TI Design of a Differential Image Motion Monitor for Measurement of Optical Turbulence in Support of Dynamic Range Tests SO ATMOSPHERIC OPTICS IV: TURBULENCE AND PROPAGATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Optics IV - Turbulence and Propagation CY AUG 23-24, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE DIMM; Optical Turbulence; Dynamic Range; Maritime Test Support; Range Metrology AB We report on the development, construction, and use of a Differential Image Motion Monitor (DIMM) for measuring optical atmospheric turbulence over static and dynamic maritime ranges. The optical properties of the DIMM that make it suitable for such measurements will be presented along with a detailed overview of its software systems. Particular emphasis will be given to the numerical methods, image feature recognition, and learning filters implemented in the DIMM software. C1 [Johnson, Kevin R.; Dewees, Randle] USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Johnson, KR (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weap Div, Code 4L4100D,1900 N Knox Rd, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM kevin.r.johnson6@navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-771-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8161 AR 81610E DI 10.1117/12.896473 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BXZ17 UT WOS:000297670400013 ER PT S AU Toselli, I Agrawal, BN Wilcox, CC Restaino, S AF Toselli, Italo Agrawal, Brij N. Wilcox, Christopher C. Restaino, Sergio BE VanEijk, AMJ Hammel, SM TI Experimental generation of non-Kolmogorov Turbulence using a Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator SO ATMOSPHERIC OPTICS IV: TURBULENCE AND PROPAGATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Optics IV - Turbulence and Propagation CY AUG 23-24, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Atmospheric turbulence generation; non-Kolmogorov power spectrum; optical turbulence in maritime environment; laser beam propagation; spatial light modulator ID PROPAGATION AB Several experiments showed that the classical Kolmogorov power spectral density of the refractive-index sometimes does not properly describe the statistics of the atmosphere. In this paper we show an experimental testbed able to generate non-classical Kolmogorov turbulence by using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator. The testbed is used at Naval Postgraduate School for laboratory investigation of laser beam propagation in maritime environment where a power law different from classical Kolmogorov, 11/3, could be present. Applications of this testbed are ship to-ship free space optical communication, imaging and high energy laser weapons C1 [Toselli, Italo; Agrawal, Brij N.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Toselli, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI Wilcox, Christopher/0000-0001-5413-1901 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-771-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8161 AR 81610H DI 10.1117/12.903681 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BXZ17 UT WOS:000297670400015 ER PT S AU Burris, HR Thomas, LM Moore, CI Smith, WR Rabinovich, DS Rabinovich, WS Ferraro, MS Vilcheck, MJ Summers, LL Clark, WR Waters, WD AF Burris, H. R. Thomas, L. M. Moore, C. I. Smith, W. R. Rabinovich, D. S. Rabinovich, W. S. Ferraro, M. S. Vilcheck, M. J. Summers, L. L. Clark, W. R. Waters, W. D. BE Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI Characterization of impact ionization engineered InGaAs avalanche photodiodes SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Atmospheric Propagation VIII CY APR 26-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE free space lasercomm; photon counting; impact ionization engineering ID GAINS AB The U. S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is characterizing InGaAs avalanche photodiodes (APDs) with internal structures engineered to reduce dark counts and ionization coefficient ratio (k(eff)). Recently, much progress has been made in the use of APDs in linear mode for photon counting applications.(1) However, the best results in linear mode single photon counting in InGaAs devices have been obtained by cooling the devices well below 200 K to reduce dark current. The single photon counting capability is due to the high gain available in the tail of the APD gain distribution, and this high gain tail is enhanced by reducing the ionization ratio (k(eff)) and dark noise.(2) Since recent promising results in linear mode APD photon counting have involved engineering the APDs to reduce k(eff), it is likely that these devices will also perform much better than standard APDs in free space lasercomm applications at temperatures which can easily be reached by thermoelectric coolers, or even uncooled, due to the k(eff) reduction. NRL has obtained several InGaAs APDs of both the standard design and of a new design using impact ionization engineering from OptoGration, Inc. of Wilmington, MA. Some results of characterization of these APDs will be presented. C1 [Burris, H. R.; Thomas, L. M.; Moore, C. I.; Smith, W. R.; Rabinovich, D. S.; Rabinovich, W. S.; Ferraro, M. S.; Vilcheck, M. J.; Summers, L. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Burris, HR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8123,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-612-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8038 AR 80380C PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BVO29 UT WOS:000292039500011 ER PT S AU Nelson, C Avramov-Zamurovic, S Malek-Madani, R Korotkova, O Sova, R Davidson, F AF Nelson, C. Avramov-Zamurovic, S. Malek-Madani, R. Korotkova, O. Sova, R. Davidson, F. BE Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI PDF computations for power-in-the-bucket measurements of an IR laser beam propagating in the maritime environment SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Atmospheric Propagation VIII CY APR 26-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Free-space optical communications; maritime communications; Gamma-Laguerre; Gamma-Gamma; probability density function; atmospheric turbulence; scintillation AB During two separate field tests (July and September 2009) the performance of a free-space optical (FSO) communications link was evaluated in the maritime environment off of the mid-Atlantic coast near Wallops Island, VA. During these two field tests, a bi-directional shore-to-ship data link was established using commercially available adaptive optics terminals. The link, which ranged from 2 - 22 km (optical horizon), was established between a lookout tower located on Cedar Island, VA and a Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory research vessel. This paper presents statistical analysis of the power-in-the-bucket captured from two detectors placed alongside the adaptive optics terminal during the September 2009 field trial. The detectors ranged in size from 0.25" to 1.0" in diameter. We will present the histogram reconstruction and compare the data for the 0.25" and 1.0" power-in-bucket (PIB), and 1.0" power-in-fiber (PIF) Adaptive Optics (AO) detectors with analytical probability density function (PDF) models based on the Lognormal, Gamma-Laguerre, and Gamma-Gamma distributions. Additionally, dependence of the results on propagation distance, detector aperture size, and varying levels of optical turbulence are investigated. C1 [Nelson, C.; Avramov-Zamurovic, S.; Malek-Madani, R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Nelson, C (reprint author), USN Acad, 121 Blake Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM cnelson@usna.edu RI Davidson, Frederic /A-3273-2010 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-612-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8038 AR 80380G PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BVO29 UT WOS:000292039500015 ER PT J AU Bhatia, AK Landi, E AF Bhatia, A. K. Landi, E. TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for Ni XI SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; R-MATRIX METHOD; FE-IX; EMISSION-LINES; COLLISIONAL EXCITATION; IMAGING SPECTROMETER; RATE COEFFICIENTS; ALPHA-CENTAURI; SOLAR SPECTRUM; CROSS-SECTIONS AB Electron impact collision strengths, energy levels, oscillator strengths, and spontaneous radiative decay rates are calculated for Ni XI. We include in the calculations the 12 lowest configurations, corresponding to 180 fine-structure levels: 3s(2)3p(6), s(2)3p(5)3d, 3s(2)3p(4)3d(2), 3s3p(6)3d, 3s(2)3p(5)4l, and 3s3p(6)4l with l = s, p,d, f. Collision strengths are calculated at five incident energies for all transitions: 7.45, 17.6, 31.4, 50.1, and 75.2 Ry above the threshold of each transition. An additional energy, very close to the transition threshold, has been added, whose value is between 0.0007 Ry and 0.25 Ry depending on the levels involved. Calculations have been carried out using the Flexible Atomic Code. The scattering problem is solved in the distorted wave approximation. Excitation rate coefficients are calculated as a function of electron temperature by assuming a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution. Using the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative transition rates of the present work, combined with close coupling collision excitation rate coefficients available in the literature for the lowest 17 levels, statistical equilibrium equations for level populations are solved at electron densities covering the range of 10(8)-10(14) cm(-3) and at an electron temperature of log T(e) K = 6.1, corresponding to the maximum abundance of Ni XI. Spectral line intensities are calculated, and their diagnostic relevance is discussed. This dataset will be made available in the next version of the CHIANTI database. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Landi, E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bhatia, A. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Landi@nrl.navy.mil RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 FU NASA; [NNH06CD24C]; [NNG04ED07P] FX The work of Enrico Landi is supported by the NNH06CD24C, NNG04ED07P, and other NASA grants. Calculations were carried out using the Discover computer of the NASA Center for Computation Science. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD JAN PY 2011 VL 97 IS 1 BP 50 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2010.09.001 PG 59 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 686EG UT WOS:000284679000004 ER PT J AU Eonta, SE Carr, W McArdle, JJ Kain, JM Tate, C Wesensten, NJ Norris, JN Balkin, TJ Kamimori, GH AF Eonta, Stephanie E. Carr, Walter McArdle, Joseph J. Kain, Jason M. Tate, Charmaine Wesensten, Nancy J. Norris, Jacob N. Balkin, Thomas J. Kamimori, Gary H. TI Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics: Repeated Assessment with Two Military Samples SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE neuropsychological assessment; computer-based testing; practice effects; repeated measures ID TEST-RETEST INTERVALS; ALTERNATE FORMS; WORKING-MEMORY; PERFORMANCE; TESTS; BATTERY AB EONTA SE, CARR W, MCARDLE JJ, KAIN JM, TATE C, WESENSTEN NJ, No Rats JN, BALKIN TJ, KAMIMORI GH. Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics: repeated assessment with two military samples. Aviat Space Environ Med 2011; 82:34-9. Introduction: U.S. military troops deploying to war zones are currently administered the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM4) Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Battery to establish individual neurocognitive performance baselines. In part, the utility of the ANAM4 TBI Battery baseline measurement depends on test-retest reliability of this instrument. The purpose of this report was to evaluate performance following multiple administrations of the ANAM4 TBI Battery: does performance in a repeated measures paradigm constitute a stable, interpretable indication of baseline neurocognitive ability? Methods: The data presented here are from the ANAM4 TBI Battery administered four times to a group of U.S. Marines in Study 1 and eight times to a group of New Zealand Defence Force personnel in Study 2. Results: The results show practice effect in five of six performance sub-tests in both Study 1 and Study 2. Discussion: Results are consistent with expectations that multiple test sessions are required to reach stable performance on some computerized tasks. These results have implications for taking ANAM4 TBI Battery practice effects into account in test administration and in data interpretation. C1 [Eonta, Stephanie E.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. New Zealand Def Force, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Eonta, SE (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM stephanie.eonta@med.navy.mil FU [602702E.0000.000A0811] FX This work was supported and funded by work unit number 602702E.0000.000A0811. The study protocols were approved by the Naval Medical Research Center Institutional Review Board in compliance with all applicable Federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 9 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 EI 1943-4448 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 82 IS 1 BP 34 EP 39 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2799.2011 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 702OH UT WOS:000285903500007 PM 21235103 ER PT J AU Weiland, C Busic, J Yagla, J AF Weiland, C. Busic, J. Yagla, J. BE Baker, E Templeton, D TI AN AUTOMATED VISUAL SCORING ALGORITHM FOR ASSESSING GUNFIRE ACCURACY SO BALLISTICS 2011: 26TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS, VOL 1 AND VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Symposium on Ballistics CY SEP 12-16, 2011 CL Miami, FL SP Ballist Div Natl Def Ind Assoc (NDIA) AB This paper introduces a novel method for scoring gunfire accuracy using video data. Rounds are scored autonomously from digital video by a computer requiring no human input. Notional methods for acquiring the video data include a camera mounted near a gun firing directly at a target (line of sight) or a video camera mounted to an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) orbiting the target area for non-line of sight weapons. The acquired video data is processed using signal and image processing algorithms to automatically detect where the weapon impact point is in relation to the desired impact point. This paper addresses aspects of the Video Automated Scoring System (VASS) in scoring both direct and indirect fire systems. The basic algorithm operation is presented along with actual live fire test data to demonstrate the utility of VASS in scoring gunfire accuracy. C1 [Weiland, C.; Busic, J.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Weiland, C (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Code G65,18236 Thompson Rd,Suite 232, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-052-5 PY 2011 BP 500 EP 510 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BXY64 UT WOS:000297632200053 ER PT J AU Hatch-Aguilar, TJ Najjar, FM Szymanski, EW AF Hatch-Aguilar, T. J. Najjar, F. M. Szymanski, E. W. BE Baker, E Templeton, D TI COMPUTATIONAL HYDROCODE STUDY OF TARGET DAMAGE DUE TO FRAGMENT-BLAST IMPACT SO BALLISTICS 2011: 26TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS, VOL 1 AND VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Symposium on Ballistics CY SEP 12-16, 2011 CL Miami, FL SP Ballist Div Natl Def Ind Assoc (NDIA) AB A numerical study using Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's (LLNL's) ALE3D (ALE = Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian) hydrocode was undertaken exploring the combined fragment-blast damage effects on a 0.375-inch-thick, 3-foot (ft) diameter circular plate. A 5-pound spherical charge of trinitrotoluene (TNT) was detonated 1 ft away from the target while a 0.5 inch diameter, L/D = 2 right cylinder steel fragment was launched at 6,500 feet per second (ft/s) in-between the charge and the target. Five different configurations were explored: a blast only effect, blast-before-fragment, combined blast-fragment, fragment-before-blast, and fragment only, allowing for a 40-mu s time interval between events. Additionally, three different target alloy compositions were evaluated: aluminum 2024-T6, titanium 6Al-4V, and mild steel, quantifying any material dependent dynamics. Analysis evaluated momentum and kinetic energy on target along with target hole size, maximum plate deflection, and effective plastic strain as available metrics providing an accurate characterization of combined fragment-blast target damage effects. C1 [Hatch-Aguilar, T. J.; Szymanski, E. W.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weap Div NAWCWD, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Hatch-Aguilar, TJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weap Div NAWCWD, Code 4J3300D,1 Adm Circle, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-052-5 PY 2011 BP 1918 EP 1929 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BXY64 UT WOS:000297632200206 ER PT J AU Miller, NL Shattuck, LG Matsangas, P AF Miller, Nita Lewis Shattuck, Lawrence G. Matsangas, Panagiotis TI Sleep and Fatigue Issues in Continuous Operations: A Survey of US Army Officers SO BEHAVIORAL SLEEP MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DOSE-RESPONSE; PERFORMANCE; DEPRIVATION; RESTRICTION; HEALTH; TEMPO AB Forty-nine U.S. Army officers with recent combat experience were surveyed to assess their units' sleep patterns and to determine the tactics, techniques, and procedures used to counter the effects of sleep deprivation in their units. Despite Army policy requiring units to develop and implement sleep management plans, nearly 80% of the participants reported they had not been briefed on a sleep management plan during their most recent deployment. Over one half of the respondents reported that fatigue was a problem in their units. During high operational tempo (OPTEMPO), which occupied nearly half of their time in combat, participants report receiving only 4 hr of sleep daily. The vast majority of respondents (82.6%) reported feeling sleep-deprived at least occasionally while at high OPTEMPO. These findings have important implications for the operational readiness of all military units deployed to combat environments. C1 [Miller, Nita Lewis; Shattuck, Lawrence G.; Matsangas, Panagiotis] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Miller, NL (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, 1411 Cunningham,Rm 225, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM nlmiller@nps.edu NR 15 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1540-2002 J9 BEHAV SLEEP MED JI Behav. Sleep Med. PY 2011 VL 9 IS 1 BP 53 EP 65 DI 10.1080/15402002.2011.533994 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 229DY UT WOS:000325243200008 PM 21218294 ER PT J AU Yavlovich, A Singh, A Blumenthal, R Puri, A AF Yavlovich, Amichai Singh, Alok Blumenthal, Robert Puri, Anu TI A novel class of photo-triggerable liposomes containing DPPC:DC8,9PC as vehicles for delivery of doxorubcin to cells SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES LA English DT Article DE Polymerizable lipids; Laser; Triggered drug release; Diacetylene phospholipid; Radiation-sensitive liposome; Lipid modification ID SMALL UNILAMELLAR LIPOSOMES; PHOTOSENSITIVE LIPOSOMES; DRUG-DELIVERY; LIPID BILAYERS; SOLUTE RELEASE; CARRIERS; SYSTEMS; ASSEMBLIES; EFFICIENT; VESICLES AB Success of nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery is subject to development of optimal drug release strategies within defined space and time (triggered release). Recently, we reported a novel class of photo-triggerable liposomes prepared from dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and photopolymerizable diacetylene phospholipid (DC8,9PC), that efficiently released entrapped calcein (a water soluble fluorescent dye) upon UV (254 nm) treatment. To develop these formulations for in vivo applications, we have examined phototriggering of these liposomes by visible light, and the effect of released anticancer drugs on cellular toxicity. Sonicated liposomes containing various ratios of DPPC:DC8,9PC and 4 mol% DSPE-PEG2000 were loaded with calcein (Ex/Em, 485/517 nm) or a chemotherapy drug, Doxorubicin (DOX, Ex/Em 490/590 nm). Our initial experiments showed that 514 nm laser treatment of liposomes containing 10 or 20 mol% DC8,9PC for 1-3 min resulted in significant release of calcein. Based on these results, we performed studies with DOX-loaded liposomes. First, biophysical properties (including liposome size and stability) and DOX encapsulation efficiency of the liposomes were determined. Subsequently, the effect of 514 nm laser on DOX release, and cellular toxicity by released DOX were examined. Since liposomes using the 86:10:04 mole ratio of DPPC: DC8,9PC:DSPE-PEG2000, showed highest encapsulation of DOX, these formulations were investigated further. We report that (i) liposomes retained about 70% of entrapped DOX at 37 degrees C in the presence of 0-50% serum. (ii) 514 nm laser treatment resulted in DOX release from liposomes in a wavelength-specific manner. (iii) Laser treatment of co-cultures containing DOX-loaded liposomes and cells (Raji and MCF-7) resulted in at least 2-3 fold improved cell killing as compared to untreated samples. Taken together, the photo-triggerable liposomes described here may provide a platform for future drug delivery applications. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating improved cell killing following light-triggered release of an encapsulated anticancer agent from photosensitive liposomes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Puri, Anu] NCI Frederick, Membrane Struct & Funct Sect, CCRNP, NIH,Nanobiol Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Singh, Alok] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Puri, A (reprint author), NCI Frederick, Membrane Struct & Funct Sect, CCRNP, NIH,Nanobiol Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM apuri@helix.nih.gov FU NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research. NR 42 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2736 J9 BBA-BIOMEMBRANES JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Biomembr. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 1808 IS 1 BP 117 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.07.030 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 701VX UT WOS:000285853800013 PM 20691151 ER PT J AU Schultz, MP Bendick, JA Holm, ER Hertel, WM AF Schultz, M. P. Bendick, J. A. Holm, E. R. Hertel, W. M. TI Economic impact of biofouling on a naval surface ship SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE drag; powering; resistance; biofouling; roughness; antifouling coatings; economics ID TURBULENT-BOUNDARY-LAYERS; ANTIFOULING COATINGS; SKIN FRICTION; ROUGHNESS; DRAG; PERFORMANCE; RESISTANCE; ATTACHMENT; BIOFILMS; SYSTEMS AB In the present study, the overall economic impact of hull fouling on a mid-sized naval surface ship (Arleigh Burke-class destroyer DDG-51) has been analyzed. A range of costs associated with hull fouling was examined, including expenditures for fuel, hull coatings, hull coating application and removal, and hull cleaning. The results indicate that the primary cost associated with fouling is due to increased fuel consumption attributable to increased frictional drag. The costs related to hull cleaning and painting are much lower than the fuel costs. The overall cost associated with hull fouling for the Navy's present coating, cleaning, and fouling level is estimated to be $56M per year for the entire DDG-51 class or $1B over 15 years. The results of this study provide guidance as to the amount of money that can be reasonably spent for research, development, acquisition, and implementation of new technologies or management strategies to combat hull fouling. C1 [Schultz, M. P.] USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Bendick, J. A.; Holm, E. R.; Hertel, W. M.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr Carderock, Naval Sea Syst Command, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Schultz, MP (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM mschultz@usna.edu RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of this research by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). Particularly, they thank Dr Stephen McElvany, ONR 332, for his vision, support, and guidance throughout the various phases of the project. Completion of this work required the participation of a large number of collaborators. The authors recognize these collaborators for their assistance in the development of initial approaches to the analysis and subsequently for the information and data necessary to populate the models and generate the outputs detailed in this paper. Contributors include representatives of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) and the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) Carderock and Philadelphia divisions including codes 20, 61, and 90 and their contractors. Mr Thomas McCue, NAVSEA 00C5, and Seaward Marine Services provided access to, and validated, databases of Navy underwater hull fouling and cleaning information. The authors thank Mrs Elizabeth Haslbeck (NSWCCD Code 613) for her insights into hull fouling and collection and evaluation of information from the Navy Energy Utilization Reporting System (NEURS) database at the Naval Sea Logistics Center (NAVSEALOGCEN). Mr Kevin Burns (SAIC) carried out statistical analysis of historical hull biofouling and hull cleaning data. Finally, the authors acknowledge the efforts of many others who, though not specifically mentioned, provided valuable advice or information in areas including ship powering, operations and maintenance, that was essential to clarifying or guiding the economic analyses reported herein. To all, the authors are grateful. NR 48 TC 256 Z9 268 U1 18 U2 139 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 87 EP 98 DI 10.1080/08927014.2010.542809 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 695ZK UT WOS:000285411500008 PM 21161774 ER PT J AU Zhang, QW Mochalin, VN Neitzel, I Knoke, IY Han, JJ Klug, CA Zhou, JG Lelkes, PI Gogotsi, Y AF Zhang, Qingwei Mochalin, Vadym N. Neitzel, Ioannis Knoke, Isabel Y. Han, Jingjia Klug, Christopher A. Zhou, Jack G. Lelkes, Peter I. Gogotsi, Yury TI Fluorescent PLLA-nanodiamond composites for bone tissue engineering SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Functionalized nanodiamond; Fixation devices; Nanocomposite; Fluorescent nanoparticle; Bone tissue engineering ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; POLY(LACTIC ACID); POLYMER COMPOSITE; FIBERS; NANOINDENTATION; PLA; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES; NANOMATERIALS AB Superior mechanical properties, rich surface chemistry, and good biocompatibility of diamond nanoparticles make them attractive in biomaterial applications. A multifunctional fluorescent composite bone scaffold material has been produced utilizing a biodegradable polymer, poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), and octadecylamine-functionalized nanodiamond (ND-ODA). The uniform dispersion of nanoparticles in the polymer led to significant increase in hardness and Young's modulus of the composites. Addition of 10% wt of ND-ODA resulted in more than 200% increase in Young's modulus and 800% increase in hardness, bringing the nanocomposite properties close to that of the human cortical bone. Testing of ND-ODA/PLLA as a matrix supporting murine osteoblast (7F2) cell growth for up to 1 week showed that the addition of ND-ODA had no negative effects on cell proliferation. ND-ODA serves as a multifunctional additive providing improved mechanical properties, bright fluorescence, and options for drug loading and delivery via surface modification. Thus ND-ODA/PLLA composites open up numerous avenues for their use as components of bone scaffolds and smart surgical tools such as fixation devices in musculoskeletal tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Intense fluorescence of ND-ODA/PLLA scaffolds can be used to monitor bone re-growth replacing the implant in vivo. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Qingwei; Lelkes, Peter I.] Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. [Zhang, Qingwei; Zhou, Jack G.; Gogotsi, Yury] Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. [Zhang, Qingwei; Han, Jingjia; Lelkes, Peter I.] Drexel Univ, Sch Biomed Engn Sci & Hlth Syst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Mochalin, Vadym N.; Neitzel, Ioannis; Knoke, Isabel Y.; Gogotsi, Yury] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. [Klug, Christopher A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lelkes, PI (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. EM pilelkes@drexel.edu; gogotsi@drexel.edu RI Gogotsi, Yury/B-2167-2008; OI Gogotsi, Yury/0000-0001-9423-4032; Knoke, Isabel/0000-0001-6261-9819; Mochalin, Vadym/0000-0001-7403-1043 FU NSF [CMMI-0927963]; Surgical Engineering Enterprise of the Drexel College of Medicine Strategic Initiative FX We acknowledge support from NSF under the grant number CMMI-0927963 and by the Surgical Engineering Enterprise of the Drexel College of Medicine Strategic Initiative. Additionally, the authors are grateful to NanoBlox Inc. for providing the samples of nanodiamond used in this study. The Centralized Research Facility (CRF) of the College of Engineering, Drexel University provided access to nanoindenter and electron microscopes used in this work. We would also like to thank Shraddha Vachhani for her help in analyzing nanoindentation data and Teresa Ubieto for her help with XRD analysis. NR 37 TC 135 Z9 138 U1 15 U2 123 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD JAN PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.08.090 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 693IK UT WOS:000285217600011 PM 20869765 ER PT S AU Taitt, CR Shriver-Lake, LC Anderson, GP Ligler, FS AF Taitt, Chris R. Shriver-Lake, Lisa C. Anderson, George P. Ligler, Frances S. BE Hurst, SJ TI Surface Modification and Biomolecule Immobilization on Polymer Spheres for Biosensing Applications SO BIOMEDICAL NANOETECHNOLOGY: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Microspheres; Nanoparticles; Immobilization; Latex spheres ID ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; LATEX-PARTICLES; CHOLERA-TOXIN; HOMOGENEOUS IMMUNOASSAY; RECOGNITION MOLECULES; TARGETING LIGANDS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; PROTEIN; DIAGNOSTICS AB Microspheres and nanospheres are being used in many of today's biosensing applications for automated sample processing, flow cytometry, signal amplification in microarrays, and labeling in multiplexed analyses. The surfaces of the spheres/particles need to be modified with proteins and other biomolecules to be used in these sensing applications. This chapter contains protocols to modify carboxyl- and amine-coated polymer spheres with proteins and peptides. C1 [Taitt, Chris R.; Shriver-Lake, Lisa C.; Anderson, George P.; Ligler, Frances S.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Petrosko, Sarah/A-3606-2013; Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 67 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-61779-051-5 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2011 VL 726 BP 77 EP 94 DI 10.1007/978-1-61779-052-2_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-61779-052-2 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BUL40 UT WOS:000289741000006 PM 21424444 ER PT S AU Prasuhn, DE Susumu, K Medintz, IL AF Prasuhn, Duane E. Susumu, Kimihiro Medintz, Igor L. BE Hurst, SJ TI Multivalent Conjugation of Peptides, Proteins, and DNA to Semiconductor Quantum Dots SO BIOMEDICAL NANOETECHNOLOGY: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Quantum dots; Semiconductor nanocrystal; Bioconjugation; Nanoparticle; Self-assembly; EDC coupling; Peptide; Protein; Polyhistidine; Metal affinity; Fluorescence; Biosensing ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; HISTIDINE-TAGGED PROTEINS; LIVE CELLS; NANOCRYSTALS; STABILITY; NANOPARTICLES; LIGANDS; CDSE; PURIFICATION; PROBES AB Semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs) have become well-established as a unique nanoparticle scaffold for bioapplications due to their robust luminescent properties. In order to continue their development and expand this technology, improved methodologies arc required for the controllable functionalization and display of biomolecules on QDs. In particular, efficient routes that allow control over ligand loading and spatial orientation, while minimizing or eliminating cross-linking and aggregation are needed. Two conjugation approaches are presented that address these needs: (1) polyhistidine-based metal-affinity self-assembly to QD surfaces and (2) carbodiimide-based amide bond formation to carboxy-functionalized polyethylene glycol or PEGylated QDs. These approaches can be successfully employed in the construction of a variety of QD-biomolecule constructs utilizing synthetic peptides, recombinant proteins, peptides, and even modified DNA oligomers. C1 [Prasuhn, Duane E.; Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Prasuhn, DE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Petrosko, Sarah/A-3606-2013 NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-61779-051-5 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2011 VL 726 BP 95 EP 110 DI 10.1007/978-1-61779-052-2_7 D2 10.1007/978-1-61779-052-2 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BUL40 UT WOS:000289741000007 PM 21424445 ER PT J AU Biffinger, JC Fitzgerald, LA Ray, R Little, BJ Lizewski, SE Petersen, ER Ringeisen, BR Sanders, WC Sheehan, PE Pietron, JJ Baldwin, JW Nadeau, LJ Johnson, GR Ribbens, M Finkel, SE Nealson, KH AF Biffinger, Justin C. Fitzgerald, Lisa A. Ray, Ricky Little, Brenda J. Lizewski, Stephen E. Petersen, Emily R. Ringeisen, Bradley R. Sanders, Wesley C. Sheehan, Paul E. Pietron, Jeremy J. Baldwin, Jeffrey W. Nadeau, Lloyd J. Johnson, Glenn R. Ribbens, Meghann Finkel, Steven E. Nealson, Kenneth H. TI The utility of Shewanella japonica for microbial fuel cells SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microbial fuel cell; Shewanella; Sucrose; Mediators; Carbohydrate ID EXTRACELLULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION; ONEIDENSIS MR-1; BIOFILM; REDUCTION; MICROORGANISMS; BACTERIA; FLAVINS; SYSTEMS; GROWTH AB Shewanella-containing microbial fuel cells (MFCs) typically use the fresh water wild-type strain Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 due to its metabolic diversity and facultative oxidant tolerance. However. S. oneidensis MR-1 is not capable of metabolizing polysaccharides for extracellular electron transfer. The applicability of Shewanella japonica (an agar-lytic Shewanella strain) for power applications was analyzed using a diverse array of carbon sources for current generation from MFCs, cellular physiological responses at an electrode surface, biofilm formation, and the presence of soluble extracellular mediators for electron transfer to carbon electrodes. Critically, air-exposed S. japonica utilizes biosynthesized extracellular mediators for electron transfer to carbon electrodes with sucrose as the sole carbon source. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Biffinger, Justin C.; Fitzgerald, Lisa A.; Lizewski, Stephen E.; Ringeisen, Bradley R.; Sanders, Wesley C.; Sheehan, Paul E.; Pietron, Jeremy J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ray, Ricky; Little, Brenda J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, John C Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Petersen, Emily R.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Baldwin, Jeffrey W.] USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nadeau, Lloyd J.; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Lab, Microbiol & Appl Biochem Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Ribbens, Meghann; Finkel, Steven E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Mol & Computat Biol Sect, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Nealson, Kenneth H.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Biffinger, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM justin.biffinger@nrl.navy.mil RI Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124 FU Office of Naval Research [62123 N, 61153 N]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-06-1-0292]; US Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials Science Directorate (AFRL-RX) FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research (NRL 6.2 Program Element Number 62123 N), NRL Program Element Number 61153 N, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (MURI program, Award No. FA9550-06-1-0292) and the AFRL research was funded by the US Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials Science Directorate (AFRL-RX). NR 38 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 102 IS 1 SI SI BP 290 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.078 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 699IY UT WOS:000285658300039 PM 20663660 ER PT J AU Coyne, KS Cash, B Kopp, Z Gelhorn, H Milsom, I Berriman, S Vats, V Khullar, V AF Coyne, Karin S. Cash, Brooks Kopp, Zoe Gelhorn, Heather Milsom, Ian Berriman, Sandra Vats, Vasudha Khullar, Vik TI The prevalence of chronic constipation and faecal incontinence among men and women with symptoms of overactive bladder SO BJU INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE constipation; faecal incontinence; overactive bladder; community survey ID URINARY-TRACT SYMPTOMS; IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; IDIOPATHIC DETRUSOR INSTABILITY; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; AGED 40 YEARS; RISK-FACTORS; COMMUNITY; IMPACT; SAMPLE; ADULTS AB What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? There have been no previous studies examining the overlap of chronic constipation and overactive bladder in the US population. Limited research to date based on samples of elderly, Asian and pediatric populations suggests that there is substantial overlap. The results of this study suggest that the prevalence of chronic constipation is increased in people with overactive bladder who are >= 40 years and should be considered by healthcare providers treating these patients. OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence and overlap of overactive bladder (OAB), chronic constipation (CC) and faecal incontinence (FI) among a general population sample of adults in the USA. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional internet-based survey of randomly selected panel members who were >= 40 years of age was conducted. Participants reported how often they experienced symptoms of OAB, CC and FI using Likert scales and modified Rome III criteria. Analyses were conducted to examine the overall prevalence of OAB, CC and FI in men and women separately and to characterize the extent of overlap between these conditions in participants with OAB vs those without OAB, and those participants with continent vs incontinent OAB. RESULTS The response rate for the survey was 62.2% and the final sample (N = 2000) included 927 men and 1073 women. The overall prevalence of OAB [defined as a response of >= 'sometimes' to urinary urgency (i.e. 'sometimes' or more often) or 'yes' to urinary urgency incontinence (UUI)] was 26.1% in men and 41.2% in women. The overall prevalence of CC was significantly lower in men than in women (15.3 vs 26.3%), but both men and women with OAB were significantly more likely to report CC (22.3 and 35.9% vs 5.7 and 6.7%, respectively, P < 0.0001). The overall prevalence of FI reported 'rarely' or more was 16.7% of men and 21.9% of women. Men and women with OAB were significantly more likely to report FI than those without OAB. FI was also more common in participants with incontinent OAB than in those with continent OAB. Logistic regressions controlling for demographic factors and comorbid conditions suggest that OAB status is a very strong predictor of CC, FI and overlapping CC and FI (odds ratios, range 3.55-7.96). CONCLUSIONS Chronic constipation, FI and overlapping CC and faecal incontinence occur more frequently in patients with OAB and should be considered when evaluating and treating patients with OAB. These findings suggest a shared pathophysiology among these conditions. Additional study is needed to determine if successful treatment of one or more of these conditions is accompanied by commensurate improvement in symptoms referable to the other organ system. C1 [Coyne, Karin S.] United BioSource Corp, Ctr Hlth Outcomes Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Cash, Brooks] Univ Hlth Sci, Natl Naval Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Kopp, Zoe; Berriman, Sandra; Vats, Vasudha] Pfizer Inc, New York, NY USA. [Kopp, Zoe; Berriman, Sandra; Vats, Vasudha] Gothenburg Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Sahlgrenska Acad, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Khullar, Vik] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, St Marys Hosp, Dept Urogynaecol, London, England. RP Coyne, KS (reprint author), United BioSource Corp, Ctr Hlth Outcomes Res, 7101 Wisconsin Ave,Suite 600, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM karin.coyne@unitedbiosource.com OI Kopp, Zoe/0000-0002-5058-4492 NR 32 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1464-4096 J9 BJU INT JI BJU Int. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 107 IS 2 BP 254 EP 261 DI 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09446.x PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 702UU UT WOS:000285922200012 PM 20590548 ER PT J AU Dougherty, AL MacGregor, AJ Han, PP Heltemes, KJ Galarneau, MR AF Dougherty, Amber L. MacGregor, Andrew J. Han, Peggy P. Heltemes, Kevin J. Galarneau, Michael R. TI Visual dysfunction following blast-related traumatic brain injury from the battlefield SO BRAIN INJURY LA English DT Article DE TBI; ocular and visual disorder; combat injury; military ID SEVERITY SCORE; NECK INJURIES; IMPAIRMENT; SOLDIERS; REGISTRY; HEAD; CARE; IRAQ AB Primary objective: To assess the occurrence of ocular and visual disorders following blast-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Operation Iraqi Freedom. Research design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods and procedures: A total of 2254 US service members with blast-related combat injuries were identified for analysis from the Expeditionary Medical Encounter Database. Medical record information near the point of injury was used to assess factors associated with the diagnosis of ocular/visual disorder within 12 months after injury, including severity of TBI. Main outcomes and results: Of 2254 service members, 837 (37.1%) suffered a blast-related TBI and 1417 (62.9%) had other blast-related injuries. Two-hundred and one (8.9%) were diagnosed with an ocular or visual disorder within 12 months after blast injury. Compared with service members with other injuries, odds of ocular/visual disorder were significantly higher for service members with moderate TBI (odds ratio (OR) = 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-2.45) and serious to critical TBI (OR = 14.26, 95% CI = 7.00-29.07). Conclusions: Blast-related TBI is strongly associated with visual dysfunction within 1 year after injury and the odds of disorder appears to increase with severity of brain injury. Comprehensive vision examinations following TBI in theatre may be necessary. C1 [Dougherty, Amber L.; MacGregor, Andrew J.; Han, Peggy P.; Heltemes, Kevin J.; Galarneau, Michael R.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Med Modeling Simulat & Mission Support, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Dougherty, AL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Med Modeling Simulat & Mission Support, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM amber.dougherty@med.navy.mil FU US Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington, DC [60808] FX Declaration of interest: This work was supported by the US Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington, DC, under Work Unit No. 60808. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the US Government. NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0269-9052 J9 BRAIN INJURY JI Brain Inj. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 25 IS 1 BP 8 EP 13 DI 10.3109/02699052.2010.536195 PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 731JI UT WOS:000288101700002 PM 21117919 ER PT J AU Borer, DA Twing, SW AF Borer, Douglas A. Twing, Stephen W. TI Blundering into Baghdad: an analysis of strategy, structure, principals and agents SO CAMBRIDGE REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LA English DT Article AB Some postmortems of the Bush Administration's pre-Iraq war decision-making have focused on a dysfunctional National Security Council (NSC) structure as the major reason for the lack of a thorough strategic assessment prior to the March 2003 invasion. Other academic and journalistic accounts have focused on a lack of a first rate conceptual thinker at the top levels of the Bush Administration as an important cause of the strategic shortcomings in Iraq decision-making. This article will assess the relative impact of decision-making structure versus quality of strategic leadership in explaining poor performance in the first five years of the Iraq war. C1 [Borer, Douglas A.] USN, Post Grad Sch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Twing, Stephen W.] Frostburg State Univ, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. RP Borer, DA (reprint author), USN, Post Grad Sch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0955-7571 J9 CAMB REV INT AFF JI Camb. Rev. Int. Aff. PY 2011 VL 24 IS 3 BP 493 EP 512 DI 10.1080/09557571.2011.616998 PG 20 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 877YH UT WOS:000299218100010 ER PT S AU Lin, BC Delehanty, JB AF Lin, Baochuan Delehanty, James B. BE Palmer, E TI Transfected Cell Microarrays for the Expression of Membrane-Displayed Single-Chain Antibodies SO CELL-BASED MICROARRAYS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Transfected cell microarray; single-chain antibody (scFv); reverses transfection; high-throughput functional analysis; immunoglobulin; fusion protein ID CONTACT RESIDUES AB Transfected cell microarrays, arrays of cells expressing defined cDNAs, are promising technologies that can enable the functional analysis of many proteins in parallel. This technique has been adapted for the comparative functional analysis of single-chain antibodies (scFvs) and to Facilitate the screening and characterization of these antibodies for their use in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In this method, membrane-targeting expression vectors encoding scFvs are mixed with transfection reagents and are deposited at high density onto a microscope slide. Adherent mammalian cells arc subsequently added to the printed array. Upon attachment to the substrate, the cells take up the plasmid DNA and express the particular protein encoded at each location. The result is an array whose features are micrometer-sized clusters of cells expressing defined genes. This approach provides for the high-throughput functional analysis of many different proteins in parallel and can be considerably more informative and cost-effective relative to more traditional protein expression techniques. C1 [Lin, Baochuan; Delehanty, James B.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lin, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-61737-969-7 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2011 VL 706 BP 119 EP 137 DI 10.1007/978-1-61737-970-3_10 D2 10.1007/978-1-61737-970-3 PG 19 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA BSQ49 UT WOS:000285452700010 PM 21104059 ER PT S AU Charles, PT Adams, AA Deschamps, JR Veitch, SP Hanson, A Kusterbeck, AW AF Charles, Paul T. Adams, Andre A. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Veitch, Scott P. Hanson, Alfred Kusterbeck, Anne W. BE Fountain, AW Gardner, PJ TI Explosives detection in the marine environment using UUV-modified immunosensor SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XII CY APR 26-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Immunosensor; unmanned underwater vehicle; UUV; explosives; TNT; autonomous; AUV ID REVERSED-DISPLACEMENT IMMUNOSENSOR; TRACE-LEVEL DETECTION; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; TNT; MICROIMMUNOSENSOR; SEAWATER; UXO AB Port and harbor security has rapidly become a point of interest and concern with the emergence of new improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The ability to provide physical surveillance and identification of IEDs and unexploded ordnances (UXO) at these entry points has led to an increased effort in the development of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) equipped with sensing devices. Traditional sensors used to identify and locate potential threats are side scan sonar/acoustic methods and magnetometers. At the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), we have developed an immunosensor capable of detecting trace levels of explosives that has been integrated into a REMUS payload for use in the marine environment. Laboratory tests using a modified PMMA microfluidic device with immobilized monoclonal antibodies specific for TNT and RDX have been conducted yielding detection levels in the low parts-per-billion (ppb) range. New designs and engineered improvements in microfluidic devices, fluorescence signal probes, and UUV internal fluidic and optical components have been investigated and integrated into the unmanned underwater prototype. Results from laboratory and recent field demonstrations using the prototype UUV immunosensor will be discussed. The immunosensor in combination with acoustic and other sensors could serve as a complementary characterization tool for the detection of IEDs, UXOs and other potential chemical or biological threats. C1 [Charles, Paul T.; Deschamps, Jeffrey R.; Kusterbeck, Anne W.] USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Adams, Andre A.] US Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Postdoctoral Res Associate, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Veitch, Scott P.; Hanson, Alfred] Univ Rhode Isl, SubChem Syst, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Charles, PT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010; Adams, Andre/0000-0002-2979-249X FU NRL/ONR base research program. FX This work was supported by the NRL/ONR base research program. The opinions expressed here represent those of the authors and do not represent the U.S. Navy or Department of Defense. The authors would like to thank Dr. Al Hanson, Mr. Scott Veitch and the staff of SubChem Systems, Inc for their assistance in the design and integration of the UVV prototype detector into the REMUS100. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-592-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8018 AR 80181U DI 10.1117/12.883243 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BXX76 UT WOS:000297515800058 ER PT S AU Ewing, KJ Shaw, LB Kim, R Gattass, RR Sanghera, J Aggarwal, I AF Ewing, Kenneth J. Shaw, L. Brandon Kim, Rick Gattass, Rafael R. Sanghera, Jas Aggarwal, Ish BE Fountain, AW Gardner, PJ TI Mid-infrared optical fiber Fourier transform infrared spectrometer SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XII CY APR 26-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB The need for small, robust, and highly selective sensors, for both military and homeland security requirements, is driving the development of portable detectors for hazardous materials. Infrared spectroscopy exhibits high selectivity because the infrared vibrational transitions correlate to the molecular structure and functional groups within the molecule. Small FTIR systems exist as COTS items; however, these systems still require precise moving components to generate the interferogram. A more desirable approach is to build a solid state system with no precision moving parts as required by a typical moving mirror interferometer. This work will describe the design aspects of an optical fiber based mid-infrared FTIR, and focus specifically on the state-of-the-art mid-infrared transmitting optical fibers and the use of an optical fiber supercontinuum source for efficient coupling of light into the system. C1 [Ewing, Kenneth J.; Shaw, L. Brandon; Kim, Rick; Gattass, Rafael R.; Sanghera, Jas] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ewing, KJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5620,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-592-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8018 AR 80180U DI 10.1117/12.883529 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BXX76 UT WOS:000297515800026 ER PT J AU Trammell, SA Tsoi, S Martin, B Melde, BJ Moore, MM Dressick, WJ AF Trammell, Scott A. Tsoi, Stanislav Martin, Brett Melde, Brian J. Moore, Martin M. Dressick, Walter J. TI Directional photoinduced electron transfer in paraquat silicate thin films containing entrapped ruthenium(II)-tris(bathophenanthroline-disulfonate) SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS; EXCITED-STATE; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; POLYMER; COMPLEXES; CELLS AB We have demonstrated directional photoinduced electron transfer in paraquat silicate thin films containing entrapped ruthenium(II)-tris(bathophenanthroline-disulfonate (RuBPS). The films were made by electrochemically-induced hydrolysis of a silane analogue of paraquat with ruthenium(II)-tris(bathophenanthroline-disulfonate as its ion pair. C1 [Trammell, Scott A.; Tsoi, Stanislav; Martin, Brett; Melde, Brian J.; Moore, Martin M.; Dressick, Walter J.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trammell, SA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM scott.trammell@nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2011 VL 47 IS 40 BP 11348 EP 11350 DI 10.1039/c1cc14084a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 828EH UT WOS:000295483800051 PM 21927757 ER PT J AU Meylemans, HA Quintana, RL Goldsmith, BR Harvey, BG AF Meylemans, Heather A. Quintana, Roxanne L. Goldsmith, Bryan R. Harvey, Benjamin G. TI Solvent-Free Conversion of Linalool to Methylcyclopentadiene Dimers: A Route To Renewable High-Density Fuels SO CHEMSUSCHEM LA English DT Article DE green chemistry; high density fuels; methylcyclopentadiene; renewable fuels; ring closing metathesis ID RING-CLOSING METATHESIS; OLEFIN-METATHESIS; CATIONIC-POLYMERIZATION; RUTHENIUM CATALYSTS; TRIMERIZATION; ISOBUTENE; BIOMASS C1 [Meylemans, Heather A.; Quintana, Roxanne L.; Goldsmith, Bryan R.; Harvey, Benjamin G.] USN, Res Dept, Div Chem, NAWCWD, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Harvey, BG (reprint author), USN, Res Dept, Div Chem, NAWCWD, 1900 N Knox Rd Stop 6303, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM benjamin.g.harvey@navy.mil RI Meylemans, Heather/G-4511-2012; Goldsmith, Bryan/K-9502-2014 OI Meylemans, Heather/0000-0001-9141-1478; Goldsmith, Bryan/0000-0003-1264-8018 FU NAWCWD; Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank NAWCWD and the Office of Naval Research for funding this work. We thank Neal Barry for creating the Table of Contents image of this manuscript. NR 40 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1864-5631 EI 1864-564X J9 CHEMSUSCHEM JI ChemSusChem PY 2011 VL 4 IS 4 BP 465 EP 469 DI 10.1002/cssc.201100017 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 755MT UT WOS:000289936900005 PM 21488169 ER PT J AU Crum-Cianflone, NF Eberly, LE Duplessis, C Maguire, J Ganesan, A Faix, D Defang, G Bai, Y Iverson, E Lalani, T Whitman, T Blair, PJ Brandt, C Macalino, G Burgess, T AF Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. Eberly, Lynn E. Duplessis, Chris Maguire, Jason Ganesan, Anuradha Faix, Dennis Defang, Gabriel Bai, Yun Iverson, Erik Lalani, Tahaniyat Whitman, Timothy Blair, Patrick J. Brandt, Carolyn Macalino, Grace Burgess, Timothy TI Immunogenicity of a Monovalent 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Vaccine in an Immunocompromised Population: A Prospective Study Comparing HIV-Infected Adults with HIV-Uninfected Adults SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; DOUBLE-BLIND; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; VIRUS; EFFICACY; INDIVIDUALS; MORTALITY AB Background. Limited data exist on the immunogenicity of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) vaccine among immunocompromised persons, including those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Methods. We compared the immunogenicity and tolerability of a single dose of the monovalent 2009 influenza A (H1N1) vaccine (strain A/California/7/2009H1N1) between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults 18-50 years of age. The primary end point was an antibody titer of >= 1: 40 at day 28 after vaccination in those with a prevaccination level of <= 1: 10, as measured by hemagglutination-inhibition assay. Geometric mean titers, influenza-like illnesses, and tolerability were also evaluated. Results. One hundred thirty-one participants were evaluated (65 HIV-infected and 66 HIV-uninfected patients), with a median age of 35 years (interquartile range, 27-42 years). HIV-infected persons had a median CD4 cell count of 581 cells/mm(3) (interquartile range, 476-814 cells/mm(3)), and 82% were receiving antiretroviral medications. At baseline, 35 patients (27%) had antibody titers of > 1:10. HIV-infected patients (29 [56%] of 52), compared with HIV-uninfected persons (35 [80%] of 44), were significantly less likely to develop an antibody response (odds ratio, .20; P = .003). Changes in the median geometric mean titer from baseline to day 28 were also significantly lower in HIV-infected patients than in HIV-uninfected persons (75 vs 153; P = .001). Five influenza-like illnesses occurred (2 cases in HIV-infected persons), but none was attributable to the 2009 influenza H1N1 virus. The vaccine was well tolerated in both groups. Conclusions. Despite high CD4 cell counts and receipt of antiretroviral medications, HIV-infected adults generated significantly poorer antibody responses, compared with HIV-uninfected persons. Future studies evaluating a 2-dose series or more-immunogenic influenza A (H1N1) vaccines among HIV-infected adults are needed (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00996970). C1 [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.; Eberly, Lynn E.; Maguire, Jason; Ganesan, Anuradha; Iverson, Erik; Lalani, Tahaniyat; Whitman, Timothy; Brandt, Carolyn; Macalino, Grace] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Ganesan, Anuradha; Whitman, Timothy] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.; Duplessis, Chris; Brandt, Carolyn] USN, Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Faix, Dennis; Blair, Patrick J.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Eberly, Lynn E.; Bai, Yun; Iverson, Erik] Univ Minnesota, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Maguire, Jason; Lalani, Tahaniyat] USN, Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Portsmouth, VA, England. RP Crum-Cianflone, NF (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nancy.crum@med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Eberly, Lynn/0000-0003-4763-330X FU Department of Defense executed through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health [Y1-AI-5072]; Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center's Global Emerging Infections System [I204_10] FX This work was supported by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, a Department of Defense program executed through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (under Interagency Agreement Y1-AI-5072); and the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center's Global Emerging Infections System (via project I204_10). NR 49 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 52 IS 1 BP 138 EP 146 DI 10.1093/cid/ciq019 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 706JI UT WOS:000286214200021 PM 21148532 ER PT J AU Lazarus, A Fuhrer, G Malekiani, C McKay, S Thurber, J AF Lazarus, Angeline Fuhrer, Gregory Malekiani, Christina McKay, Sean Thurber, John TI Primary pleural epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) - two cases and review of the literature SO CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE epithelioid hemangioendothelioma; computed tomography; pleural effusion ID INTRAVASCULAR BRONCHIOLOALVEOLAR TUMOR AB Introduction: We present two cases with symptoms of progressively worsening cough, dyspnea, decreased exercise tolerance and right-sided back pain in the first case and upper respiratory symptoms characterized by cough and a low grade fever in the second case. Methods: Report of two cases. Results: The initial chest X-ray in both the cases showed pleural effusion. Further imaging with computed tomography of the chest confirmed the effusion in both cases. Thoracentesis was done in both of them revealed an exudative effusion that did not reveal any infection or malignancy. Both cases underwent surgical biopsy and the diagnosis of primary pleural epithelioid hemangioendothelioma was made. Conclusions: Both the cases had progressive clinical deterioration despite chemotherapy with Taxol and Bevacizumab in one case and carboplatin, etoposide, and bevacizumab, in the second case. Both developed metastatic disease to lungs and died. Please cite this paper as: Lazarus A, Fuhrer G, Malekiani C, McKay S and Thurber J. Primary pleural epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) - two cases and review of the literature. Clin Respir J 2011; 5: e1-e5. C1 [Lazarus, Angeline] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Fuhrer, Gregory] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Pulm, Bethesda, MD USA. [Malekiani, Christina] USN, Med Ctr, Camp Lejuene, NC USA. [McKay, Sean] Off Phys Capitol Hill, Washington, DC USA. [Thurber, John] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Lazarus, A (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Pulm, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM angeline.lazarus@med.navy.mil NR 20 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1752-6981 J9 CLIN RESPIR J JI Clin. Respir. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP e1 EP e5 DI 10.1111/j.1752-699X.2010.00221.x PG 5 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 695FJ UT WOS:000285355700001 PM 21159132 ER PT J AU Sullivan, KT Piekiel, NW Chowdhury, S Wu, C Zachariah, MR Johnson, CE AF Sullivan, K. T. Piekiel, N. W. Chowdhury, S. Wu, C. Zachariah, M. R. Johnson, C. E. TI Ignition and Combustion Characteristics of Nanoscale Al/AgIO3: A Potential Energetic Biocidal System SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biocide; Combustion; Ignition; Nanothermite; Silver iodate; Thermite ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SILVER; NANOPARTICLES; COMPOSITES; PHASE AB The authors investigated the ignition and reaction of Al/AgIO3 thermites for potential use in biocidal applications. Rapid-heating wire experiments were performed to measure the ignition temperature and investigate the thermal decomposition of the oxidizer using a T-Jump/TOF Mass Spectrometer and an optical emission setup. Combustion experiments inside a constant-volume pressure cell were also carried out, and the relative performance was compared with other thermite systems. The ignition temperature in air at atmospheric pressure was found to be 1215 +/- 40K. The AgIO3 was found to significantly outperform CuO and Fe2O3 oxidizers in pressurization tests, and this is attributed to the enhanced gas release as the AgIO3 thermally decomposes to release iodine in addition to oxygen. The reacted product was collected to investigate the final state of the products. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were performed to show that the major Ag product species was AgI, and not elemental Ag and I2. The AgI was found to be surface exposed to the environment, existing primarily as agglomerated spherical nanoparticles, and was found in some cases to coat the Al2O3 after the reaction. C1 [Sullivan, K. T.; Piekiel, N. W.; Chowdhury, S.; Wu, C.; Zachariah, M. R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zachariah, M. R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Johnson, C. E.] USN, Chem & Mat Div, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency; NSF FX This work was funded by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency Basic Research Program. The authors also thank Kelvin Higa, Dan Kline, and Dan Bliss at the Naval Air Warfare Center for preparation of some of the thermite materials, and assistance with SEM/EDX and DSC-TGA analysis. They thank Dr. William Fourney for use of the high-speed camera. The authors acknowledge the support of the Maryland NanoCenter and its NispLab. The NispLab is supported in part by the NSF as a MRSEC Shared Experimental Facility. NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 37 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 183 IS 3 BP 285 EP 302 AR PII 931551580 DI 10.1080/00102202.2010.496378 PG 18 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 714QU UT WOS:000286824900006 ER PT S AU Dauby, JP Upholzer, S AF Dauby, Jason P. Upholzer, Steven BE Dagli, CH TI Exploring Behavioral Dynamics in Systems of Systems SO COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Complex Adaptive Systems on Responding to Continuous Global Change in Systems Needs CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Lockheed Martin, Univ Texas, Res Inst Mfg & Engn Syst (RIMES), Texas A&M Univ DE behavioral dynamics; system of systems; computational intelligence; agent based modeling; wireless networks AB This paper summarizes the early stages of research into methodologies for understanding the governing principles in systems of systems. An approach is suggested utilizing computational intelligence, agent based modeling, and wireless ad hoc network simulation as a computational testbed for exploring the generalized dynamics of complex adaptive systems. Utilizing a standard 802.11 ad hoc protocol set, the network can be understood in terms of its capabilities and limitations. Agent based modeling facilitates the individual autonomy aspect of system of systems participants and is responsible for determining how a node will use the 802.11 protocol. Evolutionary algorithms can be used to evolve the protocol usage strategies of the individuals. It is proposed that the evolutionary algorithm and agent based model provide the flexibility and autonomy needed to simulate a representative system of systems while the clear definition of the 802.11 protocol provides a framework for the experiment. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dauby, Jason P.; Upholzer, Steven] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane Div, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Dauby, JP (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane Div, Crane, IN 47522 USA. EM jason.dauby@navy.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2011 VL 6 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2011.08.009 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BYK36 UT WOS:000299124600004 ER PT J AU Doolette, DJ Mitchell, SJ AF Doolette, David J. Mitchell, Simon J. TI Hyperbaric Conditions SO COMPREHENSIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Exposure to elevated ambient pressure (hyperbaric conditions) occurs most commonly in underwater diving, during which respired gas density and partial pressures, work of breathing, and physiological dead space are all increased. There is a tendency toward hypercapnia during diving, with several potential causes. Most importantly, there may be reduced responsiveness of the respiratory controller to rising arterial CO2, leading to hypoventilation and CO2 retention. Contributory factors may include elevated arterial PO2, inert gas narcosis and an innate (but variable) tendency of the respiratory controller to sacrifice tight control of arterial CO2 when work of breathing increases. Oxygen is usually breathed at elevated partial pressure under hyperbaric conditions. Oxygen breathing at modest hyperbaric pressure is used therapeutically in hyperbaric chambers to increase arterial carriage of oxygen and diffusion into tissues. However, to avoid cerebral and pulmonary oxygen toxicity during underwater diving, both the magnitude and duration of oxygen exposure must be managed. Therefore, most underwater diving is conducted breathing mixtures of oxygen and inert gases such as nitrogen or helium, often simply air. At hyperbaric pressure, tissues equilibrate over time with high inspired inert gas partial pressure. Subsequent decompression may reduce ambient pressure below the sum of tissue gas partial pressures (supersaturation) which can result in tissue gas bubble formation and potential injury (decompression sickness). Risk of decompression sickness is minimized by scheduling time at depth and decompression rate to limit tissue supersaturation or size and profusion of bubbles in accord with models of tissue gas kinetics and bubble formation and growth. (C) 2011 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 1:163-201, 2011. C1 [Doolette, David J.] USN, Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL USA. [Doolette, David J.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Mitchell, Simon J.] Univ Auckland, Dept Anesthesiol, Auckland 1, New Zealand. RP Doolette, DJ (reprint author), USN, Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL USA. EM david.doolette.as@navy.mil NR 305 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 2040-4603 J9 COMPR PHYSIOL JI Compr. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 1 IS 1 BP 163 EP 201 DI 10.1002/cphy.c091004 PG 39 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA V27SJ UT WOS:000208632600008 PM 23737169 ER PT B AU Delaney, KP AF Delaney, Keegan P. BE Eca, L Onate, E Garcia, J Kvamsdal, T Bergan, P TI COMPUTATIONAL INVESTIGATION OF NON-BODY-OF-REVOLUTION HULL FORM MANEUVERING CHARACTERISTICS MARINE 2011 SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN MARINE ENGINEERING IV (MARINE 2011) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computational Methods in Marine Engineering (MARINE) CY SEP 28-30, 2011 CL Tech Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Tecnico, Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol (SINTEF), Int Ctr Numer Methods Engn (CIMNE), Tech Univ Catalonia (UPC), European Commun Computat Methods Apl Sci (ECCOMAS), Int Assoc Computat Mech (IACM), Caixa Geral Depositos, Maritime Res Inst Netherlands, Off Naval Res, EDP Inovacao HO Tech Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Tecnico DE RANS; Maneuvering; Underwater Body; Non-BOR C1 USN, Carderock Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Delaney, KP (reprint author), USN, Carderock Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM keegan.delaney@navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT CENTER NUMERICAL METHODS ENGINEERING PI 08034 BARCELONA PA GRAN CAPITAN, S-N, CAMPUS NORTE UPC, MODULO C1, 08034 BARCELONA, SPAIN BN 978-84-89925-79-3 PY 2011 BP 290 EP 300 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BDJ81 UT WOS:000313561400022 ER PT B AU Delaney, KP AF Delaney, Keegan P. BE Eca, L Onate, E Garcia, J Kvamsdal, T Bergan, P TI USE OF RANS FOR ANALYSIS OF A HIGH-SPEED SEALIFT CONCEPT VESSEL MARINE 2011 SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN MARINE ENGINEERING IV (MARINE 2011) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computational Methods in Marine Engineering (MARINE) CY SEP 28-30, 2011 CL Tech Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Tecnico, Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol (SINTEF), Int Ctr Numer Methods Engn (CIMNE), Tech Univ Catalonia (UPC), European Commun Computat Methods Apl Sci (ECCOMAS), Int Assoc Computat Mech (IACM), Caixa Geral Depositos, Maritime Res Inst Netherlands, Off Naval Res, EDP Inovacao HO Tech Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Tecnico DE RANS; Multiphase; Powering; Waterjets C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Delaney, KP (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM keegan.delaney@navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT CENTER NUMERICAL METHODS ENGINEERING PI 08034 BARCELONA PA GRAN CAPITAN, S-N, CAMPUS NORTE UPC, MODULO C1, 08034 BARCELONA, SPAIN BN 978-84-89925-79-3 PY 2011 BP 575 EP 584 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BDJ81 UT WOS:000313561400045 ER PT J AU Stull, CJ Nichols, JM Earls, CJ AF Stull, Christopher J. Nichols, Jonathan M. Earls, Christopher J. TI Stochastic inverse identification of geometric imperfections in shell structures SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Shell buckling; Initial imperfections; Stochastic inverse problems ID RANDOM INITIAL IMPERFECTIONS; MIXED INTERPOLATION; BEHAVIOR; PANELS AB It is now widely known that the presence of geometric imperfections in shell structures constitutes an important contribution to the discrepancy between theoretical and experimentally realizable ultimate loads governed by buckling. The present paper describes a method by which an actual initial imperfection field may be estimated using the service load response of a shell structure. The approach requires solving a stochastic inverse problem wherein uncertainty regarding initial imperfection predictions is expressed within the context of a Bayesian posterior distribution. The proposed approach could be applied to condition assessment and performance evaluation activities in practice. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Earls, Christopher J.] Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Env Eng, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Stull, Christopher J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Nichols, Jonathan M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Earls, CJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Env Eng, 220 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM earls@cornell.edu FU Office of Naval Research, Division 331, Ship System and Engineering Research [N00014-09-1-0532, N00014-09-1-0310] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Office of Naval Research, Division 331, Ship System and Engineering Research, for their support of this work through Grants N00014-09-1-0532 and N00014-09-1-0310. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Paul Hess of Division 331 for his many helpful discussions. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 EI 1879-2138 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2011 VL 200 IS 25-28 BP 2256 EP 2267 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2011.03.012 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 781AG UT WOS:000291902400010 ER PT J AU Doyle, JD Reynolds, CA Amerault, C AF Doyle, James D. Reynolds, Carolyn A. Amerault, Clark TI Diagnosing Tropical Cyclone Sensitivity SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MOIST PHYSICS; MODEL C1 [Doyle, James D.; Amerault, Clark] USN, Mesoscale Modeling Sect, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Reynolds, Carolyn A.] USN, Global Modeling Sect, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. RP Doyle, JD (reprint author), USN, Mesoscale Modeling Sect, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. EM james.doyle@nrlmry.navy.mil; carolyn.reynolds@nrlmry.nayy.mil; clark.amerault@nrlmry.navy.mil OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 FU US Office of Naval Research [0601153N]; US Department of Defense from the DoD Supercomputing Resource Center at Stennis, Mississippi FX Our work is supported by the US Office of Naval Research's program element 0601153N. We also appreciate computational resources support through a grant of US Department of Defense High-Performance Computing Time from the DoD Supercomputing Resource Center at Stennis, Mississippi. COAMPS is a registered trademark of the US Naval Research Laboratory We thank Hao fin for assistance with Figures 1 and 2. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 13 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1109/MCSE.2010.146 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 703BD UT WOS:000285947900005 ER PT S AU Masakowski, YR Aguiar, SK AF Masakowski, Yvonne R. Aguiar, Steven K. BE Cai, Y TI Human Performance in Virtual Environments SO COMPUTING WITH INSTINCT: REDISCOVERING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Instinctive ComputingWorkshop CY JUN 09-10, 2009 CL Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Carnegie Mellon Univ, Cylab, Google HO Carnegie Mellon Univ ID COLLABORATION; MODEL AB There are significant advances in virtual world technologies that permit collaboration in a distributed, virtual environment. In the real world environment, distributed teams collaborate via face-to-face communication, using social interactions, such as eye contact and gestures, which provide critical feedback to the human decision maker. The virtual world affords the system designer the ability to evaluate an operator's ability to respond to information (e. g., events, goals, objectives, etc.) in a complex, distributed team environment. The question is, how do we evaluate human performance and cognitive processes of decision makers within the virtual environment? We expect that virtual environments should facilitate sharing ideas, information and strategies among team members to achieve situation awareness and effective decision-making. This paper will discuss ways to evaluate performance in virtual environments and the critical role that immersive 3D environments will play in future ship designs. C1 [Masakowski, Yvonne R.; Aguiar, Steven K.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Masakowski, YR (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-19756-7 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2011 VL 5897 BP 107 EP 118 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDB27 UT WOS:000312439100007 ER PT S AU Romanyukha, A Trompier, F AF Romanyukha, Alex Trompier, Francois BE Rosenfeld, AB Kron, T DErrico, F Moscovitch, M TI Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Retrospective Dosimetry SO CONCEPTS AND TRENDS IN MEDICAL RADIATION DOSIMETRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY SEP 15-18, 2010 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Wollongong, Ctr Med Rad Phys, Int Solid State Dosimetry Org DE Retrospective dosimetry; EPR; ESR; tooth enamel; fingernails; radiation dose ID EPR DOSE RECONSTRUCTION; RADIATION ACCIDENT DOSIMETRY; HUMAN TOOTH ENAMEL; IONIZING-RADIATION; FINGERNAILS; BIODOSIMETRY; SPECTROMETRY; DEPENDENCE; EXPOSURES; CARBONATE AB Necessity for, principles of, and general concepts of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) retrospective dosimetry are presented. Also presented and given in details are examples of EPR retrospective dosimetry applications in tooth enamel, bone, and fingernails with focus on general approaches for solving technical and methodological problems. Advantages, drawbacks, and possible future developments are discussed and an extensive bibliography on EPR retrospective dosimetry is provided. C1 [Romanyukha, Alex; Trompier, Francois] USN, Dosimetty Ctr, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Romanyukha, A (reprint author), USN, Dosimetty Ctr, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. OI TROMPIER, Francois/0000-0002-8776-6572 NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0901-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1345 BP 120 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3576162 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BVL91 UT WOS:000291848200007 ER PT S AU Benevides, LA Hintenlang, DE AF Benevides, Luis A. Hintenlang, David E. BE Rosenfeld, AB Kron, T DErrico, F Moscovitch, M TI Dosimetry in Mammography: Average Glandular Dose Based on Homogeneous Phantom SO CONCEPTS AND TRENDS IN MEDICAL RADIATION DOSIMETRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY SEP 15-18, 2010 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Wollongong, Ctr Med Rad Phys, Int Solid State Dosimetry Org DE Mammography; AGD; Breast Glandular Dose; breast density ID RADIATION; TISSUE; RISKS AB The objective of this study was to demonstrate that a clinical dosimetry protocol that utilizes a dosimetric breast phantom series based on population anthropometric measurements can reliably predict the average glandular dose (AGD) imparted to the patient during a routine screening mammogram. AGD was calculated using entrance skin exposure and dose conversion factors based on fibroglandular content, compressed breast thickness, mammography unit parameters and modifying parameters for homogeneous phantom (phantom factor), compressed breast lateral dimensions (volume factor) and anatomical features (anatomical factor). The patient fibroglandular content was evaluated using a calibrated modified breast tissue equivalent homogeneous phantom series (BRTES-MOD) designed from anthropomorphic measurements of a screening mammography population and whose elemental composition was referenced to International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements Report 44 and 46 tissues. The patient fibroglandular content, compressed breast thickness along with unit parameters and spectrum half-value layer were used to derive the currently used dose conversion factor (DgN). The study showed that the use of a homogeneous phantom, patient compressed breast lateral dimensions and patient anatomical features can affect AGD by as much as 12%, 3% and 1%, respectively. The protocol was found to be superior to existing methodologies. The clinical dosimetry protocol developed in this study can reliably predict the AGD imparted to an individual patient during a routine screening mammogram. C1 [Benevides, Luis A.; Hintenlang, David E.] USN, Sea Syst Command, 1333 Isaac Hull Ave, Washington Navy Yard, DC 20376 USA. RP Benevides, LA (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command, 1333 Isaac Hull Ave, Washington Navy Yard, DC 20376 USA. EM Benevidesl@aol.com; dhinten@ufl.edu FU U.S. Navy Institutional Review Board [2004.0052]; Health Center Institutional Review Board [220-2004]; U.S. Department of Energy, Nuclear Engineering Education Grant Program [DOE-DE-PS07-02ID14200] FX The A Critical Evaluation of Breast Tissue Composition in Screening Mammography population study was reviewed and approved by the U.S. Navy Institutional Review Board (2004.0052) and the Health Center Institutional Review Board (220-2004) at the University of Florida. The population study was conducted in accordance with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 standards. The dissertation was partially supported by a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy, Nuclear Engineering Education Grant Program, DOE-DE-PS07-02ID14200. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0901-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1345 BP 231 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3576170 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BVL91 UT WOS:000291848200015 ER PT S AU Fulton, J Nicholson, G AF Fulton, Jack Nicholson, Gail BE Thomas, JT Desjardins, DD Guell, JJ Bernier, KL TI Display Technology Gaps used with Electro-Optic Sensors SO DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS V AND ENHANCED AND SYNTHETIC VISION 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics V/Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2011 CY APR 25-26, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE technology gaps; electro-optic sensor; display AB With the ever-increasing dependency on technology in theater, the amount of information that the Warfighter must monitor and process increases as well. With such a large surge of data, the method of information portrayal is critical. Gaps exist between the Electro-Optic sensor information and the optimal display to view that information. An assessment was completed to capture the military display technology gaps by Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) Crane Division's Electro-Optic Technology Division for many DoD Electro-Optic (EO) systems. The results of these gaps have been compiled along with predictions of when or if these gaps will be filled based on commercial market trends. C1 [Fulton, Jack] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Electroopt Div, Secur Sensors Branch, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Fulton, J (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Electroopt Div, Secur Sensors Branch, 300 HWY 261, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-616-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8042 AR 80420O DI 10.1117/12.887108 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BVQ76 UT WOS:000292308100019 ER PT S AU Nicholson, G AF Nicholson, Gail BE Thomas, JT Desjardins, DD Guell, JJ Bernier, KL TI Alternatives to flat panel displays in vehicle turrets SO DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS V AND ENHANCED AND SYNTHETIC VISION 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics V/Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2011 CY APR 25-26, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE flat panel display; alternative; vehicle turret; vibration; ring mount; military AB Space is a premium in vehicle turrets. Reducing the footprint of displays inside turrets frees up space for the warfighter. Traditional military ruggedized flat panel displays cannot reside flush with the curved turret wall and consumes more space than their advertized size. The lack of turret space also makes balancing human factors difficult. To better meet the Warfighter needs, alternatives and incremental upgrades to the flat panel displays in turrets were compiled. Each alternative technology was assessed against the constraints of a turret. Benefits, issues, and predictions to implementation are summarized. Viable alternatives are being developed into suitable options. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Electroopt Displays & Peripherals Branch, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Nicholson, G (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Electroopt Displays & Peripherals Branch, 300 HWY 361, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-616-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8042 AR 80420C DI 10.1117/12.887079 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BVQ76 UT WOS:000292308100008 ER PT S AU Nicholson, G AF Nicholson, Gail BE Thomas, JT Desjardins, DD Guell, JJ Bernier, KL TI Head-mounted display (HMD) assessment for tracked vehicles SO DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS V AND ENHANCED AND SYNTHETIC VISION 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics V/Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2011 CY APR 25-26, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE HMD; tracked vehicle; vibration AB Providing the warfighter with Head or Helmet Mounted Displays (HMDs) while in tracked vehicles provides a means to visually maintain access to systems information while in a high vibration environment. The high vibration and unique environment of military tracked and turreted vehicles impact the ability to distinctly see certain information on an HMD, especially small font size or graphics and information that requires long fixation (staring), rather than a brief or peripheral glance. The military and commercial use of HMDs was compiled from market research, market trends, and user feedback. Lessons learned from previous military and commercial use of HMD products were derived to determine the feasibility of HMDs use in the high vibration and the unique environments of tracked vehicles. The results are summarized into factors that determine HMD features which must be specified for successful implementation. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Electroopt Displays & Peripherals Branch, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Nicholson, G (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Electroopt Displays & Peripherals Branch, 300 HWY 361, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-616-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8042 AR 80420I DI 10.1117/12.887102 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BVQ76 UT WOS:000292308100013 ER PT B AU Mabry, TJ AF Mabry, Tristan James BE Mabry, TJ McGarry, J Moore, M OLeary, B TI Forked Tongues: The Language Politics of Divided Nations SO DIVIDED NATIONS AND EUROPEAN INTEGRATION SE National and Ethnic Conflict in the 21st Century LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. RP Mabry, TJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3905 SPRUCE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA BN 978-0-8122-4497-7 J9 NATL ETHN CONFL 21ST PY 2011 BP 55 EP 88 PG 34 WC Ethnic Studies; Political Science SC Ethnic Studies; Government & Law GA BFO38 UT WOS:000320735600003 ER PT S AU Hou, WL Kanaev, A Woods, S AF Hou, Weilin (Will) Kanaev, Andrey Woods, Sarah BE Huckridge, DA Ebert, RR TI Assessing EO image degradation from underwater optical turbulence in natural waters SO ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS: TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems - Technology and Applications VIII CY SEP 21-22, 2011 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE ID POLARIZATION; VISIBILITY AB It is a well-known fact that the major degradation source on EO imaging underwater is from scattering by the medium itself and the constituents within, namely particles of various origins and sizes. Recent research indicates that under certain conditions, such degradations could be caused mainly by the variations of index of refraction associated with temperature and salinity micro-structures in the ocean. These would inherently affect the optical signal transmission underwater, which is of vital interest to both civilian and military applications, as they could include diver visibility, search and rescue, mine detection and identification, and optical communication. The impacts from the optical turbulence are yet fully understood, in part due to the challenges associated with parameterization of individual factors. This study presents the initial attempts in quantifying the level of EO image degradation due to optical turbulence in natural waters, in terms of modulation transfer functions, and enhancements using the lucky patch approaches derived from optical flow techniques. Image data collected from natural environments during SOTEX (Skaneateles Optical Turbulence Exercise, July 22-31, 2010) using the Image Measurement Assembly for Subsurface Turbulence (IMAST) are presented. Optical properties of the water column were measured using WETLab's ac-9 and LISST (Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissiometry), in coordination with temperature, conductivity and depth. Turbulence conditions were measured by two different approaches, namely a 3D Doppler based velocimeter with Conductivity/Temperature combo, and a shear based Vertical Microstructure Profiler. C1 [Hou, Weilin (Will); Woods, Sarah] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hou, WL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-813-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8185 AR 81850D DI 10.1117/12.897756 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BXY49 UT WOS:000297622500012 ER PT J AU Kim, HY Freitas, JA Kim, J AF Kim, Hong-Yeol Freitas, Jaime A., Jr. Kim, Jihyun TI Penetration Effects of High-Energy Protons in GaN: A Micro-Raman Spectroscopy Study SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM NITRIDE; N-GAN; SI AB Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to examine changes of the structural and electrical properties of GaN templates submitted to high-energy proton irradiation. The locations of larger structurally damaged regions, for each proton irradiation condition, were determined by monitoring the variations of the quasilongitudinal optical phonon frequency. We observed that protons generated defect clusters, through collisions with lattice atoms, and act as carrier traps. The experimental results showed a reduction of the carrier concentrations around the estimated penetration depths for specific proton energies, which are in good agreement with the numerical simulation results. The proton-induced damage was partially healed by a thermal annealing treatment at 900 degrees C. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3501990] All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Hong-Yeol; Kim, Jihyun] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul, South Korea. [Freitas, Jaime A., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, HY (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul, South Korea. EM hyunhyum7@korea.ac.kr RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 FU Korea University FX The research at Korea University was supported by a Korea University Grant. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2011 VL 14 IS 1 BP II5 EP II8 DI 10.1149/1.3501990 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 681LT UT WOS:000284317600026 ER PT J AU Mushrush, GW Willauer, HD Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT Bauserman, JW AF Mushrush, G. W. Willauer, H. D. Wynne, J. H. Lloyd, C. T. Bauserman, J. W. TI Storage Tank Stability of Soybean-derived Biodiesel SO ENERGY SOURCES PART A-RECOVERY UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS LA English DT Article DE biodiesel; diesel; fuel stability; renewable energy; storage tank AB The petroleum fraction known as middle distillate that is used for transportation purposes consists of diesel, jet fuels. Many agricultural-based oils have been considered and used in petroleum fuel blends or as petroleum replacements. Soybean-derived biofuels have proven to be an excellent substitute for petroleum diesel fuel applications, such as cars, trucks, trains, and ships. However, biofuel replacements have not been studied for long-term storage tank stability. This type of storage stability would involve mixtures with not only biofuel but also water and air. The tank contents would be in constant contact with water bottoms and air because of draw down and refilling of partially empty storage tanks. The results of this study are important because the Department of Defense will be purchasing diesel fuel that contains up to 5% biodiesel. This article examines the storage tank stability, by ASTM method D-5304, of soy-derived biodiesel petroleum blended fuel in an environment of air and dissolved water. C1 [Mushrush, G. W.; Willauer, H. D.; Bauserman, J. W.] USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mushrush, G. W.] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Wynne, J. H.; Lloyd, C. T.] USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bauserman, J. W.] NOVA Res, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Willauer, HD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Code 6180,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM heather.willauer@nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-7036 J9 ENERG SOURCE PART A JI Energy Sources Part A-Recovery Util. Environ. Eff. PY 2011 VL 33 IS 24 BP 2303 EP 2308 DI 10.1080/15567030903530590 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 853HB UT WOS:000297415700009 ER PT B AU Stachura, ME Wood, J Angjellari-Dajci, F Grayson, JM Astapova, EV Tung, HL Sofge, D Lawless, WF AF Stachura, Max E. Wood, Joseph Angjellari-Dajci, Fjorentina Grayson, James M. Astapova, Elena V. Tung, Hui-Lien Sofge, Donald Lawless, W. F. BA CruzCunha, MM Varajao, J BF CruzCunha, MM Varajao, J TI Representing Organizational Conservation of Information: A Review of Telemedicine and E-Health in Georgia SO ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT: ORGANIZATIONAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The authors review a model of the conservation of information (COI) applied to organizations. Following this review, the authors briefly review the mathematics in support of this model and its implications for the development of theory. They apply the model to a review of the status of telemedicine and e-health in Georgia, which they had begun to study last year. After their reviews, the authors discuss future steps and draw conclusions about the model and its benefit to organizational attention and decision-making. C1 [Stachura, Max E.; Astapova, Elena V.] Med Coll Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. [Wood, Joseph] Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Augusta, GA USA. [Angjellari-Dajci, Fjorentina; Tung, Hui-Lien; Lawless, W. F.] Paine Coll, Augusta, GA USA. [Grayson, James M.] Augusta State Univ, Augusta, GA USA. [Sofge, Donald] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stachura, ME (reprint author), Med Coll Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IGI GLOBAL PI HERSEY PA 701 E CHOCOLATE AVE, STE 200, HERSEY, PA 17033-1240 USA BN 978-1-61692-021-0; 978-1-61692-020-3 PY 2011 BP 132 EP 147 DI 10.4018/978-1-61692-020-3.ch009 D2 10.4018/978-1-61692-020-3 PG 16 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BD7RC UT WOS:000363482500010 ER PT S AU O'Sullivan, DW Denzel, JR Prak, DJL AF O'Sullivan, Daniel W. Denzel, Jeffrey R. Prak, Dianne J. Luning BE Chappell, MA Price, CL George, RD TI Photolysis of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene in Seawater: Effect of Salinity and Nitrate Concentration SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY OF EXPLOSIVES AND PROPELLANT COMPOUNDS IN SOILS AND MARINE SYSTEMS: DISTRIBUTED SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION AND REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGIES SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Distribution, Degradation, and Mobility of Explosive and Propellant Compounds CY MAR 22-25, 2009 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP ACS, Div Environm Chem ID PURE WATER; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; WASTE-WATER; IRON METAL; SOLUBILITY; 2,4-DINITROTOLUENE; TNT; EXPLOSIVES; REDUCTION; 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE AB The photolysis rate of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was examined in a variety of natural waters from pure water to a seawater end member. Photolysis experiments were performed using a Suntest CPS+(R) solar simulator equipped with an optical cell holder with eight positions for long-pass cutoff filters ranging from 295 to 495 nm. The rate of disappearance of TNT followed first order kinetics in all water types examined, and occurred at wavelengths less than 320 nm, but not significantly at wavelengths above 395 nm. The rate of photolysis decreased in the order seawater > estuarine water > fresh water > pure water, with the photolysis half-life for each water type at wavelengths less than 320 nm of 70, 120, 200 and 700 minutes, respectively. Changes in ionic strength from fresh to seawater do not account for the observed differences. Photolysis rates of TNT were not affected by the concentration of nitrate over the range expected in natural waters. C1 [O'Sullivan, Daniel W.; Denzel, Jeffrey R.; Prak, Dianne J. Luning] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Sullivan, DW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM osulliva@usna.edu OI O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703 NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2632-6 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2011 VL 1069 BP 157 EP 169 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BDF54 UT WOS:000313022700008 ER PT S AU Montgomery, MT Boyd, TJ Smith, JP Walker, SE Osburn, CL AF Montgomery, Michael T. Boyd, Thomas J. Smith, Joseph P. Walker, Shelby E. Osburn, Christopher L. BE Chappell, MA Price, CL George, RD TI 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Mineralization and Incorporation by Natural Bacterial Assemblages in Coastal Ecosystems SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY OF EXPLOSIVES AND PROPELLANT COMPOUNDS IN SOILS AND MARINE SYSTEMS: DISTRIBUTED SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION AND REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGIES SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Distribution, Degradation, and Mobility of Explosive and Propellant Compounds CY MAR 22-25, 2009 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP ACS, Div Environm Chem ID BASIDIOMYCETE PHLEBIA-RADIATA; MARINE ROSEOBACTER LINEAGE; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; CONTAMINATED SOILS; ORGANIC-MATTER; RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS; PATUXENT RIVER; TNT; DEGRADATION; TRANSFORMATION AB Because of logistical and technical challenges to studying energetics in coastal environments, lab and terrestrial data are often extrapolated to aquatic field sites. We found measurable TNT mineralization rates from natural microbial assemblages in several coastal ecosystems unlikely to have a history of exposure to energetics. During nine sampling events in coastal waterways from 2002 to 2010, we measured TNT mineralization rates in surface sediment and water samples that were often the same order of magnitude as the rate of total heterotrophic bacterial metabolism. These rates were often similar to those of other organic compounds that are transient in natural ecosystems such as petroleum hydrocarbons and amino acids - due to their use in bacterial metabolism. C1 [Montgomery, Michael T.; Boyd, Thomas J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Montgomery, MT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.montgomery@nrl.navy.mil OI Osburn, Christopher/0000-0002-9334-4202 NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2632-6 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2011 VL 1069 BP 171 EP 184 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BDF54 UT WOS:000313022700009 ER PT J AU Tremblay, PL Summers, ZM Glaven, RH Nevin, KP Zengler, K Barrett, CL Qiu, Y Palsson, BO Lovley, DR AF Tremblay, Pier-Luc Summers, Zarath M. Glaven, Richard H. Nevin, Kelly P. Zengler, Karsten Barrett, Christian L. Qiu, Yu Palsson, Bernhard O. Lovley, Derek R. TI A c-type cytochrome and a transcriptional regulator responsible for enhanced extracellular electron transfer in Geobacter sulfurreducens revealed by adaptive evolution SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID URANIUM-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; METAL-REDUCING MICROORGANISM; INSOLUBLE FE(III) OXIDE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE-EXPRESSION; ORGANIC-MATTER; REDUCTION; ACETATE; GENOME; METALLIREDUCENS AB P>The stimulation of subsurface microbial metabolism often associated with engineered bioremediation of groundwater contaminants presents subsurface microorganisms, which are adapted for slow growth and metabolism in the subsurface, with new selective pressures. In order to better understand how Geobacter species might adapt to selective pressure for faster metal reduction in the subsurface, Geobacter sulfurreducens was put under selective pressure for rapid Fe(III) oxide reduction. The genomes of two resultant strains with rates of Fe(III) oxide reduction that were 10-fold higher than those of the parent strain were resequenced. Both strains contain either a single base-pair change or a 1 nucleotide insertion in a GEMM riboswitch upstream of GSU1761, a gene coding for the periplasmic c-type cytochrome designated PgcA. GSU1771, a gene coding for a SARP regulator, was also mutated in both strains. Introduction of either of the GEMM riboswitch mutations upstream of pgcA in the wild-type increased the abundance of pgcA transcripts, consistent with increased expression of pgcA in the adapted strains. One of the mutations doubled the rate of Fe(III) oxide reduction. Interruption of GSU1771 doubled the Fe(III) oxide reduction rate. This was associated with an increased in expression of pilA, the gene encoding the structural protein for the pili thought to function as microbial nanowires. The combination of the GSU1771 interruption with either of the pgcA mutations resulted in a strain that reduced Fe(III) as fast as the comparable adapted strain. These results suggest that the accumulation of a small number of beneficial mutations under selective pressure, similar to that potentially present during bioremediation, can greatly enhance the capacity for Fe(III) oxide reduction in G. sulfurreducens. Furthermore, the results emphasize the importance of the c-type cytochrome PgcA and pili in Fe(III) oxide reduction and demonstrate how adaptive evolution studies can aid in the elucidation of complex mechanisms, such as extracellular electron transfer. C1 [Tremblay, Pier-Luc; Summers, Zarath M.; Nevin, Kelly P.; Lovley, Derek R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Glaven, Richard H.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC USA. [Zengler, Karsten; Barrett, Christian L.; Qiu, Yu; Palsson, Bernhard O.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Bioengn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Tremblay, PL (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM pierluct@nre.umass.edu OI Zengler, Karsten/0000-0002-8062-3296 FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-FC02-02ER63446] FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC02-02ER63446. NR 63 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 13 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02302.x PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 702EE UT WOS:000285876600002 PM 20636372 ER PT S AU Harper-Leatherman, AS Wallace, JM Rolison, DR AF Harper-Leatherman, Amanda S. Wallace, Jean Marie Rolison, Debra R. BE Minteer, SD TI Cytochrome c Stabilization and Immobilization in Aerogels SO ENZYME STABILIZATION AND IMMOBILIZATION: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Cytochrome c; Aerogel; Gold nanoparticle; Ultraviolet Visible; TEM; Nitric oxide ID SILICA NANOARCHITECTURES; SUPERSTRUCTURES; GOLD; SENSORS; SURFACE; OXYGEN; GAS AB Sol gel-derived aerogels are three-dimensional, nanoscale materials that combine large surface areas and high porosities. These traits make them useful for any rate-critical chemical process, particularly sensing or electrochemical applications, once physical or chemical moieties are incorporated into the gels to add their functionality into the ultraporous scaffold. Incorporating biomolecules into aerogels has been challenging due to the inability of most biomolecules to remain structurally intact within the gels during the necessary supercritical fluid processing. However, the heme protein cytochrome c (cyt. c) forms self-organized superstructures around gold (or silver) nanoparticles in buffer that can be encapsulated within silica and processed to form aerogels in which cyt. c retains its characteristic visible absorption. The gold (or silver) nanoparticle-nucleated superstructures protect the majority of the protein from the harsh physicochemical conditions necessary to form an aerogel. The Au similar to cyt. c superstructures exhibit rapid gas-phase recognition of nitric oxide (NO) within the aerogel matrix, as facilitated by the high-quality pore structure of the aerogel, and remain viable for weeks at room temperature. C1 [Harper-Leatherman, Amanda S.] Fairfield Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA. [Wallace, Jean Marie] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. [Rolison, Debra R.] USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Harper-Leatherman, AS (reprint author), Fairfield Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-60761-894-2 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2011 VL 679 BP 193 EP 205 DI 10.1007/978-1-60761-895-9_16 D2 10.1007/978-1-60761-895-9 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BRG13 UT WOS:000282661900016 PM 20865398 ER PT J AU Shykoff, BE Warkander, DE AF Shykoff, Barbara E. Warkander, Dan E. TI Physiologically acceptable resistance of an air purifying respirator SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE work of breathing; resistance; respirator; respiratory protective device; testing standards ID BREATHING RESISTANCE; EXERCISE PERFORMANCE; APPARATUS; WORK; FLOW AB Physiologically acceptable limits of inspiratory impediment for air purifying respirators (APRs) were sought. Measurements on 30 subjects included pressure in, and flow through, an APR, and respiratory and cardiovascular variables. Exercise with and without APR included ladder climbing, load lift and transfer, incremental running and endurance running, with endurance at 85% peak oxygen uptake. Resistance that did not alter minute ventilation ((V)over dot(E)) was judged acceptable long-term. Acceptable short-term impediments were deduced from end exercise conditions. Proposed long-term limits are inspiratory work of breathing per tidal volume (WOBi/V-T) <= 0.9 kPa and peak inspiratory pressure (P-i peak) <= 1.2 kPa. Proposed short-term limits are: for (V)over dot(E) <= 110 L min(-1), WOBi/V-T <= 1.3 kPa and P-i peak <= 1.8 kPa; and for (V)over dot(E) > 130 L min(-1), WOBi/V-T <= 1.6 kPa. A design relation among (V)over dot(E), pressure-flow coefficients of an APR, and WOBi/V-T is proposed. C1 [Shykoff, Barbara E.; Warkander, Dan E.] USN, Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Shykoff, BE (reprint author), USN, Expt Diving Unit, 321 Bullfinch Rd, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. EM barbara.shykoff.ca@navy.mil FU Joint Science and Technology Office (JSTO) of the US Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA); Navy Surface Warfare Center Panama City FX This work was sponsored by the Joint Science and Technology Office (JSTO) of the US Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) as part of a project at Navy Surface Warfare Center Panama City. It would have been impossible without the committed sailors of NEDU, and difficult without the involvement of our task leaders HM1 Donika Winters and HM1 Charissa Duff. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PY 2011 VL 54 IS 12 BP 1186 EP 1196 DI 10.1080/00140139.2011.624198 PG 11 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 887KL UT WOS:000299926200006 PM 22103726 ER PT J AU Kim, M Ku, B Chung, D Shin, H Han, DK Ko, H AF Kim, Minjae Ku, Bonhwa Chung, Daesung Shin, Hyunhak Han, David K. Ko, Hanseok TI Robust video super resolution algorithm using measurement validation method and scene change detection SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID SUPERRESOLUTION RECONSTRUCTION; MOTION ESTIMATION; IMAGE AB Explicit motion estimation is considered a major factor in the performance of classical motion-based super resolution (SR) algorithms. To reconstruct video frames sequentially, we applied a dynamic SR algorithm based on the Kalman recursive estimator. Our approach includes a novel measurement validation process to attain robust image reconstruction results under inexplicit motion estimation. In our method, the suitability for high-resolution pixel estimation is determined by the accuracy of motion estimation. We measured the accuracy of the image registration result using the Mahalanobis distance between the input low-resolution frame and the motion compensated high-resolution estimation. We also incorporate an effective scene change detection method dedicated to the proposed SR approach for minimizing erroneous results when abrupt scene changes occur in the video frames. According to the ratio of well-aligned pixels (i.e., motion is compensated accurately) to the total number of pixels, we are able to detect sudden changes of scene and context in the input video. Representative experiments on synthetic and real video data show robust performance of the proposed algorithm in terms of its reconstruction quality even with errors in the estimated motion. C1 [Kim, Minjae; Ku, Bonhwa; Chung, Daesung; Shin, Hyunhak; Ko, Hanseok] Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Han, David K.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Ko, H (reprint author), Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. EM hsko@korea.ac.kr FU Seoul RBD Program [WR080951] FX This research was supported by the Seoul R&BD Program (WR080951). NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1687-6180 J9 EURASIP J ADV SIG PR JI EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. PY 2011 AR 103 DI 10.1186/1687-6180-2011-103 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 884II UT WOS:000299697700001 ER PT J AU Papanicolaou, NC Christov, CI Jordan, PM AF Papanicolaou, N. C. Christov, C. I. Jordan, P. M. TI The influence of thermal relaxation on the oscillatory properties of two-gradient convection in a vertical slot SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MECHANICS B-FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE Maxwell-Cattaneo law; Two-gradient convection; Beam functions; Straughan number ID GRAVITY MODULATION; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; NATURAL-CONVECTION; HEAT-CONDUCTION; BEAM FUNCTIONS; INSTABILITY; WAVES; FORMULATION; JITTER; FLUID AB We study the effects of the Maxwell-Cattaneo (MC) law of heat conduction on the flow of a Newtonian fluid in a vertical slot subject to both vertical and horizontal temperature gradients. Working in one spatial dimension (1D), we employ a spectral expansion involving Rayleigh's beam functions as the basis set, which are especially well-suited to the fourth order boundary value problem (b.v.p.) considered here, and the stability of the resulting dynamical system for the Galerkin coefficients is investigated. It is shown that the absolute value of the (negative) real parts of the eigenvalues are reduced, while the absolute values of the imaginary parts are somewhat increased, under the MC law. This means that the presence of the time derivative of the heat flux increases the order of the system, thus leading to more oscillatory regimes in comparison with the usual Fourier case. Moreover, no eigenvalues with positive real parts were found, which means that in this particular situation, the inclusion of thermal relaxation does not lead to destabilization of the motion. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Jordan, P. M.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Papanicolaou, N. C.] Univ Nicosia, Dept Comp Sci, CY-1700 Nicosia, Cyprus. [Christov, C. I.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Math, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Christov, Christo/C-1081-2008 FU ASEF/ONR; ONR/NRL [PE 061153N] FX The work of C.I.C. was supported, in part, by an 2009 ASEF/ONR Summer Faculty Fellowship. C.I.C. gratefully acknowledges the hospitality of Dr. Stanley A. Chin-Bing, and the members of his research group, during his stay at the US Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, USA. P.M.J. was supported by ONR/NRL funding (PE 061153N). NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 4 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0997-7546 J9 EUR J MECH B-FLUID JI Eur. J. Mech. B-Fluids PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 BP 68 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.euromechflu.2010.09.003 PG 8 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 702OY UT WOS:000285905200008 ER PT J AU Petersen, K Waterman, P AF Petersen, Kyle Waterman, Paige TI Prophylaxis and treatment of infections associated with penetrating traumatic injury SO EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY LA English DT Review DE antibiotic; anti-infective agents; gunshot; infection; penetrating; prophylaxis; trauma; wounds ID OPERATION-ENDURING-FREEDOM; COMBAT-RELATED INJURIES; IN-VITRO ELUTION; PRACTICE MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES; INCREASED RESOURCE UTILIZATION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; OF-THE-LITERATURE; ABDOMINAL-TRAUMA; ANTIBIOTIC-THERAPY; TUBE THORACOSTOMY AB Accidents or violence can result in penetrating trauma in the adult population. Contaminated penetrating foreign bodies introduced at the time of wounding cause infection, especially high velocity projectiles, which result in cavitation. Surgical debridement reduces potential infection; however, perioperative antibiotics are usually indicated owing to studies demonstrating high rates of sepsis in the pre-antibiotic era. Trauma-associated pathogens include Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic pathogens. Antibiotic resistance is increasing, and several recent panels have sought to develop guidelines for perioperative prevention and empiric treatment of infection to limit usage and reduce selective pressure for resistance. We review infections of the CNS, thorax, abdomen and extremities following penetrating trauma injury, as well as the data supporting a reasonable antimicrobial approach. C1 [Petersen, Kyle] USN, Med Res Ctr, Undersea Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Waterman, Paige] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Wound Infect, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Petersen, K (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Undersea Med Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM kyle.petersen@med.navy.mil NR 141 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU EXPERT REVIEWS PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1478-7210 EI 1744-8336 J9 EXPERT REV ANTI-INFE JI Expert Rev. Anti-Infect. Ther. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 9 IS 1 BP 81 EP 96 DI 10.1586/ERI.10.155 PG 16 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 742VW UT WOS:000288974400015 PM 21171880 ER PT S AU Shaw, LB Gattass, RR Sanghera, J Aggarwal, I AF Shaw, L. Brandon Gattass, Rafael R. Sanghera, Jas Aggarwal, Ishwar BE Dawson, JW Honea, EC TI All-Fiber Mid-IR Supercontinuum Source from 1.5 to 5 mu m SO FIBER LASERS VIII: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers VIII - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 24-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A/S, Fianium Ltd, PolarOnyx Inc DE IR supecontinuum; IR fiber; nonlinear fiber ID GENERATION; BANDWIDTH AB An all-fiber supercontinuum source extending from 1.5 to 5 mu m has been demonstrated in single-mode step-index As2S3 fiber using a Raman shifted erbium doped mode-locked silica fiber laser pump source. 140 mW broadband power was demonstrated with a spectral intensity variation of 10 dB from 1.9 to 4.4 mu m and 20 dB from 1.65 to 4.78 mu m. C1 [Shaw, L. Brandon; Gattass, Rafael R.; Sanghera, Jas; Aggarwal, Ishwar] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Shaw, LB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5620, Washington, DC USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-451-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7914 AR 79140P DI 10.1117/12.877772 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYA86 UT WOS:000297791600021 ER PT S AU Cranch, GA Miller, GA Kirkendall, CK AF Cranch, G. A. Miller, G. A. Kirkendall, C. K. BE Mihailov, SJ Du, HH Pickrell, G Wang, A Mendez, A Udd, E TI Fiber laser sensors: Enabling the next generation of miniaturized, wideband marine sensors SO FIBER OPTIC SENSORS AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Fiber Optic Sensors and Applications VIII CY APR 28-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE fiber laser sensor; strain; pressure; acoustics; hydrophone; vector sensor; magnetic field; magnetometer; interferometry; cantilever ID NOISE; ARRAY; DEMODULATION; HYDROPHONE; AMPLIFIER AB Fiber laser strain sensors achieve fundamentally limited strain resolution, resulting in their ability to resolve axial fiber displacements at the sub-femtometer level. This ultra-high resolution enables the development of miniaturized sensors capable of achieving the performance necessary for high resolution marine sensing. The reduction in size also facilitates an increased operating bandwidth for broadband acoustic transducers. The last decade has seen considerable development of this technology, moving it from a laboratory curiosity to deployable demonstrations. Significant advances have been made in understanding the fundamental properties of erbium fiber laser strain sensors as well as laser multiplexing, signal demodulation and sensor design. This talk will describe the basic properties of fiber laser strain sensors and show how the technical challenges involved in developing deployable, multiplexed arrays of miniature transducers have been overcome. In particular the development of miniature wideband hydrophones, low power DC magnetometers with sub-nT resolution and miniature acoustic vector sensors will be described. Finally, a view towards potential future applications of this technology will be given. C1 [Cranch, G. A.; Miller, G. A.; Kirkendall, C. K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cranch, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM geoff.cranch@nrl.navy.mil NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-602-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8028 AR 80280I DI 10.1117/12.887541 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BVP18 UT WOS:000292155500013 ER PT S AU Cohn, J AF Cohn, Joseph BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Challenges and Solutions with Augmented Cognition Technologies: Precursor Issues to Successful Integration SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION: DIRECTING THE FUTURE OF ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition (FAC) Held as Part of 14th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) CY JUL 09-14, 2011 CL Orlando, FL DE Neuroscience; Cognition; Autonomy; Human Systems; Information Processing; Adaptive; Cognitive Architecture ID HUMAN BRAIN ACTIVITY; COMPLEX COGNITION; HUMAN OPERATOR; FMRI; OSCILLATIONS; SYSTEM; SYNCHRONY; IMAGES; MODELS; STATES AB Today's combat environment requires increasingly complex interactions between human operators and their systems. Whereas in the past, the roles of human and system were clearly delineated, with the integration of advanced technologies into the C4ISR toolkit, the distinct parsing of tasks has given way to paradigms in which the human operator's roles and responsibilities must dynamically change according to task and context. Yet, current methodologies for integrating the human into the system have not kept pace with this shift. An important consequence of this mismatch between human operator and system is that failures often lead to catastrophic and unrecoverable accidents (O'Connor & Cohn, 2010). In order to reintegrate the human element back into the system, new approaches for representing operator performance, in terms of their individual cognitive and behavioral capacities, limitations and changing needs are required. C1 Off Naval Res, Human & Bioengn Syst Div, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Cohn, J (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Human & Bioengn Syst Div, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM joseph.cohn@navy.mil NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-21851-4 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2011 VL 6780 BP 23 EP 29 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDB81 UT WOS:000312501400003 ER PT S AU Grubb, J Cohn, J AF Grubb, Jeff Cohn, Joseph BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI The Evolution of Human Systems: A Brief Overview SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION: DIRECTING THE FUTURE OF ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition (FAC) Held as Part of 14th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) CY JUL 09-14, 2011 CL Orlando, FL DE Neuroscience; Cognition; Automation; Human Systems; Cognitive Model ID INFORMATION CAPACITY; BRAIN ACTIVITY; HUMAN OPERATOR; AUTOMATION; DECISION; STATES AB Recently, there has been a profound resurgence interest in expanding the effectiveness of human machine systems. The motivation for this interest stems not only from the growing realization that better designed systems - tailored to augment their user's innate skills and capabilities - will enable users to 'do more', but also from the fact that the world with which we interact is becoming increasingly reliant on machines. In the past, the human machine interface was bridged through engineering based principles, but, with our expanding understanding of how the human brain drives behavior it is now possible to consider, as never before, human machine design efforts that fully address human and machine needs at the same time. C1 [Grubb, Jeff] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Cohn, Joseph] Off Naval Res, Human & Bioengn Syst Div, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP Grubb, J (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM FLjeff.grubb@navy.mil; joseph.cohn@navy.mil NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-21851-4 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2011 VL 6780 BP 60 EP 66 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDB81 UT WOS:000312501400008 ER PT S AU Campbell, GE Belz, CL Scott, CPR Luu, P AF Campbell, Gwendolyn E. Belz, Christine L. Scott, Charles P. R. Phan Luu BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI EEG Knows Best: Predicting Future Performance Problems for Targeted Training SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION: DIRECTING THE FUTURE OF ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition (FAC) Held as Part of 14th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) CY JUL 09-14, 2011 CL Orlando, FL DE electroencephalography; training; neurophysiology ID SYSTEM AB Many uses for neurophysiological data in training have been proposed in the literature [6], [10], and [11]. However, to date it has not been demonstrated that the use of EEG yields performance diagnoses that are actually more accurate. The current study investigated the capability of EEG to accurately diagnose performance difficulties by examining the predictive ability of an accurate diagnosis on future performance. The data from this study suggests that using EEG to filter a trainee's performance data prior to analysis on a computer based tank identification task yields a more accurate diagnosis than analyzing the data with the traditional statistical methods. C1 [Campbell, Gwendolyn E.; Belz, Christine L.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Code 4651,12350 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Scott, Charles P. R.] Kaegan Corp, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Phan Luu] Elect Geodes Inc, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Campbell, GE (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Code 4651,12350 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM Gwendolyn.Campbell@navy.mil; Christine.Belz@navy.mil; CScott@Kaegan.com; PLuu@EGI.com NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-21851-4 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2011 VL 6780 BP 131 EP 136 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDB81 UT WOS:000312501400016 ER PT S AU Tognoli, E Kovacs, AJ Suutari, B Afergan, D Coyne, J Gibson, G Stripling, R Kelso, JAS AF Tognoli, E. Kovacs, A. J. Suutari, B. Afergan, D. Coyne, J. Gibson, G. Stripling, R. Kelso, J. A. S. BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Behavioral and Brain Dynamics of Team Coordination Part I: Task Design SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION: DIRECTING THE FUTURE OF ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition (FAC) Held as Part of 14th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) CY JUL 09-14, 2011 CL Orlando, FL DE Neuromarkers; EEG; neurobehavioral dynamics; social behavior; complexity ID SOCIAL COORDINATION AB In this study, pairs of subjects performed a team-intensive task with the shared goal of clearing a virtual room from threats. Our goal was to identify signatures of efficient team work from a dynamic analysis of both subjects' brain signals and behavioral performance. An ecologically valid task of room clearing was designed and a novel analysis framework was developed to address the challenge of understanding complex, continuous social processes at both behavioral and brain levels. In the present paper, we detail the design of the task, and present validation techniques undertaken to acquire and analyze high-quality and accurately timed neurobehavioral information. A companion paper will discuss the neurobehavioral findings and their implications. C1 [Tognoli, E.; Kovacs, A. J.; Suutari, B.; Kelso, J. A. S.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Complex Syst & Brain Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Afergan, D.; Coyne, J.; Gibson, G.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Afergan, D.] Strategic Anal Inc, Arlington, VA USA. [Stripling, R.] Naval Res, Arlington, VA USA. [Kelso, J. A. S.] Univ Ulster, Intelligent Syst Res Ctr, Derry, North Ireland. RP Tognoli, E (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Complex Syst & Brain Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. EM tognoli@ccs.fau.edu; kovacs@ccs.fau.edu; suutari@ccs.fau.edu; dafergan@sainc.com; coyne@itd.nrl.navy.mil; gibson@itd.nrl.navy.mil; roy.stripling@navy.mil; kelso@ccs.fau.edu FU US Office of Naval Research [N000140510117]; NIMH [MH080838]; NSF [BCS0826897]; Davimos Family Endowment for Excellence in Science FX The technical support of William McLean is acknowledged. This work is supported by the US Office of Naval Research Contract N000140510117. JASK and ET are also supported by NIMH Grant MH080838, NSF Grant BCS0826897 and the Davimos Family Endowment for Excellence in Science. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-21851-4 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2011 VL 6780 BP 257 EP 264 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDB81 UT WOS:000312501400032 ER PT S AU Tognoli, E Kovacs, AJ Suutari, B Afergan, D Coyne, J Gibson, G Stripling, R Kelso, JAS AF Tognoli, E. Kovacs, A. J. Suutari, B. Afergan, D. Coyne, J. Gibson, G. Stripling, R. Kelso, J. A. S. BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Behavioral and Brain Dynamics of Team Coordination Part II: Neurobehavioral Performance SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION: DIRECTING THE FUTURE OF ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition (FAC) Held as Part of 14th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) CY JUL 09-14, 2011 CL Orlando, FL DE Neuromarkers; EEG; neurobehavioral dynamics; social behavior; complexity ID SOCIAL COORDINATION; METASTABILITY; COMPLEX AB In this study, pairs of subjects performed a team-intensive task with the shared goal of clearing a virtual room from threats. The neurobehavioral dynamics of both subjects was analyzed to identify signatures of efficient team work. An ecologically valid task of room clearing was designed and a novel analysis framework was developed to address the challenge of understanding complex, continuous social processes at both behavioral and brain levels. A companion paper detailed the design of the neurobehavioral task and its associated dynamical analysis framework. In this paper, we present candidate neuromarkers for efficient room clearing and discuss key theoretical issues relating to successful team coordination. C1 [Tognoli, E.; Kovacs, A. J.; Suutari, B.; Kelso, J. A. S.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Complex Syst & Brain Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Afergan, D.; Coyne, J.; Gibson, G.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Afergan, D.] Strategic Anal Inc, Arlington, VA USA. [Stripling, R.] Naval Res, Arlington, VA USA. [Kelso, J. A. S.] Univ Ulster, Intelligent Syst Res Ctr, Derry, North Ireland. RP Tognoli, E (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Complex Syst & Brain Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. EM tognoli@ccs.fau.edu; kovacs@ccs.fau.edu; suutari@ccs.fau.edu; dafergan@sainc.com; coyne@itd.nrl.navy.mil; gibson@itd.nrl.navy.mil; roy.stripling@navy.mil; kelso@ccs.fau.edu FU US Office of Naval Research [N000140510117]; NIMH Grant [MH080838]; NSF [BCS0826897]; Davimos Family Endowment for Excellence in Science FX The technical support of William McLean is acknowledged. This work is supported by the US Office of Naval Research Contract N000140510117. JASK and ET are also supported by NIMH Grant MH080838, NSF Grant BCS0826897 and the Davimos Family Endowment for Excellence in Science. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-21851-4 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2011 VL 6780 BP 376 EP 382 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDB81 UT WOS:000312501400044 ER PT S AU Coyne, J Sibley, C Baldwin, C AF Coyne, Joseph Sibley, Ciara Baldwin, Carryl BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Ongoing Efforts towards Developing a Physiologically Driven Training System SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION: DIRECTING THE FUTURE OF ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition (FAC) Held as Part of 14th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) CY JUL 09-14, 2011 CL Orlando, FL DE Augmented Cognition; Pupil Diameter; Training; Workload ID MENTAL WORKLOAD; WORKING-MEMORY; TASK; ENGAGEMENT; INDEXES AB There have been a number of successes of real-time application of physiological measures in operational environments such as with the control of remotely piloted vehicles (RPV). More recently, similar techniques have been investigated within the context of improving learning. A major challenge of the learning environment is that an individual's ability to perform the task, and thus their workload experienced during the task, are constantly changing. Cognitive Load Theory provides insight into how workload interacts with learning. One aspect of this theory is that as information is learned it reduces working memory demands. This paper discusses results from an RPV training study investigating the effects of workload and learning on pupil diameter. Specifically, pupil diameter decreased overtime as the task difficulty was held constant, and increased as new information was presented. The results of these studies are discussed in terms of how they can be used in a physiologically driven adaptive training system. C1 [Coyne, Joseph; Sibley, Ciara] USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Baldwin, Carryl] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Coyne, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Joseph.Coyne@nrl.navy.mil; Ciara.Sibley@nrl.navy.mil; cbalwi4@gmu.edu FU Office of Naval Research's Human Performance Training and Education Program [N0001410WX20539] FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research's Human Performance Training and Education Program Grant number: N0001410WX20539. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-21851-4 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2011 VL 6780 BP 404 EP 412 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDB81 UT WOS:000312501400047 ER PT S AU Luqi Jacoby, G AF Luqi Jacoby, Grant BE Calinescu, R Jackson, E TI Testing Adaptive Probabilistic Software Components in Cyber Systems SO FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE: MODELING, DEVELOPMENT, AND VERIFICATION OF ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Monterey Workshop CY MAR 31-APR 02, 2010 CL Microsoft Res Redmond, Redmond, WA SP NSF, ONR, AFOSR, ARO, DARPA, Microsoft HO Microsoft Res Redmond C1 [Luqi] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Jacoby, Grant] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Luqi (reprint author), US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-21292-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2011 VL 6662 BP 228 EP 238 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG7ZE UT WOS:000392099900013 ER PT S AU Burris, HR Ferraro, MS Freeman, W Goetz, PG Mahon, R Moore, CI Murphy, JL Overfield, J Rabinovich, WS Smith, WR Suite, MR Thomas, LM Xu, BB AF Burris, H. R. Ferraro, M. S. Freeman, W. Goetz, P. G. Mahon, R. Moore, C. I. Murphy, J. L. Overfield, J. Rabinovich, W. S. Smith, W. R. Suite, M. R. Thomas, L. M. Xu, B. B. BE Hemmati, H TI TACTICAL NETWORK DEMONSTRATION WITH FREE SPACE LASERCOMM SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXIII CY JAN 26-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE free space lasercomm; tactical network; modulating retroreflector; Trident Spectre; Empire Challenge AB As military sensors and systems become more sophisticated, tactical situations will require reliable, high data rate communications. The current RF communication systems are increasingly competing for the limited amount of RF spectrum and bandwidth. One possible way to augment the current RF communication systems is by the use of free space lasercomm in tactical networks for links in which direct line of sight is possible. Free space lasercomm has been demonstrated over horizontal distances greater than 10 nautical miles and at data rates greater than 1 gigabit/sec. Lasercomm links do not require any RF frequency allocation, nor do they have an RF signature. They are inherently low probability of intercept and detection and they are very difficult to jam due to the very narrow divergence of the communication beams and the very narrow acceptance angle of the receivers.(1-6) The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has demonstrated the use of free space lasercomm in tactical networks at Trident Spectre 2009 and Empire Challenge 2010. This paper will discuss these lasercomm demonstrations and present packet error rate test data captured at both. C1 [Burris, H. R.; Ferraro, M. S.; Goetz, P. G.; Mahon, R.; Moore, C. I.; Murphy, J. L.; Overfield, J.; Rabinovich, W. S.; Smith, W. R.; Suite, M. R.; Thomas, L. M.; Xu, B. B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Burris, HR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8123,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8460-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7923 AR 792305 DI 10.1117/12.879476 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYC55 UT WOS:000297975300003 ER PT S AU Santiago, F Font, CO Wilcox, CC Martinez, T Myers, S Duperre, JA Andrews, JR Restaino, SR Gilbreath, C Payne, D AF Santiago, Freddie Font, Carlos O. Wilcox, Christopher C. Martinez, Ty Myers, Stephen Duperre, Joseph A., III Andrews, Jonathan R. Restaino, Sergio R. Gilbreath, Charmaine Payne, Don BE Hemmati, H TI Study on the implementation of spatial light modulator liquid crystal device atmospheric simulator for short wavelength infrared applications SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXIII CY JAN 26-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE AB The use of Spatial Light Modulators (SLM), Liquid Crystal Devices for atmospheric turbulence simulation in optical system has increased in the recent years. These devices allow the development of test-beds that can be used to simulate, analyze and improve optical components or systems in a controlled laboratory environment before further implementation on the field. Most research has been performed at visible wavelengths with the use of a vast array of atmospheric turbulence simulation algorithms. We present preliminary work on an atmospheric simulation test bed which uses an algorithm developed at NRL with a transmissive high definition Liquid Crystal Device SLMs for applications in the short-wavelength infrared,with the main focus of interested at 1550nm. Preliminary results are shown for the application to a high definition reflective Liquid Crystal Device SLM for the same wavelength. C1 [Santiago, Freddie; Wilcox, Christopher C.; Martinez, Ty; Andrews, Jonathan R.; Restaino, Sergio R.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Santiago, F (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7126,3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM freddie.santiago@kirtland.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8460-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7923 AR 79230R DI 10.1117/12.875469 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYC55 UT WOS:000297975300022 ER PT J AU Overfield, N Mahoney, MW Steel, R Babb, J Menon, S McNelley, TR AF Overfield, Norman Mahoney, Murray W. Steel, Russell Babb, Jon Menon, Sarath McNelley, Terry R. BE Mishra, R Mahoney, MW Sato, Y Hovanski, Y Verma, R TI FRICTION STIR WELDING (FSW) OF A HARDENABLE ALLOY STEEL IN 'DRY' AND 'WET' ENVIRONMENTS SO FRICTION STIR WELDING AND PROCESSING VI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Friction Stir Welding and Processing VI held during 140th TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 27-MAR 03, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Mat Proc & Mfg Div, Shaping & Forming Comm DE Hardenable steel; friction stir processing; underwater welding ID HIGH-CARBON STEEL AB Recent advances in FSW tool material and design will facilitate numerous applications of this solid-state joining technology to steels. A single W-Re-CBN tool was used to conduct a series of bead-on-plate FSW traverses, approximately 1.5m in total length, on 6.3mm thick plates of a hardenable alloy steel. The first series of traverses involved various RPM/IPM combinations and a dry plate. A second series was carried out while a plate was immersed in water in order to assess potential for inducing hydrogen assisted cracking (HAC) during FSW of susceptible alloys. All traverses were defect-free. The FSW nuggets exhibited refined microstructures and increased hardness relative to the base plate. The influence of FSW parameters on nugget microstructure and mechanical properties will be summarized. C1 [Overfield, Norman; Mahoney, Murray W.; Steel, Russell; Babb, Jon; Menon, Sarath; McNelley, Terry R.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Overfield, N (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-11800-201-8 PY 2011 BP 59 EP 64 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BIC59 UT WOS:000327403500008 ER PT J AU Menon, SK England, CJ McNelley, TR AF Menon, Sarath K. England, Carolyn J. McNelley, Terry R. BE Mishra, R Mahoney, MW Sato, Y Hovanski, Y Verma, R TI Evolution of Stir Zone Microstructure during FSP of Cast NiAl Bronze SO FRICTION STIR WELDING AND PROCESSING VI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Friction Stir Welding and Processing VI held during 140th TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 27-MAR 03, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Mat Proc & Mfg Div, Shaping & Forming Comm DE NiAl Bronze; Friction Stir Processing; As-Cast; Stir Zone Microstructures ID NICKEL-ALUMINUM BRONZE; PHASES AB The evolution of the stir zone microstructure during single-pass and multi-pass FSP of an as-cast NiAl bronze material was evaluated by optical and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods, including orientation imaging microscopy (OIM). Deformation commences ahead of the tool as the local temperature exceeds the eutectoid temperature (approximate to 800 degrees C) while subsequent recrystallization in the primary alpha is accompanied by dissolution of kappa(iv) particles dispersed in this constituent. The recrystallized alpha grains remain equiaxed and appear annealed despite large displacements onward into the resulting stir zone (SZ). Characteristic shear texture components are retained in the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) but the texture of the primary alpha becomes random after recrystallization and remains so into both single-pass and multi-pass SZs. Mechanisms to account for recrystallization and subsequent deformation are proposed. C1 [Menon, Sarath K.; England, Carolyn J.; McNelley, Terry R.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Menon, SK (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-11800-201-8 PY 2011 BP 89 EP 95 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BIC59 UT WOS:000327403500012 ER PT J AU Goodman, GP DeZee, KJ Rob, BP Waterman, BR Belmont, PJ AF Goodman, Gens P. DeZee, Kent J. Burks, Rob Waterman, Brian R. Belmont, Philip J., Jr. TI Epidemiology of psychiatric disorders sustained by a U.S. Army brigade combat team during the Iraq War SO GENERAL HOSPITAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Military; Psychiatry disorders; Disease and nonbattle injury ID MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM; US-ARMY; INJURY MODEL; PRIMARY-CARE; MILITARY; DISEASE; AFGHANISTAN; DIAGNOSES; PREVALENCE AB Objective: This study was designed to describe the epidemiology of psychiatric illnesses experienced by soldiers in a combat environment, which has been previously underreported. Methods: A U.S. Army brigade combat team deployed to Iraq during the Iraq War "Troop Surge" was followed by reviewing unit casualty rosters and electronic medical records for psychiatric diagnoses made by treating providers. The main outcome was the incidence rates of psychiatric disease and nonbattle injury (DNBI). Results: Of the 4122 soldiers deployed, there were 308 psychiatric DNBI casualties (59.8 per 1000 soldier combat-years), which represented 23% of all DNBIs and was second only to musculoskeletal injuries (50% of all DNBI). Most psychiatric DNBI (88%) were treated in theater and returned to duty, 11% were medically evacuated and 1% died. Junior enlisted soldiers, compared with junior officers, and women, compared with men, were at a significantly increased risk for becoming a psychiatric DNBI casualty (77.3 vs. 32.2 per 1000 combat-years, P<.002 and 110.8 vs. 55.4 per 1000 combat-years P<.05, respectively). Conclusions: Psychiatric diagnoses are second only to musculoskeletal injuries as a cause for DNBIs sustained in the current combat environment. Most can be treated in theater and permit soldiers to return to duty. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Belmont, Philip J., Jr.] William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg & Rehabil, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. [DeZee, Kent J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Burks, Rob] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Belmont, PJ (reprint author), William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg & Rehabil, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. EM gens.goodman@us.army.mil; kent.dezee@us.army.mil; robert.burks@usma.edu; brian.r.waterman@us.army.mil; philip.belmont@us.army.mil RI Burks, Robert/J-2481-2015; OI Burks, Robert/0000-0001-6443-6653; Belmont, Philip/0000-0003-2618-199X NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0163-8343 J9 GEN HOSP PSYCHIAT JI Gen. Hosp. Psych. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 33 IS 1 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.10.007 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 727FL UT WOS:000287782900008 PM 21353128 ER PT J AU Vance, GA Niederhauser, A Chauhan, SP Magann, EF Dahlke, JD Muraskas, JK Morrison, JC AF Vance, Gregory A. Niederhauser, Amy Chauhan, Suneet P. Magann, Everett F. Dahlke, Joshua D. Muraskas, Jonathan K. Morrison, John C. TI Does the International Classification of Disease (ICD-9) Code Accurately Identify Neonates Who Clinically Have Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy? SO GYNECOLOGIC AND OBSTETRIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy; ICD-9 codes; Intrapartum asphyxia ID INTRAPARTUM ASPHYXIA; CEREBRAL-PALSY AB Background/Aims: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) refers to neonatal neurological signs and symptoms of hypoxia and/or ischemia. Our aim was to determine the accuracy of ICD-9 codes to identify newborns with HIE confirmed by umbilical cord blood analysis. Methods: ICD-9 codes in the newborn chart for birth trauma, birth asphyxia, intrauterine hypoxia, and fetal distress were used to identify newborns with suspected HIE by neonatal personnel. Maternal charts were reviewed for umbilical cord gases meeting the HIE clinical criteria. Results: There were 21,008 deliveries at center I and 17,540 at center II. ICD-9 codes identified 172 neonates, 49 infants (2.3% births) at center I and 123 neonates (7%) at center II. Only 3 neonates (6%) were >= 34 weeks and none met ACOG criteria [umbilical artery pH < 7.00 or base excess (BE) >= 12 mmol/l at center I]. At center II, 80 infants were >= 34 weeks but only 5/123 (4%) met the ACOG clinical criteria for HIE ( pH < 7.00, BE >= 12 mmol/ l, and Apgar <= 3 at 5 min). Conclusions: ICD-9 codes are unreliable in identifying birth asphyxia and cannot identify newborns meeting the clinical criteria for intrapartum HIE. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Vance, Gregory A.; Morrison, John C.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Niederhauser, Amy; Magann, Everett F.; Dahlke, Joshua D.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Chauhan, Suneet P.] Aurora Womens Pavil Maternal Fetal Med, W Allis, WI USA. [Muraskas, Jonathan K.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Div Neonatal Perinatal Med, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. RP Magann, EF (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept OB GYN, 4301 W Markham St,Slot 518, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. EM efmagann@uams.edu NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7346 J9 GYNECOL OBSTET INVES JI Gynecol.Obstet.Invest. PY 2011 VL 71 IS 3 BP 202 EP 206 DI 10.1159/000318204 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 754XF UT WOS:000289890400011 PM 21160147 ER PT B AU Pissis, P Kyritsis, A Fragiadakis, D AF Pissis, Polycarpos Kyritsis, Apostolos Fragiadakis, Daniel BE Boudenne, A Ibos, L Candau, Y Thomas, S TI Dielectric Spectroscopy and Thermally Stimulated Depolarization Current Analysis of Multiphase Polymer Systems SO HANDBOOK OF MULTIPHASE POLYMER SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-2 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; SOLID-STATE NMR; GLASS-TRANSITION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; RELAXATION SPECTROSCOPY; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE)/SILICA NANOCOMPOSITES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; CARBON NANOTUBES; BLENDS C1 [Pissis, Polycarpos; Kyritsis, Apostolos] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Athens, Greece. [Fragiadakis, Daniel] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Pissis, P (reprint author), Natl Tech Univ Athens, Athens, Greece. NR 104 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 978-1-119-97203-7; 978-0-470-71420-1 PY 2011 BP 479 EP 517 D2 10.1002/9781119972020 PG 39 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BA8XK UT WOS:000339006700013 ER PT S AU Manley, R Gallagher, DG Hughes, WW Holmes, CG AF Manley, Richard Gallagher, Dennis G. Hughes, William W. Holmes, Charles G. BE Marasco, PL Havig, PR TI Mask mounted display (MMD) design considerations for diver operating environment SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XVI: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XVI - Design and Applications CY APR 28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB Military and public safety divers work in a unique and extreme operational environment; characterized by high turbidity and zero visibility. To help conduct underwater securit and search/recovery missions special sensors are used. These include imaging sonar, underwater navigation systems, mapping devices, and enhanced underwater video. A visual display system is the necessary means of providing this sensor information to the diver. Unfortunately, handheld displays or displays built into the sensor are virtually useless in the environment characterized by zero visibility. "Near-to-eye" display systems incorporating micro display technology and its associated optics provide a workable solution. While a step in the right direction these "near-to-eye" systems - whether developed for commercial or military applications - have been designed for land-based (or "topside") environments, and fall far short when simply adapted to a dive mask. A diver operating underwater with a dive mask in zero visibility presents a unique challenge combining requirements for small physical size, light weight, large eye-relief (stand-off distance), high data content, and minimum power. The following paper describes the successful design of such a system from the perspective of the diver's operating environment. The resultant system is a light-weight, binocular, mask-mounted visual display that allows for extended stand-off distance (eye relief), requires no interpupillary or focus adjustments, and provides high data content color information regardless of ambient visibility conditions. C1 [Manley, Richard; Gallagher, Dennis G.; Hughes, William W.; Holmes, Charles G.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Grp S3D, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Manley, R (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Grp S3D, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-615-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8041 AR 80410L DI 10.1117/12.884667 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BVO18 UT WOS:000292033000020 ER PT J AU Guth, PL AF Guth, P. L. TI Drainage basin morphometry: a global snapshot from the shuttle radar topography mission SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB A suite of 42 morphometric parameters for each of 26 272 drainage basins larger than 100 km(2) from the Hydrosheds Shuttle Radar Topography digital elevation model shows the global distribution of Strahler order for streams and drainage basins. At the scale of 15 arc s spacing (232 to 464 m) the largest basins are order 9. Many common parameters depend both on the size of the basin, and the scale of the digital elevation model used for the computations. These drainage basins display the typical longitudinal stream profiles, but the major basins tend to be generally more concave than the smaller basins. C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Guth, PL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM pguth@usna.edu NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2011 VL 15 IS 7 BP 2091 EP 2099 DI 10.5194/hess-15-2091-2011 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 799EW UT WOS:000293268200003 ER PT J AU Svec, L Freeman, D Kuyk, T AF Svec, Leedjia Freeman, Dave Kuyk, Tom TI Modeling spectral alteration and color vision performance SO I-PERCEPTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Svec, Leedjia] US Navy, Naval Med Res Unit, Washington, DC USA. [Freeman, Dave] Henry Jackson Fdn, Bethesda, MD USA. EM leedjia.svec@brooks.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 2041-6695 J9 I-PERCEPTION JI I-Perception PY 2011 VL 2 IS 4 BP 293 EP 293 PG 1 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA V32HF UT WOS:000208941600091 ER PT B AU Sofge, DA Lawless, WF AF Sofge, Donald A. Lawless, William F. BE Filipe, J Fred, A TI QUORUM SENSING FOR COLLECTIVE ACTION AND DECISION-MAKING IN MOBILE AUTONOMOUS TEAMS SO ICAART 2011: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGENTS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence CY JAN 28-30, 2011 CL Rome, ITALY SP Inst Syst & Technol Informat Control & Commun DE Autonomous; Multi-agent team; Ensemble; Quorum sensing; Collective; Bio-inspired control; Swarm ID COLONY; OPTIMIZATION; SWARMS AB Design of controllers for teams of mobile autonomous systems presents many challenges that have been addressed in biological systems, such as behavior-based control paradigms that are decentralized, distributed, scalable, and robust. Quorum sensing is a distributed, decentralized decision-making process used by bacteria and by social insects to coordinate group behaviors and perform complex tasks. It is used by bacteria to control the colony behavior for a variety of functions, such as biofilm construction or initiating pathogenicity inside a host. It is used by social insects including the ant Temnothorax albipennis to collectively evaluate and select from amongst potentially many new nesting sites. Honeybees (Apis mellifera) use quorum sensing to collectively choose a new nesting site when the swarm grows too large and needs to split. It is shown that the quorum sensing paradigm may be used to provide robust decentralized team coordination and collective decision-making in mobile autonomous teams performing complex tasks. In this effort quorum sensing-inspired techniques are developed and applied to the design of a decentralized controller for a team of mobile autonomous agents surveying a field containing buried landmines. C1 [Sofge, Donald A.] Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lawless, William F.] Paine Coll, Augusta, GA USA. RP Sofge, DA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM donald.sofge@nrl.navy.mil; wlawless@paine.edu FU US Department of Defense, Office of Naval Research FX This work was performed at the Naval Research Laboratory and was funded by the US Department of Defense, Office of Naval Research under the project titled Heterogeneous Perceptual Sensor Swarms for Landmine Detection. The views, positions and conclusions expressed herein reflect only the authors' opinions and expressly do not reflect those of the US Department of Defense, Office of Naval Research, or the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INSTICC-INST SYST TECHNOLOGIES INFORMATION CONTROL & COMMUNICATION PI SETUBAL PA AVENIDA D MANUEL L, 27A 2 ESQUERDO, SETUBAL, 2910-595, PORTUGAL BN 978-989-8425-40-9 PY 2011 BP 195 EP 204 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BG8JP UT WOS:000392352700025 ER PT J AU Eckermann, SD Ma, J Zhu, X AF Eckermann, Stephen D. Ma, Jun Zhu, Xun TI Scale-dependent infrared radiative damping rates on Mars and their role in the deposition of gravity-wave momentum flux SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, Atmosphere; Mars, Climate; Atmospheres, Dynamics; Radiative transfer; Aeronomy ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; NONLOCAL THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM; CURTIS MATRIX INTERPOLATION; BAND COOLING RATES; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE; PLANETARY-ATMOSPHERES; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; LEE WAVES; PARAMETERIZATION AB Using a Curtis-matrix model of 15 mu m CO2 radiative cooling rates for the martian atmosphere, we have computed vertical scale-dependent IR radiative damping rates from 0 to 200 km altitude over a broad band of vertical wavenumbers broken vertical bar m broken vertical bar = 2 pi(1-500 km)(-1) for representative meteorological conditions at 40 degrees N and average levels of solar activity and dust loading. In the middle atmosphere, infrared (IR) radiative damping rates increase with decreasing vertical scale and peak in excess of 30 days(-1) at similar to 50-80 km altitude, before gradually transitioning to scale-independent rates above similar to 100 km due to breakdown of local thermodynamic equilibrium. We incorporate these computed IR radiative damping rates into a linear anelastic gravity-wave model to assess the impact of IR radiative damping, relative to wave breaking and molecular viscosity, in the dissipation of gravity-wave momentum flux. The model results indicate that IR radiative damping is the dominant process in dissipating gravity-wave momentum fluxes at similar to 0-50 km altitude, and is the dominant process at all altitudes for gravity waves with vertical wavelengths less than or similar to 10-15 km. Wave breaking becomes dominant at higher altitudes only for "fast" waves of short horizontal and long vertical wavelengths. Molecular viscosity plays a negligible role in overall momentum flux deposition. Our results provide compelling evidence that IR radiative damping is a major, and often dominant physical process controlling the dissipation of gravity-wave momentum fluxes on Mars, and therefore should be incorporated into future parameterizaiions of gravity-wave drag within Mars GCMs. Lookup tables for doing so, based on the current computations, are provided. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Eckermann, Stephen D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ma, Jun] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Zhu, Xun] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Eckermann, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7646,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stephen.eckermann@nrl.navy.mil; jma@cpi.corn; xun.zhu@jhuapl.edu RI Zhu, Xun/C-2097-2016 OI Zhu, Xun/0000-0001-7860-6430 FU Office of Naval Research, through the Naval Research Laboratory 61 work unit FX This research was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research, through the Naval Research Laboratory 61 work unit "Subgridscale Dynamics of Middle and Upper Atmospheres." NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 429 EP 442 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.10.029 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600029 ER PT B AU Elele, J Hall, D AF Elele, James Hall, David BE Callaos, N Savoie, M Siddique, M Zinn, CD TI Risk-based VV&A Assessment and Mitigation: A Naval Network Security System Test Facility Case Study SO ICT&A 2011/DEMSET 2011: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS / INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DESIGN AND MODELING IN SCIENCE, EDUCATION, AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Int Conf on Information and Communication Technologies and Applications / Int Conf on Design and Modeling in Science, Education, and Technology CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & Syst DE Model; Simulation; Risk Assessment; Verification; Validation; Accreditation; Risk Mitigation C1 [Elele, James] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Hall, David] SURVICE Engn Co, Ridgecrest, CA USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-936338-45-0 PY 2011 BP 107 EP 114 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG8PB UT WOS:000392562500021 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL AF Lee, Jong-Sen Ainsworth, Thomas L. TI The Effect of Orientation Angle Compensation on Coherency Matrix and Polarimetric Target Decompositions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP IEEE DE Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR); radar polarimetry; target decomposition ID SAR DATA; SCATTERING MODEL; CLASSIFICATION; SYMMETRY; IMAGES AB The polarization orientation angle (OA) of the scattering media affects the polarimetric radar signatures. This paper investigates the effects of orientation compensation on the coherency matrix and the scattering-model-based decompositions by Freeman-Durden and Yamaguchi et al. The Cloude and Pottier decomposition is excluded, because entropy, anisotropy, and alpha angle are roll invariant. We will show that, after orientation compensation, the volume scattering power is consistently decreased, while the double-bounce power has increased. The surface scattering power is relatively unchanged, and the helicity power is roll invariant. All of these characteristics can be explained by the compensation effect on the nine elements of the coherency matrix. In particular, after compensation, the real part of the (HH - VV) . HV* correlation reduces to zero, the intensity of cross-pol |HV| always reduces, and |HH - VV| always increases. This analysis also reveals that the common perception that OA compensation would make a reflection asymmetrical medium completely reflection symmetric is incorrect and that, contrary to the general perception, the four-component decomposition does not use the complete information of the coherency matrix. Only six quantities are included-one more than the Freeman-Durden decomposition, which explicitly assumes refection symmetry. C1 [Lee, Jong-Sen; Ainsworth, Thomas L.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jong_sen_lee@yahoo.com; ainsworth@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 111 Z9 132 U1 1 U2 24 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 53 EP 64 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2048333 PN 1 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 701SZ UT WOS:000285845000006 ER PT B AU Mastro, M AF Mastro, Michael BE Li, T Mastro, M Dadgar, A TI Fundamentals and the Future of Semiconductor Device Technology SO III-V COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS: INTEGRATION WITH SILICON-BASED MICROELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; GALLIUM NITRIDE; BAND-GAP; ALGAN/GAN; INN; PERFORMANCE; EQUATION; STRESS; STRAIN C1 US Naval Res Lab, Lab Adv Mat Synth, Power Elect Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mastro, M (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Lab Adv Mat Synth, Power Elect Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-1523-6; 978-1-4398-1522-9 PY 2011 BP 3 EP 49 PG 47 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC6UR UT WOS:000354493800002 ER PT J AU Khan, FH AF Khan, Feroz Hassan BE Davis, ZS TI PAKISTAN'S NUCLEAR FORCE POSTURE AND THE 2001-2002 MILITARY STANDOFF SO INDIA-PAKISTAN MILITARY STANDOFF: CRISIS AND ESCALATION IN SOUTH ASIA SE Initiatives in Strategic Studies-Issues and Policies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter RP Khan, FH (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-23011-876-8 J9 INITIAT STRATEG STUD PY 2011 BP 127 EP 140 D2 10.1057/9780230118768 PG 14 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BWU33 UT WOS:000294866200006 ER PT J AU Hutchins, SG Kendall, T AF Hutchins, Susan G. Kendall, Tony BE Mosier, KL Fischer, UM TI The Role of Cognition in Team Collaboration During Complex Problem Solving SO INFORMED BY KNOWLEDGE: EXPERT PERFORMANCE IN COMPLEX SITUATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM) CY JUN 03-06, 2007 CL Pacific Grove, CA C1 [Hutchins, Susan G.; Kendall, Tony] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hutchins, SG (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-13694-511-3 PY 2011 BP 69 EP 89 PG 21 WC Engineering, Industrial; Psychology, Applied SC Engineering; Psychology GA BG9BI UT WOS:000392974000005 ER PT J AU Kirschenbaum, SS AF Kirschenbaum, Susan S. BE Mosier, KL Fischer, UM TI Expertise in the Submarine Domain The Impact of Explicit Display on the Interpretation of Uncertainty SO INFORMED BY KNOWLEDGE: EXPERT PERFORMANCE IN COMPLEX SITUATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM) CY JUN 03-06, 2007 CL Pacific Grove, CA ID INFORMATION C1 [Kirschenbaum, Susan S.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Kirschenbaum, SS (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-13694-511-3 PY 2011 BP 189 EP 199 PG 11 WC Engineering, Industrial; Psychology, Applied SC Engineering; Psychology GA BG9BI UT WOS:000392974000012 ER PT S AU Rodriguez, A Kang, JU Huang, Y AF Rodriguez, Abner Kang, Jin U. Huang, Yong BE LeVanPaul, D Sood, AK Wijewarnasuriya, PS Razeghi, M Vizcaino, JLP Sudharsanan, R Ulmer, MP Manzur, T TI Real-time 4D non-invasive subsurface corrosion inspection using ultrahigh-speed, Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography SO INFRARED SENSORS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS AND SINGLE PHOTON IMAGING II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications and Single Photon Imaging II CY AUG 22-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE OCT; Corrosion; Tomography; Inspection; Real Time AB We will show how optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used as a tool for non-destructive testing and evaluation of painted metallic materials. This technique is particularly suited for highly scattering material due to the gated nature of OCT. C1 [Rodriguez, Abner] USN, Surface & Warfare Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Rodriguez, A (reprint author), USN, Surface & Warfare Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. EM abner.rodriguez@navy.mil; jkang@jhu.edu RI Kang, Jin/A-3228-2010 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-765-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8155 DI 10.1117/12.894437 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BXF58 UT WOS:000295966100030 ER PT S AU Tan, YW Nam, CH Pace, PE AF Tan, Yean Wee Nam, Chang Ho Pace, Phillip E. BE Broquin, JE Conti, GN TI Effects of Amplitude and Timing Jitter on the Performance of Photonic Sigma-Delta Modulators SO INTEGRATED OPTICS: DEVICES, MATERIALS, AND TECHNOLOGIES XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Optics - Devices, Materials, and Technologies XV CY JAN 24-26, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Sigma-delta; Time jitter; Amplitude jitter; Oversampling AB Photonic sigma-delta modulators can directly digitize wideband signals with high resolution directly atthe antenna. In our first-order, single-bit architecture, the antenna signal is applied to a pair of Mach-Zehnder interferometers and oversampled using a CALMAR 10 GS/s mode-locked laser (MLL) with a pulse width of 10 ps. The measurements of the MLL pulse-to-pulse sample time uncertainty (time jitter) and the laser pulse amplitude uncertainty (amplitude jitter) are described. Considering the jitter to be the result of non-uniform random sampling we show that a normal distribution is a good noise model for both jitter mechanisms. The sigma-delta modulator and the decimation filtering process are described. Using asynchronous spectral averaging of the reconstructed signal's magnitude spectrum, an expression for the noise floor without jitter is developed and compared to simulation results as a function of the oversampling ratio (OSR) and record length using a 100 MHz signal bandwidth. The noise floor is then evaluated as a function of the time jitter power and amplitude jitter power for several OSRs. C1 [Tan, Yean Wee; Nam, Chang Ho; Pace, Phillip E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Opt Elect Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tan, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Opt Elect Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-478-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7941 AR 79411B DI 10.1117/12.872762 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA BYD24 UT WOS:000298084600033 ER PT J AU Crognale, MA Krebs, WK AF Crognale, Michael A. Krebs, William K. TI Performance of Helicopter Pilots During Inadvertent Flight Into Instrument Meteorological Conditions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Inadvertent flight into instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) is a major cause of general aviation accidents. However, performance of helicopter pilots during inadvertent IMC encounters has not been investigated. We developed objective methods to quantify helicopter pilot effort and performance and applied these to simulated flight into IMC. Results showed strong effects of visibility and weaker effects of altitude and airspeed. The analyses revealed important information regarding the relationships among visibility, altitude, airspeed, aircraft performance, and pilot effort. Short training sessions produced significant performance improvements. The methods developed for quantifying pilot effort and performance can be applied to myriad investigations of pilot performance. C1 [Crognale, Michael A.] Univ Nevada Reno, Dept Psychol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Krebs, William K.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Crognale, MA (reprint author), Univ Nevada Reno, Dept Psychol, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM mikro@unr.edu RI Crognale, Michael/K-4462-2012 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 235 EP 253 DI 10.1080/10508414.2011.582443 PG 19 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 885HU UT WOS:000299770400002 ER PT J AU Randall, WS Nowicki, DR Hawkins, TG AF Randall, Wesley S. Nowicki, David R. Hawkins, Timothy G. TI Explaining the effectiveness of performance-based logistics: a quantitative examination SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Logistics management; Leadership; Performance-based logistics; Investment climate; Sustainment; Outcome-based contracting; Post-production support; Logistics; Supportability ID SERVICE-DOMINANT LOGIC; MARKET ORIENTATION; SUPPLY CHAIN; QUALITY; COMMITMENT; CONTRACT; PRIVATE; CLIMATE; MODEL AB Purpose - Performance-based logistics (PBL) strategies are providing governments and for-profit organizations with a contractual mechanism that reduces the life cycle costs of their systems. PBL accomplishes this by establishing contracts that focus on the delivery of performance not parts. PBL establishes a metric based governance structure where suppliers make more profit when they invest in logistics process improvements, or system redesign, that reduces total cost of ownership. While work has been done to outline an overall PBL theoretical framework, the underlying theory explaining the enablers that lead to organizational and team-level, team-goal alignment associated with the PBL governance structure requires testing. The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively test previously posited relationships between enablers of PBL and PBL effectiveness. An additional objective is to explore any differences in PBL effectiveness between different business sectors. Design/methodology/approach - A multiple regression model was developed, tested and validated to explain the effectiveness of PBL. The model was externally validated with exploratory cross-sectional survey data of 61 practitioners. Findings - This study strongly supports recent PBL theory explaining PBL effectiveness. Key antecedents include investment climate, relational exchange, PBL leadership, and business sector. Further, government organizations lag behind their commercial counterparts in PBL effectiveness and PBL leadership. Practical implications - PBL business arrangements are more effective in more favorable investment climates. Thus, leaders should welcome new ideas, empower employees, and encourage entrepreneurship. Since PBL effectiveness increases with relational exchange, building trust and communicating with suppliers is key. Leadership is also important to PBL effectiveness. Leaders should accept risk, focus on long-term affordability and performance, and align activities to achieve end-user goals. Originality/value - This research is the first quantitative test of previously posited factors affecting PBL effectiveness. Additionally, this research unveils key differences in business sectors' use of PBL strategies. C1 [Randall, Wesley S.] Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Nowicki, David R.] Stevens Inst Technol, Sch Syst & Enterprises, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Hawkins, Timothy G.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Randall, WS (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM Wesley.randall@unt.edu NR 69 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 48 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4093 J9 INT J LOGIST MANAG JI Int. J. Logist. Manag. PY 2011 VL 22 IS 3 BP 324 EP 348 DI 10.1108/09574091111181354 PG 25 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 876XH UT WOS:000299140600003 ER PT J AU Vecherin, SN Wilson, DK Pettit, CL AF Vecherin, Sergey N. Wilson, D. Keith Pettit, Chris L. TI Optimal sensor placement with signal propagation effects and inhomogeneous coverage preferences SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SENSOR NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE binary linear programming; optimal sensor configuration; sensor placement; sensor networks; sensor location optimisation; distributed sensor networks ID APPROXIMATION ALGORITHMS; SET COVER AB The optimal sensor placement problem consists of determining the number, types, and locations of sensors satisfying inhomogeneous coverage requirements while minimising a specified cost function. The cost function can reflect various factors such as the actual cost of the sensors, their total number, and energy consumption. A strict and general formulation of the problem is described here for sensors characterised by probability of detection at some specified probability of false alarm. The formulation includes non-uniform coverage preferences and realistic, non-line-of-sight detection accounting on signal propagation effects. The optimisation is expressed as a solution to a binary linear programming problem. While exact solution of this problem is typically prohibitive, a fast greedy algorithm is presented that yields a near-optimal solution. It can also be successfully applied to improve coverage of an existing sensor network. This approach compares very favourably to an alternative heuristic strategy based on placing sensors one-by-one in the previously worst-covered location. C1 [Vecherin, Sergey N.; Wilson, D. Keith] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Pettit, Chris L.] USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Vecherin, SN (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Sergey.N.Vecherin@usace.army.mil; D.Keith.Wilson@usace.army.mil; pettitcl@usna.edu RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 FU Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC); Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) FX This work was supported by the Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Environmental Awareness for Sensor Employment (EASE) project. Dr. Vecherin's work was performed under a postgraduate fellowship appointment administrated by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE). NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1748-1279 J9 INT J SENS NETW JI Int. J. Sens. Netw. PY 2011 VL 9 IS 2 BP 107 EP 120 DI 10.1504/IJSNET.2011.038763 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 743KK UT WOS:000289017000005 ER PT J AU Wells, TS Miller, SC Adler, AB Engel, CC Smith, TC Fairbank, JA AF Wells, Timothy S. Miller, Shannon C. Adler, Amy B. Engel, Charles C. Smith, Tyler C. Fairbank, John A. TI Mental health impact of the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts: A review of US research, service provision, and programmatic responses SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER; NATIONAL-GUARD SOLDIERS; WAR VETERANS; PRIMARY-CARE; COMBAT DEPLOYMENT; D-CYCLOSERINE; LONGITUDINAL ASSESSMENT; MILITARY PERSONNEL AB Although documentation that war inflicts psychological casualties dates back to the American Civil War and earlier, most research began after the Vietnam conflict, when studies focused on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). With ongoing conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, there has been significant research to illuminate the epidemiology of war-related psychological casualties. Significant findings include an appreciation for the role combat plays in the development of mental disorders, including PTSD and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recent research has endeavoured to understand and improve psychological resilience to temper potentially adverse mental health effects of military service in the theatre of combat operations. Over 2 million US service members have now deployed and returned over 3 million times to the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. Mental health providers in the Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs healthcare systems have consequently observed steep increases in mental health service use among these personnel. The Departments have responded aggressively to bolster staffing levels, increase capacity, improve available services, and anticipate future needs. Scientists and clinicians continue efforts to understand the determinants, prevention, recognition, and treatment of combat-related mental disorders. C1 [Wells, Timothy S.; Smith, Tyler C.] USN, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Miller, Shannon C.] USAF, Vulnerabil Anal Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Miller, Shannon C.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Miller, Shannon C.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Ctr Treatment Res & Educ Addict Disorders, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Adler, Amy B.] USA, Med Res Unit Europe, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Heidelberg, Germany. [Engel, Charles C.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD USA. [Engel, Charles C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Deployment Hlth Clin Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Fairbank, John A.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Durham, NC USA. [Fairbank, John A.] Mid Atlantic VISN 6 Mental Illness Res Educ & Cli, Durham, NC USA. RP Wells, TS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM timothy.wells@med.navy.mil RI Fairbank, John/F-8972-2013; Schueter, nicos/A-3625-2014 OI Fairbank, John/0000-0003-2604-7256; NR 91 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 21 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0954-0261 J9 INT REV PSYCHIATR JI Int. Rev. Psych. PY 2011 VL 23 IS 2 BP 144 EP 152 DI 10.3109/09540261.2011.558833 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 755PO UT WOS:000289946800004 PM 21521083 ER PT J AU Tadi, M Nandakumaran, AK Sritharan, SS AF Tadi, M. Nandakumaran, A. K. Sritharan, S. S. TI An inverse problem for Helmholtz equation SO INVERSE PROBLEMS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE inverse problem; Helmholtz equation; elliptic system ID OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY; SCATTERING; ALGORITHM; SCHEME AB This article is concerned with subsurface material identification for the 2-D Helmholtz equation. The algorithm is iterative in nature. It assumes an initial guess for the unknown function and obtains corrections to the guessed value. It linearizes the otherwise nonlinear problem around the background field. The background field is the field variable generated using the guessed value of the unknown function at each iteration. Numerical results indicate that the algorithm can recover a close estimate of the unknown function based on the measurements collected at the boundary. C1 [Tadi, M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Nandakumaran, A. K.] Indian Inst Sci, Dept Math, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Sritharan, S. S.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Coll Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tadi, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Campus Box 112,POB 173364, Denver, CO 80217 USA. EM mohsen.tadi@ucdenver.edu OI Sritharan, Sivaguru/0000-0003-2845-332X NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1741-5977 J9 INVERSE PROBL SCI EN JI Inverse Probl. Sci. Eng. PY 2011 VL 19 IS 6 BP 839 EP 854 DI 10.1080/17415977.2011.556705 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 878MK UT WOS:000299261000006 ER PT J AU Romberg, RW Ntamack, AG Blacik, LJ Kazarian, CM Snyder, JJ Welsh, ER AF Romberg, R. W. Ntamack, A. G. Blacik, L. J. Kazarian, C. M. Snyder, J. Jacob Welsh, E. R. TI Differences in Binding Affinities of MDA, MDMA, MDEA, Amphetamine, Methamphetamine, and their Deuterated Analogues to Solid-Phase Extraction Cartridges SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; RAPID SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION; GC-MS; INTERNAL STANDARDS; URINE; 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYETHYLAMPHETAMINE; 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYAMPHETAMINE; MICROEXTRACTION; METABOLITES C1 [Romberg, R. W.; Ntamack, A. G.; Blacik, L. J.; Kazarian, C. M.; Snyder, J. Jacob; Welsh, E. R.] USN, Drug Screening Lab, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Romberg, RW (reprint author), USN, Drug Screening Lab, 320B B St, Great Lakes, IL USA. EM robert.romberg@med.navy.mil NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 6600 W TOUHY AVE, NILES, IL 60714-4588 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 35 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 708HE UT WOS:000286352100003 PM 21219698 ER PT J AU Yang, S Weng, FZ Yan, BH Sun, NH Goldberg, M AF Yang, Song Weng, Fuzhong Yan, Banghua Sun, Ninghai Goldberg, Mitch TI Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) Intersensor Calibration Using a Simultaneous Conical Overpass Technique SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOWER-TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; LATENT HEATING DISTRIBUTIONS; RAIN-PROFILING ALGORITHM; WATER-VAPOR; PART I; PRECIPITATION; TRMM; TRENDS; IMAGER/SOUNDER; UNCERTAINTIES AB A new intersensor calibration scheme is developed for the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) to correct its scan-angle-dependent bias, the radar calibration beacon interference on the F-15 satellite, and other intersensor biases. The intersensor bias is characterized by the simultaneous overpass measurements with the F-13 SSM/I as a reference. This sensor data record (SDR) intersensor calibration procedure is routinely running at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and is now used for reprocessing all SSM/I environmental data records (EDR), including total precipitable water (TPW) and surface precipitation. Results show that this scheme improves the consistency of the monthly SDR's time series from different SSM/I sensors. Relative to the matched rain products from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, the bias of SSM/I monthly precipitation is reduced by 12% after intersensor calibration. TPW biases between sensors are reduced by 75% over the global ocean and 20% over the tropical ocean, respectively. The intersensor calibration reduces biases by 20.6%, 15.7%, and 6.5% for oceanic, land, and global precipitation, respectively. The TPW climate trend is 1.59% decade(-1) (or 0.34 mm decade(-1)) for the global ocean and 1.39% decade(-1) (or 0.63 mm decade(-1)) for the tropical ocean, indicating related trends decrease of 38% and 54%, respectively, from the uncalibrated SDRs. Results demonstrate the large impacts of this calibration on the TPW climate trend. C1 [Yang, Song; Weng, Fuzhong; Yan, Banghua; Sun, Ninghai; Goldberg, Mitch] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Yang, Song; Sun, Ninghai] IM Syst Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Yan, Banghua] Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Yang, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, MS 2,7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM song.yang@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Sun, Ninghai/B-6970-2008; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) FX This study is supported by the NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) CalVal Program. The authors sincerely appreciate the careful editing of this manuscript by Karen Mitchell at NASA/GSFC and Bob Iacovazzi at NOAA/NESDIS. Comments from two anonymous reviewers are appreciated, as they helped to improve the quality of this paper. The manuscript's contents are solely the opinions of the author(s) and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 50 IS 1 BP 77 EP 95 DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2271.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 719QD UT WOS:000287222400005 ER PT J AU Fiorino, ST Randall, RM Bartell, RJ Downs, AD Chu, PC Fan, CW AF Fiorino, Steven T. Randall, Robb M. Bartell, Richard J. Downs, Adam D. Chu, Peter C. Fan, C. W. TI Climate Change: Anticipated Effects on High-Energy Laser Weapon Systems in Maritime Environments SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLOW DECOMPOSITION; AEROSOLS; SPARSE AB This study quantifies the potential impacts on ship-defense high-energy-laser (HEL) performance due to atmospheric effects in the marine boundary layer driven by recent observations and analysis of worldwide sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The atmospheric effects are defined using the worldwide probabilistic climatic database available in the High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS) model, which includes an SST database for the period 1854-1997. A more recent worldwide sea surface temperature database was provided by the Naval Postgraduate School for the period 1990-2008. Mean differences and trends between the two SST databases are used to deduce possible climate change impacts on simulated maritime HEL engagements. The anticipated effects on HEL propagation performance are assessed at an operating wavelength of 1.0642 mu m across the world's oceans and mapped onto a 1 degrees x 1 degrees grid. The scenario evaluated is near surface and nearly horizontal over a range of 5000 m in which anticipated clear-air maritime aerosols occur. Summer and winter scenarios are considered. In addition to realistic vertical profiles of molecular and aerosol absorption and scattering, correlated optical turbulence profiles in probabilistic (percentile) format are used. C1 [Fiorino, Steven T.] USAF, Inst Technol, ENP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chu, Peter C.; Fan, C. W.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Fiorino, ST (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENP, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.fiorino@afit.edu FU USAF QDR Office FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office in development of the underlying models. They also thank Professor Daniel A. Nussbaum in the Operations Research Department at NPS and the USAF QDR Office for funding support. Additionally, the authors are indebted to the insightful comments and suggested improvements offered by two unnamed reviewers. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. government. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 50 IS 1 BP 153 EP 166 DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2482.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 719QD UT WOS:000287222400010 ER PT J AU Felker, CC AF Felker, Craig C. TI The Flyer: British Culture and the Royal Air Force, 1939-1945 SO JOURNAL OF BRITISH STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Felker, Craig C.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Felker, CC (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0021-9371 J9 J BRIT STUD JI J. Br. Stud. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 50 IS 1 BP 220 EP 221 DI 10.1086/656764 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 724CL UT WOS:000287553600036 ER PT J AU Harvey, BG Meylemans, HA AF Harvey, Benjamin G. Meylemans, Heather A. TI The role of butanol in the development of sustainable fuel technologies SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Butanol; renewable jet fuel; biodiesel; sustainable chemistry; biorefinery ID SOLVENT PRODUCTION; TRANSPORTATION FUELS; BIOMASS; BIOFUELS; CONVERSION; ETHANOL; OVEREXPRESSION; FERMENTATION; METABOLISM; MEMBRANE AB OVERVIEW: The development of innovative methods to efficiently convert biomass to fuels and industrial chemicals is one of the grand challenges of the current age. n-Butanol is a versatile and sustainable platform chemical that can be produced from a variety of waste biomass sources. The emergence of new technologies for the production of fuels and chemicals from butanol will allow it to be a significant component of a necessarily dynamic and multifaceted solution to the current global energy crisis. IMPACT: The production of butanol from biomass and its utilization as a precursor to a diverse set of fuel products has the potential to reduce petroleum use worldwide. In concert with other emerging renewable technologies, significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions may be realized. The rapid incorporation of renewables into the world fuel supply may also help to offset predicted increases in transportation fuel prices as the supply of oil declines. APPLICATIONS: Recent work has shown that butanol is a potential gasoline replacement that can also be blended in significant quantities with conventional diesel fuel. These efforts have transitioned to research focused on the development of viable methods for the production of an array of oxygenated and fully saturated jet and diesel fuels from butanol. The technologies discussed in this paper will help drive the commercialization and utilization of a spectrum of butanol based sustainable fuels that can supplement and partially displace conventional petroleum derived fuels. Published 2010 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. C1 [Harvey, Benjamin G.; Meylemans, Heather A.] USN, Naval Air Syst Command NAVAIR, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div NAWCWD,Res Dept,Chem Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Harvey, BG (reprint author), 1900 N Knox Rd,Stop 6303, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM benjamin.g.harvey@navy.mil RI Meylemans, Heather/G-4511-2012 OI Meylemans, Heather/0000-0001-9141-1478 FU Office of Naval Research In-House Laboratory FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Michael Wright for helpful discussions and the Office of Naval Research In-House Laboratory Independent Research Program for funding this work. NR 56 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 5 U2 54 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0268-2575 J9 J CHEM TECHNOL BIOT JI J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 86 IS 1 BP 2 EP 9 DI 10.1002/jctb.2540 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering GA 707MW UT WOS:000286291700002 ER PT J AU Schiehser, DM Delis, DC Filoteo, JV Delano-Wood, L Han, SD Jak, AJ Drake, AI Bondi, MW AF Schiehser, Dawn M. Delis, Dean C. Filoteo, J. Vincent Delano-Wood, Lisa Han, S. Duke Jak, Amy J. Drake, Angela I. Bondi, Mark W. TI Are self-reported symptoms of executive dysfunction associated with objective executive function performance following mild to moderate traumatic brain injury? SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Traumatic brain injury; Neuropsychology; Cognition; Behavior; Depression ID NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST-PERFORMANCE; MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; GULF-WAR VETERANS; HEAD-INJURY; COGNITIVE COMPLAINTS; MILITARY POPULATION; DEFICITS; IMPAIRMENT; PREDICTORS; SOLDIERS AB Background and objective: We examined the relationship between self-reported pre- and post-injury changes in executive dysfunction, apathy, disinhibition, and depression, and performance on neuropsychological tests of executive function, attention/processing speed, and memory in relation to mood levels and effort test performance in individuals in the early stages of recovery from mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). Method: Participants were 71 noncombat military personnel who were in a semiacute stage of recovery (<3 months post injury) from mild to moderate TBI. Pre- and post-TBI behaviors were assessed with the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe; Grace & Malloy, 2001) and correlated with levels of depressive symptoms, effort test performance, and performance on objective measures of attention, executive function, and memory. Results: Self-reported symptoms of executive dysfunction generally failed to predict performance on objective measures of executive function and memory, although they predicted poorer performance on measures of attention/processing speed. Instead, higher levels of depressive symptomatology best predicted poorer performance on measures of executive function and memory. However, the relationship between memory performance and TBI symptoms was no longer significant when effort performance was controlled. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that, among individuals in early recovery from mild to moderate TBI, self-reported depressive symptoms, rather than patients' cognitive complaints, are associated with objective executive function. However, self-reported cognitive complaints may be associated with objectively measured inattention and slow processing speed. C1 [Schiehser, Dawn M.; Delis, Dean C.; Filoteo, J. Vincent; Delano-Wood, Lisa; Jak, Amy J.; Bondi, Mark W.] VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, Psychol Serv, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. [Schiehser, Dawn M.; Delis, Dean C.; Filoteo, J. Vincent; Delano-Wood, Lisa; Jak, Amy J.; Bondi, Mark W.] VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, Psychol Serv, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. [Schiehser, Dawn M.; Delis, Dean C.; Filoteo, J. Vincent; Delano-Wood, Lisa; Jak, Amy J.; Bondi, Mark W.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Delis, Dean C.] VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, Ctr Excellence Stress & Mental Hlth, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. [Han, S. Duke] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Behav Sci, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Drake, Angela I.] USN, Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Neurosci Dept, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Bondi, MW (reprint author), VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, Psychol Serv 116B, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. EM mbondi@ucsd.edu FU Medical Research Service; Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH) of the Department of Veterans Affairs; Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, San Diego, California, USA FX This study was supported by Merit Review Research Programs from the Medical Research Service and the Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH) of the Department of Veterans Affairs (M. W. B. and D. C. D.) and by the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, San Diego, California, USA. The authors gratefully acknowledge the staff, patients, and volunteers at the Naval Medical Center San Diego and the U. S. Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton for their assistance with this study. Dean C. Delis is a coauthor of the D-KEFS (Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System) and the California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition (CVLT-II). There were no other actual or potential conflicts of interest for the authors that could have inappropriately influenced the present work. Subjects were recruited in accordance with Internal Review Board (IRB) approved policies and procedures. Standard ethical and professional guidelines were upheld during the research study and manuscript preparation. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the funding agency, the United States Navy, the United States Marine Corps, the Department of Defense, or the United States Government. NR 52 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1380-3395 J9 J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC JI J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. PY 2011 VL 33 IS 6 BP 704 EP 714 DI 10.1080/13803395.2011.553587 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 882GA UT WOS:000299550100010 PM 21958432 ER PT J AU Petersen, K Cannegieter, SC van der Reijden, TJ Van Strijen, B You, DM Babel, BS Philip, AI Dijkshoorn, L AF Petersen, Kyle Cannegieter, Suzanne C. van der Reijden, Tanny J. Van Strijen, Beppie You, David M. Babel, Britta S. Philip, Andrew I. Dijkshoorn, Lenie TI Diversity and Clinical Impact of Acinetobacter baumannii Colonization and Infection at a Military Medical Center SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; COMBAT CASUALTIES; UNITED-STATES; STRAINS; IRAQ; CARE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CLONE; RESISTANCE; HOSPITALS AB The epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii emerging in combat casualties is poorly understood. We analyzed 65 (54 nonreplicate) Acinetobacter isolates from 48 patients (46 hospitalized and 2 outpatient trainees entering the military) from October 2004 to October 2005 for genotypic similarities, time-space relatedness, and antibiotic susceptibility. Clinical and surveillance cultures were compared by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genomic fingerprinting to each other and to strains of a reference database. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined, and multiplex PCR was performed for OXA-23-like, -24-like, -51-like, and -58-like carbapenemases. Records were reviewed for overlapping hospital stays of the most frequent genotypes, and risk ratios were calculated for any association of genotype with severity of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score or injury severity score (ISS) and previous antibiotic use. Nineteen genotypes were identified; two predominated, one consistent with an emerging novel international clone and the other unique to our database. Both predominant genotypes were carbapenem resistant, were present at another hospital before patients' admission to our facility, and were associated with higher APACHE II scores, higher ISSs, and previous carbapenem antibiotics in comparison with other genotypes. One predominated in wound and respiratory isolates, and the other predominated in wound and skin surveillance samples. Several other genotypes were identified as European clones I to III. Acinetobacter genotypes from recruits upon entry to the military, unlike those in hospitalized patients, did not include carbapenem-resistant genotypes. Acinetobacter species isolated from battlefield casualties are diverse, including genotypes belonging to European clones I to III. Two carbapenem-resistant genotypes were epidemic, one of which appeared to belong to a novel international clone. C1 [Petersen, Kyle; You, David M.; Babel, Britta S.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [van der Reijden, Tanny J.; Van Strijen, Beppie; Dijkshoorn, Lenie] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands. RP Petersen, K (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM kyle.petersen@med.navy.mil NR 42 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 159 EP 166 DI 10.1128/JCM.00766-10 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 701AQ UT WOS:000285787100021 PM 21084513 ER PT J AU Crosby, MI Bradshaw, DA McLay, RN AF Crosby, Mark I. Bradshaw, David A. McLay, Robert N. TI Severe Mania Complicating Treatment of Narcolepsy with Cataplexy SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SLEEP MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Mania; narcolepsy; bipolar disorder; antidepressant; psychostimulant ID BIPOLAR DISORDER; DEPRESSION; MANIA/HYPOMANIA; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; VENLAFAXINE; MODAFINIL AB We report the case of a 22-year-old male who exhibited severe manic behavior shortly after beginning treatment with modafinil and venlafaxine for narcolepsy with cataplexy. The manic episode persisted several weeks after medication cessation and required management with a mood stabilizer. Reinstitution of modafinil and an alternate antidepressant for recurrent sleepiness and cataplexy was well tolerated and very effective. Sleep physicians should be aware that psychostimulants, including modafinil, and antidepressant medications commonly prescribed for treatment of narcolepsy may precipitate mania in patients with underlying bipolar disorder. C1 [Bradshaw, David A.] USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Pulm Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Crosby, Mark I.; McLay, Robert N.] USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Mental Hlth, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Bradshaw, DA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Pulm Med, 34730 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM bradshaw@med.navy.mil NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 1550-9389 J9 J CLIN SLEEP MED JI J. Clin. Sleep Med. PY 2011 VL 7 IS 2 BP 214 EP 216 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 794SS UT WOS:000292922200014 PM 21509339 ER PT J AU Bradshaw, DA Praske, SA AF Bradshaw, David A. Praske, Steven A. TI An Unusual Pattern of CPAP Usage SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SLEEP MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS C1 [Bradshaw, David A.; Praske, Steven A.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pulm, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Bradshaw, DA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pulm, 34730 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 301, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM david.bradshaw@med.navy.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 1550-9389 J9 J CLIN SLEEP MED JI J. Clin. Sleep Med. PY 2011 VL 7 IS 5 BP 557 EP 559 DI 10.5664/JCSM.1334 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 836TF UT WOS:000296134600033 PM 22003354 ER PT J AU Moltz, JC AF Moltz, James Clay TI China, the United States, and Prospects for Asian Space Cooperation SO JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY CHINA LA English DT Article AB With the rapid rise of competitive space activities within Asia, this study examines the prospects for increasing international cooperation. After discussing relevant conceptual issues, it surveys the space policies particularly of China, India, Japan, and South Korea and examines the skewed patterns of cooperation seen at the international, regional, and bilateral levels. It then analyzes the historical, technology, and political factors that have impeded, especially regional, space cooperation in Asia to date. The study concludes that expanded regional space cooperation is an unlikely near-term outcome, but the paper also argues that the risks entailed in the current situation are growing and that US policy initiatives could make a difference in helping to lead countries out of this dead-end. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Moltz, JC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1067-0564 J9 J CONTEMP CHINA JI J. Contemp. China PY 2011 VL 20 IS 68 BP 69 EP 87 AR PII 930908496 DI 10.1080/10670564.2011.520847 PG 19 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 692JY UT WOS:000285150300005 ER PT J AU Hamilton, LJ Cowart, JS Lee, JE Amorosso, RE AF Hamilton, Leonard J. Cowart, Jim S. Lee, Jasen E. Amorosso, Ryan E. TI The Effects of Intake Plenum Volume on the Performance of a Small Naturally Aspirated Restricted Engine SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE automotive engineering; intake systems (machines); internal combustion engines AB Intake tuning is a widely recognized method for optimizing the performance of a naturally aspirated engine for motorsports applications. Wave resonance and Helmholtz theories are useful for predicting the impact of intake runner length on engine performance. However, there is very little information in the literature regarding the effects of intake plenum volume. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of intake plenum volume on steady state and transient engine performance for a restricted naturally aspirated engine for Formula Society of Automotive Engineers (FSAE) vehicle use. Testing was conducted on a four cylinder 600 cc motorcycle engine fitted with a 20 mm restrictor in compliance with FSAE competition rules. Plenum sizes were varied from 2 to 10 times engine displacement (1.2-6.0 l) and engine speeds were varied from 3000 rpm to 12,500 rpm. Performance metrics including volumetric efficiency, torque, and power were recorded at steady state conditions. Experimental results showed that engine performance increased modestly as plenum volume was increased from 2 to 8 times engine displacement (4.8 l). Increasing plenum volume beyond 4.8 l resulted in significant improvement in performance parameters. Overall, peak power was shown to increase from 54 kW to 63 kW over the range of plenums tested. Additionally, transient engine performance was evaluated using extremely fast (60 ms) throttle opening times for the full range of plenum sizes tested. In-cylinder pressure was used to calculate cycle-resolved gross indicated mean effective pressure (IMEPg) development during these transients. Interestingly, the cases with the largest plenum sizes only took 1 to 2 extra cycles (30-60 ms) to achieve maximum IMEPg levels when compared with the smaller volumes. In fact, the differences were so minor that it would be doubtful that a driver would notice the lag. Additional metrics included time for the plenums to fill and an analysis of manifold absolute pressure and peak in-cylinder pressure development during and after the throttle transient. Plenums below 4.8 l completely filled even before the transient was completed. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4001071] C1 [Hamilton, Leonard J.; Cowart, Jim S.; Lee, Jasen E.; Amorosso, Ryan E.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hamilton, LJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU U.S. Naval Academy Propulsion Lab FX The authors would like to thank Mr. John Hein and Mr. Charlie Baesch of the U.S. Naval Academy Propulsion Lab for providing support and access to engine test facilities. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 29 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2011 VL 133 IS 1 AR 012801 DI 10.1115/1.4001071 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 655UD UT WOS:000282274800017 ER PT J AU Mushrush, GW Quintana, MA Bauserman, JW Willauer, HD AF Mushrush, George W. Quintana, Marian A. Bauserman, Joy W. Willauer, Heather D. TI Post-refining removal of organic nitrogen compounds from diesel fuels to improve environmental quality SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Clean fuel; organic nitrogen compounds; instability; clay treatment; diesel 1 ID INSTABILITY; OIL AB The purpose of this investigation was to remove the organic nitrogen compounds from petroleum-derived diesel fuels. These nitrogen compounds can cause environmental problems, as well as fuel instability problems that can degrade fuels and affect engine performance. Fuels were treated with two different filtering media, activated clay and silica tel. The methylene chloride extracts from both the activated clay and silica gel were subjected to GC/MS analysis. Close to 99% of the total organic nitrogen compounds were removed. About 60% of the nitrogen compounds identified consisted of pyridines, quinolines and tetra-hydroquinolines made up 26%, while indoles and carbazoles about 10% of the total nitrogen compounds. Of the nitrogen heterocyclics identified, indoles and carbazoles were linked to fuel instability reactions. The proposed method was tested on diesels fuels from a variety of countries and found to remove between 97.8 and 99.9% of the N-compounds. The results of this study showed that both of these filtering materials were effective in removing the organic nitrogen compounds and resulted in fuels that exhibited excellent storage stability. These simple filtering methods can be independent of the refining process and do result in an environmentally cleaner burning fuel. C1 [Mushrush, George W.; Quintana, Marian A.] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Mushrush, George W.; Quintana, Marian A.] George Mason Univ, Dept Modern & Class Languages, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Mushrush, George W.; Willauer, Heather D.] USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bauserman, Joy W.] NOVA Res, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Mushrush, GW (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM gmushrus@gmu.edu FU Office of Naval Research; NOVA Research FX The authors wish to acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research and NOVA Research. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 2011 VL 46 IS 2 BP 176 EP 180 DI 10.1080/10934529.2011.532433 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 755AF UT WOS:000289898300004 PM 21240705 ER PT J AU Worley, CR Buccolo, LS Boyd, DA Usatine, RP AF Worley, Christopher R. Buccolo, Larissa S. Boyd, David A. Usatine, Richard P. TI Teen with a diffuse erythematous, pruritic eruption SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID GUTTATE PSORIASIS C1 [Worley, Christopher R.; Buccolo, Larissa S.] USN, Naval Hosp Jacksonville, Dept Family Med, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. [Boyd, David A.] USN, Naval Hosp Jacksonville, Dept Dermatol, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. [Usatine, Richard P.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Worley, CR (reprint author), USN, Naval Hosp Jacksonville, Dept Family Med, 2080 Child St, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. EM christopher.r.worley@med.navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 60 IS 1 BP 37 EP 39 PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 797JS UT WOS:000293121300013 PM 21209978 ER PT J AU Comeaux, JA Jauchem, JR Cox, DD Crane, CC D'Andrea, JA AF Comeaux, James A. Jauchem, James R. Cox, D. Duane Crane, Carrie C. D'Andrea, John A. TI Muscle Contraction During Electro-muscular Incapacitation: A Comparison Between Square-wave Pulses and the TASER (R) X26 Electronic Control Device SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; Sus scrofa; TASER; muscle contraction; Rana pipiens; electromuscular incapacitation; electronic control devices ID STIMULATION AB Electronic control devices (including the Advanced TASER (R) X26 model produced by TASER International) incapacitate individuals by causing muscle contractions. To provide information relevant to development of future potential devices, effects of monophasic square waves with different parameters were compared with those of the X26 electronic control device, using two animal models (frogs and swine). Pulse power, electrical pulse charge, pulse duration, and pulse repetition frequency affected muscle contraction. There was no difference in the charge required, between the square waveform and the X26 waveform, to cause approximately the same muscle-contraction response (in terms of the strength-duration curve). Thus, on the basis of these initial studies, the detailed shape of a waveform may not be important in terms of generating electro-muscular incapacitation. More detailed studies, however, may be required to thoroughly test all potential waveforms to be considered for future use in ECDs. C1 [Jauchem, James R.] USAF, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Res Lab, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. [Comeaux, James A.] Adv Informat Engn Serv, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. [Cox, D. Duane; Crane, Carrie C.; D'Andrea, John A.] USN, Directed Energy Bioeffects Lab Detachment, Res Operat Div, Hlth Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Res Lab, 8262 Hawks Rd, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. EM james.jauchem@brooks.af.mil FU Marine Corps Base, Quantico, Virginia; US Navy [N001408WR20088] FX This work was supported by the Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Program, Marine Corps Base, Quantico, Virginia. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official Department of Defense position, policy, or decision. This research complied with the Animal Welfare Act and adhered to the principles enunciated in the Guide for the Care and Use of the Laboratory Animals per SECNAVINST 3800.38B and AFMAN 40-401(I). The authors have not had any relationship with any manufacturers of electronic control devices, including employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. Research was supported by US Navy Contract #N001408WR20088. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 56 SU 1 BP S95 EP S100 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01580.x PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 701RM UT WOS:000285840200014 PM 20950313 ER PT J AU Hafez, M AF Hafez, Mohammed TI Militant Islam: A Sociology of Characteristics, Causes and Consequences SO JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Hafez, Mohammed] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hafez, M (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mmhafez@nps.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0955-2340 J9 J ISLAM STUD JI J. Islam. Stud. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 22 IS 1 BP 117 EP 118 DI 10.1093/jis/etp065 PG 2 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 696CE UT WOS:000285418700026 ER PT J AU Long, JW Laskoski, M Peterson, GW Keller, TM Pettigrew, KA Schindler, BJ AF Long, Jeffrey W. Laskoski, Matthew Peterson, Gregory W. Keller, Teddy M. Pettigrew, Katherine A. Schindler, Bryan J. TI Metal-catalyzed graphitic nanostructures as sorbents for vapor-phase ammonia SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBE FORMATION; MODIFIED ACTIVATED CARBONS; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; COBALT OXIDE; IN-SITU; NANOPARTICLE COMPOSITIONS; REACTIVE ADSORPTION; MICROPOROUS CARBON; OXYGEN; REMOVAL AB Activated carbons have long been used as substrates for the filtration of vapor-phase molecules, often with metal salts or oxides added to improve their sorption capacities for specific agents, but their real-world performance and applicability may be hindered by such factors as long-term stability and complex processing. En route to a new class of carbon-based sorbents, we have developed solid-state synthetic methods to produce bulk carbonaceous solids based on the pyrolysis of thermoset solids containing low concentrations (<1 wt%) of metal precursors (based on either Ni, Fe, or Co) that decompose in situ to catalyze the formation of a complex graphitic nanostructure. Selective combustion of residual amorphous carbon from the pyrolyzed solid generates a mesoporous network that facilitates diffusional transport of gas-phase molecules to the interior surfaces of the solid, and also converts the entrained metals to their respective metal oxide forms. We examine the ammonia-sorption properties of a series of these graphitic nanostructured compositions, and demonstrate that ammonia uptake is primarily determined by the type of residual metal oxide, with the Co-containing carbonaceous solid providing the best ammonia-sorption capacity (1.76 mol kg(-1)). Thermal reduction of the Co-containing material drastically decreases its ammonia-sorption capacity, showing that the oxide form (in this case Co(3)O(4)) of the entrained metal nanoparticles is most active for ammonia filtration. The effects of the carbon-oxygen functionalities on the nanostructured graphitic surfaces for ammonia sorption are also discussed. C1 [Long, Jeffrey W.; Pettigrew, Katherine A.] USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Laskoski, Matthew; Keller, Teddy M.] USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Peterson, Gregory W.] USA, Res Dev & Engn Command Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, CBR Filtrat Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Schindler, Bryan J.] SAIC Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Long, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.long@nrl.navy.mil RI Schindler, Bryan/I-1529-2013 OI Schindler, Bryan/0000-0003-3127-2722 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency; Office of Naval Research FX Financial support for this project was provided by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency and the Office of Naval Research. The authors thank Dr Jean M. Wallace (Nova Research, Inc., Alexandria, VA) for assistance with the TPR experiments, and Dr Debra R. Rolison (Naval Research Laboratory) for helpful discussions in the preparation of this manuscript. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 29 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 10 BP 3477 EP 3484 DI 10.1039/c0jm03167d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 724OE UT WOS:000287585300033 ER PT J AU Zhang, YQ Huang, YG Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Zhang, Yanqiang Huang, Yangen Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI 4-Amino-3,5-dinitropyrazolate salts-highly insensitive energetic materials SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-RICH SALTS; N-NITROPYRAZOLES; IONIC LIQUIDS; REARRANGEMENT; DINITRAMIDE; PYRAZOLES; MONO AB Energetic salts based on the 4-amino-3,5-dinitropyrazolate anion and selected nitrogen-rich cations were prepared in high yield by neutralization or metathesis reactions. Their key properties of the resulting energetic salts, such as melting point, thermal stability (169-303 degrees C), density (1.54-1.84 g cm(-3)), impact sensitivity (> 60 J), heat of formation, and detonation pressure (20.99-32.55 GPa) and velocity (7712-8751 m s(-1)), were measured or calculated. As highly insensitive energetic materials, salts 9 (32.55 GPa, 8743 m s (1)) and 11 (28.85 GPa, 8751 m s (1)) are comparable with 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB, 31.15 GPa and 8114 m s(-1)). C1 [Zhang, Yanqiang; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Huang, Yangen] Donghua Univ, Coll Chem Chem Engn & Biotechnol, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China. [Parrish, Damon A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu OI zhang, yan qiang/0000-0001-5577-0529 FU DTRA [HDTRA1-07-1-0024]; ONR [N00014-10-1-0097] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of DTRA (HDTRA1-07-1-0024), and ONR (N00014-10-1-0097). NR 36 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 19 BP 6891 EP 6897 DI 10.1039/c1jm10340g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 755AP UT WOS:000289899300020 ER PT J AU Chisholm, D AF Chisholm, Donald TI The Long Road to Annapolis: The Founding of the Naval Academy and the Emerging American Republic SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Chisholm, Donald] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Chisholm, D (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 75 IS 1 BP 273 EP 274 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 708NK UT WOS:000286368300021 ER PT J AU Hsieh, WWS AF Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang TI The Grand Design: Strategy and the U.S. Civil War SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Hsieh, WWS (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 75 IS 1 BP 278 EP 280 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 708NK UT WOS:000286368300025 ER PT J AU Abi-Salloum, TY Snell, S Davis, JP Narducci, FA AF Abi-Salloum, T. Y. Snell, S. Davis, J. P. Narducci, F. A. TI Variations of dispersion and transparency in four level N-scheme atomic systems SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE induced transparency; dispersion; N-scheme; gyroscope ID GROUP-VELOCITY; LIGHT; GAS AB Systems that exhibit positive and negative dispersion are of interest for numerous applications especially when accompanied by transparency. In this work, we study the variation of the sign of the dispersion in the case of a four-level 'N-Scheme' system. The different dynamics of the sign and value of dispersion and transparency are first explored in light of three resonances that we have previously introduced, then studied as a function of the varying strengths of the fields. As an application we consider in this work both passive and active optical gyroscopes. C1 [Davis, J. P.; Narducci, F. A.] Naval Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Abi-Salloum, T. Y.; Snell, S.] Widener Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Chester, PA 19013 USA. RP Narducci, FA (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Bldg 2187,Suite 3190, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM frank@aps.org FU Office of Naval Research FX Two of us (J.P.D and F.A.N) would like to gratefully acknowledge the financial support from an In House Laboratory Innovative Research (ILIR) grant from the Office of Naval Research. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2011 VL 58 IS 21 SI SI BP 2008 EP 2014 DI 10.1080/09500340.2011.603441 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 866RK UT WOS:000298399200017 ER PT J AU DeSavage, SA Gordon, KH Clifton, EM Davis, JP Narducci, FA AF DeSavage, S. A. Gordon, K. H. Clifton, E. M. Davis, J. P. Narducci, F. A. TI Raman resonances in arbitrary magnetic fields SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE Raman resonances; cold atoms; atom interferometers ID MAGNETOMETER ATOM INTERFEROMETER AB We study the general problem of Raman resonances in arbitrary magnetic fields for realistic alkali atoms. We first present the details of a model that includes all magnetic sub-levels and their appropriate coupling strengths to two laser fields. The numerical implementation of this model and some of the results are also presented. Our experimental arrangement is described and preliminary measurements are presented. C1 [Clifton, E. M.; Davis, J. P.; Narducci, F. A.] Naval Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [DeSavage, S. A.; Gordon, K. H.] Anal Inc, Aerosp Mass Properties, N Wales, PA 19454 USA. RP Narducci, FA (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Bldg 2187,Suite 3190,48110 Shaw Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM frank@aps.org FU AMPAC [N00178-06D-4679-4Y01]; Office of Naval Research [N000421WX20313] FX This work is a collaborative work. The work was co-authored as part of E.M. Clifton, J.P.Davis and FA Narducci's official duties as employees of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105 no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. law. The work as part of S.A. DeSavage and K.H. Gordon's official duties as Federal Government Contractors is published by permission of AMPAC under Contract Number N00178-06D-4679-4Y01. The US Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, non-exclusive, and irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government.; We acknowledge financial support from the Office of Naval Research (Section 219 grant and Grant N000421WX20313). We gratefully acknowledge the laboratory assistance from Jeanette Wood. One of us (FAN) gratefully acknowledges useful discussions with Mark Kasevich, Dmitry Budker, Joshua Grossman, Charles Adler, Danielle Braje, Irina Novikova, Michael Larsen and especially Thad Walker. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2011 VL 58 IS 21 SI SI BP 2028 EP 2035 DI 10.1080/09500340.2011.606377 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 866RK UT WOS:000298399200020 ER PT J AU Gondusky, JS Carney, J Erpenbach, J Robertson, C Mahar, A Oka, R Thompson, M Mazurek, M AF Gondusky, Joseph S. Carney, Joseph Erpenbach, Jonathan Robertson, Claire Mahar, Andrew Oka, Richard Thompson, Michael Mazurek, Michael TI Biomechanical Comparison of Locking versus Nonlocking Volar and Dorsal T-Plates for Fixation of Dorsally Comminuted Distal Radius Fractures SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA LA English DT Article DE distal radius fracture; volar plate; dorsal plate; dorsal comminution; extra-articular; biomechanical ID INTERNAL-FIXATION; DISPLACED FRACTURES; EXTERNAL FIXATION; COMPRESSION PLATE; RADIOULNAR JOINT; OPEN REDUCTION; PI PLATE; PC-FIX; MODEL; STABILITY AB Objectives: The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the effect of plate location and screw type for fixation of extra-articular distal radius fractures with dorsal comminution (Orthopaedic Trauma Association Type 23-A3.2). Methods: Sixteen pairs of cadaver radii were randomized to four plating configurations: dorsal locking, dorsal nonlocking, volar locking, and volar nonlocking. A standard 1-cm dorsal wedge osteotomy was used. Cyclic axial loads were applied for 5000 cycles. Stiffness and fragment displacement were recorded at 500 cycle-intervals. Pre- and postcyclic loading radiographs were analyzed. An axial load to failure test followed and construct stiffness and failure strength recorded. Biomechanical data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (P<0.05). Failure modes were descriptively interpreted. Results: Cyclic testing data revealed no difference between constructs at any interval. Within all construct groups, displacement that occurred did so within the first 500 cycles of testing. Pre- and postcyclic loading radiographic analysis showed no differences in construct deformation. Load to failure testing revealed no differences between groups, whereas volar constructs approached significance (P = 0.08) for increased failure strength. Dorsal constructs failed primarily by fragment subsidence and fragmentation, whereas volar constructs failed by plate bending. Conclusions: No difference in all measured biomechanical parameters supports equivalence between constructs and surgeon discretion in determining operative method. Minimal fragment displacement and construct deformation during physiological testing support previous data that early postoperative motion can be recommended. Fragment displacement that occurs does so in the early periods of motion. C1 [Gondusky, Joseph S.; Carney, Joseph; Erpenbach, Jonathan; Thompson, Michael] Balboa Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA USA. [Robertson, Claire; Mahar, Andrew; Oka, Richard] Rady Childrens Hosp San Diego, Orthoped Biomech Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Mahar, Andrew] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Orthoped Surg, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Gondusky, JS (reprint author), USN, Dept Orthoped, San Diego Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM joseph.gondusky@med.navy.mil FU Synthes, USA; Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department, Washington, DC [S06-072] FX A grant from Synthes, USA funded cadaver and plate acquisition.; The Chief, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department, Washington, DC, Clinical Investigation Program, sponsored this report #S06-072 as required by NSHSBETHINST 6000.41B. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0890-5339 J9 J ORTHOP TRAUMA JI J. Orthop. Trauma PD JAN PY 2011 VL 25 IS 1 BP 44 EP 50 DI 10.1097/BOT.0b013e3181d7a3a6 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 697MX UT WOS:000285518800011 PM 21085029 ER PT J AU Borer, DA AF Borer, Douglas A. TI Black Yanks in the Pacific: race in the making of American military empire after World War II SO JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Borer, Douglas A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Borer, DA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM daborer@nps.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3344 J9 J PAC HIST JI J. Pac. Hist. PY 2011 VL 46 IS 2 BP 267 EP 268 DI 10.1080/00223344.2011.607279 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 884BV UT WOS:000299680800015 ER PT J AU Crickard, CV Riccio, AI Carney, JR Anderson, TD AF Crickard, Colin V. Riccio, Anthony I. Carney, Joseph R. Anderson, Terrence D. TI Analysis and Comparison of the Biomechanical Properties of Univalved and Bivalved Cast Models SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDICS LA English DT Article DE cast; fiberglass; valved; univalved; bivalved ID PLASTER CASTS; MATERIAL STRENGTH; PRESSURE AB Purpose: Fiberglass casts are frequently valved to relieve the pressure associated with upper extremity swelling after a surgical procedure or when applied after reduction of a displaced fracture in a child. Although different opinions exist regarding the valving of casts, no research to date has explored the biomechanical effects of this commonly used technique. As cast integrity is essential for the maintenance of fracture reduction, it is important to understand whether casts are structurally compromised after valving. Understanding the effects of valving on cast integrity may help guide clinicians in the technique of valving while minimizing the potential for a loss of fracture reduction. Methods: Thirty standardized cylindrical fiberglass cast models were created. Ten models were left intact, 10 were univalved, and 10 were bivalved. All the models were mechanically tested by a 3-point bending apparatus secured to a biaxial materials testing system. Load to failure and bending stiffness were recorded for each sample. Differences in load of failure and bending stiffness were compared among the groups. Results: Unvalved cast models had the highest failure load and bending stiffness, whereas bivalved casts showed the lowest value for both failure load and bending stiffness. Univalved casts had a failure load measured to be between those of unvalved and bivalved cast models. Analysis of variance showed significance when failure load and bending stiffness data among all the groups were compared. A post hoc Bonferroni statistical analysis showed significance in bending stiffness between intact and bivalved models (P < 0.01), intact and univalved models (P < 0.01), but no significant difference in bending stiffness between univalved and bivalved models (P > 0.01). Differences in measured failure load values were found to be statistically significant among all cast models (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Valving significantly decreases the bending stiffness and load to failure of fiberglass casts. Univalved casts have a higher load to failure than bivalved casts. C1 [Crickard, Colin V.; Riccio, Anthony I.; Carney, Joseph R.; Anderson, Terrence D.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Riccio, AI (reprint author), Childrens Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 1935 Med Dist Dr,STE 2300, Dallas, TX 75214 USA. EM waine.macallister@med.navy.mil; anthony.riccio@childrens.com NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0271-6798 J9 J PEDIATR ORTHOPED JI J. Pediatr. Orthop. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 31 IS 1 BP 39 EP 43 DI 10.1097/BPO.0b013e318202c446 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Pediatrics SC Orthopedics; Pediatrics GA 719HB UT WOS:000287192700009 PM 21150730 ER PT J AU Gourdin, G Meehan, A Jiang, T Smith, P Qu, DY AF Gourdin, Gerald Meehan, Alexa Jiang, Thomas Smith, Patricia Qu, Deyang TI Investigation of the impact of stacking pressure on a double-layer supercapacitor SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Supercapacitor; Stacking pressure; Access surface; Transmission line model; Impedance ID ACTIVATED CARBONS; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY-STORAGE; ELECTRODES; ELECTROLYTES AB There are two important steps necessary for the optimization of electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLC): maximizing the volumetric capacitance and minimizing the ohmic resistance. The application of force during the assembly of an EDLC cell is one way to achieve this optimization. The effect of the application of force on the performance characteristics of EDLC cells, assembled using porous activated carbon electrodes, was determined. It was shown that applying force to the body of the cell during assembly only provides a significant increase in the performance of the EDLC with the initial application. The results showed that any increase in the applied force beyond that initial stage does not result in a subsequent increase in performance and can result in a substantial decrease in the performance characteristics of the EDLC cell. Furthermore, it was concluded that the substantial decrease shown was attributed to an alteration of the physical structure of the porous material, which produced significant decreases in the accessible surface area and the material resistance of the activated carbon electrodes. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gourdin, Gerald; Meehan, Alexa; Qu, Deyang] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02135 USA. [Jiang, Thomas; Smith, Patricia] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Qu, DY (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02135 USA. EM deyang.qu@umb.edu RI Gourdin, Gerald/K-4528-2013 OI Gourdin, Gerald/0000-0002-9023-2707 FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the Office of Naval Research. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 196 IS 1 SI SI BP 523 EP 529 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.06.022 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 658MC UT WOS:000282493100068 ER PT J AU Melcer, T Belnap, B Walker, GJ Konoske, P Galarneau, M AF Melcer, Ted Belnap, Brian Walker, G. Jay Konoske, Paula Galarneau, Michael TI Heterotopic ossification in combat amputees from Afghanistan and Iraq wars: Five case histories and results from a small series of patients SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Afghanistan war; amputation; blast injury; combat amputee; heterotopic ossification; Iraq war; physical medicine; prosthesis; radiograph; rehabilitation ID RISK-FACTORS; PREVALENCE; INJURIES; TRAUMA; CARE AB Heterotopic ossification (HO) is excess bone growth in soft tissues that frequently occurs in the residual limbs of combat amputees injured in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom, or Iraq and Afghanistan wars, respectively. HO can interfere with prosthetic use and walking and delay patient rehabilitation. This article describes symptomatic and/or radiographic evidence of HO in a patient series of combat amputees rehabilitating at a military amputee care clinic (27 patients/33 limbs). We conducted a retrospective review of patient records and physician interviews to document evidence of HO symptoms in these limbs (e.g., pain during prosthetic use, skin breakdown). Results showed HO-related symptoms in 10 of the 33 residual limbs. Radiographs were available for 25 of the 33 limbs, and a physician identified at least moderate HO in 15 of the radiographs. However, 5 of the 15 patients who showed at least moderate radiographic HO did not report adverse symptoms. Five individual patient histories described HO onset, symptoms, treatments, and outcomes. These case histories illustrated how HO location relative to pressure-sensitive/pressure-tolerant areas of the residual limb may determine whether patients experienced symptoms. These histories revealed the uncommon but novel finding of potential benefits of HO for prosthetic suspension. C1 [Melcer, Ted; Konoske, Paula; Galarneau, Michael] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Med Modeling Simulat & Mission Support Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Belnap, Brian] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Comprehens Complex & Casualty Care Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Walker, G. Jay] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Melcer, T (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Med Modeling Simulat & Mission Support Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM ted.melcer@med.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research, Arlington, Virginia [60332] FX This material is the result of work supported with resources of the Office of Naval Research, Arlington, Virginia, under work unit No. 60332. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PY 2011 VL 48 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1682/JRRD.2010.03.0033 PG 11 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 719SG UT WOS:000287228700001 PM 21328158 ER PT J AU Dunn, AS Julian, T Formolo, LR Green, BN Chicoine, DR AF Dunn, Andrew S. Julian, Terri Formolo, Lance R. Green, Bart N. Chicoine, David R. TI Preliminary analysis of posttraumatic stress disorder screening within specialty clinic setting for OIF/OEF veterans seeking care for neck or back pain SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE back pain; health psychology; musculoskeletal phenomena; neck pain; neural physiological phenomena; Operation Enduring Freedom; Operation Iraqi Freedom; posttraumatic stress disorder; rehabilitation; sensitivity; specificity; veterans ID OPERATIONS ENDURING FREEDOM; ADMINISTERED PTSD SCALE; POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; IRAQI FREEDOM; WAR VETERANS; UNITED-STATES; GULF-WAR; CHECKLIST AB Escalating prevalence estimates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among recently returning Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF) veterans highlight the need for early detection and management for reducing chronic mental illness and disability. Because PTSD and chronic pain are common comorbid conditions among veterans, PTSD screening within specialty clinic settings addressing musculoskeletal pain may be of value. This retrospective study evaluated measures of diagnostic value for the PTSD Checklist (PCL) for a sample (n = 79) of OIF/OEF veterans seeking care for neck or back pain within a Department of Veterans Affairs specialty clinic. Because published accounts of optimal PCL cutoff scores vary considerably, we used receiver operating characteristic curves to identify whether the optimal PCL cutoff score for the sample differed from a conventional cutoff score of 50. A clinical psychologist experienced in diagnosing and managing PTSD confirmed the diagnosis of PTSD for 37 veterans through a review of clinical records. The prevalence of diagnosed PTSD was 46.8%, with an optimal PCL cutoff score of 44. These findings may guide future research and influence clinical practice regarding PTSD screening for recently returning veterans with chronic pain. C1 [Dunn, Andrew S.; Formolo, Lance R.] VA Western New York Healthcare Syst, Buffalo VA Med Ctr, Dept Vet Affairs, Buffalo, NY USA. [Dunn, Andrew S.; Chicoine, David R.] New York Chiropract Coll, Seneca Falls, NY USA. [Julian, Terri] VA Western New York Healthcare Syst, Batavia VA Med Ctr, Batavia, NY USA. [Green, Bart N.] USN, Marine Corps Air Stn Miramar Branch Med Clin, San Diego Med Ctr, Chiropract Div,Dept Phys & Occupat Therapy, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Green, Bart N.] Natl Univ Hlth Sci, Lombard, IL USA. RP Dunn, AS (reprint author), VA Western New York Healthcare Syst Chiropract, 3495 Bailey Aye, Buffalo, NY 14215 USA. EM Andrew.dunn@va.gov RI Schueter, nicos/A-3625-2014; OI Green, DC, MSEd, PhD, Bart N./0000-0002-9906-6397 FU VAWNYHS, Buffalo, New York FX This material is the result of work supported with resources and the use of facilities at VAWNYHS, Buffalo, New York. NR 66 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PY 2011 VL 48 IS 5 BP 493 EP 501 DI 10.1682/JRRD.2010.05.0104 PG 9 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 783GJ UT WOS:000292069200005 PM 21674400 ER PT J AU Dunn, AS Green, BN Formolo, LR Chicoine, D AF Dunn, Andrew S. Green, Bart N. Formolo, Lance R. Chicoine, David TI Retrospective case series of clinical outcomes associated with chiropractic management for veterans with low back pain SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE chiropractic; hospitals; low back pain; musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena; Operation Enduring Freedom; Operation Iraqi Freedom; outcome assessment; rehabilitation; spinal manipulation; veterans ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; BOURNEMOUTH QUESTIONNAIRE; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; MUTUAL MAINTENANCE; ENDURING FREEDOM; IRAQI FREEDOM; NECK PAIN; CARE; SCORES AB Musculoskeletal complaints, most notably low back pain (LBP), are prevalent among veterans. Despite a focus on LBP management by chiropractors within the Veterans Health Administration, limited published accounts detail clinical outcomes with chiropractic management of LBP among veterans. This was a retrospective case series of 171 veterans with a chief complaint of LBP who were managed with chiropractic care. Descriptive statistics and paired t-tests were used, with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and the Back Bournemouth Questionnaire (BBQ) serving as the outcome measures. A minimum clinically important difference (MCID) was set as 30% improvement from baseline for both measures. The mean number of treatments was 8.7. For the NRS, the mean raw score improvement was 2.2 points, representing 37.4% change from baseline; 103 (60.2%) patients met or exceeded the MCID. For the BBQ, the mean raw score improvement was 13.6 points, representing 34.6% change from baseline; 92 patients (53.8%) met or exceeded the MCID. For this sample of veterans with LBP, the mean percentages of clinical improvement were statistically significant and clinically meaningful for both the NRS and BBQ. C1 [Dunn, Andrew S.; Formolo, Lance R.] Buffalo VA Med Ctr, VA Western New York Healthcare Syst, Dept Vet Affairs, Buffalo, NY 14215 USA. [Dunn, Andrew S.; Formolo, Lance R.; Chicoine, David] New York Chiropract Coll, Seneca Falls, NY USA. [Green, Bart N.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Phys & Occupat Therapy,Marine Corps Air Stn, Chiropract Div,Miramar Branch Med Clin, San Diego, CA USA. [Green, Bart N.] Natl Univ Hlth Sci, Lombard, IL USA. RP Dunn, AS (reprint author), Buffalo VA Med Ctr, VA Western New York Healthcare Syst, Dept Vet Affairs, 3495 Bailey Ave, Buffalo, NY 14215 USA. EM andrew.dunn@va.gov OI Green, DC, MSEd, PhD, Bart N./0000-0002-9906-6397 FU VAWNYHS FX This material was based on work supported by and with the use of resources at the VAWNYHS. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PY 2011 VL 48 IS 8 BP 927 EP 934 DI 10.1682/JRRD.2010.10.0202 PG 8 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 847DM UT WOS:000296952100005 PM 22068371 ER PT J AU MacGregor, AJ Dougherty, AL Morrison, RH Quinn, KH Galarneau, MR AF MacGregor, Andrew J. Dougherty, Amber L. Morrison, Rosemary H. Quinn, Kimberly H. Galarneau, Michael R. TI Repeated concussion among US military personnel during Operation Iraqi Freedom SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE blast; combat; concussion; concussive injury; deployment; head injury; head trauma; military; multiple; severity; traumatic brain injury AB Concussions are a predominant injury of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. The aims of this study were to describe repeated concussive events among U.S. military personnel injured in Operation Iraqi Freedom and examine subsequent healthcare utilization. We reviewed clinical records from the Expeditionary Medical Encounter Database to identify servicemembers with repeat concussions. We abstracted demographic and injury-specific variables, calculated time between events, and identified healthcare utilization from electronic medical databases. Overall, 113 personnel experienced more than one concussion between 2004 and 2008. A majority of these incidents were blast related. The median time between events was 40 days, with 20% experiencing a second event within 2 weeks of the first and 87% within 3 months. Time between events was not associated with severity of the second event. Greater severity of the second concussive event was associated with higher postinjury utilization of mental health and neurology services. This study is one of the first to describe repeated concussions in a combat setting. We found that repeated concussions occur within a short interval among deployed personnel, although the effects of the first event are unclear. Further research is needed to define the effect of repeated concussions on the health of combat veterans. C1 [MacGregor, Andrew J.; Dougherty, Amber L.; Morrison, Rosemary H.; Quinn, Kimberly H.; Galarneau, Michael R.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Med Modeling Simulat & Mission Support, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Dougherty, AL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM amber.dougherty@med.navy.mil FU Department of Defense [PT090804, 61024] FX This material was based on work supported by the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs, Department of Defense (proposal PT090804 under work unit 61024). NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PY 2011 VL 48 IS 10 BP 1269 EP 1277 DI 10.1682/JRRD.2011.01.0013 PG 9 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA V28XL UT WOS:000208713400013 PM 22234670 ER PT J AU Dragoni, E Bagaria, WJ AF Dragoni, E. Bagaria, W. J. TI Mechanical design of bimaterial helical springs with circular cross-section SO JOURNAL OF STRAIN ANALYSIS FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN LA English DT Article DE mechanical design; helical springs; circular section; bimaterial construction AB This paper presents an approximate theoretical model for the mechanical behaviour of helical springs with circular cross-section formed by an inner elastic core encased in an outer annulus of dissimilar elastic properties. Closed-form equations are developed for stresses and deflection in the spring undergoing either bending or axial end loads. For both loading conditions, the model takes into account the stress concentrations arising in the cross-section due to curvature of the spring axis. The disclosed equations are specialized for bimaterial springs with a polymer core and a thin nanometal cladding, a solution reflecting a unique technology recently brought onto the market by a leading polymer manufacturer. In this special case, the cladding performs as an efficient thin-walled tube under torsion with the soft core preventing the danger of wall instability. A design procedure is exemplified, showing that this construction leads to lighter and smaller springs than all-metal or all-polymer counterparts. C1 [Dragoni, E.] Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dept Engn Sci & Methods, I-42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy. [Bagaria, W. J.] USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Dragoni, E (reprint author), Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dept Engn Sci & Methods, I-42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy. EM eugenio.dragoni@unimore.it NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0309-3247 J9 J STRAIN ANAL ENG JI J. Strain Anal. Eng. Des. PY 2011 VL 46 IS 4 BP 304 EP 314 DI 10.1177/0309324711400968 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 777HX UT WOS:000291607600005 ER PT J AU McCranie, KD AF McCranie, Kevin D. TI Strategy in the American War of Independence: A Global Approach SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [McCranie, Kevin D.] USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP McCranie, KD (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PY 2011 VL 34 IS 2 BP 281 EP 283 AR PII 936616718 DI 10.1080/01402390.2011.569130 PG 3 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 753SO UT WOS:000289800200006 ER PT J AU Mahnken, TG AF Mahnken, Thomas G. TI China's Anti-Access Strategy in Historical and Theoretical Perspective SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Article DE China; Anti-access; Innovation; Intelligence ID MILITARY INNOVATION AB This article views China's development of anti-access capabilities against the backdrop of the theory and history of military innovation. It begins with a discussion of the process of military innovation, as well as the indicators that may appear at different stages of that process. It then discusses the barriers to recognizing new ways of war and applies that framework to China's development of advanced ballistic missiles, to include precision-guided conventional ballistic missiles and anti-ship ballistic missiles (ASBMs). It concludes with several suggestions for how to improve the ability to recognize and understand foreign military innovation. C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Mahnken, TG (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 46 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PY 2011 VL 34 IS 3 SI SI BP 299 EP 323 AR PII 938743263 DI 10.1080/01402390.2011.574971 PG 25 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 779WA UT WOS:000291811700002 ER PT J AU Mahnken, TG AF Mahnken, Thomas G. TI The Evolution of Strategy ... But What About Policy? SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Mahnken, TG (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PY 2011 VL 34 IS 4 BP 483 EP 487 DI 10.1080/01402390.2011.594673 PG 5 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 826MN UT WOS:000295358400002 ER PT J AU Cai, LW Dacol, DK Orris, GJ Calvo, DC Nicholas, M AF Cai, Liang-Wu Dacol, Dacio K. Orris, Gregory J. Calvo, David C. Nicholas, Michael TI Acoustical scattering by multilayer spherical elastic scatterer containing electrorheological layer SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB A computational procedure for analyzing acoustical scattering by multilayer concentric spherical scatterers having an arbitrary mixture of acoustic and elastic materials is proposed. The procedure is then used to analyze the scattering by a spherical scatterer consisting of a solid shell and a solid core encasing an electrorheological (ER) fluid layer, and the tunability in the scattering characteristics afforded by the ER layer is explored numerically. Tunable scatterers with two different ER fluids are analyzed. One, corn starch in peanut oil, shows that a significant increase in scattering cross-section is possible in moderate frequencies. Another, fine poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) beads in dodecane, shows only slight change in scattering cross-sections overall. But, when the shell is thin, a noticeable local resonance peak can appear near ka - 1, and this resonance can be turned on or off by the external electric field. (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3500687] C1 [Cai, Liang-Wu] Kansas State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Dacol, Dacio K.; Orris, Gregory J.; Calvo, David C.; Nicholas, Michael] USN, Acoust Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cai, LW (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, 3031 Rathbone Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM cai@ksu.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N000140910546]; American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE)/ONR FX The work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under Grant No. N000140910546 and ONR's support for the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). Most of the work was performed at the NRL while one of authors (L.-W.C.) was a visiting Senior Faculty Fellow supported by the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE)/ONR Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. L.-W.C. also expresses his gratitude to other NRL personnel for their hospitality and support during his stay at NRL. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 129 IS 1 BP 12 EP 23 DI 10.1121/1.3500687 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 716DE UT WOS:000286944600009 PM 21302983 ER PT J AU Reeder, DB Sheffield, ES Mach, SM AF Reeder, D. Benjamin Sheffield, Edmond S. Mach, Susan M. TI Wind-generated ambient noise in a topographically isolated basin: A pre-industrial era proxy SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SEA-NOISE; OCEANIC WINDS; SOUND; SPEED; WATER; AUSTRALIA; SHELF AB During the mid-1980s, calibrated measurements of ambient noise and wind speed were made in the Tongue of the Ocean in the Bahamas to quantify the spectra and statistics of wind-generated noise. This deep basin is topographically isolated from the Atlantic Ocean and, therefore, largely acoustically decoupled from the Atlantic Ocean deep sound channel. The quantitative effects of contaminating (non-surface wind-generated) noise sources within the basin were eliminated by careful measurement and robust statistical analysis methodologies. Above 500 Hz, the spectral slopes are approximately -5 dB per octave and independent of wind speed. Below 500 Hz, the ambient noise is no longer a linear function of wind speed. Below 100 Hz and for wind speeds greater than 18.5 knots (kt), the ambient noise is independent of frequency. The minimum observed ambient noise level falls 13 dB below Urick's "light shipping" level at 30 Hz and 2-5 dB below Wenz's sea state zero level through the wind-dominated portion of the spectrum. The basin's geographical isolation and the rigorous measurement and analysis methodologies employed make this two-decade-old data set a reasonable and justified proxy for pre-industrial era ocean noise levels in the 20 Hz to 20 kHz frequency band. (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3514379] C1 [Reeder, D. Benjamin] USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Sheffield, Edmond S.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Mach, Susan M.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Detachment Atlantic Undersea Test & Evaluat Ctr, W Palm Beach, FL 33416 USA. RP Reeder, DB (reprint author), USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dbreeder@nps.edu NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 129 IS 1 BP 64 EP 73 DI 10.1121/1.3514379 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 716DE UT WOS:000286944600014 PM 21302988 ER PT J AU Yabuuchi, N Lu, YC Mansour, AN Chen, S Shao-Horn, Y AF Yabuuchi, Naoaki Lu, Yi-Chun Mansour, Azzam N. Chen, Shuo Shao-Horn, Yang TI The Influence of Heat-Treatment Temperature on the Cation Distribution of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 and Its Rate Capability in Lithium Rechargeable Batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; POSITIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL; LI-ION BATTERIES; CATHODE MATERIAL; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; HIGH-CAPACITY; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; POWDER DIFFRACTION; INSERTION MATERIAL AB LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 samples were prepared from NiMnO3 and Li2CO3 in a range of temperatures from 900 to 1050 degrees C. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis combined with X-ray absorption spectroscopy showed that LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 segregated into one major Ni2+O-enriched phase and one minor Li2Mn4+O3-enriched phase, where the extent of segregation decreased with increasing synthesis temperature from 900 to 1050 degrees C. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that the segregated domains exist in individual particles. Although all of the LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 samples showed comparable specific capacity (similar to 200 mAh/g) and capacity retention at low current densities, the rate capability of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 of 900 degrees C is lower than that of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 of 1000 degrees C. As X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that all of the LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 samples had comparable surface chemistry, the higher rate capability of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 of 1000 degrees C can be attributed to reduced cation segregation of Ni2+O-enriched domains in the layered structure of the major phase, having potentially faster lithium diffusion than that of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 of 900 degrees C. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3526309] All rights reserved. C1 [Yabuuchi, Naoaki; Chen, Shuo; Shao-Horn, Yang] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Lu, Yi-Chun; Shao-Horn, Yang] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Mansour, Azzam N.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Yabuuchi, N (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM shaohorn@mit.edu RI Chen, Shuo/H-2491-2011; Yabuuchi, Naoaki/F-8369-2012; Lu, Yi-Chun/J-1841-2015 OI Chen, Shuo/0000-0002-7145-1269; Yabuuchi, Naoaki/0000-0002-9404-5693; Lu, Yi-Chun/0000-0003-1607-1615 FU Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies of the DOE [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture [2009A1074/BL02B2]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies of the DOE (DE-AC03-76SF00098 with LBNL). The synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments were made possible through the support of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Nanotechnology Support Project (Proposal no. 2009A1074/BL02B2) with the approval of Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI). The XAS experiments were conducted at the Advanced Photon Factory in Japan and the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) of Brookhaven National Laboratory in the USA. NSLS is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The authors are grateful to Professor Komaba (Tokyo University of Science, Japan) for granting access to the synchrotron equipment for XAS and fruitful discussions. NR 59 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 43 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 2 BP A192 EP A200 DI 10.1149/1.3526309 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 700SW UT WOS:000285765600019 ER PT J AU Natishan, PM O'Grady, WE Martin, FJ Rayne, RJ Kahn, H Heuer, AH AF Natishan, P. M. O'Grady, W. E. Martin, F. J. Rayne, R. J. Kahn, H. Heuer, A. H. TI Chloride Interactions with the Passive Films on Stainless Steel SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; PITTING CORROSION; OXIDE-FILMS; ALUMINUM; BREAKDOWN; AES; XPS; SPECTROSCOPY; IRON; IONS AB The uptake of chloride (Cl(-)) by the passive oxide film on 316L austenitic stainless steel polarized at potentials below (less positive than) the pitting potential in 0.6 M NaCl solutions was studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and compared to our previous work on aluminum. The XPS spectra for the stainless steel showed that chloride was not adsorbed or present in the passive oxide film. This is quite different from the case of aluminum, where XPS data for the presence of chloride on the surface and incorporated into the oxide film are unambiguous. These differences in the adsorption and incorporation of chloride for these two metals will be discussed in the context of the mechanisms of passive film breakdown. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3520000] All rights reserved. C1 [Natishan, P. M.; O'Grady, W. E.; Martin, F. J.; Rayne, R. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kahn, H.; Heuer, A. H.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44105 USA. RP Natishan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM natishan@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of Dr. Airan Perez, Office of Naval Research for the stainless steel studies and the support of the Naval Research Laboratory for the work with aluminum. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 24 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 2 BP C7 EP C10 DI 10.1149/1.3520000 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 700SW UT WOS:000285765600047 ER PT J AU Wilfong, ER Lyles, M Rietcheck, RL Arfsten, DP Boeckman, HJ Johnson, EW Doyle, TL Chapman, GD AF Wilfong, E. R. Lyles, M. Rietcheck, R. L. Arfsten, D. P. Boeckman, H. J. Johnson, E. W. Doyle, T. L. Chapman, G. D. TI THE ACUTE AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF MIDDLE EAST SAND PARTICLES ON THE RAT AIRWAY FOLLOWING A SINGLE INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID DUST STORM EVENTS; SAUDI-ARABIA; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; MILITARY PERSONNEL; PULMONARY TOXICITY; F344 RATS; LUNG; INFLAMMATION; PARTICULATE; INHALATION AB Military personnel deployed in the Middle East have emphasized concerns regarding high levels of dust generated from blowing desert sand and the movement of troops and equipment. Airborne particulate matter levels (PM(10); PM < 10 mu m) in the region may exceed 1500 mu g/m(3), significantly higher than the military exposure guideline (MEG) of 50 mu g/m(3). Increases in PM(10) have been linked to a rise in incidences of asthma, obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received a single intratracheal (IT) instillation of 1, 5, or 10 mg of Middle East PM(10) collected at a military occupied site in Kuwait, silica (positive control), or titanium dioxide (TiO(2); negative control) suspended in 400 mu l sterile saline, or saline alone (vehicle control). Twenty-four hours, 3 d, 7 d and 6 mo postexposure (n = 15/group), organs including lung were evaluated for histopathological changes and for particle contaminants. Bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) was also analyzed for cellular and biochemical parameters, including cytokines and chemokines. Instillation of silica resulted in early, pronounced, sustained inflammation indicated by significant increases in levels of total protein and neutrophils, and activities of lactate dehydrogenase activity and beta-glucuronidase activity. Lower magnitude and transient changes using the same markers were observed in animals exposed to TiO(2) and Middle East PM(10). The results suggest that for acute exposures, this Middle East PM(10) is a nuisance-type dust with relatively low toxicity. However, since average deployment of military personnel to the Middle East is 180 d with potential for multiple follow-on tours, chronic exposure studies are needed to fully understand the pulmonary effects associated with Middle East PM exposure. C1 [Wilfong, E. R.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Lyles, M.] USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC USA. [Rietcheck, R. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Tri Serv Res Support, Pathol Sect, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Arfsten, D. P.] USN, Air Stn, Navy Drug Screening Lab, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Boeckman, H. J.; Johnson, E. W.; Doyle, T. L.; Chapman, G. D.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Wilfong, ER (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM Wilfong@usna.edu FU Defense Health Promotion work unit [60262] FX This work was supported by Defense Health Promotion work unit number 60262. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. government. This article is approved for public release, distribution unlimited. The authors are military service members (or employees of the U.S. government). This work was prepared as part of their official duties. Title 17 U.S.C. 105 provides that copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States government. Title 17 U.S.C. 101 defines a U.S. government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employee of the U.S. government as part of that person's official duties. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2011 VL 74 IS 20 BP 1351 EP 1365 DI 10.1080/15287394.2010.516239 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 865PD UT WOS:000298321900004 PM 21899408 ER PT J AU Wells, WH Karwowski, W Sala-Diakanda, S Williams, K Ahram, T Pharmer, JA AF Wells, Wilfred H. Karwowski, Waldemar Sala-Diakanda, Serge Williams, Kent Ahram, Tareq Pharmer, James A. TI Application of Systems Modeling Language (SySML) for Cognitive Work Analysis in Systems Engineering Design Process SO JOURNAL OF UNIVERSAL COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cognitive work analysis; systems engineering; design; tutorial; Systems Modeling Language AB At present time most system engineers do not have access to cognitive work analysis knowledge or training in terms that they could understand and apply in the system design process. This may lead to specifying systems requirements that do not account for cognitive strengths and limitations of the prospective users. This paper proposes integration of cognitive work demands in the systems engineering process through development of a Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) framework and a Tutorial using Systems Modeling Language (SysML). The CWA framework provides a structured approach for defining, managing, organizing, and modeling cognitive work requirements in systems engineering process. C1 [Wells, Wilfred H.; Karwowski, Waldemar; Sala-Diakanda, Serge; Williams, Kent; Ahram, Tareq] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Pharmer, James A.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL USA. RP Wells, WH (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM Will.Wells@knights.ucf.edu; wkar@ucf.edu; Serge.Sala-Diakanda@ucf.edu; Kent.Williams@ucf.edu; tahram@ucf.edu; James.Pharmer@navy.mil RI Karwowski, Waldemar/B-2449-2012 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU GRAZ UNIV TECHNOLGOY, INST INFORMATION SYSTEMS COMPUTER MEDIA-IICM PI GRAZ PA INFFELDGASSE 16C, GRAZ, A-8010, AUSTRIA SN 0948-695X J9 J UNIVERS COMPUT SCI JI J. Univers. Comput. Sci. PY 2011 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1261 EP 1280 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 861VS UT WOS:000298048200004 ER PT J AU Cadigan, J Schmitt, P Shupp, R Swope, K AF Cadigan, John Schmitt, Pamela Shupp, Robert Swope, Kurtis TI The holdout problem and urban sprawl Experimental evidence SO JOURNAL OF URBAN ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Holdout problem; Land assembly; Urban sprawl ID BARGAINING GAMES; ULTIMATUM GAMES; INCOMPLETE INFORMATION; FAIRNESS; COMPETITION; PRIVATE; STRIKES; CHOICE; MODEL AB Conventional wisdom as well as economic theory suggests It is more costly to reassemble fragmented land due to transactions costs and strategic bargaining costs Both costs are expected to increase with the number of sellers Inefficient allocation of land resources may result including property entropy (Parisi 2002) urban sprawl (Miceli and Sirmans 2007) and deteriorating inner cities Given the difficulty of observing actual values attached by buyers and sellers to land little empirical evidence exists to sup port the conventional wisdom and theoretical work We use experimental methods to examine transactions costs and strategic bargaining costs in a land assembly market game with one buyer 1-4 sellers and complementary exchanges The buyer s final earnings vary inversely with the number of sellers cete ris paribus indicating an incentive to purchase consolidated land Delay costs reduce holdout but result in lower payoffs for both buyers and sellers Competition between sellers reduces holdout and the buyer s total purchase price Published by Elsevier Inc C1 [Schmitt, Pamela; Swope, Kurtis] USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Cadigan, John] Gettysburg Coll, Dept Econ, Gettysburg, PA 17325 USA. [Shupp, Robert] Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Swope, K (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Econ, 589 McNair Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Shupp, Robert/I-5635-2012 NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0094-1190 J9 J URBAN ECON JI J. Urban Econ. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 69 IS 1 BP 72 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.jue.2010.08.006 PG 10 WC Economics; Urban Studies SC Business & Economics; Urban Studies GA 686CF UT WOS:000284673700006 ER PT J AU Cohen, HS Gottshall, KR Graziano, M Malmstrom, EM Sharpe, MH Whitney, SL AF Cohen, Helen S. Gottshall, Kim R. Graziano, Mariella Malmstrom, Eva-Maj Sharpe, Margaret H. Whitney, Susan L. TI International guidelines for education in vestibular rehabilitation therapy SO JOURNAL OF VESTIBULAR RESEARCH-EQUILIBRIUM & ORIENTATION LA English DT Article DE Vestibular rehabilitation; occupational therapy; physical therapy; training ID PAROXYSMAL POSITIONAL VERTIGO; DYNAMIC VISUAL-ACUITY; CANALITH REPOSITIONING PROCEDURE; CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINE; SELF-REPORT MEASURE; DAILY LIVING SCALE; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; DISORDERS ACTIVITIES; SENSORY INTERACTION; DEFICIENT PATIENTS AB The Barany Society Ad Hoc Committee on Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy has developed guidelines for developing educational programs for continuing education. These guidelines may be useful to individual therapists who seek to learn about vestibular rehabilitation or who seek to improve their knowledge bases. These guidelines may also be useful to professional organizations or therapists who provide continuing education in vestibular rehabilitation. We recommend a thorough background in basic vestibular science as well as an understating of current objective diagnostic testing and diagnoses, understanding of common tests used by therapists to assess postural control, vertigo and ability to perform activities of daily living. We recommend that therapists be familiar with the evidence supporting efficacy of available treatments as well as with limitations in the current research. C1 [Cohen, Helen S.] Baylor Coll Med, Bobby R Alford Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Gottshall, Kim R.] USN, Dept Def Spatial Orientat Ctr, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Graziano, Mariella] Physiotherapist Commun, Esch Sur Alzette, Luxembourg. [Malmstrom, Eva-Maj] Skane Univ Hosp, Departments Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg &, Lund, Sweden. [Sharpe, Margaret H.] Dizziness & Balance Disorders Ctr, Unley, Australia. [Whitney, Susan L.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Otolaryngol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Whitney, Susan L.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Cohen, HS (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Bobby R Alford Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM hcohen@bcm.edu NR 119 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 15 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4271 J9 J VESTIBUL RES-EQUIL JI J. Vestib. Res.-Equilib. Orientat. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 5 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.3233/VES-2011-0424 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 852BN UT WOS:000297320100001 PM 22101295 ER PT J AU Bradner, C Schumacher, T Cox, D Higgins, C AF Bradner, Christopher Schumacher, Thomas Cox, Daniel Higgins, Christopher TI Experimental Setup for a Large-Scale Bridge Superstructure Model Subjected to Waves SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Bridges; Wave forces; Physical model; Laboratory experiments; Coastal structures; Large scale; Hurricane ID HURRICANE-KATRINA; DECKS AB To gain a better understanding of the wave forces that led to the failure of numerous causeway-type coastal highway bridges along the U. S. Gulf coast, a series of experiments was conducted on a realistic, 1: 5 scale reinforced concrete bridge superstructure. The experimental setup is unique compared to other wave-in-deck studies in that the stiffness of the horizontal support system can be varied to represent different dynamic properties of the bridge system. The bridge specimen is subjected to a wide range of regular and random wave conditions at multiple water levels. In addition to measuring pressures and forces, the experiments measure the dynamic response of the bridge specimen using strain gauges, displacement sensors, and accelerometers. This paper presents the innovative experimental setup, and a preliminary analysis of the data showing the effect of wave height, wave period, and water level, on the forces experienced by the bridge superstructure. C1 [Bradner, Christopher] USN, Hydromech Dept, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Bradner, Christopher; Cox, Daniel; Higgins, Christopher] Oregon State Univ, Sch Civil & Construct Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schumacher, Thomas] Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Bradner, C (reprint author), USN, Hydromech Dept, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RI Schumacher, Thomas/A-6087-2015 FU Oregon Transportation Research and Education Consortium (OTREC); Kiewit Center for Infrastructure and Transportation; National Science Foundation [CMMI-0800822] FX Support of the Oregon Transportation Research and Education Consortium (OTREC), the Kiewit Center for Infrastructure and Transportation, and the National Science Foundation (Grant No. CMMI-0800822) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 14 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 137 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000059 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 696XQ UT WOS:000285475100002 ER PT J AU Thangawng, AL Howell, PB Spillmann, CM Naciri, J Ligler, FS AF Thangawng, Abel L. Howell, Peter B., Jr. Spillmann, Christopher M. Naciri, Jawad Ligler, Frances S. TI UV polymerization of hydrodynamically shaped fibers SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID NANOFIBERS; COMPONENTS; FLOW AB Most natural and man-made fibers have circular cross-sections; thus the properties of materials composed of non-circular fibers are largely unexplored. We demonstrate the technology for fabricating fibers with predetermined cross-sectional shape. Passive hydrodynamic focusing and UV polymerization of a shaped acrylate stream produced metre-long fibers for structural and mechanical characterization. C1 [Thangawng, Abel L.; Howell, Peter B., Jr.; Spillmann, Christopher M.; Naciri, Jawad; Ligler, Frances S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM frances.ligler@nrl.navy.mil RI Howell, Peter/H-8710-2012 OI Howell, Peter/0000-0003-3673-3145 FU NRL/ONR [MA 042-06-41 WU 9899]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX This work was funded by NRL/ONR MA 042-06-41 WU 9899 and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. AT was a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellow. The views are those of the authors and do not represent the opinion or policy of the US Navy or the Department of Defense. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2011 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1157 EP 1160 DI 10.1039/c0lc00392a PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 728IF UT WOS:000287867100025 PM 21246152 ER PT S AU Gordon, DF Helle, MH Kaganovich, D Ting, A AF Gordon, Daniel F. Helle, Michael H. Kaganovich, Dmitri Ting, Antonio BE Leemans, WP Esarey, E Hooker, SM Ledingham, KWD Spohr, K McKenna, P TI Radiative Signatures of Laser Driven Wakes in Plasmas SO LASER ACCELERATION OF ELECTRONS, PROTONS, AND IONS AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF LASER-GENERATED SECONDARY SOURCES OF RADIATION AND PARTICLES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Acceleration of Electrons, Protons, and Ions and Medical Applications of Laser-Generated Secondary Sources of Radiation and Particles CY APR 18-20, 2011 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE DE Laser wakefield; Forward scattering AB In laser driven accelerators, the interaction of laser radiation with plasma leads to a variety of scattering mechansims. The scattered radiation can be used to understand the wake structure and its effect on electron acceleration. In the case of a resonantly driven quasi-linear wake, spectral broadening due to photon acceleration and deceleration is related to the coupling of energy into plasma waves. Simultaneous time and frequency analysis of the laser fields produces distinctive features in the photon phase space that give information on wake generation in long plasma channels. The ponderomotive guiding center algorithm is advantageous for modeling such interactions because it allows for averaging over optical cycles, and can be implemented in axisymmetric geometry. In the case of the nonlinear wakes that are driven in the self-guided regime, a region of electron cavitation is formed, which emits electro-optic shocks at the second harmonic of the drive laser. The form of this radiation can be correlated with electron trapping. C1 [Gordon, Daniel F.; Helle, Michael H.; Kaganovich, Dmitri; Ting, Antonio] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gordon, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daniel.gordon@nrl.navy.mil OI Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8669-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8079 AR 80790J DI 10.1117/12.889997 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BVP08 UT WOS:000292144900005 ER PT S AU Helle, MH Gordon, DF Kaganovich, D Ting, A AF Helle, Michael H. Gordon, Daniel F. Kaganovich, Dmitri Ting, Antonio BE Leemans, WP Esarey, E Hooker, SM Ledingham, KWD Spohr, K McKenna, P TI Electro-Optic Detection of Ultrashort Electron Beams: moving beyond the transverse optical phonon resonance SO LASER ACCELERATION OF ELECTRONS, PROTONS, AND IONS AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF LASER-GENERATED SECONDARY SOURCES OF RADIATION AND PARTICLES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Acceleration of Electrons, Protons, and Ions and Medical Applications of Laser-Generated Secondary Sources of Radiation and Particles CY APR 18-20, 2011 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE DE Ultrashort Relativistic Beams; Temporal Profiling; Frequency Mixing ID RADIATION AB Recent theoretical work has provided new insight into the physics of Electro-Optic detection of ultrashort relativistic electron beams. 1 Typically, Electro-Optic detection has been restricted to bunches longer than similar to 100 fs. This limitation is due to the transverse optical (TO) phonon resonance that most Electro-Optic materials exhibit in the THz range. Once the electron bunch profile becomes short enough so that a significant portion of its frequency components reside above this resonance frequency, the temporal profile of the space charge field begins to distort as it propagates through the crystal. This distortion becomes more significant as the bunch becomes shorter and destroys the ability of current decoding techniques to resolve the original bunch profile. It is possible to circumvent this issue by realizing that for these higher frequency components it is no longer valid to rely on the formalism of Pockels effect. Instead, sum and difference frequency generation must be taken into account. Using nonlinear three-wave mixing to describe the process, a new technique that promises the order of magnitude increase in resolution necessary to measure the ultrashort bunches produced by laser wakefield accelerators has been developed. This technique provides both phase and amplitude information about the generated pulse from which, in principle, the temporal profile can be reconstructed. C1 [Helle, Michael H.; Gordon, Daniel F.; Kaganovich, Dmitri; Ting, Antonio] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Helle, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mike.helle@nrl.navy.mil OI Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8669-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8079 AR 80790I DI 10.1117/12.889985 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BVP08 UT WOS:000292144900004 ER PT S AU Pique, A Kim, H Auyeung, R Birnbaum, A Charipar, N Metkus, K Mathews, S AF Pique, Alberto Kim, Heungsoo Auyeung, Ray Birnbaum, Andrew Charipar, Nicholas Metkus, Kristin Mathews, Scott BE Pfleging, W Lu, Y Washio, K Amako, J Hoving, W TI Laser Forward Transfer for Digital Microfabrication SO LASER-BASED MICRO- AND NANOPACKAGING AND ASSEMBLY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser-Based Micro- and Nano-Packaging and Assembly V (LBMP) CY JAN 25-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Laser forward transfer; laser decal transfer; direct-write; digital microfabrication ID DIRECT-WRITE; ELECTRODES AB Digital microfabrication processes are non-lithographic techniques ideally capable of directly generating patterns and structures of functional materials for the rapid prototyping of electronic, optical and sensor devices. Laser Direct-Write is an example of digital microfabrication that offers unique advantages and capabilities. A key advantage of laser direct-write techniques is their compatibility with a wide range of materials, surface chemistries and surface morphologies. These processes have been demonstrated in the fabrication of a wide variety of microelectronic elements such as interconnects, passives, antennas, sensors, power sources and embedded circuits. Recently, a novel laser direct-write technique able to digitally microfabricate thin film-like structures has been developed at the Naval Research Laboratory. This technique, known as Laser Decal Transfer, is capable of generating patterns with excellent lateral resolution and thickness uniformity using high viscosity metallic nano-inks. The high degree of control in size and shape achievable has been applied to the digital microfabrication of 3-dimensional stacked assemblies, MEMS-like structures and freestanding interconnects. Overall, laser forward transfer is perhaps the most flexible digital microfabrication process available in terms of materials versatility, substrate compatibility and range of speed, scale and resolution. This paper will describe the unique advantages and capabilities of laser decal transfer, discuss its applications and explore its role in the future of digital microfabrication. C1 [Pique, Alberto; Kim, Heungsoo; Auyeung, Ray; Birnbaum, Andrew; Charipar, Nicholas; Metkus, Kristin; Mathews, Scott] USN, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), USN, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Res Lab, Code 6364, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pique@nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8458-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7921 AR 792104 DI 10.1117/12.870998 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BYC53 UT WOS:000297972700004 ER PT S AU Sanghera, J Kim, W Villalobos, G Baker, C Frantz, J Shaw, B Bayya, S Sadowski, B Hunt, M Aggarwal, I AF Sanghera, Jasbinder Kim, Woohong Villalobos, Guillermo Baker, Colin Frantz, Jesse Shaw, Brandon Bayya, Shyam Sadowski, Bryan Hunt, Michael Aggarwal, Ishwar BE Dubinskii, M Post, SG TI Transparent ceramics for high power solid state lasers SO LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Laser Technology for Defense and Security VII CY APR 25-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Spinel; Transparent ceramics; Laser ceramics; beta-SiC AB We report results for high quality transparent ceramic window materials (spinel and beta-SiC) and high power solid state laser materials (Yb:Y2O3 and Yb:Lu2O3). Spinel ceramic demonstrates a record low absorption loss of 6 ppm/cm at 1.06 mu m. We also report optical transparency from a beta-SiC ceramic fabricated by the Spark Plasma Sintering technique. Capability of fabricating various shape and size of spinel ceramics is also demonstrated. We report lasing in hot pressed Yb3+:Y2O3 and Yb3+:Lu2O3 ceramic made from co-precipitated powder. Highest output power and efficiency from heavily doped Yb3+ doped Lu2O3 ceramic are reported. C1 [Sanghera, Jasbinder; Kim, Woohong; Villalobos, Guillermo; Baker, Colin; Frantz, Jesse; Shaw, Brandon; Bayya, Shyam] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sanghera, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Baker, Colin/I-6657-2015 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-613-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8039 AR 803903 DI 10.1117/12.882806 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BVO30 UT WOS:000292040500002 ER PT J AU Shtykov, NM Panov, VP Vij, JK Naciri, J AF Shtykov, N. M. Panov, V. P. Vij, J. K. Naciri, J. TI A study of a ferroelectric organosiloxane liquid crystal with a high spontaneous polarisation SO LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article DE ferroelectric liquid crystals; electroclinic effect; pyroelectric coefficient; smectic layer shrinkage; de Vries materials; dielectric permittivity; freestanding films ID SMECTIC-C; TILT ANGLE; PHASES; TRANSITIONS; FIELD AB The dielectric permittivity, the pyroelectric coefficient and the smectic layer thickness of a novel ferroelectric organosiloxane liquid crystalline material 12KN5DSi were measured as functions of the temperature and the bias electric field in the orthogonal and tilted phases of the material. It was found that this material has a very high spontaneous polarisation (similar to 240 nC/cm(2)) in the smectic C* (SmC*) phase and also demonstrates an unusual behaviour of the pyroelectric coefficient and the smectic layer thickness in a temperature range just below the phase transition from the smectic A* (SmA*) phase. This unusual behaviour is interpreted in terms of the new statistical theory based on order parameters of the SmC* phase. C1 [Shtykov, N. M.] Russian Acad Sci, AV Shubnikov Crystallog Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Panov, V. P.; Vij, J. K.] Univ Dublin, Trinity Coll, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Dublin, Ireland. [Naciri, J.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shtykov, NM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AV Shubnikov Crystallog Inst, Moscow, Russia. EM nshtykov@mail.ru RI Panov, Vitaly/J-7543-2013; OI Vij, Jagdish K/0000-0001-7918-126X FU Russian Ministry of Science and Education [P1430, 02.740.11.5166]; Science Foundation Ireland SFI [02/IN.1/I031] FX We thank C. Blanc and V. Lorman for help with the X-ray measurements. N.M.S. acknowledges the support of the Russian Ministry of Science and Education Project No. P1430 and Project No. 02.740.11.5166. Work in Trinity College Dublin was funded by Science Foundation Ireland SFI Grant No. 02/IN.1/I031. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-8292 EI 1366-5855 J9 LIQ CRYST JI Liq. Cryst. PY 2011 VL 38 IS 5 BP 521 EP 529 DI 10.1080/02678292.2011.555885 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 762YL UT WOS:000290518000001 ER PT S AU Reck, J Wang, YM Kuo, HH AF Reck, James Wang, Yar-Ming Kuo, Hong-Hsiang (Harry) BE Sillekens, WH Agnew, SR Neelameggham, NR Mathaudhu, SN TI DEVELOPMENT OF ZIRCONIUM-BASED CONVERSION COATINGS FOR THE PRETREATMENT OF AZ91D MAGNESIUM ALLOY PRIOR TO ELECTROCOATING SO MAGNESIUM TECHNOLOGY 2011 SE Magnesium Technology Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Magnesium Technology held during TMS 140th Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 27-MAR 03, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP The Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, The Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Light Met Div, Magnesium Comm DE AZ91D; zirconia; conversion coating ID SURFACE PRETREATMENT; CORROSION BEHAVIOR; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; COATED STEEL; MECHANISM; TITANIUM; TI AB This work examines the use of hexafluorozirconic acid based solutions at concentrations from 0.025 M to 0.100 M and pH values of 2.0 to 4.0 for the creation of a zirconia-based conversion coating less than 1 micron thick to protect magnesium alloy AZ91D. Similar coatings have been found to give excellent protection for steel and aluminum alloys, but little research has been conducted on its application to magnesium. Work was performed to gain an understanding of the film formation mechanisms and related kinetics using x-ray photo-electron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and open circuit potential monitoring techniques. A design of experiments approach was taken to determine the effects of acid concentration, pH, and soak time on the corrosion properties both as-deposited and with an application of electrocoat. It was found that the application of the zirconia-based coating significantly increased corrosion resistance, and allowed for an acceptable e-coat application with excellent adherence. C1 [Reck, James] United States Navy, 1240 Isaac Hull Ave SE, Washington Navy Yard, DC 20376 USA. [Wang, Yar-Ming; Kuo, Hong-Hsiang (Harry)] GM R&D Ctr, Warren, MI 48090 USA. RP Reck, J (reprint author), United States Navy, 1240 Isaac Hull Ave SE, Washington Navy Yard, DC 20376 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND SN 1545-4150 BN 978-1-11802-936-7 J9 MAGNESIUM TECHNOLOGY PY 2011 BP 523 EP 529 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BHC57 UT WOS:000324984000097 ER PT S AU Faucett, DC Choi, SR AF Faucett, D. Calvin Choi, Sung R. BE Singh, D Salem, J Widjaja, S TI EFFECTS OF PRELOADING ON FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGE IN AN N720/ALUMINA OXIDE/OXIDE CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITE SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES VI SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mechanical Behavior and Performance of Ceramics and Composites Symposium during the 35th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC) CY JAN 23-28, 2011 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Engn Ceram Div (ECD) ID STEEL BALL PROJECTILES; GRADE SILICON NITRIDES; IMPACT DAMAGE; STRENGTH DEGRADATION; SIC/SIC COMPOSITE; SURFACES; BEHAVIOR; AMBIENT; SPHERES; MODEL AB Foreign object damage (FOD) of an N720/aiumina oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composite (CMC) was assessed with 1.59 mm-diameter hardened steel ball projectiles using an impact velocity range of 150 to 350 m/s at a normal incidence angle. Targets were ballistically impacted under tensile preloading with three different levels of load factors of 0, 30, and 50 %. Frontal impact damage was in the form of craters and increased in size with increasing impact velocity. Subsurface damage beneath the impact sites was associated with fiber/matrix breakage, collapse of pores (compaction), tows' bend/breakage/protrusion, delamination, and formation of cone cracks. Difference in FOD between preloading and non-preloading was noticeable particularly at 350 m/s with a load factor 30 %, where the targets were on the brink of penetration by projectiles, resulting in significant strength degradation as well. C1 [Faucett, D. Calvin; Choi, Sung R.] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Choi, SR (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM sung.choi1@navy.mil NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-118-05987-6 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2011 VL 32 IS 2 BP 89 EP 100 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BEE94 UT WOS:000316347000009 ER PT J AU Springborg, R AF Springborg, Robert TI The Political Economy of the Arab Spring SO MEDITERRANEAN POLITICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Springborg, R (reprint author), USN, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rdspring@nps.edu NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1362-9395 J9 MEDITERR POLIT JI Mediterr. Polit. PY 2011 VL 16 IS 3 BP 427 EP 433 DI 10.1080/13629395.2011.613678 PG 7 WC Area Studies; International Relations; Political Science SC Area Studies; International Relations; Government & Law GA 884AU UT WOS:000299678100005 ER PT S AU Agrawal, B Kubby, J AF Agrawal, Brij Kubby, Joel BE Olivier, SS Bifano, TG Kubby, JA TI Applications of MEMS in Segmented Mirror Space Telescopes SO MEMS ADAPTIVE OPTICS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS Adaptive Optics V CY JAN 25-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, ALPAO, Boston Micromachines Corp, IRIS AO, Inc ID DEFORMABLE MIRROR; ADAPTIVE OPTICS AB Development of space telescopes, such as the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Telescope has been very challenging in terms of cost, schedule, and performance. For several future space missions, larger aperture and lightweight deployable mirrors, in the range of 10-20 meters in diameter with high surface accuracy, are required. In order to achieve lightweight, reduce cost for development and provide performance robustness, actuated hybrid mirror (AHM) technology is under development. The Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) recently received a 3-meter diameter space telescope testbed with six segments that uses an AHM technology. This paper will discuss the work performed at NPS on the surface control of the primary mirror using adaptive optics. This paper will also discuss how we can use a MEMS deformable mirror to improve the performance of the NPS segmented mirror telescope. The high-stroke, high-order actuated MEMS deformable mirror will correct the residual alignment and surface errors that are not corrected by the actuators on the mirrors. The mirror will use electrostatic actuation to eliminate the need for power to hold its position and will be capable of open-loop, go-to positioning. C1 [Agrawal, Brij] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Agrawal, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8468-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7931 AR 793102 DI 10.1117/12.876503 PG 17 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BYC93 UT WOS:000298045000001 ER PT S AU Andrews, JR Martinez, T Teare, SW Restaino, SR Wilcox, CC Santiago, F Payne, DM AF Andrews, Jonathan R. Martinez, Ty Teare, Scott W. Restaino, Sergio R. Wilcox, Christopher C. Santiago, Freddie Payne, Don M. BE Olivier, SS Bifano, TG Kubby, JA TI A multi-conjugate adaptive optics testbed using two MEMS deformable mirrors SO MEMS ADAPTIVE OPTICS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS Adaptive Optics V CY JAN 25-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, ALPAO, Boston Micromachines Corp, IRIS AO, Inc AB Adaptive optics (AO) systems are well demonstrated in the literature with both laboratory and real-world systems being developed. Some of these systems have employed MEMS deformable mirrors as their active corrective element. More recent work in AO for astronomical applications has focused on providing correction in more than one conjugate plane. Additionally, horizontal path AO systems are exploring correction in multiple conjugate planes. This provides challenges for a laboratory system as the aberrations need to be generated and corrected in more than one plane in the optical system. Our work with compact AO systems employing MEMS technology in addition to liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM) driven aberration generators has been scaled up to a two conjugate plane testbed. Using two SLM based aberration generators and two separate wavefront sensors, the system can apply correction with two MEMS deformable mirrors. The challenges in such a system are to properly match non-identical components and weight the correction algorithm for correcting in two planes. This paper demonstrates preliminary results and analysis with this system with wavefront data and residual error measurements. C1 [Andrews, Jonathan R.; Martinez, Ty; Restaino, Sergio R.; Wilcox, Christopher C.; Santiago, Freddie] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Andrews, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7216,3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM jonathan.andrews@kirtland.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8468-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7931 AR 79310C DI 10.1117/12.884788 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BYC93 UT WOS:000298045000011 ER PT S AU Restaino, SR Andrews, JR Martinez, T Wilcox, CC Santiago, F Payne, DM Teare, SW AF Restaino, Sergio R. Andrews, Jonathan R. Martinez, Ty Wilcox, Christopher C. Santiago, Freddie Payne, Don M. Teare, Scott W. BE Olivier, SS Bifano, TG Kubby, JA TI MEMs Adaptive Optics for Horizontal Turbulence Correction SO MEMS ADAPTIVE OPTICS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS Adaptive Optics V CY JAN 25-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, ALPAO, Boston Micromachines Corp, IRIS AO, Inc AB For the past decade our group has been involved in the development and test of small portable Adaptive Optics (AO) systems based on MEMs Deformable Mirrors (DM) technology. The main trust of this activity was toward what is usually referred as vertical propagation of the light that is the common situation for astronomical applications. However, in the past couple of years our efforts have been towards the correction of horizontal path imagery. In this regime the atmospheric turbulence presents different types of problems such to make the development of AO systems much more demanding. Once again one of the starting points for us is the development of a test bed where AO components and algorithms can be tested under well controlled conditions. C1 [Restaino, Sergio R.; Andrews, Jonathan R.; Martinez, Ty; Wilcox, Christopher C.; Santiago, Freddie] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7216,3550 Aberdeen SE, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8468-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7931 AR 793105 DI 10.1117/12.875100 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BYC93 UT WOS:000298045000004 ER PT B AU Phinney, S Crane, NJ Gage, FA Gorbach, AM Elster, EA AF Phinney, Samuel Crane, Nicole J. Gage, Frederick A. Gorbach, Alexander M. Elster, Eric A. BE Uygun, K Lee, CY TI Use of Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy in Assessment of Organ Perfusion SO METHODS IN BIOENGINEERING: ORGAN PRESERVATION AND REENGINEERING SE Artech House Methods in Bioengineering Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE imaging; infrared imaging (IR); organ perfusion; three-charged coupled device (3-CCD); visible reflectance imaging system (VRIS); ischemia/reperfusion injury; renal transplantation; pump perfusion ID VISIBLE-LIGHT SPECTROSCOPY; IN-VIVO; OXYGEN-SATURATION; INTRAOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; PULSATILE PERFUSION; TISSUE PERFUSION; RENAL-ALLOGRAFTS; NITRIC-OXIDE; BLOOD-FLOW AB We present procedures to use imaging to assess organ perfusion in an ischemia/reperfusion injury model in the intraoperative and organ procurement setting, in particular, on pump perfusion. These technologies, namely 3-CCD, IR, and VRIS imaging, use the spectral signatures of kidneys to determine tissue oxygenation and perfusion. This information not only correlates directly with the physiology of organ perfusion but can be provided in a clinically useful, real-time format. Utilization of the technologies in tandem for quantitative assessment of organ viability is discussed. C1 [Crane, Nicole J.; Gage, Frederick A.; Elster, Eric A.] USN, Dept Regenerat Med, Operat & Undersea Med Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Phinney, Samuel] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Gorbach, Alexander M.] Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & Bioengn, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Elster, Eric A.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Elster, EA (reprint author), USN, Dept Regenerat Med, Operat & Undersea Med Directorate, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM eric.elster1@med.navy.mil NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-013-8 J9 ARTECH HSE METH BIOE JI Art. Hse. Meth. Bioengr. Ser. PY 2011 BP 137 EP 159 PG 23 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Engineering, Biomedical; Transplantation SC Cell Biology; Engineering; Transplantation GA BVN87 UT WOS:000292008900008 ER PT J AU Pai, RS Crain, MM Walsh, KM AF Pai, Rekha S. Crain, Mark M. Walsh, Kevin M. TI Maskless shaping of gold stud bumps as high aspect ratio microstructures SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Three dimensional; Microelectrodes; High surface area; Microstructures; Gold stud bump; Maskless patterning; Replica molding; Nanoimprinting; MEMS ID NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; FABRICATION; ELECTRODES AB Micro/nanoimprinting is a simple and economical way of patterning polymeric structures over large areas. This paper seeks to extend this technique to fabricate three dimensional (3D) metallic microstructures, even in trenches and constrained areas using a flip chip bonder in conjunction with a wire bonder. In this two step process, gold stud bumps were placed first on sputtered metal at appropriate locations using a wire bonder capillary tool. The second step involved flattening of the said gold bump followed by in situ restructuring into high aspect ratio microstructures using deep reactive ion etched (DRIE) silicon molds coated with an anti-stiction agent. This process produced microstructures of differing geometries and sizes ranging in height from 1-50 mu m and aspect ratios from a low 0.3:1 to as much as 4:1 (with uniformity). The data obtained for 26 different templates, with varying imprint areas, were analyzed and a strong correlation of 1.62X (SD = 0.3) was observed between the force applied and the heights of the resulting microstructures. Final microstructure yield enhancement was around 70% with this technique in comparison to the traditional electroplating through mask approach. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pai, Rekha S.; Crain, Mark M.; Walsh, Kevin M.] Univ Louisville, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Pai, RS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6365 Mat & Sensors,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rekha.pai@nrl.navy.mil FU Department of Energy [4-64111-01-0950]; University of Louisville FX Financial support for this work was provided by the Department of Energy through Grant # 4-64111-01-0950. Rekha S. Pai was funded by a University of Louisville fellowship during this project. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 88 IS 1 BP 135 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.mee.2010.08.005 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 694HG UT WOS:000285285000027 ER PT J AU Stander, VA Thomsen, CJ Merrill, LL Rabenhorst, MM Crouch, JL Milner, JS AF Stander, Valerie A. Thomsen, Cynthia J. Merrill, Lex L. Rabenhorst, Mandy M. Crouch, Julie L. Milner, Joel S. TI Gender and Military Contextual Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Aggression SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; CHILD PHYSICAL ABUSE; NAVY RECRUIT SAMPLE; US ARMY SOLDIERS; PREVENTION PROGRAMS; CONFLICT-RESOLUTION; SPOUSAL AGGRESSION; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; VIETNAM VETERANS; SEXUAL-ABUSE AB This study explored individual and military risk factors for intimate partner aggression (IPA) perpetration among Navy personnel in their second year of service. We found some evidence that job stress was related to higher perpetration among men. Contrary to expectations, ship duty was related to lower perpetration rates, even though it involves more military operational stress and more frequent deployments than does shore duty. Premilitary alcohol problems were a stronger risk factor for men than for women, whereas premilitary patterns of aggressive behavior were a stronger risk factor for women. Recommendations for future research and public health interventions are discussed. C1 [Stander, Valerie A.; Thomsen, Cynthia J.; Merrill, Lex L.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Rabenhorst, Mandy M.; Crouch, Julie L.; Milner, Joel S.] No Illinois Univ, Ctr Study Family Violence & Sexual Assault, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Stander, VA (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Code 163,140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM valerie.stander@med.navy.mil NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 12 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2011 VL 23 IS 6 BP 639 EP 658 DI 10.1080/08995605.2011.616808 PG 20 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 878LW UT WOS:000299259500005 ER PT S AU Smith, J Elele, DJ Hall, D Pedriani, C AF Smith, Jeremy Elele, Dr. James Hall, David Pedriani, Charles BE Kelmelis, EJ TI Applying Risk-Based M&S VV&A Techniques to Test and Laboratory Facilities SO MODELING AND SIMULATION FOR DEFENSE SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling and Simulation for Defense Systems and Applications VI CY APR 26-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Risk; Verification; Validation; Accreditation; Model; Simulation; Test Facility; Laboratory AB The Department of Defense (DOD) is exercising a risk-based process for verifying, validating and accrediting models and simulations (M&S) used in system acquisition. Test and laboratory facilities can potentially have even greater potential negative consequences to a program than M&S if there are errors present in the test and analysis results, since test results are usually considered closer to the "truth" than M&S results. This paper will discuss how the risk-based M&S verification, validation and accreditation (VV&A) process is being applied to test and laboratory facilities, issues associated with this different application of the process, and thoughts on the broader applicability of risk-based VV&A beyond the current application. C1 [Smith, Jeremy; Elele, Dr. James] IBST, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Battlespace Modeling V&V,BMS Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Smith, J (reprint author), IBST, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Battlespace Modeling V&V,BMS Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM james.elele@navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-634-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8060 AR 80600K DI 10.1117/12.885251 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BVM98 UT WOS:000291935100015 ER PT J AU Doyle, JD Jiang, QF Smith, RB Grubisic, V AF Doyle, James D. Jiang, Qingfang Smith, Ronald B. Grubisic, Vanda TI Three-Dimensional Characteristics of Stratospheric Mountain Waves during T-REX SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; MESOSCALE MOUNTAINS; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; AIR-FLOW; TOPOGRAPHY; ATMOSPHERE; OBSTACLES; PRESSURE; VORTICES; MODEL AB Measurements from the National Science Foundation/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NSF/NCAR) Gulfstream V (G-V) obtained during the recent Terrain-Induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX) indicate marked differences in the character of the wave response between repeated flight tracks across the Sierra Nevada, which were separated by a distance of approximately 50 km. Observations from several of the G-V research flights indicate that the vertical velocities in the primary wave exhibited variations up to a factor of 2 between the southern and northern portions of the racetrack flight segments in the lower stratosphere, with the largest amplitude waves most often occurring over the southern flight leg, which has a terrain maximum that is 800 m lower than the northern leg. Multiple racetracks at 11.7- and 13.1-km altitudes indicate that these differences were repeatable, which is suggestive that the deviations were likely due to vertically propagating mountain waves that varied systematically in amplitude rather than associated with transients. The cross-mountain horizontal velocity perturbations are also a maximum above the southern portion of the Sierra Nevada ridge. Real data and idealized nonhydrostatic numerical model simulations are used to test the hypothesis that the observed variability in the wave amplitude and characteristics in the along-barrier direction is a consequence of blocking by the three-dimensional Sierra Nevada and the Coriolis effect. The numerical simulation results suggest that wave launching is sensitive to the overall three-dimensional characteristics of the Sierra Nevada barrier, which has an important impact on the wave amplitude and characteristics in the lower stratosphere. Real-time high-resolution Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) forecasts successfully capture the along-barrier variations in the wave amplitude (using vertical velocity as a proxy) as well as skillfully distinguishing between large- and small-amplitude stratospheric wave events during T-REX. C1 [Doyle, James D.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Grubisic, Vanda] Univ Vienna, Vienna, Austria. [Smith, Ronald B.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [Jiang, Qingfang] UCAR, Monterey, CA USA. RP Doyle, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM doyle@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research's Program [0601153N]; National Science Foundation [ATM-112354]; NSF [ATM-0524891]; Department of Defense Major Shared Resource Centers; Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio FX We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the T-REX scientists, forecasters, staff, and NCAR staff and flight crews. The first two authors acknowledge support through the Office of Naval Research's Program Element 0601153N. Prof. Smith's research was supported by a grant to Yale University from the National Science Foundation (NSF Grant ATM-112354). In the early stages of this work, Prof. Grubisic was supported by an NSF Grant ATM-0524891 to the Desert Research Institute. Computational resources were supported in part by a grant of HPC time from the Department of Defense Major Shared Resource Centers, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. COAMPS is a registered trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 139 IS 1 BP 3 EP 23 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3466.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 725NL UT WOS:000287652100001 ER PT S AU Kanaev, AV Walls, TJ AF Kanaev, A. V. Walls, T. J. BA Braun, JJ BF Braun, JJ TI Fusion of Hyperspectral and LADAR Data for Autonomous Target Detection SO MULTISENSOR, MULTISOURCE INFORMATION FUSION: ARCHITECTURES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information Fusion - Architectures, Algorithms, and Applications CY APR 27-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL DE data fusion; hyperspectral imagery; LADAR; registration; maximization of mutual information ID ANOMALY DETECTION; IMAGERY AB Robust fusion of data from disparate sensor modalities can provide improved target detection performance over those attainable with the individual sensors. In particular, detection of low-radiance manmade objects or objects under shadow obscuration in hyperspectral imagery (HSI) with acceptable false alarm rates has proven especially challenging. We have developed a fusion algorithm for the enhanced detection of difficult targets when the HSI data is simultaneously collected with LADAR data. Initial detections are obtained by applying a sub-space RX (SSRX) algorithm to the HSI data. In parallel, LADAR-derived digital elevation map (DEM) is segmented and coordinates of objects within a specific elevation range and size are returned to the HSI processor for their spectral signature extraction. Each extracted signature that has not been already detected by SSRX is used in secondary HSI detection employing the adaptive cosine estimator (ACE) algorithm. We show that spatial distribution of ACE score allows for confident discrimination between background elevations and manmade objects. Key to cross-characterization of the data is the accurate co-alignment of the image data. We have also developed an algorithm for automatic co-registration of ladar and HSI imagery, based on the maximization of mutual information, which can provide accurate, sub-pixel registration even if the case when the imaging geometries for the two sensors differ. Details of both algorithms will be presented and results from application to field data will be discussed. C1 [Kanaev, A. V.; Walls, T. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kanaev, AV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-638-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8064 AR 806408 DI 10.1117/12.883500 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BXX74 UT WOS:000297514600005 ER PT S AU Schaum, A AF Schaum, A. BA Braun, JJ BF Braun, JJ TI The Continuum Fusion theory of signal detection applied to a bi-modal fusion problem SO MULTISENSOR, MULTISOURCE INFORMATION FUSION: ARCHITECTURES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information Fusion - Architectures, Algorithms, and Applications CY APR 27-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL DE bi-modal; continuum fusion; detector; algorithm AB A new formalism has been developed that produces detection algorithms for model-based problems, in which one or more parameter values is unknown. Continuum Fusion can be used to generate different flavors of algorithm for any composite hypothesis testing problem. The methodology is defined by a fusion logic that can be translated into max/min conditions. Here it is applied to a simple sensor fusion model, but one for which the generalized likelihood ratio test is intractable. By contrast, a fusion-based response to the same problem can be devised that is solvable in closed form and represents a good approximation to the GLR test. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Dr, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-638-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8064 AR 806403 DI 10.1117/12.883491 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BXX74 UT WOS:000297514600002 ER PT J AU Rhodes, CP Long, JW Pettigrew, KA Stroud, RM Rolison, DR AF Rhodes, Christopher P. Long, Jeffrey W. Pettigrew, Katherine A. Stroud, Rhonda M. Rolison, Debra R. TI Architectural integration of the components necessary for electrical energy storage on the nanoscale and in 3D SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID MESOPOROUS MANGANESE OXIDE; ULTRATHIN POLY(PHENYLENE OXIDE); ELECTROLESS DEPOSITION; CHARGE-STORAGE; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; CARBON NANOARCHITECTURES; HYBRID NANOARCHITECTURES; POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; THIN-FILMS; NANOWIRES AB We describe fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) multifunctional nanoarchitectures in which the three critical components of a battery-cathode, separator/electrolyte, and anode-are internally assembled as tricontinuous nanoscopic phases. The architecture is initiated using sol-gel chemistry and processing to erect a 3D self-wired nanoparticulate scaffold of manganese oxide (>200 m(2) g(-1)) with a continuous, open, and mesoporous void volume. The integrated 3D system is generated by exhaustive coverage of the oxide network by an ultrathin, conformal layer of insulating polymer that forms via self-limiting electrodeposition of poly(phenylene oxide). The remaining interconnected void volume is then wired with RuO2 nanowebs using subambient thermal decomposition of RuO4. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrates that the three nanoscopic charge-transfer functional components-manganese oxide, polymer separator/cation conductor, and RuO2-exhibit the stratified, tricontinuous design of the phase-by-phase construction. This architecture contains all three components required for a solid-state energy storage device within a void volume sized at tens of nanometres such that nanometre-thick distances are established between the opposing electrodes. We have now demonstrated the ability to assemble multifunctional energy-storage nanoarchitectures on the nanoscale and in three dimensions. C1 [Rhodes, Christopher P.; Long, Jeffrey W.; Pettigrew, Katherine A.; Rolison, Debra R.] USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stroud, Rhonda M.] USN, Res Lab, Mat & Sensors Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Long, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.long@nrl.navy.mil; rolison@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 FU US Office of Naval Research; Office of the Secretary of Defense FX Financial support for this work was provided by the US Office of Naval Research and the Office of the Secretary of Defense ONR-MURI Program on 3D Architectures for Future Electrochemical Power Sources (2001-2006). C. P. R. was an ONR-MURI post-doctoral associate (2002-2005); K. A. P. was an NRC-NRL postdoctoral associate (2004-2007). NR 51 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 53 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2011 VL 3 IS 4 BP 1731 EP 1740 DI 10.1039/c0nr00731e PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 747FY UT WOS:000289306900056 PM 21327256 ER PT J AU Mebane, WL Carlson, CM Dowd, C Singer, DJ Buckley, ME AF Mebane, Walter L. Carlson, Craig M. Dowd, Chris Singer, David J. Buckley, Michael E. TI Set-Based Design and the Ship to Shore Connector SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The Ship to Shore Connector (SSC), a replacement for the Landing Craft, Air Cushion (LCAC), is the first government-led design of a ship in over 15 years. This paper will discuss the changes that a government-led design presents to the design approach, including schedule, organization structure, and design methodology. While presenting challenges, a government-led design also afforded the opportunity to implement a new technique for assessing various systems and ship alternatives, set-based design (SBD). The necessity for implementing SBD was the desire to design SSC from a blank sheet of paper and the need for a replacement craft in a short time frame. That is, the LCACs need to be replaced and consequently the preliminary design phase of the SSC program will only be 12 months. This paper will describe SBD and how it was applied to the SSC, the challenges that the program faced, and an assessment of the new methodology, along with recommendations that future design programs should consider when adopting this approach. C1 [Mebane, Walter L.; Carlson, Craig M.; Dowd, Chris] Naval Sea Syst Command NAVSEA, Future Concepts & Surface Ship Design Directorate, Washington, DC USA. [Mebane, Walter L.] USN, Combatant Programs, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Singer, David J.] Univ Michigan, Coll Engn, Dept Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2011 VL 123 IS 3 BP 79 EP 92 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2011.00332.x PG 14 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 883IZ UT WOS:000299628900007 ER PT J AU Hoffer, ME Balaban, CD AF Hoffer, Michael E. Balaban, Carey D. TI Vestibular Rehabilitation: Ready for the Mainstream SO NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hoffer, Michael E.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Spatial Orientat Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Balaban, Carey D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Eye & Ear Inst 107, Dept Otolaryngol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Balaban, Carey D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Eye & Ear Inst 107, Dept Neurobiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Balaban, Carey D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Eye & Ear Inst 107, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Balaban, Carey D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Eye & Ear Inst 107, Dept Bioengn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Hoffer, ME (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Spatial Orientat Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM Mehoffer100@gmail.com; balabancd@upmc.edu OI Balaban, Carey/0000-0002-3570-3844 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1053-8135 J9 NEUROREHABILITATION JI Neurorehabilitation PY 2011 VL 29 IS 2 BP 125 EP 125 DI 10.3233/NRE-2011-0686 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 842IB UT WOS:000296589600002 PM 22027073 ER PT J AU Lukin, VS Linton, MG AF Lukin, V. S. Linton, M. G. TI Three-dimensional magnetic reconnection through a moving magnetic null SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 3D RECONNECTION; KINEMATIC RECONNECTION; CYLINDRICAL SPHEROMAK; TILTING INSTABILITY; TEARING MODE; FIELDS; PLASMAS; COLLISIONLESS; EVOLUTION; TOKAMAK AB A computational study of three-dimensional magnetic reconnection between two flux ropes through a moving reconnection site is presented. The configuration is considered in the context of two interacting spheromaks constrained by a perfectly conducting cylindrical boundary and oriented to form a single magnetic field null at its center. The initial magnetic field configuration is embedded into a uniform thermal plasma and is unstable to tilting. As the spheromaks tilt, their magnetic fields begin to reconnect at the null, subsequently displacing both the null and the reconnection site. The motion of the reconnection region and the magnetic null are shown to be correlated, with stronger correlation and faster reconnection observed in plasmas with lower thermal to magnetic pressure ratio. It is also shown that ion inertial effects allow for yet faster reconnection, but do not qualitatively change the dynamics of the process. Implications of the coupling between moving magnetic nulls and reconnection sites, as well as of possible mechanisms for fast reconnection through a moving reconnection region, are discussed. The simulations are conducted using both single-fluid and Hall MHD plasma models within the HiFi multi-fluid modeling framework. C1 [Lukin, V. S.; Linton, M. G.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lukin, VS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vlukin1@mailaps.org FU US Office of Naval Research; NASA; US DOD FX We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of A. H. Glasser and W. Lowrie to the development of the HiFi code. We also thank M. R. Brown and T. Gray for helpful discussions and the anonymous referees for many helpful comments. This work has been funded by the US Office of Naval Research and NASA SR&T and LWS programs. The computing time necessary for the simulation results reported in the manuscript has been granted under the US DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. NR 51 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2011 VL 18 IS 6 BP 871 EP 882 DI 10.5194/npg-18-871-2011 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 866GC UT WOS:000298367500007 ER PT J AU Alley, D Mullen, L Laux, A AF Alley, Derek Mullen, Linda Laux, Alan GP IEEE TI Compact, Dual-Wavelength, Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) Underwater Imager SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE underwater; optical imaging; optical communications; scattering AB High scattering environments, such as fog, sand, and turbid ocean water, severely degrade the performance of typical line-of-sight(LOS)/pseudo-monostatic imaging systems where the laser and receiver are on the same platform. Researchers at NAVAIR have developed a unique non-line-of-sight (NLOS)/bistatic imaging system where the illuminator and receiver are on separate platforms and are linked via wireless optical communication signal that is carried via the target-reflected light. The illuminator is placed close to the target, eliminating a majority of the forward and back scatter that occurs on the way to the target. This system is not hindered by multiple scattering in the path from the object to the receiver which allows it to achieve good image quality through much higher attenuation lengths than typical LOS imaging systems. A compact, dual optical wavelength system has been developed and is currently being tested in a laboratory environment. Results from this testing will be presented and plans for future work will be discussed. C1 [Alley, Derek; Mullen, Linda; Laux, Alan] NAVAIR, EO & Special Mission Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Alley, D (reprint author), NAVAIR, EO & Special Mission Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD USA. EM derek.m.alley@navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005801174 ER PT J AU Marston, TM Kennedy, JL Marston, PL AF Marston, Timothy M. Kennedy, Jermaine L. Marston, Philip L. GP IEEE TI Coherent and Semi-Coherent Processing of Limited-Aperture Circular Synthetic Aperture (CSAS) Data SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE circular synthetic aperture sonar; unexploded ordinance; subaperture; semicoherent imaging; classification ID TILTED SOLID CYLINDER; BACKSCATTERING ENHANCEMENTS; RAYLEIGH-WAVES; REFLECTION; WATER; SONAR AB Circular synthetic aperture sonar (CSAS) traditionally involves the coherent processing of 360 degree scattering information from acoustic targets. To obtain 360 degree scattering information, a source may circle around a central target field and constantly illuminate targets from multiple aspects. Another method of obtaining CSAS data is to fix the source location and spin a target on a rotating mount. Following data reception, a variety of methods in the Fourier or time-domain may be used to construct images. For certain targets, resonances and elastic effects can interfere with the specular portions of backscattered echoes. The time-delay associated with elastic or resonant responses destroys the uniqueness of the location to which the signal is mapped, and occasionally these resonant features can be mapped directly on top of target specular features, causing destructive interference and reduced image clarity. Destructive interference can be reduced and image clarity enhanced by incoherently summing separate images generated from sub-apertures of CSAS data. Additionally, limiting the aperture and frequency band of the pre-processed data before applying an imaging algorithm is an effective method for understanding and localizing various elastic and non-elastic target responses. In a solid 3-to-1 cylinder, for example, effects such as meridional and face-crossing rays cause well defined image features that are prominently visible when limiting the aperture to the angular portions in which these rays are the dominant elastic effects. Further analysis may be obtained by masking portions of these sub-aperture images and reversing the imaging process. This can be used to directly relate target image features to the angular frequency response (colorplot) of the target. An added benefit of this reversal process is that signals from surrounding objects, and the random noise spread throughout the image scene can be rejected by an image masking process, and the resulting time-domain information has an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio. This effect has been successfully demonstrated on data acquired in field-tests, and in controlled laboratory experiments with real and replicated Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) objects. A "Projection-Slice" based CSAS script has been tested on data acquired at sea by an unmanned vehicle, as well as in laboratory experiments from UXO objects placed on a rotational mount. The laboratory based full scale UXO datasets were acquired in a controlled environment for full 360 degree aperture in a free-field configuration. The measurements were conducted at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Panama City Division (NSWC PCD), facility T-2069 Barge Acoustic Test Facility, which has a 31.5 feet wide, 62 feet long, and 28 ft deep vinyl linear encapsulating 423,000 gallons of isothermal freshwater. The full scale targets examined included an inert 100 mm UXO target, a machined 100 mm aluminum facsimile UXO target, and a cylinder with a notch. The targets were suspended from a rotation stage, with 360 degree rotation capability, in the water column and insonified by a broadband acoustic projector. Preliminary results have also demonstrated the ability to image high-resolution circular synthetic aperture data in which the sonar platform, Remote Environmental Monitoring Units (REMUS) 600 unmanned underwater vehicle, was programmed to circle sunken objects. [Research supported by Office of Naval Research and The Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) under projects MM-1665 and MM-1666.] C1 [Marston, Timothy M.; Kennedy, Jermaine L.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. [Marston, Timothy M.] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Marston, TM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. EM timothy.m.marston@navy.mil; marston@wsu.edu FU Washington State University; NSWC PCD Barge ATF FX The authors acknowledge and give special thanks Jon LaFollett for use of the proud 3-to-1 solid aluminum cylinder data collected at Washington State University, and to Lisa Arrieta, Manager of the NSWC PCD Barge ATF, for supporting the use of the test facility and equipment resources. In addition, special thanks to Nick Pineda for his expertise in collecting free field UXO data. Finally, the authors also wish to thank: Steven G. Kargl, Kevin L. Williams, Aubrey Espana, Russ Light, Vern Miller, and Paul Aguilar of Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington for supplying the machined replica UXOs. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005801181 ER PT B AU Bassler, CC Miller, RW AF Bassler, Christopher C. Miller, Ronald W. GP ASME TI THREE-DIMENSIONAL EFFECTS FOR A SHIP EXPERIENCING LARGE AMPLITUDE ROLL MOTION SO OMAE2011: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 30TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OCEAN, OFFSHORE AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING, VOL 6: OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering CY JUN 19-24, 2011 CL Rotterdam, NETHERLANDS SP ASME, Ocean Offshore & Arctic Engn Div ID PHASE LEVEL SET AB Recent advancements have been made to consider the effects of large amplitude motions for roll damping models used for numerical ship motion performance assessments. These advancements have been focused on the development and expansion of models for potential flow simulation tools with sectional formulations. However, additional 3D effects due to vortex shedding, flow convection downstream, waves, and bilge keel emergence and submergence during large roll motion may be important, but are typically neglected in the sectional formulations. A series of RANS computations were performed for both 2D and 3D conditions of large amplitude ship roll motion, with and without forward speed, and in calm water and in waves. Comparisons were made to available experimental data for the 2D calm water conditions at zero-speed. These results were then assessed with the 3D conditions to develop improved understanding of additional 3D effects, including forward speed and waves, which should be considered for future developments of strip-theory approaches for ship motions prediction. C1 [Bassler, Christopher C.; Miller, Ronald W.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Bassler, CC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4438-0 PY 2011 BP 371 EP 388 PG 18 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BDT62 UT WOS:000314793000040 ER PT B AU Bassler, CC Reed, AM Brown, AJ AF Bassler, Christopher C. Reed, Arthur M. Brown, Alan J. GP ASME TI A PIECEWISE MODEL FOR PREDICTION OF LARGE AMPLITUDE TOTAL SHIP ROLL DAMPING SO OMAE2011: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 30TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OCEAN, OFFSHORE AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING, VOL 6: OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering CY JUN 19-24, 2011 CL Rotterdam, NETHERLANDS SP ASME, Ocean Offshore & Arctic Engn Div AB A piecewise is presented to model total ship roll damping, with considerations for large amplitude roll motion effects, such as bilge keel interaction with the free-surface. The model is based on the consideration of distinct ship-specific physical phenomena, such as bilge keel emergence. Abrupt physical changes occur with these events, resulting in significant changes in the damping characteristics of the system. Without these considerations, roll motion may be under-predicted. Some additional considerations needed for the practical implementation of the proposed piecewise model are also discussed. C1 [Bassler, Christopher C.; Reed, Arthur M.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Brown, Alan J.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Bassler, CC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4438-0 PY 2011 BP 389 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BDT62 UT WOS:000314793000041 ER PT B AU Minnick, L Kent, C Bassler, C Percival, S Hanyok, L AF Minnick, Lisa Kent, Christopher Bassler, Christopher Percival, Scott Hanyok, Lauren GP ASME TI KINEMATICS OF EXPERIMENTALLY GENERATED SEVERE WAVE CONDITIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NUMERICAL MODELS SO OMAE2011: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 30TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OCEAN, OFFSHORE AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING, VOL 6: OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering CY JUN 19-24, 2011 CL Rotterdam, NETHERLANDS SP ASME, Ocean Offshore & Arctic Engn Div ID ACCELERATIONS; WATER AB An experiment was performed to measure and characterize wave kinematics in a large-scale experimental basin. The primary objective was to measure and characterize the wave kinematics of both regular waves of varying steepness and scaled irregular seas with embedded large-amplitude wave groups. The secondary objective was to provide a validation data set for wave theory and numerical simulation tool development. Measurements included free surface elevations and velocity field measurements under the free surface using particle image velocimetry (PIV). A discussion of free surface elevation data, the effect of wave steepness on the velocity profile of regular waves and an introduction to the analysis of the wave kinematics of the embedded wave groups was presented in a previous paper by the authors (OMAE2010-20240). The current paper expands on the analysis presented in the previous paper, providing a discussion of the effect of wave group composition, wave group location within irregular seas, and seaway scaling on the kinematics. This experiment is part of an ongoing effort at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division (NSWCCD) to improve predictions and measurement of ship motions in waves and assess the dynamic stability and seakeeping performance of naval ships. NSWCCD has developed a deterministic wave generation method to be used in its seakeeping basin facility. The exploration of the above factors provides a better understanding of the employed method and its effectiveness for creating wave groups. Specifically, to model realistic severe conditions that a ship may encounter. These findings, in turn, lead to the possibility of improvements to current model testing methods at NSWCCD. In addition to assessing the experimental methods employed, the experimental data set can also be used to validate and improve current numerical wave models for ship motions prediction. A comparison of the measured wave elevations and kinematics with a pseudo-spectral numerical wave model is also presented and discussed. C1 [Minnick, Lisa; Bassler, Christopher; Percival, Scott; Hanyok, Lauren] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Kent, Christopher] Comp Sci Corp, Washington, DC USA. RP Minnick, L (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4438-0 PY 2011 BP 453 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BDT62 UT WOS:000314793000047 ER PT B AU Fu, TC Fullerton, AM Hackett, EE Merrill, C AF Fu, Thomas C. Fullerton, Anne M. Hackett, Erin E. Merrill, Craig GP ASME TI SHIPBOARD MEASUREMENT OF OCEAN WAVES SO OMAE2011: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 30TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OCEAN, OFFSHORE AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING, VOL 6: OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering CY JUN 19-24, 2011 CL Rotterdam, NETHERLANDS SP ASME, Ocean Offshore & Arctic Engn Div ID MARINE RADAR IMAGES AB Over the past several years a number of techniques have been utilized for the measurement of ocean waves from shipboard platforms. These systems have ranged from commercial off the shelf (COTS) navigation radar and Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) systems to specially developed in-house instrumentation systems. Most of these systems have been utilized to measure the directional wave spectra around the ship. More recently, the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD) and others have begun to utilize these techniques for shipboard measurement of individual ship generated waves as well as open ocean waves. NSWCCD has used a number of these methods on various Office of Naval Research (ONR) and Naval Sea Systems (NAVSEA) sponsored field tests. These field tests were performed on a variety of naval platforms over a range of sizes, including some fixed platforms, for various sea states. While each of these tests has had individual measurement goals and objectives, the series of tests has also provided an environment for testing and developing new instrumentation and exploring their capabilities. As a result of these efforts, instrumentation has grown in sophistication from qualitative video-based observations of the wave field around an underway vessel to laser and radar based imaging and ranging measurements of free surface dynamics. This work has led to higher fidelity data, as well as data that were previously unobtainable. In this paper we provide an overview of these systems and techniques and summarize the basic capabilities of each method by providing measurement examples/applications. These systems include a shipboard array of ultrasonic distance sensors for measuring directional wave spectra, a COTS wave radar system, and a COTS scanning LIDAR system. While not intending to be exhaustive, this paper seeks to highlight the insights gained from the recent applications of these techniques, as well as the difficulties and issues associated with shipboard measurements such as ship motion and logistical constraints. C1 [Fu, Thomas C.; Fullerton, Anne M.; Hackett, Erin E.; Merrill, Craig] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Fu, TC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4438-0 PY 2011 BP 699 EP 706 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BDT62 UT WOS:000314793000074 ER PT B AU Story, WR Fu, TC Hackett, EE AF Story, W. Rob Fu, Thomas C. Hackett, Erin E. GP ASME TI RADAR MEASUREMENT OF OCEAN WAVES SO OMAE2011: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 30TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OCEAN, OFFSHORE AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING, VOL 6: OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering CY JUN 19-24, 2011 CL Rotterdam, NETHERLANDS SP ASME, Ocean Offshore & Arctic Engn Div ID SEA CLUTTER; MICROWAVE-SCATTERING; IMAGES; MODEL; SPECTRA; SURFACE; MARINE; BACKSCATTERING; HEIGHTS; ANGLES AB Over the past two decades a number of advances have been made in the use of radar systems for the measurement of ocean waves, building on early work at universities and the Naval Research Lab (NRL) to investigate the potential for extracting wave field measurements from the sea clutter seen in shipboard radar images. This early work was the foundation for modern wave radar systems, with hardware systems ranging from commercial off the shelf (COTS) incoherent navigation radar to specially developed, calibrated, coherent instrumentation radar and phased-array systems. Software algorithms and image analysis techniques have also been in constant development, which have evolved from 2D analysis of digitized images into modern techniques performing real-time 3D transformation of high resolution images. Most of these systems are being utilized to measure the directional wave spectra, with some systems also providing wave height estimates and sea surface elevation maps. More recently, the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD) and others have begun to utilize these techniques for shipboard measurement of open ocean waves. All these efforts have led to higher fidelity data, as well as data that were previously unobtainable. In this paper we provide an overview and history of the development of COTS incoherent wave radar systems, analysis techniques, and capabilities, from early characterization of sea clutter return to the latest developments in image inversion and sea surface topography. This review and summary provides a foundation on which to develop analysis techniques for the higher fidelity data, using lessons learned to improve future analysis. While not intending to be exhaustive, this paper seeks to highlight the insights gained from both historical and recent applications of these techniques, as well as the difficulties and issues associated with shipboard measurements such as ship motion, logistical constraints, and environmental factors. C1 [Story, W. Rob] Fulcrum Corp, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Fu, Thomas C.; Hackett, Erin E.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Story, WR (reprint author), Fulcrum Corp, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. FU U.S. Government; ASME disclaims all interest in the U.S. Government's FX This work is in part a work of the U.S. Government. ASME disclaims all interest in the U.S. Government's NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4438-0 PY 2011 BP 707 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BDT62 UT WOS:000314793000075 ER PT B AU Hackett, EE Fullerton, AM Merrill, CF Fu, TC AF Hackett, Erin E. Fullerton, Anne M. Merrill, Craig F. Fu, Thomas C. GP ASME TI MEASUREMENTS OF SURFACE WAVES USING LOW-GRAZING ANGLE HIGH-RESOLUTION PULSE-DOPPLER RADAR SO OMAE2011: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 30TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OCEAN, OFFSHORE AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING, VOL 6: OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering CY JUN 19-24, 2011 CL Rotterdam, NETHERLANDS SP ASME, Ocean Offshore & Arctic Engn Div ID IMAGES AB Techniques for extracting surface wave characteristics from radar backscatter have been investigated and improved over the last several decades. Much of this research has focused on the use of backscatter intensity from navigational radars for characterization of wave period and direction, and has clearly demonstrated accurate measurement of these wave characteristics. However, the precise determination of significant wave height has been more problematic due to the required application of a modulation transfer function. Furthermore, low sea states generally do not provide enough backscatter intensity for evaluation of wave characteristics, and thus, navigational radar measurements are restricted to relatively high sea states. More recently, techniques using Doppler velocities as a measurement of surface waves have been an area of increasing focus and development. An advantage of this approach is that no modulation transfer function is required, and only phase information is used from the backscattered radar signal. Recent research suggests that the relationship between Doppler velocities and wave height may be more consistent than that between radar backscatter intensity and wave height. In July 2010, surface waves were measured during an experiment at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography pier. Radar measurements were performed using a high-resolution pulse-Doppler instrumentation radar at low grazing angle (similar to 1 deg) with a pulse repetition frequency of 800 Hz and spatial resolutions of 10-30 cm. Radar data for X- and Ku-bands using both VV and HH polarizations were collected. Concurrent buoy measurements were also performed, along with the collection of wind speed and direction data. Measured seaways consisted of small significant wave heights (glassy conditions to <1 m), and contained combinations of wind sea and swell. Doppler processing of the radar data provided estimates of surface wave orbital velocity spectra in wavenumber and frequency domains. The velocity spectra were converted to sea surface elevation spectra. Using these spectra, peak periods were computed as well as RIMS wave heights, thus providing approximate significant wave heights. The methods for extracting wave spectra, peak periods, and significant wave heights are discussed, and results are compared with buoy measurements. When sufficient capillary waves existed on the sea surface, the radar and buoy measured wave spectra were in agreement, and analysis indicates that the instrumentation radar was able to detect and spectrally distinguish between wind seas and swell. C1 [Hackett, Erin E.; Fullerton, Anne M.; Merrill, Craig F.; Fu, Thomas C.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Hackett, EE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4438-0 PY 2011 BP 727 EP 735 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BDT62 UT WOS:000314793000077 ER PT B AU Fullerton, AM Fu, TC AF Fullerton, Anne M. Fu, Thomas C. GP ASME TI STATISTICS OF GREATER SEA STATES SO OMAE2011: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 30TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OCEAN, OFFSHORE AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING, VOL 6: OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering CY JUN 19-24, 2011 CL Rotterdam, NETHERLANDS SP ASME, Ocean Offshore & Arctic Engn Div AB Accurate representations of seaway statistics are important for physical and computational predictions of ship motions. The spectra that are most typically used in these applications are the Pierson-Moskowitz or Bretschneider. While these spectra are useful for fully developed seas, the larger sea states (Sea State (SS) 7 and higher) are typically not fully developed. In these cases, other spectral models may be more appropriate. It is critical to ship motion prediction, for both physical and numerical models, to accurately capture the frequency range for the sea state of interest. Sea state statistics, including wave heights, periods, and spectral bandwidths from various buoys and a platform in the North Sea are collected and compared with statistics from lower sea states. The spectral data are then averaged to generate a typical spectrum under the measured conditions. These developed spectra are compared with the ideal spectra mentioned previously. C1 [Fullerton, Anne M.; Fu, Thomas C.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Fullerton, AM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4438-0 PY 2011 BP 737 EP 746 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BDT62 UT WOS:000314793000078 ER PT S AU Clark, JH Penado, FE Dugdale, J AF Clark, James H. Penado, F. Ernesto Dugdale, Joel BE Hatheway, AE TI Deformation analysis of tilted primary mirror for an off-axis beam compressor SO OPTOMECHANICS 2011: INNOVATIONS AND SOLUTIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optomechanics - Innovations and Solutions CY AUG 22-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE optical interferometry; beam compressor; off-axis optics; NPOI; tilted mirror deformations; finite element analysis; gravity induced sag; non-symmetric mirrors AB The Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI), located near Flagstaff, Arizona, is a ground-based interferometer that collects and transports stellar radiation from six primary flat collectors, known as siderostats, through a common vacuum relay system to a beam combiner where the beams are combined, fringes are obtained and modulated, and data are recorded for further analysis. The current number of observable stellar objects can increase from 6,000 to approximately 47,000 with the addition of down-tilting beam compressors in the optical train. The increase in photon collection area from the beam compressors opens the sky to many additional and fainter stars. The siderostats are capable of redirecting 35 cm stellar beams into the vacuum relay system. Sans beam compressors, any portion of the beam greater than the capacity of the vacuum transport system, 12.5 cm, is wasted. Engineering analysis of previously procured as-built beam compressor optics show the maximum allowable primary mirror surface sag, resulting in lambda/10 peak-to-valley wavefront aberration, occurs at 2.8 degrees down-tilt angle. At the NPOI operational down-tilt angle of 20 the wavefront aberration reduces to an unacceptable lambda/4. A design modification concept that reduces tilt-induced sag was investigated. Four outwardly applied 4-lb forces on the rear surface of the mirror reduce the sag from 155 nm to 32 nm at 20 down-tilt and reduce peak-to-valley wavefront deviation to lambda/8.6. This preliminary effort indicates that this solution path is a viable and economic way to repair an expensive set of optical components. However, it requires further work to optimize the locations, magnitudes, and quantity of the forces within this system and their influence on the mirror surface. C1 [Clark, James H.] USN, Res Lab, NPOI, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Clark, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, NPOI, 10391 W Observ Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jim.clark@nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-735-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8125 AR 81250C DI 10.1117/12.894167 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BXY71 UT WOS:000297635000010 ER PT B AU Statnikov, R Statnikov, A AF Statnikov, Roman Statnikov, Alexander BA Statnikov, R Statnikov, A BF Statnikov, R Statnikov, A TI The Parameter Space Investigation Method Toolkit Introduction SO PARAMETER SPACE INVESTIGATION METHOD TOOLKIT LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID OPTIMIZATION C1 [Statnikov, Roman] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Engn Mech, Moscow 117901, Russia. [Statnikov, Roman] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Statnikov, Alexander] NYU, Sch Med, Ctr Hlth Informat & Bioinformat, New York, NY USA. [Statnikov, Alexander] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. RP Statnikov, R (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Engn Mech, Moscow 117901, Russia. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-186-9 PY 2011 BP 3 EP 12 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BVN27 UT WOS:000291955700002 ER PT J AU Thompson, JC Trafton, JG McKnight, P AF Thompson, James C. Trafton, J. Gregory McKnight, Patrick TI The perception of humanness from the movements of synthetic agents SO PERCEPTION LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL MOTION; UNCANNY VALLEY; FACES AB As technology develops, social robots and synthetic avatars might begin to play more of a role in our lives. An influential theory of the perception of synthetic agents states that as they begin to look and move in a more human-like way, they elicit profound discomfort in the observer-an effect known as the Uncanny Valley. Previous attempts to examine the existence of the Uncanny Valley have not adequately manipulated movement parameters that contribute to perceptions of the humanness or eeriness. Here we parametrically manipulated three different kinematic features of two walking avatars and found that, contrary to the Uncanny Valley hypothesis, ratings of the humanness, familiarity, and eeriness of these avatars changed monotonically. Our results indicate that, when a full gradient of motion parameter changes is examined, ratings of synthetic agents by human observers do not show an Uncanny Valley. C1 [Thompson, James C.; McKnight, Patrick] George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Trafton, J. Gregory] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thompson, JC (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, 4400 Univ Dr,MS3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM jthompsz@gmu.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N0001409WX20173] FX We wish to thank Evan Francis and J Malcolm McCurry for assistance with data collection. This work was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research under funding document N0001409WX20173 to JGT. The views and conclusions contained in this document should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Navy. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 3 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0301-0066 J9 PERCEPTION JI Perception PY 2011 VL 40 IS 6 BP 695 EP 704 DI 10.1068/p6900 PG 10 WC Ophthalmology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Ophthalmology; Psychology GA 831QR UT WOS:000295746700006 PM 21936298 ER PT J AU Gutteridge, CE Thota, DS Curtis, SM Kozar, MP Li, QG Xie, LS Zhang, J Melendez, V Asher, C Luong, TT Gerena, L Nichols, DA Montip, G AF Gutteridge, Clare E. Thota, Darshan S. Curtis, Sean M. Kozar, Michael P. Li, Qigui Xie, Lisa Zhang, Jing Melendez, Victor Asher, Constance . Luong, Thulan T. Gerena, Lucia Nichols, Daniel A. Montip, Gettayacamin TI In vitro Biotransformation, in vivo Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of Antimalarial Chalcones SO PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antiprotozoal activity; Biotransformation; 4 '-Butoxy-2,4-dimethoxy-chalcone; Chalcone; Malaria; 4 '-n-Butoxy-2,4-dimethoxy-chalcone; Microsomal digest; Pharmacokinetics ID PARASITE PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; LICOCHALCONE-A; METABOLISM; DERIVATIVES; ANALOGS; AGENTS; RAT AB 4'-n-Butoxy-2,4-dimethoxy-chalcone (MBC) has been described as protecting mice from an otherwise lethal infection with Plasmodium yoelii when dosed orally at 50 mg/kg/ dose, daily for 5 days. In contrast, we found that oral dosing of MBC at 640 mg/kg/dose, daily for 5 days, failed to extend the survivability of P. berghei-infected mice. The timing of compound administration and metabolic activation likely contribute to the outcome of efficacy testing in vivo. Microsomal digest of MBC yielded 4'-n-butoxy-4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-chalcone and 4'-(1-hydroxy-n-butoxy)-2,4-dimethoxy-chalcone. We propose that the latter will hydrolyze in vivo to 4'-hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxy-chalcone, which has greater efficacy than MBC in our P. berghei-infected mouse model and was detected in plasma following oral dosing of mice with MBC. Pharmacokinetic parameters suggest that poor absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion properties contribute to the limited in vivo efficacy observed for MBC and its analogs. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Gutteridge, Clare E.; Thota, Darshan S.; Curtis, Sean M.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Curtis, Sean M.; Kozar, Michael P.; Li, Qigui; Xie, Lisa; Zhang, Jing; Melendez, Victor; Asher, Constance .; Luong, Thulan T.; Gerena, Lucia; Nichols, Daniel A.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Montip, Gettayacamin] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Gutteridge, CE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572M Holloway Rd,Mailstop 9B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM gutterid@usna.edu RI Kozar, Michael/A-9155-2011 FU Military Infectious Diseases Research Program; Research Corporation; Office of Naval Research; Naval Academy Research Council of the United States Naval Academy FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support of this work by the Military Infectious Diseases Research Program, the Research Corporation, the Office of Naval Research and the Naval Academy Research Council of the United States Naval Academy. Material has been reviewed by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. There is no objection to its publication. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting true views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0031-7012 J9 PHARMACOLOGY JI Pharmacology PY 2011 VL 87 IS 1-2 BP 96 EP 104 DI 10.1159/000322532 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 724FD UT WOS:000287560600015 PM 21282967 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Capaccioli, S Ancherbak, S Shinyashiki, N AF Ngai, K. L. Capaccioli, S. Ancherbak, S. Shinyashiki, N. TI Resolving the ambiguity of the dynamics of water and clarifying its role in hydrated proteins SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Complex System CY MAR 15-18, 2010 CL Andalo, ITALY DE aqueous mixture; water; hydrated protein; hydrated biomolecule; dynamic transition ID GLASS-LIQUID TRANSITION; BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SUPERCOOLED WATER; DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; AROMATIC POLYESTERS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; BETA-RELAXATION; GRAPHITE OXIDE AB The dynamics of water in aqueous mixtures with various hydrophilic solutes can be probed over practically unrestricted temperature and frequency ranges, in contrast to bulk water where crystallization preempts such study. The characteristics of the dynamics of water and their trends observed in aqueous mixtures on varying the solutes and concentration of water, in conjunction with that of water confined in spaces of nanometer size, lead us to infer the fundamental traits of the dynamics of water. These include the universal secondary relaxation, here called the nu-relaxation, the low degree of intermolecular coupling/cooperativity, and the 'strong' character of the structural primary relaxation. The dynamics of hydration water in hydrated proteins at sufficiently high hydration levels are similar in every respect to that in aqueous mixtures. In particular, the nu-relaxation of hydration water has a relaxation time nearly the same as that of the nu-relaxation of aqueous mixtures above and below the glass transition temperature. This can explain the dynamics transition observed by Mossbauer spectroscopy and neutron scattering. The fact that it is coupled to atomic motions of the hydrated protein, like similar situation in aqueous mixtures, explains why the dynamic transition is observed by neutron scattering at the same temperature whether the hydration water is H2O or D2O. The possibility that the nu-relaxation of the solvent is instrumental for biological function of hydrated biomolecules is suggested by the comparable temperature dependences of the ligand escape rate and the reciprocal of the nu-relaxation time. C1 [Ngai, K. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Capaccioli, S.; Ancherbak, S.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Capaccioli, S.; Ancherbak, S.] CNR IPCF, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Shinyashiki, N.] Tokai Univ, Dept Phys, Kanagawa 2591292, Japan. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ngai@df.unipi.it RI Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012; OI Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918; Shinyashiki, Naoki/0000-0003-0486-2911 FU Office of Naval Research FX The work done at NRL and was supported by the Office of Naval Research. KLN thanks Prof. Pierangelo Rolla for providing him with the opportunity to collaborate with members of his group at the University of Pisa. NR 75 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 EI 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2011 VL 91 IS 13-15 SI SI BP 1809 EP 1835 DI 10.1080/14786435.2010.523716 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 749ZT UT WOS:000289513200007 ER PT S AU Bezares, FJ Caldwell, JD Glembocki, OJ Rendell, RW Ukaegbu, M Kasica, R Feygelson, M Prokes, SM Papantonakis, M Hosten, C AF Bezares, Francisco J. Caldwell, Joshua D. Glembocki, Orest J. Rendell, Ronald W. Ukaegbu, Maraizu Kasica, Richard Feygelson, Maryiya Prokes, Sharka M. Papantonakis, Michael Hosten, Charles BE Adibi, A Lin, SY Scherer, A TI Plasmo-photonic Nanopillar Array for Large-Area Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensors SO PHOTONIC AND PHONONIC PROPERTIES OF ENGINEERED NANOSTRUCTURES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic and Phononic Properties of Engineered Nanostructures CY JAN 24-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE surface enhanced Raman scattering; SERS; ebeam lithography; reactive ion etching; plasmonics; nanoparticles; plasmonic arrays; 2D gratings ID SPECTROSCOPY; RESONANCE AB The remarkably high electromagnetic fields that can be induced by the optical stimulation of surface plasmons in plasmonic nanostructures can induce large enhancements to Raman scattering. The Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) effect offers great potential for the development of molecular sensors with low false alarm rates and high sensitivity. Although research in this field has grown at a very fast pace in recent years, most of this work has focused on attaining the highest enhancements at highly localized hot-spots, which while providing large peak enhancements, exhibit very low average enhancement factors, making their use for most sensing applications unlikely. Here we report on Au-coated Si nanopillar arrays where we probe the dependence of the SERS enhancement on both the nanopillar diameter and the interpillar gap over a range extending from 30 to 245 nm and 20 to 165 nm, respectively. This approach allows for the optimization of the SPR condition relative to the incident laser wavelength chosen, enabling an optimized SERS sensor. As the interparticle gaps approach 20 nm, we also explored arrays of nanopillars where interparticle plasmonic coupling should exist, however, it remains unclear if any such collective effects are present. The arrays created do illustrate very large highly uniform (<30% deviation) SERS enhancement factors (G), with G in excess of 1x10(7) being reported. In addition, we explored the role of the nanoparticle geometry, where we determined that a higher G is observed for circle in comparison to square nanopillars of similar dimensions. The SERS enhancement was found to have a very distinct dependence on the nanopillar diameter, while only a monotonic increase was observed with increasing interpillar gap. These results suggest great suitability of plasmo-photonic large-area nanopillar arrays for SERS vapor and liquid sensor applications. C1 [Bezares, Francisco J.; Caldwell, Joshua D.; Glembocki, Orest J.; Rendell, Ronald W.; Feygelson, Maryiya; Prokes, Sharka M.; Papantonakis, Michael] USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bezares, FJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; Papantonakis, Michael/G-3888-2012 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8483-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7946 AR 79461A DI 10.1117/12.879151 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BYE67 UT WOS:000298244400021 ER PT J AU Moon, JS Gaskill, K Campbell, P AF Moon, Jeong-Sun Gaskill, Kurt Campbell, Paul BE Mikhailov, S TI Graphene Transistors and RF Applications SO PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE - EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EPITAXIAL-GRAPHENE; MOBILITY; MOSFETS C1 [Moon, Jeong-Sun] HRL Labs, Malibu, CA USA. [Gaskill, Kurt; Campbell, Paul] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Moon, JS (reprint author), HRL Labs, Malibu, CA USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-217-3 PY 2011 BP 501 EP 508 D2 10.5772/590 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BC9LB UT WOS:000356535400022 ER PT J AU Rudakov, L Mithaiwala, M Ganguli, G Crabtree, C AF Rudakov, L. Mithaiwala, M. Ganguli, G. Crabtree, C. TI Linear and nonlinear Landau resonance of kinetic Alfven waves: Consequences for electron distribution and wave spectrum in the solar wind SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ASTROPHYSICAL GYROKINETICS; PLASMA AB Kinetic Alfven wave turbulence in solar wind is considered and it is shown that non-Maxwellian electron distribution function has a significant effect on the dynamics of solar wind plasmas. Linear Landau damping leads to the formation of a plateau in the parallel electron distribution function which diminishes the Landau damping rate significantly. Nonlinear scattering of waves by plasma particles is generalized to short wavelengths and it is found that for the solar wind parameters this scattering is the dominant process as compared to three-wave decay and coalescence in the wave vector range 1/rho(i) 1%) after irradiation. The SPADs demonstrated proton radiation tolerance for geosynchronous space applications. C1 [Gaskill, D. K.; VanMil, B. L.; Myers-Ward, R. L.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Adv SiC Epitaxial Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hu, J.; Xin, X.; Zhao, J. H.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ece, Sci Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Gaskill, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adv SiC Epitaxial Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gaskill@nrl.navy.mil; jzhao@ece.rutgers.edu FU National Science Foundation; Office of Naval Research FX Post doctoral fellowship support for Dr. B.L.VanMil was through the ASEE. We thank Dr. Scott Messenger for arranging the proton irradiation and comments on the data. This work was supported at Rutgers University by the National Science Foundation and at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory by the Office of Naval Research. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2011 VL 679-680 BP 551 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.679-680.551 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BVJ83 UT WOS:000291673500132 ER EF